Location

St. Mariam Astvatsatsin Church (Figs. 1, 2) is located on a hillside in the northwestern part of Arakel village in Hadrut region. It is presently under the occupation of Azerbaijan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Arakel.jpg?v=1642680632" width="1356" height="540" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Arakel.jpg?v=1642680632 1356w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Arakel-300x119.jpg?v=1642680632 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Arakel-1024x408.jpg?v=1642680632 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Arakel-768x306.jpg?v=1642680632 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Arakel-370x147.jpg?v=1642680632 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1356px) 100vw, 1356px" title="Tr Arakel" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/001-1-768x545.jpg?v=1642680664" width="768" height="545" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/001-1-768x545.jpg?v=1642680664 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/001-1-300x213.jpg?v=1642680664 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/001-1-1024x727.jpg?v=1642680664 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/001-1-370x263.jpg?v=1642680664 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/001-1.jpg?v=1642680664 1481w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 1․ The church from the southwest, photo by AR MESCS Electronic Database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1․ The church from the southwest, photo by AR MESCS Electronic Database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1.jpg?v=1642680698" width="800" height="496" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1.jpg?v=1642680698 800w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-300x186.jpg?v=1642680698 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-768x476.jpg?v=1642680698 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-370x229.jpg?v=1642680698 370w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" title="Fig. 2․ The church before its destruction, photo by Sh․ Mkrtchyan, Historical and Architectural Monuments of Nagorno Karabakh, Yerevan, 1985, p. 304." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2․ The church before its destruction, photo by Sh․ Mkrtchyan, Historical and Architectural Monuments of Nagorno Karabakh, Yerevan, 1985, p. 304.

Historical overview

Arakel village is located 9-10 kilometers southeast of Hadrut town. According to the villagers, Mariam Astvatsatsin Church (Church of Saint Mary) was built in 1902-1907 with financial means of Makich Grigoryan – a wealthy resident of Arakel village living in Baku, who spent 30.000 gold coins on the church. The design of the church was commissioned to the architects of Tiflis.

In 1991, as a result of Operation “Ring”, Arakel village was emptied of Armenians, completely looted and set on fire by Azerbaijanis. It was liberated in August 1993. In 1996, by financial support of the “France-Karabakh” organization, the reconstruction of the village launched and most of the villagers returned to Arakel.

Architectural-compositional examination

The church is a rectangular hall with a volumetric solution, which ends with a semicircular altar in the eastern part. Twin vestries are placed on both sides of the altar. The dome rested on four cruciform columns and the arches adjoining them (Figs. 3, 4). The church is built of gray polished and rough basalt stones. It is 20.5 meters long, 16 meters wide, the height together with the dome was 18 meters. It has three entrances, which open on the western, northern and southern sides, and is illuminated by ten large windows (Figs. 5, 6). In the 1960s, the bell was accidentally found among scrap metal, which was handed over to the regional museum. Presently, it is preserved in the Artsakh Local Lore Museum.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-768x544.jpg?v=1642680834" width="768" height="544" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-768x544.jpg?v=1642680834 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-300x212.jpg?v=1642680834 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-1024x725.jpg?v=1642680834 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-370x262.jpg?v=1642680834 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1.jpg?v=1642680834 1477w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 3․ The inside view of church, photo by AR MESCS Electronic Database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3․ The inside view of church, photo by AR MESCS Electronic Database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-768x576.jpeg?v=1642680990" width="768" height="576" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-768x576.jpeg?v=1642680990 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-300x225.jpeg?v=1642680990 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-1024x768.jpeg?v=1642680990 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-1536x1152.jpeg?v=1642680990 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-370x278.jpeg?v=1642680990 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005.jpeg?v=1642680990 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 5․ The church from the north, 2013, photo by G․ Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5․ The church from the north, 2013, photo by G․ Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-1.jpg?v=1642681023" width="1476" height="1046" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-1.jpg?v=1642681023 1476w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-1-300x213.jpg?v=1642681023 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-1-1024x726.jpg?v=1642681023 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-1-768x544.jpg?v=1642681023 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-1-370x262.jpg?v=1642681023 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1476px) 100vw, 1476px" title="Fig. 6. The church from the west, photo by AR MESCS Electronic Database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6. The church from the west, photo by AR MESCS Electronic Database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-1-scaled.jpg?v=1642680918" width="1440" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-1-scaled.jpg?v=1642680918 1440w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-1-169x300.jpg?v=1642680918 169w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-1-576x1024.jpg?v=1642680918 576w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-1-768x1365.jpg?v=1642680918 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-1-864x1536.jpg?v=1642680918 864w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-1-1152x2048.jpg?v=1642680918 1152w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-1-208x370.jpg?v=1642680918 208w" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" title="Fig. 4․ The inside view of the church, 2019, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4․ The inside view of the church, 2019, photo by G. Budaghyan.

The condition before, during and after the war

After the 1991 occupation, the village was completely burnt down and destroyed. Astvatsatsin Church also fell a victim to vandalism. The Azerbaijanis opened fire on the church from the tanks, as a result of which the dome, the vault and the southern vestry were completely destroyed (Fig. 7). It did not suffer from hostilities during the 44-day war. No information is available about its post-war condition.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-1-scaled.jpg?v=1642681200" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-1-scaled.jpg?v=1642681200 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-1-300x225.jpg?v=1642681200 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1642681200 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-1-768x576.jpg?v=1642681200 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-1-1536x1152.jpg?v=1642681200 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-1-2048x1536.jpg?v=1642681200 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-1-370x278.jpg?v=1642681200 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 7․ The church from the south, 2019, photo by G․ Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 7․ The church from the south, 2019, photo by G․ Budaghyan.

Bibliography

1․ Barkhutaryants M, Artsakh, Baku, 1895.

2․ Mkrtchyan Sh․, The historical-architectural monuments of Nagorno Karabakh, Yerevan, 1985.

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Часовня на кладбище села Матагис

Локализация

Часовня кладбища села Матагис находится к юго-западу от села, на склоне левого берега реки Тартар (рис.1). Ныне село Матагис оккупировано Азербайджаном.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cemeterys-chapel.jpg?v=1644830826" width="1354" height="527" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cemeterys-chapel.jpg?v=1644830826 1354w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cemeterys-chapel-300x117.jpg?v=1644830826 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cemeterys-chapel-1024x399.jpg?v=1644830826 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cemeterys-chapel-768x299.jpg?v=1644830826 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cemeterys-chapel-370x144.jpg?v=1644830826 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1354px) 100vw, 1354px" title="Cemetery’s chapel" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-1-1.jpg?v=1644828733" width="1158" height="868" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-1-1.jpg?v=1644828733 1158w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-1-1-300x225.jpg?v=1644828733 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-1-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1644828733 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-1-1-768x576.jpg?v=1644828733 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-1-1-370x277.jpg?v=1644828733 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1158px) 100vw, 1158px" title="Рис. 1 Общий вид часовни и кладбища, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 1 Общий вид часовни и кладбища, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах.

