dc.contributor.author

value: Steila, Daniela

dc.identifier.citation

value: Daniela Steila. Labor between Biology and Religion (Some Bolsheviks’ Reflections Before the Revolution). Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 63–74.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses philosophical discussions on the sense of labor in pre-revolutionary Russian Marxism. The author maintains that the “left” Bolsheviks’ thinking presents some common traits and a common philosophical horizon. Both A. A. Bogdanov and A. V. Lunacharsky consider that the human being is not a passive observer of external objective reality or the servant of historical necessity. Being the center of knowledge and action he is able to impose his own rules and to organize the world within the limits of his experience. The problem of human labor highlights some interesting aspects as regards the relationship between humankind and nature, and helps to clarify the specific positions of “left” Bolsheviks on matter and spirit, as well as on biology and religion.
With Hegel and Marx, Russian Marxists consider labor as the “mediation” between the human being and the world. Labor is considered to be, on the one hand, the “biological” relationship between the human being and his environment, on the other hand a specific human instance as “useful” labor. Discussion between Bogdanov and Lunacharsky about the use of the word “labor” is conducted in Avenarius’ terminology. According to the author this is the way to put an end to mechanicism, which seemed the scientific grounds of Plekhanov’s orthodoxy, with the help of “energetism” and empiriocriticism. Bogdanov wants to establish a continuity between the understanding of the human world and society, on the one hand, and the natural, physical world-views on the other. Lunacharsky, on the contrary, made labor the cornerstone of a religious-eschatological world-view. And from both their standpoints, the reflection on labor leads to find as its subject not the single human being, but the collective. Refs 28.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was translated in English by Lucia Pasini.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Russian Marxism

value: “left ” Bolsheviks

value: A. A. Bogdanov

value: A. V. Lunacharsky

value: labor


dc.contributor.author

value: Zvonarev, Nikita K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zvonarev N.K. Search of weights in problem of weighted finite-rank time-series approximation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 570–581.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of weighted finite-rank time-series approximation is considered for signal estimation. Finding
of weights, which lead to improvement of estimate accuracy, is examined. An effective method for numerical
search of weights is constructed and proved. The theory of quadratic optimization is used. For effective
algorithm, the problem of quadratic optimization with large number of linear constraints reduced to a
sequence of problems with smaller number constraints, which is completed by a stopping criterion. For the
algorithm deduction, equivalence of different statements of the original optimization problem is proved. A
numerical simulation is performed to approve the algorithm efficiency and improvement of the estimate
accuracy. Refs 10. Figs 2. Table 1.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант №16-04-00821).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: time series

value: time series of finite rank

value: Cadzow’s iterative method

value: weighted low-rank approximation

value: oblique singular value decomposition

value: quadratic programming

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Bzikadze, Andrey V.

value: Nekrutkin, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bzikadze A. V., Nekrutkin V. V. On some statistical properties of the “Book Stack” transformation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 533–543.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper is devoted to the statistical properties of the so-called “Book Stack” transformation. It was
proposed by B. Ryabko (Probl. Inf. Trans, 16(4), 1980) as the method of data compression. B. Ryabko and
A. Pestunov used (Probl. Inf. Trans, 40(1), 2004) the transformation to construct the statistical test of the
same name. The test is used to saying the null hypothesis that the “input” pure random sample is taken
from the discrete uniform distribution with the given support. The idea of B. Ryabko and A. Pestunov
is to verify this hypothesis with the help of the “output” sample which is obtained by the “Book Stack”
transformation. Thus, arises the natural problem of comparing the results of the same criterion for “input”
and “output” samples. Under the null hypothesis, procedures are equivalent, but if the null hypothesis
fails, the results are generally different. Obviously, these results depend on the class of alternatives. The
natural alternative is that the “input” pure random sample is taken from a discrete, but non-uniform,
distribution with fixed support. We prove that several standard criteria applied to the “input” sample are
more powerful than the same criteria applied to the “output” sample. In particular, this effect occurs for
the likelihood ratio criterion and, with some formal restrictions, to the chi-square criterion. Refs 14.

dc.subject

value: data compression

value: “Book Stack” transformation

value: discrete uniform distribution

value: statistical hypothesis


title: Orthogonal triangulation of polygons

dc.contributor.author

value: Kalnitsky, Vyacheslav S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalnitsky V. S. Orthogonal triangulation of polygons. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 594–601.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Triangulation of polygons arises in various applications, such as computer graphics or automatic designing
systems. One of the goals of triangulation is to replace some, usually convex, polygonal area into fragments,
for which the test and design tasks are performed by the most simple and unified way. Most of the known
algorithms work with the triangles. The question of whether or not you can always assume that the
polygon belongs to a rectangular net and is made up of rectangles and right triangles of the net, perhaps
for the first time, was placed by N. Yu. Dodonov in connection with the works for the reconstruction
of parametric surfaces specified with tabular data. Despite the fact that the answer to this question is
positive for triangles (obviously) and convex quadrilaterals, in this paper it is proved that a 7-dimensional
space of convex pentagons set of untriangulated 5-gon has a non-empty interior. Thus, it denied even the
possibility of approximation this polygon by triangulated ones. Refs 3. Figs 5. Tables 2.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: section of polyhedral domains

value: orthogonal net

value: triangulation

dc.title

value: Orthogonal triangulation of polygons


dc.contributor.author

value: Vlassiev, Sergey M.

value: Vostokov, Sergei V.

value: Gorshkov, Andrei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vlassiev S.M., Vostokov S.V., Gorshkov A.A. Regular formal modules in onedimensional local fields. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 544–551.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Studies of regular local fields were started in 1962 in Z. I. Borevich’s article during his work on tamely
ramified extensions. This article generalizes an idea of local fields regularity in terms of formal groups
and corresponding formal modules. The article considers formal group over a ring of integers of a local
field (finite extension of p-adic numbers) and a formal module built via this formal group over a ring of
integers’ maximal ideal. To be regular formal module should not contain non-trivial roots of isogeny of
corresponding formal group. The article describes totally regular in terms of formal groups local fields,
i.e. fields, which are together with all their unramified extensions are regular in terms of formal group.
Original Borevich’s work may be considered as a solution for a case of multiplicative formal groups. This
paper is the next step that provides description for totally regular local fields and corresponding formal
modules in cases of polynomial formal groups, Lubin-Tate formal groups and Honda formal groups. When
classification in special cases was received new problems have been stated in the article, e.g. regular and
totally regular modules description in multi-dimensional case. Refs 6.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант №14-01-00393).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: local field

value: totally regular local field

value: formal module

value: formal group

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Volkov, Vladislav V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volkov V. V. On a norm property of Hilbert symbol over polynomial formal module in multidimensional local field. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 552–557.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A polynomial formal group Fc(X, Y ) = X+Y +cXY over a two-dimensional local field K, which contains
p-th root of unity, is considered. It acts naturally on the maximal ideal M of the ring of integers OK.
There is a constructive Hilbert pairing {·, ·}c : K2(K)× Fc(M) →  ξ
c, where  ξ
c stands for a module of
roots of [p]c (p-th degree isogeny of Fc) with respect to the formal summation. There is also a norm map
of Milnor groups Norm: K2(L) → K2(K) for a two-dimensional local fields extension L/K. Elements
of its image are called norms in K2(L). The main result of this work proves, in a constructive way, the
so-called norm property of the pairing {·, ·}c: {x, β}c = 0 ⇐⇒ x is a norm in K2(K([p]
−1
c (β))), where
[p]
−1
c (β) denotes roots of the equation [p]c = β. Refs 6.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при поддержке РНФ (грант 16-11-10200).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Hilbert symbol

value: multidimensional local field

value: formal groups

value: polynomial formal group

value: norm property


title: On a cubic variational problem

dc.contributor.author

value: Malozemov, Vassili N.

value: Tamasyan, Grigoriy Sh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malozemov V.N., Tamasyan G. S. On a cubic variational problem. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 615– 623.

dc.description.abstract

value:
An extremal curve of the simplest variational problem is a continuously differentiable function. Hilbert’s
differentiability theorem provides a condition that guarantees the existence of the second derivative of an
extremal curve. It is desirable to have a simple example in which the condition of Hilbert’s theorem fails
to hold true and an extremal curve is not twice differentiable.
In this paper, we analyse a cubic variational problem with the following properties. The functional
of the problem is neither bounded from above nor bounded from below. There exists an extremal curve
of this problem that is obtained by pasting together two different extremal curves, and that is not twice
differentiable at the sewing point. Despite this unfavourable situation, an attempt to apply the method
of steepest descent (in the form proposed by V. F. Demyanov) to this problem is made. It appears that
the method converges to the extremal curve provided one chooses a suitable step size rule. Refs 2. Figs 6.
Table 1.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при поддержке СПбГУ (грант №9.38.205.2014).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: cubic variational problem

value: extremal curve

value: method of steepest descent

dc.title

value: On a cubic variational problem


dc.contributor.author

value: Malinov, Alexey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malinov A. V. Network resource “Biographical Dictionary of philosophers of Petersburg University”. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 153–154.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа подготовлена в рамках НИР СПбГУ (23.38.28.2015).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict Studies. Culture Studies. Religious Studies;Issue 4


dc.contributor.author

value: Makeev, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makeev V.V. Planar sections of 3-dimensional cylinders. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 624–626.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Is it true, that through every interior point of 3-dimensional convex body comes planar section with
inscribed regular hexagon, and through the center of 3-dimensional centrally-symmetric convex body
comes planar section with inscribed regular octagon? In paper this is proved for cylinders of special type.
Refs 4.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: cylinder

value: section

value: regular hexagon and octagon

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ermakov, Sergey M.

