dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Maria A.

value: Grib, Vladislav V.

value: Efimova, Liudmila G.

value: Kozhevina, Olga V.

value: Slepak, Vitalii Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova, Maria A., Vladislav V. Grib, Liudmila G. Efimova, Olga V. Kozhevina, Vitalii Yu. Slepak. 2023. “Research of the effectiveness of the system of legal regulation of tax relations for operations with cryptocurrency currently in force”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 564– 579. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.301

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the national practicies of direct and indirect taxation of income from
cryptoassets in some countries of the world, including Russia, France, Italy, USA, Great
Britain, etc. The authors study various approaches to the concept of cryptocurrency for the
purposes of fiscal management: macroeconomic, cost, accounting, legal and institutional approaches.
According to the authors position cryptocurrencies for tax reasons should be treated
as a property and means of payment. Therefore, any income in cryptocurrencies received
by taxpayers should be subject to personal income tax or corporate income tax, respectively.
The recognition of cryptocurrencies as a means of payment (that is, private money) leads to
the need to exempt taxpayers from paying value added tax in cases where cryptocurrencies
perform these monetary functions in transactions performed by taxpayers, in particular, they
perform the function of a means of payment. Payment of taxes on income of taxpayers received
in cryptocurrencies can be carried out both in cryptocurrencies and in national (fiat)
currencies. It is permissible to establish a tax declaration of transactions for cryptocurrency.
The foundations of the legal regime of taxation of digital currencies in the Russian Federation have been formed. The problems of introducing effective taxation of cryptocurrency
transactions in the Russian Federation are identified, as well as changes to tax legislation are
proposed, in particular, clarification of the range of objects that can be classified as “digital
currency”, synchronization with the law on digital financial assets, determining the tax base
and implementing tax control of transactions with cryptocurrency. As the study showed, the
approaches to indirect taxation are the most unified. Tax regulation is a potential incentive
to reduce the speculative interest of participants in transactions with cryptocurrencies and
increase the transparency of taxation of cryptocurrencies.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: cryptocurrency

value: digital asset

value: fiscal management

value: legal regulation

value: taxation

value: business accounting

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kim, Chi Tran

value: Tuan, Vu Tran

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kim Chi Tran, Tuan Vu Tran. 2023. “Status of the victim in the adversary proceeding: Experience from Russia and recommendation for the Vietnam’s criminal procedures”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 721–737. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.310

dc.description.abstract

value:
Nowadays, most researchers believe that Russian Federation’s Criminal Procedure follows
a mixed model instead of the traditional inquisitorial procedure model. Using the Russian
Federation as an example, this article raises questions, including: How will the acquisition of
adversarial elements affect the victim? Is the victim an independent party to participate in the
adversary proceeding? Do the adversarial activities of the victim and the other subjects exist at
the pre-trial stages? In Vietnam, with the limitation of the victim to participate actively in the
adversary proceeding, it will be difficult for the victim to protect his or her legitimate rights
and interests in criminal proceedings. He/she participates in the proceedings passively with
the same role as witnesses. This article explores the role and position of the victim in the adversary
proceeding of Russia. Analyzing the rights and obligations of the victim in the adversary
proceeding, this article found that the victim in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian
Federation is eligible to participate in the adversary proceeding as an independent party.
Based on the results of research on the limitations of the victim’s role in Vietnamese criminal
proceedings, the article discusses the significance of this study and proposes approaches to
improve the victim’s participation in the adversary proceeding in Vietnam’s criminal justice
system.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: adversary

value: proceeding

value: victim

value: criminal proceedings

value: mediation

value: private prosecution

value: investigation

value: adjudication

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Ponomareva, Karina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ponomareva, Karina A. 2023. “Taxation of digital services in BRICS countries: A comparative analysis”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 804–823. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.315 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The need to ensure compliance with the fiscal interests of the state in the conditions of the
emerging digital economy requires the transformation of essential approaches to the regulatory
regulation of tax relations both in the context of determining the appropriate legal forms
for regulating the national tax base. These tasks remain relevant even in the current conditions
of sanctions restrictions. In the absence of consensus on tax projects of international organizations,
many countries have begun to introduce digital taxes unilaterally. National digital taxes
can be divided into three groups: income taxes, VAT for electronic services and hybrid taxes.
These national digital taxes are considered on the examples of individual BRICS countries.
The article examines the experience of Brazil as a state where discussions are actively underway
about the need to introduce a digital tax and a number of tax bills have been developed
in this area, India as a country that uses interesting and rather unconventional methods of
taxation of digital companies, as well as China and South Africa as countries that use VAT
for electronic services. Based on a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the BRICS
states, in which digital taxes have been introduced, possible scenarios for the development of
tax regulation in Russia have been developed. It is concluded that the introduction of a digital
tax in Russia is not appropriate. The methodological basis of the research consists of both
general scientific methods (dialectical-materialistic, systemic, induction, deduction, analysis,
synthesis) and interdisciplinary, as well as legal research methods proper. When conducting
the research, it is planned to use proper legal methods and approaches: formal-legal and
comparative-legal. The study is based on a comparative legal method that allows comparing
similar legal problems existing in legislation and international treaties, as well as identifying
optimal ways to resolve them.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 3

value: сorporate taxation

value: international taxation

value: digital transformation

value: BRICS countries

value: comparative law

value: value-added tax

value: digital services tax


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrov, Aleksei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrov, Aleksei A. 2023. “Law enforcement practice as an object of constitutional judicial assessment in the Russian Federation: Background, experience, problems”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 668–685. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.307 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Turning to law enforcement practice has been and remains an important component of the
activities of the Russian Constitutional Court. At the first stage of the history of the Russian judicial constitutional control — during the period of the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian
Federation — Russia of 1978 and the RSFSR Law of July 12, 1991 No. 1599-I “On the Constitutional
Court of the RSFSR” — consideration of cases on checking the constitutionality of
law enforcement practice was separate authority of the Constitutional Court. In these conditions,
law enforcement practice was the direct object of judicial constitutional review. With the
adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 and the Federal Constitutional
Law of July 21, 1994 No. 1-FKZ “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”, the
verification of the constitutionality of law enforcement practice was excluded from the competence
of the Constitutional Court. At present, the Constitutional Court, while checking the
constitutionality of legal acts, actively uses law enforcement practice as one of the means of
establishing the meaning of the contested acts. The article shows that the Constitutional Court
is constantly faces with the problems of defining the concept of law enforcement practice,
which can receive different content in different situations. The question of the criteria under
which law enforcement practice should be recognized as established is also unclear. Nevertheless,
the importance of law enforcement practice for the activities of the Constitutional Court
is generally increasing, which is confirmed, among other things, by the amendments made to
the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation” in
2020. The conclusion is substantiated that the appeal to law enforcement practice contributes
to the adoption of more motivated and balanced decisions by the Constitutional Court.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: competence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

value: constitutionality

value: object of constitutional review

value: law enforcement practice

value: enforcement act

value: constitutional judicial norm control

value: case-law

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Trofimov, Albert A.

value: Dmitrikova, Ekaterina A.

value: Karitskaya, Anastasia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trofimov, Albert A., Ekaterina A. Dmitrikova, Anastasia A. Karitskaya. 2023. “Search for the optimal model of control and supervisory activities: The experience of Russia and China”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 786–803. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.314 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the aspects of ensuring public interest is to determine the order of organization and
implementation of state activities, the purpose of which is to minimize the risk of harm to
legally protected values caused by violations of mandatory requirements. The achievement
of this goal largely depends on the model of control and supervisory activities that will be
implemented by the state. The authors see the optimal model of control and supervisory activities
as balanced if based on constitutional principles. The authors consider the experience
of Russia and China in creating a modern model of control and supervisory activities and
propose to consider approaches to their search that would not only achieve the goal of control
(supervision), but also ensure that the balance of interests of the state, society and individual
individuals is maintained. Such a search has not been completed in both states. Actually there is a unified approach — in Russia and China the legislator seeks to form a model that would
ensure a balance of interests. The authors turn to the constitutional principles of state control
and supervision as an activity related to interference with the freedom of a private person. The
study revealed a difference in approaches to the issue of reforming control and supervisory
activities both in terms of the dynamics of changes and the consistency of approaches. In
relation to the Russian experience, the development of legislation in the field of control and
supervisory activities allowed to identify the characteristics of changes and the correlation of
control and supervisory activities in the system with other types of administrative activities.
The Chinese experience reveals the ongoing search by the Chinese leadership for a system of
legal regulation in the conditions of uncodified legislation, numerous subordinate regulations
and the inconsistency and uncertainty of legal norms.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 23-28-01756 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01756/).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: control

value: supervision

value: control activities

value: administrative reform

value: Chinese law

value: Chinese administrative law

value: China

value: state control

value: balance interests

value: constitutional principles


dc.contributor.author

value: Makarova, Olga A.