Исторический очерк

Кладбище села Матагис в целом относится к 19-20-ым векам, однако расположенаая там церковь-часовня и наличие ряда надгробных камней и нетесанных надгробных плит дают основание предполагать, что кладбище возникло неподалеку от существовавшего здесь ранее святилища (рис. 2, 3).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-1.jpg?v=1644828823" width="1089" height="817" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-1.jpg?v=1644828823 1089w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-1-300x225.jpg?v=1644828823 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1644828823 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-1-768x576.jpg?v=1644828823 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/02-1-370x278.jpg?v=1644828823 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1089px) 100vw, 1089px" title="Рис. 2 Старое кладбище Матахиса, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 2 Старое кладбище Матахиса, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-768x575.jpg?v=1644316576" width="768" height="575" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-768x575.jpg?v=1644316576 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-300x225.jpg?v=1644316576 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-1024x767.jpg?v=1644316576 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-370x277.jpg?v=1644316576 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003.jpg?v=1644316576 1085w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Рис. 3 Часовня и старые надгробия, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 3 Часовня и старые надгробия, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах.

Часовня не имеет точной датировки. Согласно паспорту памятника Министерства образования, науки, культуры и спорта Республики Арцах – не исключено, что часовня была построена в 12-13-х веках (рис. 4, 5). Макар Бархударянц, описавший село Матагис и его церковь, не упомянул часовню кладбища (Бархударянц 1895, 231).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/04-1-768x575.jpg?v=1644828966" width="768" height="575" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/04-1-768x575.jpg?v=1644828966 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/04-1-300x225.jpg?v=1644828966 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/04-1-1024x767.jpg?v=1644828966 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/04-1-370x277.jpg?v=1644828966 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/04-1.jpg?v=1644828966 1088w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Рис. 4 Западный фасад часовни, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 4 Западный фасад часовни, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/05-1.jpg?v=1644829014" width="1086" height="815" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/05-1.jpg?v=1644829014 1086w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/05-1-300x225.jpg?v=1644829014 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/05-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1644829014 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/05-1-768x576.jpg?v=1644829014 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/05-1-370x278.jpg?v=1644829014 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1086px) 100vw, 1086px" title="Рис. 5 Внутренний вид часовни, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 5 Внутренний вид часовни, фото из каталога памятников МОНКС Республики Арцах.

Архитектурно-композиционное описание

Часовня представляет собой однонефную сводчатую постройку с двускатной крышей. Она построена из местных нетесанных и груботесаных мелких и крупных камней серого цвета на известковом растворе. Единственный вход с запада. В восточной части расположено единственное окно. Высота часовни – 4,5 метров, внутренние размеры - 3,8х2,23 метров.

Состояние до, во время и после войны

Часовня в период арцахских войн не пострадала. После оккупации села данные о часовне отсутствуют.

Литература

Бархудрянц 1895 – Бархударянц М., Арцах, Изд. «Арор», Баку (на арм.яз.).

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Церковь Григор Нарекаци

Локализация

Церковь Григор Нарекаци (рис. 1) расположена в Гадрутском районе, в 1 км к западу от села Драхтик, на возвышенности. Среди местного населения более распространено название Нарекаванк. С октября 2020-го года село Драхтик находится под азербайджанской оккупацией.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Narekaci.jpg" width="1355" height="554" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Narekaci.jpg 1355w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Narekaci-300x123.jpg 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Narekaci-1024x419.jpg 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Narekaci-768x314.jpg 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Narekaci-370x151.jpg 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1355px) 100vw, 1355px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-3-1536x864-3.jpg?v=1646397634" width="1536" height="864" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-3-1536x864-3.jpg?v=1646397634 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-3-1536x864-3-300x169.jpg?v=1646397634 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-3-1536x864-3-1024x576.jpg?v=1646397634 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-3-1536x864-3-768x432.jpg?v=1646397634 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-3-1536x864-3-370x208.jpg?v=1646397634 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" title="Рис. 1 Общий вид церкви с востока, 2014, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 1 Общий вид церкви с востока, 2014, фото Г. Будагян.

Исторический обзор

Село Драхтик находится на расстоянии 24 км от города Гадрут. О селе М.Бархударянц пишет: «население коренное» (Бархурдарянц 1895, 58).

Архитектурно-композиционный анализ

Церковь представляет собой прямоугольный в плане зал. Имеет длину 13 метров, ширину – 8 метров, высоту – 4 метра. Внутри в восточной части церковь заканчивается полукруглой абсидой. Сводчатое перекрытие опирается на арки, образованные тремя парами пилястр. С внешней стороны церковь покрыта двускатной крышей с земляной насыпью. Единственный вход открывается с запада. Зал освещается благодаря окнам, расположенным на западной и восточной стенах. Западный фасад украшают четыре хачкара (рис. 2,3) - этот феномен особенно характерен для церквей 17-18-х веков. В стены внутри церкви вставлено несколько небольших хачкаров. На колоннах и арках также вырезаны хачкарные композиции (рис. 4, 5).

Год строительства церкви (1645) сохранился на одном из чистотесанных камней, окаймляющих вход (рис. 6) и на центральной пилястре северной стены внутри церкви (рис. 7). Вокруг церкви простирается кладбище.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-1-1536x864-3.jpg?v=1646397660" width="1536" height="864" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-1-1536x864-3.jpg?v=1646397660 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-1-1536x864-3-300x169.jpg?v=1646397660 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-1-1536x864-3-1024x576.jpg?v=1646397660 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-1-1536x864-3-768x432.jpg?v=1646397660 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-1-1536x864-3-370x208.jpg?v=1646397660 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" title="Рис. 2 Хачкары восточной стены, 2020, фото Г. Будагян. " alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 2 Хачкары восточной стены, 2020, фото Г. Будагян.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-1-768x1024-3.jpg?v=1646397682" width="768" height="1024" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-1-768x1024-3.jpg?v=1646397682 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-1-768x1024-3-225x300.jpg?v=1646397682 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-1-768x1024-3-278x370.jpg?v=1646397682 278w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Рис. 3 Один из хачаров восточной стены, 2020, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 3 Один из хачаров восточной стены, 2020, фото Г. Будагян.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-1-scaled-3.jpg?v=1646397731" width="1440" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-1-scaled-3.jpg?v=1646397731 1440w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-1-scaled-3-169x300.jpg?v=1646397731 169w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-1-scaled-3-576x1024.jpg?v=1646397731 576w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-1-scaled-3-768x1365.jpg?v=1646397731 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-1-scaled-3-864x1536.jpg?v=1646397731 864w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-1-scaled-3-1152x2048.jpg?v=1646397731 1152w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-1-scaled-3-208x370.jpg?v=1646397731 208w" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" title="Рис. 5 Хачкары, вставленные в восточное окно, 2020, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 5 Хачкары, вставленные в восточное окно, 2020, фото Г. Будагян.

