dc.contributor.author

value: Lizunov, Pavel V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lizunov P. V. Gambling Clubs and Excitement in St. Petersburg during the First Russian Revolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 857–873.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with such a phenomenon as a passion for playing cards in St. Petersburg
during the years of the First Russian Revolution. From the end of 1904 — the beginning of
1905, many metropolitan clubs began to turn into illegal “gambling houses”, where gambling
cards flourished. What happened was associated with the revolutionary movement in the
country and even referred to as government measures aimed at distracting the society from
political rallies and meetings. By 1907, there had been about 65 entrepreneurial and 18 stateowned
clubs in the capital, where cards were played. The police sought to keep control of gambling
establishments, their organizers, bankers, players and cardsharps. From time to time,
clubs were checked, and gambling was prohibited. In January 1907, the Petersburg mayor
V. F. von der Launitz banned the game écarté. In March 1907, 12 largest gambling establishments
of the capital were closed by order of the new St. Petersburg Mayor D. V. Drachevsky.
Orders for the closure of clubs were published during the whole of 1907 and 1908. These
measures were called “fight with clubs”. However, despite government measures and police
bans, gambling and gambling houses in St. Petersburg continued to exist in subsequent years.
Nevertheless, the authorities managed to significantly reduce the number of gambling clubs
and overcome the “gambling orgy” that prevailed in 1905–1906. At the same time, there is no
reason to assert that the government during the First Russian Revolution sought to divert the
average man from politics with the help of gambling. All gambling clubs were opened by the
founders solely for the purpose of profit.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: card game

value: excitement

value: gambling club

value: Petersburg

value: Petrovsky yacht-club

value: player

value: écarté


dc.contributor.author

value: Vinokurova, Marina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vinokurova M. V. Freedom and Dependence in the Relationship between Landlords and Tenants in the Customary Law of Medieval English Boroughs. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 951–967.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper examines a number of problems related to possession of land in the boroughs of
medieval England — according to the customary law. A special attention is devoted to the relationship
between landlords and tenants in the boroughs. It’s evident that feudal dependence
in the borough was not as distinct as in the English medieval manor. As a rule, tenants in the
borough were obliged to pay to the lords only fixed yearly rents. Usually, they were not due
to pay entry fines or reliefs, heriots after the death of the tenant or marriage merchets. Unlike
medieval villains, they were not obliged to do corvee work. The English medieval borough
included into itself so-called “element of freedom” to such a high degree that villains who
had escaped from the manors became free people having lived in the borough a year and a
day. Tenants in the boroughs also had the right according to their own will (without the lord’s
permission) to alienate (e. g. to inherit, to buy, to sell) their movables. Nevertheless, the role
of the lord in the medieval borough should not be there underestimated as he was a borrower
of the yearly rents — a very important feature of the relations between tenants and lords in
general. The social significance of the rents in the borough was so high that customary law
presupposed special punishment for rent arrears, up to forfeiture of land.

dc.subject

value: Medieval England

value: borough

value: landlords

value: tenants

value: rents

value: custom

value: customary law

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Guseltseva, Marina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guseltseva M. S. Cultural and psychological transformations of modernity in light of the methodology of latent changes: subcultures. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 3, pp. 229–242.

dc.description.abstract

value: The idea of subcultures arose in connection with the understanding of the heterogeneity of society and the need to differentiate lifestyles within a certain culture. Thus, it reflected the tendency of complication, individualization, and diversity of human life. During the twentieth century researchers’ focus of attention shifted from cultural theories to subcultures; from the phenomenology of subcultures to the study of informal movements, “urban tribes”, small cultural traditions and finally — to the transformation of values. Today the analysis of mobility and the multiplicity of identities which are developing in a fluid and transitive sociocultural environment are at the forefront of study. All this required a different conceptual language and the search for new methodological strategies. The concept of “subculture” is often criticized both as an analytical construct and as a fading reality due to the expansion of globalization, mixing of traditions, values and different lifestyles; and the study of identity is increasingly taking place in the framework of transdisciplinary and polyparadigmatic approaches. A new look at the transformations of modernity develops a methodology of latent changes that focuses on the lability, inconsistency and ambiguity of identity and subculture. The forms and ways of organizing subcultures today are changing. Subcultures can be represented in the social space by small patches, dispersed, virtual and therefore not visible, not obvious, difficult to recognize. These transformations are referred to as the phenomena of transitive and dispersed subcultures.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 17-06-00077-OGN/18 “The problem of linguistic identity in a multicultural space”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: methodology

value: modern psychology

value: subculture

value: identity

value: socio-cultural movements

value: latent changes

value: transdisciplinarity


title: Preface

dc.contributor.author

value: Grishina, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grishina N. V. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 3, pp. 226–228.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.title

value: Preface


dc.contributor.author

value: Volchenkova, Ekaterina A.

value: Molchanova, Olga N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volchenkova E. A., Molchanova O. N. Lost possible selves: content and connection with psychological well-being. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 3, pp. 295–310.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is intended to cover the major issues of lost possible selves and their relationship
with psychological well-being. A brief review of contemporary studies devoted to the phenomenon
of lost possible selves was made. The results of an empirical study of the content
and parameters of lost possible selves and their connection with the components of subjective
well-being on a sample of online volunteers are presented. The study involved 42 respondents,
and the average age was 27 years. Participants filled in a modified questionnaire for studying
Possible Selves phenomenon, filled in the E. Diener Life Satisfaction Scale, S. Lubomirski Scale
of Subjective Happiness and K. Riff ’s Psychological Well-being questionnaire. It was found that
people speaking about their lost possible selves mainly remembered the positive self-images
rather than the negative ones. Mostly lost possible selves from the business sphere (study, profession,
work) and the sphere of non-professional occupations were mentioned. The negative
relationship between the number of actions taken to realize lost possible selves and subjective
happiness has been revealed; a negative relationship between the regrets about an unrealized image of self, the frequency of reference to it and self-acceptance has also been revealed. There
is a positive relationship between the significance of lost possible selves and positive relationships
with others and personal growth; between the ability to realize lost possible selves and
personal growth. The results of the study reveal that parameters of lost possible selves — such
as significance, actions taken for their realization, frequency of appealing and confidence in
the ability to realize them — predict changes of the indicators of the components of psychological
well-being. The results also indicate that lost possible selves do not leave people’s lives,
but continue to exist, determining the characteristics of their psychological well-being.

dc.subject

value: possible selves

value: lost possible selves

value: subjective well-being

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nosova, Ekaterina I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nosova E. I. Bilingualism against Diglossia in the French Royal Chancery in the Late Middle Ages. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 1031–1044.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the use of Latin and vernacular languages in the French
royal chancery during the Late Middle Ages. The language played an important role in constructing
and strengthening the State. The idea of the unification of language went hand in
hand with the idea of political unification. In France, the most important stage in the transition
from Latin to the vernacular language was the 14th century. The first examples of the use
of the vernacular language in the work of the chancery emerged on the periphery. The transition
from Latin to French was not instantaneous, but took place in several phases. It should be
noted that the ratio of languages was uneven in various areas of office work, and also depended
on the region to which the charter was related. In this regard, many researchers propose to
speak not about bilingualism, but about diglossia. Conceding with the validity of this remark,
it is possible to complete this picture with several documents. In the collection of Nikolai
Petrovich Likhachev (1862–1936) there is the charter of King John II (1352), the protocol and
eschatocol of which are written in Latin, and the main part — in French. An analysis of this
document shows how closely Latin and French coexisted in the documents of the royal chancery
of France in the 14th century. It dissolves the boundaries between the niches occupied by
one or the other language. Therefore, it seems not always correct to talk about diglossia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for the young PhDs
no. МК-5297.2018.6 “Letters and acts of French Kings in the Scientific Archives of St. Petersburg Institute of
History (14th–15th)”. I express my deep gratitude to Sofia Igorevna Lobataya (Goethe University, Frankfurt
am Main) for the translation in English and to Serge Lusignan (University of Montréal) for useful remarks.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: bilingualism

value: diglossia

value: chancery

value: Latin

value: French

value: N. P. Likhachev


title: Strongly Intensive Fluctuations Between the Multiplicity and the Total Transverse Momentum in pp Interactions in the Multipomeron Exchange Approach

dc.contributor.author

value: Andronov, E. V.

value: Kovalenko, V. N.

dc.description.abstract

value: We calculate the strongly intensive variables Σ and Δ that suppress trivial volume fluctuations and are constructed for the charged particle multiplicity n and the total transverse momentum Pt in a modified multipomeron exchange approach for proton-proton interactions in the range of collision energies attainable with the SPS and LHC accelerators. In this approach, the interaction between the color quark-gluon strings formed from cut pomerons are effectively taken into account; in this case, the role of these interactions increases as the collision energy increases. The inequalities Σ(Pt, n) > 1 and Δ(Pt, n) < 1, which agree with the experimental data, are the main result of the calculations for energies attainable at the SPS. We show that as the energy increases, Σ(Pt, n) behaves nonmonotonically and Δ(Pt, n) increases.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 18-32-01055 mol_a.)

