dc.contributor.author

value: Nagornova, Ekaterina V.

value: Volkova, Yana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nagornova E. V., Volkova Ya. A. The concept HOUSE in Penelope Lively’s The House in Norham Gardens. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (2): 343– 364.

dc.description.abstract

value: In this paper, the verbalization of one of the key concepts in the English sphere of concepts, HOUSE, in P. Lively’s novel The House in Norham Gardens is analysed. The research is based on a three-layer model of a concept developed by V. I. Karasik, as well as the method of linguo-conceptual analysis which involves the following steps: 1) definition and etymological analysis of the lexeme house; 2) analysis of the lexical and phraseological units representing the concept in the language, 3) contextual analysis of the corpus of contexts in which the lexeme house is used. The traditional, “cultural”, verbalization of the HOUSE is compared with the author’s individual one, which is derived through a similar analysis of the author’s contexts. In the novel, a certain extension in the meaning of the core components is traced — the concept HOUSE acquires the basic features of the concept HOME. The method of linguo-conceptual analysis allows us to reveal the variety of images connected with the idea of the house. The metaphorical models “the house is a museum”, “the house is life”, “the house is a dinosaur/monster” employed by the author add to the conceptualization of the house as a major value of English culture. This concept is based on the archaic understanding of the house as “one’s own”, internal, mastered space, which confronts the strange, external space of chaos. The analysis allows us to assume that the procedure of the linguoconceptual analysis of the individual author’s concepts opens up prospects for further study of the individual author’s concepts in modern English literature, followed by a comparative study in the intercultural dimension.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The publication is supported by “RUDN University Program 5-100”.

dc.subject

value: author’s worldview

value: cognitive linguistics

value: concept HOUSE

value: cultural concept

value: Penelope Lively

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kovsh, Andrei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kovsh A. V. Development of bilateral trade and dynamics of the trade balance between the Russian Federation and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, 2004–2018. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 2, pp. 265–285.

dc.description.abstract

value: For a long time, the USSR was the key economic partner of the DPRK. However, after 1991, the share of the Russian Federation in North Korean foreign trade significantly decreased. Today, Russia is second among the top ten most important economic partners of the DPRK. This article presents a brief overview of the bilateral trade between the Russian Federation and the DPRK for 14 years from 2004 to 2018. Statistical and customs data were gathered from customs agencies of 8 Russian federal districts that are not the constituent units of the country but exist for the operation of main federal government agencies. The article utilizes the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System that is applied by Russian Customs Agencies, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature. This is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. Sophisticated methods or specific tools (the gravity equation, partial-equilibrium trade-policy simulation, etc.) were not applied to analyze the trade balance between two countries. The article is not meant to prove an assumption, but rather it is meant to provide a general understanding of the structure and extent of bilateral trade between the Russian Federation and the DPRK.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russian Federation

value: DPRK

value: North Korea

value: bilateral trade balance

value: trade structure

value: commodity groups

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Akulenko, Vadim S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Akulenko V. S. History of bilateral cooperation in the field of fisheries between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 2, pp. 169–190.

dc.description.abstract

value: Fisheries, known to provide food security, have played a significant role in the economy of the Republic of Korea (ROK). With an increase in population and seafood consumption, ROK has been forced to seek out new sources of seafood from abroad and locate new fishing grounds for its fishing fleet. This propelled the development of bilateral cooperation in the field of fisheries with the USSR (later Russian Federation) in 1991. Since then, bilateral cooperation in the field of fisheries has developed rapidly, especially in fishing, combatting IUU fishing, and scientific research. Unfortunately, the great potential of cooperation in the fields of fish processing and aquaculture is still undeveloped, but Russia and Korea are trying to advance it as its great potential is hard to be ignored. This article is devoted to the problem of establishing and developing bilateral cooperation in the field of fisheries between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea. It examines the history of the development of cooperation between the two countries in the field of fisheries in five main areas of collaboration: fishing, fish processing, aquaculture, combatting IUU fishing, and science. In order to carry out this study, the author analyzed three types of sources: statistical data, documents and reports of official institutions, and data collected from the news agencies’ archives.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: fisheries

value: bilateral cooperation

value: Russian-Korean relations

value: IUU fishing

value: pollack


dc.contributor.author

value: Rykov, Anatoly V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rykov, Anatoly. “Absent Look. Edouard Manet and Timothy Clark’s Theory of Modernism”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 2 (2020): 266–273

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper considers issues of interpretation of Edouard Manet’s oeuvre in the context of the Modernist theory of art. The focus is on the Anglo-American theoretical tradition. The author traces the evolution of Modernist conceptions in the American study of art (from Formalism to “New Art History”). Emphasis is given to Timothy Clark’s “Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers” (1984) and its evaluation from the Post-Structuralist point of view. The author concentrates on the key metaphors and mythological constructs of Clark’s text (flatness, literalness, the society of the spectacle, ideology, class, uncertainty, and resistance to interpretation). T. J. Clark’s theory of modernism is analyzed in connection with reductionist and negativist strategies in the modern humanities. T. J. Clark’s attitude to the Formalist tradition and Clement Greenberg’s heritage is examined. The main Marxist conceptions, developed in the works of Marx, Benjamin, and Adorno (alienation, reification, fetishism), have their analogies in aestheticism, formalism and modernism. This is the reason why Clark’s interpretation quite naturally supplements the existing scientific literature on the subject. Specific attention is given to the semiotic element in Clark’s Marxism. The author speaks of the advantages of Manet’s interpretation in Jacques Derrida’s vocabulary of notions (absence / presence, différance, and deconstruction). Particular importance is paid to Manet’s links to Primitivist strategies and eighteenth-century art. The author comes to the conclusion that Marxism can be interpreted as a cultural phenomenon and Modernist hypertext. According to this logic, Clark transforms Marxist theory into a system of metaphors projecting it onto concrete artistic material. The paper is part of the author’s project investigating the origins of modernist / avant-garde art.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 2

value: modernism

value: avant-garde

value: theory

value: art

value: Edouard Manet

value: Timothy Clark

value: Clement Greenberg

value: Marxism

value: Jacques Derrida

value: postmodernism

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Edelman, L. F.

value: Manolova, T.

value: Shirokova, G.

value: Tsukanova, T.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Edelman L. F., Manolova T., Shirokova G., Tsukanova T. 2020. Context matters: The importance of university and family for young nascent entrepreneurs. Russian Management Journal 18 (2): 127–154.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Nascent entrepreneurs are those individuals who engage in start-up activities as part of the
process of starting a new venture. In many cases, these activities lead to successful founding,
but in some situations, the entrepreneur’s initial ideas go unrealized because the new venture
cannot mobilize the necessary resources needed to create a fledging firm. In this paper, we
look at the impact of the family and university social context on young student nascent
entrepreneurs. Our findings based on Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey
(GUESSS) wave in 2011 suggest that both family and university have a significant impact on
the entrepreneurs’ progress through the venturing process. However, when we take a finergrained look, we find surprising gender differences. Female entrepreneurs rely on their strong
family ties for support; however, they are also able to better utilize their weaker university
connections to make progress through the venture creation process than are men. This suggests
that for women, all types of social support are important in their venture creation processes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research has been conducted with financial support from Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-18-00081).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: nascent women entrepreneurs

value: start-up activities

value: social context

value: university support

value: family support


dc.contributor.author

value: Filonov, Evgeny A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filonov E. A. “Being as a book”: Topos — formula — cliché (to the topoi of modernity). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (2): 196–216.