value: Trosinenko, Anatolii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ermakov S.M., Trosinenko A. V. On Monte Carlo method in distributed memory systems. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 558–569.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The work is devoted to solving systems of linear algebraic equations on distributed memory computers. It is
supposed that there are M computing nodes, each of which has a limited fast memory, and communication
between nodes takes considerable time.
Provided that the matrix elements and vector of the right side can not be placed in its entirety in the
memory of one node, the problem of effective use of equipment in between exchanges, i.e. whether each
node to use the data available to him to be able to reduce the overall residual. In general assumptions
about the matrix of the answer to this question is negative. An example is placed in the Appendix.
We consider the case when the system has a large enough order and appropriate to apply the Monte
Carlo method, the matrix is divided between computing nodes on non-overlapping blocks of rows with the
same partition into blocks of indices of rows and columns. We also consider a modification of the method
of simple iteration, based on this partition, consisting of two nested iterative process, so that only the
outer iteration involve the exchange of messages between nodes.
This iterative process leads naturally to a similar process using the Monte Carlo method that does
not require a full copy of the storage matrix of the system on each compute node.
The paper constructed and investigated for solving the linear estimates for the case and under certain
additional conditions on the matrix system proved sufficient conditions for convergence. Refs 8.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант №14-01-00271-а).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Monte Carlo method

value: parallel computation

value: asynchronous iterative method


dc.contributor.author

value: Baykov, Bogdan S.

value: Bayalina, Darina K.

value: Kustova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baykov B. S., Bayalina D.K., Kustova E.V. Inverse Laplace transformation for evaluation of state-specific cross sections for dissociation reaction and vibrational energy transitions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 663–674.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the present work we study the cross sections of VV (vibration-vibration) and VT (vibration-translation)
energy exchanges in nitrogen and oxygen as well as the vibrational state-specific cross sections of
dissociation reaction in N2 molecules. For VV- and VT-transitions the original approximations of the
rate coefficients have been modified to make it possible application of the inverse Laplace transformation
in the analytical form. A satisfactory approximation of the state-to-state dissociation rate coefficient
allowing for the application of the inverse Laplace transformation is also proposed. For all considered
reactions, analytical expressions for the cross sections are obtained. The results are analyzed in the wide
range of energies and vibrational levels. It is shown that cross sections of VV transitions increase almost
linearly with the energy of colliding particles. VT-exchanges and dissociation reaction manifest threshold
behaviour, and their cross sections are non-monotonic. Dissociation threshold is considerably shifted
towards low energy region for high vibrational states. Using the hard sphere model for the dissociation
cross section results in significant inaccuracy. The results of our work can be applied in non-equilibrium
fluid dynamics while simulating rarefied gas flows using the direct Monte-Carlo methods. Refs 23. Figs 4.
Tables 2.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при поддержке СПбГУ (тема НИР 6.37.206.2016) и РФФИ (грант 15-08-03371).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: reaction cross sections

value: rate coefficients of VV- and VT-exchanges


dc.contributor.author

value: Nevzorov, Valery B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nevzorov V.B. Representations of ordered random variables in the terms of sums or products of independent variables. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 627–640.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review of the existing presentations, which allow to express such dependent ordered variables as order
statistics and records as the sums of independent summands or as the products of independent random
multipliers, is given. Some new relations of the analogous form, which express the common distributions
of representatives of these two types of ordered random variables, are also obtained. Refs 14.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: ordered random variables

value: order statistics

value: record values

value: exponential distribution

value: uniform distribution

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Krivulin, Nikolai K.

value: Plotnikov, Pavel V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krivulin N. K., Plotnikov P. V. Using tropical optimization to solve minimax location problems with rectilinear metric on the line. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 602–614.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Methods of tropical (idempotent) mathematics are applied to the solution of minimax location problems
under constraints on the feasible location region. A tropical optimization problem is first considered,
formulated in terms of a general semifield with idempotent addition. To solve the optimization problem, a
parameter is introduced to represent the minimum value of the objective function, and then the problem
is reduced to a parametrized system of inequalities. The parameter is evaluated using existence conditions
for solutions of the system, whereas the solutions of the system for the obtained value of the parameter are
taken as the solutions of the initial optimization problem. Then, a minimax location problem is formulated
to locate a single facility on a line segment in the plane with rectilinear metric. When no constraints are
imposed, this problem, which is also known as the Rawls problem or the messenger boy problem, has known
geometric and algebraic solutions. For the location problems, where the location region is restricted to a
line segment, a new solution is obtained, based on the representation of the problems in the form of the
tropical optimization problem considered above. Explicit solutions of the problems for various positions
of the line are given both in terms of tropical mathematics and in the standard form. Refs 16.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РГНФ в рамках научного проекта №16-02-00059.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: tropical optimization

value: idempotent semifield

value: rectilinear metric

value: Rawls location problem with constraints


dc.contributor.author

value: Frolov, Andrei N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Frolov A. N. On inequalities for conditional probabilities of unions of events and the conditional Borel—Cantelli lemma. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 651–662.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We derive new upper and lower bounds for conditional (given σ-field A) probabilities of unions of events.
These bounds are sharp. Taking of expectations from left-hand and right-hand sides of such inequalities
may yield better bounds than a direct estimation of probabilities of events. An example is given. We
also derive new generalizations of the conditional Borel—Cantelli lemma. Taking of expectations, one can
obtain new variants of the Borel—Cantelli lemma under conditions that differ from classical ones. Refs 11.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Bonferroni inequalities

value: probabilities of unions of events

value: conditional Borel—Cantelli lemma

value: Borel—Cantelli lemma


dc.contributor.author

value: Gunko, Yurii F.

value: Kulikov, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gunko Yu. F., Kulikov A.A. Comparison of the entropy of ideal gas mixture with total entropy of the components obtained from it. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 675–682.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper presents two expressions define the ideal gaseous mixture entropy via its components entropies,
the components being in two different conditions after segregation. In one case the components have the
mixture temperature and pressure, whereas in the second case they also have the mixture temperature
but their own partial pressure.
As follows of data analysis, the conditions under which the mixture entropy is equal to the sum
of its components are derived. The complete analysis allows us to some controversies called “The Gibbs
paradox”. Refs 4.

value: ideal gaseous mixture

value: mixture entropy

value: Gibbs paradox

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Silvanovich, Olga V.

value: Shirokov, Nikolai A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Silvanovich O.V., Shirokov N.A. Approximation by entire functions on a countable union of segments on the real axis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 644–650.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We state in the present paper a theorem about approximation of a function defined on a countable union
of segments of the real line by means of entire functions of exponential type. The approximating function
is supposed to belong to a Holder class α, 0 < α< 1, and the rate of approximation turns out to be better
in a vicinity of ends of segments similary to the case of case of polynomial approximation of a function on
one segment.
Now, we consider a set E ⊂ R consisting of disjonct segments [an, bn], −∞ < n < +∞ such that
bn − an   bk − ak for any n and k and an+1 − bn   bn − an for any n. The function f defined on
E supposed to be bounded by a constant M on all of segments [an, bn] and satisfying the condition
|f(x) − f(y)| ≤ c0|x − y|α, x, y ∈ [an, bn], 0 < α < 1. For σ ≥ 1, ξ = 1
σ , x ∈ [an, bn] we define a scale of
approximation d1+ξ(x, [an, bn]) such that d1+ξ(x, [an, bn])   ξ(ξ2 + min(x − an)2, (bn − x)2)
1
2 . Then the
main theorem states that there exists a constant c1 depending only on f and E such that we can find a
function Fσ of exponential type ≤ σ which approximate a function f in a following way:
|Fσ(x) − f(x)| ≤ c1dα
1+ξ(x, [an, bn]), x ∈ [an, bn].
Refs 4.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Holder classe σ

value: entire function of exponential type

value: approximation on subsets of real line


title: In memoriam of Victor Vladimirovich Orlov

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrov, Valentin V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrov V.V. On the strong law of large numbers for a stationary sequence. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 641–643.

dc.description.abstract

value:
New conditions of applicability of the strong law of large numbers to a stationary sequence are found by
means of recent general results formulated in terms of moments of sums of random variables. Refs 4.

