dc.contributor.author

value: Bogdanova, Ianina

value: Kartseva, Lyudmila

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogdanova, I. and Kartseva, L. 2023. Structural organization of epidermis in leaves of extant species of Gnetum L. (Gnetales) and Middle Jurassic Bennettitales. Bio. Comm. 68(2): 105–121. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.205

dc.description.abstract

value:
An attempt to assess the identification and evaluation of correlations between the epidermal characters of leaves in Bennettitales and the comparison of the
results with the structural organization of leaves of extant plants has been carried
out. Epidermis of four species of Gnetum L. and four species of Jurassic
Bennettitales (Nilssoniopteris Nathorst and Ptilophyllum Morris) was studied.
The coefficients of variation for epidermal characters Gnetum range from 6.4 to
24.0 %, Ptilophyllum — 15.7–63.5 % and Nilssoniopteris — 18.0–39.9 %. In both
groups of plants, the sinuosity of the tangential cell walls of the epidermal cells
in the upper and lower epidermis is a stable character (Cv ≤ 18.0 %). In the Ptilophyllum
and Gnetum, the length of stomata demonstrates a low level of variability
(Cv ≤ 16.8 %). A significant range of the coefficients of variation in both
Gnetum and Bennettitales show the number of epidermal cells per 1 mm2 of
the upper and lower epidermis (17.5 % ≤ Сv ≤ 31.9 %), the area of the epidermal
cells in the upper and lower epidermis (21.2 % ≤ Сv ≤ 63.5 %) and the number
of stomata per 1 mm2 of epidermis (29.3 % ≤ Сv ≤ 39.9 %). Similarities in the
correlation structure of the epidermal characters are revealed in correlations
between sinuosity of the tangential cell walls of the epidermis, the number of
stomata per 1 mm2 and their size; the length of stomata and the number of
epidermal cells; stomatal index and the number of epidermal cells of the epidermis.
In Gnetum, the number of differentiated stomata correlates with the
number of aborted stomata. In N. angustifolia and P. caucasicum, the number of
stomata correlates with the number of papillae per 1 mm2. Similarities in correlational
structure of epidermis in Nilssoniopteris, Ptilophyllum, and Gnetum could
be ecological adaptations or ontogenetic characters, such as the development
of stomata that has been described by other researchers.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded
by RFBR according to research project
No. 18-34-00912 and partly was carried
out on the equipment of the Center of
Collective Research “Cellular and Molecular
Technologies of Studying Plants and Fungi”
BIN RAS (St. Petersburg).

value: paleobotany

value: plant fossils

value: Bennettittales

value: Gnetum

value: leaf

value: structural organization


dc.contributor.author

value: Kornilina, Polina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kornilina, Polina V. 2023. The doctrine of error in Scotland and the South African Republic. Pravovedenie 67 (2): 137–173. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of a comparative-legal analysis of the doctrine of error at the
contract conclusion in the mixed jurisdictions of Scotland and the South African Republic. The
jurisdictions in question were significantly influenced by the continental civil law tradition as well
as the common law tradition. The civil doctrine was taken as the basis for the formation of the
doctrines of error in the law of Scotland as well as in the law of South Africa and subsequently underwent the influence of common law. In view of this similar doctrine development, both systems
face similar problems: namely, the development of criteria for distinguishing a significant
error from an insignificant one, as well as determining the exact amount of exemption from obligations
assumed by a party to the contract under the influence of a significant error. Thus it is
of interest to consider how the mixed nature is reflected in the doctrine of error, to the formation
of which legal structures it has led to and to compare how each of the considered jurisdictions
manage to solve similar problems arising. The author established a legal analysis of the mixed
systems of Scotland and South Africa Republic, noting their proximity. The main issues of the
doctrine of error are analysed, in particular, the content of the concepts of “material error” and
“justus error” in the law of South African Republic, and the concepts of “essential error” / “error
in substantialibus”, as well as “but for” test in Scottish law. The influence of the introduction
of misrepresentation (in the terminology of English law) on the doctrine of error (mistake in the
terminology of English law) in the legal jurisdictions of Scotland and South Africa is considered.
Also the legal consequences of a significant error are analysed. Despite the lack of clear established
legal consequences of the significant error in the legal jurisdictions in question, Scottish
law stands for voidness, while South African law tends toward voidability.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 67; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: contract

value: error

value: material error

value: mixed jurisdictions

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Rudokvas, Anton D.

value: Thomas, Philip J.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rudokvas, Anton D., Thomas, Philip J. 2023. Co-existence and harmonisation of different legal traditions in South Africa. Pravovedenie 67 (2): 115–136. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This essay introduces a contemporary description of the mixed jurisdiction of South Africa.
It depicts how in South Africa co-existence, harmonization and resistance are found in different
fields of law and identifies both pitfalls and benefits of mixity. Several components are
introduced: civil law, English common law, local customary law, the Bill of Rights and international
legal instruments. The successful harmonisation of civil and common law is ascribed
to introduction of the English administration of justice. The British institutions, structure and
process placed the focus on legal procedure and succeeded to avoid conflict between different
legal cultures as economic transactions ignored different value systems and doctrine.
The same model was, however, not applied in respect of indigenous customary law, where
from the onset choices between values and doctrine were cast in stone with the consequent
conflicts. The new constitution of 1996 is transformative and the courts are instructed to develop
common law and indigenous law to promote the rights, values, spirit and purport of the
Bill of Rights. Thus, in all fields of private law court decisions attempt to realise such transformation
by harmonising constitutional values with legal tradition while strong impetus has
been provided by legislation. As it appears that the need for harmonisation between civil and common law is experienced mainly in the commercial field, the question arises whether civil
law jurisdictions can transform themselves into a mixed jurisdiction by way of legal transplants
to facilitate the global market. Mixed legal systems developed mostly as the result of
colonial history. Civil law and common law were able to mix because the common law court
system and procedure made it possible for English trained judges to successfully merge certain
areas of private law, primarily in the commercial field. This means that the court system
and the law of procedure, but especially training, qualification and selection of judges are of
paramount importance.

dc.subject

value: harmonization

value: legal transplant

value: legal tradition

value: common law

value: mixed jurisdiction

value: customary law

value: constitutionalisation of private law


dc.contributor.author

value: Lanskoy, Grigorii N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lanskoy G. N. Fundamental and applied aspects of geopolitical studies in USA and their influence on contemporary practice of international relations. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 131–150. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Paper is devoted to methodology and content of geopolitical studies realizing in United States
of America. In their complex are analyzing historical and political studies of theoretical and
practical type oriented to analysis of forms and directions of expansion and governance of
different territories by state power institutions. In quality of examples having from point of
contemporary development of international relations evident actuality in paper are selected
monographs and articles devoted to external policy of Russian Empire in period of second
half of 19th and beginning of 20th century. In content of these historiographical sources were precisely presented basic and partially stereotype forms of attraction by American authors of
tendencies of development of other countries with mobilizational type of transformation and
traditional for studies of these authors strategies forecasting of political and in large meaning
social evolution of these countries. In quality of fundamental aspects diversified in these scientific
and partly journalistic works in paper are presented points about global backwardness,
forced and in this occasion temporary overcoming of existing evolutionary problems and final
impossibility of successful concurrence of Russia and other countries with catching type of
development with United States of America, Great Britain and mostly industrially developing
states of continental Europe. To applied aspects of geopolitical studies realizing in USA in paper
were referred interpretations of concrete historical events projected and presented in them
and also their choice and systematization. This definition of studying object is conditioned by
methodological connection between scientific analysis of facts and from one part by development
of international relations and from other part by realizing by many authors decision of
task of explaining external political strategy of state on base of ideologically determined historiographical
discourse caused from one part by development of international relations and
from other part by specific features of expert social mind.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: geopolitical studies

value: historiographical sources

value: history

value: political science

value: international relations

value: state ideology


dc.contributor.author

value: Velikaya, Anna A.

value: Nevmerzhickij, Aleksandr L.

