dc.contributor.author

value: Dubrovskaya, Julia V.

value: Kosonogova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dubrovskaya J. V., Kozonogova E. V. (2021) The impact of digitalization on the demand for labor in the context of working specialties: Spatial analysis. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 37, iss. 3, pp. 395–412.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The spread of digital technologies, as well as the expansion of remote work practices, have a
direct impact on the transformation of the labor market. At the same time, there is no wellestablished
scholarly consensus about the nature and consequences of this influence. The key
premise of the article is that there are relatively few empirical studies on the labor market
that account for the influence of the location of regions relative to each other. This article
tests a hypothesis about the significance of location and neighborhood of territories on labor
demand in the context of economic digitalization, based on the calculation of coefficients of
demand localization for specialists of different profiles and methods of spatial econometrics.
The assessment is based on the evaluation of the registered unemployment rate heterogeneity
for municipalities in the Perm region of the Russian Federation, using the global and local
Moran’s indexes. The studies revealed a positive spatial autocorrelation among neighboring
municipalities that proved the high spatial heterogeneity of the registered unemployment rate.
Centers of localization and development of labor resources (“growth poles”) and territories
affected by spillover effects were also identified. This demonstrates that spatial inter-territorial
relations have a significant impact on the demand for labor, which makes it necessary to account
for spatial effects when modeling dynamics of employment indicators. The method of
labor market analysis based on the assessment of spatial heterogeneity of the unemployment
rate and the calculation of localization coefficients is universal and can be applied to various
taxonomic units.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 37; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: demand for labor

value: registered unemployment rate

value: Moran index

value: localization rates

value: digital economy

value: spatial heterogeneity

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Grøn, Ole

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grøn O. Seating Spaces in Scandinavian Mesolithic Dwellings. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 890–908.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The analysis of positioning patterns for individuals in Mesolithic dwellings presented here is
based, on the one hand, on ethnographic data on hunter-gatherer culture-specific patterns
for the placing of individuals in the dwelling space and, on the other, on observations in the
excavated archaeological record of repetition in the spatial organisation of small artefact concentrations,
hearths etc. in the well-preserved remains of Mesolithic dwellings. In addition to
the latter spatial organisational patterns, zones containing relatively low densities of debitage
have also, in a couple of cases, been seen to coincide with the proposed positions of individuals,
as indicated by the ‘positive’ activity indicators. It has been suggested that these so-called
‘seating spaces’ are indicative of the fact that individuals seated in a dwelling kept their seating
positions free of smaller pieces of waste. They possibly achieved this by sitting on some form
of underlay — a small mat of skin or bark — that could easily be cleaned off while they drew
to their seating positions larger pieces of debitage that were useful as tools for cutting, shaping
etc. Based on data from several well-documented Mesolithic sites, this paper investigates this
latter aspect further as a potentially independent way of checking the results of the first phase
of distribution analysis of the Mesolithic dwellings. In general, recent excavations incorporating
systematic recording of the flint debitage appear to produce meaningful results, while
earlier excavations, where this category was recorded in less detail — often just being counted
and discarded — tend not to.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: spatial analysis

value: ethnoarchaeology

value: Mesolithic archaeology

value: dwellings

value: stone age

value: hunter-gatherer

value: organizational symbolism

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Korzeb, Zbigniew

value: Niedziółka, Paweł

value: Pankou, Dzmitry A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korzeb Z., Niedziółka P., Pankou D. A. (2021) Capital markets and perceptions of sectoral sensitivity to COVID-19. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 37, iss. 3, pp. 474–488.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyzes the performance of industry sub-indices during the COVID-19 pandemic,
done on the basis of the evolution of rates of return for 247 industry indices from 15 European
countries in 2020. Differences between the achieved rates of return on industry and
the main stock indices in all examined countries were estimated. Additionally, the volatility of
individual sector indices over was calculated. This allows us to draw the following conclusions.
Firstly, investors considered tourism and the oil and gas and financial sectors to be among industries
most vulnerable to COVID-19. Secondly, the need to transfer business to the Internet
and to accelerate digital transformation are prerequisites for investors’ decisions to increase
the share of technology companies in their portfolios. On the other hand, growing uncertainty
is impacting the performance of providers of food and other necessities. Due to administrative
constraints put on tourism and passenger transport activities, demand for leisure goods
increased rapidly, which translated into results and quotations of the entities responsible for
their production. The pandemic crisis, contrary to symptoms observed in Q1 2020 and analysts’
expectations, did not adversely affect industrial production. Finally, in general, the behavior
of investors in the Russian market was similar to that of investors in other economies.
However, for the three sub-sectors, the reaction of investors was different.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 37; Issue 3

value: capital markets

value: sector risk


dc.contributor.author

value: Górak, Artur G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Górak A. G. Sex, Lies and Career. Piquant Motifs of the Lives of Russian Dignitaries. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 755–770.

dc.description.abstract

value:
On the eve of the World War I, the western peripheries of the Russian Empire were home to
diasporas of Russian officials, military men and their families. Being isolated from local communities
but at the same time highly hierarchically organised, they functioned solely within
their own circle. Everyone knew one another to the most intimate detail. Nevertheless, their
private lives often failed to meet the requirements imposed on the Russian officials residing
in the borderland, which was reflected in the reports of the gendarmerie and memoirs, but
silenced in the official documents of the institutions. Every once in a while, a lucky historian
happens to stumble upon an opportunity to look at the same event from different angles
through various types of sources. By presenting various cases of informal relations of Russian
dignitaries (governors and vice-governors) with women in the Kingdom of Poland, the article
analyses their impact on life and career. The author introduces the reader to characters of
three Russian officials, of middle ranking on the scale of empire and dignitaries in the local
hierarchy. The first, Mikhail Viktorovich Seletsky, the vice-governor of Lublin, despite his very
good education and qualifications, committed suicide as a result of unhappy love for the governor’s
daughter. The second, Ivan Dmitrievich Zaushkevich, the vice-governor of Sedlets, was
ruined by a scandal with his mistresses, Jewish sisters, by whom he had children. In contrast,
the third, Semyon Nikolaevich Korf, governor of Lomzhа and then Warsaw, despite his rather
licentious behavior, made a relatively good career, which was only temporarily stopped by his
stay in German captivity. The presented examples show the discrepancy between the official
image of a representative of power with a rather conservative ideology and their everyday life,
especially their sexual life. So, on the one hand, their way of life did not differ from the social
norms of the time, which were already quite free at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries,
especially on the western edge of the Empire. On the other hand, they were criticized by their
superiors and the political police.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

value: Russian Empire

value: Kingdom of Poland

value: bureaucracy

value: elites

value: mistress

value: Mikhail Viktorovich Seletskiy

value: Ivan Dmirievich Zaushkevich

value: Semen Nikolaevich Korf

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kontev, Arkadii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kontev A. V. The First Images of the Ob River on Western European Maps. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 971–989.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Martin Waldseemüller’s maps, published in 1507 and 1513 in Strasbourg, are the first maps to
bear the name of the new continent, America. They reveal the discovery of the New World by
Spanish and Portuguese navigators. None of the researchers, however, have noticed that the
same maps of North Asia (the area of present-day Western Siberia) for the first time show a
river flowing into the Arctic Ocean. The peculiarity of Western European cartographic sources
at the turn of the 15th–16th centuries lies in the fact that the reflection of the world picture was
based on the tradition of the geographer Claudius Ptolemy. The desire to publish the “New
Ptolemy” prompted the members of the Vosges Gymnasium, where Waldseemüller worked,
to combine traditional knowledge of the world with the latest geographical discoveries. The
article analyzes the content of Waldseemüller’s maps, provides a comparative analysis of the
maps that formed the basis for the creation of these images, and traces the borrowings of
data from the German cartographer by subsequent authors of the 16th century. As a result of
careful study of inscriptions and legends, the author concludes that the depiction of areas of
North Asia on the maps of the German cartographer dates back to the maps of Henry Martell
of 1489–1491. A large map of the world by this author is kept at Yale University, but many of
its inscriptions have faded or disappeared. The painstaking work of the American researcher
Chet van Duzer, who published a monograph on the map in 2019, gave researchers the opportunity
to examine the source carefully. The comparison between this map and an earlier
round map of Fra Mauro of 1459 suggested that Martell, in his turn, borrowed the image of the
North Asian river from this Venetian monk. Thus, the process of borrowing and clarifying the
information about the previously unknown river is traced. At the end of the article, the author
proves that European cartographers displayed the latest information about the Ob river, which
came from Russia.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: history of cartography

value: Western European maps

value: Western Siberia

value: Ob

value: Ptolemy


dc.contributor.author

value: Krasnozhenova, E. E.