dc.publisher

value: Springer

dc.subject

value: strong interaction

value: multipomeron exchange

value: fluctuation

value: collectivity

value: multiplicity

value: transverse momentum

dc.title.alternative

value: Сильноинтенсивные флуктуации между множественностью и полным поперечным импульсом в pp-взаимодействиях в подходе мультипомеронного обмена


dc.contributor.author

value: Khondzinsky, Pavel V. (archpriest)

value: Kyrlezhev, Alexander I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khondzinsky P. V., Kyrlezhev A. I. Sobornost’ in the Russian theological tradition. Issues of Theology, 2019, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 427–440.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In a conversation between Alexander Kyrlezhev and Archpriest Pavel Khondzinsky,
the concept of sobornost’, that arose in Russian theology by Alexei Khomyakov
under the influence of the theology of J. Adam Möhler and German philosophy, is
discussed with particular emphasis on the significance of the latter for the formation
of the logical structure of a new ecclesiological concept. The ideas of the ancient
father of the Church, St. Augustine, are taken into account. The interaction of the
original Russian concept of sobornost’ with theological personalism at the end of
the 19th–20th centuries is traced. Issues such as sobornost’ as unity and as unity in diversity, the relationship of Church sobornost’ with social community, a symphonic
personality, and personification of the Church are considered. Development of
the concept of sobornost’ by such authors as Filaret Drozdov, Vladimir Soloviev,
Sylvester Malevansky, Evgeny Akvilonov, Pavel Florensky, Anthony Khrapovitsky,
Sergiy Bulgakov, Nikolai Afanasyev, Georges Florovsky, Vladimir Lossky and others
is specified. Other issues are also discussed such as the relationship between
the Russian concept of sobornost’, the catholicity of the Creed, and the historical
practice of church councils, primarily the All-Russian Council of 1917–1918, which
marked both the “democratic turn” in the Church (the issue of the status of the laity)
and the desire for personification of church unity (restoration of the patriarchate).
In the conclusion, issues requiring further theological research are identified.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 1; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: sobornost’

value: catholicity

value: Church councils

value: Alexei Khomyakov

value: Adam Möhler

value: German idealism

value: Russian theology

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Grishutina, Milena M.

value: Kostenko, Vasily Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grishutina M. M., Kostenko V. Yu. Possible and Impossible selves: a conceptual framework. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 3, pp. 268–279.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A developed concept of the Possible self reflects the need for a closer investigation of the
desires, fears, possibilities and cognitive representations related to man’s future. The motivational
aspect of the construct, which can affect behavior, is emphasized by the concept of agency. According to the authors, agency can be defined as the ability to develop, maintain
and expand Possible selves and is characterized by personality causality, self-regulation and
control. This mechanism allows a person to decide if the selected possible image will be one to
attain or to avoid. Regardless of the proactive mechanisms of Possible selves, there are situations
when personality possibilities can be experienced as “impossibilities”. The phenomenon
of Impossible selves was introduced in the previous empirical work of the authors and now
is further theoretically elaborated within this article. The Impossible self is a manifestation
of the significant Possible self, which is influenced by rumination and neuroticism, and is
correlated with higher levels of negative affect and self-accusation. The unconstructive phenomena
of self-reflection apparently restrain the energy of wanted Possible selves, which are
normally used to facilitate motivation. The assessments of different aspects of Possible selves
and personality traits were not influenced by the specific content of the possibilities, demonstrating
the universal nature of the observed phenomenon. We discuss the possibilities for operationalization
and the theoretical background of the construct. The conceptual framework
of Impossible selves emerges from (1) the general interest for the modality of “possible” in
personality psychology; (2) the core theory of Possible selves; (3) the motivational potential of
the Possible selves reflected in the concept of “agency”.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the
framework of research project No. 17-06-01009.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: possible selves

value: self-regulation

value: impossible selves


dc.contributor.author

value: Mäesalu, Mihkel

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mäesalu M. Historical Memory as the Cause of Conflict in Medieval Livonia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 1014–1030.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper argues that the conflict between the Teutonic Order in Livonia and the archbishops
of Riga was to a large extent a conflict of memory. The stark differences in how the early history
of Livonia was remembered by these two competing powers are seen as the main cause
for their almost permanent disputes and disagreements. The detailed study of their conflicting
remembrance of the early history of Livonia during the 15th century is followed by a discussion
of the causes behind the emergence of two such strikingly contrasting visions of history.
On the one hand, these two versions of history were definitely shaped by the centuries of
long-standing conflict. It seems that both sides merged their remembrance of the beginnings
of their respective institutions with their political claims resulting in not only two competing
narratives on the early history of Livonia, but also in two conflicting visions of how the
relations of power should ‘rightfully’ be. On the other hand, the memorial practices of these
two institutions seem to have had a strong impact on the emergence of these narratives. Each
group was focused on the remembrance of their own members and their deeds only, largely
forgetting about the achievements of the other, which again led to the development of two
very narrow historical memories at odds with each other. In other words, their approaches to
remembering history not only gave rise to their disagreements, but also made finding a lasting
solution to their differences almost impossible.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Research for this paper was funded by the Estonian Research Council (PUT1422).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: history writing

value: historical memory

value: Livonia

value: Teutonic Order

value: Archbishopric of Riga

value: medieval history

value: church history

value: political history

value: conflicts

value: Baltic crusades


dc.contributor.author

value: Kudryavtseva, Tatyana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kudryavtseva T. V. Reconsidering the imperium infinitum of Marcus Antonius Creticus. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 937–950.

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the most vivid examples of emergency Roman powers during the period of the Late
Republic is the authority to combat pirates, among which — Marcus Antonius Creticus’s
‘unlimited imperium’ received in 74 B. C. Imperium infinitum prompted a historiographic
debate which does not merely concern the nature and capacity of the former, but the very
fact of the existence of such an imperium. An opinion was voiced that this phantom originated
in Cicero’s rhetorical embellishment and the excessive enthrallment of T. Mommsen
with the reconstruction of Roman state law. Numerous researchers still agree on the existence
of the imperium infinitum, but interpret it in different ways. Most frequently they follow in
T. Mommsen’s tracks in infusing this concept with a spatial/geographical sense — command
of several, rather than one province, without clear borders. In order to elucidate the novelty
introduced by Antonius’s command to the practice of emergency appointments, the article
thoroughly examines the circumstances of its emergence based on the said sources, along with
Antonius’s actions in Sicily, Liguria and Spain, as well as in the Eastern Mediterranean. The
conclusion is as follows: it is unlikely that the official term ‘imperium infinitum’ existed at that
time. However, Marcus Antonius’s command does, in fact, demonstrate that the ‘unlimited
imperium’ is not merely Cicero’s rhetorical find, but actually a new type of executive authority
that emerged in the late 70s B. C. The appearance of the word ‘infinitum’ in the unofficial
definitions of Antonius’s imperium is explained by its omnitude and vast expanse, which most
certainly impressed its contemporaries.

dc.subject

value: Late Roman Republic

value: M. Antonius

value: extraordinary command

value: imperium infinitum

value: war against the pirates

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kodin, Evgenii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kodin E. V. The American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism and Soviet Emigration in Europe. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 1060–1073.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism was established as a public organization
in 1951. Its aim was to assist the anti-communist emigration from the Soviet Union
in its struggle to overthrow the Bolshevik regime. Americans generously financed anti-Soviet
activities among European emigration. Their main “concern” was 250,000 former Soviet citizens
living in West Germany in the status of displaced persons. The creators of the Committee
deemed the Soviet emigres as one of their most important allies in the Cold War. The
Committee intended to neutralize disconnection of the Soviet emigration by creating a central
émigré organization in West Germany as the coordinating body in the anti-communist
struggle. Such an integrated organization was to receive moral and material support from
the Committee. In 1951–1952, the American Committee put a lot of effort into organizing
and holding meetings of emigrant political associations that took place with its full financial
support in the German cities of Füssen (January 1951), Stuttgart (August 1951), Wiesbaden
(November 1951), Starnberg (June 1952). The final goal of creating a single anti-Bolshevik
front among the emigration from the USSR was not achieved. However, the experience was
significant. The committee gained good knowledge of the structure of emigration, its internal
attitudes and problems. After the conference in Starnberg, the center of gravity in the work of
the Committee’s work with emigration was shifted to New York. Most of the conferences and
all activities of emigration were relocated to Munich, where the Munich Institute for the Study
of the USSR operated.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared with the financial support of the Ministry of education and science of Russia
as part of the state assignment on “World Slavistics in the study of new and modern history of Russia and
Belarus: concepts of Slavic unity and original development in historical retrospect”, project № 33.1419.2017/
PCh.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: American Committee