value: Slokvenko, Tatiana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Velikaya A. A., Nevmerzhickij A. L., Slokvenko T. A. The US humanitarian policy in the Middle East in promoting “rules-based” world order. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 117–130. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this article is to study the evolution, current state and prospects for the development
of US humanitarian policy in the Middle East in accordance with US regional priorities.
It notes that humanitarian policy is a key tool for advancing US foreign policy and economic
priorities. While it appears to be a value orientation for external audiences, in fact it relies on
intertwined political and military-strategic aspects to advance the American concept of world
order. The paper outlines the growing importance of humanitarian policy: from a narrow understanding
as a crisis response to defining it as one of the main foreign policy instruments.
The interrelation of political and military-strategic factors influencing the development of the
US humanitarian policy in the Middle East is revealed. Based on the analysis of the essence and
content of the concept of humanitarian policy, the trends in the development of the regional
humanitarian policy of the United States for the future are presented. It is concluded that the
American economic system and high technologies are attractive to the Middle Eastern audience,
but the “rules-based world order” promoted by the United States through the created crises is
not so positively perceived by it. The US humanitarian policy in the region is able to adapt to the
changing imperatives of the time, but at the moment it is not capable of rethinking the changing
international status of the United States in the emerging polycentric system of the world order.
The methodological basis of the research is the method of system analysis, as well as the synthesis
of information contained in official documents, scientific, reference and periodical literature
on the topic under study and their generalization based on personal experience of theoretical
and practical work in the field of humanitarian cooperation.

dc.subject

value: US humanitarian policy

value: public diplomacy

value: Middle East

value: science diplomacy

value: cultural diplomacy

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Resnick, Uri

dc.identifier.citation

value: Resnick U. Israel in the Middle East: A burgeoning “crescent of stability”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 102–116. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.201

dc.description.abstract

value:
The 2020 Abraham Accords normalization agreements between Israel, the United Arab Emirates,
Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan have ushered in a new era in Israeli-Arab relations, setting
in motion novel geopolitical dynamics both within the Middle East and radiating further
afield to adjacent regions. This development marks a qualitative shift in the way that Israel’s regional
integration is perceived by many within the region, with pragmatic, technology-based
collaboration, both bilaterally and multilaterally, replacing the widespread acrimony which
prevailed in the past. Irenic diplomacy aside, the agreements have produced tangible results
in trade, tourism and collaborative technological projects focused on a host of regional development
issues. Given the very strong Israeli-Greek-Cypriot “triangular” partnership, recent
diplomatic achievements with Turkey and Azerbaijan and the explicit role played by India
in some of the new Israeli-Arab multilateral structures, it is no exaggeration to speak of an
emerging “crescent of stability” stretching from the Mediterranean, through the Caucasus,
Central Asia and India, enveloping — and in many ways containing — the destabilizing influence
of Iran. The research objective of the paper is to reveal Israel’s role in the Middle East
region, bringing together the micro and macro levels of analysis and exploring how historical
events and current developments contribute to Israel’s regional position.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Israel

value: Abraham Accords

value: Israeli-Arab conflict


dc.contributor.author

value: Lavrentyeva, Elena

value: Banzaraktsaeva, Tuyana

value: Dambaev, Vyacheslav

value: Buyantueva, Lyubov’

value: Valova, Elena

value: Ivanov, Vladimir

value: Plotnikov, Andrey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lavrentyeva, E., Banzaraktsaeva, T., Dambaev, V., Buyantueva, L., Valova, E., Ivanov, V., and Plotnikov, A. 2023. Taxonomic diversity and functional potential of microbial communities in salt lakes Gudzhirganskoe and Nukhe-Nur (Barguzin depression, Baikal Rift Zone). Bio. Comm. 68(2): 86–96. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.203

dc.description.abstract

value:
On the territory of the Barguzin depression (Baikal Rift Zone) there are salt lakes,
which are unique natural formations formed in exceptional natural conditions
and experiencing extreme shifts in seasonal environmental conditions. This paper
presents the results of the study of the microbial communities in the sulfate
Lake Gudzhirganskoe and the soda Lake Nukhe-Nur in winter and summer seasons:
from the assessment of the taxonomic composition to potential metabolic
pathways. For the first time, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, the
diversity of the microbial community of bottom sediments in summer and winter
was studied. Environmental conditions such as pH, temperature and mineralization
mainly determined the microbial community composition and led to noticeable
shifts in the composition of the community at the level of families and genera.
The change of the “summer” obligate and moderately alkalphilic and halophilic
community to the “winter” alkali-, halotolerant/halophilic microbial community
is observed in the winter period in Lake Gudzhirganskoe. In Lake Nukhe-Nur,
a change from mesophilic-thermophilic community in summer to mesophilicpsychrophilic
microbial community in winter was revealed. The totality of the obtained
results gives an idea about the main trends in the seasonal dynamics of
extremophilic microbial communities in the studied lakes in response to fluctuations
in environmental parameters. The prediction of the metabolic pathways of
prokaryotic communities using the Tax4Fun program made it possible to reveal
similarities and differences in the metabolic potential of the microbial communities
of the studied lakes. Potential functional genes have been found for all stages
of the C, N and S cycles, with the exception of nitrification and aerobic CH4 oxidation.
Only small qualitative and quantitative variations in the relative abundance
of predicted functional genes were found between the microbial communities of
the studied lakes. We predicted metabolic pathways that play an important role
in the adaptation of microorganisms to changing environmental conditions. In
general, it has been shown that there is a change in the dominant taxa at the level
of families and genera in the microbial community in the summer and winter
seasons, however, the predicted functional potential of microbial communities
differed slightly by season and between the studied lakes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was financially
supported by grant of the Federal State
Budget Educational Institution of Higher
Education BGU No. 22-03-0502 and the
state assignment of the IGEB SB RAS
No. 121030100229-1.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 2

value: extremophilic microbial communities

value: taxonomic diversity

value: seasonal dynamics

value: functional potential prediction

value: C, N and S cycles

value: salt lakes

value: Baikal Rift Zone


dc.contributor.author

value: Averianov, Alexander

value: Skutschas, Pavel

value: Lopatin, Alexey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Averianov, A., Skutschas, P., and Lopatin, A. 2023. Ontogeny and miniaturization of Alvarezsauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda). Bio. Comm. 68(2): 65–73. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.201

dc.description.abstract

value:
The ontogenetic status of the known specimens of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaurs
is revised. We present histological data that the holotype of Parvicursor
remotus from the Upper Cretaceous Barungoyot Formation of Mongolia is not
an adult individual, as previously thought, but a juvenile less than one year
old. The miniaturization took place only in the Late Cretaceous Asiatic Parvicursorinae,
whereas the Late Cretaceous South American non-parvicursorine
alvarezsaurids were large animals. The miniaturization occurred by shifting
ossification to earlier ontogenetic stages, in particular, by the closure of the
neurocentral sutures on the presacral vertebrae of juvenile animals. There is
no morphological support for the myrmecophagy in the alvarezsaurids and a
shift to a myrmecophagous ecological niche does not explain the need for miniaturization.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by
the Russian Science Foundation, project
No. 19‑14-00020P, and the Zoological
Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
project No. 122031100282-2.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Dinosauria

value: Theropoda

value: Alvarezsauridae

value: ontogeny

value: miniaturization

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Novikova, Liubov

value: Gavrilova, Vera

dc.identifier.citation

value: Novikova, L. and Gavrilova, V. 2023. An analysis of yield dynamics in Peredovik sunflower variety in the conditions of the North Caucasus Region. Bio. Comm. 68(2): 97–104. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.204

dc.description.abstract

value:
The results of observations for 1971–2002 were used to analyze the long-term
trends of yield and the duration of the growing season in the sunflower variety
Peredovik. The regression analysis has shown that the growing season duration
decreases with the increase in the sum of temperatures above 15 °C. The
yield of sunflower was negatively associated with the sums of temperatures
and the sums of precipitation in May–August, and positively with the precipitation
in April. According to the regression analysis in differences, the main factor
influencing the yield variability was the hydrothermal coefficient for the period
with temperatures above 20 °C, the second factor was spring precipitation. The
possible presence of a non-linear trend in yield dynamics that is not related
to weather and climate conditions has been revealed. With the sustained tendency
of the last 30 years towards an increase in temperatures and a decrease
in precipitation in April, the growing season will keep shortening and the yield
decreasing.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was performed
within the framework of the State
Assignment FGEM-2022-0005.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: sunflower

value: yield

value: growing season duration


dc.contributor.author

value: Sebekin, Sergey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sebekin S. A. How will the conflict in Ukraine affect the system of international information security? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 170–190. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the consideration of the main changes taking place in the system of
ensuring international information security after the start of a special military operation in
Ukraine. An attempt is made to predict the challenges and risks that the IIS system will face in
the future. The priority transformations are connected with the negotiation process within the
UN, which, in the context of increasing political antagonism between the key subjects of the
dialogue, is becoming increasingly politicized and is beginning to experience some difficulties.
It is assumed that in the conditions of the new political reality, the issue of “comprehensive”
counteraction to international cybercrime will remain unresolved. There is some fragmentation
of the international information security system itself, which is experiencing centrifugal
tendencies in terms of promoting alternative approaches to solving key issues in this sphere.
Finally, it can be expected that the United States, in interaction with Russia, will more actively
engage in a proactive strategy of so-called defend forward, which should be implemented through the concept of persistent engagement. The preliminary conclusions demonstrated by
the actions in Ukraine regarding the role and place of cyber attacks directly within the framework
of the armed conflict are also considered. It is assumed that in the near future cyber
attacks will not be considered as a means of achieving real strategic effects on the battlefield,
where conventional weapons play a dominant role. An attempt is made to give some recommendations
on maintaining a certain dynamic of the development of the IIS system.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: international information security