value: Kulinok, S. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krasnozhenova E. E., Kulinok S. V. ‘Food Supply of Partisan Formations of Belarus During the Nazi Occupation (Based on the Materials of the Vitebsk Region)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 606–622.

dc.description.abstract

value:
During the Great Patriotic War, a massive and well-organized partisan movement developed on the
territory of the BSSR. In the conditions of struggle behind enemy lines, the material and technical (including food)
support for “forest soldiers” was of crucial importance for its quantitative and qualitative growth. The initial policy
of the Soviet government to maximize the self-sufficiency of partisan detachments at the expense of trophies and
food captured from the enemy was ineffective. With the creation of the Belarusian headquarters of the partisan
movement, as well as with the organization of partisan airfields and sites, the supply of food (primarily salt and
tobacco) became regular. The main source of food for the “forest soldiers” were products obtained during procurement
and economic operations from the civilian population. Because of the “food issue.” the attitude of the
local population to the partisans was not always positive. There were cases of abuses by the partisan leadership
during procurement operations, as well as cases of looting. The leading partisan and party bodies actively fought
against offenses among the partisans, but it was not possible to completely eradicate this phenomenon. At the
same time, in some cases partisans themselves distributed food and livestock to the civilian population. In some
detachments and brigades, small enterprises were organized that produced food products (creameries, small
slaughterhouses, bakeries, etc.). In general, during the occupation, the partisans managed to solve the issue of
food supply to one degree or another, which had a positive impact on the dynamics of growth in the number of
“forest soldiers” and on the combat and moral qualities of the personnel.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Belarusian Republican Foundation
for Fundamental Research, project no. 20-59-00004; no. G20R-287 “People and power: occupiers, collaborators
and partisans on the border territory of Belarus and North-West Russia in 1941–1944”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Belarus

value: Headquarters

value: Partisan Movement

value: Great Patriotic War

value: Vitebsk Region

value: Occupation

value: Civilian Population

value: Provision

value: Supplies

value: Food


dc.contributor.author

value: Malnach, A. D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malnach A. D. ‘Unpleasant Memories: Jasep Vitols during the First Years of the Soviet Power’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 623–637.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the relationship of Jazep Vitols, composer and professor at the Petrograd Conservatory,
with the Soviet regime during the first years of its existence in Russia and Latvia. The circumstances of his departure from revolutionary Petrograd in August 1918, which the composer believed to be a temporary
absence, are described in detail. At the same time, he allowed himself to get involved in the project of creating a
private “Latvian Opera” in Riga. Under this pretext, many Latvian musicians and artists were given the opportunity
to leave Soviet Russia, and Vitols also took advantage of this possibility. The composer had no personal conflicts
with the Soviet regime, but neither he did sympathize with it. He remained a man of conservative views and did not
want to change his usual bourgeois lifestyle. The hardships and inconveniences that arose during the revolution,
such as hunger and cold, he perceived as unbearable and associated them with the new government, be it in
Petrograd or in Riga. In turn, the Soviet government, represented by the governments of Soviet Russia and Soviet
Latvia (January — May 1919), did not see any obstacles to cooperation with the composer in the field of musical
education. The Bolshevik government of Soviet Latvia offered him to start organizing a higher music school in
Riga (a Conservatory) and, according to some reports, the composer accepted the offer and even proceeded
to take organizational measures. However, subsequently, publicly and in his memoirs, he denied the moment of
cooperation with the Soviet regime.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Jazep Vitols

value: composer

value: soviet power

value: Latvia

value: Petrograd

value: conservatory

value: Riga

value: Latvian Opera

value: revolution

value: independence

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhanbosinova, Albina S.

value: Zhandybayeva, Saule S.

value: Kazbekova, Ajnur T.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhanbosinova A. S., Zhandybayeva S. S., Kazbekova A. T. Ego-documents of the History of Political Terror in Kazakhstan. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 797–809.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Interdisciplinary approaches have expanded the research space of the history of political repression
of 1920–1950s. The surge of interest in documents of personal origin in the historiography
of the post-Soviet space led to an appeal to ego-documents — personal letters from
victims of political repression. The study is based on archival and investigative materials of
the Special State Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Introduction of narrative sources into the scholarship enables to hear the history of political
repression “from inside”, “from below”, to feel the psychology of terror. Letters to the authorities
touched upon a complex of problems related to the violation of socialist legality in the
field, especially in the period of political repression. The main message of the letters sent to
the first leaders of the Soviet state was the monstrosity of the accusation of Article 58 of the
Criminal Code of the RSFSR, the ridiculous mistake made by Soviet justice. The purpose of
the article is to reveal the cognitive potential of ego documents in articulating the history
of political repression. Based on the theoretical concepts of a linguistic, narrative turn, the
historical past of political repressions, represented by ego documents of victims of political
terror is constructed. A discursive assessment of the letter suggests its interpretation as a reconstruction
of the sociocultural memory of the tragic past that left a cultural trauma in the
family frame of memory. Each letter has its own power of power, the inner ‘I’ voices the daily
practices of political terror.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Kazakhstan

value: political repression

value: ego-documents

value: microhistory

value: narrative

value: historical memory


dc.contributor.author

value: Golitsyn, Yu. P.

value: Sokolov, A. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Golitsyn Yu. P., Sokolov A. S. ‘German Bank of Soviet Russia (Activity of the German-Volga Bank of Agricultural Credit in the 1920s)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 638–653.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The transition of Soviet Russia from “war communism” to a new economic policy required the restoration
of commodity-money exchange, the financial and tax system, credit and other market institutions. The
need for rapid recovery and development of all branches of the national economy predetermined a certain departure
from the “communist” views on banking and in the early 1920s. in the country, along with the State Bank,
special banks appeared. These banks, being under the control of the relevant economic commissariats, ensured
the implementation of the necessary financial and credit policy in this branch of the national economy. The article
examines the activity of the German-Volga Agricultural Credit Bank in the ASSR of the Volga Germans during the
period of the new economic policy. Special attention is paid to the bank’s issuance of a bond loan intended for
placement, primarily on the foreign market. The bank bonds were supposed to be placed in Germany and among
the German diasporas of the United States and Latin America. The article analyzes the activities of Nemvolbank
in attracting foreign currency funds. The source base was the documents stored in the Russian State Archive of
Economics in the funds of the Ministry of Finance of the USSR and the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the USSR: correspondence between the leadership of the ASSR of the Volga Germans about the issue of the loan and the
terms of its placement, Regulations on the issue of bonds, etc. The role of the bank in the development of Soviet-
German financial and economic relations within the framework of the diplomatic rapprochement of the two
countries is traced. Shown activity Newalliance for the return of German colonists, immigrants back in the Volga
region. It is concluded that the German-Volga Bank conducted quite active foreign trade activities.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 3

value: loan bonds

value: foreign loans

value: state debt

value: agricultural bank

value: concessions

value: Volga Germans


dc.contributor.author

value: Năstăsoiu, Dragoş Gh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Năstăsoiu D. Gh. Royal Saints, Artistic Patronage, and Self-representation among Hungarian Noblemen. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 810– 827.

dc.description.abstract

value:
During the 1401–1403 political crisis in the Kingdom of Hungary, the magnates who were
hostile to the ruling King Sigismund of Luxemburg and supported instead the Angevin King
Ladislas of Naples deployed a wide range of propaganda tools for proving the legitimacy of
their political cause. In a previous study published in this journal (Vestnik of SPbSU. History,
2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 179–192), I have focused on the Hungarian noblemen’s anti-royal propaganda through the utilizing of political and spiritual symbols (i. e., the Holy
Crown of Hungary and the cult, relics, and visual representations of St. Ladislas), symbolic
actions (coronations and oath-swearing on holy relics), and heraldic self-representation (the
Árpádian double cross). The present study approaches the same topic of anti-royal propaganda
in the troubled political context of the early 15th century, but from the perspective of the
elites’ self-representation strategies via the cult of Hungarian royal saints, artistic patronage,
and heraldic self-representation. The two leaders of the anti-royal movement, Archbishop of
Esztergom John Kanizsai and Palatine of Hungary Detre Bebek, repeatedly commissioned
works of art (i.e., seals, stained-glass windows, and wall paintings) which featured prominently
the images of the three Holy Kings of Hungary (Sts Stephen, Emeric, and Ladislas)
or displayed the realm’s coat of arms (the Árpádian two-barred cross). The reliance of John
Kanizsai and Detre Bebek on the cults and images of the patron saints of the country blended
harmoniously the commissioners’ personal piety with their political ambitions. In the context
of the early-15th century political crisis, the appropriation of the ideal figures of the sancti reges
Hungariae became the driving force behind the Hungarian noblemen’s political cause.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The results of the project “Models of Representation of the Past in the Middle Ages and Early Modern
Period” carried out within the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University
Higher School of Economics (HSE) in 2019 are presented in this work.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

value: St. Ladislas

value: sancti reges Hungariae

value: medieval Hungary

value: cult of royal saints

value: medieval seals

value: medieval mural painting

value: heraldry

value: elite self-representation

value: anti-royal propaganda

value: Hungarian political crisis of 1401–1403

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Poliakov, Andrei V.