value: bolshevism

value: Soviet emigration

value: Europe

value: Robert Kelly archive


title: The Womanly Face of War

dc.contributor.author

value: Sokolov, Oleg V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sokolov O. V. The Womanly Face of War. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 1146–1157.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This review offers a detailed analysis of the monograph “A terrible tragedy. A new perspective
on the war of 1812” written by the famous French historian, Professor of the Sorbonne,
Marie-Pierre Rey. The author of the book declares in the introduction that she has written
“a global history of the Russian campaign”, claiming that historians are not particularly interested
in people. It appears that the monograph is not entirely consistent with the stated global
scale. Despite a careful analysis of the humanitarian aspects of the war, the book is concise
with regard to military-political problems. Assessing the activities of politicians and servicemen,
exploring their motives, the author almost always refers exclusively to memoir literature,
and sometimes to very dubious pseudo-scholarly arguments, although there is a vast array of
simultaneously published papers that give voluminous and truthful picture of the period. It is
disappointing that the author who had the opportunity to work in the best archives of France
practically didn’t introduce new sources to scholarly circulation. Moreover, there are unfortunate
inaccuracies casting doubts on the depth of the study. For example, the author confuses
the number of regiments with the numbers of divisions and brigades, shows little competence
in the matter of armaments, troops and their tactics. Finally, the translation of the book into
Russian contains unacceptable errors in terminology, which does not do justice to the ambition
of the book to blaze a trail in the historical science.

value: Alexander I

value: Napoleon

value: Marie-Pierre Rey

value: War of 1812

value: Kutuzov

value: Barclay de Tolly

value: Narbonne

value: humanitarian problems of the war

dc.title

value: The Womanly Face of War


dc.contributor.author

value: Brown, Patrick J.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Brown P. J. Working-Class Youth in the Vanguard: Youth Surveys and their Implications. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 913–936.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Between 1935 and 1936 the party conducted a series of surveys to ascertain Soviet youths’
cultural and political upbringing, political activism, and material condition. Although ostensibly
random, the survey targeted youth, who attended the best schools and who worked or
studied at the most technologically advanced factories, the goal being to revel in the success
of Soviet education and the high cultural, political, and material level of young workers in
the USSR. The survey’s results revealed the horrid conditions in which most youth lived and
their surprisingly low material and cultural level. Following the 1935–1936 survey, the party
spearheaded projects to overhaul and democratize youth organizations (Soviet schools and
universities and the Komsomol) and to transform young Soviet workers’ living conditions,
particularly in dormitories and barracks in working-class districts.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Funding: Fulbright US Student Grant (2015–2016).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: working-class

value: workers

value: youth

value: Komsomol (VLKSM)

value: surveys

value: Soviet Union

value: Kosarev

value: Stalin

value: Great Terror

value: VUZ

value: FZU

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mayer, Markus

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mayer M. Urban Migration in the Later Middle Ages. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 980–995.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with migration to urban centers in the late Middle Ages. Contrary to still
existing popular views, medieval society was marked by a high degree of mobility in social
and geographic terms. This was especially the case for urban centers. Due to a number of
demographic reasons, such as low birth rates and high death rates, medieval cities depended
on a constant influx of people from the outside for long-term growth and prosperity. This
turns migration into one of the key phenomena to understand medieval urban society. At
the same time, it is often difficult to identify migrants, especially from the lower classes of
society. The sources give us only a limited number of indications of the origin and individual
migration history of the urban population. This article gains insight into different forms of
research into medieval urban migration history. It presents an overview of the different types
of sources, the information they can provide, and the remaining problems and limitations.
Tax lists or Bürgerbücher can shed light on the origins of the inhabitants of a city. Criminal
registers or notary acts can help us to gain knowledge about the individual migration history
of the people mentioned, and new methodologies in archaeology can provide further valuable
hints. With the help of some examples from recent research, this text outlines the available
options to get an insight into one of the most important phenomena of late medieval urban
society. However, the problems related to dealing with urban medieval migration should not
be forgotten. Information is often scarce, and our knowledge remains in many cases limited,
especially, concerning lower layers of society. In addition, a certain city was only one step in a
longer migration history of the individual. People often moved back and forth, bringing new
ideas and techniques with them.

dc.subject

value: Later Middle Ages

value: city

value: town

value: migration

value: demography

value: mobility

value: Social History


dc.contributor.author

value: Rachkovsky, Valery A.

value: Fedorov, Mikhail V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rachkovsky V. A., Fedorov M. V. The February Revolution in Russia and the Polish Question. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 3, рp. 874–889.

dc.description.abstract

value:
After the overthrow of the autocracy in Russia in 1917, the movement for self-determination
among the nations attached to the empire gained momentum. The territory of the Polish state
included in the composition of Russia at the end of the 18th century — beginning of the 19th
century, during the First World War had been occupied by German forces. The question of
creating an independent Polish state was raised by Polish public organizations immediately
after the victory of the revolution in Petrograd. The socialist movements of the Polish and
Russian peoples had been connected by a long-term cooperation. Polish public organizations
welcomed the overthrow of tsarism and the first democratic transformation in Russia. From
the very beginning, the Petrograd Soviet declared its support for the struggle of the Polish
people for the creation of an independent state consisting of three parts within the territories
of Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary. On March 14, 1917, the Petrograd Soviet adopted
a resolution entitled “Salute to the Polish people” recognizing Poland’s right to the creation of
an independent state. The Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet used its newspaper
“Izvestia” to shape internationalist views among the revolutionary masses of Petrograd and
provided organizational assistance to Polish democratic organizations. The print media of the
political parties-members of Petrograd Soviet, did not pay much attention to the adoption of
the appeal to the Polish people and noted the publications superficially, concentrating on the
discussion of the Appeal to the Peoples of the World.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: independence

value: national state

value: Polish question

value: bourgeois revolution

value: Petrograd Soviet

value: State Duma

value: Provisional Government


dc.contributor.author

value: Belousov, Mikhail S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belousov M. S. Disputes about Speaking from their Cells. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 3, рp. 1158–1171.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The presented article is devoted to a recently published monograph on the history of the Decembrists’
revolt — the work by N. D. Potapova “Speaking from their Cells: Discourse and Political
Strategies of the Decemberists”. Reviews of the book and responses are considered. The
assessment of the monograph given by famous modern historians O. V. Edelman, Ya. A. Gordin
and P. V. Il’in is analyzed. It is noted that, in general, the book received an extremely negative
press from the professional community. This is largely due to the concept of the author
of the monograph nihilist in relation to the secret society, namely, the denial of the existence
of a formalized structure in the form of political organizations within the framework of the
Decembrist revolt. The article also examines rhetorical techniques and features of modern
methodological techniques and concepts used by the author of the monograph. It is indicated
that the references to a wide range of foreign press to interpret the materials of the investigation
and the discourse that was generally prevalent during the period of the uprising and the
investigation significantly extends and enriches views on the subject matter. It is noted that
the most successful parts of the monograph include observations relating to the formation of
the outlook of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich as one of the representatives of the generation to
which the Decembrists belonged. It is emphasized that, despite a number of inaccuracies and
far-fetched fragments, the approach chosen by the author of the monograph is a significant
achievement in the study of Decembrist problems.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for the young
PhDs no. МК-5578.2018.6 “The movement of the Decembrists: from historiography to historical memory”.

dc.subject

value: Decembrists

value: Decembrists revolt

value: St. Petersburg revolt

value: interregnum

value: investigation of the Decembrists

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ikonnikov, Sergey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ikonnikov S. A. Provision of Housing for Parish Clergy in the Post-Reform Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 843–856.

dc.description.abstract

value:
During the Synodal period, a problem of providing housing for priests and deacons of the
Russian Orthodox Church was acute. The government sought to raise the social status of clergy
in view of the role the Church played in educational and social missions in the provinces.
On June 29, 1862, a Special Commission on Affairs of the Orthodox Clergy was created. The
commission studied the opinions of priests on need of carrying out reforms in everyday life.
The clergy hoped to raise the level of material support, including means of providing rectories.
The article examines the problem of providing priests of dioceses of the Central Black Earth
with rectories in the second half of the 19th century on the basis of archival materials and the
published sources. The author comes to the conclusion that the government couldn’t provide
clergy with houses. On June 21, 1863, the emperor Alexander II signed the law obliging parishioners
to provide priests of newly founded churches with housing. However, in practice
peasants were not willing to carry out resolutions of the authorities and delayed approval of
social agreement as long as possible. Besides, rectories required repair and additional investments.
Parishioners considered that their duty was to provide housing for clergymen. According
to peasants, priests, but not laymen, had to maintain houses. Therefore, the clergy
preferred to buy their own houses and were forced to allocate considerable material resources
for the purpose. It led to the fact that priests had to devote most part time to search for means
of additional income to the detriment of their primary duties.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Orthodox Church

value: Russian empire

value: dioceses of the Central Black Earth

value: parish clergy

value: material security of parish clergymen

value: rectories


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozov, Maxim I.