dc.description.abstract

value: In the recent decades, the idea of a literary topic as a phenomenon that belongs mainly to the culture of the rhetorical era is increasingly being revised: it is evidenced by a number of works on the ‘finished forms’ beyond the borders of the era of ‘reflexive traditionalism’. These studies are united by a common approach: as a rule, they describe specific cases of the complex functioning of the traditional loci communes in the authors’ works of the 19th–21st centuries, that is, they move in their consideration from an individual artistic image to a metaphorical archetype. This article is an attempt to describe the functioning of the traditional topos in the literary system of the non-canonical era from the point of view of an opposite approach. ‘Being as a book,’ one of the most common topoi of the rhetorical era, is described in the classical works of E. R. Curtius, D. Čiževskij, and A. M. Panchenko. In modern culture, the metaphor of ‘world readability’ (H. Blumenberg) remains relevant and acquires new original manifestations. However, there is another form of functioning of the traditional topos beyond the framework of the culture of the finished word. In literature of the 19th century, its main variants (‘The Book of Nature’ and ‘The Book of Fate’) continue to exist in the form of the stable formulas that preserve the values that arose at different stages of a metaphor’s life. Such a topos-formula has the possibility to develop and acquire new meanings connected with definitive contexts (‘The Book of Life’ of writers-democrats and ‘The Book of Memory’ in the elegiacal tradition). When stable semantics disappear, the formula transforms into a stylistically neutral cliché. Topos in particular forms maintain their presence in Russian literary discourse of the 19th century.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research is supported by the RFBR, project No. 18-012-00570 “Topics of the post-territorial era: theory and practice”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: topos

value: locus communis

value: Book of Nature

value: literary discourse


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrov, Alexander M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrov A. M. From the Latin short story to the Russian spiritual verse: From the history of one folk plot. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (2): 172–195.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article considers the history of the poetic versions of the plot of “The Enchanted Monk” in the Russian poetic tradition. These versions were not previously subjected to a special study. In the article, the poetic versions of the plot are arranged in chronological order among the entire corpus of literary and folk texts, a brief historical commentary is provided to each text, the verse of each text is analyzed, and a picture of the history of the plot in its poetic form is presented. The methodology of the research includes the elements of the “Russian method” (quantitative assessment of verse parameters, rhythmical analysis, etc.). In certain cases, a semantic interpretation of the meter is used. The metre and rhythm of the poetic versions are considered in the historical and cultural context, against the background of the poetic tradition. The main points in the poetic history of the text are as follows: literary syllabic verse (17th century); transitional poetic and prosaic forms (18th century); the first trochaic literary imitations of a folk verse (18th century); classical iambic tetrameter (19th century); free iamb in a literary translation with a predominance of five-footed lines (20th century); four-footed amphibrach in the folk tradition (20thcentury). An attempt is made to identify the literary source of the origin of the four-footed amphibrach in folk verse: such a source was probably the Russian ballad verse at the beginning of the 19th century.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This article was prepared as part of a state assignment at the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the planned project “Folklore, Handwritten Booklore and Literature of the European North: Source Study and Poetics”, individual section: “The Problem of Structure and Typology of the Russian Folk Epic Verse”

dc.subject

value: spiritual verses

value: folklore

value: literature

value: verse study

value: poetics

dc.title

value: Article


title: Suite vs Sonata in the Baroque Era

dc.contributor.author

value: Bocharov, Yuri S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bocharov, Yuri. “Suite vs Sonata in the Baroque Era”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 2 (2020): 210–229.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article focuses on the suite and sonata as two important genres of instrumental music of the Baroque era. The author draws attention to the widespread misconceptions that Baroque suites were usually built on the basis of four dances: allemande, courante, sarabande and gigue, and Baroque sonatas in general were divided into 2 types — church (sonata da chiesa) and chamber sonata (sonata da camera). He also points to the historical mistake in defining the form of any four-movement Baroque composition (“slow — fast — slow — fast”) as a da chiesa cycle, as well as to the principle error of the traditional interpretation of the sonata da camera as a suite based on the inaccurate translation of the original definition from Sébastien de Brossard’s “Dictionnaire de Musique” (1703). The main idea of the article is that the common comparison of suites and sonatas as two different genres of Baroque instrumental music is possible only in terms of modern musical practice. However, in the Baroque era, the genres, which we call sonata and suite, were actually different phenomena, and their comparison was largely meaningless. Baroque sonata was a form of multi-movement musical work intended to be performed entirely while the suite was formed from many separate and completed pieces; it was not a united work ordinarily. Despite the fact that suites were often formed on the basis of one or another typological principle, they, as a rule, turned out to be nothing more than repertoire collections for learning to play musical instrument or for playing music at home. And although multi-movement orchestral suites, unlike solo ones, had a better chance for full performance, they were also not generally considered as concert works, but were used mainly as a repertoire for Musique de Table, Music for a Firework, etc.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Baroque

value: instrumental music

value: suite

value: sonata

value: da chiesa

value: da camera

value: genre

value: form

value: composition

value: Suite vs Sonata in the Baroque Era


dc.contributor.author

value: Kalnitskaya, Elena Ya.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalnitskaya, Elena. “Museum Director: Job, Profession, or…? A Hundred-Year Long Experience of Directorship at the Peterhof State Museum-Reserve”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 2 (2020): 340–365.

dc.description.abstract

value: When studying the history of museum work, modern cultural scholars have not paid enough attention to the issues of museum management, which are of great importance for every museum. The museum consisting of the palaces and parks of Peterhof, established after the nationalization of the imperial residence in 1918, were initially headed by a curator and later by a director. The director determined museum policy, organized scientific, conservation, financial and economic work, and maintained contacts with government officials. In the early stages of the museum’s development, the director’s responsibilities included organization of educational work, inventory of palace collections, and preservation of architectural monuments. Later on, the area of responsibilities expanded and changed to keep up with the historical process. Workers of culture and people with a more democratic background held the director’s position. Numerous Party bureaucrats later gained the position, and during the last stage historians with a special education served as directors. Having gone through the transformation of palaces and museums into “museums of noble life”, the conversion of historical landscapes into parks of “culture and recreation”, through the tragedy of political repressions and wartime evacuation, through the difficulties of the post-war revival of the complex and many other things, the directors of the Peterhof museum created an amazing historical and cultural phenomenon known all over the world today.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Peterhof

value: museum-palace

value: historical and cultural phenomenon

value: director of the museum

value: museum management

value: restoration

value: museology

value: cultural studies


dc.contributor.author

value: Bukharkin, Petr E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bukharkin P. E. N. K. Gudziy — image of the scholar in historical retrospective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (2): 158–171.

dc.description.abstract

value: In the last decades, the history of philology has attracted significant attention. As a result, studying the heritage of prominent scholars who made their contribution to philology is undoubtedly important. Gudziy (1887–1965) belongs to such scholars. The article provides a general review of his career with a focus on the most up-to-date issues. In the context of modern culture, Gudziy’s works are of interest in three aspects. Firstly, Gudziy is a good example of a sharp mismatch of general cultural reputation of a scholar with the real volume of his achievements. Gudziy is known primarily as the author of the famous textbook “The History of Old Russian Literature”. However, his creative activity was not limited by this book and by medieval studies in general. As a scholar he left a tangible trace in many branches of literary criticism. Secondly, Gudziy was considered to be one of the few successful scholars of the first half of the 20th century who relied mostly on the experience of the pre-revolutionary philology: he was more traditional than innovative. However, his works are of great importance and in some respects they have retained their significance till nowadays. Thirdly, the fate of Gudziy provides grounds for comprehending the position of a successful, though principled, humanitarian scholar in the 1930s — early 1950s, the limits of his possibilities and necessary compromises. From this point of view on the problems, Gudziy’s works and his scholarly career are considered in this article.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 2

value: N. K. Gudziy

value: philology

value: Slavic studies

value: Russian literature

value: Medieval studies

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dunne, Timothy Andrew

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dunne, Timothy. “Reading the Epigraph-Figuration in Sergei Slonimsky’s Master and Margarita”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 2 (2020): 192–209.

dc.description.abstract

value: The research here brings under scrutiny an essential compositional element found in Sergei Slonimsky’s 1972 operatic score, Master and Margarita. At issue is the “Epigraph-Figuration” — a 14-note chromatic melody presented on the score’s frontispiece and found in a myriad of variation throughout the 3-hour chamber opera. Teasingly abstract in its aspect, not limited to any one particular dramatic role, and in reflexive correspondence with the Goethe quote commencing Bulgakov’s famous novel, the Epigraph-Figuration has inspired compelling exegesis and speculation. Exactly because the attraction of extra-musical hermeneutics is so strong for scholars of Bulgakov’s Master and Margarita, Slonimsky’s melodic figuration has lacked an objective examination sufficient enough to explain the significance of its many kaleidoscopic incarnations. This is exemplified, but not limited to, the compelling hypotheses of multi-disciplinary scholar Siglund Bruhn who sees the figuration as a representation of spiritual “opening” — symbolically significant as she places it in the dynamic context of the Soviet history of cultural thaw and cultural repression well known to Slonimsky and his peers and colleagues. But the present author will arrive at an alternate orientation, aided in no small part by a brief paradigmatic analysis of the actual, empirical presence of the Epigraph-Figuration in ten selected score excerpts. With the recent passing of Slonimsky, the music world and contemporary Russian culture has lost not only a fabulously brilliant and dedicated composer, but a courageous civic figure who tirelessly dedicated his life to the musical development of others with unflinching moral certitude and uncompromising creative integrity. The present author, and former student of Slonimsky, arrives at an alternate conclusion, discovering in the Epigraph-Figuration a robust illustration of one of the composer’s most salient aesthetic principles — affinity for the Subject and care for its right to individual growth — demonstrated in his unique treatment of each of its multiple, morphological iterations.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Sergei Slonimsky

value: Mikhail Bulgakov

value: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

value: epigraph-figuration

value: Siglund Bruhn

value: expanding wedge contour

value: paradigm analysis

value: permutation


title: The Korean puzzle: A view from India

dc.contributor.author

value: Khudoley, Konstantin K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khudoley K. K. The Korean puzzle: A view from India. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 2, pp. 286–290.

