Խանձաձորի սբ․ Աստվածածին եկեղեցին

Տեղադրություն

Եկեղեցին գտնվում է Արցախի Հանրապետության Հադրութի շրջանի Խանձաձոր գյուղում: Գյուղը տեղակայված է Դիզափայտի հարավ-արևելյան լանջին, մերկ ու անհրապույր տարածքում (նկ. 1), որտեղից էլ ստացել է իր անունը: Գյուղի մյուս անունը Ծառիշեն է, ինչը կապվում է գյուղի կենտրոնում վեր խոյացող թեղու մեծ ծառի հետ (Մկրտչյան 1985, 128): Հետազոտող Շահեն Մկրտչյանը Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի հուշարձաններին նվիրված և 1985 թվականին հայերենով հրատարակված իր գրքում տալիս է գյուղի և եկեղեցու խիստ համառոտ նկարագրությունը: Ավելի մանրամասն եկեղեցուն հեղինակը անդրադառնում է արդեն ռուսերենով 1988 թվականին հրատարակված Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի հուշարձաններին նվիրված գրքում (Мкртчян 1988, 104):

Եկեղեցին գտնվում է գյուղի հարավ-արևմտյան բարձրադիր թաղամասում՝ Հայրենական պատերազմին նվիրված հուշարձանի հարևանությամբ:

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Khandzadzor-church.jpg?v=1640381446" width="1111" height="403" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Khandzadzor-church.jpg?v=1640381446 1111w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Khandzadzor-church-300x109.jpg?v=1640381446 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Khandzadzor-church-1024x371.jpg?v=1640381446 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Khandzadzor-church-768x279.jpg?v=1640381446 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Khandzadzor-church-370x134.jpg?v=1640381446 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1111px) 100vw, 1111px" title="Khandzadzor church" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-768x576.jpg?v=1639981967" width="768" height="576" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-768x576.jpg?v=1639981967 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-300x225.jpg?v=1639981967 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-1024x768.jpg?v=1639981967 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-1536x1152.jpg?v=1639981967 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-370x278.jpg?v=1639981967 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001.jpg?v=1639981967 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="նկ. 1 Խանձաձորի ընդհանուր տեսարանը, լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 1 Խանձաձորի ընդհանուր տեսարանը, լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։

Պատմական ակնարկ

Եկեղեցու մասին պատմական տեղեկությունները բացակայում են: Համաձայն Արցախի Հանրապետության Կրթության, գիտության, մշակույթի և սպորտի նախարարության Հուշարձանների պահպանության վարչության Խանձաձորի սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցու վկայագրի՝ եկեղեցին կառուցվել է 19-րդ դարում՝ նախկինում այստեղ եղած եկեղեցու տեղում:

Ճարտարապետա-հորինվածքային նկարագրություն

Եկեղեցին հատակագծում ուղղանկյուն, միանավ թաղածածկ սրահ է՝ արևելյան կիսաշրջան խորանով և կից ավանդատներով (նկ. 2), ընդ որում բեմը աղոթասրահից բարձր է միայն մեկ աստիճանով (նկ. 7): Գլանաձև թաղը հենվում է պատկից սյուներով կազմվող կամարաշարի վրա: Եկեղեցու չափերն են 14 X 6 X 7 մետր: Միակ մուտքը հարավից է (նկ. 3):  Բարավորի վերին քարի վրա, որը կրկնակի է օգտագործվել և հարմարացվել է բարավորի համար, առկա են երկու մեծ խաչաքանդակներ: Մուտքի աջ ու ձախ կողմերում պատի մեջ ագուցված են 17-րդ դարին բնորոշ մեկական խաչքարեր (նկ. 4), որոնցից աջակողմյանը պարունակում է արձանագրություն: Եկեղեցին կառուցված է տեղական կիսամշակ կրաքարով (նկ. 5, 6):

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/003.jpg?v=1639982510" width="648" height="864" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/003.jpg?v=1639982510 648w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/003-225x300.jpg?v=1639982510 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/003-278x370.jpg?v=1639982510 278w" sizes="(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" title="նկ. 3 Եկեղեցու հարավային մուտքը, լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 3 Եկեղեցու հարավային մուտքը, լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005.jpg?v=1639982564" width="800" height="600" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005.jpg?v=1639982564 800w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005-300x225.jpg?v=1639982564 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005-768x576.jpg?v=1639982564 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005-370x278.jpg?v=1639982564 370w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" title="նկ. 5 Եկեղեցու ընդհանուր տեսքը հարավից,  լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 5 Եկեղեցու ընդհանուր տեսքը հարավից,  լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։

Վիճակը պատերազմից առաջ և հետո

Արցախյան պատերազմների ժամանակ եկեղեցին չի տուժել, խորհրդային տարիներին այն ծառայել է որպես պահեստ: Ուներ վերանորոգման կարիք: Այժմ գտնվում է Ադրբեջանի կողմից օկուպացված Հադրութի շրջանում և հետագա ճակատագրի մասին տվյալները բացակայում են:

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002.jpg?v=1639982363" width="829" height="545" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002.jpg?v=1639982363 829w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002-300x197.jpg?v=1639982363 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002-768x505.jpg?v=1639982363 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002-370x243.jpg?v=1639982363 370w" sizes="(max-width: 829px) 100vw, 829px" title="նկ. 2 Եկեղեցու հատակագիծը, Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, 1988, էջ 104։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 2 Եկեղեցու հատակագիծը, Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, 1988, էջ 104։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/004.jpg?v=1639982536" width="648" height="864" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/004.jpg?v=1639982536 648w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/004-225x300.jpg?v=1639982536 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/004-278x370.jpg?v=1639982536 278w" sizes="(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" title="նկ. 4 Եկեղեցու մուտքին մոտ, պատի մեջ ագուցված խաչքարը, լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 4 Եկեղեցու մուտքին մոտ, պատի մեջ ագուցված խաչքարը, լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-768x576.jpg?v=1639982599" width="768" height="576" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-768x576.jpg?v=1639982599 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-300x225.jpg?v=1639982599 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-1024x768.jpg?v=1639982599 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-1536x1152.jpg?v=1639982599 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-370x278.jpg?v=1639982599 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006.jpg?v=1639982599 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="նկ. 6 Եկեղեցու ընդհանուր տեսքը արևմուտքից,  լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 6 Եկեղեցու ընդհանուր տեսքը արևմուտքից,  լուս. Գ. Բուդաղյանի։

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-768x576.jpg?v=1639982635" width="768" height="576" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-768x576.jpg?v=1639982635 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-300x225.jpg?v=1639982635 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-1024x768.jpg?v=1639982635 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-370x278.jpg?v=1639982635 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007.jpg?v=1639982635 1096w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="նկ. 7 Եկեղեցու ներքին տեսքը, լուս. ԱՀ ԿԳՄՍՆ Հուշարձանների պահպանության վարչության շտեմարանից:" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

նկ. 7 Եկեղեցու ներքին տեսքը, լուս. ԱՀ ԿԳՄՍՆ Հուշարձանների պահպանության վարչության շտեմարանից:

Գրականություն

Մկրտչյան 1985 - Մկրտչյան Շ., Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի պատմաճարտարապե-տական հուշարձանները, Երևան։

Мкртчян 1988 - Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, Ереван․

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<meta property="og:description" content="Տեղադրություն Եկեղեցին գտնվում է Արցախի Հանրապետության Հադրութի շրջանի Խանձաձոր գյուղում: Գյուղը տեղակայված է Դիզափայտի հարավ-արևելյան լանջին, մերկ ու անհրապույր տարածքում (նկ. 1), որտեղից էլ ստացել է իր անունը: Գյուղի մյուս անունը Ծառիշեն է, ինչը կապվում է գյուղի կենտրոնում վեր խոյացող թեղու մեծ ծառի հետ (Մկրտչյան 1985, 128): Հետազոտող Շահեն Մկրտչյանը Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի հուշարձաններին նվիրված և 1985 թվականին հայերենով հրատարակված իր գրքում տալիս է գյուղի և եկեղեցու խիստ համառոտ նկարագրությունը: Ավելի մանրամասն եկեղեցուն հեղինակը անդրադառնում է արդեն ռուսերենով 1988 թվականին հրատարակված Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի հուշարձաններին նվիրված գրքում (Мкртчян 1988, 104): Եկեղեցին գտնվում է գյուղի հարավ-արևմտյան բարձրադիր թաղամասում՝ Հայրենական պատերազմին նվիրված հուշարձանի հարևանությամբ: Պատմական ակնարկ Եկեղեցու մասին պատմական տեղեկությունները բացակայում են: Համաձայն Արցախի Հանրապետության Կրթության, գիտության, մշակույթի և սպորտի նախարարության Հուշարձանների պահպանության վարչության Խանձաձորի սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցու վկայագրի՝ եկեղեցին կառուցվել է 19-րդ դարում՝ նախկինում այստեղ եղած եկեղեցու տեղում:   Ճարտարապետա-հորինվածքային նկարագրություն Եկեղեցին հատակագծում ուղղանկյուն, միանավ թաղածածկ սրահ է՝ արևելյան կիսաշրջան խորանով և կից ավանդատներով (նկ. 2), ընդ որում բեմը աղոթասրահից բարձր է միայն մեկ աստիճանով (նկ. 7): Գլանաձև թաղը հենվում է պատկից սյուներով կազմվող կամարաշարի վրա: Եկեղեցու չափերն են 14 X 6 X 7 մետր: Միակ մուտքը հարավից է (նկ. 3):  Բարավորի վերին քարի վրա, որը կրկնակի է օգտագործվել և հարմարացվել է բարավորի համար, առկա են երկու մեծ խաչաքանդակներ: Մուտքի աջ ու ձախ կողմերում պատի մեջ ագուցված են 17-րդ դարին բնորոշ մեկական խաչքարեր (նկ. 4), որոնցից աջակողմյանը պարունակում է արձանագրություն: Եկեղեցին կառուցված է տեղական կիսամշակ կրաքարով (նկ. 5, 6): Վիճակը պատերազմից առաջ և հետո Արցախյան պատերազմների ժամանակ եկեղեցին չի տուժել, խորհրդային տարիներին այն ծառայել է որպես պահեստ: Ուներ վերանորոգման կարիք: Այժմ գտնվում է Ադրբեջանի կողմից օկուպացված Հադրութի շրջանում և հետագա ճակատագրի մասին տվյալները բացակայում են:  " />
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Церковь Сурб Аствацацин села Хандзадзор

Локализация

Церковь находится в селе Хандзадзор Гадрутского района республики Арцах. Село расположено на юго-восточном склоне Дизапайта, в голой и неприглядной местности (рис.1), по причине чего и получило свое название (арм. «выжженое ущелье»). Другое название села – Царишен  – связывают с растущим в центре села огромным вязом (от арм. «цар» - дерево) (Мкртчян 1988, 104).

Исследователь Шаген Мкртчян в своей книге « Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха» 1985 года, изданной на армянском языке, приводит довольно краткое описание села и церкви. Более подробно автор это излагает в русском издании той же книги 1988-го года (Мкртчян 1988, 104).

