dc.contributor.author

value: Zolin, Igor Е.

value: Iudin, Alexander A.

value: Iudin, Dmitriy I.

value: Iudin, Alexander I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zolin I. E., Iudin A. A., Iudin D. I., Iudin A. I. Attitude of medical students to the study of physical and mathematical disciplines. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 172–193.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using materials from a sociological study, this article explores features of the training of medical
students in physical and mathematical disciplines. The issues are considered in the space
of the intersection of several areas of sociological knowledge (problems of digital society and
digital economy, professional education, sociology of healthcare). In the course of the study,
assumptions were made that the nature and activity of cognitive activity of medical students
in the study of physical and mathematical disciplines are mainly due to three factors: first, the
level of general education received, which affects a person’s ability to analyze and generalize;
second, interests in physics and mathematics, based on the idea of the necessity of elements of
physical and mathematical knowledge for a modern doctor; third, individual educational trajectories.
As a result of this research, a typology of medical students’ orientations to the subject
space of the physical and mathematical profile (physiology; diagnostics and physiotherapy;
bioinformatics; photobiology and medical biophysics) is proposed, which is associated with
the totality of those special courses that most interested them. Various orientations in the
physical and mathematical field of students of different faculties (medical, pediatric, dental,
pharmaceutical, preventive medicine) have been identified. It is shown that the interest of
students of different faculties in special courses of the physics and mathematics cycle generally
coincides with their professional interests. The most popular disciplines are the physical foundations
of MRI and CT; laser radiation in medicine; the physical foundations of ultrasound
methods; biophysics of pathological conditions; biophysics of organs and complex systems.
Their choice is connected both with interest in new trends in medical science and with opportunistic
considerations. The directions of increasing the interest of medical students in
physical and mathematical knowledge are substantiated, which are directly dependent on
their needs, motives, abilities, views and attitudes on the process of obtaining the profession
of a doctor, as well as the faculty and the age of students.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: medical students

value: physical and mathematical disciplines

value: training

value: digitalization

value: doctor

value: education

value: professional culture


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Maria A.

value: Petrov, Aleksandr A.

value: Kozhevina, Ol’ga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova, Maria A., Aleksandr A. Petrov, Ol’ga V. Kozhevina. 2022. “Impact of digitalization on antitrust regulation and control over economic concentration in the high-tech sector”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 327–343.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses topical issues of protection and regulation of competition in the markets
in the digital business environment. The authors noted that the systems of regulation and law
enforcement should be flexibly combined, harmonized in order to develop adequate measures
to stimulate fair competition. From the standpoint of adaptation to Russian practice, the foreign
experience of the antimonopoly authorities in terms of regulating online markets, price
algorithms, and mergers and acquisitions has been studied. The high-tech sector is particularly
dynamic. In this regard, the authors draw attention to the fact that in the digital economy
of demand, the processes of monopolization, competition persist, but their content is
transformed, which complicates the analysis and assessment of monopolization, dominance,
competition. Anticompetitive practices can lead to the dominance of a single platform. The signs of the dominant position of digital platforms are revealed. Based on the regulatory and
legal approach, the article summarizes the Russian and foreign experience of qualifying economic
concentration and dominant position, identifies negative factors that cause the expansion
of regulatory control of antimonopoly authorities over digital platforms. The legal nature
of digital platforms, direct and indirect network effects have been studied in detail. It has
been proven that algorithms can serve as collusion tools in both horizontal and vertical agreements.
From the standpoint of economic research methods, an overview of the assessment of
the dominant position of antimonopoly authorities in the digital economy is carried out, it is
noted that the preconditions have been created for the formation of a platform economy. The
features of the antitrust policy in relation to digital platforms in Russia, the European Union
and the United States are considered. It is concluded that antitrust legislation in recent years
has become a powerful regulatory tool at the level of different jurisdictions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was carried out as part of the strategic leadership program “Priority 2030”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: economic concentration

value: competition

value: antitrust regulation

value: hightech sector

value: digital platforms

value: price algorithms

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Nasonkin, Vladimir V.

value: Putilo, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nasonkin, Vladimir V., Natalia V. Putilo. 2022. “‘Regulatory guillotine’ in education: Issues of legal regulation and implementation practice”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 309–326.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the Russian Federation, as in all developed countries, reforming the activities of the political
machine is a permanent process, where every phase has the emphasis on the most topical
issues. If the administrative reform of 2004 solved the problem of structuring the system of
executive authorities, then the reform of control supervision activity, which is currently ongoing, aims to revise the system of requirements for the main types of economic activity, reduce
administrative barriers and other obstacles faced by individuals, who carried out such activity.
Educational activity, as a single process of training and education, is one of the most important
types of economic activity, and cannot keep out of the designated reforms. This article analyzes
the practice of implementing reforms of control supervision activity, the provisions of
the “regulatory guillotine” related to the education system. Attention is focused on such issues
as mandatory requirements and mandatory requirements in education, systematization of
legislation and the abolition of acts containing outdated norms and excess requirements. The
concept of a system of mandatory requirements in educational activities is proposed, based
on the basic principles of the reform of control supervision activity and the model of risks
inherent in the education system. The conclusions mentioned in the article were prepared on
the basis of changes in the legal regulation in the field of education over a period of two years
(from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2022).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: regulatory guillotine

value: control and supervision activities

value: mandatory requirements

value: educational activities

value: licensing

value: accreditation

value: permitting activities

value: federal state requirements

value: educational program


dc.contributor.author

value: Truntsevskiy, Yuri V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Truntsevskiy, Yuri V. 2022. “Improving the institution of declaring information about income, expenditure, property and property obligations in the context of digitalization”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 344–359.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The relevance of scientific research is the widespread use of systems for declaring information
about state and other public persons, about their income, expenses, property and property
obligations in those countries that carry out anti-corruption activities. The purpose of the
article is to substantiate the expediency of improving the organization of control over the
income of state and other public persons. An algorithm of actions performed using digital
technologies is proposed. The program independently receives all the necessary information
about a person’s property status from various official registers, and the program evaluates this
information and makes one of two decisions: to stop monitoring, or to transfer the relevant information
to a controlling institution, for example, to the prosecutor’s office. The main results
of the study. The main problem, according to the author of the article, is that reporting on their
property status is the responsibility of the declarant himself. In order to prepare such a report,
a civil servant must perform many formalities (meet the deadline for submitting the declaration;
fill out the document correctly; receive information from state registers, banks and
other organizations in a timely manner; receive information from your husband/wife, minor
children and others). For non-compliance with these requirements, the legislation provides
for the legal responsibility of the declarant. The author proposed his own algorithm of control, which should be carried out for the property status of officials. The author reveals the scope of
the digital program for monitoring the property status of officials. Such a program will allow
not only to compare the income and expenses of officials, but also to identify violations of tax
legislation, as well as legislation in the field of AML/CFT (Anti-Money Laundering/Combating
the Financing of Terrorism).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: corruption

value: control

value: declaration

value: property

value: legislation

value: programming


dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belov, Sergei A. 2022. “The role of language in providing intelligibility and certainty of normative legal acts”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 293–308.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Clearness (intelligibility) and certainty of content are required from normative legal acts in
the contemporary legal doctrine and in judicial practice (especially in the practice of constitutional
courts). These requirements primarily concern language of texts of normative legal
acts, as most lawyers find guarantees of accessibility for understanding by most of addressees in the textual fixation of legal norms. The question of how texts of normative legal acts can
provide this — the question lying on the border between law and linguistic — is not answered
today. Lawyers focus on ways and means of interpretation of texts, and these ways and
means are treated as universal principles and dogma, but this is a solution for extraction of
legal norm that often does not guarantee certainty and usually does not provide intelligibility.
This article demonstrates rules of making normative acts which can provide intelligibility
and certainty as interconnected but autonomous and independent requirements to legal texts
basing on joint legal-linguistic researches of intelligibility and certainty of legal texts. There is
a tension between requirements of intelligibility and certainty, though it should not be exaggerated,
as the effective measures providing these two do not conflict and could be realized
together. Fulfilling these requirements working out all normative acts should be accompanied
with description of their meta-normative parameters, inter alia — description of addressees of
normative prescriptions of norms of these acts as well as signs of occurrences, conditions and
circumstances significant for the content of legal norms and its applying.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 19-18-
00525 “Understandability of the official Russian: Legal and linguistic issues”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: legal certainty

value: intelligibility of official documents

value: normative acts

value: making legal documents

value: legal communication

value: language of legal documents

value: intelligibility of legal language

value: difficulties of understanding of documents

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Abgadshava, Daur A.