value: Svyatko, Svetlana

dc.identifier.citation

value: Poliakov A. V., Svyatko S. Modern Data on the Bronze Age Radiocarbon Chronology in the Minusinsk Basins. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 934–949.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In 2009, the first radiocarbon chronology of the Bronze Age and Scythian period of the Minusinsk
Basins was published, which laid foundation for a system analysis of further results.
Over the past decade, the total number of radiocarbon definitions has further increased by
almost a quarter. The most important changes have affected the chronological frames of
Afanasyeva Culture. A vast series of new AMS dates obtained from the Altai Mountains sites
showed that a significant number of the earlier age estimates erroneously suggested the sites
to be considerably older. This phenomenon probably affected the Minusinsk Basins as well.
The new dates shifted the boundaries of the Afanasyeva Culture in the Middle Yenisei Region
to the 30th–25th c. BC, and the timing of the earliest Okunev Culture burials to the end of the
26th c. BC rather than the beginning of the 25th c. BC. This suggests a 100-year period of coexistence
of the Afanasyeva and Okunev Cultures. Moreover, the new dates filled the “hiatus”
between the end of the Okunev and beginning of the Andronovo Culture, discussed in 2009.
The end of the Okunev can now be attributed to the 17th c. BC. The new dates fully confirm the
narrow chronology of the Andronovo (Fedorov) Culture on the Middle Yenisei — 17th–15th c.
BC. Minor changes are seen at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age in the Minusinsk Basins,
previously called the Karasuk Culture. The new determinations suggest the end of the 15th c.
BC as the beginning of this period, which is somewhat older than previously thought. The end
of the Bronze Age is still dated to the end of the 9th c. BC.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out within the framework of the Basic Scientific Research of the State Academies
of Sciences, state assignment No. 0160-2020-0002 “The ancient history of the Sayan-Altai uplands from the
Bronze Age to the Middle Ages: chronology and cross-cultural interaction”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Minusinsk Basins

value: Bronze Age

value: radiocarbon chronology

value: Afanasyeva Culture

value: Okunev Culture

value: Andronovo (Fedorov) Culture

value: Late Bronze Age


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozova, Olga M.

value: Troshina, Tatyana I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozova O. M., Troshina T. I. Bodies of Transitional Power at the Final Stage of the Civil War. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 771–796.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is grounded on the research based on a large set of documents stored in the central
and regional archives of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries. The authors have
formulated a research question concerning identification of the common features in the process
of restoration of the Soviet power on the outskirts of the country during the last stage of
the Civil War. The article draws on the material spanning a short period between the retreat
of the whites (in the territory of Arkhangelsk province, the Don and Tersk regions, Kuban,
Dagestan) and liquidation of governing bodies of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and
entrance of the Red Army units. If before January-February 1920, the “whites” retreated with
battles, then a preventive retreat ensued, and a regime of interstate power was established in
the territory they left behind. The article reveals two scenarios on the eve of the reunification
of the peripheral territories with the central Bolshevik power. It was quite rare that the area
was abandoned without power and order. Usually, the consolidated democratic society either
intercepted power from the weakened hands of the white administration or took over the reins
of power from the command of the withdrawing White army in an organized manner. Temporary
transitional authorities usually included representatives of socialist parties, non-partisan
public, and trade unions. But in practice, this process had a distinct regional specificity influenced
by the local palette of political forces, in the configuration that had developed before the
Civil War. This phenomenon was very poorly reflected in the synchronous historical sources,
so along with such miraculously preserved separate documents, personal evidence collected
during the early Soviet memorial campaigns formed the basis for the study.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (science
project number 19-09-00115 “The Socio-political dialogue in post-February and post-October Russia
(1917–1918): the trends, the mechanism and the regional features”, Project Manager — Razinkov Mikhail).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Interim Committees

value: multi-party system

value: Arkhangelsk province

value: Don region

value: Kuban region

value: Tersk region

value: Eastern Transcaucasia


dc.contributor.author

value: Balаchеnkova, Alеksаndra P.

value: Lyаkhovitskii, Evgenii A.

value: Tsуpkin, Denis O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Balachenkova A. P., Lyakhovitskii E. A., Tsypkin D. O. Problems and Prospects of Application of Multispectral Imaging in the Manuscript Studies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 950–970.

dc.description.abstract

value:
By the beginning of the 21st century, digital multispectral and hyperspectral visualization has
become one of the key components of the systematic study of historical manuscripts. Over
the past twenty years, a significant amount of research with the application if this method has
been carried out; therefore, the authors of this article have considered it necessary to reflect
on the current situation in the field of application of multispectral visualization methods and
to provide an overview of the most representative projects. It has been established that among
the permanently operating foreign scientific institutions which use multispectral imaging
methods, the most productive are the Center for the Study of Manuscript Cultures of the University
of Hamburg, Centre of Image and Material Analysis in Cultural Heritage (Austria), and
the Research Department of the Bodleian Library (Oxford). Among the temporary projects,
studies related to the complex examination of palimpsests as well as to the evaluation of the
state of the text carrier have been singled out since they had a significant impact on the development of multispectral visualization at the methodological and technical levels. The review
provides characteristics of the equipment used for multispectral imaging; discusses the relationship
between methods and specific research tasks. It is stated that nowadays multispectral
visualization has become a routine technique in solving utilitarian tasks. The following
directions have been distinguished as the most promising for the development of the research
potential of this method: 1) analysis of the spectral behavior of the substance in determining
the composition of the dye; 2) analysis of the spectral behavior of the text made with different
inks, including the research related to the study of writing skills; 3) control of the state and
dynamics of processes of the carrier.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
within the framework of the scientific project “Spectrosonal visualization in the study of written monuments:
Problems and prospects” No. 19-111-50470.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: manuscript studies

value: multispectral imaging

value: hyperspectral imaging

value: infrared reflectography

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vishnyatsky, Leonid B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vishnyatsky L. B. The Origins of Homo Bellicosus (Armed Violence and Warfare in the Stone Age). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 845–866.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the present paper is to provide a review and analysis of the main archaeological
and paleoanthropological markers of armed violence in the period from the emergence of the
first stone tools (Lower Paleolithic, ca. 3 mya) to the appearance of metalworking (Eneolithic,
ca. 5 kya). This evidence is then used as a basis for assessing the dynamics of armed violence
on the chronological scale. Until now this subject has received little attention in the Russian
scholarship (in contrast to the Western one). Empirically, the paper is focused on the materials
from three Old World continents: Africa, Europe and Asia. Particular attention is given to the
Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic human skeletal remains bearing the marks of traumas inflicted
by weapons, including bones with embedded projectiles. The available evidence makes
it possible to try to ascertain the main shifts in the historical dynamics of armed violence
during the Stone Age. Its role appears to have substantially increased at least twice: first, at
the turn of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic and, second, in the Late Neolithic / Early Eneolithic,
that is at the turn of the Stone Age and Early Metal Period. It was exactly during this period
that Homo bellicosus for the first time enters the arena of history not as an occasional and
secondary actor, but as the main cast. Material and ideological changes and novelties serving
to and associated with armed violence and warfare, that can be observed from the end of the
Neolithic, are clearly indicative of the process of militarization of culture.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number
20-19-50131 “The origin of Homo bellicosus (armed violence and warfare in the Stone Age)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Stone Age

value: Old World

value: armed violence

value: warfare


dc.contributor.author

value: Baryshnikov, Vladimir N.

value: Borisenko, Victor N.

value: Plenkov, Oleg Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baryshnikov V. N., Borisenko V. N., Plenkov O. Yu. Cultural Results of the Youth Revolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 1012–1026.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review of the book “The Long ‘68: Radical Protest and its Enemies” by R. Vainen analyzes
the contribution made by the author to the study of the problems of social disturbances in the
West in 1968 and their further consequences. R. Vainen rightly points out that what happened
can be likened to a world revolution — similarly to the revolution of 1848 in Europe. The
author also does not hide his sympathies and dislikes, taking a very clear political position,
although some of his assessments and emphasis (in particular, the arbitrary exclusion of Italy
and Japan from the analysis) may cause objections. In addition, the author was well aware
that the youth of “68” believed that the West was to blame for the troubles of the third world
countries. This meant that developing countries should, first, “be left alone” with complete
freedom of choice, and, secondly, they should be given means for economic development. Of
course, the reader may not share the concept presented in the study of the English professor,
but in any case it is of interest. Also, Vainen’s analysis of the prospects of the “long” 1968 might
be corrected: it seems that these prospects can be extended to the position and indoctrination
of the “new right” both in the United States and in other countries. But in general, Richard
Vainen is right regarding 1968 as the touchstone of the most acute ideological struggle, which
provided the world with new role models and inspiration.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research according to the research
project № 19-09-00383 “The phenomenon of counter-revolution in history: a comparative analysis of
post-revolutionary practice in Europe in Modern and contemporary history”.