Церковь расположена на возвышенной местности в юго-восточной части села, рядом с памятником, посвященным погибшим во время Отечественной войны.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-768x576.jpg?v=1639981967" width="768" height="576" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-768x576.jpg?v=1639981967 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-300x225.jpg?v=1639981967 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-1024x768.jpg?v=1639981967 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-1536x1152.jpg?v=1639981967 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001-370x278.jpg?v=1639981967 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/001.jpg?v=1639981967 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Рис. 1 Панорама села Хандзадзор, фото С. Даниеляна." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 1 Панорама села Хандзадзор, фото С. Даниеляна.

Исторический очерк

Исторические сведения о церкви отсутствуют. Согласно данным, предоставленным Комитетом по охране памятников Министерства образования, науки, культуры и спорта республики Арцах о церкви Сурб Аствацацин Хандзадзора, церковь была построена в 19-ом веке на месте другой.

Архитектурно-композиционное описание

Согласно плану, церковь является прямоугольным однонефным, сводчатым залом с полукруглой абсидой и двумя ризницами в восточной части (рис. 2), причем алтарь выше уровня молельного зала всего на одну ступень (рис. 7). Цилиндрический свод поддерживается арками, опирающимися на пилястры. Размеры церкви – 14х6х7 метров. Единственный вход открыт в южной стене (рис. 3). На камне вторичного использования, который был установлен над тимпаном, вырезано два больших креста. По обе стороны от входа в стены встроено по одному хачкару, характерному для 17-ого века (рис. 4). Правый носит надпись. Церковь построена из местного полуобработанного известняка (рис. 5, 6).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/003.jpg?v=1639982510" width="648" height="864" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/003.jpg?v=1639982510 648w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/003-225x300.jpg?v=1639982510 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/003-278x370.jpg?v=1639982510 278w" sizes="(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" title="Рис. 3 Южный вход в церковь, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 3 Южный вход в церковь, фото Г. Будагян.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005.jpg?v=1639982564" width="800" height="600" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005.jpg?v=1639982564 800w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005-300x225.jpg?v=1639982564 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005-768x576.jpg?v=1639982564 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/005-370x278.jpg?v=1639982564 370w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" title="Рис. 5 Общий вид церкви с юга, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 5 Общий вид церкви с юга, фото Г. Будагян.

Состояние до, во время и после войны

В период арцахских войн церковь не пострадала. В советские годы она использовалась в качестве складского помещения. Церковь нуждалась в ремонте. Ныне она находится в оккупированном Азербайджаном Гадрутском районе, и о ее дальнейшей судьбе ничего не известно.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002.jpg?v=1639982363" width="829" height="545" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002.jpg?v=1639982363 829w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002-300x197.jpg?v=1639982363 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002-768x505.jpg?v=1639982363 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/002-370x243.jpg?v=1639982363 370w" sizes="(max-width: 829px) 100vw, 829px" title="Рис. 2 План церкви, Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, 1988, стр. 104." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 2 План церкви, Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, 1988, стр. 104.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/004.jpg?v=1639982536" width="648" height="864" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/004.jpg?v=1639982536 648w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/004-225x300.jpg?v=1639982536 225w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/004-278x370.jpg?v=1639982536 278w" sizes="(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px" title="Рис. 4 Хачкар встроенный в стену рядом со входом в церковь, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 4 Хачкар встроенный в стену рядом со входом в церковь, фото Г. Будагян.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-768x576.jpg?v=1639982599" width="768" height="576" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-768x576.jpg?v=1639982599 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-300x225.jpg?v=1639982599 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-1024x768.jpg?v=1639982599 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-1536x1152.jpg?v=1639982599 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006-370x278.jpg?v=1639982599 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/006.jpg?v=1639982599 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Рис. 6 Общий вид церкви с востока, фото Г. Будагян." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 6 Общий вид церкви с востока, фото Г. Будагян.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-768x576.jpg?v=1639982635" width="768" height="576" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-768x576.jpg?v=1639982635 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-300x225.jpg?v=1639982635 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-1024x768.jpg?v=1639982635 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007-370x278.jpg?v=1639982635 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/007.jpg?v=1639982635 1096w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Рис. 7 Интерьер церкви, фото из каталога Комитета по охране памятников МОНКС республики Арцах." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Рис. 7 Интерьер церкви, фото из каталога Комитета по охране памятников МОНКС республики Арцах.

Литература

Мкртчян 1985 - Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, 1988 (на арм.яз.).

Мкртчян 1988 - Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, Ереван.

Локализация Церковь находится в селе Хандзадзор Гадрутского района республики Арцах. Село расположено на юго-восточном склоне Дизапайта, в голой и неприглядной местности (рис.1), по причине чего и получило свое название (арм. «выжженое ущелье»). Другое название села – Царишен  – связывают с растущим в центре села огромным вязом (от арм. «цар» – дерево) (Мкртчян 1988, 104). Исследователь Шаген Мкртчян в своей книге « Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха» 1985 года, изданной на армянском языке, приводит довольно краткое описание села и церкви. Более подробно автор это излагает в русском издании той же книги 1988-го года (Мкртчян 1988, 104). Церковь расположена на возвышенной местности в юго-восточной части села, рядом с памятником, посвященным погибшим во время Отечественной войны. Исторический очерк Исторические сведения о церкви отсутствуют. Согласно данным, предоставленным Комитетом по охране памятников Министерства образования, науки, культуры и спорта республики Арцах о церкви Сурб Аствацацин Хандзадзора, церковь была построена в 19-ом веке на месте другой. Архитектурно-композиционное описание Согласно плану, церковь является прямоугольным однонефным, сводчатым залом с полукруглой абсидой и двумя ризницами в восточной части (рис. 2), причем алтарь выше уровня молельного зала всего на одну ступень (рис. 7). Цилиндрический свод поддерживается арками, опирающимися на пилястры. Размеры церкви – 14х6х7 метров. Единственный вход открыт в южной стене (рис. 3). На камне вторичного использования, который был установлен над тимпаном, вырезано два больших креста. По обе стороны от входа в стены встроено по одному хачкару, характерному для 17-ого века (рис. 4). Правый носит надпись. Церковь построена из местного полуобработанного известняка (рис. 5, 6). Состояние до, во время и после войны В период арцахских войн церковь не пострадала. В советские годы она использовалась в качестве складского помещения. Церковь нуждалась в ремонте. Ныне она находится в оккупированном Азербайджаном Гадрутском районе, и о ее дальнейшей судьбе ничего не известно.