Состояние до, во время и после войны

В результате артиллерийского вражеского обстрела в период Первой арцахской войны были повреждены восточная стена церкви и часть свода (рис. 8). Во время военных действий 2020-го года церковь не пострадала. О состоянии памятника после войны данные отсутcтвуют.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-1-768x1024-3.jpg?v=1646397701" width="768" height="1024" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-1-768x1024-3.jpg?v=1646397701 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-1-768x1024-3-225x300.jpg?v=1646397701 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-1-768x1024-3-278x370.jpg?v=1646397701 278w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Рис. 4 Резные кресты на арке, 2020, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 4 Резные кресты на арке, 2020, фото Г. Будагян.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/006-768x1024-3.jpg?v=1646397754" width="768" height="1024" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/006-768x1024-3.jpg?v=1646397754 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/006-768x1024-3-225x300.jpg?v=1646397754 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/006-768x1024-3-278x370.jpg?v=1646397754 278w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Рис. 6 Год строительства церкви на чистотесанном камне у входа, 2020, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 6 Год строительства церкви на чистотесанном камне у входа, 2020, фото Г. Будагян.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-1-1536x2048-3.jpg?v=1646397784" width="1536" height="2048" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-1-1536x2048-3.jpg?v=1646397784 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-1-1536x2048-3-225x300.jpg?v=1646397784 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-1-1536x2048-3-768x1024.jpg?v=1646397784 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-1-1536x2048-3-1152x1536.jpg?v=1646397784 1152w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-1-1536x2048-3-278x370.jpg?v=1646397784 278w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" title="Рис. 7 Северная пилястра, 2020, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 7 Северная пилястра, 2020, фото Г. Будагян.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-1-1536x2048-3.jpg?v=1646397806" width="1536" height="2048" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-1-1536x2048-3.jpg?v=1646397806 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-1-1536x2048-3-225x300.jpg?v=1646397806 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-1-1536x2048-3-768x1024.jpg?v=1646397806 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-1-1536x2048-3-1152x1536.jpg?v=1646397806 1152w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-1-1536x2048-3-278x370.jpg?v=1646397806 278w" sizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" title="Рис. 8 Разрушенная часть церкви, 2014, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 8 Разрушенная часть церкви, 2014, фото Г. Будагян.

Литература

Бархударянц 1895 – Бархударянц М., Арцах, Изд. «Арор», Баку (на арм.яз).

Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, Изд-во «Айастан», Ереван, 1988.

Локализация Церковь Григор Нарекаци (рис. 1) расположена в Гадрутском районе, в 1 км к западу от села Драхтик, на возвышенности. Среди местного населения более распространено название Нарекаванк. С октября 2020-го года село Драхтик находится под азербайджанской оккупацией. Исторический обзор Село Драхтик находится на расстоянии 24 км от города Гадрут. О селе М.Бархударянц пишет: «население коренное» (Бархурдарянц 1895, 58). Архитектурно-композиционный анализ Церковь представляет собой прямоугольный в плане зал. Имеет длину 13 метров, ширину – 8 метров, высоту – 4 метра. Внутри в восточной части церковь заканчивается полукруглой абсидой. Сводчатое перекрытие опирается на арки, образованные тремя парами пилястр. С внешней стороны церковь покрыта двускатной крышей с земляной насыпью. Единственный вход открывается с запада. Зал освещается благодаря окнам, расположенным на западной и восточной стенах. Западный фасад украшают четыре хачкара (рис. 2,3) – этот феномен особенно характерен для церквей 17-18-х веков. В стены внутри церкви вставлено несколько небольших хачкаров. На колоннах и арках также вырезаны хачкарные композиции (рис. 4, 5). Год строительства церкви (1645) сохранился на одном из чистотесанных камней, окаймляющих вход (рис. 6) и на центральной пилястре северной стены внутри церкви (рис. 7). Вокруг церкви простирается кладбище. Состояние до, во время и после войны В результате артиллерийского вражеского обстрела в период Первой арцахской войны были повреждены восточная стена церкви и часть свода (рис. 8). Во время военных действий 2020-го года церковь не пострадала. О состоянии памятника после войны данные отсутcтвуют.

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Location

The archaeological site of Gyavurkala (literally, “Fortress of the Unbelievers”) is located east of Nor Haykajur village in Martakert region of the Artsakh Republic (Sofulu in Aghdam region in Soviet times). Gyavurkala settlement was partially studied by Azerbaijani archaeologists in the 50-70s of the last century, who emphasized the Christian affiliation of the settlement (Vahidov 1965, 167-183). The ruins of an unearthed early medieval church (they were covered again with soil after the end of the Soviet period excavations), the necropolis with sarcophagi, and the pillar of an early medieval cruciform obelisk can still be seen here (Fig. 1).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Nor-Haykajur-Gyavur-Kala.jpg?v=1643311629" width="1365" height="507" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Nor-Haykajur-Gyavur-Kala.jpg?v=1643311629 1365w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Nor-Haykajur-Gyavur-Kala-300x111.jpg?v=1643311629 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Nor-Haykajur-Gyavur-Kala-1024x380.jpg?v=1643311629 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Nor-Haykajur-Gyavur-Kala-768x285.jpg?v=1643311629 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Tr-Nor-Haykajur-Gyavur-Kala-370x137.jpg?v=1643311629 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1365px) 100vw, 1365px" title="Tr Nor Haykajur Gyavur Kala" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image-27-01-22-10-11-768x532.jpeg?v=1643307902" width="768" height="532" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image-27-01-22-10-11-768x532.jpeg?v=1643307902 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image-27-01-22-10-11-300x208.jpeg?v=1643307902 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image-27-01-22-10-11-1024x709.jpeg?v=1643307902 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image-27-01-22-10-11-370x256.jpeg?v=1643307902 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image-27-01-22-10-11.jpeg?v=1643307902 1134w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 1 The master plan of the settlement: 1-the territory of the settlement, 2-necropolis, a-early Christian church, b-the pillar of the early medieval cross-bearing obelisk. Measurement by L. Kirakosyan. " alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The master plan of the settlement: 1-the territory of the settlement, 2-necropolis, a-early Christian church, b-the pillar of the early medieval cross-bearing obelisk. Measurement by L. Kirakosyan.

Historical overview

There is no available data from historical sources on the settlement and the church.

 Architectural-compositional examination

In 2013, the Artsakh Tigranakert expedition team (H. Petrosyan, N. Yeranyan, L. Kirakosyan, L. Minasyan) carried out excavations of the ancient church of the archaeological site. These excavations provided an opportunity to make preliminary observations about the Gyavurkala settlement and the single-nave church located there (Fig. 2).

The settlement stretches over a hill, which is 6.0 m elevated from the surrounding plain. The upper flat surface is 160.0 m long from east to west and 120.0 m from north to south orientation, occupying an area of about 2.0 ha. Preliminary observations bring to light the remains of a group of architectural complexes.

The ruins of an early medieval church can be observed in the southern part of the settlement․ South and south-east of the hill, about 100 m from the center, there is a necropolis with early Christian slabs and sarcophagi (Fig. 3). Fragments of early medieval architectural details – cross-shaped ornaments, column bases, obelisks, their pedestals and other fragments can be found everywhere.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-scaled.jpg?v=1643308244" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-scaled.jpg?v=1643308244 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-300x200.jpg?v=1643308244 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-1024x683.jpg?v=1643308244 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-768x512.jpg?v=1643308244 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643308244 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643308244 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-370x247.jpg?v=1643308244 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/002-1-2-272x182.jpg?v=1643308244 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 2 The ruins of Gyavurkala church until 2013: excavations. Photo by L․ Kirakosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The ruins of Gyavurkala church until 2013: excavations. Photo by L․ Kirakosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-2-768x512.jpg?v=1643308596" width="768" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-2-768x512.jpg?v=1643308596 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-2-300x200.jpg?v=1643308596 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-2-1024x683.jpg?v=1643308596 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-2-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643308596 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-2-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643308596 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-2-370x247.jpg?v=1643308596 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/003-1-2-272x182.jpg?v=1643308596 272w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 3 Sarcophagus lid in the early Christian necropolis. Photo by L․ Kirakosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 Sarcophagus lid in the early Christian necropolis. Photo by L․ Kirakosyan.

