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Location

The mansion of the Melik-Beglaryans is located in the extreme west of Talish village of Martakert region, in front of Horekavank monastery (Fig. 1), in the east-facing and north-facing segments of a forested hillside.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Melik-Beglaryans-fortress-and-apartments-1.jpg?v=1620747192" width="1357" height="1356" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Melik-Beglaryans-fortress-and-apartments-1.jpg?v=1620747192 1357w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Melik-Beglaryans-fortress-and-apartments-1-300x300.jpg?v=1620747192 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Melik-Beglaryans-fortress-and-apartments-1-1024x1024.jpg?v=1620747192 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Melik-Beglaryans-fortress-and-apartments-1-150x150.jpg?v=1620747192 150w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Melik-Beglaryans-fortress-and-apartments-1-768x767.jpg?v=1620747192 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Melik-Beglaryans-fortress-and-apartments-1-370x370.jpg?v=1620747192 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1357px) 100vw, 1357px" title="Melik-Beglaryans-fortress-and-apartments" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/001-13-scaled.jpg?v=1620416735" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/001-13-scaled.jpg?v=1620416735 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/001-13-300x225.jpg?v=1620416735 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/001-13-1024x768.jpg?v=1620416735 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/001-13-768x576.jpg?v=1620416735 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/001-13-1536x1152.jpg?v=1620416735 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/001-13-2048x1536.jpg?v=1620416735 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/001-13-370x278.jpg?v=1620416735 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 1 The general view of Horekavank monastery from the west, 2018, photo by N. Yeranyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The general view of Horekavank monastery from the west, 2018, photo by N. Yeranyan.

Historical overview

The mansion belonged to the Melik-Beglaryans – the rulers of Gulistan canton. Horekavank monastery and the melik cemetery is located nearby (Fig. 2).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-scaled.jpg?v=1620645054" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-scaled.jpg?v=1620645054 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-300x199.jpg?v=1620645054 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-1024x681.jpg?v=1620645054 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-768x511.jpg?v=1620645054 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-1536x1021.jpg?v=1620645054 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-2048x1362.jpg?v=1620645054 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-370x246.jpg?v=1620645054 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/002-272x182.jpg?v=1620645054 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="   Fig. 2 The family cemetery of the Melik-Beglaryans, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

   Fig. 2 The family cemetery of the Melik-Beglaryans, photo by H. Petrosyan.

The ruins of two mansions can be seen on the spot (Fig. 3), the first of which is built in front of the monastery, on the lower plateau of the east-facing hillside, and the second, in front of the first – on the lower slope of the north-facing hill of Horekavank (Ghulyan 2001, 50-51).

The inscription engraved on the front stone of the entrance of the room adjacent to the wall of the northern edge of the first mansion reads: “In memory of Ohan Babu. Meren Melik Tamraz. 1701” (CAI, 1982, 101). That is, the mansion of Melik-Tamraz, built in 1701 (according to A. Ghulyan – in 1727), who is mentioned in historical sources as the melik of Gulistan, presents, gifts, dedicates, leaves the mansion as a memory to paron-ter (lord) Ohan (Ghulyan 2001, 50). As A. Ghulyan notes, sometimes the two monuments were confused and identified, and the building inscription of the first was attributed to the second. And this is because the latter is more obvious in its size, architectural features and state of preservation, and the dated inscription and the name of Melik-Tamraz, who was active in historical events in the early 18th century, are known from the previous one (Ghulyan 2001, 50).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/003-15-scaled.jpg?v=1620416736" width="1652" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/003-15-scaled.jpg?v=1620416736 1652w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/003-15-194x300.jpg?v=1620416736 194w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/003-15-661x1024.jpg?v=1620416736 661w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/003-15-768x1190.jpg?v=1620416736 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/003-15-991x1536.jpg?v=1620416736 991w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/003-15-1321x2048.jpg?v=1620416736 1321w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/003-15-239x370.jpg?v=1620416736 239w" sizes="(max-width: 1652px) 100vw, 1652px" title="Fig. 3 The measurement of the mansion of the Melik-Beglaryans, Ghulyan A., The melik mansions of Artsakh and Syunik, “Gitutyun” Publishing House, Yerevan, 2001, p. 51, Fig. 13." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The measurement of the mansion of the Melik-Beglaryans, Ghulyan A., The melik mansions of Artsakh and Syunik, “Gitutyun” Publishing House, Yerevan, 2001, p. 51, Fig. 13.