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Location

The church is located in the center of Mataghis village (Fig. 1).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Eghisha.jpg?v=1633552725" width="1353" height="562" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Eghisha.jpg?v=1633552725 1353w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Eghisha-300x125.jpg?v=1633552725 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Eghisha-1024x425.jpg?v=1633552725 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Eghisha-768x319.jpg?v=1633552725 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Eghisha-370x154.jpg?v=1633552725 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1353px) 100vw, 1353px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1633498973" width="1024" height="768" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1633498973 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-300x225.jpg?v=1633498973 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-768x576.jpg?v=1633498973 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-370x278.jpg?v=1633498973 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1.jpg?v=1633498973 1184w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" title="Fig. 1 The general view of the church from the south-east, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The general view of the church from the south-east, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh.

Historical overview

According to the inscription engraved on the lintel of the southern entrance, the construction of the church took place in 1892-1898. The inscription says: “The Church of St. Yeghisha was built by the united people of Mataghis. It was started in 1892 and was completed in 1898” (Fig. 2). During the visit of M. Barkhudaryants in 1894-1895, the church was still half-built and unconsecrated (Barkhutaryants 1895, 231).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-1.jpg?v=1633499059" width="1087" height="816" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-1.jpg?v=1633499059 1087w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-1-300x225.jpg?v=1633499059 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-1-1024x769.jpg?v=1633499059 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-1-768x577.jpg?v=1633499059 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-1-370x278.jpg?v=1633499059 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1087px) 100vw, 1087px" title="Fig. 2 The building inscription of the entrance lintel of the church, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The building inscription of the entrance lintel of the church, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh.

Architectural-compositional description

The church is a three-nave basilica, built of local light brown rough and hewn stones. The dimensions of the monument are 15.07 meters long and 8.16 meters wide (Figs. 3-4). It is completely plastered inwardly. The semi-circular bema is high, has two vestries, it is vaulted, the roof is covered with earth (Fig. 5).

The entrance is from the south, three windows open from the east, two from the south and one from the west.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-1.jpg?v=1633499169" width="1092" height="818" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-1.jpg?v=1633499169 1092w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-1-300x225.jpg?v=1633499169 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-1-1024x767.jpg?v=1633499169 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-1-768x575.jpg?v=1633499169 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-1-370x277.jpg?v=1633499169 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1092px) 100vw, 1092px" title="Figs. 3 The general view of the church from the outside, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Figs. 3 The general view of the church from the outside, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1.jpg?v=1633499294" width="1091" height="818" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1.jpg?v=1633499294 1091w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-300x225.jpg?v=1633499294 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1633499294 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-768x576.jpg?v=1633499294 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-370x277.jpg?v=1633499294 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1091px) 100vw, 1091px" title="Figs. 5 The general view of the church from the inside, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Figs. 5 The general view of the church from the inside, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-1.jpg?v=1633499207" width="1088" height="816" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-1.jpg?v=1633499207 1088w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-1-300x225.jpg?v=1633499207 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1633499207 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-1-768x576.jpg?v=1633499207 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-1-370x278.jpg?v=1633499207 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1088px) 100vw, 1088px" title="Figs. 4 The general view of the church from the outside, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Figs. 4 The general view of the church from the outside, photo from the certificate of the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh.

The condition before, during and after the war

Before the war the church was completely standing. Hot battles took place in the village of Mataghis during the Second Artsakh War and it is not known to what extent the monument was damaged. After the war, a video was spread by Azeris on social media, where it was visible how several men in military uniforms enter the church and break the icons. The video also shows that various broken objects are scattered on the floor (Մշակութային վանդալիզմ Մատաղիսի Սուրբ Եղիշա եկեղեցում - Monument Watch).

Bibliographic examination

The church was relatively newly built, due to which the primary sources are scarce. Our description is based on the evidence provided by Makar Barkhutaryants and the data on the monument certificate issued by the MESCS of the Republic of Artsakh.

Bibliography

Barkhutaryants 1895 – Barkhutaryants M., Artsakh, Baku, Aror.

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Location

Hin (Old) Norashen Church (Fig. 1) is located 1 km south of Norashen village, in the territory of Hin Norashen.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Norashen_Cherch.jpg?v=1635165072" width="1349" height="619" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Norashen_Cherch.jpg?v=1635165072 1349w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Norashen_Cherch-300x138.jpg?v=1635165072 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Norashen_Cherch-1024x470.jpg?v=1635165072 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Norashen_Cherch-768x352.jpg?v=1635165072 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Norashen_Cherch-370x170.jpg?v=1635165072 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1349px) 100vw, 1349px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-4-768x576.jpg?v=1635151194" width="768" height="576" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-4-768x576.jpg?v=1635151194 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-4-300x225.jpg?v=1635151194 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-4-1024x768.jpg?v=1635151194 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-4-1536x1152.jpg?v=1635151194 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-4-2048x1536.jpg?v=1635151194 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-4-370x278.jpg?v=1635151194 370w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 1 The church from the northeast, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The church from the northeast, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan.