dc.description.abstract

value: Review of the book Major Powers and Korean Peninsula: Politics, Policies and Perspectives. East Asia Strategic Review. Ed. by Title Basu. Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses. New Delhi, 2019. 373 p.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.title

value: The Korean puzzle: A view from India


title: Preface

dc.contributor.author

value: Grishina, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Preface. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 95–97.

dc.description.abstract

value: Preface

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sapogova, Elena E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sapogova E. E. The concept “life” in personal thesauri of adults. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 98–127.

dc.description.abstract

value: In the framework of the existential-narrative approach developed by the author, a theoretical and empirical analysis of one of the levels of a personal thesaurus (the “Life”-macrothesaurus) is presented. The article contains some results of a study of the personal thesaurus of respondents of three age groups: young adults (30–40 years old), adults/mature (45–60 years old), elderly and aging (over 65 years old). The study is based on the author’s position on the hierarchical structure of a personal thesaurus, which includes: a meta-level formed by subjective ontology (1); the macro-level, consisting of two adjacent macrothesauri “Me” and “Life” (2); a mini-level consisting of existential concepts (3) and a micro-level formed by current concepts-quanta that capture a person’s distinctive existential experience (4). The study used the author’s semi-projective technique “The semantic personality thesaurus”, which includes 20 tasks for choosing verbal, imaginative, symbolic associations with the “Life”-concept, for its paremic and metaphorical comprehension, for correlating one’s own model (or life strategy) with archetypal, literary and other models, for the axial and central or peripheral placement of the content of the concept “Life” in the semantic fields of existential dichotomies, for the construction of existential dictionaries, etc. It is proved that there are significant age-related differences in the content of personal thesauri of this level. In the group of 30–40-year-old respondents, the “Life”-macrothesaurus appears as a combination of the following central units: love, development, movement, complexity. The life strategy is formulated as “catch the moment”; a significant unit is life-quality. In the group of 45–60-year-old respondents, the “Life”macrothesaurus is generally represented by the following units: faith, home, hope, family (and children), movement / action / activity, development (or self-development), creativity, diversity, interest, charisma / blessing, mindfulness, complexity. In the group of respondents older than 65 years, the “Life”-macrothesaurus includes the following units: family, joy, happiness, love, interest, diversity, surprise, duty, responsibility, successes, activity, belief, hope, freedom, work (and labor), need (or usefulness), achievements, humility, gratitude, tranquility, repentance, sense, clarity, desire, children, memory, honor, respect

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project No. 18-013-00058.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: personal thesaurus

value: hierarchical structure of the personal thesaurus

value: life

value: life path

value: existential experience

value: personality

value: macroconcept


dc.contributor.author

value: Krylova, Alexandra V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krylova, Alexandra. “New Forms of Artistic Synthesis in Modern Musical Theatre”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 2 (2020): 230–247.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article is devoted to the development processes of modern musical theatre, rendered activate due to the influence of new technologies, which significantly expand the possibilities of synthesizing the arts that are originally characteristic of musical and theatrical genres. Tested in the framework of various cultural practices (performances, installations, shows, etc.), computer capabilities for sound synthesis and new technical tools and 3D technologies unlimitedly expand the possibilities of working with sound, light, color, word and plastic, involving not only a composer in the process of creating a musical and theatrical work, but also designers and engineers as well. The problem authorship arises, which is no longer the exclusive right of a composer, but of the whole creative team. The consequence of these processes is a number of significant changes in the ratio of the artistic components of the performance: the rejection of the primacy of music, the equal semantic significance of all the expressive components of the whole, forming a polyphonic multichannel semantic field that allows us to talk about the “theatre of mixed means”. The mismatch between the logical movement and the semantic content of the verbal, visual, and auditory principles leads to a limitation of narrative and an increase in suggestion, forcing the viewer, starting from the author’s message and personal life experience, to seek his understanding, which implies a plurality of interpretations. The search for new aesthetics results in a design approach when creating a musical theatrical composition, which in each case has a number of deeply individual spatiotemporal features, as well as to a significant transformation of the overall communicative situation in which the spectator becomes a participant in what is happening. The article contains the analytical observations on the works by contemporary authors: H. Hebbels, M. Squillante, as well as works by the creative team “LemieuxPilon 4Dart”.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No. 20-012-00366 А “Performative forms of musical art as a phenomenon of modern culture”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: synthesis of arts

value: digital technologies

value: interactivity

value: experimental theatre

value: theatre of mixed means

value: performance

value: installation


title: Genre ‘Horror’ in Modern Russian Cinema

dc.contributor.author

value: Poznin, Vitaly F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Poznin, Vitaly. “Genre ‘Horror’ in Modern Russian Cinema”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 2 (2020): 248–265.

dc.description.abstract

value: The last quarter of a century, as a result of the socio-economic changes and processes that took place in Russia, the Russian film industry is not yet able to compete with Hollywood films aimed at a mass audience. Taking into account the changing preferences of the Russian audience, formed over the past three decades under the influence of Hollywood production, a number of Russian studios today are trying to master the genres that have never been characteristic of domestic cinema, in particular the genre of “horror”. The article analyzes the difference between the Western and Russian mentality in relation to the topic of fear; examines the main genre features of horror films; categorizes the dominant stories and subgenres of modern horror. Particular attention is paid to the aesthetics of horror films — visual and sound techniques used to create suspense, as well as modern and postmodern methods of inclusion in the style of horror films techniques peculiar to other genres. As the analysis illustrated, the most successful were attempts to combine the genre structure of Hollywood horror with the plots of Russian myths and fairy tales, while the creation of horror films on modern Russian material results in rejection by the domestic audience, except for the use of elements of horror in fantasy films.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: cinema

value: horror film

value: suspense

value: cultural globalization

value: genre

value: national mentality

dc.title

value: Genre ‘Horror’ in Modern Russian Cinema

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zinovieva, Elena V.

value: Kuznetsova, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zinovieva E. V., Kuznetsova E. A. The attitude of young people toward gender attitudes, which are transmitted by influential leaders of the Russian-speaking YouTube segment. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 142–157

dc.description.abstract

value: Despite the large number of studies on the characteristics of different generations, most often they are in a sociological or demographic field, while psychological research on this topic is not sufficient. Modern young people, identified according to the theory of Hove and Strauss the “generation Z” or the digital generation, are characterized by a decrease in the significance of their parents’ experience and the search for information among peers in social networks. Among the participants organizing communications in social networks, there are individual users whose opinions and knowledge become a source of information for others. These users are called influencers or opinion leaders. It is assumed that under the influence of opinion leaders, the world view and value system of young people can be established. This article is devoted to the study of gender attitudes transmitted by opinion leaders in the youth environment, and the attitude of young people towards them. We study the consistency of gender (as one of the most important for this age) attitudes of young people with the gender attitudes of opinion leaders on social networks. The sample for the study consisted of 191 people aged 16–18 years. The study was conducted using the methods of content analysis, the author’s questionnaire and questionnaires “I am a woman (man)” by L. N. Ozhigova (2003), the questionnaire “Attitudes toward Sex” by Eysenck (1989), the Schwarz values questionnaire (adapt. by Karandashev, 2004). The results obtained demonstrate that the most popular channels among young people are entertainment channels. The authors of these channels broadcast contradictory gender attitudes in their releases, in which gender stereotypes are often manifested. It was revealed that the gender attitudes of authors and their audience are similar: the authors’ broadcast and the audience demonstrate conflicting attitudes in their judgments. Also, it has been shown that young people who are characterized by conforming behavior and are susceptible to influence more often agree with the opinions broadcast by the authors of channels. This study does not allow for a conclusion to be made on whether the gender attitudes of young people were formed by popular authors, or were originally such.This aspect is a promising field of research.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by the RFBR grant, project No 20-013-00738.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: opinion leaders

value: influencers

value: generation Z

value: young people

value: gender attitudes

value: social networks

value: YouTube


dc.contributor.author

value: Lupulyak, Polina V.

value: Grishina, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lupulyak P. V., Grishina N. V. Factors of negative self-perception of a migrant in a new country. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 128–141.