dc.subject

value: strong law of large numbers

value: stationary sequences


title: On the 70th anniversary of Valery Borisovich Nevzorov


dc.contributor.author

value: Khubulava, Grigory G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khubulava Gr. G. The heart of as a anthropological and cultural phenomenon. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 110–119.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyzes the image of the heart in the history and culture of the heart as a metonymy of feeling and understanding. The heart as the center of the microcosm, which forms the essence of human aspirations. The heart is one of the basic images, archetypes, even, of world culture. It is an allegory of the center, cause and source of all existence: biological, social, mechanical.
Heart surgery as an object is a relatively young category. However, in this aspect  lies scientific discovery: heart transplantation, a heart-lung machine, an artificial heart.
The religious-mystical paradigm of the heart also involves that which talks to the spirit world and the Divine vessel whose change is connected with revelation and repentance. Being perceived as a source of empathy, diligence and the center of life, the idea of the heart as reflected in physiology, medicine, philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, theology, anthropology, sociology and transhumanism  everywhere remain, in fact, a matter of dispute on the nature and original values of the individual and of human nature in general. For example, accurate and detailed sketches of the heart in the atlas of the work of Leonardo da Vinci, constitute one of the pillars of the anthropocentric paradigm still dominant in the secular consciousness.
Cardiac surgery and heart transplants have become new stages in the development of the relations to the heart as a living body. The possibility of intervention in its work, and even complete replacement of its “faulty mechanism” on the one hand reinforce the utilitarian view of medicine on the heart, as in any other organ, and on the other, create a host of new ethical, technical and religious problems, in particular related to donation. Refs 16.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict Studies. Culture Studies. Religious Studies;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: heart

value: unconscious

value: mind

value: feeling

value: soul

value: heart surgery

value: history of medicine heart transplant


dc.contributor.author

value: Volkov, Dmitry B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volkov D. B. Narrative approach as the solution to the personal identity problem. Vestnik SPbU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 21–32.

dc.description.abstract

value: According to the majority of contemporary philosophers, the psychological approach is the most promising solution to the problem of personal identity. However it fails to explain the special concern of a person about her future and the grounds for moral responsibility. These difficulties can be solved by the narrative approach. This comprises some of the aspects of the psychological approach but has significant advantages. According to the narrative approach, a person exists extended in time and the relationship between the temporary parts and the whole create the grounds for moral responsibility and special concern. The unity of a person is preserved as a unity of narrative. The author of this paper analyzes the criticisms of the narrative approach and suggests that it is far from being conclusive. Refs 9.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: personal identity

value: psychological approach

value: narrative approach

value: extreme claim

value: moral responsibility

value: special concern

dc.type

value: Article


title: Manliness as Art to Distinction

dc.contributor.author

value: Alymova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alymova E. V. Manliness as Art to Distinction. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 4–12.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is dedicated to the theme of manliness in Plato’s philosophy. The starting point is Plato’s dialogue
“Laches” where this subject is brought into question. Our main argumentation is based on the materials
provided by the dialogue Republic because this is the dialogue where manliness is being considered
as one of the principal human und political qualities. The theme of manliness is set in a context which
includes a series of concepts of great importance such as Goodness, Friendship, Liberty, Intelligence and
last but not least Philosophy. Manliness is characteristic of the guards who in order to best perform their
role and defend the polis, they must be able to draw the line between that which belongs to their polis and
that which does not. The capacity to distinguish constitutes the essential nature of the guards. This nature
is regarded as substantially philosophical, but needs to be actualized. The way to do it is to educate the
guards. So we arrive at the problem of paideia. It should be kept in mind that the main purpose of “The
State” is to elucidate the structure and the nature of the human soul. The guards whose inherent privilege
is manliness occupy an intermediate position in the system of the polis and consequently in that of the
soul and correspond to the intellectual capacity responsible for ratiocination and rational choice. Manliness
is represented within the following conceptual line: manliness as valor of the soldier, as excellence
of the guard, as citizenship, as valor of the free. The relevant contexts of Plato’s dialogues are given close
consideration, the results of linguistic studies which corroborate the relevant theses are adduced. Refs 9.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict Studies. Culture Studies. Religious Studies;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: manliness

value: goodness

value: intelligence

value: knowledge

value: paideia

value: Plato

value: “Laches”

value: “The State”

dc.title

value: Manliness as Art to Distinction


dc.contributor.author

value: Nguen Nguen Hong

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nguen Nguen Hong. Evolution of Catholicism in Vietnam after the second Vatican Council. Vestnik SPbSU. Serie 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 127–134.

dc.description.abstract

value:
After the Vatican Council II, there was a series of upgrades and reforms of the Universal Church and the Catholic Church of Vietnam. The Church, recognizing the unique value of Vietnamese culture, headed for inculturation; that is the incarnation of the Gospel in the national culture. It also established new relations with non-Christian religions, switching to a model of strengthening ties with Vietnamese society.
However, due to ideological differences with the social doctrine of the Church and the other, Catholicism did not become the dominant religion in any country in Asia, despite all the efforts of its followers.
The experience of the spread of Catholicism in Vietnam shows that the “unrelated” culture (i.e., one that was formed on other grounds), may well exist only in the case when it adjusts to the parent culture. Otherwise, the introduction of foreign culture is associated with the risk of rejection should the transplanted culture does not adapt to a new social organism. Refs 5.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Evolution

value: catholicism

value: culture

value: inculturation

value: Vietnam

value: Vatican


dc.contributor.author

value: Radeev, Artem E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Radeev A. E. What is meant by experience when we call it aesthetic? Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 53–62.

dc.description.abstract

value: The subject of this paper is to focus on what the meaning of experience can be used for introducing the concept of aesthetic experience. The author underlines that most of the theories of aesthetic experience is aimed at identifying the essence of «aesthetic», ignoring the notion of experience. To develop the idea, the author introduces a tentative definition of experience, tracing the way in which its components are related to the concept of aesthetic experience. As a result, the author concludes that there are at least three meanings of the concept of experience that fit to the analysis of aesthetic experience. Based on this analysis, the author comes to a conclusion about the role of the individual and the representation of experience in the concept of aesthetic experience. Refs 18.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict Studies. Culture Studies. Religious Studies;Issue 4

value: aesthetic experience

value: tentative definition

value: Dewey

value: the individual

value: the experiencing

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bystrov, Vladimir Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bystrov V. Yu. Philosophy and journalism as discursive practices: opposition and convergence. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 13–20.

dc.description.abstract

value: Philosophy and journalism are considered in this article as versions of discursive practice which in many indications are opposed each other. In such conditions, the possibility of the occurrence such discipline as ‘the philosophy of journalism’ appears rather problematic. At the same time the history of philosophy gives many examples of a successful combination of these opposites: K. Marx, V. Rozanov, M. Foucault. Special attention is spared for the concept of ‘analytical reporting’, to which M. Foucault repeatedly came back in his writings. Representation about philosophy as an open system can serve the fruitful basis for rapprochement of discursive practice of philosophy and journalism. Refs 11.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского гуманитарного научного фонда «Отечественная философская журналистика. 1917–1922 гг.» (проект № 16-03-00623).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: discourse

value: journalism

value: philosophy

value: system

value: the analytical reporting


dc.contributor.author

value: Маrkov, Вoris V.

value: Osipov, Igor D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Markov B. V., Osipov I. D. Book Review: History of Philosophy in article format. Collection of articles edited by Y. Sineokaya. M.: The Cultural Revolution, 2016. 244 p. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 144–150.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict Studies. Culture Studies. Religious Studies;Issue 4


title: On the 60th anniversary of Michail Anatoljevich Lifshits

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4


title: Revisiting the ethics of law

dc.contributor.author

value: Derzhivitskij, Evgenii V.

value: Larionov, Igor Yu.

value: Perov, Vadim Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Derzhivitskij E. V., Larionov I. Yu., Perov V. Yu. Revisiting the ethics of law. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 33–45.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, the main approaches to the understanding of the subject and the peculiarities of the ethics of law are considered. An attempt is made to define the specifics of the ethics of law in the broad context of the relation between morality and law. The key issues and challenges for the investigation of the institutionalized form of professional legal ethics are identified.
The reasons are given why the equation of applied legal ethics with professional legal ethics is not justified. We argue that the subordination of law to morality as well as the formal rational interpretation of the law leads to the destruction of law.
Subsequently the particular characteristics of legal ethics, which pose vital requirements on personal professional competence, are identified and the concept of “legal culture” is analyzed. Reasons are considered why reliance on the moral aspect of professional work in the field of justice becomes one of the essential conditions of its legitimacy. We describe the circumstances that interfere with professional activity, namely an individual’s difficulty resolving the collision between determining the scope of how one is permitted to act and the right course of action, a disposition to moral relativism, and practical problems that do not have certain clear moral solutions. The contradiction between law and morality can take the form of conflict. We argue that normative consent in society is important for practices sanctioned with the help of law.
This article also provides a methodological analysis of the basic philosophical problems that arise at the junction of morality and law (the so-called problem of the relationship between morality and law and the concept of the law as the minimum of morality, guaranteed by the state). Also the problem of the conceptual relation of morality and law in the social conscience as well as the question of the possibility of the legal restriction of citizens’ rights and freedoms for the sake of some moral ideal are scrutinized. Likewise the possibility of legal regulation of morals and moral reeducation using the legal arrangements are drawn into question.
The role of the discussions between the “natural law” and “positive law” approaches should be taken into account. We argue that the theoretical extremities of both jusnaturalism and legal positivism can complicate the relations of morality and law in professional activities.
In this paper, we suggest the use of the concept of “normative gap” that should be distinguished from the conflict of law. The article explains the idea that ethics of law with the “normative gap” as its subject matter will provide the moral content and secure the value of law. Refs 4.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РГНФ №16-03-00388а.

