dc.contributor.author

value: Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva, Desislava S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cheshmedzhieva-Stoycheva, D. S. (2020). Media discourse on women in politics: The first Muslim woman of colour in US Congress. Media Linguistics, 7 (4), 490–500.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This analysis is a part of a bigger study on the presentation of Muslim women in the media.
The focus here is on Ilhan Omar, the first Muslim Somali-born woman in American Congress,
and more specifically on the latest publications on Omar which delve into her personal
family life and the alleged marriage she has entered into with her brother, so that she can
provide him with a green card for the USA. The topic presents a cross-section of several major
fields of study such as feminism, media studies, and culture studies as the emphasis is on
the biased media representation intended to diminish the real worth of a woman politician
who is a carrier of several different identities, namely: gender, religious, ethnic, and class. The
corpus for this study consists of 42 articles published in various online media over a period
of four months from January 2020 to April 2020. The paper argues that first, the presentation
Ilhan Omar enjoys is gendered and second, that it is subjected to the stereotypical image of
Muslim women as submissive and silent, being of a lower status than men, especially in a
male-dominated field such as politics. In addition, it is also argued that although Omar breaks
the existing stereotypes of Muslim women, the way media present her actually reinforces the
preconceived ideas she refutes. To prove the above, the main methods of analysis applied are
Critical Discourse Analysis along with Multi-modal analysis when the non-verbal part of the
presentation on the image is concerned.

dc.subject

value: media discourse

value: Muslim women

value: politics

value: CDA

value: feminism


dc.contributor.author

value: Alexandrov, Alexey I.

value: Elagina, Elena V.

value: Kharatishvili, Anton G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alexandrov, Alexey I., Elena V. Elagina, Anton G. Kharatishvili. 2020. “Seizure of objects, substances and materials before the initiation of criminal proceedings: Procedural grounds, legal consequences, problems and ways to solve them”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 936–949.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Problems at the stage of the initiation of criminal proceedings, both in the criminal process
and in criminalistics, have always been perceived as acutely relevant. After all, it is at this stage
of criminal proceedings that the formation of the evidence base begins where as a rule, the collection,
documentation and subsequent research of material objects (objects, substances and
materials) both seized in the course of investigative actions, and received in the course of other
actions, can be conditionally called non — procedural. Practice shows that law enforcement
officers refer to the Federal law “On Police”, The Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian
Federation, and the norms of the Federal Law “On Operational and Investigative Activities”
to justify the legality and legitimacy of their actions, which, according to the authors, is
very controversial, since these normative sources do not contain the appropriate grounds. This
article deals with issues related to the seizure of material objects — items, substances and materials
that are important for the investigation of crimes, in cases when a criminal case has not
yet been initiated, which limits the possibility of using the procedural mechanisms provided
for by criminal procedure legislation implemented at the stage of preliminary investigation.
The authors are not restricted to criminal procedural institutions and consider the problem of
seizures in the context of administrative law and legislation governing investigative activities.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: the removal of items

value: substances and materials

value: the initiation of criminal proceedings

value: investigative actions

value: operational investigative activities

value: procedural activities in applying measures of administrative coercion

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Naldoniová, Lenka

dc.identifier.citation

value: Naldoniová L. Philosophical and scientific interaction between Vladimir Vernadsky and Pavel Florensky. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 4, pp. 645–656.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the philosophical and scientific dialogue between Vladimir Vernadsky
and Pavel Florensky in the context of Russian philosophy. Florensky formulated his philosophy
in the book The Pillar and Ground of the Truth, making a great impact on Vernadsky.
The two philosophers exchanged their thoughts through letters. During the time of his imprisonment,
Florensky wrote letters on scientific topics to his son Kirill, who worked with
Vernadsky. Thus, Kirill Florensky became the point of contact between the two thinkers. The
present article aims to show the complementarity between Vernadsky’s and Florensky’s work
with a particular emphasis on their conception of noosphere-pneumatosphere connected with
Plato’s methaphysics, which Florensky interpreted as the world of the Truth or absolute reality.
Through investigating Vernadsky’s and Florensky’s letters and diaries and comparing their
conceptions of noosphere and pneumatosphere, as well as their interpretation of reality in
their writings, it is possible to determine influences of the concepts important for Russian
religious philosophers, such as a tendency towards wholeness and intuition. The first part of
the article examines Vernadsky in relation to Russian idealists, the second part of the article is
focused on the relationship between Vernadsky and Florensky, and the third on the concepts
of noosphere, pneumatosphere, and the concept of reality (living being) — absolute reality
(Truth). Through these three steps, the complementarity of Vernadsky’s and Florensky’s interpretations
are illustrated. Their interpretations are not contradictory because while Vernadsky
dealt with Earth’s reality and its evolution, and Florensky focused on the metaphysical world,
both were interested in the evolution of the biosphere-noosphere/pneumatosphere through
the activity of man. The article is the first study in English focused on the scientific and religious-
philosophical interaction between Vernadsky and Florensky.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is published as the result of research funded by the Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava,
project SGS03/FF/2019–2020 “Bílá místa dějin a současnosti filozofie: Osobnosti a témata na okraji kánonu”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Vladimir Vernadsky

value: Pavel Florensky

value: noosphere

value: pneumatosphere

value: Russian philosophy

value: asymmetry

value: dissymetry

value: living matter

value: reality

value: intuitive knowledge

value: Truth

value: wholeness


dc.contributor.author

value: Rudneva, Irina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rudneva, I. 2020. Toxic effects of mazut on early developmental stages of blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus. Bio. Comm. 65(4): 331–336.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Coastal marine waters are known as spawning sites of fish and invertebrates,
which are highly sensitive to crude oil and its derivates in their early developmental
stages. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects
of mazut at concentrations of 0.00001, 0.02, 0.1, and 0.2 ml/l on antioxidant
enzyme activities in developmental embryos (stage V) of the Black Sea blenny
Parablennius sanguinolentus. The biomarkers of oxidative stress — namely superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER) and glutathione reductase
(GR) — were investigated. This revealed a non-uniform impact of mazut
concentration on fish embryos. The correlations between enzyme activities
and mazut concentrations were non-linear, and tested antioxidants fluctuated
independently from one another. The obtained results can be applied to the
development of oil toxicity tests for assessment of water quality and in conservation
biology.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study was supported by
the Russian Foundation of Basic Research
(Project No. 18-44-920007 ‘‘The role of
global and local factors in the formation of
ichthyoplanktonic communities in the Black
Sea”).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Black Sea

value: mazut

value: fish eggs

value: blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus

value: antioxidant enzymes

value: oil pollution

value: biomarkers

value: oxidative stress

value: monitoring

value: risk assessment

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chilakhsaeva, Ekaterina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chilakhsaeva, E. 2020. Some biological traits of the parasitoid wasp Rhopalicus tutela (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in spruce forests of Moscow Region, Russia. Bio. Comm. 65(4): 307–314.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Some biological traits of Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), a parasitoid of the European
spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.), were studied both in forests of
Moscow Region, Russia, and under laboratory conditions. Females of R. tutela
have mature eggs after overwintering and thus do not need additional feeding
to lay eggs. Under laboratory conditions at 8 °C, the life expectancy of males
is 58 ± 44 days and that of females is 36 ± 45 days. An increase of temperature
shortens the developmental period of R. tutela, which can proceed without
diapause. The duration of one generation in the laboratory at 22–24 °C is
14–16 days. In spruce forests of Moscow Region, R. tutela has two or three generations
per year.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Rhopalicus tutela

value: Ips typographus

value: parasitoid

value: biological trait

value: laboratory insect culture

value: biological protection

value: spruce forest


dc.contributor.author

value: Novikova, Tatiana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Novikova, Tatiana V. 2020. “Contract for the international sale of goods: Principle of autonomy of the will of parties within documents of the Hague Conference on Private International Law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 972–992.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of legal regulation dealing with choice-of-law agreements
by parties to international sale of goods contracts, namely in two documents of the Hague
Conference on Private International Law: the Convention of 1955 on the Law Applicable to
International Sales of Goods (in force) and the Convention of 1986 on the Law Applicable to
Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (not yet in force). The Convention of 1955 sets
a strict standard of autonomy of will (choice of a country’s domestic law; based only on the
terms of the contract). Having a small number of participants and characterized by inconsistent
law enforcement practice, this convention, nevertheless, is a valid legal instrument which
Russian actors in the field of external trade should take into account when cooperating with
nationals of member states. The Convention of 1986 establishes a substantively more liberal autonomy of will standard (change of the applicable law; demonstrated by the terms of the
contract and the conduct of the parties in their entirety). However, many participants in the
drafting procedure led to a wide range of views in regard to parties’ autonomy (including diametrically
opposite ones). This resulted in a compromise nature of the solutions (and even
the drafters’ direct refusal to address parties’ choice sensitive issues: choice of lex mercatoria,
dépeçage) and, likely, an insufficient adoption for the Convention to enter into force. The
Conventions’ basic principles (1955 — irrespective of having a few number of participants;
1986 — irrespective of not entering into force) have the potential for practical application in
international commercial arbitration. In the case of parties’ autonomy, such an application
would be limited to its recognition as far as the standard of the first is strict and somewhat
outdated, whereas the standard of the second has been accepted in the framework of discord
between states and avoids addressing sensitive issues in its implementation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 4

value: autonomy of will

value: applicable law choice

value: choice-of-law agreement

value: choice-of-law clause

value: international purchase and sale

value: purchase and sale contract

value: conflict of laws

value: conflict rules unification


dc.contributor.author

value: Kazakova, Vera A.