value: Kovalevskaya, Yuliya I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makarova, Olga A., Yuliya I. Kovalevskaya. 2023. “Conceptual framework and system of the Model law of the Commonwealth of Independent States ‘On Protection of Consumers’”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 768–785. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.313 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article substantiates the need to improve the model consumer legislation of the member
states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), which has become brewing in connection
with fundamental transformational changes in social life, development of electronic
commerce, the development of new standards upon sale of goods, works, services to consumers.
The paper draws attention to the differences in processes of approximation (harmonisation)
of the national legislations of the EU member states and approximation of laws of the
CIS member states, notes the specifics of international cooperation within the CIS. Before
proceeding to the presentation of one of the possible alternate for improving the CIS model
law on protection of consumers, authors analyze the state of modern legal regulation in the
European Union, solitary states of the Western Europe, the CIS member states. As a result, it is
concluded that it is possible to take into account the achievements of foreign lawmaking in the
development of regulatory decisions in a number of areas of consumer protection: extension
of scope of consumer’s legislation, formulating additional guarantees for protecting consumer
rights in the field of e-commerce, developing a system of cross-border consumer’s disputes,
and others. The structure of the act of consumer’s legislation proposed by the authors is based
on the focus of the Russian Federation on the codification of consumer’S legislation, as well
as on the modern needs for a uniform complex normative legal act that conflate both general
issues of regulation of consumer’s relations and special provisions relating to the protection
of consumer rights in certain areas of social relations (electronic commerce, sale of food,
pharmaceutical products, housing and communal services, tourism services) or consumers
belonging to socially vulnerable groups of the population (minors, the elderly, the disabled).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: model legislation of the Commonwealth of Independent States

value: protection of consumer’s rights

value: legislation of European Union

value: codification

value: conception

value: marketplace

value: e-commerce

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Malysheva, Nataliya I.

value: Kozlikhin, Igor Yu.

value: Stoyko, Nikolay G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malysheva, Nataliya I., Igor Yu. Kozlikhin, Nikolay G. Stoyko. 2023. “The modern Chinese state: An academic view through the prism of politics and law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 824–840. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.316 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the main provisions of the monograph “Modern Chinese State. Vol. 1:
Basic Institutions of State Power and Administration”, published in 2022 by the Russian Academy
of Sciences, in the context of the problematization of scholarly studies of Chinese law. The
authors of the article give a brief description of the main issues disclosed in the monograph,
such as: administrative divisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC); population control
and registration; the judicial system of the People’s Republic of China; the Public Prosecutor’s
Office; control (supervisory) committees; and so on. At the same time, attention is focused on
those provisions of the monograph that contribute to the search for solutions to problematic
issues relevant to lawyers studying the law of the People’s Republic of China. This is, in particular,
about the lawmaking of the state bodies of the PRC with the understanding of the role
of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in this activity, on the Legal Status of the President of
the People’s Republic of China, on the Nature of CPC Acts, as well as Joint Acts of the Central
Party Organs and the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, on the role of judicial
acts in the light of the system of sources of Chinese law. A number of areas of legal regulation
have been identified, where the experience of the People’s Republic of China can be used in
lawmaking and law enforcement in the Russian Federation. It is concluded that the monograph
systematizes and increases knowledge about the state-legal reality of the PRC, allows to
achieve a better understanding of the law of China.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Chinese state

value: state power

value: state institutions

value: state authorities

value: Chinese law

value: lawmaking

value: application of law


dc.contributor.author

value: Shepenko, Roman A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shepenko, Roman A. 2023. “Special rules against tax avoidance: Taiwan’s experience”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 738–749. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.311 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
States and the territories implementation their tax rights in relation to the objects of taxation
by concepts of taxation is determined. Tax conceptions to be applied primarily in relation to
direct taxes are territorial and global. The territorial conception assumes that taxes are levied
on the object of taxation originated or received in the state (territory). This conception is addressed
to residents and non-residents. The global conception assumes that taxes are levied
on the object of taxation regardless of the place of its origin. This conception is addressed to
residents. Ideally, states and territories should limit their tax rights to income from national
sources. Accordingly, the principle of non-double taxation will not be violated and there is
no need for special rules. Initially, states and territories followed the territorial concept, but
over time approaches have changed. As a result, the problem of tax avoidance has become the
focus of attention. Their unilateral application does not give the desired result, and therefore
international treaties are concluded or amended. Special rules against tax avoidance are on
the agenda of the authorities of various states, including unrecognized ones. There is a certain
specificity in the regulation in relation to unrecognized states and territories with a special
status. Some of these entities are even members of international organizations, but do not have
an extensive network of treaties containing tax provisions. In the given article, an attempt to
systematize special rules against tax avoidance in Taiwan is made.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: tax avoidance

value: transfer pricing

value: thin capitalization

value: limitation on benefits

value: beneficial owner


dc.contributor.author

value: Poznin, Vitaly F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Poznin, Vitaly. “The Formation of Russian Genre Cinema at the Beginning of the 21st Century”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 535–556. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.308 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of genre formation in cinema constantly causes controversy and discrepancies
among art historians, since this type of creativity is synthetic, using the creative possibilities
of other types of art. Сommon in the definition of the term “genre” is only the provision that a
genre is a way of embodying a certain concept of reality in a work, creating an artistic picture
or an artistic model of the world, perceived from a certain angle, which implies a limitation in the choice of means of artistic embodiment of the theme of the work. Like any complex
concept, a genre should be considered in a system of several coordinates, among which the
dominant features inherent in a particular genre play the most significant role. These two
dominants are: 1) the emotion that the film should evoke in the viewer (laughter, horror, sympathy,
etc.); 2) the theme of the film (historical, military, sci-fi, etc.). When investigating the
problem of genre formation, one should also not forget that the genre is a historical category, i.
e. the specific period in which it was created plays an important role in determining the genre
characteristics of a particular film. Over the past 30 years, Russian cinema has undergone
significant changes in the aesthetic and ethical paradigm, including changes in the themes
and genre palette of films. This article is the first attempt to analyze the process of mastering
by Russian cinematography new genres for it, which were not previously in the repertoire of
Russian cinema (fantasy, disaster film, horror, biopic, musical). Having considered the problem
of interaction between cultural globalization and national mentality, the author comes to
the conclusion that, having survived the period of imitation of foreign models, Russian genre
cinema at the present stage has the opportunity to gain self-identification and become an art
that is in demand by a wide audience.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 3

value: genre

value: modern Russian cinema

value: fantasy

value: disaster film

value: fairy tale

value: special effects

value: cultural globalization

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Akimov, Sergey S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Akimov, Sergey. “The 17th Century Dutch Art in E. I. Rotenberg’s Studies”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 413–431. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.302 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The contribution of Evsei Rotenberg to the studies in history of the 17th century Dutch art is
analyzed in this article. Investigations in Dutch art of the Golden Age were one of the main
lines in scientific interests of Evsei Rotenberg, great specialist in classical West-European art,
during all his activity. He also wrote about Italian Renaissance, especially Michelangelo and
Titian, and about the most important esthetic and creative problems and tendencies of the
17th century art, the greatest masters of this epoch. The paper highlights his evolution as a researcher from point of view subjects and methodology of studies, analyzes the conceptual
ideas explaining the specificity of the Dutch art, shows their place in Russian scientific tradition
and their significance for the further development of art historian science. His professional
formation was held under guidance of Prof. B. R. Vipper in Moscow University and in
post-graduate course. Rotenberg’s PhD dissertation (1956) was devoted to realistic bases of
Dutch art of the period of flourishing (Rembrandt and masters of genre painting). He is the
author of works about Rembrandt and Vermeer, the monograph about development of the
Dutch art including architecture, sculpture and decorative crafts. His most fundamental investigations
— “West-European 17th Century Art” and “West-European 17th Century Painting.
Thematic Principles” — were published in 1971 and 1989. Rotenberg analyzed Dutch school
in aspects of style and non-style line and relationships between mythological and non-mythological
creative conceptions in art of this epoch.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: E. I. Rotenberg