value: Spiridonov, Vladimir F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozov M. I., Spiridonov V. F. The mechanisms of categorical influences on visual search. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 3, pp. 280–294.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, we consider the issue of categorical influences on visual search performance.
In order to compare the mechanisms of such influences, described in modern paradigms, we
use two parameters: the accessibility of categorical information and the form of its representation.
The parameter of accessibility concerns the temporal aspect: on which stage of a search
task the participants have access to the categorical information. This information could be
available during a search task or before it during the target presentation stage. The second
parameter is a form of representation of categorical information. It could be represented directly
as categorical knowledge, or indirectly by an object’s visual features. Our analysis shows
the following: If categorical information is available only at the target demonstration stage
and represented indirectly by visual features, then it influences visual search by recalling a
prototype of a target category, the visual features of which then form a search template. If a
category of a scene is also available, then it helps to choose the most relevant zones in a scene
for search. Additional information of distractors’ categories will draw participants’ attention
to the objects which are categorically similar to a target. Finally, if categorical information is
available directly during the search stage, it influences our attention more than visual features.
Therefore, we conclude that the mechanism of categorical influences on visual search depends
on the amount of categorical information available to a participant. The more categorical
information of objects and a scene is available to participants, the more it influences visual
search performance.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 3

value: Visual Search

value: Categories

value: Attention

value: Top-Down Processes

value: Bottom-Up Processes


dc.contributor.author

value: Savin, Sergey D.

value: Kasabutskaya, Margarita S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savin S. D., Kasabutskaya M. S. Historical Memory of Ethno-Confessional Conflicts in Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 1097–1113.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article shows historical memory as one of the key issues in the interdisciplinary field of social
research since it determines socio-cultural and political aspects of the life of social groups.
It forms the traditions and defines values necessary for the society development, accomplishes
integrative function for the nation, ethnic group, accumulates experience of generations and
enriches historical consciousness. However, the other side of historical memory as a significant
factor of ethnic and religious conflicts is also highlighted. Firstly, historical memory has a
conflict potential connected with identity of the social community (ethnic, religious, national)
since self-perception of “we” always includes opposition to others, strangers, usually hostile
communities. Secondly, historical memory could also mobilize for struggle. The traumatic
aspects of collective memory are successfully used in ethno-confessional conflicts for political
manipulation and tension escalation It is a time-consuming task to build new relationships, to shift hostility to a neutral phase and then to the stage of cooperation, equality and integration.
Contradictory nature of historical memory requires a systematic approach to peace-making
policy, to changes in views, to repressing aspects of ethnic and religious conflicts from historical
memory. The article presents the results of sociological research aimed at studying different
aspects of the historical memory of the Russian society and several post-Soviet countries.
The study highlights the dual role of historical memory — ethno integration and division. The
authors analyze the personified memory of ethno-confessional conflicts and its reflection in
modernity resulting in the information wars, propaganda of enmity and mythologems about
the heroes and victims of the lost past.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is written within the framework of a study supported by the grant of the Russian Science
Foundation (RSF). Project № 15-18-00119 “Historical experience of ethnic diversity and ethno-confessional
conflicts management in Imperial, Soviet and post-Soviet Russia: interdisciplinary research”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

value: historical memory

value: ethnopolitical conflict

value: ethno-confessional relations

value: collective consciousness

value: ethnic identity

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernova, Larisa N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernova L. N. English Gentry in the First Half of the 15th Century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 3, рp. 968–979.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines with the social characteristics of the gentry of the first half of the 15th century.
The author systematizes the criteria of belonging to the gentry in historiography and
applies them to the Armburgh family. The article shows that the Armburghs belonged to the
lesser gentry according to the income level, the structure of their land holdings and methods
of estate management. It was the land that was of the greatest value to them as a marker of social
status and the main source of their income. The household of the Armburghs was focused
on commodity production but they were connected with the town not only by their economic
interests, but also by family relations. The author gives a number of arguments showing that
the interests of the Armburghs were primarily concentrated in the counties in which their
lands were located — Essex, Hertfordshire and Warwickshire. They were integrated into social
life of their counties due to numerous family, matrimonial, neighborly and friendly relations
that united the gentry. The gentry of the first half of the 15th century were involved in the
power system of their counties, exercising their authority as landowners, and due to personal
relations and service to their lords and the king. In the author’s opinion, the material of the
Armburgh Papers enables to state that social characteristics of the 15th-century-gentry meet
the criteria developed developed in historiography.

dc.subject

value: England

value: landownership

value: urban property

value: commodity production

value: social identity

value: social relations

value: patronage

value: public authority


dc.contributor.author

value: Melnik, Sergey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Melnik S. V. Theology and interreligious dialogue: from controversy to cooperation. Issues of Theology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 307–333.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the original classification of four types of interreligious dialogue
as follows: 1. Intention (the motivation to come into contact with a representative
of another religion); 2. Goal (tasks and goals pursued by the participants in
the dialogue); 3. Principles (the starting points, which determine the interaction);
4. Form (participants in the dialogue, meeting form). Among the most important
criterion is intention, which identifies the types of polemical, peacemaking, cognitive
and partnership dialogue. These types of dialogue are aligned respectively
around the following questions: Who is right?, How can we live together peacefully?,
Who are you? and What can we do to improve the world?. The place of theology
in each type of interreligious dialogue is examined. In the context of religious
pluralism, the spread of new religious movements, as well as a tendency towards
convergence of religions, theology has not lost its importance as a tool to protect
one’s faith and provided a reasoned justification of its benefits. In the framework of
cognitive dialogue, the significance of theology is analyzed in such areas as theology
of religions, the formation of attitudes towards followers of other religions, comparative
theology, and spiritual dialogue. One of the main strategies for peacemaking
dialogue is to identify the similarities of religious worldviews in dogma and ethics.
Three areas of cooperation of religions in partnership dialogue are distinguished:
“individual,” “society,” and “environment.” The role of theology is to identify possible
paths and comprehend the conceptual grounds for interreligious cooperation.
The author comes to the conclusion that the place of theology in the field of interreligious
relations is wide and diverse. Consideration of this complex problem requires specification, that is clarification of the role of theology in various types of interreligious dialogue — polemical, peacemaking, cognitive and partnership, as
well as their subspecies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, research project Nо 18-311-00337.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 1; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: interreligious dialogue

value: interreligious relations

value: types

value: religion

value: religious factor

value: theology

value: exclusiveness

value: polemics

value: peacemaking

value: cooperation

value: theology of religions

value: inclusion

value: comparative theology


dc.contributor.author

value: Malygina, Anastasiia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malygina A. A. The Treaty of Versailles as a milestone in the history of arms control diplomacy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 303– 326.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Diplomatic formulas and approaches developed during the Versailles Conference were later
taken into account when the international community was developing international agreements on the limitation, reduction, and prohibition of armaments which define the modern
architecture of international security. The article introduces the definition “arms control
and disarmament diplomacy” and presents an analysis of the provisions of the Versailles
Treaty in regard to disarmament and arms control, in terms of the experience of the Versailles
Conference for international affairs specialists, as well as other professionals involved
in arms control issues. References to the experience of the Versailles Treaty of 1919 can be
found in discussions around the development of the Geneva Protocol of 1925, as well as
in relation to the multilateral negotiations of the 1970–1990s, which led to the development
of the 1972 Convention on the Prohibition of Biological and Toxin Weapons, and the
1993 Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Arms control and disarmament
diplomacy of the interwar period resulted in the introduction of the concept of general
disarmament which later was integrated into the arms control diplomacy of the United Nations.
The development and realization of the Versailles Treaty facilitated the maturing of
the toolkit and vocabulary of global arms control and disarmament diplomacy and is still a
significant part of diplomatic institutional memory. The article demonstrates how the experience
of the Versailles Conference is relevant for modern arms control and disarmament
diplomacy.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 12; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: disarmament

value: arms control

value: diplomacy

value: international security

value: Versailles Treaty

value: Paris Peace Conference

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Khakhalkina, Elena V.