value: open-ended working group

value: Programme of Action

value: cybercrime

value: defend forward


dc.contributor.author

value: Shaposhnikov, Alexander

value: Yuzikhin, Oleg

value: Syrova, Darya

value: Karlov, Denis

value: Sazanova, Anna

value: Azarova, Tatiana

value: Sekste, Edgar

value: Safronova, Vera

value: Belimov, Andrey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shaposhnikov, A., Yuzikhin, O., Syrova, D., Karlov, D., Sazanova, A., Azarova, T., Sekste, E., Safronova, V., and Belimov, A. 2023. Beneficial aluminium immobilizing microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere of pea. Bio. Comm. 68(2): 74–85. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.202

dc.description.abstract

value:
Acid soils contain elevated concentrations of mobile aluminium (Al) ions which
are toxic for plants. Plants form symbioses with the rhizosphere microorganisms
stimulating plant growth and affecting Al availability. Here, for the first
time the approach based on the ability to immobilize Al in soil was applied
for initial selection of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms. Al-Immobilizing
yeast Rhodotorula sp. AL1 and 12 bacterial strains assigned to various genera
and species were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea cultivated in acid soils.
Immobilization of Al was related to the increased pH of the environment and
the formation of insoluble Al phosphates in soil. The strains differed in possessing
beneficial properties such as modulation of the nutrient element (Ca,
Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P) concentrations in soil, production of phytohormones (auxins,
abscisic and gibberellic acids, ethylene), utilization of 1-aminocyclopropane-
1-carboxylic acid and organic components typical for root exudates, acetylene
reduction and antifungal activities. Eight strains promoted root elongation of
radish seedlings by 30 ÷ 50 % with a maximal effect exerted by Cupriavidus basilensis
strain D39. Taking together, the selected microorganisms are promising
models to study the mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions in the presence
of toxic Al and improving Al tolerance of plants in acid soils.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was funded by
the Russian Science Foundation (most
of the work was done through grant
No. 19‑16‑00097, analysis of taxonomic
positions of the studied microorganisms
was done through grant No. 20-76-10042).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: acid soil

value: aluminium tolerance

value: immobilization

value: pea

value: PGPR

value: rhizosphere

value: yeast

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Nikita M.

value: Fushu, Liang

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuznetsov N. M., Fushu Liang. Digital diplomacy of USA and China in the era of datalization. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 191– 200. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.206

dc.description.abstract

value:
Among the numerous discourses on US-China relations in recent years, issues of the influence
of digital international relations (which include such areas as digital/data diplomacy, cybersecurity,
artificial intelligence (AI) development, and the influence of information projects in
social networks) are rarely given explicit consideration. At the same time, all these elements
have come under the pressure of datalization and takes a big pleasure on the place of states in
the world politics. This article reveals the phenomenon of one the most important element of
digital international relations — digital diplomacy of the USA and China — and focuses on
the political and academic discourses about this foreign policy instrument in these countries.
The first part of the study presents academic discourses on digital diplomacy of Chinese and
American experts, provides characteristics of PRC and US digital diplomacy, trends and role
in bilateral relations. The second part of the article reflects the existing strategies and projects
in Chinese and American digital diplomacy in relation to each other. The authors stated that
digital diplomacy evolved from just an instrument of international information broadcasting
to the full-fledged foreign policy mechanism which already has visible elements, structural
connections and an evolutionary path of development with difficult methodology and institutional
regulation, covering the issues of public diplomacy and cybersecurity, and which is the
main instrument of the new ideological and economic confrontation of two powers.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: digital diplomacy

value: data diplomacy

value: public diplomacy

value: propaganda

value: discourse

value: Big Data

value: USA

value: China


dc.contributor.author

value: Khudoley, Konstantin K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khudoley K. K. An original work on the history and modernity of Korea. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 201–205. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
[Book review:] Lan’kov, A. N. (2021), Korea: Leap into Modernity, Novosibirsk: Siberian Branch of
the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the RAS Press. 384 p. (In Russian)

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Tev, Denis B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tev D. B. The “revolving doors” practice in Russia: Movements from public authorities to GR-management of companies (based on the analysis of biographies). Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 263–282. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the practice of transitions of public officials to the GR-management of companies
and the factors that determine it. The empirical basis of research is a biographical database
of 279 GR directors included in the ratings published in the Kommersant newspaper in
2010–2021. For each of them, a biographical questionnaire was filled out containing information
about the date of birth, type of education and career path; which was then statistically processed.
The sources of information were the websites of companies, authorities and other organizations,
corporate reports, media materials, biographical Internet portals. The author makes a number
of conclusions. Firstly, although work experience in state apparatus is quite widespread among
GR managers, it is not an indispensable prerequisite for holding such positions. Secondly, most
common among GR managers are figures with experience in the federal administration (especially
in economic departments), while people from representative bodies, as well as from regional and
local administrations, are much less common. Thirdly, most often people from public authorities
work as GR managers in state-owned companies, and least often in foreign companies. In terms
of industry, the most common political and administrative experience is among managers in industries
that are highly subject to state regulation, such as the fuel and energy complex and metallurgy. At the same time, there is a tendency for officials to move to work in companies belonging
to subordinate industries. The factors of transition of politicians and officials to the positions of
GR managers are considered, in particular, such as career interests of statesmen, legislative restrictions
on the employment of officials in business after resignation, the interest of firms in hiring
people from the state apparatus. It is noted that the mass migration of public figures into business
may create a conflict of interest.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 19; Issue 2

value: GR-managers

value: authorities

value: business

value: politicians

value: officials

value: career

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Brodovskaya, Elena V.

value: Davydova, Maria A.

value: Lukushin, Vladimir A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Brodovskaya E. V., Davydova M. A., Lukushin V. A. Information flow of protest mobilization in the Russian segment of social media. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 195–214. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article presents the results of applied political research dedicated to the analysis of
information flows of protest mobilization in the Russian segment of the social media. The context of
the research is conditioned by the increasing external information pressure, destructive activities
of opposition political actors, as well as protest processes in neighboring countries, which are used
to implement the technology of contagion and distribution of protest activity on the territory of the
Russian Federation. The research methodology is based on the use of a hybrid strategy and a
combination of modern methods of socio-media predictive analytics: cognitive mapping of digital
content, automated social media analysis, social graph method, and oculometric (eye-track)
analysis. According to the results of the study the authors made a conclusion about the significant
impact of the special military operation in Ukraine on the level of protest potential in the society: at
the start of the special operation the growth of protest sentiments was determined, in the process
of implementation the decrease and growth of social consolidation. During 2022 the moderators
of protest information flows, following the ‘catch-all’ strategy use a variety of triggers: violation of
political rights and freedoms, social problems, new geopolitical challenges. Protest communities
generating digital content aimed at protest audiences are characterized by high controllability
and density of internal connections. The greatest mobilization efficiency was demonstrated by communities with a high proportion of opinion leaders. At the same time in the process of formation
of protest information flows continues to use the technology of demonstration of ‘peaceful’ protest,
which allows to scale the user audience. Users characterized by a restlessness, impulsiveness,
risky behavioral patterns and an external locus of control demonstrated loyalty to protest content.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project
no. 20-18-00274), HSE University.

dc.subject

value: political protest

value: protest mobilization

value: digital protest

value: social media

value: information flows

value: digital content

value: digital communication

value: oculometry

value: social media analysis


dc.contributor.author

value: Shestopal, Elena B.

