Location

The two Islamic mausoleums (Fig. 1) are located in Artsakh's Qashatagh region, not far from Tsakhaberd village. During the Soviet period, they were part of the Jijimli administrative border of Soviet Azerbaijan's Lachin region. According to Samvel Karapetyan, a medieval architecture expert, the name Jijimli refers to two villages, and the mausoleums are located in upper or great Jijimli.

The village of upper or great Jijimli, according to monument expert Samvel Karapetyan, corresponds to the historical settlement of Vanotsa, mentioned by historian Stepanos Orbelyan, which was emptied of Armenians in the second half of the 18th century (Karapetyan 1999, 184-185).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Vanotsa.jpg?v=1653073649" width="1353" height="420" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Vanotsa.jpg?v=1653073649 1353w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Vanotsa-300x93.jpg?v=1653073649 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Vanotsa-1024x318.jpg?v=1653073649 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Vanotsa-768x238.jpg?v=1653073649 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Vanotsa-370x115.jpg?v=1653073649 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1353px) 100vw, 1353px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-scaled.jpg?v=1652951491" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-scaled.jpg?v=1652951491 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-300x199.jpg?v=1652951491 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-1024x681.jpg?v=1652951491 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-768x511.jpg?v=1652951491 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-1536x1021.jpg?v=1652951491 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-2048x1362.jpg?v=1652951491 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-370x246.jpg?v=1652951491 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-2-272x182.jpg?v=1652951491 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 1 The General View of the Mausoleums; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The General View of the Mausoleums; photo by H. Petrosyan.

Historical overview

There is no historical information regarding the mausoleums. Even their historical dating is approximate and differs amongst authors' works. The octagonal, tomb-shaped mausoleum is considered to have been built in the 14th–16th centuries, while the church-like mausoleum is likely to have been built in the 13th–14th centuries.

Architectural-compositional examination

Numerous researchers drew attention to the mausoleums because of their architectural style and appearance. The first mausoleum is octagonal in shape (Fig. 2) and size (Fig. 3). The sides of the external facade are somewhat circular in shape and reflect the size of the triangular prism (Fig.4). The structure is completed by a cone-shaped dome. It's constructed of rough-polished stones. The only entry is on the north side, and the lintel depicts a stylized lion. There are also pictures on both sides of the entrance. On the upper half of the entrance, a stylized bull's head is depicted. A stylized Arabic inscription appears at the bottom of one of the paintings. According to Hakob Simonyan's article on tombs, it was written "Yusuf" (Simonyan 2001, 95).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-2.jpg?v=1652987731" width="603" height="751" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-2.jpg?v=1652987731 603w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-2-241x300.jpg?v=1652987731 241w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-2-297x370.jpg?v=1652987731 297w" sizes="(max-width: 603px) 100vw, 603px" title="Fig. 2 The architectural plan of the first mausoleum, S. Karapetyan, The Muslim monuments of the Armenian architecture of Artsakh, Yerevan, 2010, p. 15." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The architectural plan of the first mausoleum, S. Karapetyan, The Muslim monuments of the Armenian architecture of Artsakh, Yerevan, 2010, p. 15.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-scaled.jpg?v=1652952054" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-scaled.jpg?v=1652952054 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-300x199.jpg?v=1652952054 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-1024x681.jpg?v=1652952054 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-768x511.jpg?v=1652952054 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-1536x1021.jpg?v=1652952054 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-2048x1362.jpg?v=1652952054 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-370x246.jpg?v=1652952054 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-2-272x182.jpg?v=1652952054 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 4 The external volumes of the first mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The external volumes of the first mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-scaled.jpg?v=1652952608" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-scaled.jpg?v=1652952608 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-300x199.jpg?v=1652952608 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-1024x681.jpg?v=1652952608 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-768x511.jpg?v=1652952608 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-1536x1021.jpg?v=1652952608 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-2048x1362.jpg?v=1652952608 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-370x246.jpg?v=1652952608 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/006-1-272x182.jpg?v=1652952608 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 6 The inner part of the first mausoleum's dome; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The inner part of the first mausoleum's dome; photo by H. Petrosyan.

The second tomb is cross-shaped (Fig. 8), quadrangular on the outside, and has a circular drum (Fig. 9). The drum is notable for its arches on a pair of attached columns (Fig. 10). Pendentives lead from the tomb to the dome (Fig. 11). The entrance is to the north. The mihrab in the south is quite modest. All of the academics and historians who referred to the second mausoleum noticed a clear connection with Armenian-Georgian architecture or, more neutrally, with the Christian architecture of the South Caucasus. Furthermore, the second mausoleum was frequently compared to the two-story church-tombs that were widespread in Armenia and Georgia in the 13th–14th centuries. They were compared to the churches of St. Astvatsatsin in Yeghvard and Noravank, and others. The experts presented the mausoleum's appearance as a unique fusion of Muslim and Christian architectural styles, highlighting the issue of Seljuk art (Bretanitsky 1966, 130, Mammadov 1976, 41-44, Useinov, Bretanitsky, Salamzadeh 1963, 97-101, 168-170). It is worth noting that no researcher has ruled out a direct their connection with small Armenian churches and chapels. There was also a suggestion that the second mausoleum, in particular, may have been constructed by Armenian masters. (Shcheblykin 1943, 85-87).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-scaled.jpg?v=1652951897" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-scaled.jpg?v=1652951897 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-300x199.jpg?v=1652951897 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-1024x681.jpg?v=1652951897 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-768x511.jpg?v=1652951897 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-1536x1021.jpg?v=1652951897 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-2048x1362.jpg?v=1652951897 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-370x246.jpg?v=1652951897 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-2-272x182.jpg?v=1652951897 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 3 The general view of the first mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The general view of the first mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-2-1024x681.jpg?v=1652952413" width="1024" height="681" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-2-1024x681.jpg?v=1652952413 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-2-300x199.jpg?v=1652952413 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-2-768x511.jpg?v=1652952413 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-2-1536x1021.jpg?v=1652952413 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-2-2048x1362.jpg?v=1652952413 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-2-370x246.jpg?v=1652952413 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-2-272x182.jpg?v=1652952413 272w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" title="Fig. 5 The entry of the first mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The entry of the first mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan.

Architect A. Salamzade characterizes it as an octagonal mausoleum with no evident tower-shaped construction. This type of tomb is distinguished by its tent-like appearance, which originates from the urge to embody the traditional moveable dwellings of nomadic tribes with stone (Bretanitsky 1966, 128–130). The tomb's lower octagonal part is substantially larger than the narrowing upper octagonal section, which narrows and serves as the basis for a small ridged dome (Fig. 6).