value: Korableva, Svetlana Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kazakova, Vera A., Svetlana Yu. Korableva. 2020. “Article 169 of the Criminal Сode of the Russian Federation — imitation of business protection”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 919–935.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of a study of a crime under Article 169 of the Criminal Code of
the Russian Federation, as well as the prospects for improving the legislation in order to more
effectively protect business freedoms. In Russian criminal legislation there is a separate article
that prohibits an official from interfering with the activities of individual entrepreneurs and
legal entities. However, the analysis of criminal statistics shows that the existence of a separate
article for the protection of entrepreneurs’ rights does not help to combat the existing state of
things. This is partly due to the fact that the improvement of the regulatory environment for
the creation of legal entities made it impractical to a commit acts prohibited by this article.
There is also a high latency of illegal actions by officials who pressure businesses. For example,
in Russia veiled extortion is quite common in order to force entrepreneurs to provide free
financial assistance, from allocating funds for social purposes to providing the authorities
with necessary items for various events. The authors note that the most important condition
for the freedom of entrepreneurs today is the improvement of civil legislation in the field of
social partnership between government and business. Criminal legislation is the last line of
protection for business entities and should be as effective as possible. Outdated and cumbersome
wording of Article 169 of the Russian Criminal Code does not meet this criterion. The
actions of officials contrary to the interests of the service should be qualified as malfeasance by
a public official (Art. 285, 286 of the Criminal Code), including any forms of the restriction of
rights and freedoms of business.

value: business rights and protections

value: obstruction of business

value: economic crimes

value: malfeasance

value: abuse of office

value: malversation

value: corporate liability of business

value: social partnership

value: competition of norms

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernigovskaya, Tatiana V.

value: Allakhverdov, Viktor M.

value: Korotkov, Alexander D.

value: Gershkovich, Valeria A.

value: Kireev, Maxim V.

value: Prokopenya, Veronika K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernigovskaya T. V., Allakhverdov V. M., Korotkov A. D., Gershkovich V. A., Kireev M. V., Prokopenya V. K. Human brain and ambiguity of cognitive information: A convergent approach. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 4, pp. 675–686.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses the implementation of the convergent approach on the example of studying
mechanisms for selecting meanings in situations of ambiguity by the methods of cognitive
psychology, linguistics, and neurophysiology. We describe the rationale of the problem statement
for convergent research and the necessary prerequisites for implementing an interdisciplinary
approach. We consider that in case of ambiguity resolution the special mechanism
provides the choice: which meaning would enter consciousness (and he / she becomes aware
of it), and which — is rejected. That being said, the unselected meaning is not simply ignored,
but rather actively suppressed. Such suppression results in its negative after-effect; more precisely
the difficulty of retrieving the previously suppressed information. In our research the
fMRI method made it possible to study brain mechanisms involved in the selection of a word’s
meaning while behavioral methods allowed for the study of the after-effects of this selection.
Thanks to the mutual development of a design by representatives of cognitive psychology,
linguistics, and neurophysiology, it is possible to overcome the considerable methodological
incompatibility of those methods. The results discovered in behavioral psychological research
demonstrated negative after-effects of the rejected meaning. However, without the neurophysiological
approach the data would remain unclear due to two possible interpretations. As a
result of the analysis of the brain functional activity, the decrease in the localized hippocampal
activity during the selection of meaning for an ambiguous word was revealed. This supports
the hypothesis that the involvement of suppression processes in ambiguity resolution exists.
Our work once again illustrates how important forethought and a philosophical foundation
of the question posed is for interdisciplinary research regarding the processes of brain mechanisms.
Unification of the efforts of representatives of various sciences provides qualitative new
knowledge, which would not be possible to achieve in a different experimental situation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project no. 18-00-00646 К
(18-00-00640, 18-00-00644, 18-00-00645).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: convergent approach

value: multidisciplinary research

value: ambiguity

value: meaning selection

value: brain mechanisms


dc.contributor.author

value: Rostova, Natalya N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rostova N. N. Aggiornamento of anthropology: Bridging the border between nature and culture. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 4, рр. 731–750.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes modern western projects to update anthropology. The projects are united
by the idea of the end of human exclusiveness, which is a modern form of the concept
of human death. According to idea of the end of human exclusiveness, a person has no
ontological privileges in the world, and he must be thought of as a part in the totality of
other parts of the whole — nature, space, objects, etc. It is possible to allocate four forms
of the realization of this idea: overcoming the oppositions “nature-culture”, “man-animal”,
“man-technician”, and “man-objects”. In the article the first form of this idea, projects of anthropology
beyond nature and culture, is analyzed. Within the framework of these projects,
two tendencies are observed — naturalization of man and anthropomorphization of the
world. Both directions are investigated on the example of works, on the one hand, of Jean-Marie Schaeffer, on the other, Philippe Descola and Ernesto B. Viveiros de Castro. Schaeffer’s
anthropology becomes anti-anthropology the moment he starts speaking of man in the
language of evolutionary biology. Man fits them into an evolutionary process, within which
the cause of a person’s actions appears beyond him. The anthropomorphization of the world
is based on ethnographic data on the so-called “primitive peoples”. If naturalism concerns
the reduction of the anthropological to the biological, then here it is possible to speak of
an intellectual forgery. Descola and de Castro identify the ideas of weak philosophy on the
bases where the life of the mystery community is constructed. In this case, the mystery is described
in social categories, and the exotic content of representations of the studied peoples
serves as an argument for the chaotization of our own ideas. The author of the article believes
that modern anti-anthropologists are trying to interpret the truly human, contained
in mysteries, in terms of the inhuman.

dc.subject

value: philosophical anthropology

value: idea of human death

value: inhuman

value: inhuman Other

value: consciousness

value: mystery

value: new naturalism

value: freedom

value: culture

value: nature

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Blinova, Olga V.

value: Belov, Sergei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Blinova, Olga V., Sergei A. Belov. 2020. “Linguistic ambiguity and vagueness in Russian legal texts”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 774–812.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In Russian legal texts there are many various language-based phenomena identified by lawyers
as “cases of indeterminacy.” Looking at these phenomena from a linguistic point of view allows
one to offer their meaningful classification. This article presents such a classification. It
is based on the traditional distinction between ambiguity (we discuss only lexical, structural,
and referential ambiguity) and vagueness, namely: vagueness in the narrow sense, fuzziness
(we distinguish between referential fuzziness, classificatory fuzziness, and lexical fuzzy expressions
including hedges, fuzzy quantifiers etc.), and lack of specification. In addition to
the classification itself, the article provides some semantic tests and a variety of examples that
illustrate the different types of ambiguity and vagueness, including those from Russian legal
texts. We particularly argue that the cases of syntactic and referential ambiguity are periodically
encountered in Russian language of law. Among them, for example, the cases of coordination
ambiguity, the cases of relative clause attachment ambiguity and others. At the same
time, the found examples of vagueness are expectedly much more numerous. The article aims
to provide lawyers with tools for the systematic search and analysis of cases of linguistic ambiguity
and vagueness in Russian texts.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: legal language

value: Russian

value: semantics

value: ambiguity

value: lexical ambiguity

value: structural ambiguity

value: vagueness

value: fuzziness

value: lack of specification


dc.contributor.author

value: Trofimov, Albert A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trofimov, Albert A. 2020. “Characteristics of modern budget legal regulation in China”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 993–1008.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the current budget legal regulation in the People’s Republic of China
(PRC). The author applies the context-legal approach, which assumes the obligation to take
into account the features of the modern Chinese legal system. The features of “socialism with
Chinese characteristics in the new era” are able to provide a deeper understanding of the
public finance legal regulation (especially budget law). The analysis of various sources of the
budget law in the PRC leads to the conclusion about the frequently occurring inconsistency
of the Chinese legislator, uncertainty and declarative nature of the budget legal norms. The
problem of the multiplicity of sources of legal regulation, which entails excessive duplication
of legal norms, exists alongside the problem of the lack of a clear hierarchy of normative legal
acts in the Chinese legal system. The ongoing reforms are seen as fragmentary, often becoming
the main cause of contradictions between the introduced and non-repealed normative legal
acts. In the article, special attention is paid to China’s experimental (pilot) procedure for the
adoption of normative legal acts, which has a number of disadvantages that reduce the guarantees
of the rights of obligated subjects. The article also provides an analysis of the existing
sources of China’s budget law: from the constitutional level to the local one. It is found that the
basic Budget Law of the PRC is flawed and not devoid of uncertainties. At the same time, the
discussion on the role of the acts of the Communist Party of China provides new evidence that
such acts have characteristics of a source of law.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project no. 19-311-90054.

value: China

value: Chinese legal system

value: budget law

value: Chinese Communist Party

value: socialism with Chinese characteristics

value: sources of Chinese law

value: budget

value: experimental procedure

value: budget system

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vieweg, Klaus

value: Ivanenko, Anton A.