value: Soviet art-historian science

value: B. R. Vipper

value: 17th Dutch century art

value: methodology

value: semantic interpretation

value: social factors

value: style

value: non-style line

value: thematic principles in the 17th century European painting

value: Rembrandt

value: Vermeer


dc.contributor.author

value: Lyashenko, Ekaterina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lyashenko, Ekaterina. “Transbaikal Painting of the 18th — the Early 20th Centuries: Periodization Problems”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 467–488. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the research of Transbaikal painting history in the context of regional
fine arts formation, artistic direction development. The Transbaikal art features are connected
with region’s distance from cultural centers. Transbaikal painting has formed as result of
penetration Russian art traditions and influence of regional national cultures. It’s possible to
conditionally distinguish several stages in the history of Transbaikal painting. The first stage of
formation (18th–19th centuries) was associated with creativity of visiting artists and with emergence
of self-educated artists. The drawings were being made during the ethnographic expeditions
in Siberia, also the Decemberists made their contribution. Besides, the icon painting
was presented. The Transbaikal visual art heyday (the 2nd stage, 20th century) was presented
with period of creativity and exhibition activities activation of the 20th century beginning, period
of war years’ poster art, and period of realistic painting heyday. A lot of various in colorit
landscapes were made in period of realistic painting heyday (the middle and second half of the 20th century). These are open spaces, steppes, roads, lyrical overcast landscapes, majestic
north Transbaikalia and Buryatia mountains, landscapes of the Lake Baikal. The plot and historical
paintings were being depicted scenes of Soviet reality, events of the region history and
culture. Socialist realism was reflected in portraits and in subject painting, works of “austere
style” were created. Individual artists with a pronounced style, manner stood out. Paintings
were created with decorative, symbolic, ethnic motifs, impressionistic. At the present stage
(beginning of the 21st century) artists of Transbaikalia create in the traditional and modernist
direction, in the direction of ethnofuturism. Globalization processes, digitalization stimulate
the penetration of creativity various forms into the region, and modern art projects begin to
be implemented. System of art education traditions are emerging.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared with the support of the Council for Scientific and Innovative Activities of
Transbaikal State University according to the research project no. 353-GR of 09.02.2022.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Transbaikal painting

value: Transbaikal artists

value: Transbaikal landscape

value: Transbaikal painting history

value: Transbaikal contemporary art

value: V. I. Forov

value: Ya. I. Shplatov

value: S. M. Pavlutsky

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kishkinova, Evgenia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kishkinova, Evgenia. “Fasad Sculpture of Provincial Eclectics on the Example of Rostov- on-Don: Iconography, Symbols, Stylistics”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 449–466. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of eclectic facade sculpture in the historical center of Rostov-
on-Don, considered in accordance with specific neo-styles. Sculpture plays an important
compositional role in the design of the facades of Neo-Baroque monuments, emphasizing
the rhythmic organization of facades, emphasizing the central and corner parts of buildings.
Sculptural decor in the design of facades, designed within the neo-Greek and Neo-Renaissance,
obeys the compositional rhythm set by architectural forms, is most often placed in architecturally limited fields, highlights the compositional axes of facades and more actively
uses motifs of ancient origin. In general, the iconography of the sculptural decor includes
plant motifs (laurel, flower, fruit garlands, flower baskets, acanthus, wreaths, rosettes), images
of objects, including symbolic ones (shells, cartouches, caduceus, flowerpots, a cornucopia, a
fountain, attributes of industry, trade, sciences and arts, armorial shields), zoomorphic images
(mainly lion mascarons, griffins), mixanthropic and anthropomorphic images. Among
the latest figurines are putti, mascarons of satyrs, Aphrodite, Hermes; belt herms of Hercules,
Omphale, Deianira; sculptures of nymphs, Apollo, Ceres, goddesses of Glory; scenes from the
history of Cupid and Psyche. The symbolism of the sculptural decor corresponds to the purpose
of the building, expresses the ideas of prosperity and progress: Ceres, Apollo, the goddess
of Glory — on the building of the City Duma; musical instruments and theatrical masks — on
the theater building; plots symbolizing various types of activities — on the building of the
Property Pledge Society; attributes of trade, industry, sciences, arts, mascarons of Hermes and
his caduceus, cornucopia — on tenement houses; Hercules, Dejanira, Omphala, Aphrodite’s
mascarons are on the mansions. There is a “universalization” of the mascarons of Hermes and
his caduceus, which are used everywhere, regional motifs appear (bees, salting fish), the use
of neo-style decor on the building, reproducing the type of kuren, is noted. Stylistically, the
sculpture is focused mainly on classicism and the Renaissance, using the techniques of mannerism,
baroque, rococo. The prototypes are the motifs of the sculptural decoration of famous
buildings in St Petersburg, Vienna, Berlin, Brussels, chronologically close to the monuments
under consideration.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: architecture of Rostov-on-Don

value: eclecticism

value: facade monumental and decorative sculpture

value: neo-baroque

value: neo-renaissance

value: neo-Greek


dc.contributor.author

value: Zeynalov, Khazar A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zeynalov, Khazar. “Artistic Ties between Azerbaijan and St Petersburg: History and Modernity”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 432–448. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article highlights the Azerbaijani and St Petersburg interrelation in the field of fine arts.
The author studies factual materials and investigates works related to these interrelationships.
These are works of painting, sculpture and graphics created at different times by Leningrad
and Azerbaijani artists. Studying these materials, the author substantiates the importance of
scientific research in this direction. The study is divided historically into two main stages:
Soviet and post-Soviet, which is the simplest form of chronological division. This division is
acceptable, because, the author researches not a certain period or area of interrelationships,
but offers a general methodological form of art historical investigation. According to the author,
the main directions are thematic works, studies and holding exhibitions (or other events)
in the considered interrelations. Exactly, these three points of activity (in many variations)
form the basis of the factual material to be studied in the future. According to the author,
studies at the universities of Leningrad had a beneficial effect on the development of creativity
and the formation of the artistic worldview of most Azerbaijani artists. While studying at the
prestigious art universities of Leningrad, these young artists returned to the republic as mature
specialists, often proficient in the norms of academic painting and sculpture. Their work
significantly enriched the fine arts of Azerbaijan, especially in the 50s–80s of the last century.
The availability of interesting materials, friendly interrelations between the government of
St Petersburg and the Republic of Azerbaijan create favorable preconditions for conducting
active artistic research in this direction on more specific topics. The research of interrelationships
contributes greatly to highlighting our common cultural heritage and supports to the
strengthening of friendships in our time.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 3

value: Azerbaijani and St Petersburg artistic interrelations

value: art historical investigation

value: methodology of research

value: painting

value: graphics

value: sculpture

value: Alexander Galerkin

value: Tahir Salahov

value: Ian Neiman

value: Gorush Babayev


dc.contributor.author

value: Teplova, Irina B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Teplova, Irina. “Ella von Schultz-Adajewski (1846–1926): The Creative Fate of a Musician and Studies of the Musical Folklore of European Peoples”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 396–412. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.301 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to Ella von Schultz-Adajewski, who left a convincing mark in the Russian
and European musical culture of the second half of the 19th — early 21st centuries. The talented
musician, born in Russia, continued her creative life in Italy and Germany. Her natural talents
and brilliant education (she studied with leading professors of the St Petersburg Conservatory:
A. Dreyshok, N. I. Zaremba, A. S. Famintsyn, I. K. Voyachek) allowed her to maximize her professional
potential as a pianist, composer, and music researcher. The author of original works in
various genres that are attractive to modern performers, Ella von Schultz-Adajewski combined
the role of a practicing musician with deep, original theoretical works in the field of comparative
musicology. Actually, she became one of the discoverers of this method, which formed the basis
of the science of ethnomusicology. The bright artistic and scientific heritage has not yet received
a decent assessment in Russian musicology. Meanwhile, in the history of world culture, Ella von
Schultz was destined to become the discoverer of the musical folklore of the Friulian Christians,
whose folk culture was also the subject of serious scientific interests of outstanding philologists,
linguists of St. Petersburg University: I. I. Sreznevsky, I. Baudouin de Courtenay. The works of
the musician and wordsmiths laid the foundation of knowledge about the culture of the Slavs,
who have been living in Northern Italy for centuries. In the articles devoted to the folklore of
various European peoples, the author seeks to find a deep “matrix” reflecting the genetic features
of the culture of a particular ethnic group. Innovative for its time are the idea of Ella von Schultz
about the inseparable connection of musical folklore and the context of its existence, methods
of musical analysis using synoptic tables. The article publishes archival materials for the first
time, provides information reflecting the period of Ella von Schultz’s studies at the St. Petersburg
Conservatory, her contacts with Russian musicians after her departure abroad. For the first time,
unknown scientific articles are also characterized, in which folklore samples are considered from
the standpoint of “ethnological documents”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Ella von Schultz