value: Strebkov, Alexandr I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abgadshava D. A., Strebkov A. I. Social conflict and risk in interdisciplinary analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 2, pp. 218– 230.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes conflict and risk from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach,
which is increasingly gaining recognition and authority as a methodological paradigm that
opens up scientific prospects, especially in the analysis of the multi-component phenomena of
social life. Claims of Conflictology as a young science to be interdisciplinary in nature are due
to its subject, the way of interaction in society, penetrating all spheres, and at the same time
denying and affirming connections and dependencies at the same time, thereby determining
the image of society itself. Society as a system in the disciplinary paradigm of conflict analysis
is presented as a product of contradictions that manifest themselves in conflict as a destructive
force. This force threatens existing security and seeks to abolish existing systems of relations.
In the interdisciplinary paradigm, the destructive function of conflict is conceived as a preparatory
stage for its creative ability to resolve the accumulated contradictions. In the disciplinary
paradigm, conflict is a way of destroying the world; in an interdisciplinary one, it is a way
of destroying the old and creating a new world. In the first case, the non-systemic nature of
the conflict is indicated, in the second, it is indicated that the conflict is the law of the existing
system, without which this system cannot reproduce itself. Turning to interdisciplinary analysis allows us to see in the conflict both its negative and positive properties, regardless of how
antagonistic the opposites that take place in society are. Interdisciplinary analysis also leads
us to an understanding of the identity and difference between conflict and risk, allowed us to
consider the issue of social risk in the context of the issue of conflict, reveal the socio-genetic
relationship between them and come to the conclusion that conflict produces risk, the latter is
fixed in relationships, becoming their indispensable element, exerting a reverse effect on the
conflict, setting limits for the actions of the interacting parties.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00115 https://rscf.
ru/project/19-18-00115/.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 38; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: interdisciplinarity

value: interdisciplinary approach

value: conflictology

value: conflict

value: risk


dc.contributor.author

value: Ksenofontov, Konstantin E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ksenofontov, Konstantin E. 2022. “Mass claims in international investment arbitration”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 396–414.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Following the economic crisis in Argentina international investment tribunals faced a new
challenge: mass claims characterized with multiple claimants bringing the significant amount
of homogeneous investment protection claims against the host state. Neither the 1965 Convention
on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other
States, nor applicable bilateral investment treaties cover the tribunals’ power to resolve mass
claims. They are silent on crucial questions of jurisdiction and consent and do not address important
procedural issues either. In these circumstances arbitral tribunals face the inevitable
gap-filling process, which boils down to the critically important question of legal nature of
mass claims. If mass claims are nothing more than a mere variety of “ordinary” claims, than
the issues of special or “secondary” consent are irrelevant, since the general consent for arbitration
will suffice for the tribunal to find itself competent to resolve the dispute. By contrast,
if mass claims are different in their legal nature from “ordinary” bi- or multiparty arbitration,
they cannot “fit” into the scope of parties’ general consent. In controversial Abaclat decision
the majority ruled that the questions of tribunal’s powers to decide on mass claim brought by
Italian investors against Argentina pertain to the sphere of admissibility rather than jurisdiction.
This analysis was not accepted by dissenting arbitrator G. Abi-Saab. Interestingly, other
multi-party “Argentinian” awards followed the line of argument which significantly differed
from both the majority opinion in Abaclat and G. Abi-Saab’s dissent. This only highlights the
controversial nature of mass claims in international investment arbitration. This article is
dedicated to analysis of jurisdictional issues raised in the course of “Argentinian” arbitrations.
Since this analysis is strongly intertwined with two other systems of resolution of mass claims,
namely American class arbitration and public international law mechanisms dealing with the
compensations for states’ international wrongdoings, these two mechanisms are also explored
to provide better context and understanding.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 2

value: international investment arbitration

value: mass claims

value: class action

value: collective remedies

value: jurisdiction of tribunal

value: collective claims

value: international disputes


dc.contributor.author

value: Nazarova, Nadezhda A.

value: Valueva, Nadezhda I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nazarova, Nadezhda A., Nadezhda I. Valueva. 2022. “Telemedicine: Problems of legal regulation in the context of digitalization of healthcare in Russia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 360–377.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the growing popularity of telemedicine. The authors point to the origins
of the concept of telemedicine and its first application. Both positive and negative aspects of
this phenomenon are presented. When analyzing the legislation and its application, the authors
assess the current state of legal regulation of telemedicine in the context of digitalization
of domestic healthcare, pointing out the presence of gaps in regulatory acts. These include the
following issues: the unresolved mechanism of payment of such medical services, not fully determined
the liability for violations in the field of telemedicine, for the purposes of treatment,
through telemedicine technologies, the diseased person is still obliged to come to the doctor
in a medical institution not solved the problem of procurement of drugs and the problems associated
with Unified State information system in the field of healthcare and the Unified identification
and authentication system in the field of licensing, the development of electronic
prescriptions and the provision of warranty getting medicines for them, etc. Possible ways to
resolve issues in the field of legal regulation for each individual issue are proposed. The authors
present a clear practice of using telemedicine on the territory of the Russian Federation,
namely in the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It is also worth noting that the conclusions reached by
the authors are based on the analysis of the regulatory framework and current legislation. The
medical and legal aspects of the application of telemedicine are considered in detail, namely
the norms of legislative acts that are an important source in regulating the relations of this
institution. Thus, the relevance and significance of the application of telemedicine as a promising
and developing phenomenon of the future is emphasized.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: telemedicine

value: healthcare

value: medical services

value: patient

value: attending physician

value: electronic prescription

value: telemedicine technologies

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Samsonov, Nikolai V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samsonov, Nikolai V. 2022. “The doctrine of civil procedure law and its importance for national judicial procedure”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 415–432.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses approaches to the understanding legal doctrines that exist in legal science,
in order to determine the essence of the civil procedure doctrine, to dissociate it from other
related notions and to identify its importance for national judicial procedure. While using
this basis, the author gives his definition of “the doctrine of civil procedure law” and gives a
classification of legal doctrines. Furthermore, existing cases of the Constitutional Court of the
Russian Federation and other courts using civil procedure doctrine in order to motivate their
decisions are studied. A conclusion is made that there is no judge’s perception of the doctrine
as a source (a form) of law and it is only used as a supplementary argument not having a decisive
character and being used along with rules of logic and of common sense. Among considerable
factors preventing judges from using the legal doctrine in such a capacity, the author
indicates its non-compliance with conditions of legal certainty and legally binding character
and the lack of a mechanism for applying doctrinal provisions to civil judicial procedure, as
well as the fact that the legal doctrine tends to be dispersed in other sources of law. As a result,
the author suggests regarding the doctrine of civil procedure law not as a source (a form) of
law, but as a source of legal knowledge providing basis for the emergence of law in a form of
legislative act, legal case or other, as a phenomenon being a theoretical and methodological
basis of legal system, giving future-oriented models of court organization and civil judicial
procedure, legal regulation of legal procedure in courts of general jurisdiction concerning civil
cases, a phenomenon having an impact on judges’ and other civil procedure participants’ legal
conscience.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: civil legal proceedings

value: civil litigation

value: legal doctrine

value: sources (forms) of law

value: reasoning of decisions

value: legal position

value: legal interpretation


dc.contributor.author

value: Bugaevskaya, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bugaevskaya, Natalia V. 2022. “Responsibility for corruption in the field of procurement for state or municipal needs: Novelties of criminal legislation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 433–451.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents a doctrinal interpretation of norms of criminal law that establish responsibility
for abuses in the procurement of goods, works, and services for state or municipal
needs (Art. 2004 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and bribery of a contract
service employee, contract manager, or member of the procurement commission (Art. 2005
of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The purpose of the study was to help a law
enforcement officer in understanding the criminal-legal characteristics of the elements and
signs of the above-mentioned elements of corruption crimes, in their difference from related
acts, such as abuse of official position, misappropriation of budgetary funds, embezzlement
using official position, receiving and giving bribes. Special attention was paid to the distinctive
features of the subjects of crimes in the field of procurement of goods, works, services for state
or municipal needs. The principles of qualification are explained when a crime is committed
by a group of persons by prior agreement if there are special subjects in the composition of the
crime. Thanks to the use of such a research method as system-structural analysis, objective
and subjective signs of the corpus delicti are presented in detail, criminal liability for which is
fixed in Art. 2004 and 2005 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The conclusions point to the need for careful identification of the signs of the objective side, the subject and the
subject of crimes, since they are crucial for the application of the qualification rules.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: corruption crimes