value: Andreev, Konstantin P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khakhalkina E. V., Andreev K. P. European identity on the example of the southern EU countries in the context of the migration crisis of 2015–2016. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 377–395.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article aims to identify the impact of the migration crisis of 2015–2016 on the state of
common European identity and its relationship with the level of national identity on the example of the three southern EU countries — Greece, Italy and Spain — which assumed the
main burden of receiving and accommodating refugees. The urgency of the problem posed
is caused not only by the continued influx of illegal migrants into the EU, but also by placing
on the agenda issues of strengthening solidarity within the European Union against the
background of migration challenges and the need for a qualitatively new understanding of
the role of the national state in rapidly changing international conditions. The authors, based
on the processing of a significant array of statistical materials and public opinion polls, have
made three important conclusions: 1) Italy and Spain belong to the states with implicitly expressed
national identity; Greece, on the contrary, from the very beginning of their presence
in the European communities, was a model of pronounced national identity, which over time
came into collision with the level of European identity; 2) The population of these countries,
with a certain level of skepticism, generally relates to the European Union, however, such EU
achievements as freedom of borders do not cause any sharp rejection in dynamics, as one
could have admitted against the background of migration processes, nor a strong sense of support.
Rather, on the contrary, all of these countries are more concerned with the state of the
economy and rising unemployment; 3) The migration crisis of 2015–2016 almost did not have
a noticeable impact on EU ownership in Greece; in other southern countries, Italy and Spain,
on the contrary, the situation worsened, and the factor of illegal migration markedly reduced
the level of support for a “United Europe” in Italy and Spain.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Исследование выполнено в рамках работ по гранту Президента РФ для государственной
поддержки молодых ученых — докторов наук на 2018–2019 гг. по теме «Национальная идентичность в условиях открытых границ ЕС (на примере отдельных стран Евросоюза)» (МД-4122.2018.6).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: national identity

value: EU identity

value: solidarity

value: borders

value: immigration

value: European Union

dc.type

value: Animation


dc.contributor.author

value: Antoshin, A. V.

value: Repnikov, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Antoshin A. V., Repnikov A. V. ‘“Sometimes the Biography of a Scholar is Similar to an Adventure Novel”: Some Notes on Publishing a New Book’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 775–783.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses a book by the well-known St. Petersburg scholar and Doctor of History, Professor
Petr Bazanov that explores the life and activity of the Russian émigré historian and thinker Nikolay Uljanov (1904–
1985). This book was published in 2018 in St. Petersburg by Vladimir Dal Publishing as part of the series “Russia
at the Turning Point.””. The authors show that this monograph is a result of a long period of work by Bazanov,
whose first studies on Uljanov were published at the beginning of 1990s. The authors stress that an analysis of
this monograph demonstrates Bazanov’s excellent knowledge of scholarship devoted to Uljanov. The archival
foundation for this book includes materials from numerous Russian and foreign archives. This article discusses
how Bazanov’s monograph characterizes Uljanov’s way of life. Uljanov’s life was connected with pupils and
comrades of V. E. Meyerhold, and he was the last pupil of academician S. F. Platonov and a comrade of Sergey
Melgunov. The authors show that using different historical sources and scholarship, Bazanov characterizes
all nuances of Uljanov’s fate. The authors conclude that this monograph makes a serious contribution to the Russian historiography, and this book would be interesting not only for professional historians, but also for people
interested in the history of Russian culture and Russian thought.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: N. I. Ulyanov

value: Russian emigration

value: second wave

value: russian historical science

value: Bazanov


dc.contributor.author

value: Belonenko, Alexander S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belonenko, Alexander. “‘Is that you Crying in the Heavens, Russia Cast Adrift?’ On the Poem of George Sviridov to the Words of Sergei Yesenin”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 3 (2019): 424–452.

dc.description.abstract

value:
For the first time, on the basis of documentary sources — Georgy Sviridov’s “Different Notes”
and new literary studies — an attempt was made to reconstruct the Sviridov myth “Russia”
on the example of the history of the creation of the poem “Russia Cast Adrift” to the words
of S. Yesenin (1977). For the first time a version of the existence of a meta-cycle in the work
of Sviridov is put forward to the words of S. Yesenin, consisting of the “Poem in Memory of
Sergei Yesenin”, the cantata “The Bright Guest” and the poem “Russia Cast Adrift”. Observations
on the editing of the texts of the poem “Russia Cast Adrift” and on certain peculiarities
of its musical language in combination with reading certain fragments from the notebooks
of “Different Notes”, which gives an idea of the author’s interpretation of the poem, led to the
following conclusion: both in the poem itself and in the whole Yesenin meta-cycle, and in a
number of other compositions by the composer in the oratorio-cantata genre, the main theme
of his work: “Russia and the Revolution” — the main link of Sviridov’s myth “Russia” — was
given the religious philosopher treatment. The poetic source for the poem “Russia Cast Adrift”
as well as the cantata “Bright Guest” were small (biblical) poems and separate Yesenin poems
created between 1917 and 1920, in which the influence of the ideological trend of “Scythianism”
is noticeable. Sviridov relied on the metaphorical rapprochement of the poet of the
Russian revolution with the Gospel cross and Golgotha. The composer, following the poet,
proceeded from the perception of the revolution as “the beginning of the Spiritual Transformation
of the Motherland”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Revolution

value: Sviridov

value: Russia cast adrift

value: myth Russia

value: Yesenin

value: biblical poems

value: Scythianism

value: A. Blok’s Twelve

value: Pathetic Oratorio

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Drobishevskiy, Sergei A.

value: Gabov, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Drobishevskiy, Sergei A., Gabov, Alexander A. 2019. “On the meaning of centre and periphery in political and legal centralization and decentralization in society”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 408–427.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper considers a society as a whole people’s life within the space where a certain sovereign
power functions — i.e., within a social organism, which substantially supplies the system
of needs of the persons present in it. For example, a society is the totality of human activity
processes within the state borders of the modern Russian Federation. All human activity
processes within the borders of the kapauku chieftainship of Papuans in New Guinea, which
includes several villages, is a society too. The paper demonstrates that giving the definition of
political and legal centralization and decentralization in society is impossible without providing
definitions of centre and periphery. It is explained by the fact that the mentioned processes
are the transfer of political powers to the centre from the periphery and vice versa. These
powers are included in the terms of reference or competence of the state apparatus in a stateorganized
society or in the terms of reference or competence of the system of governing bodies
of a pre-state politically organized society as a whole. On the basis of analysis and critiques
of the existing ideas within its topic, the paper concludes that for the discussed processes the
centre is either a system of governing organs of this society as a whole or several or even one of
these organs. The periphery is either the rest of the governing organs of the society as a whole
or this whole society excluding the above-mentioned system. The usage of such definitions of
centre and periphery for political and legal centralization and decentralization in society is a
desirable condition to achieve effectiveness of these processes. The usage of other definitions
of centre and periphery leads to the deformation of the true understanding of the mentioned
processes in society. As a result, it becomes difficult to achieve effectiveness of governing.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: political centralization

value: political decentralization

value: legal centralization

value: legal governing bodies

value: politically organized society


dc.contributor.author

value: Repev, Artem G.

value: Senyakin, Ivan N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Repev, Artem G., Senyakin, Ivan N. 2019. “Regularities and shortcomings of technical and legal fortification of legal advantages of modern Russian legislation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 428–443.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Advantages in rights and legislation, at this stage of development of jurisprudence, have not
become subject of conceptual scientific analysis. In this regard, it seems relevant to comprehend
forms of their expression in the language of legal documents and the technical and legal
features characteristic of acts of federal, regional and municipal levels. The designated purpose
of this work was defined as solution of the following scientific and practical tasks: to reveal
the developed regularities and the existing shortcomings of legal definiteness in legislation of
advantages of some subjects over others; and to define the priority technical and legal directions
of optimization of the process of fortifying legal advantages in regulations. The analysis
of an array of legislation showed that, despite active use of the constructions “legal advantage”,
“advantageous situation” and “privilege”, law-making bodies did not make an attempt to
formulate a definition of this basic term, “legal advantage”, to offer a specific and subspecific
division. The designated omissions, today, led not only to a synonymy of specific concepts of
a system of legal advantages: benefits, privileges, immunity; but also subspecific: compensations,
subsidies, grants, etc. The law enforcement official in such a situation, for lack of clear,
accurate regulation of legal governance through a system of this sort of permissions of the
highest order, is forced to go the way of analogy and interpretation, unfortunately, not always
accurately. The authors’ conclusions help to define ways of improving the legislative process, to propose possible solutions of the formed legal collisions and contradictions, and to provide
concrete recommendations to improve technical and legal process of solidifying legal advantages
in rulemaking language.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 3; Issue 3

value: legal advantage

value: legal equipment

value: exception

value: estimated concept

value: privilege

value: immunity


dc.contributor.author

value: Balabanova, Evgeniya S.

value: Efendiev, Azer G.

value: Gogoleva, Anna S.