value: pianist

value: composer

value: ethnomusicology

value: European folklore

value: innovative research

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Khlebnikov, Denis V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khlebnikov, Denis. “Standard Units in Miniatures of the Manuscript no. 20 in Russian State Library, Fund 173.I”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 508–534. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.307 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The proposed article is addressed to the phenomenon of typical graphic elements used in
Russian late medieval visual art; the study is based on the material of miniatures of the wellknown
illuminated manuscript of the Commentated Prophet Book from the collection of the
Moscow Theological Academy. Previously, a detailed comparison of the drawing of paper icon
samples, and later of the icons themselves of the 15th–16th centuries as well, led to the conclusion
that icon painters widely use a set of the same systematically repeating graphic elements.
They can always be seen in almost any icon, in different numbers and different combinations,
in the most dissimilar images and regardless of who or what is depicted on the icon: the Savior,
the Virgin or a prophet; regardless of whether the image in front of us is a half-length image,
shoulder-length or full-length figure; regardless of the pose, gestures and type of clothing.
Those elements are used constantly, although their number and set may vary significantly
from case to case. In addition, their graphics vary quite freely: the proportions within the
block and its dimensions change relative to other parts of the image, straight lines may be
more or less curved, or part of the block may be hidden by another detail or, on the contrary,
shown two or more times. Sometimes some part of the block is inverted, shifted or reduced,
but the structure of the block remains the same. This observation makes it possible to significantly
clarify the ideas about the principles of icon-painter work in the 15th–17th centuries:
the drawing, for example, of a human figure and their robes was not copied literally from icon to icon, neither was invented completely anew each time; the image was more or less “constructed”
from already existing ready-made blocks, either in the literal sense, or they filled in
a ready-made general compositional scheme or a part of it, which itself can be considered as a
standard block of a higher order. The miniatures of the manuscript under study serve as a clear
example of the use of standard blocks in the Moscow illuminated book of the 15th century. The
article for the first time compares a large number of deesis and prophetic images.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Russian icon painting

value: iconography

value: manuscript illumination

value: icon tracing

value: standard units

value: drawings comparison

value: Commentated Prophet Books

value: RSL. Fund 173.I. No. 20


dc.contributor.author

value: Gromyko, Alexey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gromyko Al. A. Global reassembly: Empirical data in conceptual pursuit. European perspective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, pp. 209– 225. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.301 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author explores a conceptual crisis in studies, dedicated to international relations, which
are under pressure of growing number of threats and challenges. In search of new perspective
models of global economic and political development and in the pursuit of attempts to
explain the nature and causes of growing confrontation among different global actors specialists
in IR, including European studies, propose various approaches and strategies, which
often run counter to each other. The article focuses on a role of empirics in this scientific
work, on a problem of measurability of different hypotheses and generalisations. On the
basis of application of concrete indicators and data the author analyses the role of the EU,
major European countries, Russia and other centres of power in world political-economic
tables of ranks. The internal balance of power in the EU is explored, as well as main risks
and vulnerabilities in its development. In the context of global reassembly the assessments
are made on threats and challenges facing Russia. The conclusion is drawn that in the near
future the phenomenon of polycentricity with elements of composite quasi-bipolarity will
intensify. At the same tine, quasi-bipolarity represents more relevant configuration than the
hypothesis about US-China “new bipolarity”. The United States and China more and more
obviously shape new confrontational pivot of world politics in near future. This model is
characterized with quasi-bipolarity because the number of rising powers, comparable with
US and China in terms of capabilities and geopolitical ambitions, is much bigger than in the
second half of XX century.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: international relations

value: EU

value: Russia

value: USA

value: China

value: conceptual crisis

value: empirics


dc.contributor.author

value: Mamonova, Irina G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mamonova, Irina. “Kinetic Art: The Leningrad Experience, the 1920s–1990s”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 489–507. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.306

dc.description.abstract

value:
Kinetic works of Leningrad artists have never been studied as a separate topic. In 1965–1967,
kinetic art broke into the Leningrad art scene with bright projects of a Moscow artist collective
called “Dvizhenie” (“the Movement”). Soon, several young Leningrad artists became active
members of the collective. At the beginning of the 1970s, the impulse given by the “Dvizhenie”
led to the formation of an independent Leningrad art collective which worked on color music
kinetic art performances but broke up short afterwards. Is it possible to talk about some kind
of a separate Leningrad branch of kineticism? Leningrad artists whose works in the 1960s, the
1970s and later periods were related to the kinetic art perspective, and even explicitly aligned
with it, did not identify themselves with kineticism. Even in the 2010s, no one talked about kineticism
in connection with some exhibitions in Saint Petersburg which presented completely
kinetic works of art. Today, in the wake of the growing interest in this movement in Russia
in the context of recent exhibitions, the concept of kineticism has expanded to include new
names. The article considers activities of Leningrad artists associated with this art movement
in the field of theatrical kinetic performances (the “Dynamic” collective), three-dimensional
counter-relief objects (L. Borisov), color light music and paintings visualizing music (V. Afanasyev),
and architectural design / color light music projects (A. Lanin). The study also traces
parallels between proto-kinetic works of Leningrad avant-garde of the 1910s–1920s, and
works of Leningrad kinetic artists of the 1960s–1970s.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
as part of the scientific project no. 20-11-00001 with the organizational and technical support of the
Russian Academy of Arts.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: kinetic art

value: color music

value: synthesis of arts

value: Alexander Grigoryev

value: Natalya Procuratova

value: Georgy Antonov

value: Valentin Afanasyev

value: Leonid Borisov

value: August Lanin

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsvetkova, Natalia A.

value: Khudoley, Konstantin K.

value: Jeifets, Victor

value: Garbuzov, Valeriy N.

value: Istomin, Igor A.

value: Kharkevich, Maksim V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsvetkova N. A., Khudoley K. K., Jeifets V. L., Garbuzov V. N., Istomin I. A., Kharkevich M. V. Scientific journals in the context of the transformation of international relations: Problems, challenges and prospects. Part 1. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, pp. 294–315. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This review article has resulted from the discussion during the roundtable of the editors-inchief
of the international relations (IR) journals, convened by Saint Petersburg State University
as part of the Congress of the IR students (November, 2022). As a result of the discussion,
the participants agreed that Russian journals have passed a serious way of positioning at the
international level, which is proved by the statistics of indexing journals in well-known databases. The sharp transformation of the international system is only just beginning to affect
the publication activity of foreign authors and the promotion of domestic publications in the
ratings. At this historical stage, Russian journals in the field of international relations are at a
crossroads between full nationalization and functioning in the realities of fragmented globalization.
In addition, the most important challenge that scientific journals will face is the changing
market for scientific publications due to the emergence of new technologies, including the
increasing use of “artificial intelligence”. The distribution of new software products allows not
only to search for data for the implementation of scientific expertise, but also creates conditions
for the rapid preparation of manuscripts of various volumes. This will lead to a dramatic
increase in the number of scientific publications. The journals will have to be ready to create
flexible publication models and verify the validity of scientific information.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: scientific journals

value: international studies

value: internationalization of international studies


dc.contributor.author

value: Chikhachev, Aleksei Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chikhachev A. Yu. “The 21st century will be maritime”: Maritimization of French defense policy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, pp. 275– 293. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines one of the structural processes observed in defense policy of modern
France — the “maritimization”, or, in other words, the growing attention of the government
to naval issues. It is noted that since 2017, a number of signs for it have accumulated — from various statements on maritime security in strategic documents to the start of new
submarines and aircraft carrier projects. Following practical geopolitics (as a part of critical
geopolitics), the article reveals the main reasons, specifics and limitations for such process.
France have been induced to strengthen the fleet by the deterioration of security in several
regions and threats to maritime communications, the need to ensure stability of its own
“blue” economy, and by climate and biodiversity considerations as well. In practical terms,
the maritimization have implied an increased budget spending on the Navy, the adoption of
a new shipbuilding program “Mercator”, the signing of export agreements and the participation
in multilateral exercises and projects (mainly through the EU and NATO). Nevertheless,
the author comes to the conclusion that the maritime turn of French defense policy is
not so obvious, since it is not planned to the detriment of other types of armed forces. It
assumes qualitative, but not quantitative improvement of the fleet and does not look like a
unique trend against the background of other powers. With all its benefits, the Navy still
does not acquire any special status: on the contrary, the current doctrine provides for an
equal importance of all components of military forces at the same time. Thus, it seems that
the cooperation with the allies will be a key strategic orientation for France: even if its own
capabilities are expected to stay limited, it remains a considerable part of the combined sea
power of the West.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-78-00198, https://rscf.ru/
project/22-78-00198/.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: France