value: “revolution” of 1968

value: “new left”

value: civil rights movement

value: protests against the Vietnam War

value: student movement

value: youth subculture

value: sexual revolution and its consequences

value: the Americanization of Europe


dc.contributor.author

value: Pitulko, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pitulko V. V. Cultural Layer in the Stone Age Sites of Northeastern Siberia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 867–889.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The phenomenon of the cultural layer is a fundamental concept of archaeology and the main
object of study in the practice of field research. Despite this, its definition, surprisingly, still
remains undeveloped. The widely known classical definition leaves many important questions
unanswered. Thus, what about the horizon, formed in the past by redeposition of material,
especially if this is not obvious? Can the bone-bearing horizon (for example, bone deposit of
the mammoth “graveyard”) definitely human-created but lacking (completely or almost completely)
of formal artifacts be regarded as a cultural layer? What about areas of primary archaeological
contexts, the elements of which retain their original structure and interconnection,
but have lost their original spatial position along with the block of matrix sediments? In similar
cases, except for burial structures, the concept of culture-bearing deposits, representing a
specific geological formation, will be much more universal. Then culture-bearing deposits are
deposits locally enriched with traces of past human activities (artifacts, technological waste,
biological remains, structures, i. e., cultural remains sensu lato) as a result of the transfer and
accumulation of matter in the process of lithogenesis. It should be emphasized that up to 65 %
of the territory of Russia is the permafrost area, while that of the former permafrost zone was
significantly larger and included currently unfrozen areas. The culture-bearing deposits of the
Stone Age sites of the Late Pleistocene age represented in these regions undoubtedly experienced
the impact of cryogenic processes. The study of the Stone Age sites in Eastern Siberia
provides the richest opportunities and material for the development of this issue.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The author would like to
acknowledge the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 16-18-10265P RNF and 21-18-00457 RNF) for
the support of the new cycle of research into the ancient past of the Russian Eastern Siberian Arctic.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

value: culture-bearing deposits

value: Stone Age

value: Upper Palaeolithic

value: Arctic

value: permafrost

value: site formation process

value: deposition

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Grishin, Evgeniy S.

value: Kanishchev, Valery V.

value: Kunavin, Konstantin S.

value: Lyamin, Sergey K.

value: Zhukov, Dmitry S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grishin E. S., Kanishchev V. V., Kunavin K. S., Lyamin S. K., Zhukov D. S. Studying the Social History of a Russian Microregion, Based on Historical Maps and Aerial Survey. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 990–1011.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study focused on a Russian agrarian microregion (12.5 km2) situated in a forest steppe
area (in Tambov Oblast) during the 18th–19th centuries. The research illuminates the mechanisms, patterns, and impact that the environment has on social processes, and vice versa —
the human impact on the environment (and particularly on landscape). The authors created
a geographic information system which they used to compare the results of aerial survey and
satellite imagery, with historical maps and other sources, including archival documents. Morphological
anomalies were identified on an orthophotomap, and then interpreted. The conclusions
of the research concern the nature of interaction between the agrarian society and
the environment. Settlement in the plains of the forest steppe was heavily dependent on the
water regime, which directly affected the condition and dynamics of communication routes
and economic infrastructure. The vanished settlement found in this study is an example of
such an effect: it grew up along a road and was abandoned when the areas through which the
road ran were waterlogged. Plain rivers can alter the surrounding landscape quite drastically
over relatively short historical periods, and are themselves subject to anthropogenic influence.
Changes in living conditions and economic management led to variability in settlement patterns
and land use. This can be seen especially well in the lowland, where such schemes were
predominantly temporary. The processing of Earth remote sensing data makes it possible to
fill gaps in sources and discover new evidence of the past.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-18-00322 “A comparative-
historical study of anthropogenic landscapes in different regions by means of unmanned aerial vehicles
(Tambov region and Udmurtia, mid-18th — early 20th centuries)”.

dc.subject

value: history

value: microregion

value: agrarian society

value: environment

value: historical maps

value: Earth remote sensing


dc.contributor.author

value: Blokhin, Valeriy F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Blokhin V. F. Collective Political Portrait of Landlords of the Oryol Province. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 718–741.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Within the previous work during the launch of the project “Implementation of the reform from
February 19, 1861 in the Oryol province (experience of computer analysis of mass sources)” the
topics touched upon were not only the ones which were based on the analysis of mass sources,
but also some scenarios related to the aspects of the socio-economic situation in the region
were developed. The work was continued, and some observations made during the preliminary
study are given in the presented article. The key point here is the discussion of problems related
to the “determination of the grounds” for the development of the position of the provincial nobility
with regards to existing at that time correlation of interests between the supreme power,
bureaucratic reformers and landowners. The author attempts to outline a collective portrait
of the representatives of the landowning and agrarian-industrial local nobility of the Oryol
province. This period in question was the peak of the political activity of the local nobility, a
time when subjective and personal factors in the preparation of the peasant reform were fully
manifested. The representatives of the Oryol nobility had different motives that determined
their attitude to the upcoming abolition of serfdom. The study of a wide variety of differences
in the views of the local nobility, the analysis of the factors that determined their views in these
conditions, will help broaden the understanding of the foundations of the upcoming transformations
and the level of historical responsibility of the main estate of the country.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Oryol province

value: provincial nobility

value: landowners

value: “liberal bureaucracy”

value: abolition of serfdom in Russia

value: noble opposition


dc.contributor.author

value: Dvornichenko, Andrey Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dvornichenko А. Yu. Historical Science and Petersburg Historian Froianov. Part 2. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 677–698.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the scholarly work of the prominent Russian historian Igor Iakovlevich
Froianov who died last December. He is a brilliant representative of the Petersburg Historical
School, and first and foremost — a well-known specialist in the history of so called Kievan
Rus. He created a complex concept of the “obcshinno-vechevaia” civilization of Old Rus. His
concept is ultimately comprehensive because he studied in consecutive order practically all
sides of such a phenomenon as Kievan Rus: economy, political life, social struggle, culture.
His concept emerged in confrontation with the prevalent Soviet vision of this history, and at
the same time from the very beginning it became a creative continuation and development
of pre-revolution historiography. He also devoted several interesting and important works to
the period of Moscow Rus, particularly to the process of formation of the Russian monarchy.
These works made an excellent foundation for the new original view of this epoch of the Russian
history, different from other concepts. Froianov’s legacy is divided into two parts: before
and after the middle of the 1990s when so called “perestroika” took place in the USSR. On the
one hand, he continued to study the old time. On the other hand, a number of his later works
are devoted to the history of Russian revolution (1917) and to the above-mentioned “perestroika”.
These works are closely connected with a publicistic genre which captivated him in
those years. However, it is to a certain extent a continuation of his previous interests as these
works are dedicated to the same Russian-Orthodox Civilization.

dc.subject

value: I. Ya. Froianov

value: Kievan Russia

value: Moscow Rus

value: “October of 1917”

value: “Submersion in the abyss”

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Krivonozhenko, Alexander F.

value: Zakharova, Ekaterina V.

value: Litvin, Yulia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krivonozhenko A. F., Zakharova E. V., Litvin Yu. V. Grinding Mills in the Life of the Russian Peasantry of the Post-Reform Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 699–717.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Grinding mills were a routine attribute of the economic life of the peasantry, being an indispensable
stage in the process of making bread. Yet these structures are hardly ever specifically
researched by historians and anthropologists. This paper examines the socio-economic role
of mills in the life of peasants of the early 20th century in Karelia. The study is based on the
analysis of archival statistical data from the agricultural census of 1916 as well as on ethnographical
and toponymical materials, which allows for a comprehensive examination of the
object. The study has identified the number of mills in Karelia at the beginning of the 20th
century. It also analyses the conditions that contributed to the effectiveness of functioning of
these peasant farm buildings. It has been found that the mill craft in Karelia was the second
(after blacksmithing) small-scale peasant production in terms of its economic benefit. At the
same time, this type of economic activity was not the main source of income in those farms
where they existed. The miller remained primarily a peasant farmer, but the level of prosperity
of his economy was higher than that of other peasants. The sources used for the research
have also enabled to trace the negative effects of crises in agriculture in Karelia during World
War I on the flour milling business. A special attention in the paper is devoted to the mythological
worldview of peasants. The analysis of the corpus of Karelian- and Russian-language toponymic data has confirmed the important role of grinding mills in the setup of the region’s
peasant economy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out within the state commission by the Karelian Research Centre of the
Russian Academy of Sciences.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Karelia