value: Sorokin, Pavel S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Balabanova E. S., Efendiev A. G., Gogoleva A. S., Sorokin P. S. Innovative employee behaviour: Evidence from domestic and foreign-owned companies operating in Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 215–233.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyses individual innovative behaviour of employees in domestic and foreignowned
companies operating in Russia. The authors focus on personal and organisational factors
affecting the three stages of innovative processes at the micro-level: generating, proposing
and implementing new ideas. Empirical analysis is based on the survey of 623 white-collar
employees and managers in 17 private-owned organisations in Russia. In both domestic- and
foreign-owned companies skilled workers and those having higher status in organisations —
men; supervisors; having two or more higher education degrees; assessing their professional
competencies as high — are characterized by higher innovative activity at the fist and second
stage. At the third stage of the innovative process, employees of foreign-owned companies tend
to report higher effectiveness of their innovative suggestions. The authors conclude that the
organisational environment of foreign-owned companies is generally more conducive to innovative
activities compared to Russian domestic companies. Better innovative performance
of foreign-owned companies can be explained by their managerial incentives for employees’
innovative behaviour. In particular, direct incentives of individual innovative activity such
as financial rewards or career promotions are more common in foreign-owned companies.
Managers of these companies are less authoritarian and tend to use participative techniques
of decision making. Employees of foreign-owned companies are more focused in their innovative
activities and concentrated on a narrower range of issues than that of domestic Russian
organisations. The authors underline the importance of fostering an innovative-friendly
organisational environment that would provide formal and informal, tangible and intangible
rewards for employee innovative behaviour. These rewards should create a synergy among
personal and organisational antecedents of employee innovative activities. Selection and hiring
of intrinsically motivated personnel, creation of an organisational climate that is favorable
for the free flow of ideas and access to information, as well as direct incentives for innovative
activities, are seen as crucially important.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 12; Issue 3

value: innovative behaviour

value: innovative activity

value: stimulation of innovative behaviour

value: business organisations

value: Russian domestic and foreign-owned companies

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Malyshkin, Alexandr V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malyshkin, Alexandr V. 2019. “Integration of artificial intelligence into public life: some ethical and legal problems”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 444–460.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The spread of artificial intelligence systems raises a number of technical, philosophical, legal
and ethical issues related to the admissibility of using artificial intelligence in various fields,
and the need to comply with ethical standards in the creation of artificial intelligence systems,
as well as the possibility of introducing ethical standards in the decision-making process of artificial intelligence. Since for many people religion is the basis of the worldview, present in
public life as ethics, not dogmatics, the study of various aspects of the relationship between
religion and artificial intelligence is also extremely important. The author analyzes the ethical
and religious problems associated with the creation and distribution of artificial intelligence
systems and proposes ways of legal regulation of new social relations associated with the use
of artificial intelligence. The author explores the following problems: the ability of artificial
intelligence to be a subject of law; liability of artificial intelligence; sacralization of artificial intelligence;
the responsibility for harm caused by artificial intelligence systems; the adoption of
artificial intelligence decisions concerning the rights and duties of people; increasing stratification
and inequality; mass unemployment; intellectual superiority of the carriers of artificial
intelligence over man; alienation of people from each other, the loneliness of man; the ability
to follow ethical standards when artificial intelligence makes decisions.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 3; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: artificial intelligence

value: robots

value: religion

value: ethics

value: moral aspects of robotics

value: legal regulation

value: social regulation

value: integrated jurisdiction


dc.contributor.author

value: Alesenkova, Victoria N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alesenkova, Victoria. “Aesthetics of the Stage Ritual in Postdramatic Theatrical Discourse”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 3 (2019): 482–494.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study of ritual in postdramatic theatre was preconditioned by the tendency to shift scenic
action from the verbal form to the ceremonial based on myth and dream. This study focuses
on mental images and principles of meaning formation in the ritual-based performance. The
experience of theatrical director E. Grotovsky, which led him to the idea of performance as a
sacrifice and “enlightenment” of an actor, reveals the lost connection between ritual and ancient
mysteries. He views a ritual as a scenic presentation of inner soul transformation aimed
at the destruction of the lowest characteristics in human nature and revival of its Divine aspect.
A crucial point of meaning formation is the subject of mimesis (the archetype the actor
imitates), as it can refer both to Divine and to infernal principles. As a basis of ritual, the
subject of mimesis represents a soul and projects its properties on it. Thus, in performance
the metaphysical aspect often connected with pagan and Christian rituals is visualized. In the conceptual line “theatre of death” of J. Genet and T. Kantor, ritual transforms into a dream referring
to the archetype of the unconscious. Symbolic understanding of ritual in postdramatic
performances allows the conclusion that scenic ritual reflects two ways of soul transformation:
positive transformation leading to transition to spiritual spheres; and negative transformation
leading to a breach of relations and decoding of mentality.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: scenic ritual

value: postdramatic theatre

value: mystery

value: symbol

value: myth

value: rite

value: symbolic actions

value: mental image

value: subject of mimesis


dc.contributor.author

value: Borovikov, Sergey A.

value: Shishigina, Svetlana N.

value: Amandykova, Saule K.

value: Dolzhikov, Peter K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Borovikov, Sergey A., Shishigina, Svetlana N., Amandykova, Saule K., Dolzhikov, Peter K. 2019. “Life Imprisonment and Grant of Parole in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the Russian Federation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 533–546.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the development, state and legal regulation of the sentence of life imprisonment
in the Federal Republic of Germany. Attention is drawn to the changes in the field
of criminal and penal legislation in Germany, which occurred during the application of this
punishment. The most significant changes relate to the introduction of granting parole for life
imprisonment as well as the process that precedes such a court decision. The conditions to be
observed in the case of granting parole to a person sentenced to life imprisonment are considered.
Quantitative indicators of convicts sentenced to life imprisonment and parolees released
from it in the Federal Republic of Germany are investigated. For an objective assessment of
the use of this type of punishment, a comparison is made on a number of parameters with the
appointment of life imprisonment in the Russian Federation. The comparative data show that
Germany has developed legal and organizational mechanisms for the widespread use of life
imprisonment which are not available in Russia. The authors note that Germany has formed
a different concept of the use of this type of punishment. Despite the lower crime rate than in
the Russian Federation, life imprisonment is used more frequently, and parole is used as an
effective tool for correcting the behavior of persons sentenced to this type of punishment. The
differential treatment of each convicted person and the corresponding set of procedures, both
before and after grant of parole, reflect the real possibility of changing the behavior of persons
sentenced to life imprisonment in the Federal Republic of Germany. Successful algorithms
for the use of this type of punishment show its inextricable relationship with granting parole,
which can be used in Russian criminal and penal law.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: punishment

value: convict

value: life imprisonment

value: serving a sentence

value: grant of parole

value: condition for release from punishment

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nurgaliyev, Bakhyt M.

value: Lakbaev, Kanat S.

value: Kussainova, Aiman K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nurgaliyev, Bakhyt M., Lakbaev, Kanat S., Kussainova, Aiman K. 2019. “Problems of law enforcement practice of secret investigative actions in Kazakhstan”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 577–585.

dc.description.abstract

value:
At present, the legal system of Kazakhstan is undergoing a period of dynamic reform based
on the advanced experience of developed European countries. The reform process is aimed
at improving the efficiency of the criminal justice system by including new methods of obtaining
forensic evidence. At the same time, the Kazakhstan model based on the Soviet period
has significant differences from the Western model. The most important of them is the
separate functioning of types of legal activity, such as operational investigative activities and
criminal proceedings. This article analyzes the different points of view on the institute of secret
investigative actions, which was introduced into the legislation of Kazakhstan in 2014.
One group of lawyers supports these norms. Other scholars categorically object to this legal
institution because of potential violations of human rights and freedoms. Relevant issues
of law enforcement practice of this institution are also examined. Since the introduction of
the institute of unspoken investigations into Kazakhstani criminal procedural legislation,
serious problems of the theory and practice of criminal proceedings have become apparent.
One of the central problems is the continuing separation of police services into operational
and investigative units. Such a division does not correspond to the foreign model of pre-trial
investigation, where such a division is absent. There are two ways to solve the accumulated
problems. The first way is to eliminate the division into operational and investigative units.
The second way is to eliminate the secret investigative actions from the current legislation
and return to the previous model. These proposals can be the ground for further scientific
discussion of the positive and negative sides of the secret investigative actions. On their
basis, proposals may be developed for further reforming Kazakhstan’s criminal procedure
legislation.

dc.subject

value: criminal process

value: hidden investigations

value: investigative actions

value: secret investigative actions

value: operative-search activity


dc.contributor.author

value: Ripinskaya, Elena Viktorovna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ripinskaya E. V. Close reading. Book Review: Aleksei Balakin. The Research in I. Goncharov’s Biography and Literary Works. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (3): 519–524.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 16; Issue 3


dc.contributor.author

value: Del Sordo, Sara

value: Chesnokova, Ekaterina A.