value: contract system

value: employees of contract services

value: contract managers

value: procurement

value: bribery

value: abuse

value: qualification

value: corpus delicti


dc.contributor.author

value: Laptev, Vasiliy A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Laptev, Vasiliy A. 2022. “Models of impersonal management of commercial corporations: Legal aspects”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 378–395.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Traditional management models of commercial corporations involve the distribution of authorized
capital among specific members of the corporation. This state of affairs makes it possible
to establish a system of corporate control, the scope of the rights of each member of the
corporation, and also to consider commercial corporations as a whole as an association of capital
and (or) an association of persons. This article explores models of corporate governance in
which a member of the corporation is not formally known or is completely absent. This study
is not limited to the legal assessment of beneficial ownership of a corporation. A legal assessment is given of possible models of corporate governance that do not allow, both legally and
actually, to truly establish the owner of the business. The bases for classification of models of
impersonal management of a corporation are highlighted. Modern domestic corporate and
judicial practice on the issue of using the model of “impersonal” management of a corporation
is given. The possibility of identifying the deliberate use of the considered management model
in the formation of the supreme body of the corporation, as well as the abuse of corporate
rights in relation to the rights and legitimate interests of other members of the corporation
and third parties (for example, creditors or government bodies) is being studied. The variability
of the model of impersonal management of commercial corporations is revealed; the legal
consequences of the application of this management model are determined; Ways of solving
the issue of bringing liable persons to responsibility are proposed. Mechanisms for detecting
the impersonal management of a corporation are proposed, including through the use
of digital technologies. Criteria that determine the unfair use of this management model are
analyzed. In the study, new approaches have been formed to identify the model of impersonal
management of corporations by the courts and prevent their use.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research according to the research
project No. 18-29-16079 “E-economy: Conceptual bases of legal regulation of business in Russia”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: corporate management

value: models of corporate management

value: models of impersonal management

value: beneficial owner

value: business owner

value: corporate responsibility

value: artificial intelligence

value: lawyers of the future

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ostapovich, Igor Yu.

value: Nechkin, Andrey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ostapovich, Igor Yu., Andrey V. Nechkin. 2022. “Implementation and protection of human rights on the Internet: Problems of ratio and balance”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 565–580.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrines one of the important postulates on the
formation of the rule of law and civil society: a person and his rights and freedoms are of the
highest value. In the modern period of development of information technologies, mankind
entered into active communication relations through the global information and telecommunication
network Internet, which in turn sharply raised the issue of the need to ensure effective
protection of human and civil rights and freedoms in the process of interaction through
the Internet, while maintaining a high level of guarantees for the realization of such rights and
freedoms, as required by the fundamental international legal acts. The Russian Federation also
did not stand aside from the above processes and was forced to take measures to protect the
rights and freedoms of its citizens on the Internet, which, however, often boiled down to the
introduction of new prohibitions and restrictions on such rights and freedoms. The authors of
this article have made an attempt, taking into account the practice of the European Court of
Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, to indicate the main
directions for improving domestic federal legislation, in order to reflect in it the principle of
the need to find a balance between the free implementation and protection of human and
civil rights and freedoms in information and telecommunication network Internet. So that
the actual problems of the realization of human rights and freedoms, due to the peculiarities
of their implementation on the Internet, necessarily require the development of the most effective
mechanisms for their protection in the new conditions of implementation, and not a
complete rejection of the implementation of such rights and freedoms under the pretext of
protecting them.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Constitution

value: Internet

value: society

value: human rights

value: protection of human rights

value: guarantees of human rights


dc.contributor.author

value: Babaian, Sergei L.

value: Garibian, Kamo K.

value: Airapetian, Ashot S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Babaian, Sergei L., Kamo K. Garibian, Ashot S. Airapetian. 2022. “Comparative legal analysis of the institution of conditionally early release from the punishment in the criminal legislation of Russia and foreign countries”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 506–518.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the institution of parole from serving a sentence (hereinafter — parole)
as an important incentive for law-abiding behavior of convicts in Russia and some foreign
countries. A comparative legal analysis of the conditions for the use of this incentive institution
in order to optimize the domestic criminal and penal legislation, taking into account
foreign experience, is carried out. Reflected proposals to improve the efficiency of the parole
mechanism in law enforcement practice. The authors reveal the grounds and conditions for
the use of the incentive institute of parole in some countries of the Commonwealth of Independent
States (hereinafter — the CIS), as well as in England, Germany, USA, Spain, Switzerland,
etc. Particular attention is paid to the issue of parole in relation to those sentenced to life
imprisonment freedom. Based on the study of the positive experience of developed foreign
countries (England, Germany, Switzerland), it is proposed to change the parole mechanism
in relation to life-sentenced prisoners in Russia and to provide for the possibility of transferring
these persons with positively characterized behavior after serving at least 15 years of their
sentence from the penal colony of the special regime in the penal colony with a strict regime,
as well as to reduce the obligatory term of serving the sentence for the onset of parole in relation
to those sentenced to life imprisonment from 25 to 20 years. In order to reduce recidivism
among those on parole and reduce the number of those sentenced to punishments not related
to isolation from society, it seems expedient, based on the experience of some CIS countries,
to provide for the possibility of parole in relation to those sentenced to punishment in the
form of correctional labor and restraint of freedom.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: release on parole

value: deprivation of liberty

value: incentive institution

value: social adaptation

value: foreign experience

value: criminal inspection


dc.contributor.author

value: Dorskaia, Aleksandra A.

value: Dorskii, Andrei Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dorskaia, Aleksandra A., Andrei Yu. Dorskii. 2022. “Experiencing history as a factor of self-identification of states and peoples of the post-Soviet space: Legal dimension”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 519–529.

dc.description.abstract

value:
For Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the
Russian Federation, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan, the basic forms of self-identification of states
are described: the declaration of an official position on the assessment of historical events;
the adoption of memorial laws, by which criminal liability can be established for expressing a
position on facts of the past that does not correspond to the state’s position; and a policy for
awards based on positive examples in the history of the country. Based on normative legal
acts, officially adopted concepts and strategies, as well as a review of literature, this article
identifies such models of official remembrance policy that have developed in the post-Soviet
space as the defense of historical truth and historical memory, the requirement to recognize
crimes committed in the past, the denial of the positive aspects of a particular stage of history,
the search for state and social identity in the distant past, and its mythologization. The causes
for mainstreaming history at the present stage and reflection of this process in the complex
relationship of history and memory are considered. The stages of updating historical knowledge
for states and peoples of the post-Soviet space are highlighted. Features of the award policy,
various concepts underlying the award systems in the former republics of the Soviet Union, as
well as general historical assessments of specific events and personalities are shown, even in
the face of divergence of the official remembrance policy. The authors make conclusions about
the adequate strategy leading to long-term results, aimed at joint experiencing the traumatic events of the past by the states and peoples, drawing lessons from them and determining ways
to further development without creating an image of the enemy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The part of the A. A. Dorskaia’s research was funded by Russian Science Foundation (RSF), according
to the research project No. 22-28-01346 “Experiencing history as a factor in the self-identification of States
and peoples in the 21st century: the legal dimension”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 2

value: official remembrance policy

value: award policy

value: self-identification of states

value: selfidentification of peoples

value: statutes of orders

value: experiencing history

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Abrosimova, Ekaterina A.