value: Rogach, Nikolay N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shestopal E. B., Rogach N. N. Stages of transformation of the psychological state of Russian society: Politico-psychological analysis. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 150–165. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological state of Russian society (PSO) at different
stages of its transformation. The article is based on three studies of recent years. Thus, during
the first stage (study of November 2017) before Presidential elections of 2018 we have found the
high level of societal consolidation around the President, improvement of perception of all the
main political actors, weakening of the complex of “national inferiority” that was formed from the
mid-1980-s till the “Crimean spring”. At the same time, these positive characteristics got along
with negative trends; political apathy and cynicism. At the second stage — the pandemic period
(study of spring — autumn 2021) PSS had substantially declined. COVID-19 strongly weakened
the Russian society. Change of the life conditions was reflected in images of authorities, power institutions and leaders, transformed political predispositions and values of Russians who experienced
severe depression and were totally demobilized in the face of the threats that grew more
and more both from inside and from outside. At the third stage (study of April — May 2022) special
military operation in Donbas had totally ousted pandemia from the public mind and caused
reformatting of mass consciousness never seen before. One could observe high consolidation of
society around the president. It is not just a situational consolidation around a flag. Deep positive
trends that started to be formed in 2014, have strengthened and now dominate. Crimean consensus
turned into Donbas consensus. Simultaneously the value split took place.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: psychological state of Russian society

value: political perception

value: images of power

value: political values

value: ideas

value: attitudes

value: emotional reactions of citizens

value: coronavirus

value: special military operation


dc.contributor.author

value: Popova, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popova O. V. Communication peculiarities of politized communities in Russianlanguage telegram channels. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 215–229. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of the analysis of the features of political communication in the
Telegram Russian-speaking political communities. Popular Russian-language political Telegram
channels with a stable audience have been analyzed. When conducting the study, the case study
method was used. The author proves that the traditional five-component model of political communication,
developed by G. Lasswell in the 1940s, is preserved in online network communication.
The author takes the position that political online communication, having received some new and
strengthened the traditional characteristics of offline political communication, cannot be considered
something radically different and fundamentally new. An author’s typology of politicized
telegram channels is proposed in terms of the dominant expert or manipulative function, the positioning
model of the channel’s authorship, and also taking into account such criteria as the style
of the message, the presence / absence of feedback, the format of communication between the
audience and the author of the posts. It is shown that the “one to many” communication model
is of limited use in the Telegram messenger. Strategies for constructing the information part of
telegram-channel messages are revealed. Additional metrics have been introduced to measure
“digital creolized political content”. The consequences of changing the paradigm adopted in the
classical model of political informing the audience and strengthening such characteristics as text
manipulativeness, emotiveness, expressiveness, illogicality/incoherence, ideological, syncretism,
emotional pathos, eccentricity, rhetorical simplicity, efficiency, gamification of information, interactivity,
instantaneous criticism, immediacy of comments. Examples of the use in popular politicized
Internet channels of such techniques as “digital demagoguery”, reduced speech style,
theatricalization, scenario performances, manipulative creativity, the use of images of fake characters,
clickbaiting are given.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project no. 1221011100040-8
“Peculiarities of modern political discourse and mechanisms of interaction in virtual communities of
VKontakte and Telegram”. The project is being implemented at the Institute of Scientific Information
for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences following the selection of scientific projects
supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and the Expert
Institute for Social Research.

dc.subject

value: politicized online communities

value: political communication

value: online communication

value: political manipulations

value: messenger

value: telegram channels

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Martyanov, Denis S.

value: Lukyanova, Galina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Martyanov D. S., Lukyanova G. V. Cross-platform factor in political discourse of virtual communities. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 244–262. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the transformation of online communication in connection with the transition
from platforms based on Web 2.0 technology to “non-Web” platforms. The phenomenon of “the
death of the Web” and the dynamics of trends in the development of online communication
are considered. We have chosen the discourse of politicized virtual communities of the vk.com
social network and the Telegram messenger in the context of a special military operation as a
case for empirical research. In this paper we analyze the technological aspects of online media transformation and the cyberbalkanization factor. Based on the theory of M. McLuhan, we
highlight the media, institutional, audience, community and discursive factors in the formation of
cybercommunication as components of the analysis of cross-network influence on the Internet
discourse. The media factor is associated with media technology, the institutional discourse sets
the context of the “rules of communication”, the audience factor is associated with the sociodemographic
specifics of Internet content consumption, the community factor involves the choice
of a homogeneous or heterogeneous type of communication, and the discursive factor determines
the ideological framework for discussions of political issues. We apply lexical diversity analysis
and cluster analysis for the vk.com and Telegram communities. The results of this study show a
greater lexical diversity of the social network vk.com. The features of political communication on
these platforms in the conditions of special military operation are revealed. Thematically opposed
clusters of cyberdiscourse are highlighted. Assumptions about the cluster distribution factors are
made. A discourse analysis of the comments of more than 100 virtual communities was made
and conclusions were drawn about the homogeneity and dialogic nature of the discourse, the
identity of the audience of virtual communities. The specificity of identifying political “enemies”
in the context of cross-platform analysis is revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects
for research on this topic.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study has been carried out within the framework of the research project no. 122101100040-
8 “Features of the modern political discourse and interaction mechanisms in virtual communities
on VKontakte and Telegram”, realized in the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of
Sciences, in accordance with the results of the selection of research projects, sponsored by the Russian
Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Expert Institute of Social Sciences.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: virtual communities

value: political discourse

value: social networks

value: instant messengers

value: social media

value: public sphere

value: echo chamber


dc.contributor.author

value: Selezneva, Antonina V.

value: Khatkevich, Alexandra A.

value: Baranova, Tatiana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Selezneva A. V., Khatkevich A. A., Baranova T. V. Youth political leadership in modern Russia: Determination of the theoretical foundations and conceptual framework of the study. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 283–297. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Youth leadership today is one of the most relevant and widely discussed topics both at the level
of the state and public administration and at the level of society. At the same time, youth political
leaders become full subjects of public policy. The article attempts to comprehend and conceptualize
the concept of youth political leadership taking into account the evolution of socio-humanitarian
science and the current political field. The theoretical basis for this is developments
in the field of political leadership and youth leadership. The study of scientific literature allows us
to conclude that there is a number of problematic issues which dictate the need for additional
theoretical scrutiny of the youth political leadership concept. Among such issues, the authors
highlight: linguistic features of the translation of the concepts of “youth political leadership”
and “youth political leader” in English-language literature; the definition of leaders as youth,
when the researchers take the age criterion as a basis, which causes semantic contradictions;
a narrow understanding of the political space, when only authorities and socio-political associations
are considered behind the environment of the implementation of youth leadership. From
the authors’ point of view, a youth political leader can be considered a youth leader who has
become or pretends to become a political leader. The main criteria for categorizing youth political
leaders are: their origin from the sphere of youth politics, the perception of their youth as
political leaders, continuation of a political career in “adult” politics. Becoming a youth political
leader means acquiring a professional affiliation with public policy or public administration.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was conducted within the framework of the project “Youth political leaders in modern
Russia: personal and professional potential and recruitment channels” under the no. 075-01391-22-03
(FEGG-2022-0009), implemented at the Chelyabinsk State University on the basis of the selection
of scientific projects carried out by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian
Federation and Autonomous Non-Profit Organization Expert Institute for Social Research (ANO EISR).

value: political leadership

value: youth leadership

value: youth political leadership

value: youth political leader

value: youth policy

value: perception


dc.contributor.author

value: Popova, Olga V.

value: Grishin, Nikolai V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popova O. V., Grishin N. V. Political trust of Russian youth: “Are we heading in the right direction?”. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 298–317. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.210 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper presents an analysis of the results of a mass online survey of Russian youth conducted
in November 2021. The survey was organized within the implementation of the research project “Political Trust of the Russian Youth: Formation Mechanisms, Status, Trends, Systemic Risks”.
When processing the survey results, statistical and mathematical methods were used. Sex and
age groups characterized by different levels of political trust have been identified. Socio-demographic
portraits of groups of Russian youth with different types of attitudes towards the events
taking place in the country have been compiled. Women, to a greater extent than men, expressed
support for the government course. The highest level of loyalty to state authorities was revealed
in the age group under 20 years old. Possessors of low educational indicators are most inclined
to give an unambiguously positive assessment of the country’s political course. In the question of
the influence of property status on the level of youth’s political trust, it was revealed that the most
prosperous representatives of the new generation show a greater tendency than other groups to
believe that governmental policy is being carried out in the right direction. Differences in political
trust were revealed depending on the nature of youth employment: from the highest rates among
schoolchildren to the lowest rates among young people who combine study and work. Depending
on the federal district, it was revealed that the highest level of loyalty is characteristic of the
youth of the Southern Federal District. The stably observed trend of a higher level of political trust
among residents of rural areas and small towns compared to residents of cities was confirmed.
The presence of a statistically confirmed relationship between the indicators of political trust and
the assessment of the state of affairs in the country has been proved.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out at the Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the
Russian Academy of Sciences with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education
of the Russian Federation and the Expert Institute for Social Research within the framework of the
research project no. 122101100043-9 “Political Trust of Russian Youth: Formation Mechanisms, Current
State, Trends, Systemic Risks”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 19; Issue 2

value: political trust

value: youth

value: trust in authorities

value: social trust

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozova, Svetlana S.

value: Budko, Diana A.