dc.description.abstract

value: The scale of migration flows in the modern world and their socio-economic, political, and cultural consequences make the study of migration particularly actual. Migration is a multi-step process that contains many psychological aspects, which vary at each stage. Migration begins at the stage when a person considers the alternative of moving to another country. Our study was founded on the idea that the successful adaptation of a migrant to a new life situation and coping with its difficulties is largely determined by the set of pre-migration attitudes and expectations. The study involves 138 people living in Spain, including 108 migrants from Russia and the rest from 25 different countries. The results describe the psychological situation of a migrant, attitude to migration, the motives for moving to another country, the experience of nostalgia, and self-perception in a new life context. The vast majority of Russian-speaking migrants are characterised by a positive attitude towards migration, a significant part of them consider migration as a new experience and an opportunity for self-realization. For a third of Russian-speaking respondents a motivating factor in taking the decision of migration is the interests of close relatives (for foreign respondents, this motivation was mentioned only in 3.6 % of cases). The negative self- perception of Russian-speaking migrants in the new country is connected with this motivation (the interests of relatives) and the experienced nostalgia. The crucial factor in a positive or negative self- perception of a migrant is motivation for relocation. A negative self-perception is based on the desire to escape from an unfavorable situation and its problems, and a positive one is based on the desire for change. Therefore, a negative or positive self-awareness of a migrant in a new country is the most important factor for his/her successful integration and psychological well-being in a new country.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: migration process

value: attitudes to migration

value: motivation for migration

value: positive and negative self-perception


dc.contributor.author

value: Kotlomanov, Alexander O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotlomanov, Alexander. “In the Era of Post-Neo-Empire… Art Life in Russia in 2019 / 2020”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 2 (2020): 366–375.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Makarova, Daria N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makarova D. N. Productive and unproductive patterns of metacognitive regulation of intellectual performance. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 184–198.

dc.description.abstract

value: The increase of intellectual performance efficiency in students and adult professionals involved in intellectual work on a regular basis is a very topical issue in both science and practice. We investigated patterns of metacognitive regulation typically used by our subjects during their performance of intellectual work of various kinds. The objective of our research was to determine if the patterns we found in our previous study manifest themselves in another sample and whether or not they can be divided into 2 groups: productive and unproductive. The design of our study consisted of two stages: at the first stage of the study subjects (college and university students, n  =  32, 17–25, 12 men) were asked to estimate how often different patterns of metacognitive regulation manifest themselves in their behavior; at the second stage another group of subjects (college and university students and graduates, n  =  30, average age 33, 14 men) classified the same 40 patterns as either productive or unproductive. The following results were found: 1) for 39 out of 40 patterns at least half of the answers were one of the following: ‘rarely’, ‘sometimes’, ‘often’ and ‘always’; also for 37 out of 40 patterns the most frequent answer was one of the following: ‘rarely’, ‘sometimes’, ‘often’ and ‘always’; 2) disparity between our theoretical estimate of patterns’ productivity and empirical estimate of subjects was found for only 3 out of 40 patterns. From the results, the following conclusions were made: 1) all 40 patterns of metacognitive regulation of intellectual performance exist in different samples; 2) 37 out of 40 patterns can be divided into 2 groups: productive and unproductive.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: intellectual performance

value: metacognitive regulation

value: intellectual productivity


dc.contributor.author

value: Kulieva, Almara K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kulieva A. K. Prediction and efficacy control in sensorimotor activity with Delboeuf illusion. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 199–212.

dc.description.abstract

value: Theoretical ideas describing the dependence of task results on subjective ideas about one’s own capabilities are well known in psychology. In the context of sensorimotor activity, these ideas predict an increase in efficiency when working with subjectively simple goals and decrease when working with subjectively complex ones. The subjective perception of the complexity of the task is modeled by using the illusion of size. The article analyzes the contradictions in the research results on the material of the Ebbinghaus illusion and proposes modifications of previously used experimental paradigms. An experimental study of sensorimotor activity in the format of a computer game was carried out. 65 participants of the study were offered the task of precisely obtaining the goals represented by the Delbeuf illusion, or reaching the control goals. Prediction and subjective performance evaluation were also measured using the questions “Will you reach it now?” and “Did you reach it in the previous test?”. The results showed greater accuracy in obtaining an illusory larger target compared to an illusory smaller one. The data on forecasting and subjective assessment of efficacy did not significantly differ between illusory stimuli, however, the assessment of a substantionally smaller goal was different from the rest — study participants believed that they were less able to reach a substantionally smaller goal. The analysis of the preparation period for the beginning of the task also revealed differences between the perception of illusory and control stimuli. The results obtained serve as evidence in favor of the idea concerning the existence of a special psyche mechanism that makes predictions about possible efficacy of a particular task and then adjusts the real results to the proposed forecast.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-313-90007.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: sensorimotor learning

value: illusory stimuli

value: Delbeuf illusion

value: Ebbinghaus illusion

value: selfefficacy

value: efficiency control


dc.contributor.author

value: Golovin, Nikolay A.

value: Sibirev, Vladimir A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Golovin N. A., Sibirev V. A. Success factors of network protest movement (analysis of the conflict over St. Isaacs cathedral in 2017–2018). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 370–383.

dc.description.abstract

value: In the article, the peculiarities of the communication activity of Russian social movements in organizing online and offline actions are explored on the example of the conflict between the authorities and the public concerning the official decision on the transfer of St. Isaac’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg (in the building of which the museum works) to the Russian Orthodox Church. As a theoretical and methodological basis of the study, a modernized theory of social movements is used, taking into account their features associated with their use of new communicative capabilities of social networks. Methods of dynamic network analysis were used for analyzing the collected empirical data on the content of the political communication of the network groups. The structural characteristics of the online communication of the two protest network groups “Let’s protect…” and “Let’s save…” the cathedral museum as well as communication links between them are revealed. The differences in their chosen strategies of fighting against the government’s decision are illustrated. The stages of their development are emphasized: mobilization of the movement’s participants by cultural figures and politicians dissatisfied with the decision (January 2017); organizational institutionalization during meetings and rallies (February — May 2017); attainment of the goal (June 2017) with the subsequent termination of the decision (success of the movement). The dynamics of the volume and structure of communication during the entire period of the conflict are analyzed at each stage. A conclusion is made about the real political power of the e-movement during the conflict. It is proved that the use of social networks does not automatically result in the success of the network protest movement, much depends on the chosen strategy. Network protest mobilization alone does not ensure the success of the movement in Russia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was prepared with the support of the Centre for Sociological and Internet Research.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: social movements

value: protest mobilization

value: online communities

value: political communication

value: civil society

value: big data

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Thuan, Truong Anh

value: Sang, Nguyen Van

dc.identifier.citation

value: Truong Anh Thuan, Nguyen Van Sang. A comparison of the missionary method and cultural integration of Jesuits: A study in China and Vietnam during the 16th and 17th centuries. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 407–421.

dc.description.abstract

value: From the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century, under the direction of the archdiocese in Macao (China), Jesuit missionaries set foot in China and Vietnam in turn to preach the Gospel and convert believers in these two countries. The main reason for the success of the Jesuits was the use of appropriate missionary methods and advocating proper cultural integration in each country. However, due to the different paradigm of historical development in China and Vietnam, and especially due to disagreement about the perception and behavior of indigenous culture among the Jesuits themselves, the process of evangelization in the two countries occurred differently. Based on historical and logical methods, especially the comparative method, this study analyzes and compares the similarities and differences in missionary methods and the advocacy of cultural integration in the two countries mentioned above. Primary sources were the foundation of the work, such as archival records and recently published research results of Chinese and Vietnamese scholars as well as other researchers. The results of this work contribute to assessing the similarities and differences in the process of applying missionary methods and cultural integration. The work further contributes to the study of Christian history in China and Vietnam in the16th and 17th centuries.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: China

value: Vietnam

value: Jesuits

value: Christian

value: cultural integration


dc.contributor.author

value: Levit, Georgy S.

value: Hossfeld, Uwe

dc.identifier.citation

value: Levit G. S., Hossfeld U. Biology and panpsychism: German evolutionists and a philosopher Theodor Ziehen (1862–1950). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 240–253.