value: Vlasenko, Ellina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abrosimova, Ekaterina A., Ellina V. Vlasenko. 2022. “Inheritance of social media accounts in Germany and Sweden”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 452–468.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The question how the legal framework may cover Internet relations is not new and has been
discussed at least since the end of the 20th century. But over the past decade and a half, the
electronic environment has been developing, while classification and regulation of new institutions
raise some complexities. One of them is social media accounts. Their legal status as
objects of rights is unclear since such accounts are a set of rights and relationships laying at
the intersection of different institutions and law branches such as contractual relationships,
copyright for posts and photos, personal correspondence, and privacy. At the same time,
commercialization of social media accounts is gaining momentum, which turns them into
an “electronic enterprise”. The purpose of this research is to identify order of inheritance of
accounts in Sweden and Germany. These legal systems are close to the Russian one, the results
obtained may be used to improve Russian legislation. Moreover, the authors know the relevant
foreign languages, which allows them to analyze the legislation in detail. The object of analysis
is the relationships that arise in connection with the need to determine the legal fate of a
user’s account after his death. The scope of inheritance relations is chosen because this issue
has become increasingly common in law enforcement practice. Besides, the Federal Supreme
court of Germany recently issued a controversial decision which might affect German law,
other European legal systems, or the relevant elements of the content of user agreements. The
authors use the comparative method, methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction. The authors’ conclusion is the issue is unsettled. The solution proposed by the German
Federal Supreme court is imperfect. In the article there are also some comments on improving
Russian regulation, taking into account the experience of the legal systems studied.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: digital property

value: digital accounts qualification

value: digital accounts inheritance

value: inheritance digitalization

value: memory clause


dc.contributor.author

value: Ploshkina, Iana M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ploshkina, Iana M. 2022. “The legal nature making amends and compensation for the damage caused by the crime under Russian and German law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 486–505.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the legal nature of complex intersectoral legal institutions for making
amends and compensating for the damage caused by a crime under Russian and German
law and reveals their content. The author’s definition of a complex intersectoral institution
is given, and an algorithm for solving in case of a conflict of legal norms of various branches
of law is proposed. Making amends for the damage caused by a crime, being the broadest
form of voluntary compensation for harm in Russian law, is considered in comparison with
a similar German legal institution — compensation for the damage caused to the victim by a
person who has committed a criminal offense, which is also a form of voluntary compensation
for harm. Both institutions contribute to the voluntary resolution of a criminal-legal conflict
resulting from the commission of a criminal offense, and allow taking into account the real
needs of the victim. Despite the presence of common principles in Russian and German criminal
processes: both belong to the Romano-Germanic (continental) legal family, are based on
the principle of legality, the functioning of such institutions as amending and compensation
for the damage caused by a crime testifies to different models of justice in Russian and German
criminal proceedings. Legal regulation and the construction of making amends for the damage
caused by a crime reflect the general punitive direction of the Russian criminal proceedings. At the same time, legal regulation and the established practice of applying compensation
for damage caused to the victim mean the introduction of the principle of expediency and
an element of restorative justice into the German criminal process. Taking into account the
German experience of compensation for the damage, proposals were made to improve the
Russian institution of making amends for the damage caused by a crime.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: making amends for the damage

value: compensation for harm

value: victim

value: intersectoral legal institution

value: voluntariness of compensation for harm

value: restorative model of criminal justice


dc.contributor.author

value: Presnyakov, Mikhail V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Presnyakov, Mikhail V. 2022. “Political rights and freedoms: Problems of content certainty”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 547–564.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The concept of “political rights” of a person and a citizen, widely used today, is in fact far from
certain, both in terms of the specific rights that it is generally customary to include in its content
and in terms of the specific powers that would constitute the content of these rights. In
this regard, this article analyses political rights themselves, which the author finds necessary
to distinguish from human rights in the socio-political sphere. The latter include freedom of
assembly, the right to petition, freedom of speech, the right to unite, etc. Considerable attention
is paid to the substantive characteristics of political rights: thus, the author concludes that
“participation in state affairs” although it is named as a right in the Constitution of the Russian
Federation, cannot claim the role of real and current subjective public law. Transformations of
classical political rights ensuring the participation of citizens in power in modern political and
legal discourse are analyzed. The problematic aspects of the concept of national representation
and constituent power are considered. The author concludes that even with the most adequate
and authentic mechanisms for the exercise of the right to popular representation, such power
never belongs fully to the people. The article justifies that the natural political right is the
right to revolt (“the right to resistance”, “the right to revolution”). The natural political right
of the people “to revolt” acquires the characteristic of precisely “right”, and not a bare political
opportunity only if there are institutions of legitimization and subsequent legalization. As a
result, the right at the present stage would be better described as the right to a legitimate rule
of law.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication was prepared within the framework of the scientific project No. 19-011-00418
“Constitutional principle of legal certainty in the mechanism for the realization of human rights and
freedoms”, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: political rights

value: list of rights

value: certainty of content

value: participate in power

value: right to resist

value: legitimization of power

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rakhmadzhonzoda, Rifat R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rakhmadzhonzoda, Rifat R. 2022. “Prospects for digital modernization of criminal procedure in Tajikistan”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 469–485.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study analyzes the significance and timeliness of the introduction of digital technologies
in the criminal procedure activities of the judicial and law enforcement agencies of Tajikistan
in the context of reforming the internal affairs bodies. It also explores the prospective
parameters for the introduction of modern technologies for accounting for the quantitative
and qualitative components of crime. Modification of crime accounting through the phased
commissioning of the project “Electronic Crime Record Book” will give law enforcement a
different look, aimed at the interaction of state bodies and the population. Opportunities and
promising directions for improving the accounting of crimes will be based on the electronic
interaction of state bodies, officials and members of the public. The platform for the introduction
of information and telecommunication technologies is the structural divisions of the
internal affairs bodies, which register the bulk of all statements and reports on crimes and
incidents. The main criterion in the modernization of criminal procedure is the development
of a unified model of the system of accounting and registration activities, which will cover not only the accounting of crimes, but also intermediate and final procedural decisions. The main
emphasis in the project is aimed at the development and qualitative improvement of interaction
between law enforcement and judicial authorities, through which the domestic system
of criminal policy is being modernized. The modernization of the criminal procedure reality
testifies to the additional elaboration of the full coverage of quantitative data on crime and a
comprehensive response to each statement and message. Additionally, it is required to clarify
the content of the Concept for the development of informatization and the unified information
and communication system of the internal affairs bodies of Tajikistan and other sectoral
regulatory legal acts for the next period of reform.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: digital technologies

value: project

value: crime

value: criminal procedure

value: law enforcement agencies

value: judicial authorities

value: police

value: internal affairs bodies


dc.contributor.author

value: Dekker, Simeon

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dekker S. Features of the “diatribe” in the writings of Iosif Volotskii. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 389–408. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.212

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article investigates to what extent features of the “Cynic-Stoic diatribe” (a dialogical mode
of exposition encountered in polemical-didactic writings, which originated in Hellenistic
Greek) are reflected in the writings of Iosif Volotskii (Joseph of Volokolamsk), most notably
in his main polemical treatise against the so-called “Judaizers”, known as the “Prosvetitel’”
(“Enlightener,” henceforth: P). The phenomenon of the diatribe will first be briefly introduced,
both as regards its Greek origins as well as its transfer into Old Church Slavonic and its further
development in Orthodox Slavic writings from the 10th century onwards. Next, some attention
will be devoted to Iosif ’s background and the context of P. Some of the main features of the
diatribe in P will then be presented and their use will be compared to Slavic translated texts
as well as their Greek originals. It will be shown that the features of the diatribe in P. occur in
an attenuated form and thus can be considered a residue of the diatribal mode of discourse
organization. At the same time, some of these features clearly serve a pragmatic purpose of
subjectivizing the discourse. This latter issue will be discussed on the basis of terminology
developed by Fr. Récanati (1997), H. Clark (1996) and others.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This article has been written with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 19; Issue 2

value: diatribe

value: Iosif Volotskii

value: historical pragmatics

value: parenthetical verbs

value: subjectification


dc.contributor.author

value: Novak, Maria O.

value: Penkova, Yana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Novak M. O., Penkova Ya. A. Cyril of Jerusalem сatechetical lectures: To linguistic and textual history of the 13th century Tolstovskii manuscript. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 334–352. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents a study of catechetical lectures by Cyril of Jerusalem in the Tolstovskii
sbornik (collection) from the 13th century (RNB, F.p.I.39) in comparison with four manuscripts
from the 11th–17th centuries. Considering lexical, derivational, and grammatical variations,
the authors conclude that the Tolstovskii manuscript has much more archaic features in
common with three representatives of the MSS from the “family Sin” (they are three MSS from
11th–16th centuries). At the same time, it looks closer to the manuscript from the 16th–17th
centuries (RSL, f. 256, N. P. Rumiantsev collection, no. 194) at the grammatical level. Simultaneously,
the grammatical commonality of the Tolstovskii and Rumiantsev manuscripts is
also not associated with the later editing but better reflects the original readings of translation
than the manuscripts from the “family Sin.” Along with general readings, the Tolstovskii copy
is characterized by many special readings that do not coincide with any MSS involved in the
analysis. Some of these readings better convey the Greek original text, while others, on the
contrary, reflect the result of later distortions. The manuscript does not contain consistent
“Preslav” revision traces, although one can sporadically find some East Bulgarian lexemes in it
(since many of them are also present in other copies, one cannot consider them as a result of
later revisions). Nevertheless, the archaic Cyril and Methodius’ translation layer, both in vocabulary
and grammar, turns out to be predominant. Thus, the Tolstovskii manuscript should
be recognized as the representative of a particular tradition of Cyril’s catechetical text, far from
both the “family Sin” and the Rumiantsev copy, as far as it preserves a large number of archaic
features in its language.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Tolstovskii sbornik from the 13th century