The western half of the first mansion is preserved with walls and two towers, as well as the building in the north-western corner (Figs. 4, 5). The ruins of the mansion manifest that in the plan it used to be a building complex with rectangular walls and their corners fortified with towers, with rooms snuggled against the walls and opening to the inner courtyard. The mansion consists of three one-dimensional and vaulted sections adjacent to the defensive wall, an open vestibule and two adjoining rooms. The building lacks any decoration.

          The second mansion is enclosed within a rectangular defensive wall, consisting of a main group of rooms on the southern side and one-line rooms of the northern side adjacent to the defensive wall, in the longitudinal inner courtyard. The gate of the mansion is in the middle of the western wall (Fig. 6).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SKG_4318-scaled-e1620511963333.jpg?v=1620416738" width="2560" height="1696" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SKG_4318-scaled-e1620511963333.jpg?v=1620416738 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SKG_4318-scaled-e1620511963333-300x199.jpg?v=1620416738 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SKG_4318-scaled-e1620511963333-1024x678.jpg?v=1620416738 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SKG_4318-scaled-e1620511963333-768x509.jpg?v=1620416738 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SKG_4318-scaled-e1620511963333-1536x1018.jpg?v=1620416738 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SKG_4318-scaled-e1620511963333-2048x1357.jpg?v=1620416738 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/SKG_4318-scaled-e1620511963333-370x245.jpg?v=1620416738 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 4 The general view of the first mansion, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The general view of the first mansion, photo by S. Danielyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-scaled.jpg?v=1620645053" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-scaled.jpg?v=1620645053 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-300x199.jpg?v=1620645053 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-1024x681.jpg?v=1620645053 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-768x511.jpg?v=1620645053 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-1536x1021.jpg?v=1620645053 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-2048x1362.jpg?v=1620645053 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-370x246.jpg?v=1620645053 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/006-1-272x182.jpg?v=1620645053 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 6 The general view of the second mansion, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The general view of the second mansion, photo by H. Petrosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/005-1-scaled-e1620511898286.jpg?v=1620645053" width="2560" height="1696" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/005-1-scaled-e1620511898286.jpg?v=1620645053 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/005-1-scaled-e1620511898286-300x199.jpg?v=1620645053 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/005-1-scaled-e1620511898286-1024x678.jpg?v=1620645053 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/005-1-scaled-e1620511898286-768x509.jpg?v=1620645053 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/005-1-scaled-e1620511898286-1536x1018.jpg?v=1620645053 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/005-1-scaled-e1620511898286-2048x1357.jpg?v=1620645053 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/005-1-scaled-e1620511898286-370x245.jpg?v=1620645053 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 5 The first mansion, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The first mansion, photo by H. Petrosyan.

The southern wing of the building complex consists of four halls arranged in a row, a hall stretching from the courtyard along their facade and four other rooms built in a double row, covering the width of the hall and rooms.

The main rooms and their adjoining halls formed the main living part of the melik house and were connected by a colonnade to the kitchen with a large fireplace and other ancillary rooms.

In the northern part of the building, in contrast to the southern one, the rooms are one-lined, facing the yard and are relatively poorly preserved (Ghulyan 2001, 50-62).

Defensive issues, as can be seen also from the description of the mansion, were of primary importance in the design and construction of the building complex of the melik mansion.

The condition before, during and after the war

Although the whole complex of the mansion was half-ruined before the war, it was preserved in a relatively holistic view. The frontons of the rooms and partially the vaulted roofs were dilapidated.

As a result of the 44-day war, Talish village, Horekavank and the mansions were occupied. Nothing is known about the fate of the monument during and after the war.

Bibliographic examination

The mansion with all its building complexes has often captured the attention of the travelers and the describers of the history of the region. Raffi was one of the first to describe it, who in his “Travelogues”, referring to Horekavan village, presented the residential center of meliks (Raffi 1987, 420-423). Ye. Lalayan provides detailed information about the history of the Melik Beglaryans, their fortress, mansion and cemetery (Lalayan 1901, 11-58). The version of the inscription presented by Lalayan is also mentioned in the Divan.

We get the earliest evidence of the Melik-Beglaryan kin as well as of the estate from the memoirs of Makar Barkhutaryants. It is important from the point of view of certifying the condition of the mansion in the 19th-20th centuries, clarifying some epigraphic and historical information (Barkhutaryants 1902, 146-147).