value: Muravev, Andrei N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vieweg K., Ivanenko A. A., Muravev A. N. On the 250th anniversary of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 4, pp. 608–620.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Two and a half centuries since the birth of Hegel give reason to try to understand why he, like
other great philosophers irrelevant of how many centuries ago they were born, should not be
forgotten. The first part of the article deals with the content of the central and most difficult
part of Hegel’s Science of logic — the doctrine of essence. This particular work illustrates that
its creator successfully passed between the Scylla of realism, which insists on the immediacy of
knowledge, and the Charybdis of constructivism, which advocates its mediation. Hegel curbs
the claims of mediation and immediacy to exclusivity revealing their concrete identity. The
second part of the article explores the perspective of the theoretical and scientific knowledge of the spirit, discovered by Hegel, which makes it possible to avoid the extremes of historicism
and essentialism that prevailed after Hegel in the sciences of the spirit. Historicism dissolves
the unified essence of various spiritual phenomena in the flow of history, which it considers
a purposeless element of change. Essentialism asserts the existence of this essence, but leaves
it undefined. Hegel logically determines what is historical in the existence of the spirit, and
what transcends history as its absolute goal. The last part of the article indicates the reason
for the obvious underestimation of Hegel’s achievements by figures of modern philosophical
culture. The place of the Hegelian system in the historical development of philosophy and its
actual significance for modernity as a model of philosophical knowledge of truth, nature and
spirit, without which the history of philosophy is not complete and cannot be understood as
a whole, is determined.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-011-00746 A.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Hegel

value: logical method

value: history of philosophy

value: realism

value: constructivism

value: historicism

value: essentialism

value: modern world


dc.contributor.author

value: Południak-Gierz, Katarzyna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Południak-Gierz, Katarzyna. 2020. “Personalized agreement — a new contractual model”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1009–1021.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In consumer e-commerce, personalization of the content of an agreement in accordance with
expectations, traits and circumstances of a particular person has become a common practice.
In order to adequately address this new phenomenon, it is crucial to determine how the legal
system should perceive consumer contracts concluded via the Internet with the use of personalization
tools. For this purpose, the European Union perspective is adopted. Peculiarities
of personalized agreements are varied. The entrepreneur has access to a vast amount of data
on consumers and he is able to use it to his benefit by personalizing means, time and content
of communication sent while forming a contractual bond with the consumer. In contrast, the
consumer is not familiar with the scope and the utility of the data that the trader is processing.
Also, personalization practices are aimed at inspiring trust in the trader, which, in sum, make
the consumer especially exposed to manipulation. As a result, the asymmetry between the
parties deepens. Personalization can be, therefore, perceived as a marketing technique. However,
due to its impact on the contractual relationship, it is justified to explore also whether it
could be treated as a new type of contract or an emerging contractual model. The analysis suggests
that the phenomenon should be considered as another step in the evolution of consumer
contracts — personalization, to a certain extent, supersedes standardization of mass turnover
in the online environment.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: personalization

value: consumer law

value: e-commerce

value: big data

value: profiling

value: contracts

value: business to consumer

value: Internet

value: granular law

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Belimov, Andrey

value: Shaposhnikov, Alexander

value: Safronova, Vera

value: Gogolev, Yuri

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belimov, A., Shaposhnikov, A., Safronova, V., and Gogolev, Yu. 2020. Abscisic acid-utilizing rhizobacteria disturb nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of pea Pisum sativum L. Bio. Comm. 65(4): 283–287.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Rhizosphere bacteria are capable of utilizing various phytohormones (particularly
auxins) as nutrients and thereby affect plant growth, nutrition and interactions
with symbiotic microorganisms. Here, for the first time we evaluated the
effects of rhizosphere bacteria Novosphingobium sp. P6W and Rhodococcus sp.
P1Y capable of utilizing abscisic acid (ABA) on growth and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis
of pea (Pisum sativum L.) line SGE and its Cd-insensitive mutant SGECdt
using hydroponic culture. The plants were co-inoculated with the ABA-utilizing
bacteria and nodule bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae RCAM1066.
Treatment with cadmium (Cd) was applied as an inducer of ABA biosynthesis
in plants. In the presence of only nodule bacteria, Cd significantly inhibited
the growth of roots and shoots and also decreased the nodule number and
nitrogen-fixing activity in SGE peas, but not in the SGECdt mutant. Inoculation
with ABA-utilizing bacteria also inhibited biomass production, nodulation and
nitrogen-fixation of Cd-untreated SGE plants. This negative effect of bacteria on
the SGECdt mutant was less pronounced. Contrary to this, ABA-utilizing bacteria
had no effect on SGE plants treated with Cd, but decreased shoot biomass
and nitrogen-fixing activity of the SGECdt mutant. Inoculation with ABA-utilizing
bacteria had no effect on shoot Cd and nutrient content of both pea genotypes,
suggesting that bacterial effects on plants were not associated with the plant
nutrient status. We propose that the bacteria counteracted the increased ABA
concentrations in SGE roots caused by Cd due to utilization of this phytohormone.
However, opposite processes aimed at inhibiting and stimulating growth
and legume–rhizobia symbiosis can be caused by the ABA-utilizing bacteria.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was mainly supported
by the Russian Foundation of Basic
Research (Grant No. 12-04-01655-а) and
elemental analysis of plants was supported
by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant
No. 17-14-01363).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: abscisic acid

value: cadmium

value: nitrogen fixation

value: nodulation

value: Novosphingobium

value: Rhodococcus

value: pea

value: phytohormones

value: PGPR

value: symbiosis


title: Scientist and friend

dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, S. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov S. A. Scientist and friend. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 496–497.

dc.description.abstract

value: Scientist and friend

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.type

value: Article


title: In memoriam of scientist and friend

dc.contributor.author

value: Skvortsov, N. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Skvortsov N. G. In memoriam of scientist and friend. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, p. 495

dc.description.abstract

value: In memoriam of scientist and friend

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Kosianova, Aleksandra

value: Tiasto, Vladlena

value: Yatsunskaya, Margarita

value: Khotimchenko, Yuri

value: Kagansky, Alexander

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kosianova, A., Tiasto, V., Yatsunskaya, M., Khotimchenko, Yu., and Kagansky, A.† 2020. Natural molecules as modulators of epigenetic silencing in human cells for cancer care and aging. Bio. Comm. 65(4): 315–330.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The etiology and pathogenesis of malignant tumor growth are associated with
impaired gene expression, leading to accelerated proliferation, evasion of
apoptosis, and metabolic deregulations with abnormal blood supply and innervation.
Currently, hundreds of tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes
are known. Mutations, epigenetic alterations, exposure to viruses, and other
environmental factors can cause pathological changes in gene expression. The
key mechanisms of carcinogenesis are now considered to be linked to epigenetic
events. A better understanding of epigenetic targets and pathways is needed
to develop new strategies in antitumor chemotherapy. The majority of modern
cancer drugs were taken from nature, yet only a small fraction of natural molecular
diversity has been explored to date. Therefore, there is great interest in
identifying new natural molecules for modulating gene expression by rewiring
epigenetic pathways. This review is focused on examples of known natural molecules
available to biomedicine, especially ones capable of modulating epigenetic
landscapes and therefore relevant for cancer prevention and aging.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by
the Russian Science Foundation (Project
No. 20-15-00378).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: cancer

value: aging

value: natural products

value: silencing

value: methylation

value: histone modification

value: signaling pathways


dc.contributor.author

value: Dianova, Valentina M.

value: Skoczynski, Yan H.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dianova V. M., Skoczynski Yа. G. “Slavic club in Krakow”: Scientific-educational work in 1901–1912. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 4, pp. 709–720.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article aims to study Slavic cultures as well as their breakthroughs and focuses on the analysis
of the work of the “Slavic club” intellectual community created on the territory of Austro-
Hungarian Empire. The club consisted of 45 members who held positions as university professors,
grammar school teachers and were scholars in liberal arts and humanities, as well as
cultural and art figures. The founders of the club saw their goal as creating a strong community
of Slavic culture experts who would be free of any political commitment. The political indifference
of the club was stated on the pages of its print media, the monthly journal “Slavic World”,
published in Krakow and sponsored by Polish philanthropists. The article highlights the work
of the club’s chairman, philosopher, linguist and cultural theoretician M. Zdziechowski and
mentions the most significant works of competent journal correspondents, such as professor
J. Baudouin de Courtenay, sociologist L. Gumplowicz, and writer A. Grzymała-Siedlecki. The
journal kept Polish academic readers informed about the latest developments and phenomena
of social life in the Slavic world and provided them with high-level expertise and evaluation.
The scientific-educational activities of the journal are thoroughly demonstrated in the paper.
The wide range of interests and topics discussed in the journal is illustrated. Authors of the
journal analysed works by L. Tolstoy, B. Chicherin, M. Bakunin, ideas of S. Sharapov, as well as
works of Russian Slavophiles. The whole period of the club’s activity until it was renamed as
the “Slavic community” in 1912 is widely covered in the article. The article shows the importance
of this international project for the consolidation of Slavic peoples.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: M. Zdziechowski