dc.subject

value: Legal ethics

value: ethics of law

value: legal professional ethics

value: lawyer ethics

value: morality

value: law

value: natural law

value: positive law

value: normative gap

dc.title

value: Revisiting the ethics of law

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Nikita V.

value: Osipov, Igor D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuznetsov N. V., Osipov I. D. The problem of social ideal in the journal “Problems of Philosophy and Psychology” in the year 1917. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 46–52.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article analyses relevant problems related to the formation of Russian philosophical journalism in the early twentieth century. In this context, we examine the problem of social ideal in the journal “Problems of Philosophy and Psychology.” The article examines the work of N. Y. Grot, L. M. Lopatin, P. I. Novgorodtsev and E. N. Trubetskoy and displays features of the editorial policy of the journal in 1917. Refs 12.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Статья написана при финансовой поддержке гранта РГНФ № 16-03-00623 «Отечественная философская журналистика. 1917–22 гг.».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict Studies. Culture Studies. Religious Studies;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: philosophy

value: history

value: culture

value: journal

value: ideal

value: society


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, Boris F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov B. F. On the inequality of Bohr for integrals of functions from Lp(Rn), 2 < p < +∞. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 582–593.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Let p ∈ (2,+∞), n ≥ 1, S be an open subset of Rn, and Γ(S, p) be a set of all the functions γ ∈ Lp(Rn)
spectrum of which belongs to S. If n = 1 then S can contain zero and if n > 1 S can intersect coordinate hyperplanes. It is obtained sufficient condition validity of the inequality

Et
γ(τ) dτ

L∞(Rn)
≤ C(n, p, S)  γ(τ)
Lp(Rn),
where t = (t1, . . . , tn) ∈ Rn, Et = {τ|τ = (τ1, . . . , τn) ∈ Rn, τj ∈ [0, tj ], if tj ≥ 0, and τj ∈ [tj , 0], if tj < 0,
1 ≤ j ≤ n}, and the constant C(n, p, S) > 0 does not depend on γ ∈ Γ(S, p). Refs 14.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант №14-01-00202).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: inequality of Bohr


dc.contributor.author

value: Zegzhda, Sergey A.

value: Shatrov, Egor A.

value: Yushkov, Mikhail P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zegzhda S. A., Shatrov E. A., Yushkov M.P. Suppression of oscillation of a trolley with a double pendulum by means of control of its acceleration. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 683–688.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of transition of a mechanical system from one phase state to another is one of the most
important problems of the control theory. In this case, a model problem consists in finding the optimal
control force which transports the trolley with pendulums moving horizontally, for example, from a state of
rest to a new state of rest over a given distance during the fixed time. In their previous papers the authors
have shown that when solving such a problem with the help of the Pontryagin maximum principle with
minimization of the functional of the control force squared, a high-order constraint is realized automatically
(for instance, an eighth-order constraint for the motion of a trolley with two pendulums). That is why, for
solving the same problem the generalized Gauss principle has been used that made it possible to find the
control force as a polynomial. In the present paper the problem of suppression of oscillation of a trolley
with a double pendulum is solved by means of the same principle. It is offered first to find the acceleration
of the trolley as a control instead of the force, and then to seek immediately the control force by the
obtained law of variation of the optimal acceleration of the trolley. Refs 4. Figs 2.

dc.subject

value: control of motion

value: control force

value: Pontryagin maximum principle

value: generalized Gauss principle

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ananjevskii, Sergey M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ananjevskii S.M. Some generalizations of “parking” problem. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2016, vol. 3 (61), issue 4, pp. 525– 532.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the original Renyi statement of the “parking” problem open intervals of unit length fill a segment of
large size. The asymptotic behaviour of the mean of the number of placed intervals is studied.
We study two generalizations of “parking” problem. The first generalization is the case where the
length of placed intervals is a random value. In this case both the asymptotic behaviour of the mean of
the number of placed intervals and the asymptotic behaviour of the mean of the measure of occupied
part of large segment are studied. The second generalization is the case where a random position of unit
interval is a random variable with not uniform distribution. Two different problems are studied in the
second generalization. Refs 5.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: random filling

value: “parking” problem

value: asymptotic behaviour of the mean


title: About the conference dedicated to the 195th anniversary of the birth of P. L.Chebyshev

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Vol. 3 (61); Issue 4


title: Precedent 256

dc.contributor.author

value: Morina, Larisa P.

value: Sokolov, Evgeniy G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morina L. P., Sokolov E. G. Precedent 256. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict studies. Culture studies. Religious studies, 2016, issue 4, pp. 98–109.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article was brought to life by a new event in the scientific world called by the authors “precedent 256”. This attracted the attention of the scientific community with its originality. The study of the nature and laws of occurrence of this phenomenon in modern culture are in the focus of this article. The authors believe that the analyzed precedent does not stand apart from the modern cultural space but is connected by causal relations with the main tendencies of contemporary culture. Moreover, it is a bright representative expression of what is happening in the mental shifts which are taking plce in the modern world. Service, product, competition, advertising, total regimentation of steps-actions-movements, maximum control, ritualized regulations, the headship of the office to the actual production — all of this, with the transition into a farce, put it in the analyzed precedent. Folding into calculative system of thinking becomes a new form of rationality: the letter becomes an idol, scientometrics, ritual computing achievements, summarizing, creating tables and filling in report forms are a sacred mechanism of the formation of the subject. The authors assert that, therefore, we are witnessing the birth of a new, virtual-ritualistic reality with unique spacial and temporal parameters.
Along with that, a new type of sociality is forming based on impersonal algorithms of actions, typical circuits of behavior. It is a kind of “anthropological intervention0Ф in which the only space where the subject can posit and rehabilitate himself is the element of symbols, letters, figures, calculations, and record keeping in the broad sense of the word. Refs 7.

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 17. Philosophy. Conflict Studies. Culture Studies. Religious Studies;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: science

value: ritual

value: the world of everyday life

value: regulation

value: rationality

value: subject

dc.title

value: Precedent 256


dc.contributor.author

value: Volkov, Evgeny V.

value: Irvin, Dakota D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volkov E. V., Irvin D. D. “Russian Washington” or siberian dictator? Images and evaluation of A. V. Kolchak as supreme ruler in American press (1918–1920). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 104–123.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines images of Admiral A. V. Kolchak taken from leading US newspaper articles
published between 1918 and 1920. Having taken visual and verbal narratives into consideration, the
discourse features of Kolchak’s image in the American press have been identified, as well as their
influence on White House policy toward the White Movement in Russia. The Supreme Ruler’s positive
and negative sides are pointed out. Emphasis is placed on the U. S. State Department’s lack of a clear
policy towards Kolchak’s regime which led to the denial of full assistance to the White Armies in the
east of Russia. The theoretical basis for this study is the concept of political culture, introduced by
American political scientists G. A. Almond and S. Verba. Refs 89.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Civil War

value: the White Movement

value: A. V. Kolchak

value: US Press

value: political culture

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bondarev, Sergey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bondarev S. V. Prewar Peterhoff: museum mission and state ideology. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 124–141.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Museums are part of the state system of preserving the cultural heritage of the nation and ensuring its
transmission to future generations. The State’s care of preservation and use of cultural heritage is an
important factor in ensuring the continuity and stable development of society. The country’s history
experienced a period when the government sought to turn the museum into ‘politprosvetkombinat’.
The political ideology of the 1920s and 30s defined the role and tasks of museum institutions.
Employees at the Peterhoff museum were looking for ways to embed themselves in the conjuncture
of the time, while at the same time strictly following the main task of the museum, the preservation
of historical heritage. Work on the creation of new exhibitions at Peterhoff began in the mid-1920s.
Employees of the Peterhoff museum offered a project for efficient use of museums for propaganda
purposes. A new method of constructing the museum, has been universally recognized in all the city’s
suburbs. The method was called the ‘thematic method’. In addition, over two years Peterhoff workers
‘spontaneously’ carried out activities to create a recreational park, without waiting for administrative
decisions. The individual introduction of elements of mass relaxation allowed for striking a balance
between the State’s idea about the ‘cultural combine’ and preservation of 18th and 19th centuries parks’ appearance. Peterhoff employees cared more about the fountains’ condition, than about filling parks
with various kinds of entertainment. Despite the ultimate efforts of the Peterhoff employees in the
second half of the 1930s, the famous suburb had a number of major problems. Due to the inadequate
provision and lack of independent funding, the Peterhoff ’s administration was not able to maintain
major park repairs, fountains, garden structures and museum buildings at the proper level. Attempting
to find funds for restoration, Peterhoff employees simultaneously lead expositions in line with the
changing trends, initiated by the state. This approach allowed us to preserve many artifacts as well as
the palaces and museums themselves from the encroachments of power. Refs 61.