The mausoleum is lighted by small, narrowing windows towards the top. Drawing attention to this, as well as a number of other features of the tomb, Mammadov found a clear connection with the nomadic tent and its structural components (Mamedov 1976, 40-42). The same explanation may be found in mausoleum’s sculptures, where representations of the sun, bulls, and other animals are identified as symbols of nomadic culture. According to the same researcher (Mamedov 1976, 39-40), the first tomb's mihrab (Fig. 7) has a striking resemblance to the chancel parts of some Christian constructions in the Caucasus.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/007-1-scaled.jpg?v=1652952737" width="1702" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/007-1-scaled.jpg?v=1652952737 1702w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/007-1-199x300.jpg?v=1652952737 199w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/007-1-681x1024.jpg?v=1652952737 681w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/007-1-768x1155.jpg?v=1652952737 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/007-1-1021x1536.jpg?v=1652952737 1021w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/007-1-1362x2048.jpg?v=1652952737 1362w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/007-1-246x370.jpg?v=1652952737 246w" sizes="(max-width: 1702px) 100vw, 1702px" title="Fig. 7 The first mausoleum's mihrab; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 7 The first mausoleum's mihrab; photo by H. Petrosyan.

Researchers studying the architecture of Muslim mausoleums frequently mention the absence of burials in such mausoleums. This issue also exists in both Vanotsa mausoleums, where burials associated with tomb construction are not documented (Bretanitsky 1966, 98, Mammadov 1976, 40, 45-46).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/008-2-e1652987852222-300x200.jpg?v=1652987781" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/008-2-e1652987852222-300x200.jpg?v=1652987781 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/008-2-e1652987852222-768x513.jpg?v=1652987781 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/008-2-e1652987852222-370x247.jpg?v=1652987781 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/008-2-e1652987852222-272x182.jpg?v=1652987781 272w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/008-2-e1652987852222.jpg?v=1652987781 1019w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" title="Fig. 8 The architectural plan of the second mausoleum, S. Karapetyan, The Muslim Monuments of the Armenian Architecture of Artsakh, Yerevan, 2010, page 13." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 8 The architectural plan of the second mausoleum, S. Karapetyan, The Muslim Monuments of the Armenian Architecture of Artsakh, Yerevan, 2010, page 13.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/009-1-300x199.jpg?v=1652953007" width="300" height="199" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/009-1-300x199.jpg?v=1652953007 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/009-1-1024x681.jpg?v=1652953007 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/009-1-768x511.jpg?v=1652953007 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/009-1-1536x1021.jpg?v=1652953007 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/009-1-2048x1362.jpg?v=1652953007 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/009-1-370x246.jpg?v=1652953007 370w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" title="Fig. 9 The general view of the second mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 9 The general view of the second mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/010-300x199.jpg?v=1652956118" width="300" height="199" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/010-300x199.jpg?v=1652956118 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/010-1024x681.jpg?v=1652956118 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/010-768x511.jpg?v=1652956118 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/010-1536x1021.jpg?v=1652956118 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/010-2048x1362.jpg?v=1652956118 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/010-370x246.jpg?v=1652956118 370w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" title="Fig. 10 The tholobate (drum) of the second mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 10 The tholobate (drum) of the second mausoleum; photo by H. Petrosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/011-300x199.jpg?v=1652956204" width="300" height="199" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/011-300x199.jpg?v=1652956204 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/011-1024x681.jpg?v=1652956204 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/011-768x511.jpg?v=1652956204 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/011-1536x1021.jpg?v=1652956204 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/011-2048x1362.jpg?v=1652956204 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/011-370x246.jpg?v=1652956204 370w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" title="Fig. 11 The inner part of the first mausoleum's dome; photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 11 The inner part of the first mausoleum's dome; photo by H. Petrosyan.

The condition before and after the war

The mausoleums were not harmed during the Artsakh war and are in good condition.

Bibliography

Karapetyan 1999 - Karapetyan, S., Monuments of Armenian culture in the regions occupied by Soviet Azerbaijan, Yerevan.

Karapetyan 2010 - Karapetyan S., the Muslim Monuments of Armenian Architecture in Artsakh, Yerevan.

Bretanitsky 1966 - Bretanitsky, L., The Architecture of Azerbaijan, XII-XV centuries: its place in the architecture of the Near East, Moscow.

Mammedov 1976 - Mammedov, F., Memorial complex in the village of JiJimli (On the issue of ethno-cultural ties), Soviet ethnography.

Simonyan 2001 - Simonyan A., Two newly found mausoleums of the Turkmen sultans of Kara-Koyunlu in Armenia, Miras.

Shcheblykin 1943 - Shcheblykin I., Monuments of Azerbaijani architecture of the era of Nizami, Baku.

Useynov, L. Bretanitsky, and A. Salamzadeh, Azerbaijan's Architectural History, Moscow, 1963.