During the excavations, the soil cover of the church was removed and the ruins of the buildings were opened. The total area of the excavation was about 150 square meters, average depth – 1.5 m. The 14 slabs of the floor (dimensions: 0.45 x 0.45 m – 0.95 x 0.7 m) and the 15 polished stones of the first row of the inner surface of the northern wall of the church were preserved in situ. In the northwestern corner, one stone is also preserved in the second row. The prayer hall of the church and the room attached to it from the north were cleaned (Fig. 4).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-3-scaled.jpg?v=1643309000" width="2560" height="1385" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-3-scaled.jpg?v=1643309000 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-3-300x162.jpg?v=1643309000 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-3-1024x554.jpg?v=1643309000 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-3-768x415.jpg?v=1643309000 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-3-1536x831.jpg?v=1643309000 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-3-2048x1108.jpg?v=1643309000 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/004-3-370x200.jpg?v=1643309000 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 4 The view of the church in 2013: after the excavations. Photo by L․ Kirakosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The view of the church in 2013: after the excavations. Photo by L․ Kirakosyan.

Planning structure: The plan of the church is completely outlined (Fig. 5). It is a single-nave hall with a rectangular enscribed semicircular apse. The external length of the church is 18.0 m, the width is 7.75 m. The prayer hall measures 11.65 x 5.25 m. The floor of the semicircular altar is 0.5 m higher than the level of the prayer hall and probably used to communicate to it in two steps, of which nothing has been preserved. There are stones of the two corners of the bema facade in situ. The apse is 3.85 m deep. The adjacent room is rectangular in plan with dimensions of 6.4 x 3.4 m and a wall thickness of 1.05 m. The church has three entrances, two on the southern side and the third on the western. The prayer hall communicates with the room attached to the north through the entrance on this side. Only the width of the southwestern entrance is clearly defined – 1.35 m. The church was built on a stepped basements, some of the remains of which can be seen on the eastern and southern sides. Some parts of the southern and northern longitudinal walls of the church are preserved up to 1.7 m high. They are lined with the traditional medieval, “Midis” – three-layer, two-faceted principle, where the polished stones of the outer and inner surfaces of the walls are connected with lime mortar.

Numerous fragments of tiles were found during the cleaning works. Tile (flat – width։ 20-24 cm, side thickness: 14-20 cm, height: 30-35 cm) and threaded parts (diameter: 10-14 cm) were found. They are made of low-quality, large-grained, reddish-yellowish clay. They testify that like the basilicas of Tigranakert, the church of Gyavurkala also had a tiled roof and was built of limestone and close in size to the Small Church of Tigranakert. The difference between the planning structure is that here the apse is enscribed within the rectangle, and in Tigranakert – externally stressed (Kirakosyan 2013, 130,131).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-768x852.png?v=1643309048" width="768" height="852" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-768x852.png?v=1643309048 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-271x300.png?v=1643309048 271w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005-334x370.png?v=1643309048 334w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/005.png?v=1643309048 818w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 5 The plan and section of the church. Measurement by L. Kirakosyan. " alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The plan and section of the church. Measurement by L. Kirakosyan.

The church of Gyavurkala belongs to the type of early medieval churches with enscribed rectangle, to which most of the early medieval basilicas belong (Fig. 6). These, in turn, are divided into two subgroups: churches with simple forms, without any structure adjacent to the main volume, and churches with one or two vestries and external halls attached on one, two or three sides. The church of Gyavurkala belongs to the second subgroup of basilicas and has a room connecting with the prayer hall on the northern side. The proportion of these structures is close to the classical proportions of longitudinal religious structures and is generally more than 1:2. The index of 1:2.2 is registered in the church of Gyavurkala.

The church, with its plan, cruciform ornament carved on the wall of the northern vestry (Fig. 7), and a collection of tiles, is dated to the 5th-6th cc. AD. The pottery is a remarkable example of early glaze, based on which the upper limit of the settlement can be considered the 9th century. The lid of one of the sarcophagi once found here had an extensive Armenian inscription, it was moved to Baku and its current fate is unknown (Barkhudaryan 1964, 61-64). The name of the settlement, the Christian monuments, the Armenian inscription best testify to the Christian-Armenian identity of this settlement (Cultural Studies ․․․ 2009, 28).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006.png?v=1643309372" width="3711" height="2783" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006.png?v=1643309372 3711w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-300x225.png?v=1643309372 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-1024x768.png?v=1643309372 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-768x576.png?v=1643309372 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-1536x1152.png?v=1643309372 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-2048x1536.png?v=1643309372 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/006-370x277.png?v=1643309372 370w" sizes="(max-width: 3711px) 100vw, 3711px" title="Fig. 6 The rectangular type of single-nave churches with an enscribed apse: 1-Gyavurkala, a-Shenik, b-Agarak, c-Aragyugh, d-Talin, e-Avan (Aragatsotn region), f-Shenik, e-Avan (Yerevan), h-St. Astvatsatsin of Aragyugh, t- Tukh- Manuk of Zovuni, j-Pemzashen." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The rectangular type of single-nave churches with an enscribed apse: 1-Gyavurkala, a-Shenik, b-Agarak, c-Aragyugh, d-Talin, e-Avan (Aragatsotn region), f-Shenik, e-Avan (Yerevan), h-St. Astvatsatsin of Aragyugh, t- Tukh- Manuk of Zovuni, j-Pemzashen.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-3-768x512.jpg?v=1643309683" width="768" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-3-768x512.jpg?v=1643309683 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-3-300x200.jpg?v=1643309683 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-3-1024x683.jpg?v=1643309683 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-3-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643309683 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-3-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643309683 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-3-370x247.jpg?v=1643309683 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/007-3-272x182.jpg?v=1643309683 272w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 7 The cruciform ornament carved on the wall of the northern vestry of the church." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 7 The cruciform ornament carved on the wall of the northern vestry of the church.

Bibliographic examination

Partial excavations have been carried out in the church of Gyavurkala since the 1950s by Azerbaijani archaeologists. Everything Armenian unearthed during the excavations was presented and published as “Caucasian Albanian” by them (Vahidov 1965, 167-183; Геюшев 166, 77-79; the same author’s: 1972, 1978; 1984, 60). S. Karapetyan referred to Gyavurkala archaeological site briefly describing the complex (Karapetyan 1999, 227, 228).The archeological expedition of Artsakh referred to the archaeological site and particularly to the church in the publications of the results of its field studies (Petrosyan, Khachatryan, Piliposyan, Safaryan 2006, 439, 440). The compositional, structural and construction issues of the church of Gyavurkala are discussed in the works of L. Kirakosyan (Kirakosyan 2013, 130, 131; 2018, 25, 26).