dc.description.abstract

value: Theodor Ziehen was a prominent German psychiatrist and psychologist and a marginal philosopher of the first half of the 20th century who developed an exotic subjective-idealistic theory based on quasi-empirical psychological arguments. Although Ziehen was seen by contemporaries (most prominently by Vladimir Lenin) as a representative of the same philosophical current (empirio-criticism) as Mach and Avenarius, he never achieved their prominence in the history of philosophy. At the same time, Ziehen’s philosophy became influential in German biology, first of all, due to his direct and very strong impact on Bernhard Rensch. Rensch, in his turn, was the most significant figure on the international scene of what is known as the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis in biology. Rensch was not the only biologist influenced by Ziehen’s ideas. Ziehen had some communication with the “German Darwin” Ernst Haeckel and played a prominent role in the concept of the founder of biological systematics Willi Hennig. How to explain Ziehen’s prominent place in the history of evolutionary biology, despite his obscurity in the history of philosophy? Our hypothesis is that Ziehen became a visible figure in evolutionary theory because of the monistic bias in German biology. Ziehen’s epistemology appeared to be compatible with evolutionary monism and was developed by a practicing psychiatrist therefore obtaining a character of a quasi-experimental doctrine.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 2

value: Theodor Ziehen

value: Identism

value: empirio-criticism

value: Ernst Haeckel

value: Bernhard Rensch

value: Willi Hennig

value: psychomonism

value: monism

value: Modern Synthesis


dc.contributor.author

value: Lechowska, Marta

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lechowska M. Perverse heroism. Vyacheslav Ivanov’s dialogue with Nietzsche. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 254–263.

dc.description.abstract

value: The aim of the paper is to analyse the theoretical base of tragic culture in the writings of F. Nietzsche and V. I. Ivanov. The result of the proposed analysis is the comparison of similarities and differences concerning the cultural role of tragedy in the philosophy of mentioned authors. The philosophers — Nietzsche, the implacable enemy of the historical Christianity and Ivanov, the Christian philosopher of culture, philologist and translator — both postulate creating and preserving tragic culture. According to both authors, the main task of culture is to confront the human being with the most terrible aspects of life. This ruthless requirement allows us to claim that perverse heroism is a general mood and the most important imperative of Nietzsche’s and Ivanov’s philosophy of culture. The imperative to preserve the tragic principle in culture is in fact an imperative to become a superhuman. The starting point of the analysis is the theorem of Nietzsche who defines a tragic worldview as the opposite of a theoretical one. The essence of the theoretical approach is an overlooking of the tragic dimension of life, which allows man to establish a coherent, justified and safe picture of the world. The tragic approach, emphasizing the inevitability of suffering and the lack of metaphysical foundation, opposes the optimism of the theoretical one. Ivanov, as Nietzsche, was fascinated with Dionysian idea but he interpreted it quite differently. The Russian author accepted Dionysus not as the opposite, but as a prefiguration of Christ. Thus, he drew attention to the presence of the tragic moment in Christianity. The height of Ivanov’s dispute with Nietzsche is a completely different interpretation of the idea of superhuman, which presents a totally different understanding of self-transgression and vastly different value systems.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: tragic culture

value: Christianity

value: philosophical anthropology

value: superhuman

value: godmanhood

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lvov, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lvov A. A. Anthropological turn in worldview studies: Theoretical and practical aspects. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 279– 290.

dc.description.abstract

value: The concept of worldview is quite ambiguous in modern humanities. Philosophers and scholars insist that there is such a spiritual or cognitive basis of each people, person or language, which finds its expression in the way they behave, think, or speak. Current Russian-speaking colleagues hold that there are different levels or types of worldview (such as mythological, religious, and scientific). All this testifies that the term of worldview lacks preciseness either in Russian and in foreign discourse. The main task of the article is to justify the possibility of a different approach to the study of worldview as a special phenomenon. The question can be raised of what exactly we analyze when dealing with worldview. The author is convinced that it would be better to work with the concept of worldview not as “what”, but rather as “how”. In developing his argument, the author focuses on three main aspects of the issue: (1) the accuracy in describing and conceiving worldview as the issue of philosophy; (2) the historical and contemporary examples of the worldview typology; (3) the refutation of such a dichotomy of “science — worldview” and the proposal of an integrated approach to the issue. The alternative way advocated by modern and classical authors is to turn to a more theoretically fruitful method of studying worldviews, that is, to the anthropological perspective.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 19-011-00603 “Science as social institute in projects of the Russian modernization”)

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: worldview

value: anthropological turn

value: typology of worldview

value: worldview studies

value: philosophy as a rigorous science

value: worldview as the issue of philosophy

value: Bernhard Groethuysen

value: Heinrich Gomperz


dc.contributor.author

value: Matveevskaya, Anna S.

value: Pogodin, Sergey N.

value: Wang, Jun Tao

dc.identifier.citation

value: Matveevskaya A. S., Pogodin S. N., Wang Jun Tao. Russia and China in the field of international tourism. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 384–393.

dc.description.abstract

value: International tourism is an instrument of diplomatic, socio-cultural and economic cooperation of states that have realized the importance of international relation trend in the modern world. This is stipulated by the elevation of the role of tourism for the world economy and interstate diplomacy, for social and economic living conditions of the population, the formation of a state’s identity in the international arena, for improving a country’s reputation, and participation in foreign policy as a whole. The most dynamically developing region of the world economy is Northeast Asia, which has become a region with the greatest potential for development of the world tourism industry. Russia and China are superpowers in Northeast Asia and are rich in tourism resources and markets that will play an important role in the future global tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive coverage of important events in the field of cooperation in tourism between China and Russia, to form a holistic picture of cooperation between the two countries in the tourism industry. The main method of research is analysis — aspects of the current international situation in the field of tourism are considered, and a detailed review of the situation of Russia and China as tourist destinations is conducted. The work was carried out on the basis of studying and using fundamental national and international research in the following scientific areas: mechanism of international cooperation between the two countries in international tourism, prescribed in treaties and agreements; Russian territories attractive to Chinese tourists; development of joint tourist routes. The results of the study showed that with regular contact between people from the two countries it is possible to create favorable conditions for cooperation and to achieve truly mutually beneficial results. Collaboration and cooperation of the states, national organizations on tourism development, makes it possible to increase the incomes of the states, attracting foreign capitals, and partially reorient the economy and legislation to attract foreign tourists. Successful diplomatic negotiations, and maintenance of a stable peaceful existence of the world community, promotes the expansion of the tourism sphere that positively influences the economy and development of culture in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: international tourism

value: cooperation between Russia and China

value: agreements and treaties on tourism

value: attractive tourist destinations in Russia

value: Russian-Chinese tourism forum

value: China Friendly program

value: international relations


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuzmin, Ivan

value: Petrov, Ivan

value: Averianov, Alexander

value: Boitsova, Elizaveta

value: Skutschas, Pavel

value: Sues, Hans-Dieter

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuzmin, I., Petrov, I., Averianov, A., Boitsova, E., Skutschas, P., and Sues, H.-D. 2020. The braincase of Bissektipelta archibaldi — new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs. Bio. Comm. 65(2): 85–156.

dc.description.abstract

value: We describe in detail three braincases of the ankylosaur Bissektipelta archibaldi from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Uzbekistan with the aid of computed tomography, segmentation, and 3D modeling. Bissektipelta archibaldi is confirmed as a valid taxon and attributed to Ankylosaurinae based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis. The topographic relationships between the elements forming the braincase are determined using a newly referred specimen with preserved sutures, which is an exceedingly rare condition for ankylosaurs. The mesethmoid appears to be a separate ossification in the newly referred specimen ZIN PH 281/16. We revise and discuss features of the neurocranial osteology in Ankylosauria and propose new diagnostic characters for a number of its subclades. We present a 3D model of the braincase vasculature of Bissektipelta and comment on vascular patterns of armored dinosaurs. A complex vascular network piercing the skull roof and the wall of the braincase is reported for ankylosaurs for the first time. We imply the presence of a lepidosaur-like dorsal head vein and the venous parietal sinus in the adductor cavity of Bissektipelta. We suggest that the presence of the dorsal head vein in dinosaurs is a plesiomorphic diapsid trait, and extant archosaur groups independently lost the vessel. A study of two complete endocranial casts of Bissektipelta allowed us to compare endocranial anatomy within Ankylosauria and infer an extremely developed sense of smell, a keen sense of hearing at lower frequencies (100– 3000 Hz), and the presence of physiological mechanisms for precise temperature control of neurosensory tissues at least in derived ankylosaurids.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The field work in 1997–2006 was funded by the National Science Foundation (EAR-9804771 and EAR-0207004 to J. D. Archibald and H.-D. Sues), the National Geographic Society (5901-97 and 628198 to J. D. Archibald and H.-D. Sues), and the Navoi Mining and Metallurgy Combinat. The laboratory research received support from the Russian Science Foundation (19-1400020). AA was supported by the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (project АААА-А19-119032590102-7).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 65; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Dinosauria

value: Ankylosauria

value: endocast

value: blood vessels

value: paleobiology

value: Late Cretaceous

value: Uzbekistan

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zotova, Daria V.