value: Polish Slavophiles

value: Slavic Club

value: intellectual community

value: cultural autonomy

value: literature

value: linguistics

value: enlightenment

value: intercultural interaction

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lepekhov, Sergey Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lepekhov S. Yu. The interrelationship between consciousness and sensuality in Nāgārjuna’s philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 4, pp. 751–765.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The interrelationship between consciousness and sensuality is a significant problem in many
philosophical systems. The peculiarities of religious philosophy consists in the congruence
of using argumentation with the basic religious dogmata, which are unchangeable and uncritiqued.
This aspect, in turn, stimulates the development of exegetics and hermeneutics. In
comparison with the Western philosophy, the particularity of Indian and Buddhist philosophy
infers a larger quantity of polemical materials directed against the representatives of other
competing schools. This article discusses the formation of the concept of “sensuality” in various
Buddhist schools (Theravāda, Sarvastivāda, Madhyamaka) and the mutual conditionality
of the sensual and mental (nāma-rūpa) in the conceptions of Theravādins and Sarvastivādins
is noted. The peculiarities of using the terms “Hīnayāna” and “Hīnayānist” in Mahāyāna texts
are explained. The representatives of Theravāda and Madhyamaka distinguished the terms
of “clear sense” and “hidden sense”, which, in turn, led to the appearance of the concept of “two truths” in Nāgārjuna’s philosophy. The particularities of his argumentation regarding
sensuality’s absence of self-nature (rūpa) and his analysis of the various aspects of reality (including
illusions, perceived as real ones) make it possible, which Nāgārjuna could admit, that
consciousness could be more real in comparison with sensuality. It is concluded that there are
no clear statements by Nāgārjuna about consciousness having an ontological status. In the
author’s opinion, the absence of a clear division between “two truths” makes it possible to use
this concept in social practice. The author’s translation to Russian of one of Nāgārjuna’s hymns
“The praising of inconceivable” (Acintyastava) from Sanskrit and from Tibetan is provided.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out within the state assignment of FASO Russia (project XII.187.1.4 “Cultural
heritage of the Transbaikalian peoples and contiguous regions of East Asia in the system of spiritual
values of Russia”, no. АААА-А17-117021310267-5).

dc.subject

value: Buddhism

value: Тheravāda

value: Sarvastivāda

value: Madhyamaka

value: nāma-rūpa

value: Nāgārjuna

value: Acintyastava


dc.contributor.author

value: Kamnev, Vladimir M.

value: Kamneva, Lolita S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kamnev V. M., Kamneva L. S. Mikhail Lifshits, György Lukács and theory of aesthetic reflection. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 4, pp. 721–730.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Mikhail Lifshits and György Lukács are known as authors of an absolutely original concept
of the cognitive force power of art. The theory of reflection which had a reputation of as one
of the most inert rigid and dogmatic aspects of the philosophy of Marxism in general was the
cornerstone of this concept. Quite often such a negative reputation of the theory of reflection
affects also the general negative relation to an attitude towards the aesthetics of Lifshits and
Lukács. However, actually this theory was uniquely interpreted by received from Lifshits and
Lukács very original interpretation. First, they always emphasized the fact that the theory of
reflection is not a Marxist invention, and thatbut is the it represents a result of a long development
of the classical tradition of philosophical and aesthetic thinking. Secondly, reflection
itself cannot be understood as a photographic copying of reality at all. Of great importance is
the Very important is the circumstance that the theory of aesthetic reflection is justification
of the objective nature of art, justification of realism as the highest artistic method of for the
knowledge of reality. At the same time, the theory of reflection acts as the methodological tool
of for criticism of modernism in art. Attentive Carefully studying of the theory of aesthetic
reflection by of Lifshits and Lukács allows makes it possible to reveal identify certain investigations
consequences, which owing for to various reasons remained only implied in their
texts. FSo, for example, the statement assertion that the realism is the highest method of art
istic cognitionknowledge, allows to us to understand the negative relation attitude of Lifshits
and Lukács to the art of socialist realism. The Historical and aesthetic reconstruction of the
qualification of such a phenomenon of art of the 20th century art as magical realism, and its
dispositions in the opposition of realism and modernism which is key essential for an the aesthetics
of Mikh Lifshits and G. Lukács, opposition of realism and modernism can appearmay
turn out to be very interesting.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research no. 18-
011-01042 “Conservative ideas in the Soviet philosophy and the literature (M. A. Lifshits’s circle)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: aesthetic reflection

value: realism

value: modernism

value: socialist realism

value: magic realism


dc.contributor.author

value: Koljević Griffith, Bogdana N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Koljević Griffith B. N. Rethinking democracy in twenty-first century Europe: The role of ancient democracy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 4, pp. 700–708.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, the author discusses how the crisis of the contemporary European Union appears
not merely as a crisis of the so-called “democratic deficit”, the way in which Habermas
has most notably articulated this argument, but rather as a structural and original crisis of
political subjectivity and democracy per se. In other words, the crisis of the EU is systemic and
refers to the concept of the political — especially in the context of twenty-first century Europe.
In this framework, the differentiation between the concepts of Europe and the EU particularly
discloses the neoliberal and postmodern character of the latter, i. e., at the same time
the struggle for self-governance and autonomy of the former. Moreover, it is argued how it is
precisely the return to ancient democracy that reveals the path for rethinking true democracy
of contemporary Europe. This is especially emphasized in reference to both practices and the
concept of the polis. In conclusion, it is claimed that new politics of emancipation, which first
and foremost go back to the meaning of isonomia and isegoria and as such presents the project
of autonomy, presents a reappearance of ancient democracy in contemporary times. Finally,
this project is articulated as one of politics of time and likewise politics of locality.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: European Union

value: Europe

value: 21st century

value: true democracy

value: political subjectivity

value: polis

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Popkova, Lyudmila I.

value: Kazakov, Stanislav G.

value: Stepanov, Maxim A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popkova, L. I., Kazakov, S. G., Stepanov, M. A. (2020). University centers of human geography research in Russia: Scientometric analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 624–639.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper analyzes the publication activity of the teaching staff of the geographical departments
of Russian universities which specialize in economic, social, political and recreational
geography over the past decade. The aim of this work was to find out the peculiarities of territorial
differentiation of publication activity of Russian universities’ staff. We analyzed more
than 25 000 scientific publications indexed by the scientometric databases RSCI and Scopus.
The authors of these publications were full-time employees of 46 Russian universities. It was
determined that significant differences between the publication activity of different universities
are connected with the presence of traditional scientific schools and are weakly dependent
on both the number of department employees and the status and material base of the university.
The hypothesis that the correlation between the “specialization” of scientists in physical
or human geography depends on the level of development and natural features of the region
was not confirmed. Of all the areas of human geography, the least developed and popular was
political geography. A fairly low publication activity of human geographers working at universities
was noted. On average, each staff member of the studied universities wrote only seven
articles on human geography from 2010 to 2019 (less than one paper per year).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: human geography

value: publication activity

value: teaching staff

value: Russian universities

value: departments of geography

value: scientometry


dc.contributor.author

value: Krylov, Alexey A.

value: Matthiessen, Jens

value: Nam, Seung-Il

value: Stein, Ruediger

value: Bazhenova, Evgenia A.

value: Mirolubova, Elena S.

value: Gusev, Evgeny A.

value: Malyshev, Sergey A.

value: Makarov, Alexander S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krylov, A. A., Matthiessen, J., Nam, S.-I., Stein, R., Bazhenova, E. A., Mirolubova, E. S., Gusev, E. A., Malyshev, S. A., Makarov, A. S. (2020). Origin of the coarse-grained (> 1 cm) clasts from the Mendeleev Ridge area (Central Arctic Ocean). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 795–809.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The morphometric and petrographic characteristics of coarse-grained clasts (> 1 cm) sampled
from sediments of the Amerasian Basin, Central Arctic Ocean, were studied. Most of the
clasts are represented by dolomites (46.4 %), sandstones (22.8 %) and limestones (19.8 %); the
amount of other rock fragments (chert, shale, igneous) is about 10 %. A variety of lithological
types were identified among the studied rock fragments. Limestones and dolomitic limestones
often contain fragments of fauna. The majority of clasts are poorly rounded and characterized
by a wide variety of shapes. More than 50 % of the studied clasts have a size of 1–2 cm, 25 %
are 2–3 cm, and larger clasts only occur in insignificant amounts. Geophysical surveys across
the sampling sites showed a lack of bedrock outcrops, so the studied coarse-grained clasts are
not of local origin. It is concluded that they were predominantly delivered from the Canadian
Arctic Archipelago (likely from the platform area, e. g., Victoria Island), mainly due to iceberg
rafting during deglaciation periods. The maximum possible contribution of clasts from Siberian
sources is less than 23 %. The distribution of coarse-grained clasts argues for the existence
of quite a stable ice drift path in the past, which is similar to the modern Beaufort Gyre.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Mendeleev Ridge