     The condition before, during and after the war

In the Soviet period, partial excavations were carried out in the area of the archaeological site. After their completion, some parts of the ruins were covered (a part of the church walls and tiled floor). After the First Artsakh War, temporary excavations were carried out in the area of the archaeological site, the ruins of the church were completely opened and certified. After the study, some parts were closed again. It was not undergone significant changes during and after the Second Artsakh War.

Bibliography

1․ Barkhudaryan 1964 – Barkhudaryan S․, Epitaph in the name of Prince Hamam, “Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences", N 1, Yerevan, 61-64.

2․ Karapetyan 2001 – Karapetyan S., Armenian cultural monuments in the region of Karabakh, “Science” publishing house of the NAS RA, Yerevan.

3․ Kirakosyan 2013 – Kirakosyan L․, The architecture of the church of Tigranakert in Artsakh, HPHJ, 1 (192), “Science” publishing house of the NAS RA, Yerevan, 115-141.

4․ Kirakosyan 2018 – Kirakosyan L․, The architecture of the inner valley of Khachenaget, 17. 00․01 Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Architecture, majoring in “Architecture and Architectural Design”, Yerevan.

5․ The cultural researches in Artsakh – 2009, Petrosyan H., Kirakosyan L., The cultural researches in Artsakh, Shushi, Handaberd monastery, Tigranakert, Yerevan, 2009.

6․Petrosyan, Khachatryan, Piliposyan, Safaryan 2006 – Petrosyan H․, Khachatryan Zh․, Piliposyan A․, Safaryan V., The first results of the archeological excavation in Tigranakert of Artsakh and its surroundings: The past, present and future of Nagorno Karabakh, Theses of International Conference reports, June 21-24, Stepanakert 434-446.

7․ Vahidov 1965 – Vahidov R․, Archaeological excavations in Gyavur Kala, // Material culture of Azerbaijan, vol. 4, Baku, 167-183 (in Azerbaijani).

8․ Геюшев 1966 – Геюшев Р., Каменные идолы нового типа ДАН, Азерб. ССР, N 6, 77-79

9․ Геюшев 1972 – Геюшев Р., Раскопки городища Гявур кала, «Археологические открытия в Азербайджане за 1971 год», Баку.

10․ Геюшев 1978 – Геюшев Р., Работы на городище Гявур кала, «Археологические открытия  1977 года», Москва.

11․ Геюшев 1984 - Геюшев Р., Христианство в Кавказской Албании, Баку, 60.

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<meta property="og:description" content="Location The archaeological site of Gyavurkala (literally, “Fortress of the Unbelievers”) is located east of Nor Haykajur village in Martakert region of the Artsakh Republic (Sofulu in Aghdam region in Soviet times). Gyavurkala settlement was partially studied by Azerbaijani archaeologists in the 50-70s of the last century, who emphasized the Christian affiliation of the settlement (Vahidov 1965, 167-183). The ruins of an unearthed early medieval church (they were covered again with soil after the end of the Soviet period excavations), the necropolis with sarcophagi, and the pillar of an early medieval cruciform obelisk can still be seen here (Fig. 1). Historical overview There is no available data from historical sources on the settlement and the church.  Architectural-compositional examination In 2013, the Artsakh Tigranakert expedition team (H. Petrosyan, N. Yeranyan, L. Kirakosyan, L. Minasyan) carried out excavations of the ancient church of the archaeological site. These excavations provided an opportunity to make preliminary observations about the Gyavurkala settlement and the single-nave church located there (Fig. 2). The settlement stretches over a hill, which is 6.0 m elevated from the surrounding plain. The upper flat surface is 160.0 m long from east to west and 120.0 m from north to south orientation, occupying an area of about 2.0 ha. Preliminary observations bring to light the remains of a group of architectural complexes. The ruins of an early medieval church can be observed in the southern part of the settlement․ South and south-east of the hill, about 100 m from the center, there is a necropolis with early Christian slabs and sarcophagi (Fig. 3). Fragments of early medieval architectural details – cross-shaped ornaments, column bases, obelisks, their pedestals and other fragments can be found everywhere." />
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Location

The caravanserai and the mosque are located in Hadrut region of the Artsakh Republic, and during the Soviet years they used to be within the borders of Gharghabazar village in Fizuli region of the Azerbaijani SSR. As a result of the 2020 hostilities, the area where the monument group is located, has passed under Azerbaijani control.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Kargabazar.jpg?v=1644000016" width="1356" height="448" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Kargabazar.jpg?v=1644000016 1356w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Kargabazar-300x99.jpg?v=1644000016 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Kargabazar-1024x338.jpg?v=1644000016 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Kargabazar-768x254.jpg?v=1644000016 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Tr_Kargabazar-370x122.jpg?v=1644000016 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1356px) 100vw, 1356px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Historical overview

Historical data about the monument is quite scarce. The caravanserai is considered to have been built in the 17th century (Усейнов 1963, 291). The mosque, located on the top of the hill, according to the inscription above the entrance, was built by Haji Gias ad-Din in 1683/1684 (КЭПА 2011, 96-97).

Architectural-compositional description

The caravanserai is located on the western slope of a hill rising in the center of the village. During its construction the nature of the terrain was taken into account: the relief is left unchanged and the structures are adapted to it (Fig. 1). The building of the caravanserai is rectangular in the plan, the courtyard is located in the center, around which the complex is formed with buildings of different significance (Fig. 2). This layout, in which the  courtyard plays a central role, was quite common in the caravanserais of the region. The caravanserais of Nerkin Talin and the former Atarbekyan village (now Hrazdan city) are among the caravanserais with courtyard in Armenia, such was the caravanserai of the capital Ani, etc. (Harutyunyan 1992, 342, 346-348).

In the works dedicated to the history of the architecture of Azerbaijan, such caravanserais with a rectangular plan and courtyard are divided into two types: urban and road, and the caravanserai of Gharghabazar is classified among the type of road caravanserais (Саламзаде 1964, 63-67).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-scaled.jpg?v=1643998698" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-scaled.jpg?v=1643998698 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-300x200.jpg?v=1643998698 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-1024x683.jpg?v=1643998698 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-768x512.jpg?v=1643998698 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643998698 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643998698 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-370x247.jpg?v=1643998698 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/001-2-272x182.jpg?v=1643998698 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig.  1 The general view of the caravanserai, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig.  1 The general view of the caravanserai, photo by S. Danielyan.