Location The two Islamic mausoleums (Fig. 1) are located in Artsakh’s Qashatagh region, not far from Tsakhaberd village. During the Soviet period, they were part of the Jijimli administrative border of Soviet Azerbaijan’s Lachin region. According to Samvel Karapetyan, a medieval architecture expert, the name Jijimli refers to two villages, and the mausoleums are located in upper or great Jijimli. The village of upper or great Jijimli, according to monument expert Samvel Karapetyan, corresponds to the historical settlement of Vanotsa, mentioned by historian Stepanos Orbelyan, which was emptied of Armenians in the second half of the 18th century (Karapetyan 1999, 184-185). Historical overview There is no historical information regarding the mausoleums. Even their historical dating is approximate and differs amongst authors’ works. The octagonal, tomb-shaped mausoleum is considered to have been built in the 14th–16th centuries, while the church-like mausoleum is likely to have been built in the 13th–14th centuries. Architectural-compositional examination Numerous researchers drew attention to the mausoleums because of their architectural style and appearance. The first mausoleum is octagonal in shape (Fig. 2) and size (Fig. 3). The sides of the external facade are somewhat circular in shape and reflect the size of the triangular prism (Fig.4). The structure is completed by a cone-shaped dome. It’s constructed of rough-polished stones. The only entry is on the north side, and the lintel depicts a stylized lion. There are also pictures on both sides of the entrance. On the upper half of the entrance, a stylized bull’s head is depicted. A stylized Arabic inscription appears at the bottom of one of the paintings. According to Hakob Simonyan’s article on tombs, it was written “Yusuf” (Simonyan 2001, 95). The second tomb is cross-shaped (Fig. 8), quadrangular on the outside, and has a circular drum (Fig. 9). The drum is notable for its arches on a pair of attached columns (Fig. 10). Pendentives lead from the tomb to the dome (Fig. 11). The entrance is to the north. The mihrab in the south is quite modest. All of the academics and historians who referred to the second mausoleum noticed a clear connection with Armenian-Georgian architecture or, more neutrally, with the Christian architecture of the South Caucasus. Furthermore, the second mausoleum was frequently compared to the two-story church-tombs that were widespread in Armenia and Georgia in the 13th–14th centuries. They were compared to the churches of St. Astvatsatsin in Yeghvard and Noravank, and others. The experts presented the mausoleum’s appearance as a unique fusion of Muslim and Christian architectural styles, highlighting the issue of Seljuk art (Bretanitsky 1966, 130, Mammadov 1976, 41-44, Useinov, Bretanitsky, Salamzadeh 1963, 97-101, 168-170). It is worth noting that no researcher has ruled out a direct their connection with small Armenian churches and chapels. There was also a suggestion that the second mausoleum, in particular, may have been constructed by Armenian masters. (Shcheblykin 1943, 85-87).   Architect A. Salamzade characterizes it as an octagonal mausoleum with no evident tower-shaped construction. This type of tomb is distinguished by its tent-like appearance, which originates from the urge to embody the traditional moveable dwellings of nomadic tribes with stone (Bretanitsky 1966, 128–130). The tomb’s lower octagonal part is substantially larger than the narrowing upper octagonal section, which narrows and serves as the basis for a small ridged dome (Fig. 6). The mausoleum is lighted by small, narrowing windows towards the top. Drawing attention to this, as well as a number of other features of the tomb, Mammadov found a clear connection with the nomadic tent and its structural components (Mamedov 1976, 40-42). The same explanation may be found in mausoleum’s sculptures, where representations of the sun, bulls, and other animals are identified as symbols of nomadic culture. According to the same researcher (Mamedov 1976, 39-40), the first tomb’s mihrab (Fig. 7) has a striking resemblance to the chancel parts of some Christian constructions in the Caucasus.

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<meta property="og:description" content="Location The two Islamic mausoleums (Fig. 1) are located in Artsakh's Qashatagh region, not far from Tsakhaberd village. During the Soviet period, they were part of the Jijimli administrative border of Soviet Azerbaijan's Lachin region. According to Samvel Karapetyan, a medieval architecture expert, the name Jijimli refers to two villages, and the mausoleums are located in upper or great Jijimli. The village of upper or great Jijimli, according to monument expert Samvel Karapetyan, corresponds to the historical settlement of Vanotsa, mentioned by historian Stepanos Orbelyan, which was emptied of Armenians in the second half of the 18th century (Karapetyan 1999, 184-185). Historical overview There is no historical information regarding the mausoleums. Even their historical dating is approximate and differs amongst authors' works. The octagonal, tomb-shaped mausoleum is considered to have been built in the 14th–16th centuries, while the church-like mausoleum is likely to have been built in the 13th–14th centuries. Architectural-compositional examination Numerous researchers drew attention to the mausoleums because of their architectural style and appearance. The first mausoleum is octagonal in shape (Fig. 2) and size (Fig. 3). The sides of the external facade are somewhat circular in shape and reflect the size of the triangular prism (Fig.4). The structure is completed by a cone-shaped dome. It's constructed of rough-polished stones. The only entry is on the north side, and the lintel depicts a stylized lion. There are also pictures on both sides of the entrance. On the upper half of the entrance, a stylized bull's head is depicted. A stylized Arabic inscription appears at the bottom of one of the paintings. According to Hakob Simonyan's article on tombs, it was written "Yusuf" (Simonyan 2001, 95). The second tomb is cross-shaped (Fig. 8), quadrangular on the outside, and has a circular drum (Fig. 9). The drum is notable for its arches on a pair of attached columns (Fig. 10). Pendentives lead from the tomb to the dome (Fig. 11). The entrance is to the north. The mihrab in the south is quite modest. All of the academics and historians who referred to the second mausoleum noticed a clear connection with Armenian-Georgian architecture or, more neutrally, with the Christian architecture of the South Caucasus. Furthermore, the second mausoleum was frequently compared to the two-story church-tombs that were widespread in Armenia and Georgia in the 13th–14th centuries. They were compared to the churches of St. Astvatsatsin in Yeghvard and Noravank, and others. The experts presented the mausoleum's appearance as a unique fusion of Muslim and Christian architectural styles, highlighting the issue of Seljuk art (Bretanitsky 1966, 130, Mammadov 1976, 41-44, Useinov, Bretanitsky, Salamzadeh 1963, 97-101, 168-170). It is worth noting that no researcher has ruled out a direct their connection with small Armenian churches and chapels. There was also a suggestion that the second mausoleum, in particular, may have been constructed by Armenian masters. (Shcheblykin 1943, 85-87).   Architect A. Salamzade characterizes it as an octagonal mausoleum with no evident tower-shaped construction. This type of tomb is distinguished by its tent-like appearance, which originates from the urge to embody the traditional moveable dwellings of nomadic tribes with stone (Bretanitsky 1966, 128–130). The tomb's lower octagonal part is substantially larger than the narrowing upper octagonal section, which narrows and serves as the basis for a small ridged dome (Fig. 6). The mausoleum is lighted by small, narrowing windows towards the top. Drawing attention to this, as well as a number of other features of the tomb, Mammadov found a clear connection with the nomadic tent and its structural components (Mamedov 1976, 40-42). The same explanation may be found in mausoleum’s sculptures, where representations of the sun, bulls, and other animals are identified as symbols of nomadic culture. According to the same researcher (Mamedov 1976, 39-40), the first tomb's mihrab (Fig. 7) has a striking resemblance to the chancel parts of some Christian constructions in the Caucasus." />
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The monument is located 2 kilometers west of Parukh village in Askeran region (Fig. 1).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kalin-khut.jpg?v=1652550789" width="2069" height="1566" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kalin-khut.jpg?v=1652550789 2069w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kalin-khut-300x227.jpg?v=1652550789 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kalin-khut-1024x775.jpg?v=1652550789 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kalin-khut-768x581.jpg?v=1652550789 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kalin-khut-1536x1163.jpg?v=1652550789 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kalin-khut-2048x1550.jpg?v=1652550789 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Kalin-khut-370x280.jpg?v=1652550789 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2069px) 100vw, 2069px" title="Kalin khut" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1.jpg?v=1652550810" width="1177" height="883" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1.jpg?v=1652550810 1177w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-300x225.jpg?v=1652550810 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1652550810 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-768x576.jpg?v=1652550810 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-370x278.jpg?v=1652550810 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1177px) 100vw, 1177px" title="Fig. 1  A general view of the cemetery. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1  A general view of the cemetery. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh.