value: Cyril of Jerusalem catechetical lectures

value: textual criticism

value: historical grammar

value: historical lexicology

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Filippov, Andrei K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filippov A. K. Chrononyms in Stratagema Oeconomicum by S. Gubert and in Lifliandskaia Ekonomiia by M. V. Lomonosov (a comparative study). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 373–388. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.211 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Stratagema Oeconomicum by S. Gubert (first ed. 1645) is a German-language manual on farming
in the historical region of Livonia. This German text, as well as its Russian translation
Lifljandskaia Ekonomiia (“Economy of Livonia”) signed by M. Lomonosov (1747), contains
numerous calendar dates in the form of proper names (chrononyms). Most of these names
refer to religious holidays and Christian saints’ days of remembrance. A comparative study
of chrononyms from the two texts approaches issues that were not fully resolved in previous
works, namely, revealing the strategies used by the Russian author and identifying the reasons
for deviations from the original text. An analysis of the linguistic material shows that in the
selection of equivalents for German chrononyms, the Russian translator used both the Orthodox
Church calendar and the traditional Slavic almanac. Many significant Christian figures
are not represented in the Slavic folk calendar, and this led to cases in which names from the
German book were replaced with names indicating different, albeit close, calendar dates. In
addition, the days of remembrance of some Christian saints differ in the Western and Eastern
traditions, which also caused a number of replacements with shifts in dates. Other factors, e. g.
climate of Russia and the use of the Julian calendar, did not have a significant impact on the
translation of chrononyms. The main aim of the adaptation carried out by the Russian translator, most likely, was the desire to present calendar milestones and intervals in a form familiar
to the Russian reader.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: chrononyms

value: Russian Enlightenment

value: German-Russian language contacts


dc.contributor.author

value: Rozhdestvenskaya, Tatiana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rozhdestvenskaya T. V. Graffiti of the 15th century in the Novgorodian Church of the Dormitionon-in-Volotovo (materials for the catalog). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 363–372. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.210 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The report describes the complex of graffiti inscriptions in the Church of the Dormitionin-
Volotovo near Novgorod dated 14th century. Some of them were already introduced into
scientific circulation, the other are published here for the first time. In contrast to the graffiti
of the 12th–15th centuries from other churches of medieval Novgorod, a significant part of the
graffiti in the Church of the Dormition-in-Volotovo consists of 2 groups of inscriptions: liturgical
quotes and personal names (apart from the standard prayer formulas “Lord help (save,
forgive)” and autographs “X wrote”). The main attention in the report is paid to the personal
names, the lists of which completely cover the part of the wall to the right of the entrance to the altar and the north-eastern face of the north-eastern pillar. The graffiti are made in different
handwriting, but all of them are palaeographically dated to the beginning and the first half
of the 15th century. The article publishes Christian names, of which only 6 belong to women.
Personal names are presented in the form of Acc. sing., which suggests their use as part of
the prayer formula for health or for the repose of “Lord save, have mercy + Acc. Sing.” Many
Christian names are represented in the popular vocalization, which is also typical for birch
bark letters. The material presented and analyzed in the article is part of the graffiti corpus
prepared by the author from the Novgorodian Church of the Dormition-in-Volotovo.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Russian Science Foundation grant provided to the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy
of Sciences “Non-book writing of Ancient Russia in the 11th–15th centuries. (Birch bark letters and epigraphy):
new sources and methods of research”, project No. 19-18-00352.

dc.subject

value: medieval Novgorod

value: graffiti of the 15th century

value: the Church of the Dormitionon-in-Volotovo personal names


dc.contributor.author

value: Kareva, Natalia V.

value: Pivovarov, Evgeny G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kareva N. V., Pivovarov E. G. The first German grammar, intended for Russian students (1713): Language material peculiarities. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 320–333. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the first grammar of the German language, intended for use of Russian
students: “Die Deutsche Grammatica, Aus Unterschiedenen Autoribus zusammen gebracht
Und Der in Deutschland Studierenden Rußischen Nation zum besten In einem Compendio
herausgegeben von Charmyntes”. Peculiarities of the language material presented in the manual
are investigated. Deviations from the traditional German language description scheme are
fixed: assignment of three article types; viewing a person as a nominal category, complicating
system of verb tenses etc. We append the results of the research conducted by K. Koch
(2002) and. conclude, that in addition to J. Bödiker’s work directly referred to in the manual,
its author was influenced by the works of linguists from “Fruitbearing Society”: K. von Stieler,
J. Clajus, and Ch. Gueintz. The author also relied on French grammar by J. R. Pepliers. The
article analyzes the textbook illustrative material. Quotations from the Gospel, Psalms, evangelic
hymns, and catechistic literature were often used as examples. However, it also contained
a heretical example — mentioning of Lucifer among angels. The latter, possibly, explains the
mysterious circumstances of the manual publication. It was issued in Berlin in 1713 without
indicating its printing house. The author also hid his real name. We describe its surviving
copies in Saint Petersburg and Rostock libraries and conclude, that the work, brought to Russia
in the first third of the 18th century, was significant for the national tradition of language
description.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: German language

value: 18th century

value: Charmyntes

value: German grammar

value: linguistic sources


dc.contributor.author

value: Portnova, Tatjana V.

value: Voitekhovich, Roman S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Portnova T. V., Voitekhovich R. S. Literary sources of the image of Spain in the works by Marina Tsvetaeva. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 272–290. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper analyzes literary sources of Spanish themes in the poetry of M. Tsvetaeva. The
Spanish theme in Russian culture and Russian-Spanish relations have been fruitfully studied
for a long time, but insights of this scholarship are rarely applied to Tsvetaeva’s works (generally
when speaking about the images of Carmen and Don Juan, or about the Federico Garcia
Lorca translations). Despite the fact that there are many works about the reception of different
countries by Tsvetaeva, there are no studies analyzing Spain throughout the poet’s work. But
Spanish motives appear in one of the first poems of Tsvetaeva, “The Street woke up”, and the
last year of poet’s life is related to the translations of Garcia Lorca. For the first time, this paper
takes a panoramic view of the author’s Spanish texts and reveals their literary basis. Among
the sources identified we find the texts of Spanish literature and folklore that Tsvetaeva read
in translation: folkloric songs, plays by P. Calderon, M. Cervantes, F. Garcia Lorca, etc. But
the corpus of non-Spanish sources is much more extensive: here we have the works of Russian
poets (A. Pushkin, A. Tolstoy, S. Parnok, P. Antokolsky and others) and foreign authors
(P. Merimee, V. Sardou, J. Sand, G. Aguilar, O. Wilde and others). We conclude that Tsvetaeva’s
image of Spain is a variant of the European Spanish myth. It has a heterogeneous character and
is formed by sources of polyethnic origin.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Tsvetaeva

value: Spain

value: literature

value: modernism

value: Spanish myth

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gavritckov, Arsenii N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gavritckov A. N. A room with no Jacob: An aesthetic of absence in Virginia Woolf ’s novels. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 238–252. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores Virginia Woolf ’s experiments with the narrative that added impersonality
to her texts. It focuses on an indefinite narrator’s entries, Woolf ’s making her main characters
absent from the plot, and focus shifts from the novels’ anthropomorphic characters. An aesthetics
of absence is seen as the key element of Woolf ’s individual style, which defines both
the structure and the focalization of her novels. The article analyzes the category of absence
in the early Woolf ’s novel The Voyage Out and the subsequent reimagining and deeper development
of this technique by the writer, which found expression in her later novels Jacob’s
Room, To the Lighthouse, and The Waves. The examples from these works demonstrate how
the writer intentionally shifts the focus of the narration from the central characters, thereby
creating obstructions for herself as an author in order to discover a new way of telling a story.
Appealing to the category of absence is considered in the article as a strategy for finding new
ways of constructing narrative. The writer’s experiments with impersonalization show that the
absence of the main character does not make it impossible to further develop the narrative:
the text goes on even if its characters are silent, passive, absent. In addition, the article traces
the connection of the deliberate impersonalization of the text with the writer’s idea of a single
universal consciousness that does not disappear after a human’s death: so does the text continue
to develop after Woolf made its main characters absent.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Virginia Woolf