Two long, vaulted halls for animals (Figs. 3, 4)  are situated to the right and left of the caravanserai entrance (Бретаницкий 1966, 279). These halls are half-underground, vaulted, have stables and fireplaces. The arches of the three-arched vestibule (Fig. 5) are horseshoe-shaped and have their direct parallels in the architecture of medieval Artsakh (Metsaran Monastery, Koshik Hermitage). Behind the vestibule there is a spacious hall, next to which there are single-nave vaulted chambers. The central hall and the vaulted chambers are entirely located inside the hill and are not visible from the outside: when approaching the monument, one can see only the three-arched hall and the outer walls of the adjacent chambers (Mkrtchyan 1985, 138). Most of the buildings are externally built of uncut stones, the parlours, chambers and the portal – with polished stones. There is an Armenian commemorative inscription on the pillar of the central arch of the vestibule: “I – Jli Vard, came in the year of 1681…” (CAE 1982, 191).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/006-3.jpg?v=1643998852" width="729" height="968" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/006-3.jpg?v=1643998852 729w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/006-3-226x300.jpg?v=1643998852 226w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/006-3-279x370.jpg?v=1643998852 279w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px" title="Fig. 6 The plan and section of the mosque, from the book Саламзаде А., Архитектура Азербайджана XVI-XIX вв., p. 39." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The plan and section of the mosque, from the book Саламзаде А., Архитектура Азербайджана XVI-XIX вв., p. 39.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-2-768x512.jpg?v=1643998827" width="768" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-2-768x512.jpg?v=1643998827 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-2-300x200.jpg?v=1643998827 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-2-1024x683.jpg?v=1643998827 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-2-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643998827 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-2-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643998827 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-2-370x247.jpg?v=1643998827 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/005-2-272x182.jpg?v=1643998827 272w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 5 The three-arched vestibule, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The three-arched vestibule, photo by S. Danielyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-768x512.jpg?v=1643998926" width="768" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-768x512.jpg?v=1643998926 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-300x200.jpg?v=1643998926 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-1024x683.jpg?v=1643998926 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643998926 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643998926 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-370x247.jpg?v=1643998926 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/008-272x182.jpg?v=1643998926 272w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 8 The southern facade of the mosque, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 8 The southern facade of the mosque, photo by S. Danielyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/009-768x512.jpg?v=1643998965" width="768" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/009-768x512.jpg?v=1643998965 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/009-300x200.jpg?v=1643998965 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/009-1024x683.jpg?v=1643998965 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/009-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643998965 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/009-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643998965 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/009-370x247.jpg?v=1643998965 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/009-272x182.jpg?v=1643998965 272w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 9 The mihrab of the mosque and the interior, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 9 The mihrab of the mosque and the interior, photo by S. Danielyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-2.jpg?v=1643998720" width="370" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-2.jpg?v=1643998720 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-2-217x300.jpg?v=1643998720 217w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/002-2-267x370.jpg?v=1643998720 267w" sizes="(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px" title="Fig. 2 The plan and section of the caravanserai, from the book Усейнов В., История архитектуры Азербайджана, p. 290." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The plan and section of the caravanserai, from the book Усейнов В., История архитектуры Азербайджана, p. 290.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-2-768x512.jpg?v=1643998757" width="768" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-2-768x512.jpg?v=1643998757 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-2-300x200.jpg?v=1643998757 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-2-1024x683.jpg?v=1643998757 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-2-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643998757 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-2-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643998757 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-2-370x247.jpg?v=1643998757 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/003-2-272x182.jpg?v=1643998757 272w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig.  3 The main entrance of the caravanserai, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig.  3 The main entrance of the caravanserai, photo by S. Danielyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-scaled.jpg?v=1643998793" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-scaled.jpg?v=1643998793 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-300x200.jpg?v=1643998793 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-1024x683.jpg?v=1643998793 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-768x512.jpg?v=1643998793 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-1536x1024.jpg?v=1643998793 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-2048x1365.jpg?v=1643998793 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-370x247.jpg?v=1643998793 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/004-4-272x182.jpg?v=1643998793 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 4 The ornamental sculpture above the entrance to the caravanserai, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The ornamental sculpture above the entrance to the caravanserai, photo by S. Danielyan.

The building of a single-nave mosque with a vaulted roof is situated on the top of the hill, it is built of polished gray stone, has rather thick walls and a rectangular composition (Fig. 6), whose main entrance is on the northern side, and the Arabic building inscription is situated just above the entrance (Fig. 7). The mosque has three windows: one on the northern side, just above the inscription, and the other two on the southern facade (Fig. 8). The building has small niches inwardly, and in front of the entrance, in the south, there is a mihrab (Fig. 9). The building of the mosque, with its layout principles, even with its external and internal view, except for the mihrab, reproduces the single-nave, vaulted churches that were widespread in Artsakh in the Late Middle Ages.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-4-scaled.jpg?v=1643998889" width="1707" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-4-scaled.jpg?v=1643998889 1707w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-4-200x300.jpg?v=1643998889 200w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-4-683x1024.jpg?v=1643998889 683w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-4-768x1152.jpg?v=1643998889 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-4-1024x1536.jpg?v=1643998889 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-4-1365x2048.jpg?v=1643998889 1365w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/007-4-247x370.jpg?v=1643998889 247w" sizes="(max-width: 1707px) 100vw, 1707px" title="Fig. 7 The main entrance of the mosque and the inscription, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 7 The main entrance of the mosque and the inscription, photo by S. Danielyan.

The condition before and after the war

The caravanserai building and the mosque have not been damaged during the Artsakh wars. The monument group was not intentionally destroyed or subjected to modifications. We can only state that, based on the dimensions and accomodations of the caravanserai building, grass was stored there, of which the monument was not damaged.

Bibliography

CAE 1982 – Corpus of Armenian Epigraphy, issue 5, Artsakh, Yerevan.

Harutyunyan 1992 – Harutyunyan V., History of Armenian Architecture, Yerevan.

Mkrtchyan 1985 – Mkrtchyan Sh., Historical and architectural monuments of Nagorno Karabakh, Yerevan.

Бретаницкий 1966 – Бретаницкий Л., Зодчество Азербайджана XII-XV вв. и его место в архитектуре Переднего Востока, Москва.

КЭПА 2011 – Корпус эпиграфических памятников Азербайджана, т. V, Баку.

Саламзаде 1964 – Саламзаде А., Архитектура Азербайджана XVI-XIX вв., Баку.

Усейнов 1963 – Усейнов М., История архитектуры Азербайджана, Москва.