value: Rozanov, Vsevolod A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zotova D. V., Rozanov V. A. Pathological use and dependence on social networks — analysis from the point of phenomenology of addictive behavior. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 158–183.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article summarizes current foreign and Russian literature regarding the pathological use and dependence on social networks, with an emphasis on similarities and differences of this phenomenon from other types of addictive behavior on the Internet. The confirmation that social media addiction is an independent disorder is presented in the review. The variations of Internet addiction relate primarily to the effects of social interactions. However, at the same time, the similarities with other electronic addictions (for example, to a smartphone, the Internet, network games, etc.) have been confirmed in many different studies. The excessive use of social media is often associated with other behavioral addictions, such as food addiction, shopping, gaming, as well as with some other psychological health problems (anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, etc.). The most frequently mentioned personality factors associated with dependence on social media are increased neuroticism, extroversion, decreased conscientiousness, as well as a tendency to highly emotional communication, sometimes adventurism and a demonstration of posturing and narcissism. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) have been developed in Denmark for diagnosing pathological behavior in social networks. Both tests were adapted in many countries and are increasingly used for scientific purposes. These scales presumably will help to clarify the prevalence of this kind of dependence in various age groups and objectify its associations with other types of addictive behavior, mental health disorders, and personality traits.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: social networks

value: addiction

value: BFAS

value: BSMAS

value: electronic addictions

value: pathological use

value: Internet


dc.contributor.author

value: Ratz, Sergey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ratz S. V. Secret services of the USSR in Spain and their role in the military and political conflict of 1936–1939. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 356–369.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article is dedicated to the activities of the Soviet intelligence agencies in Spain during the Civil War of 1936–1939. By June 1936, diplomatic relations between USSR and Spain were absent. Due to the putschist revolt and the appeal of the legitimate government of Spain to the USSR, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) made a decision to establish diplomatic, military, and trade delegations in Spain. The intelligence agencies of the USSR planned operation ‘X’ for military assistance to Spain. As part of this operation, a Soviet advisory staff concerning military and foreign intelligence was formed. The author brings to light the goals of the secret service authorities of the Soviet Union, including such particular ones as the removal of Spain’s gold reserve and the creation of the 14th Partisan Corps. The article analyses the activities of the advisory staff, their role in the development of the largest military operations during the Spanish Civil War, and traces the fate of the conflict’s most active participants. Based on the analysis of new data introduced into the historical discourse in recent years, the author concludes that the secret services of the USSR played a large role in this conflict. The Soviet advisors and specialists obtained unique experiences, including conducting large-scale operations; military equipment was tested in actual battle activities; intelligence specialists enlisted information sources with great potential. Many military specialists tried and trained in Spain in 1936–1939 later played an invaluable role in the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 2

value: Civil War in Spain

value: Soviet secret services in Spain in 1936–1939

value: NKVD in Spain

value: Spanish gold reserve

value: partisan war

value: A. M. Orlov

value: N. G. Kuznetsov

value: A. Nin


dc.contributor.author

value: Lishaev, Sergei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lishaev S. A. Anility and time. Beyond the self-realisation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 264–278.

dc.description.abstract

value: The philosophy of age is mostly an inquiry into the temporal parameters of human existence. The aim of this article is to review the senile temporality as qualitatively different in time production (chronopoesy) from the temporality of youth and maturity. To achieve this I have considered different types of senile chronopoesy, especially its most radical version (eschatologic time), which correlates with chronoaesthetics of the decrepit and Christian Messianic time. As a result, I managed to identify the main conditions of transformation of time production while aging. I considered the problem, using comparative analysis, in the perspective of the methodological horizon of hermeneutics phenomenology (analytics of Dasein). The results of the study can be reduced to several points. The reduction of ‘age’ and ‘inner age’ future that requires an answer from Dasein determines a shift in the human temporality and configures the particular senile temporality. Changes are the most significant if man accepts his life as meaningfully completed, and the will to Other (that is good on its own) replaces the will for particular achievements (i. e., self-realisation). Goal-setting and the production of over situational temporality persist in eschatologic senility, while ‘heroic’, ‘finishing’ and petty senilities have no big goals and only situational temporality, uncompensated by the verticalization of temporality (by the orientation to the Other). The period between the substantial and physical eschatons is kindred to the time or the aesthesis of the decrepit and the Messianic time of Christian historiosophy as they all are forms of the present (end time). End time is an intransitive present, free from the past and future, correlated with the Other (that is timeless). Once started, it never ends and never become past until the end of the life.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research no. 19011-00910 “Marginal phenomena of human being (anthropology ad Marginem)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 36; Issue 2

value: anility

value: time

value: self-realisation

value: eschaton

value: eschatologic time

value: the decrepit

value: messianic time

value: intransitive present

value: marginality

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shaposhnikov, Lev E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shaposhnikov L. E. Philosophical and pedagogic views of N. M. Karamzin. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 300–312.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper analyses the evolution of N. M. Karamzin’s ideas from the position of moderate westernism and liberalism to organic conservatism. Special attention is given to Karamzin’s understanding of the philosophy of history, where the main emphasis was made on the splendor of monarchical Russia. N. M. Karamzin was critical about the early liberal reforms of Alexander I and proposed the introduction of a “sound” state system, based on national values and exercising caution to the new developments. The paper also analyses Karamzin’s conceptualization of the dynamics of the historical process. It is noted that he assign special importance to autocracy in the harmonious development of Russia, it is precisely the monarch who needs to create conditions for increasing the efficiency of the state apparatus. The monarch’s policy must, by the inevitability of punishment, compel officials (of high and lower ranks) to comply with the laws. A significant role in society should also belong to the Church, which, according to N. Karamzin, needs to be given more attention. Overall, the scholar sees the secret to the prosperity of Russia In the synergy of strong state leadership, government apparatus, and priests. The pedagogical views of Karamzin are another focus of the present work, as well as his understanding of national education and the interplay of the universal and nationally specific features in it. Opposing isolationism, the scholar, nevertheless, advanced the idea that Russia needs to have its own way in development by means of improving the educational system, introducing the continuity of its stages, and enhancing the quality of preparing teachers. The paper arrives at a conclusion about the relevance of N. Karamzin’s ideas for modern Russian society.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: liberalism

value: conservatism

value: education

value: reforms

value: revolution

value: Europe

value: Russia

value: monarchy

value: Orthodox Christianit


dc.contributor.author

value: Krotov, Artem A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krotov A. A. Benjamin Constant’s history of philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 2, pp. 227–239.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article analyses the concept of a prominent representative of early French Romanticism, considers his division of the historical process into periods and his idea on the meaning of history. According to Constant, history is not uniform in a political sense. The lack of understanding this important truth by the rulers has always brought untold sufferings to their subjects. Constant’s philosophy of history is based on the idea of improving the human race, typical for the intellectual culture of the Age of Enlightenment, to which he gave a new sound, contraposing the spirit of war with the spirit of trade. Distinguishing between two types of freedom, he associated the first variety with the tradition of ancient people’s assemblies, collective direct decisions, and the second with the system of representative government. His periodization of world history concretizes the idea of progress as a fundamental law of nature. He included psychological elements into his interpretation of the meaning of revolutionary events. Treating inequality as the basis of social adversity, he attributed independence in deeds, choice of life’s priorities, personal security, the right to own property, and the ability to express and defend different opinions as the most important human freedoms. Expressed clearly in a number of Constant’s works is the desire to distance himself from the various opposing parties, to appear as an unbiased observer, and a sage guiding his efforts to the common good. This corresponded greatly to the ideal of a philosopher represented on the pages of d’Alembert and Diderot’s famous “Encyclopédie.” At the same time, his doctrine represents a certain rethinking of the Enlightenment legacy, carried out through the lens of the experience of revolutionary times. Hence the demand to limit popular sovereignty, criticism of Russoism, a unique concept of the evolution of religion.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Benjamin Constant

value: French liberalism

value: history of philosophy

value: French Revolution

value: French philosophy of 19th century


dc.contributor.author

value: Tkachenko, Alexander

value: Illarionov, Roman

value: Vashukova, Elena

value: Glotov, Andrei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tkachenko, A., Illarionov, R., Vashukova, E., and Glotov, A. 2020. Publication-based analysis of miR-210 dependent biomarkers of pre-eclampsia. Bio. Comm. 65(2): 163–177.