value: Arctic Ocean

value: dropstones

value: iceberg rafting


dc.contributor.author

value: La Roi, Ezra

dc.identifier.citation

value: La Roi E. The Development of εὑρίσκω ‘find’ as Evidence towards a Diachronic Solution of the Matching-Problem in Ancient Greek Complementation. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 191–207.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper traces the semantic and constructional development of the complement-taking
verb εὑρίσκω ‘find’ from Homeric Greek to Post-Classical Greek. First, the paper details
the semantic development of εὑρίσκω using characteristics such as predicate type, semantic
role of the subject and factivity. Subsequently, explanations are offered for the constructional
development of εὑρίσκω, using insights from grammaticalization research such as
reanalysis and analogy. In contrast to previous studies on Ancient Greek complementation
which support the idea of a systematic Classical Greek opposition of factive participial
versus non-factive infinitival complementation, this paper shows how bridging contexts of
mental judgment εὑρίσκω with a participial complement do not follow this opposition as
they are non-factive and changed their meaning (with reanalysis) before changing their
complementation structure (through analogy). Also, by extending our view to the individual
history of other cognitive predicates (ἐπίσταμαι, γιγνώσκω and οἶδα) the author shows
that other cognitive predicates undergo similar developments from factive+object to factive+
ACP to non-factive+ACI, although their individual histories are still in need of a systematic
diachronic account. Thus, complementation patterns per period could be analysed
in a more fine-grained way by analysing complementation patterns bottom-up from the
semantic and constructional evolutions of individual predicates. Also, the findings from this
paper provide evidence towards a diachronic solution of the so-called matching-problem:
diachronically related semantic and constructional stages strongly motivate the choice of
a specific complementation structure but absolute factivity oppositions in Classical Greek
complementation are rather strong tendencies.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: Ancient Greek complementation

value: matching-problem

value: factivity

value: reanalysis

value: analogy

value: εὑρίσκω

value: cognitive predicates

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zakharov, Ivan A.

value: Gorokhov, Stanislav A.

value: Dmitriev, Ruslan V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zakharov, I. A., Gorokhov, S. A., Dmitriev, R. V. (2020). The role of the religious factor in the formation of conflict zones in Africa. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 640–653.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article attempts to identify the impact of religious competition on the spatial development
of conflict zones in Africa. On the basis of ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event
Data) for 1997–2017, three conflict zoned were identified: the Sudan-Sahel Corridor, the periphery
of the Catholic “domain” in the central part of the continent and the countries of the
Lake Chad Basin. The results made it possible to clarify some findings and conclusions about
the conflict potential of the macroregion obtained in civilizational studies. It is confirmed
that most conflicts in Africa are located in the Sudan-Sahel Corridor (this territory roughly
corresponds to the border of Islamic and African civilizations), primarily in countries with
a fairly equal number of Christian and Muslim. Correlation analysis confirmed that such a
confessional structure of the population is conflict-prone; it contributes to increased ferocity
of conflicts. However, religion-based violence does not exclusively appear in the zones of competition
between Islam and Christianity; there are other conflict zones where the emergence
of conflicts is due to growing competition between branches of the same religion. On the
periphery of the Catholic “domain” conflicts are currently ethno-political in nature, but their
occurrence is ascribed largely to the competition between Catholic and Protestant missionary
societies. The countries of the Lake Chad Basin are characterized by competition between
Sunnism and Shiism. At the same time, this conflict zone is one of the largest “producers” of
radical Islamist groups; the organization level of the latter is often higher than that of opposing
state and international bodies. There is a close spatial connection between conflict zones.
In this regard, countries belonging to several conflict zones are at higher risk of emergence
of complex conflicts. The findings indicate a strong influence of the religious factor on the
conflict potential of the African continent. The analysis of historical materials showed that the
occurrence of conflicts in the identified conflict zones is determined primarily by the logic of
African countries’ confessional space development and can be explained from the standpoint
of the concept of competitive development of confessional geospace.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was compiled on the basis of research materials on the topics of State Assignment of the
Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 0148-2019-0008 and the African Institute
of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 0192-2019-0021. The research methodology was developed within
the framework of State Assignment topic No. 0192-2019-0021; the calculations were made within the
framework of State Assignment topic No. 0148-2019-0008.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Africa

value: confessional geospace

value: conflicts

value: conflict potential

value: religious competition


dc.contributor.author

value: Awianowicz, Bartosz

dc.identifier.citation

value: Awianowicz B. The Classical and Jesuit Erudition of Stefan Iavorskii in His Panegyrics to Varlaam Iasinskii. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 246–260.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article offers an overview of the Greco-Latin and early modern Jesuit sources of Stefan
Iavorskii’s (1658–1722) three bilingual panegyrics addressed to his patron Varlaam Iasinskii,
rector of the Kiev-Mohyla college (1669–1689), the Orthodox metropolitan of Kiev (1690–
1707), Hercules post Atlantem infracto virtutum robore honorarium pondus sustinens published
in Chernihiv in 1684, Arctos Caeli Rossiaci in Gentilitiis Syderibus and Pełnia nieubywaiącey
chwały w herbowym xiężycu (The Plenitude of Inexhaustible Glory in the heraldic moon), published
in Kiev in 1690 and 1691. Both these works are prosimetric bilinguals (some sections
are in Latin, others in Polish), testifying to a significant classical erudition of their author.
However, Hercules is one most traditionally “classical” in its dispositio and elocutio, while the
style of the other two, written after Iavorskii’s educational journey through Jesuit schools in
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, is much more innovative, highly metaphorical, allegorical,
relying on the argumentation of surprise (based on acumen- and argutia-theory
expounded in the rhetoric of Jan Kwiatkiwiecz) and emblems due to an extensive use of combinations
of multiple pictorial-verbal themes (especially in Pełnia).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Stefan Iavorskii

value: Varlaam Iasinskii

value: Neo-Latin Panegyrics

value: Ancient Roman Poetry

value: Progymnasmata

value: Early Modern Rhetoric

value: Jesuit Rhetoric

value: Emblematics


dc.contributor.author

value: Kharlamova, Sofya A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kharlamova S. A. Some Notes on the Translation of De liberis educandis Made by S. I. Pisarev. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 322–330.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article covers the translation of Plutarch’s treatise De liberis educandis made by S. Pisarev,
which was the first Russian translation of Plutarch’s works from ancient Greek (1771). In trying
to find out what editions were used by Pisarev for his oeuvre, the author focuses on some
particular features of his translations, such as the use of italics in marking the poetic quotations.
Though the marking is not uniform, its style, as compared to the editions and Latin
translations of the treatise in the 16th — early18th century, allows supposing that Pisarev used
a bilingual edition, either within a collection of Moralia or as a separate book. Theoretically,
seven such editions could have been employed. Further analysis of variae lectiones in these
editions as reflected in Pisarev’s translation leads to the conclusion that we have to choose between
two editions that is, by Rivandrus (1583) and an authoritative Frankfurt ed. of 1599 reproduced
twice in the 17th century (1620, and then 1624, in Paris). Since the only discernible
difference between them turns to be an inverted word order in a poetic quotation, the author
analyses the word order in Pisarev’s text to finally decide in favour of the Frankfurt edition.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: early editions of Plutarch

value: De liberis educandis

value: Stepan Pisarev

value: reception of Plutarch in Russia

value: sources of Pisarev’s translation

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, Alexandr V.

value: Letnikova, Elena F.

value: Schkolnik, Svetlana I.

value: Prochenkin, Artem I.

value: Brodnikova, Elizaveta A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov, A. V., Letnikova, E. F., Schkolnik, S. I., Prochenkin, A. I. , Brodnikova, E. A. (2020). Age of rocks of the Shurmak Formation according to U-Pb dating of zircon by LA-ICP-MS method (south-eastern Tuva). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 702–716.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In southeastern Tuva, early Proterozoic volcanogenic-sedimentary deposits were studied, including
conglomerates from the Shurmak Formation. As a result of U-Pb zircon dating from
tuff with andesitic composition, conglomerate matrix and volcanicomictic sandstones from this
formation, it was established that it was accumulated at around 500 Ma. The dating results for
zircons from tuff are a geochronological date indicating the time of manifestation of andesitic
volcanism synchronous with accumulation of Shurmak Formation deposits. Given the close age
of zircons of the main populations in both tuff and clastic rocks, one can assume that the formation
of the latter is related directly to the manifestations of volcanism on this territory at the time.
Zircons with Neoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic ages are present in matrix of conglomerates
and volcanicomictic sandstones of Shurmak Formation in the form of rock fragments and in
tuffas in the form of xenogenic minerals. This, together with a result from Sm-Nd isotopic dating
indicated that these vocanic and sedimentary processes in the early Cambrian time took place
within the range of the Precembrian block of earfth’s crust. The main supplier of clastic material
during the formation of the Early Cambrian Shurmak Formation were volcanic events synchronous
with sedimentation. Other sources of clastic material entering the sedimentation basin
were Neoproterozoic granitoids and, less commonly, Paleoproterozoic and Neoarchean rocks.
Combination with the underlying rocks of the Mugur Formation of the Erza metamorphic complex
occurred as a result of tectonic processes in the post-Cambrian time, since the sedimentation
of the Shurmak Formation deposits and the processes of granulite metamorphism in the
rocks of the metamorphic complex occurred almost simultaneously.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 18-05-00604,
18-35-20025, 20-05-00560, expeditionary work, study and dating of sedimentary rocks) and the Russian
Science Foundation (19-17-00099, expeditionary work, study and dating volcanics and tuffs of the Shurmak
Formation).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: sedimentary-volcanogenic deposits

value: conglomerates

value: age

value: zircons

value: U-Pb dating

value: Cambrian


dc.contributor.author

value: Gerasimov, Igor V.