Historical overview

Norashen village is located in Hadrut region, 5 km southeast of Hadrut town. Azeris settled in the predominantly Armenian-populated village in the 1960s, but as the number gradually increased, the village was finally emptied of Armenians in 1989. It was liberated by the Armenian army in 1993. It has been under Azerbaijani occupation since October 2020.

Architectural-compositional examination

The church is a single-nave basilica with a rectangular plan. The twin vestries are located on the eastern side, next to the semicircular altar. It is 16.4 meters long, 2 meters wide and 5 meters high. It has 4 small, one big windows. The entrance used to be opened from the west, but due to the slope of the terrain, the western wall was mostly covered with soil, which caused the opening of a new entrance in the northern part (Fig. 2), and from the old entrance only the lintel (Fig. 3) was visible on which a cross relief and the year of the church construction (1892) are carved (Fig. 4). Externally the southern wall is also mostly in the ground (Fig. 5). The roof is gable outwardly and internally vaulted. Two uninscribed simple khachkars have been preserved inside the church. During the Soviet era, the church was turned into a warehouse, then a cheese factory, as a result of which an additional building was built in the hall, whose half-walls have also been preserved (Fig. 6).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-6-scaled.jpg?v=1635151382" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-6-scaled.jpg?v=1635151382 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-6-300x225.jpg?v=1635151382 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-6-1024x768.jpg?v=1635151382 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-6-768x576.jpg?v=1635151382 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-6-1536x1152.jpg?v=1635151382 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-6-2048x1536.jpg?v=1635151382 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-6-370x278.jpg?v=1635151382 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 3 The church from the west, 2019, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The church from the west, 2019, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-5-scaled.jpg?v=1635151481" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-5-scaled.jpg?v=1635151481 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-5-300x225.jpg?v=1635151481 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-5-1024x768.jpg?v=1635151481 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-5-768x576.jpg?v=1635151481 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-5-1536x1152.jpg?v=1635151481 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-5-2048x1536.jpg?v=1635151481 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-5-370x278.jpg?v=1635151481 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 5 The southern wall of the church, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The southern wall of the church, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-6-scaled.jpg?v=1635151303" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-6-scaled.jpg?v=1635151303 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-6-300x225.jpg?v=1635151303 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-6-1024x768.jpg?v=1635151303 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-6-768x576.jpg?v=1635151303 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-6-1536x1152.jpg?v=1635151303 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-6-2048x1536.jpg?v=1635151303 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-6-370x278.jpg?v=1635151303 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 2 The northern entrance of the church, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The northern entrance of the church, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-6.jpg?v=1635151414" width="1440" height="2560" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-6.jpg?v=1635151414 1440w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-6-169x300.jpg?v=1635151414 169w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-6-576x1024.jpg?v=1635151414 576w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-6-768x1365.jpg?v=1635151414 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-6-864x1536.jpg?v=1635151414 864w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-6-1152x2048.jpg?v=1635151414 1152w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-6-208x370.jpg?v=1635151414 208w" sizes="(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" title="Fig. 4 The entrance lintel, 2019, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The entrance lintel, 2019, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-4-scaled.jpg?v=1635235830" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-4-scaled.jpg?v=1635235830 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-4-300x225.jpg?v=1635235830 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-4-1024x768.jpg?v=1635235830 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-4-768x576.jpg?v=1635235830 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-4-1536x1152.jpg?v=1635235830 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-4-2048x1536.jpg?v=1635235830 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-4-370x278.jpg?v=1635235830 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 6 The church from inside, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The church from inside, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan.

The condition before, during and after the war

During the first Artsakh war, the enemy, trying to blow up the church, fired direct artillery fire, which damaged a part of the eastern wall (Fig. 7). The church was not damaged during the 2020 hostilities. There is no information about the post-war situation.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-3-scaled.jpg?v=1635151923" width="2560" height="1920" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-3-scaled.jpg?v=1635151923 2560w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-3-300x225.jpg?v=1635151923 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-3-1024x768.jpg?v=1635151923 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-3-768x576.jpg?v=1635151923 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-3-1536x1152.jpg?v=1635151923 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-3-2048x1536.jpg?v=1635151923 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-3-370x278.jpg?v=1635151923 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" title="Fig. 7 The damaged part of the eastern wall of the church, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 7 The damaged part of the eastern wall of the church, 2016, photo by G. Budaghyan.

Bibliography

Barkhutarian M., Artsakh, Baku, 1895.

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<meta property="og:description" content="Location Hin (Old) Norashen Church (Fig. 1) is located 1 km south of Norashen village, in the territory of Hin Norashen. Historical overview Norashen village is located in Hadrut region, 5 km southeast of Hadrut town. Azeris settled in the predominantly Armenian-populated village in the 1960s, but as the number gradually increased, the village was finally emptied of Armenians in 1989. It was liberated by the Armenian army in 1993. It has been under Azerbaijani occupation since October 2020. Architectural-compositional examination The church is a single-nave basilica with a rectangular plan. The twin vestries are located on the eastern side, next to the semicircular altar. It is 16.4 meters long, 2 meters wide and 5 meters high. It has 4 small, one big windows. The entrance used to be opened from the west, but due to the slope of the terrain, the western wall was mostly covered with soil, which caused the opening of a new entrance in the northern part (Fig. 2), and from the old entrance only the lintel (Fig. 3) was visible on which a cross relief and the year of the church construction (1892) are carved (Fig. 4). Externally the southern wall is also mostly in the ground (Fig. 5). The roof is gable outwardly and internally vaulted. Two uninscribed simple khachkars have been preserved inside the church. During the Soviet era, the church was turned into a warehouse, then a cheese factory, as a result of which an additional building was built in the hall, whose half-walls have also been preserved (Fig. 6)." />
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Location