A very important and detailed work dedicated to the melik mansions of Artsakh in general and the mansion of the Melik-Beglaryans belongs to A. Ghulyan, whose research and measurements greatly assisted in preparing this brief overview (Ghulyan 2001, 50-62).

Bibliography

Barkhutaryans 1902 – Barkhutaryants M., The History of the Country of Albania, Printing House of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Vagharshapat.

CAI 1982 – Corpus of Armenian Inscriptions, Release V, Artsakh, Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, Yerevan.

Lalayan 1901 – Lalayan Ye., “Gandzak canton” (Reprinted from “Ethnographic magazine”), vol. 1, Printing House of K. Martirosyants, Tiflis.

Ghulyan 2001 – Ghulyan A., The melik mansions of Artsakh and Syunik, “Gitutyun” Publishing House, Yerevan.

Raffi 1987 – Raffi, Collection of Works, vol. 9, Soviet writer, Yerevan.

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Location

The mansion is located in the central part of Togh village of Hadrut region.

 Historical overview

According to the inscription engraved on the entire facade of the second floor portal of the presence chamber of the mansion, the latter was built in 1737 by the founder of the Dizak melikdom Melik Yegan – one of the most prominent figures in the Armenian political life in the first half of the 18th century (Fig. 1). The inscription also provides detailed information about the political events of the time and the activities of Melik Yegan, as well as the melik rights granted to him (Papazyan 1985, 76-77).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Melik-Yegan-1.jpg?v=1620751744" width="1350" height="1351" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Melik-Yegan-1.jpg?v=1620751744 1350w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Melik-Yegan-1-300x300.jpg?v=1620751744 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Melik-Yegan-1-1024x1024.jpg?v=1620751744 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Melik-Yegan-1-150x150.jpg?v=1620751744 150w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Melik-Yegan-1-768x769.jpg?v=1620751744 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Melik-Yegan-1-370x370.jpg?v=1620751744 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px" title="Melik-Yegan" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-10-scaled.jpg?v=1620416768" width="1707" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-10-scaled.jpg?v=1620416768 1707w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-10-200x300.jpg?v=1620416768 200w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-10-683x1024.jpg?v=1620416768 683w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-10-768x1152.jpg?v=1620416768 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-10-1024x1536.jpg?v=1620416768 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-10-1365x2048.jpg?v=1620416768 1365w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-10-247x370.jpg?v=1620416768 247w" sizes="(max-width: 1707px) 100vw, 1707px" title="Fig. 1 The inccription of the presence chamber of Melik Yegan, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The inccription of the presence chamber of Melik Yegan, photo by S. Danielyan.

Architectural-compositional description

The melik mansion of Togh is one of the earliest structures among analogous monuments in Artsakh.

Among the buildings included within the original design of the mansion, the main entrance, two vaulted rooms, a two-storey presence chamber, the main room, a stable, other adjacent rooms of economic significance and some parts of the surrounding wall of the mansion have been preserved (Fig. 2).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-12.jpg?v=1620416950" width="1861" height="1301" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-12.jpg?v=1620416950 1861w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-12-300x210.jpg?v=1620416950 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-12-1024x716.jpg?v=1620416950 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-12-768x537.jpg?v=1620416950 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-12-1536x1074.jpg?v=1620416950 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-12-370x259.jpg?v=1620416950 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1861px) 100vw, 1861px" title="Fig. 2 The measurement-reconstruction of the melik mansion of Togh, Ghulyan A., The melik mansions of Artsakh and Syunik, “Gitutyun” Publishing House, Yerevan, 2001, p. 31, Fig.  6." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The measurement-reconstruction of the melik mansion of Togh, Ghulyan A., The melik mansions of Artsakh and Syunik, “Gitutyun” Publishing House, Yerevan, 2001, p. 31, Fig.  6.

From the research point of view, the presence chamber is specifically of great value, which is unique not only in its multi-content building inscription and the mentioning of the nature of the building (“tanapa” – guest-hall-presence chamber), but also in its composition. It is a hall with a slightly skewed rectangular plan and a vaulted, gable roof. The continuation of the hall is the vaulted vestibule added later, with the already mentioned extensive inscription (Fig. 3).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-scaled.jpg?v=1620416952" width="2560" height="1714" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-scaled.jpg?v=1620416952 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-300x201.jpg?v=1620416952 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-1024x685.jpg?v=1620416952 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-768x514.jpg?v=1620416952 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-1536x1028.jpg?v=1620416952 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-2048x1371.jpg?v=1620416952 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-370x248.jpg?v=1620416952 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-13-272x182.jpg?v=1620416952 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 3 The inscription of the portal of the presence chamber of Melik Yegan, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The inscription of the portal of the presence chamber of Melik Yegan, photo by S. Danielyan.