value: Bogdanov, Daniil Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gerasimov I. V., Bogdanov D. Yu. Tourism Industry of Sudan: History and Peculiarities of its Development in the 20th and 21st Centuries. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 579–587.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the history of the tourism industry of one of the oldest states in the
world — Sudan. The first attempts to organize sightseeing trips for Europeans to the Nile
Valley were recorded after Napoleon’s expedition to Egypt in the early 19th century, but at
that time Sudan was a little-known region. The military campaign of 1821 undertaken by the
troops of Muhammad Ali resulted in the submission of Sudan and the establishment of the
Egyptian-Turkish administration there. Since that time, the level of European intrusion into
the country began to increase. The activities of travel companies only became notable in Sudan
after the beginning of the colonial rule by England and Egypt in 1899. In the first decades
of the twentieth century the first hotels were created, roads, including the railroad, were built,
and cities were expanded as well as modernized. The hotel owners were predominantly foreigners.
Tourism developed further after the country achieved independence in 1956. Since
that time, national travel companies appeared, and travelers from Western countries and the
Arab began to visit the country. Tourism has become an attractive sector for investment and
capital raising, both local and international. At the same time, the economic and political
problems observed in the period of 1980–2000 did not allow tourism to become a source of
significant income for the state and prevented the sector from expanding. Currently, both
high-level hotels and modest guesthouses, that mainly provide services for the domestic consumer,
are built and operate in the capital of the country and in some cities of regional significance.
The activity of travel companies remains at a low level and the number of foreign
travelers is small. Local companies have attempted to cooperate with their Russian counterparts,
but there are not enough prerequisites for initiating collaboration in this area. Sudanese
researchers, economists, sociologists, historians, and marketing experts analyze the tourism
sector and try to make recommendations for improving work in this area. This is reflected in a
number of works in scientific journals that have been published in recent years.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

value: history

value: tourism

value: Sudan

value: Middle East

value: Khartoum

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mikhailenko, Aleksandra A.

value: Konosavsky, Pavel K.

value: Titov, Konstantin V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mikhailenko, A. A., Konosavsky, P. K., Titov, K. V. (2020). Self-potential signals produced by puming test of heterogeneous aquifer. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 782–794.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, we present results of interpretation of self-potential (SP) signals produced by a
pumping test experiment of a heterogeneous aquifer. Heterogeneity is represented by a zone
with low and high hydraulic conductivity in two types of configuration: planned boundary
and strip-layer. We studied five models for each type of heterogeneity with two variants of
hydraulic conductivity. We carried out three-dimensional modelling with the use of Modflow
(for hydraulic heads and electrical potentials) and ElSources (for current source term). The
SP distributions obtained from the pumping test indicate heterogeneity. We calculated the
values of the anomalous field for a detailed study of the heterogeneities. We found a correlation
between SP and drawdown for the case of heterogeneity with low hydraulic conductivity.
We defined both boundaries of the strip clearly for the zone with low hydraulic conductivity.
The outer boundary of the strip-layer was not fixed due to the high hydraulic conductivity of
the heterogeneity and low hydraulic gradient at the boundary. We estimated dependence of
horizontal thickness of heterogeneity on SP distribution. The results can serve as a base for
defining the heterogeneities in the aquifer.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 17-17-01160 “Physicochemical
models of evoked and spontaneous polarization as applied to the experimental filtration sampling
of aquifers”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: self-potential

value: pumping test

value: heterogeneity

value: numerical modelling

value: hydraulic conductivity


dc.contributor.author

value: Hana, Yafia Yousif Jamil

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hana Yafia Yousif Jamil. The Cries of Street Vendors as a Folklore Genre and Example of Oral Advertising in Iraq. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 573–578.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the review of the cries of street vendors as a kind of folk genre used
in Iraq. The tradition of shouting short texts, praising goods to customers, has a long history.
Skillful mastery of the word, the ability to poetically improvise has always been very appreciated
in the Middle East. It is no wonder that poetry tournaments emerged and gained wide
popularity in the region. The functions of cries are similar to the functions of advertising:
to attract the attention of the customer and to convince him or her to purchase the street
vendor’s goods. Street vendors in Iraq use dialectal Arabic words and expressions including
Turkish and Persian words. As a rule, their language is rich in various metaphors, epithets or
lines from famous folk songs. Often, a seller’s cry that was successfully invented was then borrowed
by other merchants of related goods. A similar thing also happened when a merchant’s
son, adopting his father’s profession, inherited a saying with which he continued to appeal to
potential buyers. Currently, this phenomenon is becoming increasingly rare, but, nevertheless,
continues to exist, which can be observed during religious and public holidays. Some
examples of verbal advertising have become catchy slogans on product labels.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: the Arabic language

value: Baghdad dialect

value: folklore

value: Iraq

value: cries


dc.contributor.author

value: Korolev, Alexander V.

value: Pozdnev, Michael M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korolev A. V., Pozdnev M. M. Reliefs of the Summer Palace: An Early Onset of Russian Antiquity. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 292–321.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Summer Palace, a ship-like realisation of Peter the Great’s high aspirations in fields both
mundane and aesthetic, wears an admirably preserved and well-maintained girdle of twentyeight
bas-reliefs and one haute-relief crowning the entrance. Themed mostly around Ovid’s
Metamorphoses, they are both propagandistic allegories and reflections on the private life of
the incumbent. The accumulation of traditional motives is handled with a freedom betraying a lack of thoroughness in representation as well as a desire for all things classical. The reliefs
thus appear to be neither an unfinished piece by the great Andreas Schlüter nor an accurate
reproduction of well-known artefacts crafted by his continuers (Braunstein, Mattarnowi, or
even Le Blond, et al.) and marred beyond recognition by clumsy handiwork on the home turf,
but an early attempt of domestic art to think Classics while going under its own steam in their
execution. The living force behind these pieces was, evidently, Peter the Great himself: the inventiveness
of composition uninhibited by poor execution, the introduction of recurrent seafaring
(sea is an omnipresent background in reliefs even when the plot borrowed from Ovid
is definitely terrestrial) and amatory motifs along with a close unity of literary and allegoric,
intimately personal and statesmanlike, point in his direction. The engravings by Giovanni
Andrea Maglioli on which (as Renate Kroll has shown) five relieves are modelled also correlate
with Ovid representing the amorous Neptune transformed in various sea beasts. However,
the majority of plots and artistic decisions prove to be sourced in a set of 226 engravings by
Charles Le Brun originally accompanying a free verse translation of the Metamorphoses by
Isaac de Berserade. The later copy of this work spotted by Peter either in Holland during the
Great Embassy (1697–1698) or among the books of his European friends at home and finally
reproduced in Petersburg in 1722 delivered the first and, admirably, never quite so full plastic
representation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Russia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-012-42005.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Sommer Palace

value: Peter the Great

value: Ovid’s Metamorphoses

value: reception of antiquity in Russia

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ermolaeva, Elena L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ermolaeva E. L. St. Petersburg Mythology in an Ancient Greek Poem by F. B. Graefe on the 100-year Jubilee of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1826). Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 371– 393.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with a poem by academician F. B. Graefe (1780–1851) written in ancient
Greek elegiacs (424 lines) with authorized German poetic translation en regard (1826). The
poem was dedicated to the 100-year jubilee of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and printed
in a small number of exemplars (für Wenige). The poem has never been republished until
now. The article provides the Introduction (54 lines), the Epilogue, and selected passages in
Greek and German, with Russian translation and commentaries. The Introduction describes
the foundation of St. Petersburg and the Academy by Peter the First. Graefe’s stock images
(the marshes on which St. Petersburg appeared; a poor Finnish fisherman with his old net;
a tsar demiurge on the bank of the river; etc.), motifs (nature and civilization) and formulas
(before — now; one hundred years later; etc.) reflect the official, cosmological St. Petersburg
mythology. Three other selected passages of the poem describe the paleontological and Egyptian
collections of the Academy museums. The author discusses Graefe’s possible sources, the
historical context of his poem, and responces to it in Germany. Graefe’s poem in ancient Greek
is a testimony of the Neuhumanismus in Russia.

dc.subject

value: F. B. Graefe

value: Humanist Greek poetry in Russia

value: Imperial Academy of Sciences

value: Peter I.

value: St. Petersburg


dc.contributor.author

value: Przhiyalgovskii, Eugeny S.

value: Morozov, Yuriy A.

value: Leonov, Mikhail G.

value: Rybin, Anatoliy K.