value: narratology

value: aesthetic of absence

value: focalization

value: narrative point of view


title: Altai text of Vitalii Bianki

dc.contributor.author

value: Bogumil, Tatiana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogumil T. A. Altai text of Vitalii Bianki. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 226–237. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Selected works of V. V. Bianki are considered in the context of the theory of local supertexts
(the Tartu-Moscow school). The Altai text acts as a subsystem of the Siberian text, coinciding
with it in a number of parameters, but being isolated by geographic reference to the region.
The proposed analysis makes it possible to single out the invariant motive of the “Altai”
works of the writer — the existential choice of a person at the acute moment of the “fight”
with a representative of natural forces, embodying the “spirit” of Altai. Human characters are
hierarchically organized according to the degree of increased involvement in natural life: urban
— local — scientist-naturalist. At the opposite pole there are variants of a kind of genius
loci of the region: sable, bear, mountain goat, element. Bianki’s palette is not limited to the
genres indicated by the author: novella and short stories. Starting with a reliable image of the
“hunt-trade” (“Askyr,” “The last shot”), the author continues with stories with a bias towards
anecdote (“Fatal beast,” “Somersault”) and the parable (“Boon”), and ends with the text, actualizing
the canon of a fairy tale (“She”). The designated corpus of texts has not only thematic
coherence, but also increased orderliness. Structural and semiotic connectivity is manifested
in the tendency to the formation of binary microcycles, the presence of a single plot invariant
and a mythological core. All these are arguments in favor of the existence of the Altai text in
the writer’s work.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 19; Issue 2

value: Altai

value: Siberian text

value: locus

value: fairy tale

value: initiation

dc.title

value: Altai text of Vitalii Bianki


dc.contributor.author

value: Romanovskaja, Irina V.

value: Abramova, Oksana G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Romanovskaja I. V., Abramova O. G. Dystopia in works of Harry Martinson and Andrei Platonov. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 291–303. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper presents a comparative study of two literary works which are basically different in
their forms of expression: the poem “Aniara” by Harry Martinson, and the novel The Foundation
Pit by Andrei Platonov. The common ground of the two authors’ literary philosophy is
emphasized, as well as their common themes and the similarity of ideas, which is determined
both by the personal experience and the ways of mankind’s evolution in the first half of the
20th century. The analysis shows that the existence improvement concept lies at the bottom of
the studied works. Though this concept has reached the ultimate stage of absurdity where the
initially positive ideas to build a house for the country’s proletarians (Platonov) and to save
the mankind in the space (Martinson) lead to a negative result: death. While the Platonov’s
novel is well-known for a wide audience, the poem of the Swedish author is a revelation for
the majority as an example of post-apocalyptic dystopia written in an elegant poetic language.
The present article introduces what these two literary works have in common in relation to
genre (both the poem and the novel represent failed utopia — dystopia) and architectonics.
The story lines are based on such motifs as motif of traveling, motif of searching for happiness
and truth, and motif of death, a key-motif for both literary works.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: dystopia

value: Martinson

value: Aniara

value: Platonov

value: The Foundation Pit

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Oborneva, Zinaida E.

value: Savel’eva, Natalya V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Oborneva Z. E., Savel’eva N. V. Ιnterpretations to Tetrastichae sententiae by Gregory the Theologian in Anthologion (1660): Text and its Greek source. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 353–362. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the work of Arseniy Grek, a corrector of the Moscow Printing Yard (Pechatniy
dvor), on the translation of interpretations to the poetic sententiae by Gregory the
Theologian; these verses and comments to them were published in 1660 as part of the Moscow
collection Anthologion. These scholias are written on the margins of the manuscript to the
poems of Gregory the Theologian do not find analogues among the known interpretations.
A comparative analysis of the translations of verses and commentaries allowed us to draw a
conclusion about the creative approach of Arseniy Grek. The article describes the principles
of processing by Arseniy Grek of the source text and the main stylistic and linguistic features
of his translation. This is the dissemination of the text by Christian exegesis and biblical quotations
and reminiscences, the introduction of new semantic nuances, the use of vocabulary
borrowed from Church Slavonic translations, a deviation from the syntactic constructions of
the modern Greek source. It is concluded that the technique of translating Gregory the Theologian’s
poems and interpretations to them depends not only on the translator’s knowledge
of the source language, but also on the literary form (poetry and prose) and on the authority
of the original. The texts of modern Grek interpretations and their arrangements by Arseniy
Grek are published in the Appendix.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research is supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant 20-18-00171).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Anthologion

value: Gregory the Theologian

value: Moscow Printing yard

value: modern Greek language

value: stylistics


dc.contributor.author

value: Ogurechnikova, Nataliia L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ogurechnikova N. L. Themes of gospel and nativity in Icelandic biblical paraphrase. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 253–271. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines stanzas 27–33 from “Lilja”, an Icelandic biblical paraphrase written in
the form of skaldic drapa and dating from the first half of the XIV c. The subject of the article
is the sources of these stanzas and the nature of the skald’s work with the sources. Comparative
textual analysis, which is the main method of work, has shown that the skald borrowed
the general idea of the text from the Bible of Herman de Valenciennes, and stanzas 27–33,
where the theme of the Gospel sounds, are an adaptation of a fragment from “Conception
Nostre Dame” (“The Conception of the Virgin”) by Wace (lines 783–864). Analysis of the
forms of speech and narrative strategies in stanzas 27–33 has shown their convergence with
the forms of speech characteristic of “The Elder Edda” and the use of eddic narrative strategies
by the skald. The noted interaction of the eddic and the skaldic traditions in «Lilja» suggests
reconsideration of the traditional classification of the text as a skaldic work, despite the form
of skaldic drapa and its semantic aureole. “Lilja” is regarded in the paper as a poetic biblical paraphrase born as a result of adaptation of the continental tradition of vernacular theology
to the verbal culture of Iceland, i. e. as a manifestation of a new function of the art of poetry.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Icelandic biblical paraphrase

value: Marian Bibles

value: vernacular theology

value: skaldic poetry

value: narrative strategies


dc.contributor.author

value: Semiachko, Svetlana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Semiachko S. A. The scribe Diomid Serkov and the reproduction of the Simeon Polotsky’s works. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2022, 19 (2): 304–319. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the origin, sources, and specifics of the miscellany “Tsvetnik, ili Veka
sego vremennik,” based on “Vertograd mnogotsvetny” by Simeon Polotsky. The material had
four copies of the miscellany, two of which are being introduced into scientific circulation
for the first time. One of these copies was made by a famous scribe from the last quarter of
the 17th — first quarter of the 18th century Diomid Iakov’s son Serkov. The author presented
a paleographic description of the manuscripts and a comparative description of their composition.
She establish that the manuscript of the «Vertograd mnogotsvetny» State Historical
Museum, Synodal Collection, No. 288 (a scribal copy made from the author’s original on the
instructions of Simeon Polotsky himself) was the “Tsvetnik” source. The author considers that
the miscellany «Tsvetnik, ili Veka sego vremennik» was created by someone from a group of
scribes worked under the leadership of Sylvester Medvedev. She dated the miscellany to the
time after the death of Simeon Polotsky (1680) and Tsar Feodor Alekseevich (1682) and before
the arrest of Sylvester Medvedev (1689) and the confiscation of the source manuscript.
Particular attention was paid to the variant created by Diomid Serkov. The author believes
that Diomid Serkov composed the poetic texts that mark the sections of the miscellany in his
manuscript. According to the author, “Tsvetnik” is a light version of the “Vertograd mnogotsvetny,”
devoid of anything outlandish and beyond the usual picture of the world and the usual
religious and moral ideas.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the
Russian Federation (project “History of Writing in European Civilization”).

dc.subject

value: Simeon Polotsky

value: Silvester Medvedev

value: Diomid Serkov

value: Vertograd mnogotsvetny

value: Tsvetnik, ili Veka sego vremennik

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Maksimov, Fedor E.

value: Petrov, Alexei Yu.

value: Grigoriev, Vasily A.

value: Konstantinov, Evgeniy A.

value: Kuznetsov, Vladislav Yu.

value: Arslanov, Khikmatulla A.

value: Levchenko, Snezhana B.

value: Karpukhina, Natalia V.

value: Starikova, Anna A.