The territory of the monument was subjected to archaeological research in 2009-2011, as a result of which various half-ruined and complete structures were certified, including a hall of the glkhatoun (main hall), a stable, some structures of economic significance, as well as valuable archaeological materials, including various plain, glazed and faience vessels and lamps, metal objects, etc. (Zhamkochyan, Babayan 2015, 152-162). These materials, although not in large quantities, provide important information about the craft products and livelihoods of the population of the region (Figs. 4-5).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-11.jpg?v=1620416953" width="1860" height="1859" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-11.jpg?v=1620416953 1860w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-11-300x300.jpg?v=1620416953 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-11-1024x1024.jpg?v=1620416953 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-11-150x150.jpg?v=1620416953 150w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-11-768x768.jpg?v=1620416953 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-11-1536x1536.jpg?v=1620416953 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-11-370x370.jpg?v=1620416953 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1860px) 100vw, 1860px" title="Fig. 4 Artefacts from the excavations of the melik mansion, the 2011 report of the Togh archaeological expedition." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 Artefacts from the excavations of the melik mansion, the 2011 report of the Togh archaeological expedition.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-11.jpg?v=1620416954" width="1609" height="1541" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-11.jpg?v=1620416954 1609w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-11-300x287.jpg?v=1620416954 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-11-1024x981.jpg?v=1620416954 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-11-768x736.jpg?v=1620416954 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-11-1536x1471.jpg?v=1620416954 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-11-370x354.jpg?v=1620416954 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1609px) 100vw, 1609px" title="Fig. 5 Artefacts from the excavations of the melik mansion, the 2011 report of the Togh archaeological expedition." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 Artefacts from the excavations of the melik mansion, the 2011 report of the Togh archaeological expedition.

After the excavations, the mansion was partially restored and reinforced, as well as included in the “Melik Mansion of Togh” state historical and cultural reserve, a museum was opened too (Fig. 6).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-7-scaled.jpg?v=1620416955" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-7-scaled.jpg?v=1620416955 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-7-300x225.jpg?v=1620416955 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-7-1024x768.jpg?v=1620416955 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-7-768x576.jpg?v=1620416955 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-7-1536x1152.jpg?v=1620416955 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-7-2048x1536.jpg?v=1620416955 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-7-370x278.jpg?v=1620416955 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 6 The aerial photo of the Melik Mansion Reserve of Togh, 2017, photo by A. Mkrtchyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The aerial photo of the Melik Mansion Reserve of Togh, 2017, photo by A. Mkrtchyan.

The condition before, during and after the war

Before the war, a part of the monument buildings were especially restored in recent years, and another part was in a dilapidated but reinforced condition. The presence chamber which was turned into a museum had been completely restored. During the war, after the population had left the village, all the exhibits remained in the museum. Judging by the spread videos, the view of the monument was not damaged during and after the war.

Bibliographic examination

We get the first written information about the mansion from Archbishop Sargis Jalalyants (Jalalyants 1858, 259-260), who visited here in the mid-19th century, and from Bishop Makar Barkhudaryants (Barkhutaryants, 1895, 77-84) at the end of the same century. H. Papazyan’s article entitled “The epigraphic inscription of the entrance of the presence chamber of Melik Yegan” (Papazyan 1985, 75-78) is very valuable for clarifying the period of construction of the mansion, the historical environment, as well as for elucidation of some functional issues, and the examination of architectural peculiarities is presented in detail in the studies by A. Ghulyan and M. Sargsyan (Ghulyan 2001, 30-35, Sargsyan, 1987, 132-140). Archaeological excavations are summarized in the article “The main results of the excavations of the mansion of Melik Yegan in Togh” by A. Zhamkochyan and F. Babayan (Zhamkochyan, Babayan 2015, 152-178).

Bibliography

Zhamkochyan, Babayan 2015 – Zhamkochyan A., Babayan F., The main results of the excavations of Melik Yegan’s mansion in Togh, Archaeological studies in Artsakh in 2011-2012, Dizak Plus, Stepanakert, pp. 152-177.