The church is located on the outskirts of the village, on the roadside (Fig. 1).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr_Ekegeci_Melikashen.jpg?v=1634072598" width="1354" height="584" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr_Ekegeci_Melikashen.jpg?v=1634072598 1354w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr_Ekegeci_Melikashen-300x129.jpg?v=1634072598 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr_Ekegeci_Melikashen-1024x442.jpg?v=1634072598 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr_Ekegeci_Melikashen-768x331.jpg?v=1634072598 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr_Ekegeci_Melikashen-370x160.jpg?v=1634072598 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1354px) 100vw, 1354px" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-1-1024x769.jpg?v=1634029635" width="1024" height="769" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-1-1024x769.jpg?v=1634029635 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-1-300x225.jpg?v=1634029635 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-1-768x577.jpg?v=1634029635 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-1-370x278.jpg?v=1634029635 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/001-1-1.jpg?v=1634029635 1204w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" title="Fig. 1 The general view of the church from the southeast, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The general view of the church from the southeast, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS.

Historical overview

Historical information about the monument is scarce. According to the inscription on the lintel, the church was built in 1889. The inscription says: “We – the residents of Melikjalu village, built St. Harutyun Church in 1889” (Figs. 2, 3).

Architectural-compositional description

The church has a rectangular plan, it is a single-nave vaulted basilica. The roof, which used to be tiled, has not been preserved (Fig. 4).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-2-1.jpg?v=1634029748" width="1090" height="818" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-2-1.jpg?v=1634029748 1090w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-2-1-300x225.jpg?v=1634029748 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-2-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1634029748 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-2-1-768x576.jpg?v=1634029748 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-2-1-370x278.jpg?v=1634029748 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1090px) 100vw, 1090px" title="Figs. 3 The inscription of the entrance lintel of the church, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Figs. 3 The inscription of the entrance lintel of the church, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-2-1.jpg?v=1634029703" width="1087" height="815" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-2-1.jpg?v=1634029703 1087w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-2-1-300x225.jpg?v=1634029703 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-2-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1634029703 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-2-1-768x576.jpg?v=1634029703 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-2-1-370x277.jpg?v=1634029703 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1087px) 100vw, 1087px" title="Figs. 2 The inscription of the entrance lintel of the church, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Figs. 2 The inscription of the entrance lintel of the church, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-2-2.jpg?v=1634029782" width="1090" height="818" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-2-2.jpg?v=1634029782 1090w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-2-2-300x225.jpg?v=1634029782 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-2-2-1024x768.jpg?v=1634029782 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-2-2-768x576.jpg?v=1634029782 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-2-2-370x278.jpg?v=1634029782 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1090px) 100vw, 1090px" title="Fig. 4 The external view of the church from the west, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The external view of the church from the west, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS.

The only entrance to the church is from the south, it has five windows, one from the south, three from the east and one from the west. It is built of rough brown stone, and the corner curbs, the porch and the window frames are polished. It is completely plastered inwardly (Fig. 5).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-1.jpg?v=1634029836" width="1091" height="818" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-1.jpg?v=1634029836 1091w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-1-300x225.jpg?v=1634029836 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-1-1024x768.jpg?v=1634029836 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-1-768x576.jpg?v=1634029836 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-1-1-370x277.jpg?v=1634029836 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1091px) 100vw, 1091px" title="Fig. 5 The view of the church internally, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The view of the church internally, photo from the certificate of the RA MESCS.

During the Soviet years, the church was used for economic purposes.

The condition before, during and after the war

Before the war, the church was completely standing, the roof tiles were missing. No information is known about the monument either during or after the war.

Bibliographic examination

The church was built at the end of the 19th century and that is probably why there is scarce written information about it. Our description is based on the information provided by the monument certificate issued by the RA MESCS.

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Location

The monastery is located 3 km west of Tumi village of Hadrut region of the Artsakh Republic, not far from Katnaghbyur spring (Mkrtchyan 1985, 101). Shahen Mkrtchyan gives a very brief description of the monastery in his book dedicated to the monuments of Nagorno Karabakh and published in Armenian in 1985. The author refers to the architecture and composition of the monastery in more detail in the book dedicated to the monuments of Nagorno Karabakh published in Russian in 1988.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr-Xyte-dre-1.jpg?v=1634917771" width="1356" height="492" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr-Xyte-dre-1.jpg?v=1634917771 1356w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr-Xyte-dre-1-300x109.jpg?v=1634917771 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr-Xyte-dre-1-1024x372.jpg?v=1634917771 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr-Xyte-dre-1-768x279.jpg?v=1634917771 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tr-Xyte-dre-1-370x134.jpg?v=1634917771 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1356px) 100vw, 1356px" title="Tr Xyte dre" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Historical overview

There is no historical information about the monastery, the name of the monastery Khuty Dre (seven-door?) is a result of a dialect pronunciation.

Architectural-compositional description

The monastery is half-destroyed and an idea of the general architectural image can be formed only on the basis of the on-site measurements.

The complex consists of two asymmetrical, single-nave churches with a horseshow-shaped altar located along the corridor stretching to the west-east, and a three-vaulted entrance hall with a pair of cylindrical columns extending to the west of the churches (Fig. 1).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Khutedre-1-768x626.jpg?v=1634917841" width="768" height="626" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Khutedre-1-768x626.jpg?v=1634917841 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Khutedre-1-300x244.jpg?v=1634917841 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Khutedre-1-1024x834.jpg?v=1634917841 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Khutedre-1-1536x1251.jpg?v=1634917841 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Khutedre-1-2048x1668.jpg?v=1634917841 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Khutedre-1-370x301.jpg?v=1634917841 370w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 1 The plan of the church, Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, 1988, p. 86. " alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 The plan of the church, Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, 1988, p. 86.