dc.description.abstract

value: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers of most pregnancy complications. In recent years, miR-210 has been shown as one of the main biomarkers, detected at different stages of pregnancy and associated with various diseases, including pre-eclampsia (PE). However, miR-210 is not reported as a marker of PE in about half of the studies. We filtered available published RNA-seq data and miRNAs associated with PE, including or excluding miR-210, obtained from the PregMiR database. For further analysis we only considered miRNAs appearing in at least four different studies. We observed that miR-152, miR-1 and miR-193b were only detected in studies with a changed miR-210 level, whereas miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-130a and miR-519b were detected in studies without miRNA-210 differential expression. Common biomarkers of PE are miR-182, miR-126, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-18a, miR-195, miR-21, miR-223, miR-335, miR517c, miR-518b, miR-518e and let-7f. Based on the obtained data and taking into account the direction of differential miRNA expression, it can be assumed that the most likely mechanisms of PE development in the early pregnancy stage are either upregulation of miR-210, miR-152, miR-518b and downregulation of miR-126; or upregulation of miR-126 and downregulation of miR-182 and miR518b. Late stages of PE are determined by miR-210, miR-152, miR-518b, miR-21, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-182, miR-193b-3p, miR-517c, miR-518e (upregulation) and miR-126, miR-18a, miR-195, miR-223, let-7f (downregulation); or miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-130a and miR-519d, miR-517c, miR-518e miR-155, miR-126, miR181a, miR-195 (upregulation) and miR-223, miR-18a, miR-182 (downregulation). The presented results allow speculation about the influence of certain miRNAs on PE development in the context of the presence or absence of miR-210 differential expression, but additional experimental studies are required to evaluate the findings.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This study was financially supported by Russian Scientific Foundation, grant № 19-75-20033 (research, bioinformatics) and D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, project № 0558-2017-0056 (support of PregMiR database).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 65; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: microRNA

value: pregnancy complications

value: pre-eclampsia

value: bioinformatics analysis

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Samuleeva, Maria

value: Smirnova, Anna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samuleeva, M. and Smirnova, A. 2020. Emergence of reflexivity relation without identity matching-to-sample training in hooded crows (Corvus cornix). Bio. Comm. 65(2): 157–162.

dc.description.abstract

value: The ability to form equivalent relations between sign and referent — symbolization — is one of the important cognitive components of language. Equivalent relations have the properties of symmetry (if A→B then B→A), reflexivity (A→A, B→B), and transitivity (if A→B and B→C, then A→C). The current study evaluates whether reflexivity can be spontaneously revealed in hooded crows (Corvus cornix) without training after the formation of the symmetry relation. These birds were previously taught an arbitrary matching-to-sample task with the letters “S” and “V” as samples, and sets of images (same-sized and different-sized figures) as comparisons. Positive results in the transfer tests showed that the crows associated letters with the concepts of sameness/difference. After that, they successfully passed the symmetry test, in which samples and comparisons were switched around. In the present experiment we found out that the crows passed the reflexivity test (A→A, B→B) without identity training. We hypothesize that if the subject associates the sample not with certain stimuli but rather with concepts, it facilitates the formation of equivalence relations between them.

dc.subject

value: equivalence

value: reflexivity

value: symmetry

value: concept formation

value: identity matching-to-sample

value: arbitrary matching-to-sample

value: hooded crows


title: Discontinuity of patterns?

dc.contributor.author

value: Grishaeva, Liudmila I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grishaeva, L.I. (2020). Discontinuity of patterns? Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 193–211.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper analyzes a variety of media texts that exist in the media sphere and discusses tendencies marking the changes in content as well as in the formal and functional organization of a text. The type of text is understood as an invariant, which can vary under the influence
of different factors. And, though the invariant of the “type of text” is conventional, it cannot
be described as a template that language speakers tend to reuse again and again. Transformations of the semantic, syntactic and functional text structure are inherent to different types of
texts and can be influenced by factors which are internal or external to the generated text. The
changes in the textual organization under discussion manifest themselves in the preferable use
of a variety of language means belonging to different levels. This changes the functional potential and leads to the transformation of the semantic and syntactic macrostructure of the texts
of various types. The changes in media texts are described as the tendency of hybridization, or,
alternatively, splitting of the former text type into two or more text types. The latter tendency
leads to the emergence of new variations of the text type. Thus the text changes its functional
potential, i.e., its enrichment or impoverishment or a more subtle differentiation. The changes
in the textual organization of media texts can be described within the unified theoretical approach to fictional, academic and other types of text as the manifestation of general cultural
tendencies: (1) hybridization, which leads to either the division of the former type of text into
two or more types; (2) change of the text’s functional potential; (3) changes in the text’s functionality in a specific culture and/or the types of discourse strategy

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 7; Issue 2

value: typology of texts

value: media space

value: transformation of the text type

value: means of comic

dc.title

value: Discontinuity of patterns?


dc.contributor.author

value: Shilikhina, Ksenia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shilikhina, K.M. (2020). Categorizing function of canned jokes in mass media texts. Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 250–262.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the use of canned jokes in mass media texts and radio programs. The
study is focused on the categorizing function of canned jokes and their role in the explanation of the state of affairs. Initially an oral genre, canned jokes often function as culturally
significant texts which refer to certain typical situations. Being cited or told in the context of a
newspaper article or a radio program, jokes become a kind of cognitive scheme on the basis of
which the current situation is explained. Such use of canned jokes as tools for categorization
differs from telling jokes with the aim to entertain. In mass media discourse canned jokes are
used in discussions of acute social problems: they make the understanding of a situation easier
for participants and at the same time they ease emotional tension which is characteristic of
discussions of important social issues. As part of another text, canned jokes function as multifaceted tool, which makes it easier to convey information and implicit meaning. The article
analyses the relations between components of the two situations: the one described in the
canned joke and the real one. It is claimed that an understanding of current affairs is the result
of conceptual integration of the two situations. Relative contextual independence is the genre
property of canned jokes which allows them to function as a categorization tool. Language
speakers use them as culturally significant texts and establish cross-textual connections that
activate additional knowledge about the world.

dc.subject

value: canned joke

value: mass media text

value: categorization

value: evaluation

value: intertextuality

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Stoyanova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Stoyanova, E.V. (2020). Metaphor in the context of creating the comic effect in media text. Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 225–237.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper is devoted to the metaphor in the context of creating a comic effect. There is a
similarity between the nature of metaphors and the comical, the ability of perception of which
refers to the evolutionary acquisition. The correlation of a metaphor and the comical is manifested in the comparison of the contradictory and the combination of the disproportionate.
Despite the universality of the comical and a metaphor, the interpretation of knowledge modelled by the comic metaphor is governed by the sociocultural factor. The collected material allows us to conclude that there are separate comic metaphors, or metaphors that create a comic
effect of a fragment / whole media text based on one or more metaphorical models. Based on
the material of Bulgarian media texts, several groups of metaphors are identified which fulfil
a comic effect. Among them, there is a lively relevant metaphor based on the distance of the
frames, while the conceptual interaction is accompanied by the obligatory implicit appraisal.
The second group is the creation of a comic effect by the metaphorization of linguistic and cultural signs, including precedent phenomena, with non-standard syntagmatics, characterized
by the unpredictability and violation of stereotypical attitudes. The third group includes updated, occasional metaphors as a means of expressing and realizing the pragmatic potential in
the media language. The fourth group includes scenario metaphors, the comic effect of which
is based on a complex of pragmatic and linguistic-stylistic signs of a metaphor. The presence
of a lively and updated (occasional) metaphor in media discourse provides it with originality
and criticality, disguises and smooths out — in a word, contributes to the implementation of
its main pragmatic tasks — influencing the consciousness of a mass audience or addressee.
The activity of a metaphor as a construct-script serves the organization and semantic development of a text.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: linguistic and cultural situation

value: metaphor

value: media text

value: comic effect


dc.contributor.author

value: Shchurina, Yuliya V.

value: Harohorina, Margarita B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shchurina, Yu.V., Harohorina, M.B. (2020). Internet meme as a “newsmaker” in the modern media space. Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 263–275