value: Genovese, Umberto R.

value: Akulin, Igor M.

value: Stoyko, Nikolay G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Del Sordo, Sara, Chesnokova,Ekaterina A., Genovese, Umberto, Akulin, Igor M., Stoyko, Nikolay G. 2019 “Legal and ethical implications of voluntary non-therapeutic sterilization as a way of realization of human reproductive rights”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 557–565.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with legal and ethical aspects of sterilization of capable women of reproductive
age. The authors point to the ethical and legal contradiction of establishing a high age criterium.
Also, the authors consider the most common reasons for litigation during voluntary
sterilization.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 3

value: reproductive rights

value: medical sterilization

value: voluntary non-therapeutic sterilization

value: wrongful pregnancy

value: wrongful birth

value: informed consent to medical procedures

value: defects in medical care delivery

value: civil liability in obstetrics and gynecology


dc.contributor.author

value: Baichuan, Ye

value: Bonuo, Zhang

value: Qiurui, Luan

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baichuan Ye, Bonuo Zhang, Qiurui Luan. ‘The October Revolution and the Spread of the Russian Language in China (1920–1930s)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 725–742.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, the authors, using the rich historical path traversed by China, analyze the influence of
the October Revolution of 1917 on this country in terms of the spread of the Russian language on its territory. They
note that the first attempts to spread Russian in China date back to the beginning of the 18th century. Two hundred
years later, due to historical events that occurred in Russia and that shook the whole world, Russian received a
new opportunity for active penetration into Chinese life. This was reflected in the increase in the number of people
studying Russian language and culture. To a large extent, this was the case in Russia's neighboring areas. After
the completion of the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway and after the October Revolution, a large
number of Russian emigrants found themselves in the territory of northeast China. According to linguists, there
are about 1,200 words of Russian origin in modern Chinese. This was facilitated by the fact that, in addition to
literary works, the enormous efforts of the Chinese intelligentsia were directed towards the translation of works
related to the teachings of Marxism on literature and art. Finally, the approval of the new political system in Russia
led to the fact that the Chinese language included terms reflecting the class character of the Soviet state, the
struggle of the ruling party and its opponents, and opposition to the warring parties during the Russian Civil War.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

value: October Revolution

value: Russian language

value: China

value: Russian literature

value: Chinese culture

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Goldin, V. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Goldin V. I. ‘The Civil War in the History of Russia: Historiography, Modern Approaches, Conception, New Edition’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 758–774.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper analyzes the main landmarks in the historiography of Russia’s Civil War, both Russian and
foreign, those most important and prominent projects and editions as an experience and foundation for a new and
fundamental collective research of this subject. The author characterizes modern theoretical and methodological
approaches for a proper understanding of the Russian Civil War as a unique, complex, and contradictory
phenomenon. The article discovers the modern conceptions of the Civil War, its contents and understanding
as a multidimensional and many-sided military, political, social, and cultural phenomenon, and as a series and
complex of overlapping wars and confrontations with different participants. The main wars, military and other
counteractions in the Russian Civil War are enumerated. The author underlines the global and total character
of this war. Accumulated historiographical experience, modern conceptions, theoretical and methodological
approaches serve as a base for the writing of the 12th volume Civil War in Russia. 1917–1920 in the 20-volume
series History of Russia. The Civil War is viewed in this publication not only as a unique phenomenon of Russian
history, but also as a worldwide phenomenon, the outcome of which in many respects predetermined the
development of not only Russia, but also of international relations and humanity in the 20th century. The author
characterizes this project as a whole and especially the structure and contents of the main chapters of the volume
devoted to the Civil War in Russia.

dc.subject

value: Civil War

value: Russia

value: Intervention

value: revolution

value: history

value: historiography

value: phenomenon

value: conception

value: edition


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikonova, O. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikonova O. Yu. ‘Celebrating the First Post-War Anniversary of the October Revolution in Central and Eastern Europe’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 743–757.

dc.description.abstract

value:
During the Cold War, the superpowers used their ideologies as symbolic capital in the struggle for new
spheres of influence. The United States emphasized slogans of freedom and democratic values, and the USSR
propagated ideas of socialism. One of the key “messages” exploited by Soviet cultural diplomacy in the post-war
world was the image of the October Revolution as a benchmark for the struggle for a just socialist system. The
ideas of Great October were most intensively vocalized and reinterpreted during round-number anniversaries.
In 1947, officially celebrated for the first time not only in the Soviet Union, the thirtieth anniversary of the October
Revolution had witnessed the initial efforts of the USSR to sovietize Central and Eastern European countries’
cultures and ideologies. By exploring this case, the article surveys the mechanisms and ways the Soviet festive
activities and rituals were implanted and adjusted to foreign surroundings. Jubilee celebrations are taken here
as part of commemorative practices aimed at developing a “socialist” identity in Central and Eastern Europe
and their further integration into the Soviet cultural and political space of influence. Reconstructing the general
mode of the holiday and the specifics of its functioning in different countries, the article concludes that, in many
respects, the first “common” commemoration of the October Revolution abroad represented a “transitional”
stage where Soviet ideological messages were relatively fuzzy and imposed rituals had to be variably adjusted to
Eastern European social environments.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, project No. 16-18-10213 “Soviet Cultural
Diplomacy during the Cold War (1949–1989)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Cold War

value: Soviet cultural diplomacy

value: October Revolution

value: Anniversary

value: Sovietization

value: All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries


dc.contributor.author

value: Koryshev, Mikhail

value: Ivanova, Ekaterina

value: Petersen, Katja

value: Schmidt, Katja

dc.identifier.citation

value: Koryshev M., Ivanova E., Petersen K., Schmidt K. Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh through the eyes of the German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard in the context of current cultural and medical discussion. Scandinavian Philology, 2019, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 335–349.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper is an attempt to bring together different approaches within the framework
of anthropology, art history and psychiatry in order to study the treatment of
the personality and work of Vincent Willem van Gogh (1853–1890) in the last work
of the famous German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard (1904–1988), the author of the
book Akzentuierte Persönlichkeiten (EN Accentuated Personalities) well-known to
Russian readers. The assessments of Karl Leonhard, which reflected a whole period
both in the history of reception of the work of the Dutch artist in the then divided
Germany, and in the history of German medicine, are the result of a dialogue between
the Dutch art culture and the culture of German nosological psychiatry, inscribed
in the history of the medical discourse of that period and pathographic art
history. Leonhard made a significant contribution to the study and description of
the clinical manifestations of endogenous psychoses. Clinical experience leads the
German psychiatrist to conclude that the diagnosis of schizophrenia, which the Russian
school is inclined to support, and that of epilepsy are wrong, because the artist
suffered from anxiety-happiness psychosis, which is a special form of cycloid psychosis. The evidence-based method used by Leonhard is close to the traditions of
Russian humanistic psychiatry. Despite the fact that Leonhard’s positivist-oriented
nosological approach is currently being criticized by adherents of the psychoanalytic
approach in psychiatry, it should be noted that there is no objective evidence that one
approach excludes the other: in our opinion, they complement each other. Studying
van Gogh’s letters, the testimonies of his contemporaries, and taking into account the
data of later works on van Gogh, the authors of this paper reproduce the picture of
the symptoms of a mental illness, emphasizing the importance of the expansive and
carefully thought-out classification of Leonhard’s endogenous psychoses and focusing
on the evidence of fluctuations in the artist’s affect and disturbances of the process
of perception, his attitude to his own illness from the point of view of psychiatry and
clinical psychology. In addition, the paper provides an overview of the latest pathographic
studies of van Gogh and their critical analysis. In conclusion, the authors of
the paper announce the publication of the full text of Leonhard’s essay in Russian
translation accompanied by commentary by art critics and medical scholars.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 17; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: van Gogh