value: defense

value: maritime security

value: sea power

value: Emmanuel Macron


dc.contributor.author

value: Bicheev, Baazr A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bicheev, Baazr. “Iconography of Buddhism: The Tradition of Depicting the Old White Man”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 576–596. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.310 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Old White Man is a local deity revered by Buddhists in Russia. His image, based on textual
traditions and Buddhist iconography, prompted the name — the Old White Man, now widely
accepted. In the written sources he is also known as the “Conqueror and subduer of the [master
spirits] of earth and water”. The early images appeared in Mongolia under the influence of
the Chinese traditional pictures of Tú Dì, ancient deities associated with localities, while later
they were influenced by traditional images of Shòuxing, the deity of longevity. At an early stage
of the iconographic tradition, the Old White Man is depicted as a priest or a high official; his
functions are rendered via the characters of his companions, the host spirits of mountains
(sabdaks) that have the features of man and animal or animals, such as a pair of deer, chained
leopard (wolf), as well as ritual objects, including a carved staff or a dragon head staff. At
a later stage, there may be symbols associated with the giver of longevity and fertility (bald phallic head, cave, and peach). The text of the “Sutra of the Old White Man” includes the description
of his appearance (a white-bearded, bare-headed old man in a white robe), attributes
(a dragon head staff) and an allegorical landscape of a mountain and fruit trees. Neither early
nor recent Mongolian and Buryat pictures fully correspond to the description. Much closer to
it is the Kalmyk iconographic tradition. The Old White Man’s image of the Kalmyk nomads
goes back to the ancient mythological idea of the deity as the keeper of domestic animals. Due
to transformations in the religious sphere, the keeper of domestic animals becomes the Old
White Man, the lord of all living beings and all earthly space. Traditionally, he is presented as a
standing old man, bare-headed and his long gray hair gathered in the form of a triratna. He is
dressed in a belted robe, with another swinging robe thrown on it. In his right hand, he holds
a staff with a dragon’s head and a rosary in his left. There are no companions or animals. The
symbolic landscape serves to enhance the grandiose figure of the old man. The details of the
attire and the landscape refer to the former Chinese influence.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 3

value: Buddhism

value: local deities

value: Old White Man

value: textual traditions

value: religious iconography

value: the tradition of the deity’s iconography

value: artistic influence

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Folieva, Tatyana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Folieva, Tatyana. “S. M. Eisenstein and Disciple: The Anti-Religious Novel ‘Kajana’ by K. K. Pipinashvili”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 557–575. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.309 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article talks about the creation by the director Konstantin Konstantinovich Pipinashvili of
his first film “Kajana” (1941). In 1932, Pipinashvili entered the workers’ faculty of the State Institute
of Cinematography (GIK), graduated from it in 1936 and decided to make a film based
on the story of the classic of Georgian literature N. Lomouri. In the Russian State Archive of
Literature and Art (RGALI), documents were found that were not previously published, which
shed light on the relationship of Pipinashvili with his teacher S. M. Eisenstein. It was possible
to find out that strong friendly relations arose between them, it was planned that Pipinashvili’s
film “Kajana” would be the preface to the film “Bezhin Meadow”. However, the prohibition of
the latter and the persecution of Eisenstein did not allow these plans to come true — the filming
of Kazhdana was stopped, despite all the efforts of the young director. himself Pipinashvili continued to study, now at the directing department with Eisenstein and at the end of 1939,
after graduating from the GIK, arrives at the Tbilisi film studio and tries to re-launch the film
“Kajana” into film production. The film studio went to meet Pipinashvili, a full-length film was
shot, which was released in Georgian and Russian in May 1941. We found a transcript of the
discussion of the film “Kajana” in the Cinema House. This document shows how the figure of
Eisenstein was perceived in the early 1940s, how anti-religious cinematography was treated at
that time, how the problem of formalism was touched upon. We also see how the official goal
differs from the artist’s idea. In the letters of Konstantin Konstantinovich it is clear to Pipinashvili
that he is aimed at co-creation, he is captured by the ideas of the teacher. In the documents,
we see what film functionaries want: “Kajana” as a pedagogical anti-religious story about the
dangers of superstition and the bright future of the Georgian people. Pipinashvili managed to
preserve his own style and national flavor. The composition, thoughtfulness of shots, the use
of light and shadow, editing — all this is under the influence of Eisenstein.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: S. M. Eisenstein

value: K. K. Pipinashvili anti-religious cinema

value: history of Soviet cinema

value: formalism

value: “Bezhin Meadow”

value: Georgian cinema

value: “Kajana”


dc.contributor.author

value: Tkachenko, Stanislav L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tkachenko S. L. From unipolarity to G-Zero and beyond: Political economy of the world without superpowers. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, pp. 240–254. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The erosion of the unipolar system of international relations, accelerated as a result of the
turbulent events of 2022, is returning experts in the field of international relations to discuss
the phenomenon of the balance of power and its embodiment in various models. During the
thirty-year period, following the end of the Cold War (1991–2021), the system of interstate relations
went through periods when unipolar, bipolar and multipolar models were considered
optimal. This article, based on the author’s address at the plenary session of the First Saint-
Petersburg Congress of International Studies, proposes a political and economic interpretation
of the consequences that the member states of the world community will face at a new
stage in the transformation of the modern architecture of international relations in the 21st
century through the mechanism of the balance of power. The trend of reducing state power in comparison with the growing economic power of market institutions and business structures
in the modern era has been replaced by a reverse trend. It is characterized by the “return of
the state” against the backdrop of a global system in crisis. The absence of a hegemonic state in
the new system leads to the destruction of the foundations of the international liberal order,
the formation of a decentralized system of alliances of states, an increase in the number and
scale of economic conflicts, expressed both in the formation of regional trade blocks and in
the expansion of the practice of applying economic sanctions as a substitute for armed conflicts
of the past. A new era in the political and economic development of the planet, in which
new actors will replace the superpowers of the past, should be characterized as a period of
competitive interdependence. The coming years will show what will prevail — competition,
extolled by representatives of the realistic school of the theory of international relations, i. e.
inter-country/inter-bloc rivalry, or interdependence raised to the shield by the liberals.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: balance of power

value: international political economy

value: multipolarity

value: BRICS

value: G-Zero


dc.contributor.author

value: Vakarchuk, Denis O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vakarchuk D. O. Empirical verification of the concept of regional leadership on the example of rising powers. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, pp. 255–274. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the domestic and foreign scientific literature, a consensus has appeared on the identification
of the rising state’s status as a regional power. Most often, the BRICS countries are being identified
as rising states. In recent years, publications identified the MIKTA countries as rising
middle powers that already have the status of regional powers or tend to be such. The purpose
of the article is to determine whether participation in the BRICS and MIKTA formats allows
states to strengthen their regional leadership or claim regional leadership. As a part of the empirical
study the regional leadership of the BRICS and MIKTA states, on the one hand, is being
considered from the point of assessing the material power attributes throughout the use of the
Composite Index of National Capability; оn the other hand, we proceed from a constructivist
approach to the leadership concept. This approach allows us to consider leadership as a constructed
category depending on the recognition by powers of a different order as belonging to
the region, the legitimacy of the regional leader status for one or another state of the BRICS
and MIKTA. Methodologically we proceed from the fact that the category of legitimacy can
be operationalized by identifying the cohesion of voting in the UN General Assembly of the
BRICS and MIKTA states with the states belonging to their regions. The top numbers of the
similarity index average value indicate the recognition of the regional leadership of the BRICS
and MIKTA member states by the follower states belonging to their regions. At the level of the
hypothesis, it is expected that the average values of the similarity index, firstly, will be equal
for the BRICS countries and the MIKTA countries, and secondly, they will be set to top values.
Thus, this article is to determine the correlation between the resource endowment of the state’s
regional leadership and the legitimacy of such leadership.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: MIKTA

value: rising powers

value: regional leadership

value: regional power

value: UN General Assembly

value: quantitative analysis

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Supyan, Victor B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Supyan V. B. US positions in world economy: Current conditions and prospects. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 3, pp. 226–239. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.302 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
There are several indicators which reflect the level of economic development of each country.
Among most important — GDP, GDP per capita, scientific and technological potential human
resources, the country’s positions in the world trade and capital transactions. The author
makes a conclusion that the US positions remain strong in the world economy and international
economic relations. The article aims to show the evolution of the American model of
capitalism and its opportunities to adapt to new challenges of the 21st century. The author
reviews the basic characteristics of this model and its distinction from other market economy
models. It is demonstrated that in the USA, the leading role in economic development is
played by private sector, and the government occupies much more modest positions. The author
demonstrates that due to the liberal model the country has reached significant economic
and social results, including high economic growth and high living standards. The advantages
of the American model are quite obvious: commitment to high economic efficiency, development
of science and innovations, economic growth and high living standards. The shortcomings
of the American model are also quite evident. Among them there are: a problem of social
and income inequality, the emergence of new economic challenges, including those connected
with pandemics and climate change, which test the American model for its sustainability and
effectiveness. Another issue is new emerging markets that are not liberal at all. Especially we
can talk about China which became the real rival to the American economy. The modern
stage of globalization puts several new problems before the American capitalism, such as the
is exacerbation of contradictions between old industrial countries and emerging economies,
between strengthened multinational corporations and the governments of the countries they
came from. The author makes a conclusion that despite both internal and external challenges
the existing potential of the American economic model is still not exhausted. At the same
time, it is evident that the question of its adaption to all existing issues is quite real and demands
solution.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: American economic model