In the cemetery area, numerous tombstones built of plain, unpolished flagstones, as well as fragments of khachkars, regularly crafted cradle-shaped tombstones, have been preserved (Figs. 2,3,4). A complete 13th-century khachkar leaning against a tree stands out in the cemetery's center (Fig. 5). It has a broad cornice with woven sculptures.

The sculpture located beneath both sides of the cross aisle depicts a "family portrait," which is also one of the main themes of Artsakh's khachkar art.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1.jpg?v=1652550898" width="1067" height="800" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1.jpg?v=1652550898 1067w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1-300x225.jpg?v=1652550898 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1652550898 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1-768x576.jpg?v=1652550898 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1-370x277.jpg?v=1652550898 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px" title="Fig. 2 One of the cemetery's tombstones. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 One of the cemetery's tombstones. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-1.jpg?v=1652550954" width="1067" height="800" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-1.jpg?v=1652550954 1067w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-1-300x225.jpg?v=1652550954 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1652550954 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-1-768x576.jpg?v=1652550954 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-1-370x277.jpg?v=1652550954 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px" title="Fig. 4 The Fragment of the Khachkar. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The Fragment of the Khachkar. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1.jpg?v=1652550925" width="1067" height="800" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1.jpg?v=1652550925 1067w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-300x225.jpg?v=1652550925 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1652550925 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-768x576.jpg?v=1652550925 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-370x277.jpg?v=1652550925 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px" title="Fig. 3 One of the cemetery's tombstones. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 One of the cemetery's tombstones. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-1.jpg?v=1652550980" width="1067" height="801" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-1.jpg?v=1652550980 1067w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-1-300x225.jpg?v=1652550980 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-1-1024x769.jpg?v=1652550980 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-1-768x577.jpg?v=1652550980 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/005-1-370x278.jpg?v=1652550980 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px" title="Fig. 5 A Khachkar. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 A Khachkar. The photo is from the database of monuments of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh.

The monument is located 2 kilometers west of Parukh village in Askeran region (Fig. 1). In the cemetery area, numerous tombstones built of plain, unpolished flagstones, as well as fragments of khachkars, regularly crafted cradle-shaped tombstones, have been preserved (Figs. 2,3,4). A complete 13th-century khachkar leaning against a tree stands out in the cemetery’s center (Fig. 5). It has a broad cornice with woven sculptures. The sculpture located beneath both sides of the cross aisle depicts a “family portrait,” which is also one of the main themes of Artsakh’s khachkar art.

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Location

The church is located on a steep slope in Artsakh's Hadrut region, near the western part of Togh village (Fig. 1). Azerbaijan has occupied the Togh village since October 2020.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Anapat.jpg?v=1654164785" width="1352" height="459" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Anapat.jpg?v=1654164785 1352w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Anapat-300x102.jpg?v=1654164785 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Anapat-1024x348.jpg?v=1654164785 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Anapat-768x261.jpg?v=1654164785 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Anapat-370x126.jpg?v=1654164785 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1352px) 100vw, 1352px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-2-scaled.jpg?v=1653898269" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-2-scaled.jpg?v=1653898269 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-2-300x225.jpg?v=1653898269 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-2-1024x768.jpg?v=1653898269 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-2-768x576.jpg?v=1653898269 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-2-1536x1152.jpg?v=1653898269 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-2-2048x1536.jpg?v=1653898269 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/001-1-2-370x278.jpg?v=1653898269 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 1 The church from the south-east, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The church from the south-east, photo by G. Budaghyan.

Historical overview

The information about the church's construction is based on a local legend that "a man descended from nobles converted to Islam, then repented, and built the churches of St. Stephanos and St. Vardan as a symbol of sincere devotion" (Jalaliants 1858, 260). The church was also known as St. Vardan, according to Sedrak Barkhudaryan (CAE 5, 174).

Architectural-compositional examination

It is a single-nave rectangle hall. The tabernacle and two sacristies attached to the tabernacle from the south, crown the hall from the east. Two bow-shaped arches extend from the prayer hall's longitudinal wall pilasters and support the vaulted roof. . The western wall of the church is completely buried in earth, whereas the northern side is only partly buried (Fig. 2).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1-3.jpg?v=1653898745" width="690" height="470" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1-3.jpg?v=1653898745 690w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1-3-300x204.jpg?v=1653898745 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/002-1-3-370x252.jpg?v=1653898745 370w" sizes="(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" title="Fig. 2 The view of the church from the north. The photo is from the electronic database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The view of the church from the north. The photo is from the electronic database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment of the Republic of Artsakh.

The entrance is on the south side. Four small windows, three of which open to the east and one to the north, provide light. On a khachkar at the entry lintel, the only inscription from the church, "Khachs Vardan" (Barkhutaryan 1895, 51), has been preserved. Several tombstones, most of which are buried in the earth, have been preserved inside the church (Fig. 3). Melik Bakhtam's tombstone is one of them. According to the inscription on his tombstone, he died in 1787 after being poisoned by Ibrahim Khan (CAE 5, 178). The cemetery surrounds the church, with the majority of the tombstones dating from the 19th and 20th centuries (Fig. 4).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-2.jpg?v=1653898716" width="1365" height="2048" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-2.jpg?v=1653898716 1365w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-2-200x300.jpg?v=1653898716 200w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-2-683x1024.jpg?v=1653898716 683w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-2-768x1152.jpg?v=1653898716 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-2-1024x1536.jpg?v=1653898716 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/003-1-2-247x370.jpg?v=1653898716 247w" sizes="(max-width: 1365px) 100vw, 1365px" title="Fig. 3 The interior of the church, 2016, photo by S. Danielyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The interior of the church, 2016, photo by S. Danielyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-4.jpg?v=1653898786" width="690" height="475" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-4.jpg?v=1653898786 690w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-4-300x207.jpg?v=1653898786 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/004-4-370x255.jpg?v=1653898786 370w" sizes="(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px" title="Fig. 4 The segment from the cemetery, photo is from the electronic database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The segment from the cemetery, photo is from the electronic database of the State Service for the Protection of the Historic Environment of the Republic of Artsakh.

The condition before, during, and after the war

The church was not damaged during the warfare.

Bibliographic examination

Barkhudaryan mentioned the Anapat church, saying, "Melik Bakhtam's tombstone is placed in the church, which is covered with soil." "There are pieces of cells, dwellings, and fragments around the church that show that a convent existed there." (Barkhutaryants 1895, 51). According to the same author, a silver cross with the inscription "In memory of Meliq Yesayi's son Safar Bek, these are the relics of patriarch Jacob and Teodoros" was stored in Togh village (Barkhutaryants 1985, 49).