Ghulyan 2001 – Ghulyan A., The melik mansions of Artsakh and Syunik, Yerevan.

Barkhutaryants 1895 – Makar Barkhutaryants, Artsakh, Baku.

Jalalyants 1858 – Journey to Armenia Major, with diligence of Friar Sargis Sanahnetsi Jalalyants – the Armenian Diocesan Archbishop of Georgia, Imereti and elsewhere, Part 2, Tiflis.

Archbishop Sargis Jalalyants, Journey to Armenia Major, Parts 1 and 2, with diligence of Samvel Grigoryan, Yerevan, 2016.

Sargsyan 1987 – Sargsyan M., Melik residential complex in Togh borough, Historical-Philological Journal, Issue 3, pp. 132-140.

Papazyan 1985 – Papazyan H., The epigraphic inscription of the portal of the presence chamber of Melik Yegan, Herald of Social Sciences, No. 5, pp. 75-78.

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						<img width="733" height="960" src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/181527137_10218433625902586_1667164940437565489_n.jpg?v=1620416714" class="sow-slider-background-image skip-lazy" alt="" decoding="async" style="" loading="eager" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/181527137_10218433625902586_1667164940437565489_n.jpg?v=1620416714 733w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/181527137_10218433625902586_1667164940437565489_n-229x300.jpg?v=1620416714 229w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/181527137_10218433625902586_1667164940437565489_n-283x370.jpg?v=1620416714 283w" sizes="(max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px" />

Location

Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi is located in the central part of the city, 1378 m above the Karkar valley. Thanks to its elevated location, it dominates the entire plateau (Figs. 1, 2).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ghazanchetsots-1.jpg?v=1620907545" width="1358" height="1358" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ghazanchetsots-1.jpg?v=1620907545 1358w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ghazanchetsots-1-300x300.jpg?v=1620907545 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ghazanchetsots-1-1024x1024.jpg?v=1620907545 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ghazanchetsots-1-150x150.jpg?v=1620907545 150w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ghazanchetsots-1-768x768.jpg?v=1620907545 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ghazanchetsots-1-370x370.jpg?v=1620907545 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1358px) 100vw, 1358px" title="Ghazanchetsots" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-6-1-scaled.jpg?v=1620416891" width="2560" height="1669" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-6-1-scaled.jpg?v=1620416891 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-6-1-300x196.jpg?v=1620416891 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-6-1-1024x668.jpg?v=1620416891 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-6-1-768x501.jpg?v=1620416891 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-6-1-1536x1002.jpg?v=1620416891 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-6-1-2048x1335.jpg?v=1620416891 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/001-6-1-370x241.jpg?v=1620416891 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 1 The south-western, Armenian segment of Shushi and the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church (1911). Photo by Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ., by the book published in 1997. " alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The south-western, Armenian segment of Shushi and the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church (1911). Photo by Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ., by the book published in 1997.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-scaled.jpg?v=1620416892" width="2560" height="1703" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-scaled.jpg?v=1620416892 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-300x200.jpg?v=1620416892 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-1024x681.jpg?v=1620416892 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-768x511.jpg?v=1620416892 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-1536x1022.jpg?v=1620416892 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-2048x1363.jpg?v=1620416892 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-370x246.jpg?v=1620416892 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/002-6-272x182.jpg?v=1620416892 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 2 The Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi in the city panorama before the 2020 war. Photo by Hrayr Baze." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi in the city panorama before the 2020 war. Photo by Hrayr Baze.

Historical overview

Mesrop Taghiadyan reports on the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi after visiting Shushi in the spring of 1821. According to that evidence, the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi previously used to be wooden. He mentions that the existing wooden churches were replaced by stonebuilt structures (Taghiadyan 1847, 226). The National Archives of the Republic of Armenia preserves an extensive material on the history of this church (HAA, f. 56, l. 1, cs. 2145). The time of construction of the Ghazanchetsots stone church on the place of the wooden structure is unknown. However, the stone church built in 1847 was already in a state of disrepair. According to the mentioned materials, it was a three-nave domed basilica covered with stone slabs or tiles. In the same year, Metropolitan Baghdasar began correspondence with the Synod of Etchmiadzin to obtain permission to renovate the church. During the four-year correspondence it is decided to build a new church on the previous site. But it takes decades for the idea to materialize. During this time the belfry of the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church was built.