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<meta property="og:description" content="Location The caravanserai and the mosque are located in Hadrut region of the Artsakh Republic, and during the Soviet years they used to be within the borders of Gharghabazar village in Fizuli region of the Azerbaijani SSR. As a result of the 2020 hostilities, the area where the monument group is located, has passed under Azerbaijani control. Historical overview Historical data about the monument is quite scarce. The caravanserai is considered to have been built in the 17th century (Усейнов 1963, 291). The mosque, located on the top of the hill, according to the inscription above the entrance, was built by Haji Gias ad-Din in 1683/1684 (КЭПА 2011, 96-97). Architectural-compositional description The caravanserai is located on the western slope of a hill rising in the center of the village. During its construction the nature of the terrain was taken into account: the relief is left unchanged and the structures are adapted to it (Fig. 1). The building of the caravanserai is rectangular in the plan, the courtyard is located in the center, around which the complex is formed with buildings of different significance (Fig. 2). This layout, in which the  courtyard plays a central role, was quite common in the caravanserais of the region. The caravanserais of Nerkin Talin and the former Atarbekyan village (now Hrazdan city) are among the caravanserais with courtyard in Armenia, such was the caravanserai of the capital Ani, etc. (Harutyunyan 1992, 342, 346-348). In the works dedicated to the history of the architecture of Azerbaijan, such caravanserais with a rectangular plan and courtyard are divided into two types: urban and road, and the caravanserai of Gharghabazar is classified among the type of road caravanserais (Саламзаде 1964, 63-67). Two long, vaulted halls for animals (Figs. 3, 4)  are situated to the right and left of the caravanserai entrance (Бретаницкий 1966, 279). These halls are half-underground, vaulted, have stables and fireplaces. The arches of the three-arched vestibule (Fig. 5) are horseshoe-shaped and have their direct parallels in the architecture of medieval Artsakh (Metsaran Monastery, Koshik Hermitage). Behind the vestibule there is a spacious hall, next to which there are single-nave vaulted chambers. The central hall and the vaulted chambers are entirely located inside the hill and are not visible from the outside: when approaching the monument, one can see only the three-arched hall and the outer walls of the adjacent chambers (Mkrtchyan 1985, 138). Most of the buildings are externally built of uncut stones, the parlours, chambers and the portal – with polished stones. There is an Armenian commemorative inscription on the pillar of the central arch of the vestibule: “I – Jli Vard, came in the year of 1681…” (CAE 1982, 191).   The building of a single-nave mosque with a vaulted roof is situated on the top of the hill, it is built of polished gray stone, has rather thick walls and a rectangular composition (Fig. 6), whose main entrance is on the northern side, and the Arabic building inscription is situated just above the entrance (Fig. 7). The mosque has three windows: one on the northern side, just above the inscription, and the other two on the southern facade (Fig. 8). The building has small niches inwardly, and in front of the entrance, in the south, there is a mihrab (Fig. 9). The building of the mosque, with its layout principles, even with its external and internal view, except for the mihrab, reproduces the single-nave, vaulted churches that were widespread in Artsakh in the Late Middle Ages. The condition before and after the war The caravanserai building and the mosque have not been damaged during the Artsakh wars. The monument group was not intentionally destroyed or subjected to modifications. We can only state that, based on the dimensions and accomodations of the caravanserai building, grass was stored there, of which the monument was not damaged." />
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Եղցի (Քիլիսա) գյուղի եկեղեցին

Տեղադրությունը

Եղցի գյուղատեղին գտնվում է Արցախի Նոր Շահումյանի (Քարվաճառ) շրջանում, Տրտու գետի միջին հոսանքի ձախակողմյան ձորակի միջնահովտում, ծովի մակերևույթից 1620 միջին բարձրության վրա, գյուղատեղիի կենտրոնական մասում (նկ․ 1):

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Yeghtsi-church-1.jpg" width="1339" height="398" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Yeghtsi-church-1.jpg 1339w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Yeghtsi-church-1-300x89.jpg 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Yeghtsi-church-1-1024x304.jpg 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Yeghtsi-church-1-768x228.jpg 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Yeghtsi-church-1-370x110.jpg 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1339px) 100vw, 1339px" title="Yeghtsi-church" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Yeghtsi-church

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001-1-1.jpg?v=1646216249" width="2048" height="1365" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001-1-1.jpg?v=1646216249 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001-1-1-300x200.jpg?v=1646216249 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001-1-1-1024x683.jpg?v=1646216249 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001-1-1-768x512.jpg?v=1646216249 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001-1-1-1536x1024.jpg?v=1646216249 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001-1-1-370x247.jpg?v=1646216249 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001-1-1-272x182.jpg?v=1646216249 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" title="նկ. 1 Եղցի (Քիլիսա) գյուղատեղին և եկեղեցին, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 1 Եղցի (Քիլիսա) գյուղատեղին և եկեղեցին, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։

Պատմական ակնարկ

 Գյուղի մասին պատմական տեղեկություններ հայտնի չեն, հայտնի չէ նաև պատմական անունը։ Տեղանունը Եղցի է անվանակոչվել Քարվաճառի վերաազատագրումից հետո։ Ըստ երևույթին, 19-րդ դարավերջին գյուղում հաստատված քրդերը, ելնելով կանգուն պահպանված եկեղեցու առկայությունից, գյուղն անվանել են Քիլիսա։ Դատելով եկեղեցու ճարտարապետական և շինարարական լուծումներից, հավանաբար կառուցվել է 17-րդ դարի սկզբին։

Ճարտարապետական-հորինվածքային նկարագրություն

Եկեղեցին կառուցվել է տեղական կոպտատաշ քարերով և կրաշաղախով (նկ․ 2)։ Թաղակապ ծածկով միանավ բազիլիկ է (արտաքին չափերը՝ 14,15x7,80 մետր)։ Կիսաբոլորակ թաղածածկը հենված է երկու զույգ որմնասյուների և որմնակամարների վրա (նկ․ 3)։ Արևելյան կողմից կիսաշրջանաձև խորանը հյուսիսից ու հարավից ունի ավանդատներ (նկ․ 4)։ Ներսում, հյուսիսային պատում գտնվում մկրտության ավազանախորշը։ Ավանդատներն ունեն ուղղանկյուն հատակագիծ և չունեն լուսամուտներ։ Եկեղեցու սրահի լուսավորությունը լուծվել է արևելքից, հարավից և արևմուտքից բացված թվով չորս փոքրիկ լուսամուտներով։ Միակ մուտքը բացված է հարավից (նկ․ 5)։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-scaled.jpg?v=1646216287" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-scaled.jpg?v=1646216287 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-300x200.jpg?v=1646216287 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-1024x683.jpg?v=1646216287 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-768x512.jpg?v=1646216287 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-1536x1024.jpg?v=1646216287 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-2048x1365.jpg?v=1646216287 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-370x247.jpg?v=1646216287 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-1-1-272x182.jpg?v=1646216287 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="նկ. 2 Եկեղեցին հարավ-արևմուտքից, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 2 Եկեղեցին հարավ-արևմուտքից, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004-1-1-768x512.jpg?v=1646217273" width="768" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004-1-1-768x512.jpg?v=1646217273 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004-1-1-300x200.jpg?v=1646217273 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004-1-1-1024x683.jpg?v=1646217273 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004-1-1-1536x1024.jpg?v=1646217273 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004-1-1-2048x1365.jpg?v=1646217273 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004-1-1-370x247.jpg?v=1646217273 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004-1-1-272x182.jpg?v=1646217273 272w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="նկ. 4 Ներսույթը արևմուտքից, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 4 Ներսույթը արևմուտքից, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։

Եկեղեցու առավել ընդգծված հատվածը շքամուտքն է, որի շրջանակի և բարավորի համար գործածվել են 11-րդ (ձախինը) և 13-րդ (վերինը և աջինը) դարերին վերաբերվող երեք խաչքարեր (նկ․ 6)։ Կողային երկու խաչքարերը կրում են արձանագրություններ։ Կողային ձախ խաչքարի պատվանդանին կարդում ենք․ «Ես՝ Հասան Սակռի որ[դի], կան(գն)եցի ս(ուր)բ նշ/անս բարեխաւս ի(ն)ձ եւ իմ ն(ն)ջեցե(լոցն)» ։

Մյուս խաչքարի ստորին հատվածում թվակիր արձանագրությունն է, որտեղ կարդում ենք․ «Ի թվիս հայոց ՈՂԵ (1246)/ էր, ես՝ Գրիգոր դարբ/ոյն, կա(ն)գնեցի զխաչս / ինձ [եւ ա]մու[սնոյ ի]մոյ (Կարապետյան 2019, 380)։