Sh. Mkrtchyan also discussed the Anapat church’s geographical location, architecture, and history (Mkrtchyan 1985, 95).

Bibliography

Barkhutaryants 1895 - Barkhutaryants M., Artsakh, Baku, Aror.

CAE 1982 – Corpus of Armenian Epigraphy, issue 5, Artsakh, Yerevan, made by S. Barkhudaryan, Yerevan.

Voskian H., the Monasteries of Artsakh, Vienna, 1953.

Mkrtchyan 1985–Mkrtchyan Sh., Historical-architectural monuments of Nagorno Karabakh, Yerevan.

Jalaliants 1858- Jalaliants S., Journey to Greater Armenia, part B, Tifilis.

Location The church is located on a steep slope in Artsakh’s Hadrut region, near the western part of Togh village (Fig. 1). Azerbaijan has occupied the Togh village since October 2020. Historical overview The information about the church’s construction is based on a local legend that “a man descended from nobles converted to Islam, then repented, and built the churches of St. Stephanos and St. Vardan as a symbol of sincere devotion” (Jalaliants 1858, 260). The church was also known as St. Vardan, according to Sedrak Barkhudaryan (CAE 5, 174). Architectural-compositional examination   It is a single-nave rectangle hall. The tabernacle and two sacristies attached to the tabernacle from the south, crown the hall from the east. Two bow-shaped arches extend from the prayer hall’s longitudinal wall pilasters and support the vaulted roof. . The western wall of the church is completely buried in earth, whereas the northern side is only partly buried (Fig. 2). The entrance is on the south side. Four small windows, three of which open to the east and one to the north, provide light. On a khachkar at the entry lintel, the only inscription from the church, “Khachs Vardan” (Barkhutaryan 1895, 51), has been preserved. Several tombstones, most of which are buried in the earth, have been preserved inside the church (Fig. 3). Melik Bakhtam’s tombstone is one of them. According to the inscription on his tombstone, he died in 1787 after being poisoned by Ibrahim Khan (CAE 5, 178). The cemetery surrounds the church, with the majority of the tombstones dating from the 19th and 20th centuries (Fig. 4).

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<meta property="og:description" content="Location The church is located on a steep slope in Artsakh's Hadrut region, near the western part of Togh village (Fig. 1). Azerbaijan has occupied the Togh village since October 2020. Historical overview The information about the church's construction is based on a local legend that "a man descended from nobles converted to Islam, then repented, and built the churches of St. Stephanos and St. Vardan as a symbol of sincere devotion" (Jalaliants 1858, 260). The church was also known as St. Vardan, according to Sedrak Barkhudaryan (CAE 5, 174). Architectural-compositional examination   It is a single-nave rectangle hall. The tabernacle and two sacristies attached to the tabernacle from the south, crown the hall from the east. Two bow-shaped arches extend from the prayer hall's longitudinal wall pilasters and support the vaulted roof. . The western wall of the church is completely buried in earth, whereas the northern side is only partly buried (Fig. 2). The entrance is on the south side. Four small windows, three of which open to the east and one to the north, provide light. On a khachkar at the entry lintel, the only inscription from the church, "Khachs Vardan" (Barkhutaryan 1895, 51), has been preserved. Several tombstones, most of which are buried in the earth, have been preserved inside the church (Fig. 3). Melik Bakhtam's tombstone is one of them. According to the inscription on his tombstone, he died in 1787 after being poisoned by Ibrahim Khan (CAE 5, 178). The cemetery surrounds the church, with the majority of the tombstones dating from the 19th and 20th centuries (Fig. 4)." />
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Location

The Chapni village is located in the Nor-Shahumyan (Former Karvachar) region, which was under upper Khachen or Tsar rule from the 12th to 14th centuries. The Chapni village ruins are located on the west bank of the Lev River, 2.5 kilometers north-east of Hnaberd, at the foot of the southern forested hills (Fig. 1).

The settlement is situated at 1430–1440 meters above sea level. The church of St. Karapet Monastery is preserved on the northern high edge of the settlement, and the remnants of a medieval bridge may be found at the bottom, on the Lev River, near the beginning of the old road leading to the village. The settlement is currently under Azerbaijan's control. The monastery consists of the church with the same name, the gavit (the Armenian atrium), the chapel, and the bell tower-headstone. The remnants of the bridge and the cemetery, rich with khachkars, have been preserved in the surrounding area (Fig. 2).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/277519987_495598178868206_4135911864131915699_n.jpg?v=1648890338" width="1354" height="498" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/277519987_495598178868206_4135911864131915699_n.jpg?v=1648890338 1354w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/277519987_495598178868206_4135911864131915699_n-300x110.jpg?v=1648890338 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/277519987_495598178868206_4135911864131915699_n-1024x377.jpg?v=1648890338 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/277519987_495598178868206_4135911864131915699_n-768x282.jpg?v=1648890338 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/277519987_495598178868206_4135911864131915699_n-370x136.jpg?v=1648890338 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1354px) 100vw, 1354px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-scaled.jpg?v=1648890432" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-scaled.jpg?v=1648890432 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-300x199.jpg?v=1648890432 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-1024x681.jpg?v=1648890432 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-768x511.jpg?v=1648890432 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-1536x1021.jpg?v=1648890432 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-2048x1362.jpg?v=1648890432 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-370x246.jpg?v=1648890432 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/001-10-272x182.jpg?v=1648890432 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 1 General view of the monuments, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 General view of the monuments, photo by H. Petrosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/002-2-1-scaled.jpg?v=1648890465" width="2560" height="2300" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/002-2-1-scaled.jpg?v=1648890465 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/002-2-1-300x270.jpg?v=1648890465 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/002-2-1-1024x920.jpg?v=1648890465 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/002-2-1-768x690.jpg?v=1648890465 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/002-2-1-1536x1380.jpg?v=1648890465 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/002-2-1-2048x1840.jpg?v=1648890465 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/002-2-1-370x332.jpg?v=1648890465 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 2 The general architectural plan of the St. Karapet monastic complex, Karapetyan S., History of Armenia, Volume 7, Mravakank, 2019, page 254." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The general architectural plan of the St. Karapet monastic complex, Karapetyan S., History of Armenia, Volume 7, Mravakank, 2019, page 254.

Historical overview

Jalalyants had previously visited the cemetery in the second half of the nineteenth century. He gave a brief description of the monument group and copied two lithographs, one on the wall of the headstone and the other on the back side of the khachkar (Jalalyants 1858, 214-215). Similar records can also be found in M. Ter-Movsisyan's (Ter-Movsisyan 1938, 93) and S. Barkhudaryan's research. However, S. Barkhudaryan provided misleading information, claiming that no ancient sites had been maintained.