The idea of building a new church became relevant again in 1867. The architectural inspector of the city was asked to make a plan, a facade and a cost estimate of the church (HAA, f. 56, l. 1, cs. 3618). Believers and clergy expressed a desire for the church to be built on the example of the medieval Ani Cathedral, but the project presented had a different design. A number of remarks were made when approved by the superior inspectorate. The project was amended for a long time and approved in 1868. The lack of graphic documentation does not enable us to find out to what extent the temple is built in accordance with the design proposals. It becomes obvious that the Holy All Savior was built according to the plan. The inscription opened during the renovation in 1982 mentions the names of the architect who built the monument – Simeon Ter-Hakobyants, and master Avetis Yaramishyants (Mkrtchyan 1985, 223) (Fig. 3).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-7-1.jpg?v=1620416894" width="2020" height="1917" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-7-1.jpg?v=1620416894 2020w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-7-1-300x285.jpg?v=1620416894 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-7-1-1024x972.jpg?v=1620416894 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-7-1-768x729.jpg?v=1620416894 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-7-1-1536x1458.jpg?v=1620416894 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/003-7-1-370x351.jpg?v=1620416894 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2020px) 100vw, 2020px" title="Fig. 3 The inscription engraved at the lower part of the stage bema of the church with the names of the master builder and architect. " alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The inscription engraved at the lower part of the stage bema of the church with the names of the master builder and architect.

The epigraph placed at the top of the southern portal also mentions that the temple was built with the donations of the parishioners of Shushi: the construction began in 1868 and was completed in 1887 (“Thanks to and by the mercy of Almighty God, this magnificent holy temple was built by the tributes and scots of the pious people of the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi, whose construction launched in 1868 – in the days of the kingship of the God-empowered Sovereign Great Emperor of All Russians – Alexander II and under the Patriarchate of Gevorg IV, was completed in 1887 – in the year of the kingship of His Son, Blessed Emperor Alexander III and in the Catholicosate of Markar I in September 20, 1888” Barkhutaryants, 1895, 138), (Fig. 4).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-6.jpg?v=1620416895" width="1569" height="1103" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-6.jpg?v=1620416895 1569w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-6-300x211.jpg?v=1620416895 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-6-1024x720.jpg?v=1620416895 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-6-768x540.jpg?v=1620416895 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-6-1536x1080.jpg?v=1620416895 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/004-6-370x260.jpg?v=1620416895 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1569px) 100vw, 1569px" title="Fig. 4 The building inscription placed on the southern facade of the church.  " alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The building inscription placed on the southern facade of the church.

Architectural-compositional examination

The complex of the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church is the architectural dominant of Shushi city. The church and the belfry are built of finely hewn white limestone.

The Holy All Savior has impressive dimensions (34.7x27x42 m) and is one of the largest Armenian churches. The four facades of the church with a rectangular plan have externally accentuated apses, which convey cruciformity to the structure (Fig. 5).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-7-scaled.jpg?v=1620416897" width="1235" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-7-scaled.jpg?v=1620416897 1235w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-7-145x300.jpg?v=1620416897 145w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-7-494x1024.jpg?v=1620416897 494w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-7-768x1592.jpg?v=1620416897 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-7-741x1536.jpg?v=1620416897 741w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-7-988x2048.jpg?v=1620416897 988w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/005-7-178x370.jpg?v=1620416897 178w" sizes="(max-width: 1235px) 100vw, 1235px" title="Fig. 5 The southern facade and plan of the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi. Photo by Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ. 1997." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The southern facade and plan of the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi. Photo by Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ. 1997.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-scaled.jpg?v=1620416898" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-scaled.jpg?v=1620416898 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-300x200.jpg?v=1620416898 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-1024x683.jpg?v=1620416898 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-768x512.jpg?v=1620416898 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-1536x1024.jpg?v=1620416898 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-2048x1365.jpg?v=1620416898 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-370x247.jpg?v=1620416898 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/006-5-272x182.jpg?v=1620416898 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 6 The pediment of the southern vestibule with a bas-relief included within a frame, photo by H. Petrosyan. " alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The pediment of the southern vestibule with a bas-relief included within a frame, photo by H. Petrosyan.

There are bas-reliefs on the pediments. In the center of the prayer hall, the dome rises on four thick pillars. With its general volumetric solution, the Holy All Savior received a cross-domed composition reminiscent of the Mother Cathedral of Etchmiadzin.