value: Babyuk, Irina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozova S. S., Budko D. A., Babyuk I. A. Features of political communication in virtual communities of the context of global challenges and risks. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 230–243. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of political communication in the modern
world. As an example, we study virtual communities in the Telegram messenger and the VKontakte
social network. The text examines the specifics of the modern digital era, and, in particular,
its phenomenon as virtual political communication, as one of the main horizontal ways of
communication between individuals. The author emphasizes the inherent nature of the process of
mediatization of politics in the modern world, as well as such an important aspect of it as awareness
of oneself as a citizen as a direct participant in the implementation of power interactions. Special
emphasis in the work is placed on the practices that currently exist in the Russian Federation. In particular, there is an increase in the interest of Russians in political events and, as a result, taking
into account the global political situation, not only the growth of the popularity of VKontakte and
Telegram, but also the emergence of new innovations, as well as the growth of the popularity of
the former ones. There are three main groups of publics: media; communities of political actors;
around topical key political issues. The changes in political communication between citizens and
the state are investigated. The article provides recommendations on how best to carry out this
interaction from the point of view of public authorities: high-quality visual content with an emphasis
on concise videos and “presence effect”; user-oriented content marketing; effective speech
communication; temporal strategy. There is a request for how, in the conditions of numerous fake
and discrediting publications, to increase confidence in public authorities at all levels.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project no. 1221011100040-8
“Peculiarities of modern political discourse and mechanisms of interaction in virtual communities of
VKontakte and Telegram”. The project is being implemented at the Institute of Scientific Information
for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences following the selection of scientific projects
supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and the Expert
Institute for Social Research.

dc.subject

value: political communication

value: virtual communities

value: mediatization of politics

value: social media


dc.contributor.author

value: Zotov, Vitaly V.

value: Vasilenko, Liudmila A.

value: Zakharova, Svetlana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zotov V. V., Vasilenko L. A., Zakharova S. A. Social media as a platform for stakeholders of the public administration system. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 178–194. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the social network space of public communications as an field for the
interaction of various groups of stakeholders who are ready to decide and act in the interests of
society. At the theoretical level, the authors reveal the importance and prospects of organizing
the interaction of stakeholders in social media to solve socially significant problems, and as well
as in practice they present the results of an expert survey, within the framework of which it was
possible to identify various groups of stakeholders of the public administration system, see the
differentiation of their interests, the relationship built between them, their role in the process of
interaction in social media, and obstacles to this interaction. Among the important results of an
expert survey the authors note the opinion that social media contribute to the self-organization of stakeholders in solving problems affecting the local community; help to hold officials accountable,
perhaps because of the possibility of criticism of their activities in the social network public
space; informing stakeholders with feedback elements make the dominant way to interact. The
authors conclude that despite attempts to combine the efforts of stakeholders in the socionetwork
space, it is impossible to fully identify their subjectivity. There also remains the problem
of organizing the moderation of community consolidation processes in solving socially significant
problems, since at present there are no full-fledged mechanisms for the interaction of power and
society both when identifying social problems and in the process of developing and implementing
management decisions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Project
no. 20-011-00694

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: public communications

value: stakeholders

value: public administration system

value: expert survey

value: social network space


dc.contributor.author

value: Gutorov, Vladimir Alexandrovich

value: Myrikova, Anna Valerievna

value: Shirinyants, Alexander Andreevich

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gutorov V. A., Myrikova A. V., Shirinyants A. A. Russophobia concept in modern political discourse. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 166–177. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.202

dc.description.abstract

value:
Russophobia is one of the most odious phenomena that Russia has been facing for several
centuries. At present, the Russophobic ideology has been adopted by almost all major Western
countries; it determines the political agenda in the confrontation of these countries with Russia.
To effectively oppose this policy, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the origins of the
Russophobic policy. The study and criticism of Russophobia presuppose the reconstruction of
historical events, social factors and political ideas that constitute the origins of this phenomenon
as well as the main directions of its evolution. It is important also to identify the main trends and
versions of Russophobic ideology and investigate the place and role of Russophobic stereotypes
in the public consciousness and ideological conflicts in the modern world. First of all, it is necessary
to define the concept of “Russophobia” and evaluate the evolution of Russophobic discourse
in socio-political life of the 20th–21st centuries. The article characterizes various ways of presenting
Russophobia in political science discourse, showing the multifaceted and multifunctional nature
of this political and ideological phenomenon based on fear of a strong Russia which is perceived
as the “despotic antithesis” of European “democratic” civilization, as well as contempt for the
“barbaric” and “slavishly submissive to the authorities” Russian people. A comparative analysis
of approaches to the definition of the concept of “Russophobia” is carried out. The connection
of Russophobia with ideology and propaganda is revealed. The following characteristic features
of anti-Russian stamps, clichés, negative stereotypes that, in fact, constitute Russophobia are
determined: falsification of historical data, the reporting of ridiculous information about Russia
and Russians, the use of various kinds of fakes, reader manipulation techniques — forgeries,
hoaxes, half-truths etc. The authors substantiate the position that only strong and independent
Russia defending its national interests and civilizational values can resist successfully this global
stream of political propaganda.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 23-28-00182. https://
rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-00182/.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russophobia

value: public consent

value: falsification of history

value: civilization

value: culture wars

value: ideological discourse

value: political values

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Arshin, Konstantin V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Arshin K. V. Russians as a “state-forming peoplе” or “state-forming people” as Russians (response to the article by V. A. Achkasov “Why do Russians need the status of a ‘stateforming people’?”). Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 333–348. https://doi. org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.212 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article disputes the point of view that the introduction of the term state-forming people
into Article 68 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is a legal nonsense and has only
the consequence that it irritates the ethnocratic elites of the national republics that are part
of Russia. From the author’s point of view, the Russians have never asserted themselves
as a state-forming people. The culture of the Russian people was inclusive, which allowed
it to include the most important elements of the culture of other peoples. Slogan “Russia
for the Russians”, popular among modern Russian nationalists and nationalists of the early
20th century, turns out to be borrowed, and its initial understanding was associated with the
assertion of the need for Russia’s development and as a reaction (!) to the actions of the
ethnocratic elites of the outlying territories of the country. In Soviet times, it was the Russians
who brought a lot of good to the peoples of the RSFSR and the union republics. An analysis
of the current state in terms of the formation of the Russian nation has shown that, according
to sociological studies, it is regions (where Russians are the majority) who are more positive
about the idea of the Russian nation and are ready to form it. On the contrary, residents of
national republics are more inclined to emphasize their regional identities to the detriment of
their general civic identity. The author agrees with a number of political scientists who argue
that the basis of the nation is the development of civil society, and only if a developed civil
society appears in Russia, the project of a general civil Russian nation can be successfully
implemented.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russians

value: foreigners

value: nation

value: national consciousness

value: nation-building

value: national self-determination

value: national self-consciousness


dc.contributor.author

value: Pugacheva, Oksana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pugacheva O. S. Possibilities and limitations of South Korea’s public diplomacy towards North Korea. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 318–332. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.211 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article investigates South Korea’s public diplomacy toward North Korea. The author
analyzes the factors that determine the choice by a state of a model of public diplomacy
— cooperative (consultative) or non-cooperative (advocating interests) — in relation to
a particular foreign society. The key research question: to what extent it is possible to use
the instruments of public diplomacy in inter-Korean relations, which are distinguished by
a conflict and highly centralized interactions. The restrictions that prevent the Republic of
Korea from using public diplomacy in relation to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
are defined as well as solutions are proposed to overcome the limitations and search for
opportunities for inter-Korean interaction in the long term. The possibilities of the ROK in
conducting both cooperative and informational public diplomacy toward the DPRK are rather
limited. Social and humanitarian exchanges require reciprocity from the North. South Korea’s
offensive unification rhetoric and politics meets rejection from the DPRK and hinders the
normalization of inter-Korean relations. The lack of consensus in the ruling circles of the ROK
on the necessity and content of the broadcasting of “promises” to the North Koreans also
serves as an obstacle to the implementation of public diplomacy with respect to the DPRK.
Despite the difficulties and limitations, it would be politically expedient for South Korea to
continue to search for formats of cooperation with North Korea in the social and humanitarian
field and to conduct a discourse focused on normalizing inter-Korean relations. The social
and humanitarian dimension offers promising opportunities for interaction since it is aimed at
solving practical problems of mutual interest. South Korea’s public diplomacy towards North
Korea should prioritize the engagement of the DPRK in the transnational links.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 19; Issue 2

value: public diplomacy

value: Inter-Korean relations

value: Republic of Korea

value: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

value: Korean Peninsula

value: social and humanitarian sphere

value: social and humanitarian cooperation


dc.contributor.author

value: Degtyarev, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Degtyarev A. A. The first swallows in the difficult world of learning GR. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 349–355. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.213 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
[Book review] GR and Lobbying: Theory and Technology: Textbook for Universities,
V. A. Achkasova [et al.]; ed. by V. A. Achkasova, I. E. Mintusov, O. G. Filatova. 2nd ed. Moscow: Iurait
Publ., 2021. 438 p.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrov, Sergey V.