dc.subject

value: Museum

value: Peterhoff

value: culture

value: ideology

value: N. I. Arkhipov

value: S. S. Geychenko


dc.contributor.author

value: Krivosheev, Yurij V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krivosheev Yu. V. Boris Dmitrievich Grekov and the “case of the academicians”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 237–258.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The so-called ‘Academicians’ Case’ (1929–1931), initiated by the investigating agencies of the OGPU
(United State Political Body) involved many outstanding Russian historians of the time (S. F. Platonov,
M. K. Liubavskii, Iu.V. Got’e, A. I. Iakovlev, S. V. Bakhrushin, N. P. Likharev, E. V. Tarle, and others).
They were convicted and sentenced to various periods of exile.
B. D. Grekov, who was also arrested in connection with the ‘Academics’ Case”, escaped the tragic
fate of his elder colleagues and actively engaged in academic research, being in the focus of a heated
debate about social and economic structures. It was Grekov, who developed the Marxist concept of feudal relations in Kievan Rus’, which for decades remained fundamental in Soviet historical science.
At the end of 1934 he became a corresponding member and, in 1935, a full member of the Soviet
Academy of Sciences. In the late 1930s, he headed the Soviet Institute of History of the Soviet Academy
of Sciences, the leading organization of Soviet historical science.
The article contains the unpublished documents from the B. D. Grekov’s court files and fills the
gaps in the biography of the head of the Soviet historical science of the 1930s-1950s, which abounded
in obscurities, thus contributing to the creation of a full picture of his life and work. Refs 17.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: “Academic Case”

value: Boris Dmitrievich Grekov

value: the history of the Soviet historical studies

value: JSPD (OGPU)

value: court evidence


title: Demades: pacis suasor, belli dissuasor

dc.contributor.author

value: Kudryavtseva, Tatyana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kudryavtseva T. V. Demades: pacis suasor, belli dissuasor. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 159–173.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the activities of Demades, an Athenian orator and politician of the late classical
period, especially as a conciliator and negotiator to handle conflicts between Athens and Macedonia.
The results of his peacekeeping missions can be aссessed as quite successful, having in mind the minimization
of consequences of the Athenian defeat or erroneous decisions. As a politician, Demades was
quite flexible and ready to compromise; the content of his activities as a mediator was varied: proposals
of honorary decrees, drafting psephisma, secret diplomacy (correspondence), negotiation, performance
and public speech before kings and other powerful persons. Demades’ tireless peacemaking (though not always unselfish) allows one to view him not just as a greedy and cynical wit or a ‘direct
hireling of Macedonia’. Rather he can be called a realist and a pragmatist whose pro-Macedonian position
stemmed not from any special sympathy with Macedonian kings, but was determined by his belief
that the best way to secure Athenian interests and to ensure peaceful coexistence and prosperity of the
polis was the cooperation with a power that the Greeks could not overcome. Refs 30.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 14-18-00390) в Российском государственном педагогическом университете им. А. И. Герцена.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Demades

value: Athens

value: Macedonia

value: Demosthenes

value: Philip II

value: Alexander the Great

value: Lamian War

value: Antipater

value: negotiations

value: peace

value: conciliator

dc.title

value: Demades: pacis suasor, belli dissuasor

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Frolov, Eduard D.

value: Klimov, Oleg Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Frolov E. D., Klimov O. Yu. Modern trends in classical studies at the all-Russian conference in St. Petersburg University. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 259–270.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article describes the most important trends of modern classical studies in Russia, presented at
the All-Russia Scientific Conference ‘Zhebelev Readings-XVII’, held at the Institute of History of St.
Petersburg State University, October 28–30, 2015. The conference is a very representative forum;
70 researchers from many cities of Russia, as well as from Latvia and Poland took part. The article
highlights the most important topics of the lectures presented by scientists from different cities of Russia
and from abroad. Among the most important research areas are Russian and foreign historiography
of antiquity and a source of ancient history. With these problems were related presentations made by
Ed. Frolov about E. Koehler, by Igor Tikhonov on the Museum of Arts of St. Petersburg University,
by Yuriy Vinogradov about Maria Maximova, by Roman Svetlov about the idea of progress in
Xenophanes and Thucydides, by Krzysztof Navotka on the transformation of history in the “Romance
of Alexander.” Many aspects of the political history of ancient Greece took an important place at the
conference. Among them, the Thucydides strategia, the rule of the Thirty tyrants, and other subjects
were discussed. The reports of the scientists at the conference raised a range of issues on the history of
Hellenism, including the political history of the Hellenistic kingdoms, the problems of state institutions
(the Ionian League and Achaean Leagues, for example), royal cults, history of peripheral regions, such
as the Greco-Bactrian and the Bosporan Kingdoms. The lecture of Harijs Tumans was devoted to the
Alexander the Great’s desire to imitate the ancient mythological heroes, especially, Achilles. Exploring
issues of Roman History, the speakers described the Roman system of the dependent kingdoms, the
process of the conquest of Britain by the Romans and Roman provincial policy. The lectures on culture
and cultural life of ancient society, including the history of the ancient Greek theatre, the early Roman
cults and the culture of the Celts of Britain took an important place at the conference. A specialized
area of the conference was the section on the ancient history of Christianity, which raised the problem
of the use of magical practices in early Christian literature, monasticism in Gaul, and others. Refs 41.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: study of antiquity

value: the history of ancient Greece

value: Rome and Hellenism

value: the Russian study of antiquity

value: the Department of Ancient Greek and Roman History

value: St. Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Kseniya B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova K. B. Subcarpathian Rus in the context of cultural plurality of the first Czechoslovak republic. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 198–210.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Subcarpathian Rus was integrated into the First Czechoslovak Republic as a result of the Treaty of
Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919). The next year Subcarpatian Rus being a part of Czechoslovakia was
declared a self-government autonomy with a certain number of democratic rights established by the
Constitution. Among them was a right to use the national language. Codification of the Subcarpatian-
Ruthenian language has not yet been completed and it is highly debated problem among contemporary
linguistics.
After the World War I Subcarpathian lands with Ruthenian population was a poor farming
region with low level of ethnic self-awareness. Global economic and politic processes changed the
situation dramatically and pushed educated part of Subcarpatian Rus citizens into the discussion
about national language, culture and literature. The President of Czechoslovakia T. G. Masaryk
participated in the discussion and was highly interested in cultural development of the region. He
had his geo-political goals as to prevent ‘red aggression’ spreading and to establish a clear boarder
with RSFSR. The Czechoslovak President’s cultural policy towards Subcarpatian Rus as not yet been
analyzed or described. The study will examine the strategy of the Czechoslovak government and its
role in informing Ruthenian national identity. Refs 38.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Грант РГНФ №16-04-50095 «История одного славянского пограничья: Подкарпатская Русь
в контексте литературных и эстетических исканий русской и украинской эмиграции».

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

value: Subcarpatian Rus

value: national policy

value: Czechoslovak

value: Ruthenian

value: national identity


dc.contributor.author

value: Savin, Sergey D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savin S. D. The question of the Balkans on the eve of the First world war according to the ideas of Maksim Kovalevsky. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 186–197.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the position of the famous scientist and public figure M. M. Kovalevsky about
war and peace in the Balkans in the early twentieth century. Articles in periodicals from 1909–1913 are
reviewed, mainly in the literary and political journal ‘Bulletin of Europe’, with Kovalevsky as its editor.
Kovalevsky based his theory on the political and sociological concept of social progress and solidarity,
he substantiated the possibility of political unification of the Balkan countries on constitutional
principles. Among the factors for the Unification of Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro, he
names common interests, religion, language and culture, the historical past, people’s democracy,
the struggle for independence. Kovalevsky sees the similarity of these factors with the conditions
of occurrence of the allied states a new type: the Swiss Confederation and the United States. In the
opinion of Kovalevsky, opportunities and the collapse of the Balkan Union on the eve of World War I
were linked mostly with the policy of the world powers of the two opposing blocs, the Triple Alliance
and the Entente. Russia’s lack of determination to defend her interests and protect the young Balkan
Union during the wars of 1912–1913 ill served her future and was one of the factors of the period
leading to the beginning of the First World War. Kovalevsky considered that the Slavic question was
crucial in the military and ideological confrontation between Russia and the Triple Alliance. The key
points of struggle among geopolitical interests have become a problem in Serbia and Ukraine. Refs 21.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: M. Kovalevsky