value: Baranova, Nadezhda G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maksimov, F. E., Petrov, A. Yu., Grigoriev, V. A., Konstantinov, E. A., Kuznetsov, V. Yu., Arslanov, Kh. A., Levchenko, S. B., Karpukhina, N. V., Starikova, A. A., Baranova, N. G. (2022). 230Th/U age and paleobotanic description of the organic-rich layer from the “Ilya Prorok” section on the Bolshaya Kosha River (Upper Volga basin). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 67 (2), 243–265. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article presents new data from geochronological study the lake-bog organic-rich layer
from of the “Ilya Prorok” sequence (Upper Volga Basin, Tver Region) that is a one of the reference
sections located on the Russian Plain. Ideas concerning the age and climatic conditions
of these organic--mineral deposits formation changed significantly over the long history of
their study. As a result, the viewpoint about the belonging of this layer to the Likhvin time began to prevail. However, it is still unclear with which marine isotope-oxygen stage (MIS) the
Likhvin interglacial can be compared. According to the paleobotanical study of the lake-bog
from the Ilya Prorok section, it was confirmed that the lower part of the lake-bog layer can be
attributed to the warm phases of the Likhvin interglacial, while its upper half was deposited
during the transition to cooling after the interglacial period. For the first time, the radioisotope
age of the buried lake-bog deposits of the reference section “Ilya Prorok” have obtained.
According to the data of direct 230Th/U dating, the formation of the sequence probably began
no earlier than ~ 326–260 Kyr ago. The 230Th/U age of the buried peat bog from its upper half,
according to the results of applying the isochronous approximation, can be correlated with
the interval ~ 256–225 Kyr ago. According to these data, the Likhvin deposits were formed no
earlier than MIS-9.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
within the framework of scientific projects No 18-35-00571 and 20-05-00813.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 67; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: buried lake-bog deposits

value: Middle Pleistocene

value: Likhvin interglacial

value: uranium-thorium (230Th/U) dating method

value: palaeobotanical analysis


dc.contributor.author

value: Nabat, Maria M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nabat M. M. Soviet Project of Nation-State-Building in Afghanistan. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 162–175. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.201

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the Soviet Union’s policy in Afghanistan during the period of its military
presence there (1979–1989) as a set of measures corresponding to the modern interpretation
of the concepts of nation-building and state-building. It also analyzes modern theories of nation-
and state-building and highlights their main trends, forms, and problems. The author
also proposes a unique approach that combines these two concepts as “nation-state-building”
in relation to the Soviet project in Afghanistan. The article elaborates on the main tasks of the
Soviet policy in the 1980s in Afghanistan as well as their implementation and results. Due to
the combination of “nation-building” and “state-building” concepts in a complex structure of
“nation-state-building”, the article draws conclusions, first, about the applicability of this approach
to the specific Soviet project of state-building in Afghanistan, and, second, about the
complexity of the project itself, which included ideological, political, economic, and military
components. On the basis of archive documents, memoirs of military and diplomatic actors,
and a wide scope of academic research, the author substantiates the idea of large-scale tasks
of nation-state-building in Afghanistan in Soviet foreign policy, and also indicates that the
implementation of the project encountered great difficulties from the unfolding civil war to
the inability of the Afghan leaders to consolidate the political life of the country. Soviet leadership
quickly realized the unreadiness of the Afghan society for the proposed systemic social
transformations. Despite the fact that the goals of the Soviet project were not achieved, this
does not diminish its scale and historical significance.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

value: Afghanistan

value: nation-building

value: state-building

value: USSR

value: economic assistance

value: Soviet foreign policy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Alieva, Ludmila R.

value: Ambartsumyan, Karine R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alieva L. R., Ambartsumyan K. R. The role of international academic mobility in strengthening the efficiency of “soft power” policy of modern Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 197–216. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The authors of the article address the problem of practical implementation of “soft power”
in modern Russian foreign policy. The aim of the research was to understand the role of academic
mobility in the development of a positive image of Russia in the world. In this regard,
the authors emphasize the inexpediency of understanding science and education as a means
of propaganda and ideological response to foreign opponents. Academic mobility is one of the effective channels that allows not only to share the results of research and educational activities,
but also, through interpersonal communication in professional communities, to destroy
the existing negative stereotypes about Russia. The article provides experience of DAAD as
one of the best practices in organizing academic exchanges, and emphasizes the possibility of
adapting this experience for Russia. Opposing the statement of J. Nay, German experience has
shown the effectiveness of active participation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in supporting
international cooperation in education and research. Taking into account the diversity
of regions in the Russian Federation, the authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary
to enhance cross-border cooperation with neighboring regions following the policy of “soft
power”. As an example, the authors present the experience of North Caucasus Federal University
in cooperation with scientific and educational institutions of the South Caucasus. The
border position of the North Caucasus region, common historical past of the peoples and
common Caucasian identity make NCFU an effective tool for strengthening Russia’s influence
in the region, which traditionally becomes an arena of international rivalry. The article
also presents the experience of implementing joint projects with European partners, analyzes
current trends in the development of European Higher Education Area, and shows the role
of academic mobility in the formation of a sustainable, cohesive and peaceful Europe. In this
regard, the authors conclude that universities make a significant contribution to the formation
of a positive image of Russia as a country with ethnic, cultural, historical, religious and
geographical diversity.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: “soft power”

value: academic mobility

value: cross-border cooperation

value: universities

value: North Caucasus Federal University

value: research and educational international collaboration


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsvetkova, Natalia A.

value: Sytnik, Anna N.

value: Grishanina, Tatiana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsvetkova N. A., Sytnik A. N., Grishanina T. A. Digital diplomacy and digital international relations: Challenges and new advantages. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 174–196. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper introduces concepts relative to digital international relations, including the following
clusters as data/digital diplomacy; cyber security and cyber diplomacy; global internet
governance; and, finally, digital voting. All these elements have come under the pressure of
datalization that is the growth of digital actors and of big data analytics used often for political
purposes. This paper focuses on one of the elements of digital international relations, notably
the digital diplomacy. The authors discuss new challenges including digital uncertainty, fractured
digital reality, and framing. Based on the analysis of data retrieved from social media
by computational algorithms, the authors test these new challenges in case studies related to
the digital diplomacy conducted by the United States, Russia and China in such countries as
Afghanistan, Syria and Iran in various timelines. The authors reveal that multiple digital bloggers,
mass-media, various entities, etc., can diminish the effectiveness of governmental digital
diplomacy. At the same time, the datalization, digital uncertainty, and fragmentation allow the
official diplomacy of the states to promote values through specific policy of framing discussed
in the paper. Based on the empirical data, it can be concluded that the current stage of digitalization
of international relations compels the states to introduce new binding agreements to
draw “cyber red lines” or, equally, to maintain internet freedom that will contribute to shaping
a balance of power in cyberspace.

dc.subject

value: digital international relations

value: digital diplomacy

value: United States

value: Russia

value: China


dc.contributor.author

value: Zinovieva, Elena S.

value: Yanikeeva, Inna O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zinovieva E. S., Yanikeeva I. O. Evolution of the US — Russia relations in the area of international information security: A retrospective study. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 158–173. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In November 2021, Russia and the United States submitted a draft joint resolution on international
information security to the UNGA First Committee, which was a significant victory for Russian diplomacy in the formation of an international information security regime. For a
long time, Russian-American relations in the field of international information security have
been developing on the basis of a confrontational model, while these two states are the most
active actors in the global information sphere. The general trends in the formation of an international
information security regime depend on the nature of relations between countries.
The article presents a historical analysis of cooperation between Moscow and Washington in
the digital environment and assesses the impact of the historical experience of interaction on
the prospects for the development of bilateral cooperation in the field of international information
security. Methodologically, the authors base the research from the theory of defensive
realism, according to which the factor of perception of the priority of threats to international
information security is an important factor in bilateral interaction. The more significant threats
are perceived from the point of view of national security, the more likely is the development
and deepening of international cooperation aimed at shaping the rules of conduct in this area.
The article examines the evolution of threats to international information security in historical
retrospect. Based on the perception of the priority of threats, the evolution of the formats
of bilateral interaction in the field of international information security is shown. It has been
proved that the perception of the priority of threats in the field of international information
security contributes to the development and deepening of bilateral cooperation, which in the
future can develop into a full-fledged regime of international information security, based on
the rules of responsible behavior of states in the global information space.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: international information security

value: Russian-American relations

value: information warfare

value: international law

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Freire, Maria Raquel

dc.identifier.citation

value: Freire M. R. The evolving role of the OSCE in the shaping of European security. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 123–137. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.201