Architectural-compositional examination

The Chapni Monument Group's St. Karapet Church has an almost square plan (external dimensions are 5.50 meters). The church's tabernacle is somewhat rectangular in shape and includes two successive sacristies facing east-west, the entry of which is 0.70 meters long and 1.50 meters wide. The sacristies are situated north of the prayer hall. The northern side is half-ruined, while the southern side is fully destroyed (Fig. 3). The sacristies are vaulted (each of them has one window on the eastern and western walls). The church's only entry is through the western wall. The thickness of the walls is 0.80 meters, and there are no inscriptions or decorative elements on the fully standing walls. The architectural plan of the church is quite similar to that of the Otska church in Ptretsik village (Karapetyan 1984, 84). It is crucial to highlight that the presence of the rectangular tabernacle in churches is typical of Artsakh monuments and is one of the compositional aspects of that specific architectural style. Handaberd Monastery's churches are vaulted constructions with rectangular tabernacles extending on an east-west axis (Petrosyan, Kirakosyan, Safaryan 2009, 32). The churches of Dadivank, Charektari, Bri Eghtsi, and the Eghishe apostle's northern churches; the church of Gtchavank (Mkrtchyan 1985, 40, 55, 67, 68, 84); and the Khatrvank chapels are excellent examples of this. From the west, the gavit is attached to the church. The entrance is through the southern wall. The gavit is in ruins; the surviving walls are only 1.0 meter high. The church and gavit are both constructed of unpolished stones and lime mortar (Fig. 4). This construction method is also characteristic of Artsakh's architectural style.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-scaled.jpg?v=1648890603" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-scaled.jpg?v=1648890603 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-300x199.jpg?v=1648890603 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-1024x681.jpg?v=1648890603 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-768x511.jpg?v=1648890603 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-1536x1021.jpg?v=1648890603 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-2048x1362.jpg?v=1648890603 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-370x246.jpg?v=1648890603 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/003-5-272x182.jpg?v=1648890603 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 3 The interior of the north wall of the church, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The interior of the north wall of the church, photo by H. Petrosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-scaled.jpg?v=1648890636" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-scaled.jpg?v=1648890636 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-300x199.jpg?v=1648890636 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-1024x681.jpg?v=1648890636 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-768x511.jpg?v=1648890636 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-1536x1021.jpg?v=1648890636 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-2048x1362.jpg?v=1648890636 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-370x246.jpg?v=1648890636 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/004-4-272x182.jpg?v=1648890636 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 4 Lime mortar belonging to the monastery building, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 Lime mortar belonging to the monastery building, photo by H. Petrosyan.

A standing khachkar, the vaulted structure of the bell tower-headstone, may be found 24.0 meters to the north-east of the church (Fig. 5). This structure has been described by previous researchers. It is described as a two-story building with a cubic volume with an arched opening on the western side, on which the second floor with a dome crowned by four single columns was built. A khachkar stood beneath the dome. The forty-column rotunda is no longer standing, but the first floor and the khachkar on it are standing (Fig. 6). On the back of the khachkar is a seven-line inscription (size: 190x90x18 cm) "By God's will, I, Sukman and Ukan, raised this cross in memory of our father Ashot and mother in the summer of 1275. Please remember us in your prayers "(Jalalyants 1858, 215).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-scaled.jpg?v=1648890728" width="2560" height="1702" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-scaled.jpg?v=1648890728 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-300x199.jpg?v=1648890728 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-1024x681.jpg?v=1648890728 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-768x511.jpg?v=1648890728 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-1536x1021.jpg?v=1648890728 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-2048x1362.jpg?v=1648890728 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-370x246.jpg?v=1648890728 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/005-4-272x182.jpg?v=1648890728 272w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 5 The view of the tomb-headstone from the west, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The view of the tomb-headstone from the west, photo by H. Petrosyan.

The next monument in the Chapni complex is about 4.0 m north of the headstone. It is a small, vaulted chapel that is half-buried in the earth. The chapel's architectural plan is rectangular, as is the shape of the tabernacle. The entrance opens through the southern wall. By composition and architectural style, this chapel resembles the other monuments of the Chapni complex. Given the inscription on the khachkar and the architectural style of the time, it is reasonable to assume that all of the structures date from the 13th century. In addition to the structures shown above, the site contains the remnants of various other structures and traces. In the area, more than a dozen khachkars have been maintained (some of them contain inscriptions). There are several that are completely preserved (Fig. 7), while others are fragmented.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/007-3-scaled.jpg?v=1648890959" width="1702" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/007-3-scaled.jpg?v=1648890959 1702w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/007-3-199x300.jpg?v=1648890959 199w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/007-3-681x1024.jpg?v=1648890959 681w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/007-3-768x1155.jpg?v=1648890959 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/007-3-1021x1536.jpg?v=1648890959 1021w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/007-3-1362x2048.jpg?v=1648890959 1362w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/007-3-246x370.jpg?v=1648890959 246w" sizes="(max-width: 1702px) 100vw, 1702px" title="Fig. 7 From the khachkars of the ancient site, 1289, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 7 From the khachkars of the ancient site, 1289, photo by H. Petrosyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/006-3-scaled.jpg?v=1648890755" width="1702" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/006-3-scaled.jpg?v=1648890755 1702w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/006-3-199x300.jpg?v=1648890755 199w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/006-3-681x1024.jpg?v=1648890755 681w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/006-3-768x1155.jpg?v=1648890755 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/006-3-1021x1536.jpg?v=1648890755 1021w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/006-3-1362x2048.jpg?v=1648890755 1362w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/006-3-246x370.jpg?v=1648890755 246w" sizes="(max-width: 1702px) 100vw, 1702px" title="Fig. 6: The khachkar of the tomb-headstone, photo by H. Petrosyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6: The khachkar of the tomb-headstone, photo by H. Petrosyan.

 Bibliographic examination

The 1960 photograph of Chapni's headstone, published during the Soviet period (Akhundov 1986, 227, p. 263), shows the monument in its most preserved condition. When the liberated territories were accessible after the First Artsakh War, the Organization for the Study of Armenian Architecture visited the site and described the Chapni ruins (Karapetyan 1999, 34-39, 258-262). Samvel Karapetyan's expansive work (Karapetyan 2019, 258–262) dives deeper into the group of monuments, particularly the khachkars and lithographs. The trimeter reconstructions of the bell tower and headstone are also shown here. The Chapni medieval bridge is mentioned in the work on similar engineering constructions in Artsakh (Karapetyan 2009, 36–37).