The church has three portals that open to the west, south and north. In front of them three-arched semicircle, inwardly and externally multi-faceted nartex-vestibules are built. Originally, there used to be five arches, but the two lateral ones were later lined and closed (perhaps, due to functional purposes). Their existence is one of the features of the Holy All Savior Church of Shushi. Small cruciform windows are opened at the top of the vestibules. The upper parts of the doors are decorated with bas-reliefs included within the frame (Fig. 6).

The external decoration of the church is represented by numerous decorative zones, dimensional portals, window edgings, ornamented arches of doors and windows. Wide and high windows convey upsurge to the volume and abundance of light to the interior.

The dome of the church is also slender, the drum facets are designed in vertical symmetries, with inlined window-niches. The drum is crowned with a fan-shaped spire (Fig. 7). There are numerous Armenian inscriptions on the walls of the church.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-scaled.jpg?v=1620416900" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-scaled.jpg?v=1620416900 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-300x200.jpg?v=1620416900 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-1024x683.jpg?v=1620416900 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-768x512.jpg?v=1620416900 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-1536x1024.jpg?v=1620416900 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-2048x1365.jpg?v=1620416900 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-370x247.jpg?v=1620416900 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/007-3-272x182.jpg?v=1620416900 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 7 The dome of the Holy All Savior Church of Shushi." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 7 The dome of the Holy All Savior Church of Shushi.

A three-storey belfry is located a little far away, on the western side of the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church. The cube-shaped volume of the first floor is accentuated by an east-west axis with a transversal arched opening. In the corners of the upper part of this floor there are four statues of angels blowing trumpets. The faceted walls of the second and third floor of the belfry are joined by wide arched openings. The third floor of the belfry, as in case of a church, is crowned with a fan-shaped spire. The embellished belt of the belfry is performed with an outstanding craftsmanship. We learn from the extensive inscription on the eastern wall of the building that it was built by Abraham Khandamiryants from Shushi in memory of Gabriel Hovsepyan-Batiryants, who originated from Ghazan and pilgrim Mkrtich Margaryan-Khandamiryants, his wife Balasan, sons of Arup and Stepan, as well as all residents of Ghazan. The date of construction is mentioned at the upper part of the southern wall of the belfry: the summer of 1858 (Мкртчян, 1989, 184). It is not difficult to notice from this inscription that the belfry had been built earlier than the temple of Holy All Savior (1868) and that the old church mentioned by Mesrop Taghiadyan, built in the 18th century, used to stand here instead of the current Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church. This is the reason why the belfry stands separately (it is generally accepted that the belfry is built after the church and it is mainly attached to the latter).

The condition before and after the war

The church was closed during the Soviet era. In the 1940s, it was used as a grain warehouse. During the 1950s, the statues of angels at the church entrance were damaged and the dome was destroyed. The Azeris living in the city tore down the hewn roof slabs and the stones of the upper row of the facades and built houses (Fig. 8).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/008-2-scaled.jpg?v=1620416901" width="2560" height="1957" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/008-2-scaled.jpg?v=1620416901 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/008-2-300x229.jpg?v=1620416901 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/008-2-1024x783.jpg?v=1620416901 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/008-2-768x587.jpg?v=1620416901 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/008-2-1536x1174.jpg?v=1620416901 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/008-2-2048x1566.jpg?v=1620416901 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/008-2-370x283.jpg?v=1620416901 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 8 The view of Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church in Shushi from the southwest (1972). Photo by the page of the book by Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ., 1997." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 8 The view of Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church in Shushi from the southwest (1972). Photo by the page of the book by Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ., 1997.

In the late 1960s, the church was turned into a parking lot for agricultural machinery. A decade later, barbaric and deliberate explosions and fires were organised inside the church, the epigraphs were effaced. All this has always provoked the protest of the Armenian population. In 1982, the restoration of the Church of All Savior began, which was not going smoothly. According to the restoration master Volodya Babayan, the high leadership of Azerbaijan was hindering the construction of the dome. They realized that after that the church would become dominant not only over Shushi, but also in the vast Karkar valley  (Мкртчян, Давтян 1997, 121).