value: the Olonets province

value: watermill

value: windmill

value: peasantry

value: sociocultural anthropology

value: toponymy


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov A. A. Women’s Issue in the Worldview of the Russian Right-wingers in the Late Imperial Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 742–754.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper addresses and analyzes the attitude towards women and the question of women’s
rights of the Russian right-wing politicians in the early 20th century. The paper demonstrates
the views of the right-wingers on the place of women in the Russian society; their attitude
toward feminism and fight for women’ rights; place and role of women in the right monarchical
movement. The paper introduces some new sources into the scholarship which enable to
reconsider conventional viewpoints on the attitude of rightists toward the question of women’s
rights and to enhance the perception of the place of this question in ideology and practice of
the pre-revolutionary Russian conservatism. Based on church and patriarchal convictions,
the right-wingers largely limited women’s activities by family life, but their views on the issue
of women’s rights did not rule out progress in this area. Right-wingers were not opposed to
extension of women’s participation in labor activity, albeit with significant reservations. Being
foes of feminism and emancipation of women, they tried to shapre a negative image of women’s
rights activists, connecting this fight with the revolutionary attacks on traditional social
foundations and statehood. At the same time, the right-wingers were utterly alien to misogyny;
they celebrated an ideal of womanhood corresponding to their conservative worldview.
The right-wingers willingly admitted women into their unions, but tended to perceive them
not as party activists and leaders but as a force that would quell political tension inside the monarchical
movement and would primarily deal with issues of culture, philanthropy, education,
and other “womanish” matters.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number
20-09-00105 “Political parties in Russia at the beginning of the XX century”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 3

value: women’s question

value: feminism

value: gender history

value: Russian right

value: Black Hundreds

value: nationalists

value: right-wing parties

value: conservatism

value: Russian Empire


dc.contributor.author

value: Banaszkiewicz, Mikolaj

dc.identifier.citation

value: Banaszkiewicz M. Ladislaus Jagiello in Modern Polish Culture. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 3, рp. 828–844.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with Polish representations of Władysław II Jagiełło, Grand Duke of Lithuania,
ruler of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom, founder of the Jagiellonian dynasty. Research
on representations of the past has become one of the main fields of memory studies in recent
years. They allow us to look at historical events and their emblematic protagonists through the
prism of their successive emanations. The kaleidoscope of images of the past reflects changes
in social awareness and collective memory of a given political community. Jagiełło and the
Battle of Grunwald (1410), which is inseparably associated with his reign, offer a model case in
point. Among the numerous representations of Jagiełło, those created in the nineteenth century
have made a lasting impression. At first, they took the form of literary works and paintings,
and only later did they appear in political journalism and historiography. With time, they
transmogrified into grass-roots commemorative initiatives, the most spectacular manifestation
of which was the jubilee of the 500th anniversary of the Battle of Grunwald, celebrated in
Kraków in 1910. The works of Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, Henryk Sienkiewicz and Jan Matejko
fulfilled their role and became part of the canon, on which the Polish imagination depended
from then on, regardless of the changing political configurations. In this way, Jagiełło became
one of the most important figures in the pantheon of rulers, while the distant historical experience
of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was permanently grafted onto and modelled
the Polish political imagination. This observation is also confirmed by his twentieth-century
portrayals in Polish films and historical series.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 19-18-00073 “National
Identity in the Imperial Politics of Memory: History of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-
Lithuanian State in Historiography and Social Thought of the 19th — 20th Centuries”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Ladislaus II of Poland

value: Battle of Grunwald

value: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

value: Teutonic Order

value: representations

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Magadeev, I. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Magadeev I. E. ‘Searching for the “Strong Hand”: The Revolutionary Crisis in Russia in 1917 and the French Assessments on its Termination’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 576–588.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores how French diplomatic and military representatives in Russia perceived the growing
revolutionary crisis of 1917 and what means they proposed to terminate it. Though the French perceptions of
the Russian revolution are rather well researched, scholars paid attention chiefly to French estimates linked to
the international and strategic situation of Russia and not to the interior processes in this country. Exploring these
questions allows us to widen our understanding of the international context of the Russian revolution and to throw
new light on the events of 1917 through the lens of French perceptions. This article is based on the underresearched
documents from the Diplomatic archives of the French Foreign Ministry and from the National Archives of
France. After having analyzed dispatches of French diplomats and military representatives in Russia during 1917,
the author discerns two interlinked tendencies of these observers. First, they notice growing disorganization and
“anarchy” in Russia; second, they tried to find and to support political forces in Russia that were capable of restoring
“order” and to continue the fight in the war. However, inside this conceptual “frame” there were significant
controversies. Conservative French diplomats and the military initially put their hopes in Alexander Kerensky and
then in General Lavr Kornilov. After being disappointed in both, they tried to restore “discipline” and to conserve
the Eastern front by external forces. Left French observers initially had more enthusiasm for the February revolution
and even after the evaporation of these hopes warned Paris not to support counterrevolutionary forces in
Russia. In many aspects, discussions about Russian policy of France in 1917 foreshadowed the dilemmas in the
relations of Paris with “Reds” and “Whites” during the intervention and the Civil war.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: Russian Revolution

value: France

value: Entente

value: Janin

value: Thomas

value: Sadoul


dc.contributor.author

value: Bekkin, R. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bekkin R. I. ‘The Petition Campaign of the Muslims of Leningrad on the Return of the Cathedral Mosque in 1946–1955’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 755–775.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the petition campaign for the return of the Cathedral Mosque, organized by the
Muslims of Leningrad in the second half of the 1940s and the first half of the 1950s. The campaign represents an
example of a human rights activity (albeit in a limited sphere, for securing freedom of conscience), and should
be taken into account when studying the history of the human and civil rights movement in the USSR. The language
and argumentation used by authors of the petitions are analyzed. The article examines the religious life of
Leningrad Muslims outside of the mosque (in particular, the holding of festive services at the Tatar cemetery in
the village of Volkova). The article touches upon the problem of historical memory. The memories of the struggle
for permission to build a mosque in St. Petersburg in tsarist times, preserved among Leningrad Muslims, were
taken into account by officials when deciding whether to return this religious building to believers in the 1950s. The
problem of returning the mosque is considered in the context of changes in the confessional policy of the country’s
leadership. The article demonstrates the role of such a body as the Council for Religious Affairs under the
Council of Ministers of the USSR touches upon this role in resolving issues of returning religious buildings to believers
in the post-war period. Particular attention is paid to the relations within the Leningrad Muslim community.
On the example of the conflict between imam-khatib Abdulbari N. Isaev and Chairman of the twenty (dvadtsatka)
Usman Bogdanov, the author examines the system of power relations within religious communities in the USSR
in the postwar period. In particular, the article mentions the narrative that Bogdanov proposed to subordinate
dvadtsatka directly to the Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs in the Leningrad Region.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Leningrad

value: Cathedral Mosque

value: dvadtsatka

value: Tatars

value: Council for the affairs of religious cults

value: Islam

value: USSR


dc.contributor.author

value: Kometchikov, I. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kometchikov I. V. ‘The Affair of the First Secretary of the Kaluga Regional Committee of the VKP(b): A Look at the Social Capital of the Kaluga Regional Leadership, 1944–1948’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 723–737.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the demotion of the first secretary of I. Popov, the Kaluga regional committee of
the CPSU. We examined records of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR,
the Kaluga regional committee of the CPSU, and other regional authorities and recollections and letters of regional
leaders. Based on that research, we analyzed the business and personal relations I. Popov had over the
course of his almost three-year work in Kaluga, the level of distrust among Kaluga officials, sanctions for misconduct
common in the bureaucratic sphere — that is, the overall state of social capital of the bureaucracy in Kaluga.
Popov had been sent to the newly created Kaluga region after working as the Chair of the regional executive
committee of Chkalovsk and at the Personnel Management Office. He failed to employ horizontal communication
in the nascent Kaluga management to successfully restore the region’s economy. Popov constantly slighted
key leaders of the regional administration, which prevented them from forming a trusting relationship and finding
common ground when it came to the “style of managing” the region. This approach resulted in a high turnover rate
of officials, the employment of extreme measures, the falsification of documents and misrepresentation which were considered the main factors impeding the development of the region by both Kaluga officials and the Central
Committee of the CPSU. Popov gained quite a negative reputation in the Kaluga social circles by turning to
favoritism and other tactics to illegally multiply his wealth. In the end he was discredited and demoted from the
post of the first secretary of the Kaluga regional committee of the CPSU.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Kaluga