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the possibilities of representing Internet memes in the modern media
sphere. An anthropological approach to the study of the use of memes in media is indicated. The
Internet meme is understood as a new universal unit of measurement that allows you to explore
the communicative space on a common basis. The genre specificity of the Internet meme is
defined through the following parameters: 1) expanding the scope of distribution beyond the Internet, primarily in the media sphere; 2) the secondary nature of genre (due to the technological
features of the sphere of origin); 3) the multicode nature and polysemantics (in representation
and interpretation); 4) transformation (“mutation” of a meme from one to another — memes are
constantly updated, mixed, forming an increasingly complex and specific creolized language of
Internet communities); 5) precedent nature (concepts / ideas); 6) multifunctionality (manifested
in the implementation of not only entertaining functions, but also social, including making an
impact). The problem of the genre nature of the meme is considered from the point of view
of possible transformations consisting in transferring the meme to journalistic texts. Attention
is drawn to the role of memes in the formation of media content and how journalists handle
the popular Internet phenomena. In media texts created by journalists, in particular in federallevel Internet publications and television media, the basic types of Internet memes are revealed:
textual, visual, and creolized. The idea of memes as “newsmakers,” that is, as special sources of
information that often do not have a certain authorship and actually do not offer themselves for
publication, is proposed. The trends in the use of memes in modern journalism and the possible
effects of such use associated with the impact on recipients are determined.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 7; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Internet meme

value: media sphere

value: speech genre

value: newsmaker


dc.contributor.author

value: Duskaeva, Liliya R.

value: Shcheglova, Ekaterina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Duskaeva, L.R., Shcheglova, E.A. (2020). Perception of а comic text-prank in the dialogue of network communication: Creating a problem. Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 238–249.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The modern Russian political discourse is characterized by the thrust of the vector of satirical modality against an external enemy, which is played by states that support the policy of
sanctions and oppose Russia in the foreign policy arena. The satire has a polemic charge corresponding to the communicative task of exposing and convicting the enemy. The comical
source is the contradictions of the very reality. The goal of the research is to identify communicative response regularities to comic manifestations which are found in media speech interaction. The discovery of these patterns makes it possible to understand how the embeddedness
of any text in a dialogue (its intermediate position in communication) affects the features of
text making. Our focus is on model text forms that originate from a result of the “meeting” of
two texts. The material of this study is the media discourse centered on the prank by Vovan
and Lexus, based on the joke over US Congresswoman, Maxine Waters, which was posted by
Russian media: “RIA Novosti”, “Gazeta.ru”, “Nezavisimoye obozreniye (Independent review)”,
“Tsargrad”, and others. The comedy formed by the prank arose from the contradiction between the US political establishment representatives’ arrogance, the way they appear in the
Russian media, and their ignorance. We analyzed speech models of users’ comments to the
video prank on YouTube and to publications about it in network media. As the study illustrated, several types of reactions to the prank are formed in network communication: disapproval of the prank and pranksters, approval of the pranksters’ actions, ridiculing the “victim” of the prank, expressing an emotional reaction to the comic form, expressing a reaction to the
satirical content, comical playful comments, and encouraging pranksters to conduct further
activities.

dc.subject

value: dialogue

value: comic

value: network communication

value: reaction types

value: prank

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasileva, Viktoria V.

value: Ivanova, Liubov Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasileva, V.V., Ivanova L.Yu. (2020). Facetious tone as a technique for organization of interaction in news television communicate. Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 212–224.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the use of facetious tonality in news broadcasting on Russian TV channels (Channel One Russia, Russia-1, Russia-24, RBC, etc.). The object of this study is not merely
informing in TV news communicant, but the communicative interaction of the participants
representing the news to the audience. Acknowledgement of the thesis concerning the use of
humor in mass media for the sake of professional communicative purposes is the basic attitude of the study. One of the tasks in such media formats, where a professional uses all possible
communicative channels, is the task of organizing interaction in the conditions of broadcasting
simultaneity. For such organization, professionals (hosts, journalists, experts) use a facetious tonality on the air. The research illustrates that the study of humor in the media is multifarious and
diverse: firstly, parody media and genres are studied; secondly, the so-called comedy journalism
is researched; thirdly, the use of humor in ‘serious’ news is analyzed. The study of the latter often
leads some authors to the conclusion about the influential and even manipulative function of
humor. Our analysis revealed three tasks to be solved with the help of facetious tonality: 1) demonstration of metatext interactions to actualize the event, 2) demonstration of the communicative role and status, 3) demonstration of a common position about the subject of the news report.
The general purpose of using a facetious tonality is defined in the article as demonstration the
concept of “demonstration” shows that the analyzed jokes on the air are not just an emotional
reaction (as in ordinary communication), but also a rational technique.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: comic in media

value: tonality

value: facetious tonality

value: television communicant

value: communicative interaction


dc.contributor.author

value: Attardo, Salvatore

dc.identifier.citation

value: Attardo, S. (2020). Memes, memeiosis, and memetic drift: Cheryl’s Chichier She Shed. Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 146–168.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, a comparison between meme cycles and joke cycles is carried out, using the tools
of the General Theory of Verbal Humor and its analysis of joke cycles as consisting of intertextual and metatextual variants of the original joke. It is shown that the same tools can be applied
to joke cycles and to meme cycles. The methodology is applied to a meme cycle called Cheryl’s
She Shed. The analysis shows that the users start from the original video featuring Cheryl’s
shed on fire, but soon the process of meme creation (memeiosis) is activated and users start
generating all sorts of memes remixing various aspects of the original video and adding other
ideas, such as a conspiracy theory about the source of the fire. Eventually, the drift is broad
enough that intertextual memes start to appear which require a reference to another text to
function, and eventually meta-memes also appear (memes that fail to deliver a meme and are
funny because of the violation of expectations). In conclusion, speakers use memes to express
their concerns and interests. Meme cycles are very similar to joke cycles, except for the speed
of diffusion, a shorter life span, and an increased ease of manipulation of images and text.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 7; Issue 2

value: meme

value: memeiosis

value: memetic drift

value: intertextuality

value: meta-meme


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsakona, Villy

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsakona, V. (2020). Tracing the trajectories of contemporary online joking. Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 169–183.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Joke cycles nowadays emerge in social media networks and rely on intertextual links established among various texts/genres. Social media participants, in particular, are often inspired by current sociopolitical events and, as a response, create humorous texts which are
disseminated online to convey their stances towards the events referred to and to amuse
other members of social networks. Intertextuality plays a significant role in this process, as
the humorous material created draws not only on serious texts about the events commented
upon, but also on previous humorous material usually circulating online. The present case
study involves the humorous texts produced after the unexpected landing of a commercial
flight in Timişoara, Romania instead of Thessaloniki, Greece due to bad weather conditions. The event was mostly perceived as incongruous, and hence funny, by the Greek audience, so it quickly attracted media attention and generated both serious and humorous
discussions in the Greek public sphere. The intertextual analysis of the data focuses on the
humorous reactions to the event, in particular on the synergy between humor and intertextuality for creating and disseminating humor in online environments. More specifically, it
demonstrates how social media participants exploit and reframe textual material coming
from diverse sources to produce entertaining texts, attract the attention of the audience, and
contribute to online discussions of current affairs. During this process, online joke cycles
seem to be created by imitating –in a sense– and recontextualizing the production process
of oral joke cycles, which were popular among speakers before the advent and spreading of
social media. The intertextual chain traced through the proposed analysis shows how serious and humorous texts become part of a transformation process in online contexts and for
entertaining purposes.

value: humor

value: digital media

value: intertextual chains

value: recontextualization

dc.type

value: Article


title: April Fools’ day news — still funny?

dc.contributor.author

value: Brzozowska, Dorota

value: Chłopicki, Władysław

dc.identifier.citation

value: Brzozowska, D., Chłopicki, W. (2020). April Fools’ day news — still funny? Media Linguistics, 7 (2), 184–192.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The long tradition of joking connected with the first day of April seems to be dying out in the
era of fake news and scary headlines published every day. The aim of the article is to show the
status of April Fools’ Day jokes in the Polish and English language context on the example of
the material published on a single topic — swallowing inedible objects. In order to develop the
methodology of analysis of humour in the news, it is useful to take into account the notion of
incongruity, whether it is appropriate incongruity, background and foreground incongruities or
various levels of meta-scripts. In order to discuss the collected material, it seems necessary to
specify what kind of incongruities are involved as well as analyse the style of the stories in order
to identify the intended message. The irrational behaviour of the stories’ protagonists seems to
point the readers in the direction of a comic reading, but the stories are accompanied by pictures
and even videos which aim at proving their credibility. The analysis of the selected examples
points to the presence of incongruities, which are enhanced by colloquialisms as well as quasipunch lines. Some news published on the first day of April look like jokes, but do not end with
the traditional April Fool punch line, while some others are similarly strange, although they are
published on different occasions. Thus it is not easy to differentiate serious from non-serious
news. The appearance of daily news with incongruous content could also be seen in a broader
context as one of the elements of the trend towards “weirdization” of public discourse.

dc.subject

value: humour

value: discourse

value: news

value: media

value: eating disorders

dc.title

value: April Fools’ day news — still funny?