value: GDP

value: evolution of economic model

value: economic growth

value: economic infrastructure

value: level of economic development

value: economic indicators

value: productivity of labor

value: human development index

value: global innovation index


dc.contributor.author

value: Daneykin, Yuri V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Daneykin Yu. V. 2023. Regional ecosystem of technological entrepreneurship: Model and methodology for assessing performance (the case of the Novgorod region). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (3): 337–365. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article proposes a model of a multi-level regional ecosystem of technological entrepreneurship
and a methodology for assessing its effectiveness. The problems of innovative development
of high-tech industries are significant, but only a small part of first-time entrepreneurs associate
their businesses with high technology. In Russia, only 3% of startups emerge at universities. The
most favorable environment for the development of technological entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial
ecosystems covering university, regional and sectoral levels. The article focuses on the
formation of technological entrepreneurship ecosystems in the regions that generate business
projects with a high potential for market success. Using the ecosystem approach, the theory of
entrepreneurship, the structural and functional typology of economic systems, the study discusses
a methodical approach to the creation and development of regional ecosystems of student
technological entrepreneurship. The paper shows the object, project, process, and environmental
elements of the regional ecosystem of student technological entrepreneurship. Methodology for
assessment of the performance of regional ecosystems of student technological entrepreneurship
is proposed, including assessment at the level of university (the effectiveness of educational
technologies, programs, climate, and infrastructure), industry and the region. The results are significant
for the formation of an optimally functioning economy in the current conditions, the acceleration
of import substitution, and the achievement of the country's technological sovereignty.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 3

value: regional ecosystem

value: technological development

value: high-tech industries

value: innovative infrastructure

value: entrepreneurial activity

value: student technological entrepreneurship

value: human capital

value: competences

value: new knowledge


dc.contributor.author

value: Kriklivetc, Anna A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kriklivetc A. A. 2023. The role of generations in family firms’ internationalization: Systematic literature review. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (3): 391–421. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this study is to summarize the existing knowledge on the role of generations
in the internationalization of family businesses and to outline promising future research directions
in the field. The search for relevant papers was conducted in two major databases — Web
of Science and EBSCO. The final sample consists of 51 articles published from 2000 to 2021.
The articles were grouped into 5 major clusters, according to the research focus. Every cluster
revealed several further research directions. Also there has been found an important research
gap in the application of the theory of generations to the family business internationalization
research. The main implication of this research is that the investigation of the topics identified in
this paper would enrich and deepen our knowledge about family business internationalization
in a systematic manner.The main limitation of this research is that the role of generations is considered
only in the process of internationalization. Family business owners can use the results of
this research when planning to launch their businesses on international markets. The process of
internationalization of family firms is complex and multifaceted since these firms are unique and
significantly differ from non-family firms. Thus, the understanding of how this process is influenced by the involvement of family members from different generations would help to advance
the existing knowledge on the topic.

value: family firms

value: family business

value: internationalization

value: international family business

value: generations

value: family firm’s succession

value: literature review

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Berezinets, Irina V.

value: Ilina, Yulia B.

value: Bobrov, Konstantin A.

value: Koptsev, Vladimir S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berezinets I. V., Ilina Yu. B., Bobrov К. А., Koptsev V. S. 2023. Alternative investments: Motives and risks for investors on crowdfunding platforms. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (3): 313–336. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
With the development of financial markets and digital technologies, private companies are starting
to actively use alternative financing tools, which, in turn, are becoming an alternative for
investors to put money in traditional financial assets. Among these instruments, equity crowdfunding
(crowdinvesting) plays a special role, an innovative method of financing through which
issuers raise funds on online portals — crowdfunding platforms, and investors make investments
in exchange for company shares. The subject of many academic and practical studies is the motives
and risks of investing in this instrument. Due to the information asymmetry that exists
between issuers and investors, the high uncertainty of future cash flows, the dominance of nonprofessional
investors in the market, and a short history of the equity crowdfunding market, currently
the issues of investors’ motives and risks remain poorly studied and the results of research
are mixed. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the motives for investing in
shares of small and medium-sized businesses on crowdfunding platforms, the risks associated
with them, and the relationship between investment motives and characteristics of investors and
crowdfunding campaigns. The research methodology was based on a review of contemporary
studies on the issues under consideration. Based on the academic concepts, the experience of experts
in this field and the authors’ own expertise acquired in the field of alternative investments,
the authors put forward their own view building on the existing ideas. The results of the study
are valuable for all participants of the equity crowdfunding process: issuing companies, investors,
crowdfunding platforms. The authors contribute to the existing research on equity crowdfunding
by proposing new approaches to identification of the motives of different categories of investors
in relation to the factors which were not previously studied.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: alternative investments

value: equity crowdfunding

value: crowdinvesting

value: crowdfunding platforms

value: information asymmetry


dc.contributor.author

value: Kropachev, Nikolay M.

value: Lavrikova, Marina Yu.

value: Molitvin, Mikhail N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kropachev N. M., Lavrikova M.Yu., Molitvin M. N. 2023. Vision of the third mission in Saint Petersburg State University and the universities of the Republic of Korea. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (3): 269–288. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.301 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the 21st century researchers redefine the role of universities in the life and development of
society. Activities in this area have become so important that they are considered as a special
mission along with the traditional educational and research missions. At the same time, no consensus
has been formed yet on which areas of university activities should be in the centre of the third mission. Experts from Western universities put emphasis on the commercialization of the
products of educational and especially research missions in the interests of the society. Our study
examines the vision of the third mission at St. Petersburg State University, as well as at universities
in the Republic of Korea. The material for the study make the speeches of the participants of
the 9th Forum of Rectors of the leading Universities of Russia and the Republic of Korea as well
as a wide range of information on this topic on the St. Petersburg University portal. The analysis
showed the similarity of the approaches of St. Petersburg State University and Korean universities
to interaction with society and industry. St. Petersburg State University meets the society’s
expectations about education and development. Representatives of employers are involved in
the development of specialized programs and evaluation of learning outcomes. Internships in
research institutes and enterprises provide students with employment and future career growth.
University pays a special attention to creating comfortable working conditions at the university,
in which students and teachers are part of the local society. In addition, access to the university’s
cultural and museum resources is open to all citizens.

dc.subject

value: third mission of universities

value: social mission of universities

value: St. Petersburg State University

value: universities of the Republic of Korea

value: higher education

value: society


dc.contributor.author

value: Zavyalova, Elena K.

value: Posokhova, Svetlana T.

value: Lisovskaya, Antonina Yu.

value: Kosheleva, Sofia V.

value: Sokolov, Dmitri N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zavyalova E. K., Posokhova S. T., Lisovskaya A. Yu., Kosheleva S. V., Sokolov D. N. 2023. Executive education (MBA) as a factor of career development of women managers. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (3): 289–312. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.302 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the study is to answer the question whether postgraduate education (Master of
Business Administration — MBA) is a factor of creating women’s career capital, which is “converted”
into income and social status. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of career
capital. The empirical base includes the results of a survey of 241 MBA program graduates of one of the leading Russian business schools two years after their graduation. The analysis of the
results showed that postgraduate education contributed to the formation of career capital of the
managers, which is further used to achieve income and status. Gender differences were most
prominent in the increase of income after school: the female managers did not reach the level of
income received by the male MBA graduates. The career capital of female managers, who managed
to increase their income to a greater extent, was distinguished by the ability to use the social
bondings received during MBA training. It is necessary to pay attention to the development of
women's business communication skills, to introduce them to modern technologies for creating
social networks in order to level off the situation on the labor market which ensures professional
growth and reduces social inequality in the highly competitive professional environment.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant No. 20-013-00427
“Psychological resources of professional self-realization and social success of adults in the context of lifelong
education”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: executive education

value: MBA

value: career capital

value: career

value: gender problems

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Staroverova, Irina I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Staroverova I. I. 2023. Brand management through building a loyalty chain of the target audience. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (3): 366–390. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper examines theoretical approaches to brand management and loyalty management. The
method used is the analyses of academic publications, scientific articles on brand management
and loyalty management. The author argues that brand management aims at a customer’s loyalty
to a brand, whereas loyalty management considers branding as one of the techniques to obtain
customer loyalty towards a company. However, none of these two subject matters fully defines the
mechanics of how brand loyalty is formed and how a brand can manage that. The author introduces
the notion of customer loyalty chain which consists of positive brand attitude formation,
trust, forming satisfaction from brand interacting, and as a consequence, creation of loyalty. Understanding
of customer’s cognitive and affective processes including customer’s reasons, drivers and barriers at every stage of brand loyalty formation helps a company manage more precisely
the process of brand loyalty formation, integrate these data into a new brand creation making the
brand native for the customer. The paper provides mechanisms of customer loyalty chain integration
into brand management and evaluation metrics system of such integration.