value: First World War

value: the Balkan wars

value: Slavic movement XIX–XX centuries

value: the history of political sociology

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tereshina, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tereshina O. V. Alexander Kukulevsky’s reform project of the American orthodox exarchate. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 211–222.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A report from the archive of the Orthodox church of America is analyzed as the project of reform of
church management of 1937. It is researched firstly in domestic historiography as the independence
scheme of the American exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) by A. Kukulevsky, who
was active Church leader, the author of many organizational and functional reforms. Claiming the
priority of his own project and the analysis of his own experience, A. Kukulevsky listed the historical
achievements of the North American metropolitanate. Putting forward the key idea of the exarchate’s
unity, religion as analog of ideology, the protopresbyter explained the need for change not by the
atheistic policy of the Soviet Union, but by disagreement within the foreign Orthodox episcopate. The content of the project listed the difficulties of the Archdiocese, primarily, the protest of part of the
priests, the overproduction of them, loss of unity, financial problems, and the spread of ecclesiastical
separatism. Like other theories from the 1930s, A. Kukulevsky’s scheme proclaimed nationality as
bases of religion’s social institutes and as opposition to Bolshevism. At the same time, the option
of leadership as proposed in the Church was like the Soviet scheme of government: It put forward
the collective model (Council of bishops) as senior administrative authority and in its absence, the
Metropolitan as the initiator and head of all administrative Affairs. The Metropolitan Council was a
major financial agency.
A. Kukulevsky as the project author contradicted himself. Striving for mutual control of the
proposed management bodies, he tried simultaneously to protect the bishops from interfering with
each other. Maxim independence was declared for members of the Church Federation and unity as
their goal. The author of the document contradicted himself in the declaration of the high number
of church’s officials as a difficulty of a metropolitanate and at the same time increasing its religious
bureaucracy.
One of the main goals of A. Kukulevsky was to expand the social base of Orthodoxy in America
by intervention in education, culture, journalism and contacts with the national and patriotic
organizations. A. Kukulevsky did not take note of these troubles and announced own scheme as the
most practical, emphasizing the warlike atmosphere that was sensed by competent people. Refs 33.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: archive of Orthodox Church of the America

value: A. Kukulevsky

value: the difficulties and reform of the church’s management of the North American Metropolitanate of ROC during the 1930s

value: author’s self-contradictions

value: intervention in education and national

value: patriotic organizations


dc.contributor.author

value: Miller, Marlyn

dc.identifier.citation

value: Miller M. Female Monasticism in an Age of Challenge: The Convent of the Intercession in Suzdal (1700–1800). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 87–103.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study examines how the eighteenth-century assault on monastery property and privilege
through secularization attempts affected female monasticism, using as a case study the Convent of the
Intercession (or the Protection) of the Mother of God in Suzdal, one of the largest and wealthiest of
female cloisters. To some degree, the Intercession convent resembled any large monastery, and hence
conclusions about this particular convent may indicate larger patterns in other first-tier monastic
institutions. Two avenues are explored: first, how the attempts to sequester church property by
Peter the Great and subsequently Catherine II affected the economic position of female monasteries
in general and the Convent of the Intercession in particular, and second, how attempts to prevent
tonsures influenced both the number of monastics and their social estate. At the Intercession Convent,
rationalizing measures under Peter and full-scale secularization under Catherine that sequestered large
tracts of land and thousands of peasants resulted in steady decline in monastic assets and revenues.
The expropriation of monastic wealth institutionally and economically preceded the final and formal
sequestration by Catherine II in 1764. The decline in wealth also had consequences for the number
of monastics and their social estate. Coupled with restrictions on tonsure and ultimately the closure
of many monasteries, the number of monastics in the empire and at the Intercession Convent fell by
about three-quarters over the course of the eighteenth century, causing widespread displacement. As
a result of this contraction and a number of social forces, the estate profile of the convent changed
as well; in the early eighteenth century large numbers of noblewomen lived at the convent, but by
the end of the eighteenth century their number was negligible—they had been replaced by peasants
and members of the clerical estate. Unwittingly, Peter’s attempts to reduce the number of monastics,
in tandem with his selectivity in placement, meant that the nobility were essentially driven out of
convent life, allowing for a greater influx of non-nobles. With the secularization of church lands in
1764, Catherine finished what Peter had not been able to do. Although the seizures brought hardship
to many monasteries and destroyed complex and long-standing communities, they likely made
convents less attractive to elites, which helped accelerate two important processes: the feminization of
monasticism, and its democratization, which in turn helped strengthen the bond between the Church
and the people, in particular, women. The flowering of monasticism, ironically, owes much to these
secularizing rulers. Refs 71.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by grant N 15-18-00119 from Russian Science Foundation

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: The Intercession Convent

value: secularization

value: Peter I

value: Catherine II

value: restrictions on tonsure

value: estate profile

value: number of monastics


dc.contributor.author

value: Sunderland, Willard

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sunderland W. The USSR as a multinational state from the revolution to the death of Stalin: western scholarship since 1991. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 142–158.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This review article examines predominantly English-language research since 1991 on the history of
the USSR as a multinational state from 1917 to the end of the Stalin era. Influenced by the rising role
of nationality in late Soviet life, the opening of Soviet archives during the Perestroika period, and new
developments in the conceptualization of the nation in different disciplines, Western scholarship on
the history of the national question in the Soviet Union expanded considerably in the 1990s and is now
one of the most vibrant areas of historical research in the Soviet history field. The essay’s central claim
is that new research since the end of the Cold War has considerably revised the study of the nationality
policies of the early Soviet state, underscoring that the USSR was a paradoxical nationality project
that simultaneously engaged in both the construction and the selective undermining and destruction
of national identities. Refs 155.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: USSR

value: nationality policy

value: national identity

value: interethnic relations

value: historiography

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Perrie, Maureen

dc.identifier.citation

value: Perrie M. Russian popular eschatology and the legend of Peter the Great as antichrist. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 77–86.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the legend about Peter the Great as Antichrist, in the form in which it circulated
during Peter’s lifetime. The author considers some of the ‘evidence’ that Peter was Antichrist:
predictions that the world would end soon after 1666; the calculation that Peter was the eighth tsar of
Muscovy (cf. the eight kings of the Apocalypse); that his name resembled that of Simon the Magician
(Simon Petrov), the first precursor of the Antichrist; and that his policies, behaviour and appearance
were Satanic. These ideas about Peter as Antichrist were derived from sources such as the prophetic
books of the Bible, the writings of the Church fathers, and the Book of St Cyril of Jerusalem (1644).
Some of the motifs of the legend of Peter as Antichrist resembled those of the legend that Peter was
a ‘substituted’ tsar: both legends attempted to explain the strange nature of Peter’s Westernising
innovations, but the Antichrist legend was more ‘intellectual’, based as it was on a profound knowledge
by its advocates (Old Believers and others) of Holy Scripture and eschatological literature. Refs 21.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: eschatology

value: Russian popular legends

value: Antichrist

value: Apocalypse

value: Old Believers


dc.contributor.author

value: Maiorov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maiorov A. V. Rus’, Byzantium and Western Europe in the late twelfth — early thirteenth centuries. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 31–43.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper discusses the little known facts of the history of political relations between Old Rus’, the
Byzantine Empire and Western Europe in the time between 1163 and 1253. It analyzes the evidence
that the Russian and foreign sources provide concerning the long stay of the Russian prince Mstislav
Yurevich in the Holy Land as the governor for the Byzantine emperor Manuel I in Ascalon, the military-
political and dynastic union between the Galician-Volhynian prince Roman Mstislavich and the
Byzantine emperor Alexios III, Daniel of Galicia’s foreign policy, and, in particular, his relationship
with the German emperor Frederick II, the Austrian duke Frederick the Quarrelsome. The paper reveals
the influence that the Nicaean Empire had on the relations between the Russian princes and the
Apostolic See. Refs 62.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work was financially supported by St. Petersburg State University, Project number 5.38.265.2015.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

value: Old Rus’

value: Holy Land

value: Byzantine Empire

value: Nicaean Empire

value: Austrian duchy

value: Apostolic See


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrov, Alexey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrov A. V. Social and political evolution of Novgorod the Great in the veche period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 44–57.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the debate about the nature and consequences of the social and political
development of Novgorod the Great in the 10th to the 15th centuries. The author outlines the
historiography of the topic and provides a review of his research in this field in the context of the
modern historiographic situation. We argue that there are well-grounded reasons for the convergence
of different concepts which exist in modern Russian historiography of medieval Novgorod. Whereas
V. L. Ianin and the scholars who share his views dwell on the boyar corporation, which claimed
‘sovereign ownership’ of the land, and I. Ia. Froianov writes about the Novgorod veche in general, the
works of this author give an account of the status and historical significance of the ‘small commune’
inside Novgorod and of other issues, related to it. Refs 65.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Novgorod the Great