The condition before, during, and after the war

During the Soviet period, the rural settlement of Chapni was completely ruined. The Azerbaijani people were using this area as a pasture. Following the liberation of the territory after the first Artsakh war, the settlement was abandoned and in ruins. On the other side of the river, the settlement of Knaravan was founded. The monument did not undergo significant changes during or after the Second Artsakh War.

Bibliography

CAE 5 – Corpus of Armenian Epigraphy, issue 5, Artsakh, Yerevan, made by S. Barkhudaryan, Yerevan, in1982.

Karapetyan 1984 – Karapetyan, S., The historical and architectural monuments of the Ptretsik river valley according to the newly discovered inscriptions, Social Sciences newsletter, No. 8.

Karapetyan 1999 - Karapetyan, S., Monuments of Armenian culture in the regions occupied by Soviet Azerbaijan, "Science" Publishing House of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan.

Karapetyan 2009 - Karapetyan S., the Bridges of Artsakh, Yerevan.

Karapetyan 2019 - Karapetyan S., History of Armenia, vol. 7, Mravakank, Yerevan.

Hasratyan 1992 – Hasratyan M, Artsakh's style of Armenian Architecture, Publishing House of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan.

Mkrtchyan 1985 - Mkrtchyan Sh., Historical and architectural monuments of Nagorno Karabakh, "Hayastan" publishing house, Yerevan.

Petrosyan, Kirakosyan, Safaryan 2009 - Petrosyan H., Kirakosyan L., Safaryan V., Handaberd Monastery and his excavations, "Science" Publishing House of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan.

Jalaliants 1858 - Jalaliants S., Journey to Greater Armenia, part B, Tifilis.

Der-Movsisyan 1938 - Der-Movsisyan, the monastic buildings of the three great Armenian monasteries of Tatev, Haghartsin, and Dad, Jerusalem.

Akhundov 1986 - Akhundov, D., Architecture of ancient and early medieval Azerbaijan, Baku.

Location The Chapni village is located in the Nor-Shahumyan (Former Karvachar) region, which was under upper Khachen or Tsar rule from the 12th to 14th centuries. The Chapni village ruins are located on the west bank of the Lev River, 2.5 kilometers north-east of Hnaberd, at the foot of the southern forested hills (Fig. 1). The settlement is situated at 1430–1440 meters above sea level. The church of St. Karapet Monastery is preserved on the northern high edge of the settlement, and the remnants of a medieval bridge may be found at the bottom, on the Lev River, near the beginning of the old road leading to the village. The settlement is currently under Azerbaijan’s control. The monastery consists of the church with the same name, the gavit (the Armenian atrium), the chapel, and the bell tower-headstone. The remnants of the bridge and the cemetery, rich with khachkars, have been preserved in the surrounding area (Fig. 2).

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Location

The St. Astvatsin Church is located in the village of Kyuratagh in the Republic of Artsakh's Hadrut region. The village is currently occupied by Azerbaijan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Map_Kiuratax.jpg?v=1648305928" width="1354" height="439" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Map_Kiuratax.jpg?v=1648305928 1354w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Map_Kiuratax-300x97.jpg?v=1648305928 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Map_Kiuratax-1024x332.jpg?v=1648305928 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Map_Kiuratax-768x249.jpg?v=1648305928 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Map_Kiuratax-370x120.jpg?v=1648305928 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1354px) 100vw, 1354px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Historical overview

There is no historical information available about the church. While describing the village, Barkhudaryan mentions the church (Barkhutaryants 1895, 72-73).

Architectural-compositional examination

The architectural plan of St. Astvatsatsin's church is rectangular (Fig. 1). On the inside, it is a vaulted hall. The church is made of rough and polished stones (Fig. 2). The only entrance is from the south. The rich decorative ornamental patterns capture the eye (Fig. 3). The church was built in 1683, according to the inscription on the lintel (the inscription is engraved in a left-right direction from the cross in the central section of the lintel) (Fig. 4). The following inscription is engraved on the left side of the cross sculpture: "This church was built in the year 1683 during the reign of Suleiman and Catholicos Jeremiah."

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001_GB-scaled.jpg?v=1648306069" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001_GB-scaled.jpg?v=1648306069 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001_GB-300x225.jpg?v=1648306069 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001_GB-1024x768.jpg?v=1648306069 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001_GB-768x576.jpg?v=1648306069 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001_GB-1536x1152.jpg?v=1648306069 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001_GB-2048x1536.jpg?v=1648306069 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/001_GB-370x278.jpg?v=1648306069 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 1 The general view of the church from the south-east, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The general view of the church from the south-east, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-4.jpg?v=1648306127" width="1085" height="814" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-4.jpg?v=1648306127 1085w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-4-300x225.jpg?v=1648306127 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-4-1024x768.jpg?v=1648306127 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-4-768x576.jpg?v=1648306127 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/003-4-370x278.jpg?v=1648306127 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1085px) 100vw, 1085px" title="Fig. 3 The southern front entrance of the church. . Photo is from the certificate of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The southern front entrance of the church. . Photo is from the certificate of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-5.jpg?v=1648306097" width="1076" height="807" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-5.jpg?v=1648306097 1076w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-5-300x225.jpg?v=1648306097 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-5-1024x768.jpg?v=1648306097 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-5-768x576.jpg?v=1648306097 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/002-5-370x278.jpg?v=1648306097 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1076px) 100vw, 1076px" title="Fig. 2 The eastern facade of the church. Photo is from the certificate of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The eastern facade of the church. Photo is from the certificate of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Artsakh.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004_GB-scaled.jpg?v=1648306157" width="2560" height="1440" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004_GB-scaled.jpg?v=1648306157 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004_GB-300x169.jpg?v=1648306157 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004_GB-1024x576.jpg?v=1648306157 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004_GB-768x432.jpg?v=1648306157 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004_GB-1536x864.jpg?v=1648306157 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004_GB-2048x1152.jpg?v=1648306157 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/004_GB-370x208.jpg?v=1648306157 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 4 The constructional inscriptions on the lintel, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The constructional inscriptions on the lintel, photo by G. Budaghyan.