dc.subject

value: brand management

value: loyalty management

value: loyalty chain

value: customer loyalty

value: branding

value: brand success


dc.contributor.author

value: Bondareva, Elvira

value: Parfenteva, Olga

value: Vasileva, Aleksandra

value: Kulemin, Nikolay

value: Gadzhiakhmedova, Aida

value: Kovaleva, Olga

value: Khromov-Borisov, Nikita

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bondareva, E., Parfenteva, O., Vasileva, A., Kulemin, N., Gadzhiakhmedova, A., Kovaleva, O., and Khromov-Borisov, N. 2023. Agreement of bioimpedance analysis and ultrasound scanning for fat mass, fat free mass and body fat percentage evaluation in the group of adult women. Bio. Comm. 68(3): 173–180. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.305

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study aims to perform an agreement analysis of bioimpedance (BIA) results
obtained using АВС-02 “Medas” (Russia) and ultrasound scanning (US) using
BodyMetrixTM (USA) for fat mass, fat free mass and body fat percentage in
the group of females from Moscow. The study was performed with 180 female
subjects 18–67 years of age. The agreement analysis conducted in the whole
sample revealed a low level of agreement in estimating body fat percentage
(CCC = 0.70 0.76 0.81) and fat free mass (CCC = 0.86 0.89 0.91), but agreement can
be described as medium in estimating fat mass (CCC = 0.90 0.92 0.94). Then we
adjusted the prediction equations and the agreement analysis was conducted
again. Adjusted prediction equations improved the level of agreement to medium
when estimating body fat percentage and fat free mass. Thus, the proposed
equations can be used for the translation of body composition results obtained
by US into the BIA data.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by the
Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-
75-10122 “Evaluation of the influence of
endogenous and exogenous factors for the
development of various types of obesity”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 3

value: body composition

value: body fat mass

value: free fat mass

value: BodyMetrixTM

value: АВС-02 Medas

value: agreement analysis


dc.contributor.author

value: Ameyaw, Abdul-Kadir

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ameyaw A.-K. 2023. Spanning the boundaries: International business theories in a complex global environment. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (3): 422–444. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.307

dc.description.abstract

value:
The field of international business is constantly evolving, and there is much debate about what
exactly constitutes international business and how its definition influences theorizing. Traditionally
international business has focused on cross-border activities of multinational enterprises,
including foreign direct investment, multinational enterprises’ strategies, and organization, along
with the understanding of the process of internationalization. Changes in the global environment
have necessitated a broader, multidisciplinary approach to international business theorizing.
This paper explores how international business emerged as a field of inquiry and how the
interrelated fields such as international management, international entrepreneurship, and international
strategy can inform international business theorizing. A more complementary approach
would be beneficial rather than treating these fields as distinct ones. Moreover, this paper recognizes
the complex nature of the global environment and highlights the myriad of challenges and
opportunities it presents for businesses operating internationally. It proposes a future research
agenda that considers this intricate global context, and challenges international business scholars
to adopt a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to develop comprehensive theories that capture
the dynamic and interconnected nature of the complex global business environment.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 3

value: international business theory

value: foreign direct investment

value: multinational enterprise

value: emerging markets

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Petersen, Elena

value: Chudakova, Daria

value: Erdyneeva, Daiana

value: Zorigt, Dulamsuren

value: Shabalina, Evgeniya

value: Karalkin, Pavel

value: Reshetov, Igor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petersen, E., Chudakova, D., Erdyneeva, D., Zorigt, D., Shabalina, E., Karalkin, P., and Reshetov, I. 2023. Cancer as a potential sequela of COVID-19 — should we modify 3D cell culture models accordingly? Bio. Comm. 68(3): 190–198. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.307

dc.description.abstract

value:
COVID-19 pandemic was caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus from the family
Coronaviridae, firstly identified in Wuhan, China in 2019. COVID-19 remains
one of the main challenges of healthcare, given growing numbers of people
with COVID-19 in anamnesis, and given the long-lasting consequences and
complications of this disease. Cancer is one of the most common diseases in
the world, thus a big part of the population is affected by both COVID-19 and
cancer. In this succinct review we refer to several recent works expressing a
view that COVID-19 might be oncogenic, and describe molecular mechanisms
of such phenomena. Next, we describe several tumorigenic changes in the tissue
microenvironment as COVID-19 sequelae, which can potentially affect cancer
pathogenesis and response of a tumor to therapy. 3D cell culture models
are a “golden standard” of in vitro studies in translational oncology. To the best
of our knowledge, 3D cell culture systems to study tumor behavior in the tissue
microenvironment affected by COVID-19 have not been developed yet. We
propose several actionable steps which can be taken to modify existing 3D cell
culture models accordingly, to address the needs of translational oncology in
the COVID-19 post-pandemic times.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study was supported by
grants No. 21-15-00411 and No. 18-15-
00391 from the Russian Science Foundation.
This study was made possible through the
support of the Applied Genetics Resource
Facility of Moscow Institute of Physics and
Technology (support grant No. 075-15-2021-
684).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: 3D cell culture models

value: tumor microenvironment

value: malignant tumors

value: translational medicine

value: personalized medicine

value: drug development

value: oncology


dc.contributor.author

value: Blanco, Nicolás Olegario

value: Gili, Valeria

value: Laiuppa, Juan Andrés

value: Graciela, Edith Santillán

dc.identifier.citation

value: Blanco, N. O., Gili, V., Laiuppa, J. A., and Santillán, G. E. 2023. Ethanolic extract of Aloe arborescens stimulates neonatal rat calvarial cells proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. Bio. Comm. 68(3): 151–163. https://doi.org/10.21638/ spbu03.2023.303

dc.description.abstract

value:
The medicinal plant Aloe arborescens Miller has chemical compounds that could
stimulate the activity of bone-forming cells, but no studies have been found in
this regard. We evaluated the effects of different dilutions of aqueous (1/10;
1/100; 1/1000) or ethanolic (1/1000; 1/2000; 1/5000) extracts of parenchyma
from A. arborescens on the viability, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation
of primary cell cultures from neonatal rat calvaria. In none of the
conditions studied did cell viability decrease (p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, the 1/5000
ethanolic extract dilution showed a positive effect on cell viability at 48 h and 72 h
and the latter was correlated with a 27 % (p ≤ 0.01) increase in cell proliferation.
Ethanolic extract significantly stimulated cell migration and cultured mineralization
with respect to control, showing the maximal effect at a dilution 1/5000. Together,
the results show that the A. arborescens extracts do not have toxic effects.
In addition, ethanolic extract stimulates proliferation, migration and osteogenic
differentiation of rat calvarial cells, suggesting a potential bone anabolic action.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: osteoblast

value: proliferation

value: migration

value: osteogenic differentiation

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Litvinovich, Andrey

value: Lavrishchev, Anton

value: Bure, Vladimir

value: Miladinović, Vladimir

value: Saljnikov, Elmira

dc.identifier.citation

value: Litvinovich, A., Lavrishchev, A., Bure, V., Miladinović, V., and Saljnikov, E. 2023. Changes in Mn availability and soil acidity in Albic Retisol limed with dolomite screenings of various sizes and doses: A long-term microfield experiment in the north-western Russia. Bio. Comm. 68(3): 135–144. https://doi.org/10.21638/ spbu03.2023.301