value: Regional Committee

value: CPSU

value: social capital

value: bureaucracy

value: capitalization

value: Soviet and party nomenclature

value: class structure

value: Soviet society

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vershinin, A. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vershinin A. A. ‘USSR and the Red Army through the Eyes of the French Military Attaché E. Mendras (1933–1934)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 686–704.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article, largely based on new documents from Russian and French archives, examines an important
aspect of Franco-Soviet relations on the eve of the Second World War: the interaction between the militaries of
the two countries. The question of cooperation between the two armies was raised immediately after the signing
of the Franco-Soviet non-aggression pact in 1932. The following year, the first French military attaché, E. Mendras, arrived in Moscow. A proponent of the revival of the Franco-Russian alliance, he explored Soviet reality
to determine the real potential of the USSR as a possible ally. Despite a number of shortcomings of the Soviet
socio-political system, Mendras came to the conclusion that the political regime in the country was quite stable,
and its armed forces had the necessary resources to conduct a European war. At the same time, he questioned
Moscow’s foreign policy goals and was critical of Soviet ideology as a factor in political decision-making. At first,
the military attaché recommended that the French leadership enhance the alliance with the USSR. However, his
attitude gradually changed against the background of a lack of complete mutual understanding with the Soviets
and contradictions on the issue of rapprochement with Moscow, which cleaved the military-political leadership
in Paris. In 1934, Mendras was skeptical about the prospects for cooperation with the USSR. This turn, in many
ways, reflects a general change in the vector in Soviet-French relations in the mid-1930s, which led to their deterioration
on the eve of the Second World War.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 20-78-10014.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Second World War

value: Red army

value: French army

value: Edmond Mendras

value: non-aggression pact

value: treaty of mutual assistance

value: France


dc.contributor.author

value: Rogov, Mikhail A.

value: Savelieva, Julia N.

value: Shurekova, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rogov, M. A., Savelieva, Ju. N., Shurekova, O. V. (2021). Biostratigraphy of Upper Jurassic of the Valy clay pit (Samarskaya Luka) by ammonites, ostracods and dinocysts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (3), 510–532.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents results of a comprehensive biostratigraphic study of Upper Jurassic deposits
of the clay pit near the village of Valy (Syzran district, Samara region). For the first
time, a bed-by-bed description was made as well as a subdivision of the section into zones,
subzones and biohorizons based on ammonites was established. Bauhini and Kitchini zones
(Bayi subzone) are established in the Lower Kimeridgian, while the Upper Kimmeridgian
is represented only by the Autissiodorensis zone. In the Lower Volgian, the Sokolovi
and Pseudoscythica zones were recognized, while the Middle Volgian is represented by the Panderi zone. The age of the regionally developed unconformity at the base of the Trazovo
Formation has been clarified. As in the sections located to the south of the studied section,
this unconformity is located at the base of the Autissiodorensis zone, overlying different horizons
of the Oxfordian and lower Kimmeridgian. For the first time for the Kimmeridgian of
Central Russia in the marlstone band of the Kitchini zone (bayi biohorizon), solitary corals
conditionally attributed to the genus Trochocyathus were found. Along with corals, other
warm-water taxa (belemnites Hibolithes, rare ammonites Taramelliceras) were found in the
same bed, suggesting deposition of this bed during the short-time warming event. 6 biostratigraphic
units (zone and beds with fauna) were recognized by ostracods, along with
2 dinocyst-based units (assemblage and zone) which are compared with the stratigraphic
subdivisions for these groups, previously proposed for the Kimeridgian and Volgian stages
of the Russian Platform. The paleo-ecological analysis makes it possible to assume that
sediments have accumulated in the warm shallow eutrophic basin with depths up to 50 m,
with a gradual increase of eutrophy over time. At some levels, short-term episodes of severe
shallowing or freshening are recorded by ostracods.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 3

value: biostratigraphy

value: ammonites

value: ostracods

value: dinocysts

value: Oxfordian

value: Kimmeridgian

value: Volgian

value: Samara region


dc.contributor.author

value: Pushkareva, N. L.

value: Zhidchenko, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pushkareva N. L., Zhidchenko A. V. ‘Soviet Women in the Years of the “Khrushchev’s Thaw” in English Language Publications’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 776–791.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article assesses the results of studies of everyday lives of Soviet women in the 1950s–1960s in
Anglo-American historiography, in which a problematic field has developed with its own boundaries, plots and
search tasks, and a well-established range of sources. The peculiarity of Western scholars’ views of this issue
were of considerable importance for biographical interviews, the stories of women who remember that time. (In
contrast to Russian historiography, foreign scholars used an anthropological approach to study women’s history
much earlier.) The authors define more clearly the successes of foreign scholars in the study of Soviet women’s
history in the 1960s, as well as controversial assessments and prospects. Considered chronologically and sequentially,
the assessments of Soviet life in the publications of English-speaking scholars revealed their strong
dependence on the American model of everyday life for the corresponding period. The consumption system and
social protection of the population, which grew sharply after the Second World War in Western countries, became
the ideal that guided these scholars during the entire second half of the twentieth century. In such a comparison,
Soviet women’s lives in conditions of constant deficits of goods and services, as well as other problems and
shortcomings of the Soviet economic model, always seemed to be a losing battle. In the 2000s, this ideal model
of American everyday life, with which scholars did not directly compare women’s everyday lives in the USSR, but
which between the lines manifested itself as a standard, turned out to be somewhat squeezed by the desire to
positively evaluate the achievements of Soviet social policy and the gains that it provided for women.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by Programm of Research & Scientific Work of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology
of Russian Academy of Sciences, Program “Ethnocultural Diversity of Russian Society and Strengthening
the All-Russian Identity”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 3

value: everyday life

value: women’s history

value: gender approach

value: Khrushchev

value: thaw

value: USSR

value: Cold War

value: consumption

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Panov, S. I.

value: Panova, O. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Panov S. I., Panova O. Yu. ‘Soviet Publishers and Readers of French Literature, Late 1920s – 1930s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 738–754.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Soviet images of French literature are often reduced to the Stalinist canon of the late 1930s that comprised
classical literature, including “modern classics,” like Romaine Rolland or Anatole France; and Communist
and leftist writers selected as ideologically and aesthetically suitable for the Soviet reading audience, such as
Henri Barbusse, Paul Vaillant Couturier, and others. This stereotype being partially true suggests, however, a simplistic
and flattened view of the Soviet reception of French literature. It should be noted that even in the late 1930s
there existed a certain amount of diversity in the choice of French authors; for example, International Literature
magazine from time to time published ideological opponents like Pierre Drieu la Rochelle or Henry de Montherlant.
As for the 1920s, in the course of the New Economic Policy both state and private publishing companies
offered a wide and varied range of writers and books that included classics, “proletarian” and “revolutionary”
authors along with adventure fiction, love stories, and “colonial novels,” easy reading, “decadent,” conservative,
and “reactionary” writers. The paper traces transformations of publishing policy during the pivotal years of late
1920s and early 1930s, the period of the “Great Turn” in Soviet society, marked by processes of centralization,
total state control, and tightening of censorship. Archival documents allow us to analyze the role of Soviet intellectuals
(literary critics, reviewers, editors, publishers) in the elaborating of new guidelines and implementing new
practices in publishing policy and organizing readers feedback. A collection of readers’ letters of the mid-thirties,
stored in the archival funds of GIKHL (State Publishing House of Fiction), documents the process of the making
of the Soviet reader and shows a range of readers’ opinions and attitudes to French writers and their works at the
early stage of Stalinist canon forming.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: France

value: literary connections

value: literature

value: publishing policy

value: translation

value: book reviewing

value: reader feedback


dc.contributor.author

value: Sushko, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sushko A. V. ‘Ukrainian Nationalists in Omsk: Prosecuted and Vindicated’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 705–722.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reviews actions of Omsk Region Office of Ministry of State Security (MSS) towards politically
active Ukrainian nationalists among deportees from the Dragobychsky region of Western Ukraine and
assesses their vindication in the Russian Federation. This study is based on archival documents from legal prosecutions
of Ukrainian deportees stored in the Records Office of Omsk Region of Federal Security Service and
recently opened for scholarly review, as well as exhibits from the History section of the Omsk Office of the FSB.
Legal prosecutions documents were analysed using a prosopographic method to reconstruct a typical picture of
young Ukrainian deportees who continued to believe in the values of Ukrainian nationalism and kept connections
with the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN)/Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). All prosecuted Ukrainians
were driven to nationalism by conditions of their upbringing. The young men were deportees from Western
Ukraine and of peasant origin. The OUN/UPA were widely supported by the rural population in this region. They
were deported to Siberia as family members of UPA militias fighting against the Soviet army. Having nationalist
views, all prosecuted young men sincerely supported the creation of an independent Ukrainian state and did not
accept Soviet authority that did not allow this creation, and so they were deported from their homeland. Omsk
MSS agents, together with their Ukrainian colleagues, identified young radical nationalists. Some of those were
active members of underground militant groups and during World War II carried out intelligence requests for
OUN/UPA and provided information for its members. The author concludes that the nationalistic activities of these Ukrainian youth were are a real threat to security of the Soviet state and as such the fact of their vindication in the
Russian Federation is not well-grounded from historical point of view.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Ukrainian nationalism