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyses the role of the CSCE/OSCE in the shaping of European security. The
1975 Helsinki Final Act put forward a broad understanding of security, implying economic,
societal and other non-traditional dimensions of security, which was an innovation at the
time, and promoted the idea of comprehensive security. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the end
of the Soviet Union were understood then as an opportunity for promoting the “Common European
home” principles as put forward by Gorbachev. This new context conferred a renewed
sense of belonging to the “wide Europe” with no dividing walls. However, European security
evolved differently; with different understandings and perceptions about the “other” taking
shape, and creating lines of dissension in the articulation of an inclusive security order sought
by the OSCE. The article argues the OSCE had difficulties in adjusting to the new postCold
War security context, providing a mixed assessment of the organisation’s role in European
security. This is so due to several factors, including the working rules of the organisation, the
role and positioning of Russia within and towards the OSCE, and the drawing of the European
security architecture around NATO and what this means to the OSCE as a piece in the
European security puzzle.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research work was conducted within the framework of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence
PRONE — Peace Relations, Ontologies and Narratives in Europe: EU and its Eastern Neighbours,
611269-EPP-1-2019-1-PT-EPPJMO-CoE, University of Coimbra. The European Commission’s support for
the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which reflect the
views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made
of the information contained therein.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: CSCE/OSCE

value: European security

value: comprehensive security

value: Ukraine


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhitin, Dmitrii V.

value: Prokofev, Aleksei D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhitin, D. V., Prokofev, A. D. (2022). Ethno-territorial features of social inequality in the USA. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 67 (2), 333–359. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The social fragmentation of the US population has pronounced ethno-territorial features.
Using the example of ten ethnic groups of Americans of various ancestry (German, Italian,
Polish, Russian, Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, Mexican, Cuban, Salvadoran), the spatial features
of social inequality are examined. Six indicators of social well-being were considered in
three areas: education, employment status and earnings. The indicators under consideration
include: 1) proportion of individuals without a high school diploma; 2) proportion of individuals
with a bachelor’s degree or higher; 3) proportion of individuals who are not in the labor
force; 4) unemployment rate; 5) median annual earnings; and 6) proportion of individuals
with income below poverty level. The states and the District of Columbia were taken as the
spatial unit for analyzing the ethno-territorial heterogeneity of social inequality in the United
States. The study revealed the socio-spatial heterogeneity of the US territory, determined the
hierarchy of ethnic groups in terms of social well-being, and identified states that have the
highest deviations from the “normal” distribution of the indicators under consideration. The
results obtained make it possible to judge both the influence of ethnic origin and a specific
territory on the level of social well-being of the US population. The existing social hierarchy
of the considered ethnic groups is highly stable in most states. More often than not, members
of a particular ethnic group living in more socially wealthy states will outperform members
of the same group living in less socially wealthy states in terms of social well-being. However,
this feature is not typical for all states and ethnic groups equally. This allows us to assert that in
the United States, inequality between ethnic groups can acquire its own specific characteristics
depending on a particular territory.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 67; Issue 2

value: social well-being

value: ethnic group

value: spatial characteristics

value: ethnosocial differences

value: USA

value: state


dc.contributor.author

value: Vlasova, Natalia O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vlasova, Natalia. “‘Demonic, Ecstatic Antiquity’: On the Interpretation of Myth in the Opera ‘Elektra’ by Richard Strauss — Hugo von Hofmannsthal”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 228–242. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The opera “Elektra” is of particular significance for Richard Strauss. It opens an ancient line
in his musical and theatrical legacy and is at the same time the culmination of expressionist
tendencies in his work. It also marks the start of Strauss’s collaboration with H. von Hofmannsthal
as librettist. The tragedy of Hofmannsthal focuses on trends typical of the new
understanding of antiquity in the second half of the 19th century. An interest in the archaic,
in ancient cults and rituals representing the irrational aspects of Greek culture, is brought to
the forefront. Hofmannsthal’s “Electra” was one of the first literary works to embody the new image of Greece. In the course of work on the opera, a particular role played the treatise on
matriarchy in the pre-Hellenistic era “Das Mutterrecht” (1861) by J. J. Bachofen. It acquired
unexpected relevance at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries when matriarchy was anxiously
perceived as a resurgent world order. Hofmannsthal’s “Electra” appears as the realm of matriarchy.
The concentration on the image of the title character, the embodiment on the stage of
a short but key segment of her life, the raging of dark passions make Elektra a characteristic
phenomenon of expressionist theatre. In Strauss’s opera the role of Elektra is further expanded.
With the help of sharp stylistic contrasts in the musical characterization of the heroine, Strauss
conveys the dissociation of her personality, her loss of identity. For Strauss, “Elektra” was the
culmination of extreme emotional states that demanded the use of the most daring, within his
style, compositional means. “Elektra” marks a turning point in the composer’s work. His next
opera is “Der Rosenkavalier”, written in an entirely different style. Strauss’s subsequent operas
on ancient themes are also very far from the irrationalist and innovative pathos of “Elektra”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 2

value: Richard Strauss

value: Hugo von Hofmannsthal

value: Johann Jakob Bachofen

value: “Elektra”

value: musical theatre

value: new conception of Greek antiquity

value: expressionism

value: monodrama

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Levin, Ilya S.

value: Ponomarenko, Andrey V.

value: Polovkov, Vyacheslav V.

value: Popov, Dmitry A.

value: Troyan, Vladimir N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Levin, I. S., Ponomarenko, A. V., Polovkov, V. V., Popov, D. A., Troyan, V. N. (2022). On the method of surface-wave tomography and perspectives for its application in engineering seismic exploration. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 67 (2), 202–226. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The upper part of the seismic section is studied using refracted waves, as well as surface waves
using the MASW method during engineering seismic surveys. This work considers relatively
new near-surface approach that is actively used in seismology for studying the upper mantle
and deep part of the earth’s crust, the method of surface wave tomography. This method is
of great practical interest, since it allows to obtain 3D subsurface models, and it potentially
has better spatial resolution than the widely used MASW method. Also method allows conducting
remote researches, without placing sources and receivers directly this above the studied
area. Thus, the method is especially relevant for studying the subsurface under buildings,
structures, and inaccessible zones. Within the framework of this work, tests of the developed
algorithm for surface-wave tomography using direct rays were carried out on modeled data.
The performance of the algorithm was assessed and the resolution of the method was estimated.
Also the optimal observation schemes were considered as well as the influence of the
regularization parameter value on the inversion result. Basing on the results of the current
study, it can be concluded that the method of surface-wave tomography and its realization
via the developed algorithm can be effectively used to solve engineering-geological problems
both on land and shallow seas.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: engineering seismic exploration

value: surface waves

value: the upper part of the seismic section

value: near surface

value: seismic tomography

dc.title

size: 6 MB


dc.contributor.author

value: Sakhatova, Gulshen S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sakhatova G. S. On Special Verbs of Motion in Turkmen and Their Possible Etymological Connection with the Marker tas in Turkmen. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 288–298. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Turkmen, when expressing the avertive meaning “an event almost realized”, applies an obligatory
marker tas. Turkmen grammars traditionally describe it as a word that gives a negative connotation to the meaning <an action was possible but did not happen>. However, in Turkic
linguistics and in Turkmen in particular, the status of tas as a modal word or a grammatical
particle has not yet been studied. Moreover, there are no studies in Turcological linguistics,
offering classifications of modal words and particles which are shaped on the basis of their
meanings as well as grammatical and pragmatic functions. Nevertheless, the marker tas is of
interest for the following two reasons. First, the narrow scope of use in Turkmen, i.e. only to
express the avertive meaning. Second, the issue of the etymology of the roots tas-/daz-/tis- in
Turkic languages is still one of the discussed matters. Moreover, there are various suggestions
about their etymology, including the hypothesis of their Mongolian origin. In this context, the
following paper aims to discuss a possible lexical origin of the marker tas in Turkmen, focusing
on a special group of verbs of motion with the roots tas-/daz-/tis-. These verbs are of interest
since they contain information not only about direction of motion but also: a) information
about a manner of movement, b) judgment of the manner of movement, and c) information
about emotional state, such as fear.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Turkmen

value: avertive in Turkmen

value: modality

value: verbs of motion in Turkic

value: verbs of motion in Turkmen

value: Chuvash

value: Yakut

value: Khakas

value: grammaticalization in Turkic