The two churches are quite similar, differing only in size, as in the location of the entrances. The dimensions of the first church are 8.5X4 m, the only entrance is in the north (Fig. 2). The church lacks any windows. The only entrance to the small second church is from the south, in front of the entrance to the large church (Fig. 3). This church lacks any windows (Мкртчян 1988, 86-87). The corridor between the churches measures 6,0X3,7 m and presents the continuation of the hall with a three-arched entrance (Fig. 4).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-5.jpg?v=1634891363" width="2048" height="1536" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-5.jpg?v=1634891363 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-5-300x225.jpg?v=1634891363 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-5-1024x768.jpg?v=1634891363 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-5-768x576.jpg?v=1634891363 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-5-1536x1152.jpg?v=1634891363 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/003-5-370x278.jpg?v=1634891363 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" title="Fig. 3 The entrance of the second church, photo by  G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The entrance of the second church, photo by  G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-5.jpg?v=1634891303" width="2048" height="1536" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-5.jpg?v=1634891303 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-5-300x225.jpg?v=1634891303 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-5-1024x768.jpg?v=1634891303 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-5-768x576.jpg?v=1634891303 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-5-1536x1152.jpg?v=1634891303 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/002-5-370x278.jpg?v=1634891303 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" title="Fig. 2 The entrance of the first church, photo by  G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The entrance of the first church, photo by  G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-5.jpg?v=1634891398" width="2048" height="1536" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-5.jpg?v=1634891398 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-5-300x225.jpg?v=1634891398 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-5-1024x768.jpg?v=1634891398 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-5-768x576.jpg?v=1634891398 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-5-1536x1152.jpg?v=1634891398 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/004-5-370x278.jpg?v=1634891398 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" title="Fig. 4 The corridor between the churches, photo by  G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The corridor between the churches, photo by  G. Budaghyan.

The arches of the hall are also horseshoe-shaped (Мкртчян 1988, 87). The complex is built of untooled and rough large and small stones, lime mortar (Figs. 5-8). Like the Okhty Drni Monastery near Mokhrenes, here, after each row of large stones, the next row is made of small stones (Мкртчян 1988, 73, 87). The thickness of the walls is 140-200 cm. Shahen Mkrtchyan dates it to the 5th-6th centuries (Мкртчян 1988, 87). Given the obvious similarity of the construction technique with the church of Okhty Drni Monastery, it is probable to have preceded Okhty Drni Monastery.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-4.jpg?v=1634891513" width="2048" height="1536" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-4.jpg?v=1634891513 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-4-300x225.jpg?v=1634891513 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-4-1024x768.jpg?v=1634891513 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-4-768x576.jpg?v=1634891513 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-4-1536x1152.jpg?v=1634891513 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/005-4-370x278.jpg?v=1634891513 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" title="Fig. 5 The ruins of monastery buildings, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The ruins of monastery buildings, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-3.jpg?v=1634891545" width="2048" height="1536" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-3.jpg?v=1634891545 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-3-300x225.jpg?v=1634891545 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-3-1024x768.jpg?v=1634891545 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-3-768x576.jpg?v=1634891545 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-3-1536x1152.jpg?v=1634891545 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/006-3-370x278.jpg?v=1634891545 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" title="Fig. 6 The ruins of monastery buildings, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The ruins of monastery buildings, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-2.jpg?v=1634891579" width="2048" height="1536" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-2.jpg?v=1634891579 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-2-300x225.jpg?v=1634891579 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-2-1024x768.jpg?v=1634891579 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-2-768x576.jpg?v=1634891579 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-2-1536x1152.jpg?v=1634891579 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/007-2-370x278.jpg?v=1634891579 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" title="Fig. 7 The ruins of monastery buildings, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 7 The ruins of monastery buildings, photo by G. Budaghyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/008.jpg?v=1634891613" width="2048" height="1536" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/008.jpg?v=1634891613 2048w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/008-300x225.jpg?v=1634891613 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/008-1024x768.jpg?v=1634891613 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/008-768x576.jpg?v=1634891613 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/008-1536x1152.jpg?v=1634891613 1536w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/008-370x278.jpg?v=1634891613 370w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" title="Fig. 8 The ruins of monastery buildings, photo by G. Budaghyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 8 The ruins of monastery buildings, photo by G. Budaghyan.

The condition before and after the war

The ruins of the monastery were not damaged during the Artsakh wars, now it is located in Hadrut region occupied by Azerbaijan and there is no information about its current condition.

            Bibliography

Mkrtchyan 1985 – Mkrtchyan Sh., Historical and architectural monuments of Nagorno Karabakh, Yerevan.

Мкртчян 1988 – Мкртчян Ш., Историко-архитектурные памятники Нагорного Карабаха, Ереван.

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Location

The church is located in the centre of the administrative territory of Vanand village of Kashatagh region of the Artsakh Republic (the church was located in Ghubatlu region during the Soviet years). The latter was united in the urban community of Vorotan. The village is located at an altitude of 1250-1310 meters above sea level and in the Middle Ages was called Mazra (Karapetyan 2001, 179).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Vanand-church.jpg?v=1635749004" width="1352" height="520" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Vanand-church.jpg?v=1635749004 1352w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Vanand-church-300x115.jpg?v=1635749004 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Vanand-church-1024x394.jpg?v=1635749004 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Vanand-church-768x295.jpg?v=1635749004 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Vanand-church-370x142.jpg?v=1635749004 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1352px) 100vw, 1352px" title="Vanand church" alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Historical overview

There is almost no historical data about the village of Mazra and the church located in its center. The village was emptied of Armenians in the 18th century, because during the construction of the church in 1694, the village was naturally inhabited by Armenians.