value: OUN/UPA

value: “Yunatstvo”

value: Western Ukraine

value: Dragobychsky region

value: Great Patriotic War

value: deportees

value: Omsk

value: political repressions

value: vindication


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikonova, S. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikonova S. I. ‘Russian Disabled Veterans in Poland in the 1920s – 1930s: Community, Personalities and Daily Life’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 674–685.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the dramatic history of the survival of Russian disabled veteran emigrants in
Poland in the 1920s–1930s. The main aim is to highlight issues of the financial situation of disabled veterans,
their legal status and self-organization, and the humanitarian activity of the Union of Russian Disabled Veteran
Emigrants in Poland. The paper reflects the adjustment difficulties of disabled veterans in Poland, aspects of the
mixed attitude of the Polish authorities to Russian emigrants, and the internal problems of the emigrant community.
Continuous support and assistance to disabled people and their families, and care for disadvantaged fellow
countrymen are he focus. The article shows the efforts of the Board of the Union of Russian Disabled Veteran
Emigrants in Poland, not only to support disabled people financially, but also to encourage the emigrant community’s
morale and to oppose the marginalization of disabled veterans. The paper states the fundamental reasons
for moral problems associated with the physical well-being of disabled people, the lack of prospect awareness,
the loss of hope for a status change and receiving Polish citizenship, and the loss of connections with Russia. The
article presents features of everyday life of the Russian disabled veteran emigrants; it observes the policy of the
Union’s Board in relation both to Polish authorities and to members of the Union. In the 1920s and 1930s the Union
of Russian Disabled Veteran Emigrants remained the only uniting center for disadvantaged Russian people, and
its leaders honestly fulfilled their duties. The author used materials from the documents of the Russian archives
(State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State War and Historical Archive), and newly available documents
of the Lithuanian Central State Archive (LCVA).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Russian military emigration

value: Poland

value: disabled veteran

value: humanitarian activity

value: charity

value: emigrant community

dc.title

value: Article


title: Behind the Facades of Anniversaries

dc.contributor.author

value: Antoshin, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Antoshin A. V. ‘Behind the Facades of Anniversaries,’ Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 792–797.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the collective monograph “War, Politics, Memory: The Napoleonic Wars and
World War I in the Space of Anniversaries”. Prepared by a large team of academics under the leadership of Olga
Porshneva, Nikolai Baranov, and Vladimir Zemtsov (professors at Ural Federal University), it is the first generalizing
work dedicated to historical memory and the politics of memory surrounding these wars. The monograph uses
a large complex of documents from archives in Russia, France, Great Britain and Germany. This book is distinguished
by its high theoretical level, which is supported by concepts from leading specialists on historical memory.
The authors characterise the specifics of commemorative practices connected with events that were major
milestones in the history of the ‘long’ nineteenth century. The monograph shows the evolution of these practices,
which was conditioned by changes in the attitudes of society and the authorities towards the Napoleonic Wars
and the First World War. The authors characterise the role of the institutions of civil society in the formation and
development of cultural practices connected with the anniversaries of these military conflicts. Most attention is
paid to the specifics of commemorative practices related to ‘victory memories’ and ‘defeat memories’ in various
European countries. This book helps us to understand the contradictory character of state policies towards historical
memory, a relevant issue in modern Russia.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Napoleonic wars

value: World War I

value: historical memory

value: politics of memory

value: anniversaries

value: Behind the Facades of Anniversaries


dc.contributor.author

value: Volodina, T. A.

value: Simonova, E. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volodina T. A., Simonova E. V. ‘Yakov Stechkin: Portrait of a Provincial Surgeon in the Realities of the 1920s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 654–673.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides an analysis of professional formation and conditions of development of practical
medicine in a provincial city of central Russia in the 1920s. For the first time, the authors introduce materials from
the personal archive of surgeon Yakov Sergeyevich Stechkin, the brother and father of famous constructors Boris
and Igor Stechkin. Yakov Stechkin practiced in Aleksin in 1922–1935. Based on statistical reports from his personal
archive, the article reveals the peculiarities of provincial surgery. It analyzes such features as the range of
operations performed, the use of anesthesia, and the level of lethality. Main attention is paid to the analysis of the
mutual interweaving and transformation of various professional and cultural components in the activity of an ordinary
physician: the traditions of zemstvo medicine, military surgery, and Soviet medicine of the 1920s. Each of
these components made a contribution to behavioral models of the provincial doctor. Traditions of medicine with
its principles of accessibility and free service correlated with the declared norms of Soviet health care system,
versatility of military surgeon was more than necessary in terms of personnel lack, while material devastation was
offset by broad professional freedom, permeated with the atmosphere of research and experimentation. Based
on the memoir sources, the authors show the specific ways of communication between a doctor and his patients,
typical of a small provincial town. The authors of put particular emphasis on the fact that an ordinary provincial
surgeon resorted to trends of the time, such as experiments in eugenics, endocrinology, and rejuvenation. The
article highlights factors that led the Russian physician, who treated the power of the Bolsheviks without reverence,
to be integrated into the Soviet health care system.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: province

value: medicine

value: surgeon

value: experiments

value: eugenics

value: endocrinology


dc.contributor.author

value: Babkin, Roman A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Babkin, R. A. (2021). The experience of using the mobile phone data in economic geographical researches in foreign. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (3), 416–439.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The era of Big Data and the emergence of new sources of geo-information, including mobile
phone data, have provided fundamentally new opportunities for research on many socio-economic
processes. Compared to traditional statistical sources, mobile phone data has many unique features and advantages that attract scientists from various fields of knowledge. Extensive
experience in the use of technologies for collecting and processing spatial information
from mobile phones over the past 15 years has led to an interest in them in order to improve
demographic statistics, transport planning, analysis of settlement systems, tourism statistics,
study of human behavior and emergency monitoring. The article demonstrates various cases
of using mobile operator data in scientific and applied research in these areas based on the
examples of foreign works. The foreign practice of using data from mobile operators demonstrates
how data analysis can complement the results of censuses and population registers,
making it possible to move from a static to dynamic consideration of the settlement system.
The combination of mobile telephony data with traditional statistics, as well as other types
of Big Data, such as remote sensing, helps to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of
geo-information in the study of demographic and socio-economic processes. At the same
time, it can be observed that the potential use of this data source is not limited to supplementing
the system of existing statistical indicators, but includes the creation of new socio-economic
indicators. At the same time, the long-standing problem of national statistics lagging
behind the leading countries of Europe and the United States can be largely offset by the
incorporation of Big Data into research practices.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 3

value: mobile phone data

value: study of settlement systems

value: delimitation of agglomerations

value: monitoring of socio-economic processes

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Badikov, R. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Badikov R. A. ‘Following the Pages of an Unknown Book. General A. N. Bogolyubov and his Monograph “The Defeat of Kolchak”’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 798– 811.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article focuses on a newly discovered military history: the monograph The Defeat of Kolchak,
authored by famous Soviet military leader General Alexander N. Bogolyubov. Published in 1939 by the General
Staff Academy of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, this book was one of the first full-fledged special works
focused on an analysis of military operations on the Eastern front during the Russian Civil War. Due to a number
of circumstances, Bogolyubov’s printed work has not been in circulation until today, and has remained an unknown
variable for Russian historical science. The book is considered in two dimensions: as a typical creative phenomenon of the Stalin era, with its characteristic request for a uniform, unified interpretation of the events of
1917–1922; as a special phenomenon in the official activities of Bogolyubov, who, despite his personal aspirations
and desires, was forced to turn to scientific and teaching work at the General Staff Academy of the Workers’ and
Peasants’ Red Army. Consideration of the set of issues associated with a previously unknown book helped the
author come to the following conclusions: in the scientific sense, the work of Bogolyubov appears to be an important
phenomenon in the early historiography of the Civil War, certain expressions of the book to this day retain
their relevance and novelty; the fact of the presence of the mass of controversial theses and obvious mistakes in
the work is a reflection of the ideological attitudes and stereotypical approaches to the interpretation of the events
of the war that prevailed in historiography in the 1930s; the creative way of the monograph was directly attributable
to the development of official activities of its author, reflects the varieties of fortune of General Bogolyubov.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: historiography

value: Civil War

value: Russia

value: military literature

value: A. N. Bogolyubov

value: Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army

value: Red Army

value: M. V. Frunze Military Academy


dc.contributor.author

value: Petin, D. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petin D. I. ‘“The Transfer of Power to Soviet Organizations Brings Forward, First of All, Radical Changes in the Field of Financial Policy”: The Project of the Organization of the Commissariat of Finance in 1920 in Irkutsk’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 812–835.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: financial policy

value: Far East Republic

value: White movement

value: soviet power

value: officials

value: political center

value: ministry of finance

value: Irkutsk


dc.contributor.author

value: Batunova, Elena Yu.