value: ‘odinachestvo’ — like-mindedness

value: consensus

value: unanimity

value: ‘usobitsy’ — internecine feuds

value: veche — popular assembly

value: ‘vechevoi uklad’ — veche system

value: ‘gorodskie storony’ — halves of the city

value: ‘gorodskie kontsy’ — city-parts

value: ‘vechevoi gorod-zemlia’ — veche cityland

value: ‘volost’ — city-state

value: a city with an adjoining land

value: a city

value: headed by the urban community

dc.type

value: Article


title: The Place of the Kievan Rus in history

dc.contributor.author

value: Dvornichenko, Andrey Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dvornichenko A. Yu. The Place of the Kievan Rus in history. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 5–17.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines an important and urgent issue: place of Kievan Rus in history. ‘Kievan Rus’ is a
conventional name for the first centuries of the East Slavic history (9th–13th centuries), which after
the collapse of the USSR has been a bone of contention between scientists from Russia, Ukraine and
Belarus. Whose history? It is the basis of what sort of state? What is its nature? These and many other
questions still remain unanswered. Considering historiographical and historical discourses, the author
proposes a solution to this problem, the option most appropriate to historical reality and reconciling
all parties. Refs 60.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Kievan Rus

value: historiography

value: township (city-state)

value: community and Church

value: ‘old Russian nationality’

value: ‘East Slavic antiquity’

dc.title

value: The Place of the Kievan Rus in history


dc.contributor.author

value: Alekseev, Aleksei I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alekseev A. I. Russia and Russian studies. Reflections of the Hungarian historian about the times and himself. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 271–277.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The book by the famous Hungarian historian, professor, head of the Centre of Russian studies of the
Budapest University by Loránd Eötvös, Dr. of historical studies, honorary Dr. of the Russian Academy
of Sciences Szvák Gyula is reviewed. The book ‘On the service of Clio and those in power’ consists
of six scientific articles on historical arguments, eleven small papers or lectures and ten iconic feature
articles, framed by specific introduction and conclusion. In general the main content of the book is
represented by the reflections of the author about the fortunes of historical science, about the history of
the Russian-Hungarian relations, experiences of the meetings and communication with colleagues in
the professional field of historical science. Professor Szvák relates the activity of the Centre of Russian
Studies, which he organized, where for the first time they managed to open a masters programme. The
main objectives of the curriculum are: orientation of the students in the field of problems of Russian
and Soviet historiography, conducting research on the problems of Russian history, the study of
Russian history, development of relations between Russia and the European Union. The purpose of the
programme is the preparation of specialists well oriented in Russian affairs with high theoretical and
practical grounding, capable of being mediators in contacts between Hungary and Russia. Remaining
within Russian historiography, the author offers materials of various subjects and chronology for
‘Russian studies’. Thus this discipline, associated with the concept of cultural studies of an area, is
intended to provide an integrated complex approach to the study of Russia in non-Russian higher
education institutions. Professor Szvák poses a series of methodological problems underlining the
fact that some problems cannot be solved with legitimate approaches of the historical science. At the
same time a historian traditionally has little material to assert motivations of a person’s actions. In the
last part of the book there are feature articles that can be attributed to the literature. They are personal
portraits of ex-colleagues and teachers, who influenced in a manner the world outlook of the author.
The author does not bypass the ethical aspect of professional activity of a historian. According to his
assessment, a historian, serving not the authority but people, must call a spade a spade, clearly separate
good from evil, humanity from inhumanity. Refs 10.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Professor Szvák Gyula

value: his scientific curators and colleagues

value: activity of the Centre of Russian studies of the Budapest University by Loránd Eötvös

value: the Russian-Hungariann relations

value: the Russian historical science


dc.contributor.author

value: Krivosheev, Yurij V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krivosheev Yu. V. City-states in medieval Russia and the Great Russian state system. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 18–30.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides an insight into the author’s view on the rise and development of the state institutions
in Rus-Great Russia. According to the author, extant sources and historiographic heritage make it
possible to draw a conclusion regarding the zemskoe (communal) origin of the medieval Russian state
system. Thus, the united Russian state emerged as a communal-autocratic state. Without idealizing
relations between the grand prince, the nobility, the bureaucracy and the communal institutions, we
must acknowledge that there was a certain balance and in some cases — prevalence of the traditional
communal way of life. For the first time in the history of Russian civilization the turn of the 16th
century witnessed the rise of a united Russian state, which embodied principles of autocracy and a
communal way of life, namely a state, which was both communal and autocratic in its form and nature.
Refs 53.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

value: medieval Rus

value: city-states

value: veche

value: the princely power

value: zemskaia (communal) system

value: Great Russian state system

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Puzanov, Viktor V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Puzanov V. V. Factors and characteristics of east Slavic politogenesis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 58–68.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper is dedicated to the factors and characteristics of East Slavic politogenesis. The role of
internal (development of the productive economy, population density, natural environment, ideology)
and external (war, distant commerce, cultural diffusion) factors is analyzed by using a multilinear
approach. It is shown that on the eve of the formation of the Ancient Russian state, under the harsh
natural conditions of Eastern Europe and low population density, the low level of productive economy
(especially cottage industry) defined the character of the undeveloped social stratification and
potestary institutions of the East Slavs. The geopolitical position at the civilizational fracture zones and
the region’s exposure to external invasions were another influence on these processes. With the impact
of the internal factors being limited, external factors were crucial in defining the military character of
the East Slavic politogenesis. Refs 38.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: East Slavs

value: politogenesis

value: productive economy

value: population density

value: ecological environment

value: ideology

value: war

value: foreign commerce

value: cultural diffusion


dc.contributor.author

value: Danks, Catherine J.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Danks Catherine J. Manchester and Leningrad: from fraternal allies to partner cities. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 223–236.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines the processes that culminated in the signing of an Agreement of Friendship between
Manchester and Leningrad in 1962. The signing of such an agreement is both a civic level action
expressing the aspirations of ordinary people and politicians within the two cities, but it must be
placed within the context of developments in intergovernmental relations. This article examines the
key actors in this process, the organisation of the process as well as the local, national and international
factors that influenced it. Refs 50.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: World War II

value: wartime alliance

value: British Soviet Unity

value: Anglo-Russian Unity

value: fraternalties

value: town twinning

value: partner cites

value: Kiev

value: Kharkov

value: Leningrad

value: Manchester


dc.contributor.author

value: Okoń, Danuta

dc.identifier.citation

value: Okoń D. Septimius Severus et senatores once again. A Debate with Cesare Letta. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 174–185.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article controverts Cesare Letta’s lecture given on the 19th International Epigraphic Congress
(Rome 2014) and published later that year in the post-conference proceedings (C. Letta, Settimo
Severo e il senato // Epigrafia e ordine senatorio, 30 anni dopo, Roma. 2014, pp. 127–141).
C. Letta claims (and I disagree with him) that the upper limit of senators in the Severan era is
600. He rejects Historia Augusta with its list of condemned senators mentioned by name at the same
time including anonymous ones known from other sources (such as Herodian, Cassius Dio, epigraphy)
thus establishing the number of senators repressed by Septimius Severus at 111.
On the basis of my research I conclude that the limit of senators amounts to 900–1000 people,
the list of the repressed (only the ones known by name) amounts to 55 people, that is 5 % of the senate’s
makeup. I ascertain the aforementioned figures (as regards the scope of repressions) are minimum
values, however, contrary to C. Letta’s calculations, mine are based on substantive personal data.
I concur with Cesare Letta that Africans had strong position in senate of the Roman Empire in
the Antonine as well as in the Severan era. According to my research, they constituted a bit more than
20 % of all senators in the Severan period. Nevertheless, I uphold my opinion of a significant role of
Africans being in the very close circles of Septimius Severus — they constituted 40 % of the senators
there. These values (20 % and 40 %) are very meaningful and they represent the role of Severus’s kin
in the ruling elite well. Therefore, I can not agree with Cesare Letta that the issue of origo in Septimius
Severus’s personal policy can be marginalized. Refs 14.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Septimius Severus

value: senate

value: repressions

dc.title

value: Article


title: Ivan IV consults his elite subjects

dc.contributor.author

value: Halperin, Charles J.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Halperin Charles J. Ivan IV consults his elite subjects. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2016, issue 4, pp. 69–76.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The relationship of the ruler to his advisors was a central issue of sixteenth-century Muscovite political
theory. This article explores how narrative sources presented the ideal paradigm of the ruler consulting
his subjects to Ivan in practice by analyzing passages containing forms of the verb sovetovati (to advise,
to consult with) pertaining to Ivan. Such references did not occur uniformly throughout Ivan’s reign.
Two brief clusters, a smaller one when Grand Princess Elena exercised authority, and a much denser
one dealing with the eventual conquest of Kazan’, were each followed by periods of only erratic and
scattered references. This disparity cannot be explained by any hostility during Ivan’s maturity on the
part of the compilers of narrative accounts, because those narratives, although they did not regurgitate
every earlier usage of the concept, did not rewrite the past consistently to erase previous references.
This chronological disparity in references to consultation cannot be attributed to content. Overall the
chronicles did not lack for opportunities to allude to consultation. Though foreign policy decisions
dealing with Lithuania and Kazan’ dominate passages from narrative sources before 1554 that invoke
consultation, Muscovite history still was not lacking in foreign policy resolved in a consultative
manner between 1538 and 1549 or 1552 and 1567. Although it is tempting to see the apparent attrition
of references to Ivan’s consultations with the elite after 1552 to Ivan’s growing ‘autocratic’ pretensions to
rule without interference by his elite, such a line of reasoning cannot explain the comparable ‘decline’
of references to consultation between 1538 and 1549. Therefore proposing a rational explanation for
the pattern of allusions to Ivan’s consultation with the elite would be premature. Refs 19.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 2. History;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Ivan IV