During the first Artsakh war, the Azerbaijanis converted the church into a military depot (Fig. 9). After the liberation of Shushi, the restoration of the destroyed dome and the whole complex was completed in 1998 (Fig. 10).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/009.jpg?v=1620416903" width="2137" height="2529" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/009.jpg?v=1620416903 2137w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/009-253x300.jpg?v=1620416903 253w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/009-865x1024.jpg?v=1620416903 865w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/009-768x909.jpg?v=1620416903 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/009-1298x1536.jpg?v=1620416903 1298w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/009-1731x2048.jpg?v=1620416903 1731w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/009-313x370.jpg?v=1620416903 313w" sizes="(max-width: 2137px) 100vw, 2137px" title="Fig. 9 The view of the church during the first Artsakh war, immediately after the liberation of Shushi. Photo by the page of the book by Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ., 1997." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 9 The view of the church during the first Artsakh war, immediately after the liberation of Shushi. Photo by the page of the book by Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ., 1997.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-scaled.jpg?v=1620416905" width="2560" height="1707" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-scaled.jpg?v=1620416905 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-300x200.jpg?v=1620416905 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-1024x683.jpg?v=1620416905 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-768x512.jpg?v=1620416905 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-1536x1024.jpg?v=1620416905 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-2048x1365.jpg?v=1620416905 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-370x247.jpg?v=1620416905 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/010-272x182.jpg?v=1620416905 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 10 The general view of the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi and the belfry from the south-west (after the restoration in 1998), photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 10 The general view of the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi and the belfry from the south-west (after the restoration in 1998), photo by H. Petrosyan.

On October 8, 2020, the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church was targeted by the enemy: it was rocketed, the dome of the church and the roofs of the cross-wings were damaged (Fig. 11). The prayer hall of the church was completely filled with construction debris. Today, after passing to the Azerbaijani side, the waste was cleared. The current state of the church is unknown.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/011.jpg?v=1620416906" width="680" height="511" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/011.jpg?v=1620416906 680w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/011-300x225.jpg?v=1620416906 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/011-370x278.jpg?v=1620416906 370w" sizes="(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px" title="Fig. 11 The condition of the church after the October 8, 2020 missile attack. Photo source: meganewes.am/assets/uploads/ 7vu8puzzo7ftn596c1mz1605464215." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 11 The condition of the church after the October 8, 2020 missile attack. Photo source: meganewes.am/assets/uploads/ 7vu8puzzo7ftn596c1mz1605464215.

Bibliographic examination

In the Soviet period publications on the history and architecture of Shushi city, the Armenian authors (Harutyunyan V., Hasratyan M., Mkrtchyan Sh., Ulubabyan B., et al.) presented in detail the religious structures and the Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church in Shushi. The Azerbaijani authors did not touch on this topic. Their works mainly present the fortification, urban planning, mosques, dwelling houses of Shushi, (Avalov E., Fatulla Sh.). The plan and volumetric-spatial professional examination of the church is fulfilled in a booklet authored by Manvel Sargsyan on the history of urban development of Shushi.

Bibliography

Hasratyan 1992 – Hasratyan M., Artsakh School of Armenian Architecture, Publishing House of the NAS RA Academy of Sciences, Yerevan.

Harutyunyan 1992 – Harutyunyan V., History of Armenian Architecture, “Luys” State Publishing House, Yerevan.

Barkhutaryants 1895 – Episcope Makar Barkhutaryants, “Artsakh”, “Aror”, Baku.

Taghiadyan 1847 – Taghiadyan M., Journey to Armenia, Calcutta.

Mkrtchyan 1985 – Mkrtchyan Sh., Historical and architectural monuments of Nagorno Karabakh, “Armenia”, Yerevan.

Авалов Э., Архитектура города Шуши, «Элм», Баку 1977.

Саркисян М., Из истории градостроительства Шуши, Армянский Центр стратегических и национальных исследований, Ереван, 1996.

Мкртчян 1989 – Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха /второе издание/, «Парберакан», Ереван.

Мкртчян, Давтян 1997 – Мкртчян Ш., Давтян Щ., Шуши, Город трагической судьбы, «Амарас», Ереван.

Фатуллаев Ш., Памятники Шуши, Баку, 1970.

 NAA, f. 56, l. 1, cs. 3618.

NAA, f. 56, l. 1, cs. 2145.

Matenadaran, Central shelf, file 123, doc. 345, l. 15-18, handwritten, original text.

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<meta property="og:description" content="Location Holy All Savior Ghazanchetsots Church of Shushi is located in the central part of the city, 1378 m above the Karkar valley. Thanks to its elevated location, it dominates the entire plateau (Figs. 1, 2)." />
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