value: Karl Leonhard

value: pathography

value: post-impressionism

value: endogenous psychosis

value: anxiety-happiness psychosis

value: Russian and German schools of psychiatry

value: nosological and syndromological approach

value: philosophical anthropology

dc.title

value: Article


title: Types of novel compounds in Danish

dc.contributor.author

value: Krasnova, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krasnova E. Types of novel compounds in Danish. Scandinavian Philology, 2019, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 207–216.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Compounding as the most productive way of word formation in Danish, where an
unlimited number of compounds can be formed, presupposes a continuous word formation
process meaning creation of both potential and novel compounds, and a native
speaker is often unaware that a word they create is beyond the scope of dictionaries.
Novel compounds is a term to characterize words formed “occasionally”, within a particular
context of speech communication and, as a rule, inconsistent with the language
norm, i. e. not in line with conventional ways of word formation in this language. However,
this definition can hardly be applied to most novel compounds in Scandinavian
languages, in Danish in particular. True, interesting compounds are being created daily
in the course of speech communication; many of them to a greater or lesser extent demonstrate
deviation from customary rules, but the question is whether they actually contradict
the language norm or the effect of novelty arises by some other means and not as
the result of the language norm violation. In modern linguistics, the term “novel compound”
certainly needs a closer definition not only within a dichotomy “potential compound
— novel compound”. Novel compounds are most various as regards structure
and formation semantics. That is why it is of prime importance to develop a typology
of compounds created with a deviation from conventional word-forming patterns. This
article attempts to present most common types of novel compounds. The study material
includes publications in Danish mass media and the Danish Corpus. The study of
major types of novel compounds in modern Danish suggests that almost all these units have a systemic character while deviation from compounding laws often turns out to be
“legitimate” and can be traced to models already existing in the language.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Supported by the RFFI Grant 19-012-00146.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Danish language

value: word formation

value: compounding

value: potential compound words

value: novel compounds

value: Types of novel compounds in Danish


title: Информация о результатах мониторинга правоприменения за сентябрь 2019 года

dc.contributor.author

value: Дивеева, Нелли Ивановна

value: Новиков, Андрей Владимирович

dc.description.abstract

value: Abstract

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: индексация

value: заработная плата

dc.type

value: Other

format: Microsoft Word XML


title: Цифровая трансформация предприятия и изменение бизнес-моделей в условиях цифровизации экономики

dc.contributor.author

value: Кириков, Андрей Николаевич

dc.description.abstract

value:
Актуальность и практический аспект данной выпускной квалификационной работы заключается в том, что реализация цифровой трансформации является достаточно новым направлением деятельности предприятия, которая направлена на повышения конкурентоспособности и эффективности. На данном этапе развития данного направления еще нет достаточно проработанных принципов цифровизации, способов определения цифровой зрелости предприятия. Так же, нуждаются в доработке методы и направления проведения цифровизации. Для анализа был выбран оборонно-промышленный сектор, потому что влияние цифровой трансформации на производственный сектор, в котором преобладают не цифровые факторы производства и товары, до сих пор до конца не изучен. Также, ОПК является ядром высокотехнологичного промышленного комплекса, поэтому цифровизация данного отрасли является наиболее перспективной.
Цели. Выявить рациональные методы цифровой трансформации (далее, ЦТр) на основе теоретического анализа, а также уже существующей практики и опыта цифровизации предприятий. Выявить направления изменений бизнес-модели предприятия.
Задачи.
•	Проанализировать основные принципы проведения цифрвоой трансформации (далее, ЦТр) на основе открытой отчетности и стратегии ГК «Ростех», ПАО «СИБУР Холдинг», ОАО «Газпром».
•	Сформировать основные принципы цифровой трансформации, которые могут быть применены при составлении методики ЦТр.
•	Составить единую модель этапов проведения ЦТр основанную на анализе существующих методов проведения ЦТр предложенных компаниями PriceWatercooper House, Cetera, The Boston Consulting Group.
•	Представить модель определения цифровой зрелости предприятия.
•	Определить основные направления, по которым может проводиться проект ЦТр на предприятии и методы его проведения.
•	Провести анализ ЦТр в ключевых компаниях ОПК РФ. Определить направления реализации ЦТр и уровень цифровой зрелости в ОПК РФ.
Объект. Объектом исследования является предприятие, функционирующее в условиях цифровой трансформации экономики.
Предмет. Влияние цифровой трансформации на бизнес-модель предприятия. Организационные преобразования, осуществляемые в процессе цифровой трансформации деятельности организации.
Основным методом проведения исследования является анализ стратегий, отчетности и кейсов по ЦТр на основании открытых источников, публикуемых компаниями, которые включили цифровую трансформацию и Индустрию 4.0 в свои корпоративные стратегии.
Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из следующих разделов.
Введение, в котором описывается актуальность темы, ставятся цели и задачи, описывается объект и предмет исследования.
В Главе 1 дается определение цифровой трансформации и основные точки зрения на данный процесс, описываются основные цифровые технологии, обладающие сквозным эффектом. Дано описание и признаки цифровых платформ, показано как при помощи взаимодействия экосистем потребителя и производителя функционирует платформа. Приводятся основные направления изменения взаимодействия компаний и людей в цифровой экономике.
В Главе 2 на основе анализа реализации проекта ЦТр в ГК «Ростех», ПАО «СИБУР Холдинг», ОАО «Газпром» будут сформированы принципы цифровизации, которые могут быть применены при составлении методики ЦТр. Так же, будут составлены основные этапы цифровизации, модель определения цифровой зрелости предприятия, основные направления и методы по которым может проводиться проект ЦТр на предприятии.
В Главе 3 дается описание в оборонно-промышленном комплексе РФ и проблем, которые могут решаться при помощи ЦТр. Определяются сферы цифровизации на предприятии, и дается оценка цифровой зрелости. Предлагается стратегия реализация ЦТр в оборонно-промышленном комплексе РФ.
Список использованной литературы описывает русскоязычные и англоязычные источники. Для написания работы использовались различные учебники, монографии, статьи и электронные ресурсы.

dc.title

value: Thesis

filename: ВКР_Кириков_УФ-17.docx


dc.contributor.author

value: Babkina, Elena V.

value: Maskayeva, Natalia G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Babkina, Elena V., Maskayeva, Natalia G. 2019. Protection against competition law violations: Opportunities for compensation for damages in the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union. Pravovedenie 63 (3): 361–380.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes current legal regulations in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and European
Union (EU) governing protection against integrated entities’ violations of their respective
competition laws. The issues of the policies implemented in this area in accordance with EAEU
law, the correlation of national and supranational regulation and their application (including the
principle of non bis in idem), and the delimitation of the competence of national and EAEU bodies in this area are clarified in light of the provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic
Union (EEC) of May 29, 2014 and advisory opinions of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union
(of April 4, 2017; of December 17, 2018; of June 18, 2019). The absence of a legal ground for
“private enforcement” of the EAEU competition laws, including its most important element —
compensation for losses — is noted. In this regard, the authors analyze the experience of the
European Union in this sphere, which is reflected in the Directive 2014/104/EU of the European
Parliament and of the Council of November 26, 2014 on certain rules governing actions for
damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the member
states and of the European Union. Its key provisions are considered in sufficient detail. Based
on the results of the research undertaken, it is concluded that it is necessary to empower the
Eurasian Economic Commission in the EAEU Treaty to calculate the damages caused by the
infringements of the EAEU Treaty competition rules that have or may have a negative effect on
competition in cross-border markets in the territories of two or more EAEU member states. In
order to implement this, it is also proposed to vest the EEC with the competence to approve
the procedure of recovery and methodology of calculating these damages. According to the
authors, the development of such a procedure requires the study, inter alia, of the mentioned
EU experience.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: competition law

value: private enforcement

value: infringements of competition rules

value: crossborder markets

value: antimonopoly damages

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kolos, Denis G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kolos, Denis G. 2019. Challenging international treaties before the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: Theoretical analysis. Pravovedenie 63 (3): 412–428.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides a theoretical analysis of the provisions of the law of the Eurasian Economic
Union (EAEU) applicable to challenging international treaties concluded within the framework
of the Union before the Court of the EAEU. The author identifies certain contradictory aspects in
the law governing this category of cases that are due to the cumulative legal nature of the acts
submitted for judicial review, the subject of the dispute and its disputants (parties). It is argued
that the Union’s exercise of its international legal capacity to conclude treaties may give rise to
several questions that require legal assessment, including whether the object and purpose of
an international treaty are lawful, the expression of will by the Union is valid, and whether the
observance of the conclusion procedure is complied with. In this regard, the author critically
assesses the lack of competence of the EAEU Court to review international treaties made by the
Union with third states, their integration associations, and international organizations. By referring
to the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the author demonstrates that
judicial control plays a significant role in assessing questions of competence and substance
with respect to the exercise of legal capacity to conclude treaties by an integration association.
The author puts forward and substantiates the proposal to reform the existing competence of
the Court of the EAEU to settle disputes on the conformity of international treaties within the Union
to the EAEU Treaty and replace it with the competence to carry out an optional preliminary
review of international treaties within the Union and international treaties with third parties to
assess their compliance with the EAEU Treaty. It is suggested that member states and bodies of
the EAEU, that are engaged in concluding a treaty, should have the right to address the Court of
the EAEU with a request to conduct a review. If implemented, the proposal will expand the scope
of judicial control beyond international treaties within the Union to also include international
treaties with third parties. This will positively impact the stability of the Eurasian legal order.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: international justice

value: integration court

value: Eurasian Economic Union

value: competence of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union

value: international treaty