Suleiman, the Shah, reigned from 1666 to 1694, and Jeremiah, the Catholicos, reigned from 1676 to 1700. Hence, the date indicated on the inscription is accurate. On the right hand side of the khachkar there is an inscription saying "We, the people of Kuratakh, youth and elders, built this church. Ghasum is the head of our village. In commemoration of the year 1653 (1102). "  The Arabic date was most likely added later. "This khachkar was built in remembrance of Vardan's spouse, Ghjlin, in the year 1743," we read on the left side of the entrance (Fig. 5). On the walls of the church, there are khachkars with commemorative inscriptions. One of them dates from 1683 (Fig. 6).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005_GB-scaled.jpg?v=1648306186" width="1440" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005_GB-scaled.jpg?v=1648306186 1440w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005_GB-169x300.jpg?v=1648306186 169w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005_GB-576x1024.jpg?v=1648306186 576w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005_GB-768x1365.jpg?v=1648306186 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005_GB-864x1536.jpg?v=1648306186 864w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005_GB-1152x2048.jpg?v=1648306186 1152w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/005_GB-208x370.jpg?v=1648306186 208w" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" title="Fig. 5 The inscription on the left side of the church's front entrance, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The inscription on the left side of the church's front entrance, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006_Gb-scaled.jpg?v=1648306217" width="2560" height="1440" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006_Gb-scaled.jpg?v=1648306217 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006_Gb-300x169.jpg?v=1648306217 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006_Gb-1024x576.jpg?v=1648306217 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006_Gb-768x432.jpg?v=1648306217 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006_Gb-1536x864.jpg?v=1648306217 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006_Gb-2048x1152.jpg?v=1648306217 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/006_Gb-370x208.jpg?v=1648306217 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 6 The khachkar enchased on the southern wall, to the right of the entrance, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The khachkar enchased on the southern wall, to the right of the entrance, photo by G. Budaghyan.

The condition before, during, and after the war

There has been no information on the church since the 2020 war and Azerbaijan's occupation of the region.

Bibliography

Barkhutaryants 1895 - Barkhutaryants M., Artsakh, Baku.

Location The St. Astvatsin Church is located in the village of Kyuratagh in the Republic of Artsakh’s Hadrut region. The village is currently occupied by Azerbaijan. Historical overview There is no historical information available about the church. While describing the village, Barkhudaryan mentions the church (Barkhutaryants 1895, 72-73). Architectural-compositional examination  The architectural plan of St. Astvatsatsin’s church is rectangular (Fig. 1). On the inside, it is a vaulted hall. The church is made of rough and polished stones (Fig. 2). The only entrance is from the south. The rich decorative ornamental patterns capture the eye (Fig. 3). The church was built in 1683, according to the inscription on the lintel (the inscription is engraved in a left-right direction from the cross in the central section of the lintel) (Fig. 4). The following inscription is engraved on the left side of the cross sculpture: “This church was built in the year 1683 during the reign of Suleiman and Catholicos Jeremiah.”

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Սիմոնենց կամուրջը

Տեղադրությունը

Կամուրջը գտնվում է Արցախի Հանրապետության Շուշիի շրջանի Քարինտակ գյուղում՝ Կարկառ գետի վրա (նկ. 1, 2, Կարապետյան 2009, 106): Քարինտակ գյուղն այժմ օկուպացված է Ադրբեջանի կողմից:

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Simonents-bridje.jpg?v=1654532462" width="1358" height="439" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Simonents-bridje.jpg?v=1654532462 1358w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Simonents-bridje-300x97.jpg?v=1654532462 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Simonents-bridje-1024x331.jpg?v=1654532462 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Simonents-bridje-768x248.jpg?v=1654532462 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Simonents-bridje-370x120.jpg?v=1654532462 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1358px) 100vw, 1358px" title="Simonents bridje" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/001-1.jpg?v=1654499786" width="800" height="520" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/001-1.jpg?v=1654499786 800w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/001-1-300x195.jpg?v=1654499786 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/001-1-768x499.jpg?v=1654499786 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/001-1-370x241.jpg?v=1654499786 370w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" title="նկ. 1 Կամրջի ընդհանուր տեսքը, լուս. ՀՃՈՒ հիմնադրամի:" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 1 Կամրջի ընդհանուր տեսքը, լուս. ՀՃՈՒ հիմնադրամի:

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/002-1.jpg?v=1654499826" width="800" height="354" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/002-1.jpg?v=1654499826 800w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/002-1-300x133.jpg?v=1654499826 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/002-1-768x340.jpg?v=1654499826 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/002-1-370x164.jpg?v=1654499826 370w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" title="նկ. 2 Կամրջի հատակագիծը և կտրվածքը, լուս. ՀՃՈՒ հիմնադրամի:" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 2 Կամրջի հատակագիծը և կտրվածքը, լուս. ՀՃՈՒ հիմնադրամի:

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/003-1.jpg?v=1654499909" width="800" height="615" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/003-1.jpg?v=1654499909 800w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/003-1-300x231.jpg?v=1654499909 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/003-1-768x590.jpg?v=1654499909 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/003-1-370x284.jpg?v=1654499909 370w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" title="նկ. 3 Կամրջի շինարարական արձանագրությունը, լուս. ՀՃՈՒ հիմնադրամի:" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 3 Կամրջի շինարարական արձանագրությունը, լուս. ՀՃՈՒ հիմնադրամի:

Ճարտարապետա-հորինվածքային նկարագրություն

Կամուրջը միաթռիչք է, խելերը կառուցված են կոպտատաշ մեծ ու փոքր քարերով, կամարը՝ սրբատաշ քարեըով։ Թռիչքի երկարությունը 6,25 մետր է, անցուղու լայնությունը՝ 3,30 մետր, բարձրությունը ջրի մակարդակից՝ 5,40 մետր (Կարապետյան, 2009, 106):

Վիճակը պատերազմից առաջ և հետո

Կամուրջն Արցախյան պատերազմների ժամանակ չի տուժել։

Գրականություն

Կարապետյան 2009-Կարապետյան Ս., Արցախի կամուրջները, Երևան:

Պատմական ակնարկ

Համաձայն շինարարական արձանագրության (նկ. 3, 4)՝ կամուրջը կառուցվել է 1838 թվականին Հակոբ Սիմոնյանի կողմից. «Այս կարմունճն /շինել տուի/ Քրիստոսի ծառ/ա Հակուբ Սիմ/օնով. 1838 թւին» (Կարապետյան, 2009, 106): Արձանագրությունն առաջին անգամ հրատարակվել է Արցախի կամուրջներին նվիրված Սամվել Կարապետյանի գրքում, տեքստը տալիս ենք ըստ այդ գրքի:

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/004.jpg?v=1654499946" width="800" height="1148" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/004.jpg?v=1654499946 800w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/004-209x300.jpg?v=1654499946 209w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/004-714x1024.jpg?v=1654499946 714w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/004-768x1102.jpg?v=1654499946 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/004-258x370.jpg?v=1654499946 258w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" title="նկ. 4 Կամրջի չափագրությունը, լուս. ՀՃՈՒ հիմնադրամի:" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 4 Կամրջի չափագրությունը, լուս. ՀՃՈՒ հիմնադրամի:

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Սիմոնենց կամուրջը - Monument Watch

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