value: annals

value: chronicles

value: meetings

value: consultations etiquette

value: elite

value: Muscovy

value: Ivan IV consults his elite subjects


title: Правоведы Петербургского университета в Государственной Думе Российской империи

dc.contributor.author

value: Анисимов, Олег Викторович

value: Anisimov, Oleg

dc.description.abstract

value: Очерк посвящен участию преподавателей-юристов Санкт-Петербургского (Петроградского) университета в работе Государственной Думы имперского периода, всех четырех созывов. Проанализированы особенности научных и политических биографий семи профессоров и преподавателей, показана преемственность их деятельности с традициями освободительного движения и традицией научного исследования либеральных преобразований в государстве. На основе привлеченных стенографических, публицистических, мемуарных источников показан конкретный вклад правоведов-универсантов в развитие парламентаризма в России.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: ЛЕМА

value: Государственная Дума

value: Санкт-Петербургский университет

value: парламентаризм

value: история права

value: юридический факультет

value: конституционализм

value: Ковалевский М.М.

value: Петражицкий Л.И.

value: Гессен В.М.

value: Кузьмин-Караваев В.Д.

value: Мейендорф А.Ф.

value: Розин Н.Н.

value: Гронский П.П.

dc.title.alternative

value: Исторический очерк

value: Legal Scholars of St. Petersburg University in the State Duma of the Russian Empire : Historical Essay

dc.type

value: Book

filename: Анисимов О.В. Правоведы Петербургского университета.pdf

description: полный текст книги


dc.contributor.author

value: Leus, Tatiana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Leus T. V. Interallelic interactions genes’ tipes in inheritance of corolla colour of safflower. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 3. Biology, 2016, issue 4, pp. 108–116.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Safflower is a minor oilseed crop. It has red, orange, yellow and white flowers which colouring agents
used to be natural colour source. Nowadays there is no agreement between researchers about inheritance
of corolla colour in safflower. Our aim was to find out interactions character of genes in generating
corolla colour. The experiments were held in 2009–2015 with 13 samples of IOC NAAS collection.
2 monohybrid, 11 dihybrid and 2 trihybrid crosses were analysed. It was shown the genes coding
corolla colour of safflower form interactions such as: 1) genes O and R interact complementarily forming
new sign of orange corolla colour with individual manifestation of each of them of yellow and
red colour accordingly; 2) gene C forms dominant epistatic interactions with genes O and R with
individual manifestation of yellow corolla colour; 3) gene Y forms recessive epistatic interactions with
genes O, R and C without individual manifestation. Recessive homozygote in it makes white corolla
colour. Refs 17. Tables 3.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 3. Biology;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: dominant epistasis

value: recessive epistasis

value: complementation

value: gene interactions

value: corolla colour

value: safflower

dc.title

value: Article


title: From the Editor (To the 70-th anniversary of “Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University” and 60-th anniversary of the “Biology” series)

dc.language.iso

value: ru

filename: 00-Ot redaktora.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Korotaeva, Yuliya V.

value: Nozdrachev, Alexander D.

value: Tsirkin, Victor I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korotaeva Ju. V., Nozdrachov A. D., Tsirkin V. I. The influence of adrenaline on contractility and excitability of myocardium of rat right ventricle depending on phases of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Vestnik SPbSU. Series 3. Biology, 2016, issue 4, pp. 76–98.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Investigated the contractile activity of 34 myocardium strips of right ventricular of 17 nonpregnant
rats, including with estrogen (9) and progesterone (8) background, and 17 pregnant rats — at the early
(5–10 days; n = 7), middle (11–18 days; n = 7) and late (19–21 days; n = 3) stages. Contractions caused
by electrostimuls (5 ms, 20 B, 1 Hz), and their registration was performed using the force transducer.
Adrenoreactivity of strips were evaluated by the pattern of inotropic and batmotropic effects of adrenaline
(10-9–10-5 g/ml). It has been established that contractility of myocardium is not changed during
the estrous cycle. In pregnancy, it does not increase, and even decreases, which is typical for middle
and late stages. Adrenoreactivity of myocardium, according to the inotropic effect of adrenaline, did
not depend on the phase of the estrous cycle (PhEC), but depended on the presence of pregnancy — in
early stages it remained relatively high, and in the middle and late stages — decreased. Excitability of
intactmyocardium did not depend on PhEC and the presence of pregnancy. Adrenaline showed positive
batmotropic effect. Its expression was dependent on the PhEC (it decreases with the dominance of
progesterone background) and the presence of pregnancy (in early stage it increases, and in the middle
and late stages — it decreases). It is assumed that changes of adrenoreactivity of the myocardium of
the rat right ventricle during pregnancy are due by increasing of the expression of alpha1-, beta2- and
beta3-adrenoceptors. Refs 58. Figs 5. Table 1.

dc.subject

value: rat myocardium

value: right ventricle

value: contractility

value: electroexcitability

value: estrous cycle

value: pregnancy


dc.contributor.author

value: Schepina, Natalia А.

value: Khenzykhenova, Fedora I.

value: Namzalova, Oyna D.-Ts.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Schepina N. А., Khenzykhenova F. I., Namzalova O. D.-Ts. Amphibian and reptilian fauna of the Вaikal region of late pleistocene and holocene (new data). Vestnik SPbSU. Series 3. Biology, 2016, issue 4, pp. 48–61.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents new data on amphibians (Anura, Amphibia) and reptiles (Sauria, Reptilia) as
components of the Baikal region fauna of Late Pleistocene and Holocene. For the first time the bone
remains of the Mongolian toad, Strauchbufo raddei, from the Kharyaska-2, Chernoyarovo, Desyatnikovo,
Pesterevo, Oshurkovo localities have been identified. Remains of Lacertidae: Mongolian lizard,
Eremias cf. argus, in Transbaikalia and a lizard, Lacerta sp., in Fore-Baikal area are described.
Based on these materials a reconstruction of the Baikal region paleolandscapes in Late Pleistocene and
Holocene are presented. Environmental confinedness of species is defined in accordance of that of the
recent fauna. Refs 35. Figs 6. Table 1.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Работа выполнена при поддержке грантов РФФИ, № 15-05-01858, № 16-05-01096, проекта
Комплексной Программы ФИ СО РАН № II. 2П «Интеграция и развитие» на 2016 г. II.2П/IX.127-1
«Закономерности динамики условий увлажнения и аридизация климата в плейстоцене и голоцене
Сибири».

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 3. Biology;Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Amphibia

value: Reptilia

value: Mongolian toad Strauchbufo raddei

value: Mongolian lizard Eremias cf. argus

value: Lacerta sp.

value: Late Pleistocene

value: Holocene

value: Baikal region

value: Fore-Baikal area

value: Transbaikalia


dc.contributor.author

value: Balashova, Nataliya B.

value: Kiselev, Grigoriy A.

value: Stepanova, Vera A.

value: Tobias, Anna V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Balashova N. B., Kiselev G. A., Stepanova V. A., Tobias A. V. Benthic diatoms of the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland (Lebyazhiy nature reserve). Vestnik SPbSU. Series 3. Biology, 2016, issue 4, pp. 9–25.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The benthic diatom flora of the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland (Lebyazhiy nature reserve) was
studied. Species and varieties of diatoms were identifi ed based on their morphological features using
light and electron microscopy. A total of 154 diatom taxa were identified, including several varieties.
They are centric diatoms, araphid diatoms, monoraphid diatoms, symmetrical biraphid diatoms,
asymmetrical biraphid diatoms. Most of them belongs to symmetrical biraphid diatoms but the most
abundant are araphid diatoms. An assemblage composed of epipelic, epiphytic, epilitic, epipsammic and planktonic species have been found. Salinity was the important factor that determined the composition
of diatoms. The diatom community contains freshwater, freshwater-brackish, brackish and
marine taxa. The diatom assemblage included taxa (58%) widely distributed in the Baltic Sea. Nine
species are recorded for the fi rst time in the Gulf of Finland, twelve species — in the Baltic Sea. This
first comprehensive checklist of the diatoms in the study area compiled with an account of earlier
published works and with an account of modern nomenclature changes is presented. Refs 32. Figs 2.

value: ru

dc.subject

value: diatoms

value: Lebyazhiy nature reserve

value: southern coast of the Gulf of Finland

dc.type

value: Article