Architectural-compositional description

The church is single-nave in plan, has a vaulted composition with vestries on both sides of the main altar (Fig. 1). The church is located in the center of the village (Fig. 2). It is built of rough and hewn basalt stones (Fig. 3). The dimensions of the church are 14.15X8.15 meters. The only entrance to the church is from the south, whose lintel inscription has been intentionally damaged and is difficult to read (Fig. 4). The 8-line inscription states that it was built by Khoja Petros in his memory and “his spouse, his son Hovhannes, his parents – Malikset, Mary, his brothers Arakel, Margar… the leader and master of the village Hovhannes… Malik Galust, intendant friar Sargis… in the year of 1694” (Karapetyan 2001, 180). During the Soviet years, the church was used by Azerbaijanis as a fodder store. The cruciform window of the eastern facade of the church bears traces of firearms (Fig. 5). Near the southern wall of the church lies a damaged khachkar of the 16th-17th centuries (Fig. 6).

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/image-01-11-21-09-54-768x477.jpeg?v=1635746896" width="768" height="477" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/image-01-11-21-09-54-768x477.jpeg?v=1635746896 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/image-01-11-21-09-54-300x186.jpeg?v=1635746896 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/image-01-11-21-09-54-1024x636.jpeg?v=1635746896 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/image-01-11-21-09-54-370x230.jpeg?v=1635746896 370w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/image-01-11-21-09-54.jpeg?v=1635746896 1170w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 1 Karapetyan 2001 – Karapetyan S., Armenian cultural monuments in the region of Karabakh, Yerevan, p. 180." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 1 Karapetyan 2001 – Karapetyan S., Armenian cultural monuments in the region of Karabakh, Yerevan, p. 180.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/003-5.jpg?v=1635746963" width="1024" height="699" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/003-5.jpg?v=1635746963 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/003-5-300x205.jpg?v=1635746963 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/003-5-768x524.jpg?v=1635746963 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/003-5-370x253.jpg?v=1635746963 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" title="Fig. 3 The eastern facade of the church, photo by S. Karapetyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 3 The eastern facade of the church, photo by S. Karapetyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/005-4.jpg?v=1635747023" width="768" height="777" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/005-4.jpg?v=1635747023 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/005-4-297x300.jpg?v=1635747023 297w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/005-4-366x370.jpg?v=1635747023 366w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 5 The window of the eastern facade of the church, photo by S. Karapetyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 5 The window of the eastern facade of the church, photo by S. Karapetyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/002-5.jpg?v=1635746936" width="1024" height="671" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/002-5.jpg?v=1635746936 1024w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/002-5-300x197.jpg?v=1635746936 300w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/002-5-768x503.jpg?v=1635746936 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/002-5-370x242.jpg?v=1635746936 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" title="Fig. 2 The general view of the church, photo by S. Karapetyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 2 The general view of the church, photo by S. Karapetyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/004-5.jpg?v=1635746994" width="768" height="778" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/004-5.jpg?v=1635746994 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/004-5-296x300.jpg?v=1635746994 296w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/004-5-365x370.jpg?v=1635746994 365w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 4 The southern entrance of the church and the damaged lintel, photo by S. Karapetyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 4 The southern entrance of the church and the damaged lintel, photo by S. Karapetyan.

		<img src="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/006-5.jpg?v=1635747050" width="768" height="788" srcset="https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/006-5.jpg?v=1635747050 768w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/006-5-292x300.jpg?v=1635747050 292w, https://monumentwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/006-5-361x370.jpg?v=1635747050 361w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" title="Fig. 6 The khachkar under the southern wall of the church, photo by S. Karapetyan." alt="" loading="lazy" 		class="so-widget-image"/>

Fig. 6 The khachkar under the southern wall of the church, photo by S. Karapetyan.

The condition before and after the war

The church was not damaged during the Artsakh wars.

There is no information about the monument after Kashatagh region came under the Azerbaijani control.

Bibliography

Karapetyan 2001 – Karapetyan S., Armenian cultural monuments in the region of Karabakh, Yerevan.

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<meta property="og:description" content="Location The church is located in the centre of the administrative territory of Vanand village of Kashatagh region of the Artsakh Republic (the church was located in Ghubatlu region during the Soviet years). The latter was united in the urban community of Vorotan. The village is located at an altitude of 1250-1310 meters above sea level and in the Middle Ages was called Mazra (Karapetyan 2001, 179). Historical overview There is almost no historical data about the village of Mazra and the church located in its center. The village was emptied of Armenians in the 18th century, because during the construction of the church in 1694, the village was naturally inhabited by Armenians. Architectural-compositional description The church is single-nave in plan, has a vaulted composition with vestries on both sides of the main altar (Fig. 1). The church is located in the center of the village (Fig. 2). It is built of rough and hewn basalt stones (Fig. 3). The dimensions of the church are 14.15X8.15 meters. The only entrance to the church is from the south, whose lintel inscription has been intentionally damaged and is difficult to read (Fig. 4). The 8-line inscription states that it was built by Khoja Petros in his memory and “his spouse, his son Hovhannes, his parents – Malikset, Mary, his brothers Arakel, Margar… the leader and master of the village Hovhannes… Malik Galust, intendant friar Sargis… in the year of 1694” (Karapetyan 2001, 180). During the Soviet years, the church was used by Azerbaijanis as a fodder store. The cruciform window of the eastern facade of the church bears traces of firearms (Fig. 5). Near the southern wall of the church lies a damaged khachkar of the 16th-17th centuries (Fig. 6)." />
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