value: Lavrushina, Ekaterina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Przhiyalgovskii, E. S., Morozov, Yu. A., Leonov, M. G., Rybin, A. K., Lavrushina, E. V. (2020). Tectonic structure and development of the “depression/ uplift” transition zones, Northern Tien Shan. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 760–781.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article presents data on the structure of transition zones from areas of relative downwarping
(intramountain depressions) to anticlinal uplifts dividing them. The geological and geophysical
data obtained by the authors in recent years in different areas of Northern Tien Shan are considered
and discussed in order to compare the structure and tectonic evolution of key objects.
A comparative analysis of the depression/uplift tectonic zones in different regions indicates a
fundamental similarity in their structure. These areas of gradient vertical movements are zones
of concentrated deformation. We describe ensembles of structures formed at the same time in
sedimentary cover and in basement rocks. Similar structural features are due to the common
tectonic evolution of basins and ridges as parts of a unified activation structure of the Paleozoic
folded belt. Over a long period of time, from the Oligocene to the Pliocene inclusive, the depressions
of Northern Tien Shan developed under conditions of sedimentary subsidence, probably
by the type of pull-apart structures in a latitudinally oriented region of plastic shear deformation.
The relatively quiet tectonic setting of this stage is reflected in the lithological features of
the sedimentary complexes. The next stage, which began about 3 Ma, was marked not only by
the emergence of a high-altitude relief and the accumulation of molasse, but also by a change of
tectonic regime to transpression. The generally flexible bending of the foundation surface in the
steep sides of the depressions, to some extent complicated by uplifts, was accompanied by the
formation of extensive detachments and thrust-folded structural ensembles in the sedimentary
cover of the depressions. At the same time, contrary to traditional ideas, the volumes of disintegrated
basement rocks demonstrate significant plasticity, while the lateral pressure of the side
ledges was transmitted for many kilometers into the depressions inside the sedimentary cover.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was carried out with the financial support of the Project of the Russian Science
Foundation No. 16-17-10059 at the Scientific Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Bishkek.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 4

value: “depression/uplift” transition zones

value: intramountain depressions

value: pull-apart structures

value: transpression

value: plastic deformations of basement

value: North Tien Shan


dc.contributor.author

value: Simonova, Yulia V.

value: Rusakov, Alexey V.

value: Korkina, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Simonova, Yu. V., Rusakov, A. V., Korkina, E. A. (2020). Soil salinization processes in the impact zone of mineralized water discharge by the case study in the Yaroslavl Volga region, Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 662–680.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Humid conditions do not encourage the formation of salt-affected soils due to leaching salts
out of soil profiles. Nevertheless, the occurrence of salt-affected soils in a humid climate is evident
as a result of other factors excluding the climate. Soil salinity in these landscapes is caused
by anthropogenic salinization. The objective of this study was to identify types of chemical
composition and salinity level of soils forming within the impact zone of artesian water discharge.
We also determined the degree of contrast to adjacent non-saline soils and salt contamination
boundaries. Soil and water samples were collected from three sites located in the
Yaroslavl’ region, the Upper Volga. Sampling was done in June 2017. In the Upper Volga region
high-mineralized water rises from saline aquifers via abandoned exploration wells drilled
in the 1960s. These soils are found under an average annual rainfall of about 500–700 mm in
the taiga zone. This type of climate and vegetation cover normally should lead to the formation
of Albic Retisols. Saline waters affecting soils are dominantly Na-Cl or Ca-Na-Cl-SO4 brines.
Total dissolved solids in the saline waters range from 10000 to 259500 mg·L–1. Salt-affected
soils have from low to high salinity (0.1–0.8 %) but salt content does not exceed 1 %. In the
study areas, maximum salinity in the investigated soils was fixed near the water table or was associated with lithic discontinuity or abrupt textural change. Salt leaching from the upper horizons
prevails in the course of the annual cycle and that is what differs these soils from hydromorphic
saline soils formed in arid climates. Field electrical surveys of salinity indicated the
local zones of salinization. The salinization phenomenon in humid climates is not part of the
main pedogenic processes, but an additional process. The upper horizons of salt-affected soils
tend to have similar morphological features to zonal and intrazonal soils. The salt-affected
soils studied were classified according to WRB as Orthofluvic Fluvisol (Humic, Loamic, Endosalic,
Technic), Orthofluvic Gleyic Fluvisol (Humic, Siltic, Endosalic, Raptic), Amphistagnic
Albic Retisol (Siltic, Anoaric, Cutanic, Endosalic) and Albic Retisol (Siltic, Anoaric, Cutanic,
Endosalic, Raptic).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was partially performed at the Research Park of the St. Petersburg State University
Center for Chemical Analysis and Materials Research, project 108-8100.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: artesian wells

value: Upper Volga

value: electrical resistivity

value: technogenic halogenesis

dc.type

value: Article


title: An Interpolation Family in the Poetics

dc.contributor.author

value: Pozdnev, Michael M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pozdnev M. M. An Interpolation Family in the Poetics. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 173–190.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The ms. tradition of the Poetics is a mine, quite unexpectedly, when it comes to composition
on literary matters: four independent witnesses — Parisinus 1741 (A), Riccardianus 46 (B),
and mediaeval translations into Latin by William of Moerbecke and Arabic by Abū-Bishr Mattā
made with the help of a Syriac interlinear (not to mention the recentiores which still could
prove of some stemmatic value, as for instance Par. gr. 2038, Vat. gr. 1400, Berol. Philipp. and
Mon. 493) — allow in most cases for a safe reconstruction of an archetype. Common errors
suggest that this text differed from the autograph in some twenty passages, largely interpolations,
ranging from a couple of words to a number of phrases. Several intrusions prove to be
typologically close. All of them correct what was deemed to be inaccurate or loose argumentation
by inserting syntactic complements or references adding cohesion. As a result, both
the style and context go largely neglected. The first paragraphs of ch. 6, central to the Poetics,
suffered most. This text also came down to us in a Syriac translation having a heavily glossed
uncial ms. as its source. Insertions in ch. 6 cause ‘harmonising’ additions to the following
text of the treatise. The ‘family of interpolations’ under discussion is tentatively attributed
to a professor of Aristotelianism of late antiquity (the most suitable candidate seems to be
Themistius): a school-room copy diffused by his pupils became the common ancestor of both
the extant Greek mss. of the Poetics and the reconstructed Greek sources of the mediaeval
translations. A fresh collation of the Syriac text together with the evidence of variae lectiones
in the oldest independent Greek mss. offer a glimpse into the workings of his mind.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work summarized in this paper is part of the project “Thesaurus criticus to Aristotle’s
Poetics” supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project Nr. 18-18-0060).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Aristotle’s Poetics

value: manuscript evidence

value: mediaeval translations

value: textual criticism

dc.title

value: An Interpolation Family in the Poetics


dc.contributor.author

value: Frolova, Natalya S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Frolova N. S. Swahili Terminology in the Context of the Development of the Versification Theory and “Dispute about Poetry”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 505–520.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the problem of the development of a scientific approach and Swahili
terminology by national Swahili literary science in the context of the emergence of new Swahili
poetry in the 1970s against the background of prevailing traditional genres, as well as
the comprehension, interpretation and application of this terminology by scientists. Born at
the end of the 19th century among European missionaries and scholars, the theory of Swahili
versification continued to develop in European-language works until the 1950s when the first
critical essay on Swahili versification by the traditional poet Amri Abedi appeared. The emergence
of new Swahili poetry in the mid-1970s against the background of traditional genres not
only produced the well-known mgogoro wa ushairi (dispute about poetry), but also required
the comprehension of poetry itself and Swahili literature as a whole. An important role in this
process was the priority of developing a unified scientific approach, as well as Swahili terminology.
The emergence of a new Swahili-language poetry embodied in the works of Kezilahabi,
Mulokozi, Kahigi and others, from the very beginning posed the task of naming this kind
of poetry. The article focuses on the unsettled nature of certain Swahili poetry terms denoting
new, modernist, Swahili poetry, a reflection of which is shown by the evident heterogeneity of
their use in the studies of literary Swahili scholars of the 2000–2010s.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: prosody

value: Swahili

value: modern poetry

value: terminology


dc.contributor.author

value: Gavrilov, Alexander

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gavrilov A. ἧπαρ τῶν αἰγῶν in Septuaginta (1 Regn. 19, 11–17) and Josephus (AJ 6, 11, 3–4). Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 416–423.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A comparison of the episode with the trick of Michal in the Hebrew text as it stands in 1 Sam.
19. 11–17 with the story in the First Book of the Kingdoms in the LXX shows one striking
discrepancy: instead of a goatskin ) כּבְִיר הֳעִזִים ) in the Masoretic text the translation of the Alexandrians
spoke of ἧπαρ τῶν αἰγῶν (“goat’s liver”) lying on the bed along with teraphim under
the same covering installed by the daughter of Saul to feign her quasi-ill bedridden husband
David and so to outwit the king. As it seems, a certain oddity of the Greek variant could
be (and sometimes was) explained through the ductus of Hebrew letters daleth and resh ( ד and
ר) that might easily be taken for one another, so that כבר could falsely be read as כבד and understood
as כבֵָד , i. e. ‘liver’, which was a Hebrew word in common use in opposition to כּבְִיר
(presumably ‘a rug‘) that occurs only twice and only in this episode of the Bible. This change
from goatskin to the goat-liver came most probably at the time of translation from Hebrew to
Greek, if it had not appeared earlier and was not discussed already in Jewish milieu. Nevertheless,
the authority of the LXX as well as Bildungsprestige of Hellenism was such that deviant
readings as ἧπαρ τῶν αἰγῶν gained authority from such persons as Philon, St. Paul or Josephus
Flavius, who not only follows (Ant. Jud. VI 11. 3–4) the Septuagint version of the story, but
tries to support the would-be realistic trustworthiness of the narrative in the Septuagint
through the idea of a natural ability of liver to vacillate (its πήδημα) when touched, which
could give an impression of a living person keeping to his bed due to illness (ἀσθμαίνειν). In
this situation Vulgata reasonably preferred the veritas Hebraica, so that even such versions of
the Bible which generally adhere to the LXX often prefer to follow the Hebrew original on this
point.