Ամբողջական և բեկորատված խաչքարեր են օգտագործվել նաև լուսամուտների վերնամասերում և կողերին։ Եկեղեցու շուրջը եղել է գերեզմանատուն, որից գրեթե ոչինչ չի պահպանվել, բացառությամբ հարավային բակում առկա մեկ տապանաքարի։ Մնացյալ գերեզմանային հուշարձանների և խաչքարերի բեկորները տեսանելի են 20-րդ դարի երկրորդ կեսին կառուցված գյուղական տների պատերում և շրջակայքում։

Եկեղեցուց մոտ 20 մ հյուսիս մի ժայռազանգվածի վրա պահպանվել են տասնյակ խաչաքանդակներ (Կարապետյան 2019, 380-384)։

Եկեղեցու հյուսիսային պատը ծածկված է հողով և ձուլված թեք լանջին։ Ծածկը արևմտյան հատվածը մասամբ քանդված է։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-1-1-768x512.jpg?v=1646216363" width="768" height="512" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-1-1-768x512.jpg?v=1646216363 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-1-1-300x200.jpg?v=1646216363 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-1-1-1024x683.jpg?v=1646216363 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-1-1-1536x1024.jpg?v=1646216363 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-1-1-2048x1365.jpg?v=1646216363 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-1-1-370x247.jpg?v=1646216363 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-1-1-272x182.jpg?v=1646216363 272w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="նկ. 3  Ներսույթը արևելքից, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 3  Ներսույթը արևելքից, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005-1-1.jpg?v=1646217297" width="1007" height="739" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005-1-1.jpg?v=1646217297 1007w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005-1-1-300x220.jpg?v=1646217297 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005-1-1-768x564.jpg?v=1646217297 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005-1-1-370x272.jpg?v=1646217297 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1007px) 100vw, 1007px" title="նկ. 5 Եկեղեցու հատակագիծը, չափ․ Ս․ կարապետյանի, 1993 թ․։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 5 Եկեղեցու հատակագիծը, չափ․ Ս․ կարապետյանի, 1993 թ․։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006-1-1-768x1024.jpg?v=1646217367" width="768" height="1024" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006-1-1-768x1024.jpg?v=1646217367 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006-1-1-225x300.jpg?v=1646217367 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006-1-1-1152x1536.jpg?v=1646217367 1152w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006-1-1-278x370.jpg?v=1646217367 278w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006-1-1.jpg?v=1646217367 1372w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="նկ. 6 Եկեղեցու շքամուտքը, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 6 Եկեղեցու շքամուտքը, 2018 թ․, լուս․ Ս․ Դանիելյանի։

Վիճակը պատերազմից առաջ, ընթացքում և հետո

Արցախյան պատերազմների ժամանակ եկեղեցին չի տուժել:

2020 թվականի դեկտեմբերին Նոր Շահումյանի (Քարվաճառ) շրջանի ադրբեջանական օկուպացիայից հետո հուշարձանի մասին տեղեկությունները բացակայում են:

Գրականություն

Կարապետյան 2019- Կարապետյան Ս., Մռավականք, Երևան։

Տեղադրությունը Եղցի գյուղատեղին գտնվում է Արցախի Նոր Շահումյանի (Քարվաճառ) շրջանում, Տրտու գետի միջին հոսանքի ձախակողմյան ձորակի միջնահովտում, ծովի մակերևույթից 1620 միջին բարձրության վրա, գյուղատեղիի կենտրոնական մասում (նկ․ 1): Պատմական ակնարկ  Գյուղի մասին պատմական տեղեկություններ հայտնի չեն, հայտնի չէ նաև պատմական անունը։ Տեղանունը Եղցի է անվանակոչվել Քարվաճառի վերաազատագրումից հետո։ Ըստ երևույթին, 19-րդ դարավերջին գյուղում հաստատված քրդերը, ելնելով կանգուն պահպանված եկեղեցու առկայությունից, գյուղն անվանել են Քիլիսա։ Դատելով եկեղեցու ճարտարապետական և շինարարական լուծումներից, հավանաբար կառուցվել է 17-րդ դարի սկզբին։ Ճարտարապետական-հորինվածքային նկարագրություն Եկեղեցին կառուցվել է տեղական կոպտատաշ քարերով և կրաշաղախով (նկ․ 2)։ Թաղակապ ծածկով միանավ բազիլիկ է (արտաքին չափերը՝ 14,15×7,80 մետր)։ Կիսաբոլորակ թաղածածկը հենված է երկու զույգ որմնասյուների և որմնակամարների վրա (նկ․ 3)։ Արևելյան կողմից կիսաշրջանաձև խորանը հյուսիսից ու հարավից ունի ավանդատներ (նկ․ 4)։ Ներսում, հյուսիսային պատում գտնվում մկրտության ավազանախորշը։ Ավանդատներն ունեն ուղղանկյուն հատակագիծ և չունեն լուսամուտներ։ Եկեղեցու սրահի լուսավորությունը լուծվել է արևելքից, հարավից և արևմուտքից բացված թվով չորս փոքրիկ լուսամուտներով։ Միակ մուտքը բացված է հարավից (նկ․ 5)։ Եկեղեցու առավել ընդգծված հատվածը շքամուտքն է, որի շրջանակի և բարավորի համար գործածվել են 11-րդ (ձախինը) և 13-րդ (վերինը և աջինը) դարերին վերաբերվող երեք խաչքարեր (նկ․ 6)։ Կողային երկու խաչքարերը կրում են արձանագրություններ։ Կողային ձախ խաչքարի պատվանդանին կարդում ենք․ «Ես՝ Հասան Սակռի որ[դի], կան(գն)եցի ս(ուր)բ նշ/անս բարեխաւս ի(ն)ձ եւ իմ ն(ն)ջեցե(լոցն)» ։ Մյուս խաչքարի ստորին հատվածում թվակիր արձանագրությունն է, որտեղ կարդում ենք․ «Ի թվիս հայոց ՈՂԵ (1246)/ էր, ես՝ Գրիգոր դարբ/ոյն, կա(ն)գնեցի զխաչս / ինձ [եւ ա]մու[սնոյ ի]մոյ (Կարապետյան 2019, 380)։ Ամբողջական և բեկորատված խաչքարեր են օգտագործվել նաև լուսամուտների վերնամասերում և կողերին։ Եկեղեցու շուրջը եղել է գերեզմանատուն, որից գրեթե ոչինչ չի պահպանվել, բացառությամբ հարավային բակում առկա մեկ տապանաքարի։ Մնացյալ գերեզմանային հուշարձանների և խաչքարերի բեկորները տեսանելի են 20-րդ դարի երկրորդ կեսին կառուցված գյուղական տների պատերում և շրջակայքում։ Եկեղեցուց մոտ 20 մ հյուսիս մի ժայռազանգվածի վրա պահպանվել են տասնյակ խաչաքանդակներ (Կարապետյան 2019, 380-384)։ Եկեղեցու հյուսիսային պատը ծածկված է հողով և ձուլված թեք լանջին։ Ծածկը արևմտյան հատվածը մասամբ քանդված է։

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