dc.description.abstract

value:
Liming of acidic soils is associated with various processes in the soil, including
the availability of nutrients for plants. The vector and extent of these changes
depend, inter alia, on the type of lime material and the doses used. Particularly,
excessive liming can trigger a deficiency of manganese for crops. A long-term
microfield experiment (13 test years) was carried out on Albic Retisols reclaimed
with the dolomite particles of various sizes as a by-product of stone processing
quarries. Ten treatments including various sized dolomite particles and their
combinations, as well as traditional limestone flour on the background of NPK
fertilizer were studied for the changes in soil acidity indicators (exchangeable
acidity, pH; hydrolytic acidity, Hy; total acidity, Htot) and manganese availability.
The amount of acidic components passing into the extract of 1N KCl was
insufficient to reveal a dependency between the exchangeable acidity and the
content of mobile manganese in the soil of most treatments limed with dolomite
particles of various sizes. However, the relationship between the content
of mobile Mn in soils and the value of hydrolytic acidity was proved by paired
linear regressions. Regardless of the dose and size of dolomite particles added,
the soil was highly and moderately supplied with plant available manganese
during the entire study period.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Retisol

value: dolomite screenings

value: manganese

value: hydrolytic acidity

value: dependency


dc.contributor.author

value: Fedorova, Natalia

value: Sokolov, Alexey

value: Trashkov, Alexander

value: Varfolomeeva, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fedorova, N., Sokolov, A., Trashkov, A., and Varfolomeeva, E. 2023. The preparation of samples for studying neutrophils without their isolation. Bio. Comm. 68(3): 145–150. https://doi. org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.302

dc.description.abstract

value:
Neutrophils are the primary cells of the innate immune system. They destroy
pathogenic microorganisms carrying out the oxidative stress mechanism
through phagocytosis and extracellular traps (NETs). There is no doubt about
the need to study neutrophils’ functional activity, but there are some methodological
problems with the nativity of conditions in such experiments. The aim
of this work is to propose a method of preparing a sample of peripheral blood
neutrophils for study by spectral-optical methods (such as confocal microscopy)
providing an increased level of the nativity of the conditions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The institutional research project
No. 121060200125-2.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 3

value: neutrophils

value: reactive oxygen species

value: respiratory burst

value: confocal microscopy


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreeva, Elena

value: Burlakovskiy, Mikhail

value: Buzovkina, Irina

value: Chekunova, Elena

value: Dodueva, Irina

value: Golubkova, Elena

value: Matveenko, Andrew

value: Rumyantsev, Andrew

value: Tsvetkova, Natalia

value: Zadorsky, Sergey

value: Nizhnikov, Anton

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreeva, E., Burlakovskiy, M., Buzovkina, I., Chekunova, E., Dodueva, I., Golubkova, E., Matveenko, A., Rumyantsev, A., Tsvetkova, N., Zadorsky, S., and Nizhnikov, A. 2023. Genetic Collections of St. Petersburg University. Bio. Comm. 68(3): 199–214. https://doi. org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.308

dc.description.abstract

value:
Bioresource collections represent a unique source of biological diversity for
research in genetics and related disciplines. The Department of Genetics and
Biotechnology of St. Petersburg State University is the oldest department of
genetics in Russia, founded in 1919. Throughout the entire period of development,
the geneticists of St. Petersburg University have collected unique forms
of plants, animals and microorganisms, on which their research was based.
Many of these studies including regulation of translation termination in yeast,
amyloids and prions of different organisms, genetic mapping of valuable morphological
and biochemical traits to create first rye chromosome maps, and several
aspects of transcription regulation in plants, had a significant novelty. The
most active accumulation of collections of genetic resources at St. Petersburg
State University started in the 1950–1970s when important scientific directions
in the genetics of microorganisms, plants and animals, many of which continue
today, were established at the department. Genetic collections are actively
used in educational work for teaching dozens of educational courses. Currently,
the interdisciplinary genetic collections of St. Petersburg State University consist
of seven sections including genetic collections of rye, radish, garden pea,
Chlamydomonas algae, Saccharomyces yeast and plasmids, Komagataella yeast,
Drosophila fly. This review describes in detail the collections of the Department
of Genetics and Biotechnology of St. Petersburg State University and discusses
their current state, application and development prospects.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by
the grant of the President of the Russian
Federation MD-2302.2022.5 (collection data
systematization) and the Russian Science
Foundation grant No. 23-14-00063 (review
of the Peterhof Genetic Collection of Yeast,
city part).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Bioresource collections

value: genetic collections

value: yeast

value: rye

value: plasmid

value: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

value: Drosophila melanogaster

value: Komagataella phaffii

value: Secale cereale

value: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

value: Raphanus sativus

value: Pisum sativum

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dorofeikova, Mariia

value: Antonova, Irina

value: Gromova, Galina

value: Veraksa, Anastasia

value: Filatova, Elena

value: Egorov, Alexei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dorofeikova, M., Antonova, I., Gromova, G., Veraksa, A., Filatova, E., and Egorov, A. 2023. Sex-dependent effects of chronic intermittent ethanol treatment in Wistar rats. Bio. Comm. 68(3): 164–172. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.304

dc.description.abstract

value:
Multiple behavioral parameters are associated with vulnerability to alcohol dependence,
but the contribution of such factors as cognitive flexibility and sex
differences still require further clarification. Our goal was to assess how sex
differences mediate relationships between cognitive flexibility, affective state,
hierarchy and ethanol preference before and after chronic intermittent ethanol
(CIE) exposure in Wistar rats. The results of our study revealed sex-dependent
changes in ethanol preference and locomotor activity throughout the time.
Anxiety levels were sex-dependently affected by ethanol exposure with a dramatic
decrease in ethanol-exposed females. Similarly, striatal tyrosine hydroxylase
expression was affected by CIE in a sex-dependent manner, with ethanolexposed
females having higher expression than males. Baseline cognitive flexibility
was better in rats with higher locomotor activity and lower anxiety levels
but did not correlate with ethanol preference in rats. Taken together, these
results are important for understanding sex-dependent alterations in brain and
behavior induced by alcohol. This provides important insights into understanding
sex differences in the risk for mental disorders.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out with the
support of the State Program, topic No. 075-
0152-22-00.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: chronic intermittent ethanol exposure

value: ethanol preference

value: alcohol

value: sex differences

value: anxiety

value: cognitive flexibility

value: tyrosine hydroxylase

value: striatum

value: rat


dc.contributor.author

value: Popov, Igor

value: Starikov, Dmitry

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popov, I. and Starikov, D. 2023. Natural habitats for the stable existence of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in the North. Bio. Comm. 68(3): 181–189. https://doi. org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.306

dc.description.abstract

value:
Wild boar Sus scrofa populations are actively expanding northwards. Their presence
in the North is closely tied to anthropogenic activities, as wild boars are
either fed, or find food and suitable habitat at farmlands. However, the nature
reserves of the northern part of Russia show that wild boars are able to survive
on their own even in a completely natural environment. In the taiga zone, there
are habitats providing for their survival in winter: wetlands in mires and around
large water bodies, and dense spruce forests. Continued northwards expansion
of wild boar range is likely if pressure from hunting is reduced. Modelling
based on climatic variables also shows that they could potentially inhabit vast
areas in the North. The existence of wild boars in the North is interrelated with
other species of relatively large mammals (beavers and roe deer) and partly
supports the idea of “Pleistocene rewilding” in a boreal environment, i. e., the
potential to increase the variety and numbers of megafauna representatives.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Igor Popov acknowledges
the support from the Russian Science
Foundation, project No. 23-24-00031.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: wild boar

value: North

value: habitat

value: expansion

value: nature reserves

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivankiva, Marina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivankiva M. V. Why read about animals: On the formation of the animal autobiography as a literary genre in the 18th–19th century British literature. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2023, 20 (2): 495–515. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents an analysis of the genesis of the genre of animal autobiography in English
literature at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries. The emergence, formation and evolution of
the genre is considered in three contexts. The ideas of Adam Smith and David Hume together
with the pedagogical teachings of John Locke and Sarah Trimmer form the central philosophical
concepts of the new genre: sentimental feeling, sympathy, concern for the well-being of
another living being. Comparison of the animal autobiography with “novel of circulation”, a
popular in the XVIII century type of novel about adventures of a thing, focuses readers attention
on animate and inanimate narrator which leads to the didactics of a new genre. Autobiographical
narratives such as “The Life and Perambulations of a Mouse” of Dorothy Kilner,
“Adventures of a Donkey” of Arabella Argus, and “Black Beauty” of Anna Sewell are studied in
the context of the 18th and 19th century novel culture and since the authors of such autobiographies
were predominantly women, who were responsible for caregiving and education, within
the female narrative strategies in biographies. Written over two centuries ago by women who
appropriated the voices of animals and spoke of their well-being, animal autobiographies are
studied in terms of ecofeminist critique and human-animal studies. It is concluded that this
genre may be regarded as an enlightenment project, which had and still has not only a didactic,
but also an emancipatory function.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 20; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: animal autobiography

value: children’s literature

value: Enlightenment

value: British literature

value: empathy