value: Borozdin, Aleksey P.

value: Oleynik, Ivan L.

value: Tarasova, Irina P.

value: Kotova, Irina K.

value: Kotov, Sergey R.

value: Shelukhina, Yuliya S.

value: Kolusheva, Ol’ga S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrov, S. V., Borozdin, A. P., Oleynik, I. L., Tarasova, I. P., Kotova, I. K., Kotov, S. R., Shelukhina, Yu. S., Kolusheva, O. S. (2023). Composition and formation conditions of noble metal ores of the Koykar-Svyatnavolok sill (Republic of Karelia). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 68 (2), 235–264. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2023.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Viksha iron ore deposit is confined to the Koykarsko-Sviatnavolok sill, where as a part
of ore bodies, in addition to the main components — iron and titanium, it contains gold,
platinum, and palladium. The purpose of this publication is to determine the type and patterns
of noble metal mineralization in gabbro-dolerites of the Koykar-Svyatnavolok sill, to
consider the mechanisms of accumulation and localization of precious metals in ore bodies.
The repeated occurrence in the section of the intrusion of an association of two rock varieties
of contrasting composition (high-iron — titanomagnetite gabbro-dolerites, and high siliceous — granophyres), as well as the revealed petrographic, petrochemical and geochemical
regularities, allow us to consider liquid stratification of magmatic melt as a mechanism
for the formation of ore titanomagnetite horizons (segregation). This liquid immiscibility led
to the accumulation of noble metals in the high-iron fluidized liquate in accordance with distribution
coefficients of nobel metals between silicate and oxide melts and between melt and
fluid. The confinement of noble metal mineralization to sulfide, cobaltite-bornite-chalcopyrite
accumulations in ore titanomagnetite horizons has been established, which corresponds to
the low-sulfide noble metal type of mineralization. Precious metal mineralization is represented
by both native mineral forms (arsenides, sulfoarsenides, antimonides and intermetallides
of platinum group metals, gold and silver tellurides, electrum, native gold) and isomorphic
impurities in bornite and cobaltite. The relationship between the formation of minerals bearing
noble metals and the process of chloritization against the background of the transformation
of protolith titanomagnetite is shown. A model for the concentration of precious metals
from basaltoid melt in several stages is proposed: enrichment of fluidized high-iron ore liquat
with precious metals; their accumulation in the residual fluid and in the sulfide liquid during
the crystallization of ore liquat; their partial entry into the hydrothermal solution during fluid
cooling and hydrothermal metasomatism of earlier crystals. The localization of noble metals
occurred as the residual fluid cooled, due to the destruction of complex chloride and sulfide
compounds with noble and non-ferrous metals and the crystallization of sulfide-precious
metal paragenesis within the ore horizons.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: iron ore gabbro-dolerites

value: Viksha deposit

value: low sulfide noble metal type of mineralization

value: model of concentration and localization of noble metals


dc.contributor.author

value: Anisimov, Roman L.

value: Petrakova, Marina E.

value: Baltybaev, Shauket K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anisimov, R. L., Petrakova, M. E., Baltybaev, Sh. K. (2023). Kaalamo and Velimyaki paleoroterozoic gabbroid massifs of the Northern Ladoga area: Thermodynamic modeling of crystallization and evolution trends of igneous rocks. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 68 (2), 265–292. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Kaalamo and Velimyaki gabbroid massifs are located in the south-eastern part of the Raahe-
Ladoga suture zone of the Karelian craton and the Sveсofennian mobile belt. These massifs
were formed almost simultaneously 1.89 Ga ago, occupy the same tectonic position and are
located in a single unit of the Early Proterozoic metamorphosed rocks: the intrusions are
contained by the Early Proterozoic supracrustal stratas: garnet-biotite gneisses and micaceous
shales of the Ladoga series, as well as amphibolites of the Sortavala series. Despite this, the
gabbroids of the compared massifs differ sharply in their material composition, especially the
content of alkalis in a differentiated series of rocks. The results of thermodynamic modeling
of magmatic crystallization (Magma Chamber Simulator, MELTS packages) showed that a
differentiated sub-alkaline series of rocks of the Velimyaki massif cannot be obtained from
magma of the Kaalamo massif by slightly changing such parameters as pressure, water content
in the melt, and oxygen fugacity. The assumption of a significant difference in these parameters
for magmas of the Kaalamo and Velimyaki massifs is not confirmed at the mineralogical-
petrographic level and other characteristics of the rocks of the compared ones. The effect
of contamination at the level of the magma chamber also does not significantly shift the trend
of rock compositions from the calc-alkaline region to the sub-alkaline region. Analysis of the
results of thermodynamic modeling of magmatic mineral formation in the two massifs allows
us to make it possible to conclude that the Kaalamo and Velimyaki massifs were formed either
from various parent melts, or their initial melt was one, but the magma of the Velimyaki
massif underwent contamination with enrichment with alkalis along the migration route of
magma until the level of the upper crust was reached.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was funded by the Research Project of the Institute of Precambrian Geology and
Geochronology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (no. FMUW-2022-0002) of the Ministry of Education
and Science of the Russian Federation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: paleoproterozoic

value: Svecofennian belt

value: gabbroids

value: thermodynamic modeling

value: MCS

value: MELTS


dc.contributor.author

value: Korekina, Maria A.

value: Savichev, Alexander N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korekina, M. A., Savichev, A. N. (2023). Conditions of formation and sources of fluids of the birthplace of barren residential quartz of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic and hydrothermal-metamorphogenic genesis (Middle and South Urals). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 68 (2), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper considers the conditions of quartz formation of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-
metasomatic and hydrothermal-metamorphogenic genesis of deposits and manifestations of
the Middle and Southern Urals based on the study of fluid inclusions by methods of thermobarogeochemistry,
ion and gas chromatography. It is established that the studied quartz objects
are formed in a wide temperature range, against the background of insignificant differences in
pressure values. It is shown that the temperatures of mineral formation in deposits of hydrothermal-
metamorphogenic-metasomatic genesis vary from 440–230 °C at a pressure of 1.2–1.4 kbar.
The formation of these veins occurred with the participation of K-Mg-Fe-chloride fluid with a salinity of 1.2–8.7 wt. % NaCl-eq., depleted Mg and Fe due to the deposition of magnesia-ferruginous
carbonates. A typomorphic feature of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic
quartz is the high values of boron associated with the placement of quartz veins among pegmatoids
and the presence of boron-containing mineral inclusions on quartz-vein objects. Veins of
hydrothermal-metamorphogenic genesis were formed when the crack system was filled with
quartz with the participation of a substantially K-Na chloride fluid (0.2–15.5 wt. % NaCl-eq.),
at homogenization temperatures of 435–335 °C and a pressure of 1.3–2.3 kbar. In the composition
of fluid inclusions of hydrothermal-metamorphogenic-metasomatic quartz, the sum of
“harmful” components (H2O, CO2, CH4, Cl, B, Na, K, Mg and Li) is less than in hydrothermal-
metamorphogenic quartz. The studied quartz deposits and veins were formed in the range
of temperatures and pressures not higher than the green shale stage during several successive
stages: the formation of quartz veins — in a more high-temperature hydrothermal stage, while
subsequent changes in quartz veins occurred under the influence of metamorphism processes,
with a decrease in temperature. Subsequent changes are associated with the appearance of fracturing,
cataclysm and recrystallization of quartz bodies with a decrease in grain size.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out within the framework of state order 122062100023-5, South Ural Federal
Scientific Center for Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: quartz

value: thermobarogeochemistry

value: fluid inclusions

value: metasomatism

value: metamorphism

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gerasimov, Boris B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gerasimov, B. B. (2023). Typomorphic features of placer gold of the Sololi River basin (northeast of the Siberian platform). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 68 (2), 218–234. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2023.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Mineralogical features of placer gold and gold-sulfide ore occurrences of the Sololi river basin
from the Sololi uplift of the Olenek arch have been studied. According to the typomorphic
indicators, two types of gold are distinguished. The first type is gold of a tabular and lumpy
shape, often with mineral indentation imprints. The inner structure is represented by granulation,
and recrystallization, high-grade intergranular veins, and high-grade shells typical of
the gold of intermediate reservoirs. This type of gold is characterized by a high fineness. The
sources of this type of gold were gold-bearing intermediate reservoirs of the Permian and
Riphean widely developed in the studied area. The second type of gold includes subrounded
and poorly rounded gold, ore gold of hooked, tabular, crystalline and angular-lumpy shapes
with a pitted-bumpy or flat surface, as well as large growths of gold with quartz. The fineness of
this type of gold varies from low to very high. Its primary sources were probably quartz veins
genetically related to the metamorphic rocks of the Eekit series and Precambrian rhyolites.
Ore occurrence formed by the Late Permian clastic rocks during the processes of the Mesozoic
tectonomagmatic activation is considered as an additional source of feeding. Establishment of
indicators of low-temperature hydrothermal processes as mineral parageneses, such as mercury
gold, cinnabar and barite, suggests shallow and low-temperature formation conditions
of this ore occurrence.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 22-27-20033, https://rscf.ru/project/22-27-20033.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Siberian platform

value: Olenek uplift

value: conglomerates

value: placer gold

value: typomorphic features

value: fineness

value: inner structure

value: disseminated gold sulfide mineralization

value: mineral inclusions

value: tectonomagmatic activation


dc.contributor.author

value: Zharinova, Natalya Yu.