value: Gunko, Maria S.

value: Medvedev, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Batunova, E. Yu., Gunko, M. S., Medvedev, A. A. (2021). Mismanaged space: planning and policymaking in the context of depopulation in Ivanovskaya oblast. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (3), 440–459.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Since the second half of the twentieth century, cities and regions worldwide have experienced
depopulation due to the global economic and social transformation. Aging and natural population
decline have becamebecome characteristic for Russia already in the late-Soviet period. In
addition, the transition from state socialism to a variation of neoliberal capitalism with a change
in rationality of economic development and governance has led to an intensification of internal
migration flows. Against this background, the aim of the current article lies in a comparative
analysis of the core main trends in the transformation of the regional settlement system and the
response to these transformations proposed by the regional and municipal planning and policy
in Russia. The research is carried out based on the example of Ivanovskaya oblast. By analyzing
statistical and remote sensing data, the study highlights the general negative demographic
trends in the region, intra-regional differences in these trends, as well as the results of their
impact on the transformation of the settlement system pattern. Content analysis of normative
documents makes it possible to reveal features of official policymaking and the planning agenda
at the regional and municipal levels, which determine territorial development in the context of
depopulation. Based on the results of the content analysis, the following conclusions are drawn.
Firstly, there seems to be an incomplete or simplified understanding of dynamics, causes, and
consequences of depopulation both at the regional and municipal levels. Secondly, coordination
between different levels of governance in managing depopulation appears to be insufficient.
Thirdly, regional authorities do not seem to “accept” the current demographic situation as the
basic condition for forming a long-term scenario of the region’s development.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Funding: Section 3 was written as part of the research conducted by M. Gunko and A. Medvedev
at the Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences in the framework of the project of the Russian
Science Foundation no. 19-17-00174 “Early developed regions under socio-economic polarization and
shrinkage of active space in European Russia”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: depopulation

value: spatial shrinkage space compression

value: settlement system pattern

value: planning

value: regional policy

value: demographic policy

value: Ivanovskaya oblast

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rasputina, Valeriia A.

value: Ganyushkin, Dmitry A.

value: Bantsev, Dmitrii V.

value: Pryakhina, Galina V.

value: Vuglinsky, Valery S.

value: Svirepov, Stepan S.

value: Paniutin, Nikolai A.

value: Volkova, Daria D.

value: Nikolaev, Mihail R.

value: Siroezhko, Evgenii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rasputina, V. A., Ganyushkin, D. A., Bantcev, D. V., Pryakhina, G. V., Vuglinsky, V. S., Svirepov, S. S., Paniutin, N. A., Volkova, D. D., Nikolaev, M. R., Siroezhko, E. V. (2021). Outburst hazard of little-studied lakes assessment at the Mongun-Taiga massif. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (3), 487–509.

dc.description.abstract

value:
There is a reduction in the area of glaciation of mountain massifs as a result of climate
warming, which leads to the formation of lake-glacial complexes in areas of glacial degradation.
These complexes are dynamic systems that are rapidly changing over time. Therefore,
they are unstable and have an outburst potential. Outbursts of moraine and periglacial lakes
are dangerous hydrological phenomena. As a result of outbursts, catastrophic floods and
mudflows can form, causing serious damage to the infrastructure of settlements located
downstream and often lead to human casualties. Therefore, the study of outburst-hazardous
lakes is necessary and is an important applied problem associated with forecasting natural hazards. In this work, the assessment of the outburst hazard of little-studied moraine and
periglacial lakes at the Mongun-Taiga mountain massif (Tyva Republic, Russian Federation)
was carried out using the scoring method, supplemented by taking into account regional
characteristics, and data from the remote sensing of the Earth. The performed assessment,
according to satellite images, showed that most of the massif ’s lakes have a high outburst
hazard. Based on the results of the assessment, a group of lakes was selected located in the
right tributary upstream of the river “Tolaity” for the purpose of a more detailed field survey
(hydrological and geophysical studies were carried out). Field work carried out on the
selected group of lakes allowed the authors to correct the performed assessment. In the article,
the applicability of the method based on comparing field data and data obtained from
satellite images was estimated.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 19-05-00535 A
“Natural disasters and transformation of landscapes in southeastern Altai and northwestern Mongolia
during the period from the maximum glaciation”).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: moraine and periglacial lakes

value: lakes outbursts

value: dangerous hydrological phenomena


dc.contributor.author

value: Mikhaylova, Anna A.

value: Gorochnaya, Vasilisa V.

value: Gumenyuk, Ivan S.

value: Plotnikova, Angelina P.

value: Mikhaylov, Andrey S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mikhaylova, A. A., Gorochnaya, V. V., Gumenyuk, I. S., Plotnikova, A. P., Mikhaylov, A. S. (2021). Does the coastal location of municipalities influence their innovation development? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (3), 460–486.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The coastal regions are increasingly in the focus of contemporary academic research as economically
favorable territories with a high innovative potential. The coastalization factor receives
individual attention, the influence of which is registered in various countries of the
world as a tendency of the population and economic activity to concentrate in the coastal
zone. However, there is significant heterogeneity between the coastal areas, due to natural
and climatic features that affect their economic development. This article focuses on assessing
the differences in the readiness of the coastal regions of the European part of Russia for an
innovative economy, taking into account their geographical location (northern, northwestern,
southern). The study is conducted at the level of municipalities across 6 regions of Russia:
Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Leningrad, Kaliningrad, Rostov regions, and Krasnodar Krai.
The research methodology included an assessment of the 4 most important components of
an innovative economy: human capital, business environment, knowledge production, and
technological equipment. The results of the study revealed a high degree of spatial divergence
in terms of the level of readiness for the development of an innovative economy both between
the regions of the sample and within them in the inter-municipal context. It was found
that the concentration of innovative potential within the coastal region is largely the result
of a cross-influence of the agglomeration and the coastalization factors. In the case of their
complementary influence on coastal municipalities, the latter are characterized by a relatively
higher level of readiness for the development of an innovative economy compared to inland
ones. This is true for both the northern, northwestern, and southern coastal regions of the
European part of Russia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 19-18-00005 “Eurasian
Vector of Russian Marine Economy: Regional Economy Perspective”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 3

value: spatial divergence

value: coastal region

value: innovative development

value: coastalization

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bulysheva, Anna M.

value: Khokhlova, Olga S.

value: Bakunovich, Nikita O.

value: Rusakov, Aleksey V.

value: Myakshina, Tatyana N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bulysheva, A. M., Khokhlova, O. S., Bakunovich, N. O., Rusakov, A. V., Myakshina, T. N. (2021). The change in carbonate state and other properties in chronosequences of abandoned soils in different parent rocks in the reserve “Galich’ia Gora” in the Lipetsk oblast. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (3), 533–558.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the change in the properties of Haplic Chernozems (Aric) on loesslike
loams and Сalcaric Phaeozems (Aric) on Paleogene, Neogene red-colored sands with
limestone eluvium of the Lipetsk region when they are transferred from cropland to fallow.
Attention is paid primarily to the change in the carbonate status of soils. According to the
results of the study, it was found that the transformation of both types of soils formed on different
rocks obeys a single trend. Carbonates in Chernozems during their time in fallow are
washed down the profile; stable forms of carbonate pedofeatures gradually disappear. The
content and stocks of carbonate carbon in the 0–200 cm layer in Haplic Chernozems (Aric)
decrease by 27.5 t/ha by 25 years of fallow state. In Сalcaric Phaeozems (Aric), changes in
the carbonate status are less pronounced; nevertheless, it was found that in the arable soil
on the fragments of limestone, secondary carbonate films in the form of acicular calcite are
formed on top of clay films, which was not observed in the abandoned soils. When the soil
is in the fallow, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil improve: the structure
of the arable horizons improves and density decreases. Also, the organic carbon content is
reduced. This is an atypical result of postagrogenic transformation of Haplic Chernozems
(Aric). In the fallow soils of other regions of the steppe and forest-steppe, we observed the
process of accumulation of organic carbon. The decrease in soil organic carbon while in
the fallow is associated with the use of soil-saving technologies for agricultural use. The
radiocarbon age of humus in subsurface horizons increases when soil is in the fallow. The
radiocarbon age of carbonates in soils varies depending on the amount of lithogenic calcite
inclusion.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: fallow

value: cropland

value: pedogenic carbonates

value: radiocarbon dating

value: Chernozem

value: Phaeozem