dc.language.iso

value: de

value: Hebrew Bible

value: Septuaginta

value: daleth and resh

value: כבד instead of כבר

value: interpretation of Josephus Flavius

value: Hexapla of Origen

value: veritas Hebraica

value: Hieronymus

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lesik, Ksenia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lesik K. A. The Motif of Journey in Kunwar Narain’s Poetry. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 521–533.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is focused on the motif of a journey in the works of a modern Indian poet, Kunwar
Narain, a representative of New Hindi poetry. This motif of a journey is extremely important
in Indology studies. Starting with the Indian epic poems “Mahabharata” and “Ramayana”, the
motif of pilgrimage has been one of the significant plot lines. During the Medieval period, the
motif of a journey became an allegory of individuality cognition. In modern Hindi literature
writers introduce innovation in the image of travel, remaining within the established Indian
tradition. The research in this article is based on the bilingual collection of poems by Kunwar
Narain “No other world”. The article argues that a journey becomes the leitmotif in the poet’s
lyrics. As a result, the Indian poet writes a kind of a travel literature, which is based on the
image of the way with two semantic motives: a journey as a hero’s movement in space and a
hero’s search for his essence, including a peculiar path as an allegory of his spiritual formation. The article focuses on the compositional distribution of poems in the “Journey” section
of the book. This distribution expresses the movement of the author’s thoughts. The analysis
of the literary techniques, symbolic images and allusions was conducted in the frames of not
only Indian literature, but also American poet Walt Whitman’s creations, which had a great
influence on Kunwar Narain’s lyrics. Literary influences are identified that contributed to the
formation of the Indian poet’s worldview.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Kunwar Narain

value: New Hindi poetry

value: the motif of journey


dc.contributor.author

value: Kazansky, Nikolai N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kazansky N. N. Two Latin Epigrams by Daniel Gotlieb Messerschmidt Dedicated to Iohannes Philipp Breyn (1680–1764). Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 230–245.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents a publication of two epigrams written by D. G. Messeschmidt and dedicated
to I. Ph. Breyn; both are preserved in the latter’s archive. The first epigram is an inscription
in verse to Breyn’s portrait and was probably sent to him from Saint Petersburg following
Messerschmidt’s return from Siberia, i.e. between 1727 and 1735 (and not 1701–1800 as
indicated on the site of Dresden Fotothek). It is very likely that the inscription was meant
to accompany the engraving a copy of which is preserved at Staatliche Kunstsammlungen
Dresden (SKD, Kupferstich-Kabinett, Signatur/Inventar-Nr.: Anon 1, Singer 3769/9920) and
may be seen on the website of Deutsche Fotothek Dresden (Archiv-Nr 169051). I. Ph. Breyn
might have sent two portraits to Saint Petersburg, one of himself and one of his father, and
Messerschmidt would have composed an inscription in verse for each. In 1739 an elegiac
distich by Messerschmidt was published that was also incorporated in the frame of the portrait of Jakob Breyn, painted by the famous engraver P. G. Busch. S. S. Orekhov has suggested
that P. G. Busch’s engraving might render the portrait drawn by the same unknown master
(Deutsche Fotothek Dresden, Archiv-Nr 169050). Iohannes Philipp Breyn’s own portrait remained
unpublished. The second poem is a dedication in an album that is preserved in I. Ph.
Breyn’s museum in Gdansk (Forschungsbibliothek Gotha Chart. B 1002) and is dated November
1716. The poem is untitled (the fact that is also emphasized in the text), but introduced by
an epigraph in Old Hebrew that has been extensively commented upon by Cyrill von Buettner
(Bitner). The Latin poem that abounds in assonances and complex word play leaves the feeling
of a certain emotional strain. Both poems, however, reflect Messerschmidt’s general erudition
and character, as well as his enthusiastic admiration for I. Ph. Breyn as a senior colleague in
scientific and medical studies.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Neolatin Poetry of the XVIII century

value: Daniel Gotlieb Messerschmidt

value: Iohannes Philipp Breyn

value: Georg Paul Busch


dc.contributor.author

value: Budaragina, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Budaragina O. V. Latin Satire vs. Georgij Dashkow by Theophanes Prokopovich (Publication of the Text and Commentary). Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 261–276.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper submits the first publication of the hexametrical Latin satire of Theophanes Prokopovich
(1681–1736), which consists of 172 verses and is his longest poetic work written in
Latin during his St. Petersburg period. The manuscript is part of Prokopovich’s collection of
works, which is kept in the Manuscripts Department of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences (Tec. Post. 142, f. 245–247 v.), and, as far as we know, it is the only
surviving copy of the work. Although satire is untitled, it is very likely that the addressee of
the attacks was Archbishop Georgyi (Dashkov) (d. 1739). In the satire, Dashkov is derived in
an allegorical manner under the name of Grunnius and is depicted as a man who is viciously
jealous of others and is unable to bear even the modest success of his fellow human beings. The
article also touches upon two and a half lines from this satire that have been published to date,
thanks to their quotation by Antioch Cantemir in the commentary on v. 41 of his third satire
“On the Distinction of Human Passions. To the Archbishop of Novgorod”. In all Cantemir editions,
the Latin text, and therefore the Russian translation of this couplet contain errors that
have been corrected, and it is suggested that the new variant of the text and translation is to be
taken into account in the preparation of future editions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-012-42005.

dc.subject

value: Theophanes Prokopovich

value: Georgij Dashkov

value: Antioch Cantemir

value: Neo-Latin poetry

value: satire

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zheltova, Elena V.

value: Zheltov, Alexander Ju.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zheltova E. V., Zheltov A. Ju. Latin Сase System: Towards a Motivated Paradigmatic Structure. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 208–229.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article attempts, firstly, to critically analyze the traditional order of cases in Latin, secondly,
to discover an internal mechanism that brings the elements of a paradigm together,
and thirdly, to present a new model of the nominal and pronominal case paradigms in Latin.
The authors develop the idea that the crucial role in structuring a case paradigm belongs to
morphemic syncretism. The syncretism is treated as a systemic phenomenon of morpheme
neutralization rather than a result of phonetic reduction. In the paradigm built on this principle,
the cases marked with the same endings necessarily take adjacent positions. There is a
certain correlation between the morphemic syncretism and the semantics of cases extensively
exemplified in the Latin literature. Taking this as reference point, the authors establish a formally
motivated paradigmatic order of cases and single out a set of semantic features that
shape the case paradigm. This method enables authors to find the non-contradictory paradigmatic
positions for both the core and the “marginal” cases (vocative and locative). Applied
to the pronominal cases, however, it reveals the significant discrepancy between the nominal
and pronominal paradigms concerning two cases — nominative and genitive. The pronominal
nominative’s special status is determined by its pragmatic rather than syntactic functions,
which is typical for pro-drop languages. The genitive case appears in three different forms that
originate from the possessive pronouns and correspond to the three basic functions of the
genitive — possessive, objective, and partitive ones. Such transparadigmatic syncretism brings
together the paradigms of personal and possessive pronouns, which are related by nature. The approach suggested in this study makes it possible to present in a new way the nominal and
pronominal case paradigms, to demonstrate in what points they differ from each other, and to
highlight some functional and semantic features of the particular cases.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Latin

value: case paradigm

value: nominal and pronominal cases

value: syncretism

value: morphemic neutralizations

value: paradigmatic oppositions


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsvetkov, Dmitrii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsvetkov D. V. Hand-written Russian-Chinese Dictionary from Collection of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 480–489.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is dedicated to the analysis of a hand-written Russian-Chinese dictionary kept in
the Manuscript Research Department of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The
author identifies the principles of compilation that were used in the dictionary, and discovers
the purpose of its compilation. The manuscript was gathered by Illarion K. Rossokhin, one of
the first Russian teachers and translators of Chinese and Manchu. While in China, Rossokhin
not only studied Chinese and Manchu languages, but also taught Russian language at a special
school for Chinese officials. In this article, the author attempts to establish when the dictionary
was written. As a result of the study, it was suggested that the compilation of the dictionary
could have been started in China and finished in Russia. It was found that the manuscript does
not have a unified structure. There are many repetitions and it is possible to note a tendency
to group words according to thematic characteristics. The manuscript can be separated into
three parts: the first part where there is some effort to group words in an unified structure; in
the second part we can see a normal grouping in a unified order without titles; in the third part
thematic paragraphs have titles. Creating a dictionary that was convenient for use by people
who studied the Chinese language is one the possible reasons for utilizing a thematic structure.
It is clear that dictionary was influenced by Chinese “category dictionaries” (leishu). The
author’s analysis of the dictionary shows that it was used to teach conversational Chinese and
it could also have been a source of information on the basics of Chinese grammar.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

value: lexicography

value: Chinese language

value: history of Russian sinology

value: archival materials

value: dictionaries