value: Yamskikh, Galina Yu.

value: Zbucki, Łukasz

value: Makarchuk, Darya E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zharinova, N. Yu., Yamskikh, G. Yu., Zbucki, Ł., Makarchuk, D. E. (2023). Geochemistry of Holocene — Late Pleistocene sediments in the Berezovka River valley (Near-Yenisey Siberia). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 68 (2), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2023.206

dc.description.abstract

value:
Despite their great importance, Holocene — Late Pleistocene sediments are poorly studied
in the valleys of rivers in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe territory. We present the first detailed
study of the geochemical composition of the first floodplain terrace sediments in the valley
of the Berezovka River, and the continuous accumulation that occurred at the Late Pleistocene
— Holocene (from 20833 ± 519 cal yr BP). This is of great fundamental importance and
is the basis for further studies on the influence of anthropogenic activities on the natural environment
in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration. The sediments were covered by modern alluvial
dark-humus hydrometamorphosed soil. Macromorphological studies and investigation of the
humus content have revealed a well-developed process of humus formation and humus accumulation,
a gley process. The measured contents of some elements (U, Pr, Rb, V, Bi, Cd, As, Th,
Ga, Co, and Sm) exceeded the respective Clarke values for the Earth’s crust. The distribution
of most elements and their accumulation in the Middle-Late Holocene (from to 5477–4985
to 1241–803 cal yr BP) in the middle of the sediment profile is explained by the high content
of mud and clay minerals. Based on the coefficients of radial migration, we established that
most of the studied elements were introduced into the sediments during high water levels and
floods. The values of palaeomarkers indicate a change in climatic conditions in the Late Pleistocene
and Holocene from dry and cold to more humid and warm, and from arid and cold (in
the Early Holocene) to modern climatic conditions, respectively.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Krasnoyarsk Territory, and
Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project no. 20-45-240001.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 68; Issue 2

value: Geochemistry of sediments

value: radiocarbon dating

value: Holocene

value: Late Pleistocene

value: Berzovka River first floodplain terrace

value: alluvial soils

value: Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

value: Yenisey River basin

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Opekunova, Marina G.

value: Nikulina, Anna R.

value: Smeshko, Irina V.

value: Kirichenko, Valeria S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Opekunova, M. G., Nikulina, A. R., Smeshko, I. V., Kirichenko, V. S. (2023). Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of bioindication methods in monitoring environmental studies in St. Petersburg. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 68 (2), 331–356. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2023.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of bioindication methods in determining
the state of the environment in St. Petersburg on the example of Vasileostrovsky
and Pushkinsky districts. The content of chemical elements in soils, poplar bark Populus balsamifera,
Tilia cordata and Betula pendula leaves, moss (Sphagnum angustifolium) and lichen
(Cladonia stellaris) traps was studied, the integral index of fluctuating asymmetry of linden
leaves T. cordata and birch B. pendula was calculated, soil biotesting using Daphnia magna and
Chlorella vulgaris was carried out. It is established that the main sources of pollution of the
urban environment are motor transport, the Baltic plant in Vasileostrovsky district and the
industrial zones “Shushary” and “Pushkinskaya” in Pushkin district. The territory of the park
zone of the Pushkin district can be considered as a conditional background for environmental
monitoring. The use of fluctuating asymmetry of tree species leaves in bioindication studies is
recommended only in conjunction with the results of chemical analysis. Poplar bark seems to
be the most convenient bioindicator for assessing environmental pollution over a long period,
the chemical composition of the leaves of tree species (linden T. cordata and birch B. pendula)
reflects information about the intake of pollutants during one growing season, analysis of the
chemical composition of moss and lichen traps allows you to determine the intake of pollutants
in a relatively short period of time and identify sources of pollution. To assess the ecological
state of the urban environment on the basis of the Harrington desirability function, an
integral bioindication parameter (BIP) has been developed, taking into account the degree of
transformation of individual environmental components under the influence of anthropogenic
load: a change in the chemical composition of plants relative to clark (background) values;
the manifestation of fluctuating asymmetry of tree species leaves compared to the norm. The
effectiveness of BIP application for geoecological assessment of the state of the environment
in cities is shown.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant
no. 19-05-00508 “Screening of key indicators of the ecological state of large industrial agglomerations (on
the example of St. Petersburg)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: bioindication

value: biotesting

value: metals

value: soils

value: integral bioindication parameter

value: Harrington’s desirability function

value: Populus balsamifera Bieb. crust

value: Tilia cordata L. leaves

value: Betula pendula Roth. leaves

value: fluctuating leaf asymmetry


dc.contributor.author

value: Bugrova, Irina Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bugrova, I. Yu. (2023). On the revision of historical collections of three-dimensional models of foraminifers from the Paleontological Museum of St. Petersburg State University. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 68 (2), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Two collections of plaster models of foraminifera from the Paleontological Museum of
St. Petersburg State University were studied. The first one (No. ПЛ ОФ 721) is represented
by 95 objects. The time of its acquisition and authorship were unknown, some of the models
were kept without labels, there was no catalog and records of its receipt. The collection has
not been used for teaching or exposure in the museum. As it turned out the creator of the
original collection was Academician Alcide d’Orbigny, who first described foraminifers as a
separate group of animals in 1826 in the monograph “Tableau méthodique de la classe des Céphalopodes”. The 100 plaster foraminiferal models were made by him to illustrate the
classification the new group. The original d’Orbigny’s collection is kept in the National Museum
of Natural History in Paris, and its copies were acquired by museums and universities
in different countries. The copy of the d’Orbigny collection of the Paleontological Museum
of St. Petersburg State University was probably made by the German trading company
“Dr. F. Krantz, Rheinisches Mineralien-Kontor”. It was acquired by the Imperial St. Petersburg
University for the Geological Cabinet (museum), which were created since 1870 by
Professor A. A. Inostrantsev. Based on literary sources, the history of revisions of the d’Orbigny
collection has been restored. That made it possible to correct errors in the museum
labels, as well as to establish the original names of species depicted as models and bring
them into line with the now accepted foraminiferal taxonomy. The second collection (No.
ПЛ ОФ 75) is only a part (15 objects) of the collection of 100 models made by Václav Frič
to illustrate foraminiferal classification scheme by the Austrian paleontologist August von
Reuss. It was purchased for the Geological Cabinet of the Higher Women’s (Bestuzhev)
Courses and subsequently entered the Department of Paleontology, established at Petrograd
University in 1919. As a result of the revision, the species affiliation of the species depicted
as the models was established in accordance with the modern system of foraminifera.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: micropaleontology

value: foraminifera

value: history of collections

value: three-dimensional models of paleontological objects

value: A. D. d’Orbigny

value: August von Reuss

value: Václav Frič trading company

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Emelchenkova, Elena N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Emelchenkova E. N. The Evolution of the Concept of Complement (补语 bǔyǔ) in Chinese Linguistics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 307–331. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the description of buyu (补语 bǔyǔ), i. e. a linguistic concept of a
complement perceived as a special part of a sentence in Chinese linguistics. The problem of
distinguishing grammatical units of a sentence that share one syntactic function is considered.
Less than a century ago China did not have any knowledge of theoretical linguistics of its own,
so it had to borrow the concept from foreign science. Thus, the notion of a complement that
supplements the semantics of a verb or an adjective in a predicate was introduced by Li Jinxi
who had borrowed it from English grammars and applied to Chinese syntax. However, soon
enough it had become a subject of revision. The article reflects how the concept of buyu has
become a mixture of related linguistic phenomena by its gradual meaning extension. Besides,
the paper analyses topmost structural and semantic features of the units that perform the role
of buyu in a sentence, as well as summarises the criteria for distinguishing it from other parts
of a sentence, i. e. an object and adverbial modifier. It is claimed that a single and consistent
approach should be employed to the relevant elements with the same syntactic function and
that the existing descriptions of Chinese grammar should be reexamined providing the concept
of buyu. Finally, the author stresses the necessity to use the term dopolnitel’niy element
(‘an additional element’) for terminology consistency in Russian sinological literature.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Chinese language

value: Chinese grammar

value: Chinese syntax

value: sentence parts

value: parts of the sentence

value: sentence elements

value: complement

value: buyu


dc.contributor.author

value: Lukin, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lukin A. V. Oriental Studies as an Academic Field and Its Prospects in Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 234–252. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses the evolution of the concepts of “Orient” and “Oriental Studies” throughout
history and offers a new approach to interpreting Oriental Studies as a complex academic
field. It also discusses the trajectories of its further development in Russia. The author believes
that Oriental Studies should centre upon the degree to which Asian and African societies
embraced Westernisation, mechanisms of reception of Western culture by their traditional
non-Western structures and consequences of this reception. In accordance with this interpretation,
Chinese studies as well as other fields that focus on major non-Western civilisations
(Indology, Middle Eastern and African studies) fall into a broader academic category of Oriental
studies instead of turning into mere subfields of Area Studies. The article maintains that
it is essential to move away from Western-centrism, however, this should not be substituted
with the opposing extremes: the ideas of supremacy of the East over the West or the theory of
the original sin of the West and its demands to “cancel” the field of Oriental studies as “colonialist”
or “racist”. Not only would this trend lead to a new wave of ideologization in academia,
it may also trigger a new wave of demands to “decolonise” Russia and its academic circles.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: Orient

value: Oriental studies

value: subject

value: Westcentrism

value: civilization


dc.contributor.author

value: Breslavets, Tatiana I.

value: Kuzhel’, Yuriy L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Breslavets T. I., Kuzhel’ Yu. L. Poet Sogi’s Journey to Shirakawa Barrier. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 253–274. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The diary of the Japanese poet Sogi (1421–1502) “Shirakawa kiko” (“Journey to the Shirakawa
Barrier”, 1468) is analyzed. The sacred place, sung in the lyrics of the past, is the beginning of
the song (utamakura). The diary is divided into two parts. This is the result of the development
of the genre in the art of renga (connected stanzas) poets. The subject of the study is the
prose part. It reveals an increased suggestiveness (yojo) of artistic speech. In the reminiscent
variety, a picture of intertextual discourse is formed, the significance of the literary tradition
is revealed. It makes up the latent layer of the text, covering the entire narrative. The essay is
considered as a memoir diary, it is dominated by emotional content (aware), dating back to
the cult of feelings of the aristocratic era. In the chronotope of the diary, a plexus of times and
spaces is found, creating an illusory vision of reality as a reflection of the poet’s Zen consciousness.
The journey remains unfinished, affirming the infinity of the path and recalling the rotation
of the wheel of samsara — the cycle of life and death. The path in the illusory, changeable
world affirms the idea of mortal existence (mujo), which has become the fundamental Zen
Buddhist concept of the diary.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: medieval Japanese literature

value: poet Sogi

value: travel diary

value: Shirakawa barrier

value: intertextual discourse

value: allusive

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Makaryan, Albert A.

value: Soghoyan, Astghik V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makaryan A. A., Soghoyan A. V. The Image of Chichikov in the Works of Raphael Patkanyan. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 275– 287. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the influence of the famous Russian writer N. V. Gogol on the prose of the
Armenian writer R. G. Patkanyan. The subject of the research are Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”,
Patkanian’s novel “Ambitious”, the play “Pampulius” and the story “Armenian Chichikov”. One
of the key issues is the study of Armenian transformations of the Chichikov type, its similarities
and differences in comparison with the Russian prototype. Historical-comparative, comparative,
structural-morphological methods are used as the methodological basis of the study:
the works were considered according to their content and structure. The article examines the
connections and relationships between Russian and Armenian literature at a new level, as
well as the influence of Russian literature in general: it studies Gogol’s literary school outside
Russia, which had various ideological, philosophical and artistic influence on the works of
Armenian writers and on Patkanyan in particular. One of the main problems of the article is
the question of choosing and characterizing a scoundrel hero, since Patkanyan, under the influence
of Gogol, also puts a person striving for wealth at the center of his works and builds his
plot around him. The morphological commonalities of the works are also considered: entry
into the city, establishing connections with influential people, successes, disclosure of negative
plans, escape. As a separate issue, the problem of marriage for money is also investigated: the
characters guided by a simple thirst for power are looking for a bride with a rich dowry. By
following Gogol’ example, Patkanian also portrays the negative aspects of Armenia and Armenian
reality and criticizes them trying to offer possible solutions to these problems. Being a
student of the Gogol school, Patkanyan follows the example of the latter and in various issues and techniques of artistic generalization follows the same literary path, but he is not copying
it: in his works, Patkanyan offers independent and unique solutions.

dc.subject

value: N. V. Gogol

value: R. G. Patkanyan

value: Chichikov

value: Altmazov

value: scoundrel hero

value: literary connections

value: Armenian literature

value: the influence of Russian literature


dc.contributor.author

value: Golovachev, Valentin Ts.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Golovachev V. Ts. Obverse and Reverse of the Imagology: a New Monograph by St. Petersburg Orientalists on Peter the Great’s Image in East Asia, and Vice Versa. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 222–233. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This publication aims to review and conceptually evaluate the collective monograph “The Image
of Peter the Great in East Asia countries”, published in the year of the 350th anniversary of
the first Russian Emperor and representing a new milestone in Russian science. The monograph
prepared by a group of well-known St. Petersburg orientalists testifies to the significant
development of comparative Imagology in Russian Oriental studies, caused by the rapid rapprochement
of Russians and Asian peoples, the growing number of scholars, as well as the
relevance, quantity and quality of their research in this field. The new book can be put on a par
with the “Leo Tolstoy and the Orient” (1971) — a landmark book for Russian historiography,
while the topic “Peter the Great and the Orient” is comparable in scale to the Oriental Space
of the great Russian writer and serves as a unique refraction of Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”
paradigm, which is extremely complicated, meaningful and interesting for academic study.
As the review of the monograph reveals, during the study of Peter the Great’s image in the
East Asia countries, the authors surpassed the title theme in quite a positive and creative way.
But, considering the fundamental immensity of such theme as “Peter the Great’s Image in the
Oriental countries”, it seems necessary to issue the second more expanded edition, enriched
by the new countries and peoples of Asia and Africa, just like the “Leo Tolstoy and the Orient”
monograph. The imagological research work could be also continued in the foreseeable future
(before 2037) by the new fundamental international study, such as “Pushkin and the Orient: A. S. Pushkin’s Image in the Oriental countries and the Orient in the masterpieces of the great
Russian poet”. The groundwork for such an academic project already exists in Russian Orientology
for a very long time.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Oriental studies

value: East Asia

value: imagology

value: image

value: Peter the Great

value: Tolstoy

value: Pushkin


dc.contributor.author

value: Berberov, Burkhan A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berberov B. A. Representation of Zoomorphic Images in Karachay-Balkar Proverbs and Sayings Using Elements of Frequency Analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 288–306. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the representation of zoomorphic images in Karachay-Balkar proverbs
and sayings using elements of frequency analysis based on “AntConc” concordancer.
During the analysis, we found that the images of sixty animals were reflected in the Karachay-
Balkar folklore. To form a more complete picture of the world, the article further reveals the
images of individual animals, including by conducting a comparative analysis with proverbs
and sayings of other peoples. The author pays special attention to rare zoomorphic images,
i. e. those animals that are not represented in the territory of modern residence of Karachays
and Balkars (for example, elephants, lions and tigers). The analysis conducted allows to conclude
that the zoomorphic images used in Karachay-Balkar proverbs and sayings are largely
universal and are reflected in various cultures and languages. However, the most popular images
are those that together make up the appearance of the Karachay-Balkar shepherd’s work.
The identified animals can be classified into the following four categories: animals watched by
the shepherd, his assistants, pests, and animals that make up his ration in the mountains. The
results obtained can be used in teaching schoolchildren and students the Karachay-Balkar
language, as well as become a starting point for conducting and developing similar studies in
the context of other languages, including those belonging to the Turkic language group.

dc.subject

value: zoomorphic images

value: sayings

value: proverbs

value: frequency analysis

value: concordancer

value: Karachay-Balkar language

dc.title

value: Article