dc.contributor.author

value: Okrepilov, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Okrepilov V. V. Lomonosov, Euler, Mendeleev — Three Great Names in the History of Saint Petersburg University. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 827–839. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.401

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the lives and work of three outstanding scientists — M. V. Lomonosov,
L. Euler, and D. I. Mendeleev — among the brilliant galaxy of scientists who made the glory of
St. Petersburg University, which will celebrate its 300th anniversary in 2024. Undoubtedly, they
are the pride of all Russian and world science, but a significant part of the life of each of them
is connected with the history of the formation and development of St. Petersburg University.
Representing various branches of scientific knowledge, they not only enriched the world science,
but also made an invaluable contribution both to the initial period of the creation of the
university and to its leading role at the time of widespread development of higher education
in Russia. The analysis of the activities of these scientists enables to make the conclusion that
all of them shared the aspiration to achieve the highest possible accuracy in their scientific
researches, which ensures the reliability and high quality of scientific conclusions and their
application in practice. Each of this great trinity, having become an outstanding theoretician
in his field of science, consistently developed such an important scientific and practical area
as metrology — the science of measurements, methods, and means of ensuring their unity
and ways of achieving the required precision. The author of the article is a specialist in this
field, president of the Metrological Academy, one of the founders of the scientific direction
of quality economics, in which metrology, along with the standardization and quality management,
forms the basis for attaining the economic efficiency and improving the quality of
life. The article shows how great the contribution of these scientists to the development of
Russian metrology and the creation of the scientific and organizational foundation, on which
the current successes of national metrology and its leading positions in the world are built,
was. A historical perspective on the outstanding role of the three great scientists, whose life
and work for many decades was associated with St. Petersburg University, in the development
of metrology, will allow us to better appreciate the versatility of their talent and their ways of
searching for scientific truth.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Lomonosov

value: Euler

value: Mendeleev

value: St. Petersburg University

value: Academy of Sciences

value: metrology

value: precise measurements


dc.contributor.author

value: Kotov, Aleksandr E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotov A. E. Newspaper Controversy about the Institution of the Governorates General in the Western Russian Periphery. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 858–874. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.403

dc.description.abstract

value:
Several significant events simultaneously took place in 1888: the celebration of the 900th anniversary
of the baptism of Rus’, the disaster in Borki and subsequent transformations in the
railway business, the beginning of discussions about the project of land captains (head of
zemstvo), the accession to the throne of Wilhelm II. In the history of Russian social thought, or
rather, in the history of the conservative “camp”, this first years after the death of M. N. Katkov
and I. S. Aksakov became a year of decisive crisis. The so-called “Russian conservatism” had
never been a single entity. Ever since the 1860s, two different types of conservatism opposed
each other aristocratic and national. One of the most important subjects of constant discussions
between these camps was the Polish question, which encompassed not only national,
but also social problems. It remained relevant in the late 1880s, when the nationalist camp
was represented by the epigones of M. N. Katkov and by A. S. Suvorin. V. P. Meshcherskii and
K. N. Leontiev stood out among the class conservatives. Both ideological and literary trends
were inspired by influential dignitaries: on the one hand, by K. P. Pobedonostsev, on the other,
by T. I. Filippov. The most striking episode of this ideological struggle was the controversy
around the Kiev celebrations dedicated to the 900th anniversary of the baptism of Rus’. The
unexpected death at these celebrations of the Kiev Governor-General A. R. Drentel’n exacerbated
the debate about the need to maintain the governor-general in the North-Western
and South-Western regions. This institution at the time was regarded as emergency, and the
controversy about it became at the same time a controversy about the extent to which the Polish
question was resolved in these regions. In the ensuing discussion, the nationalist publications
“Novoye Vremya” and “Kievlianin” supported the preservation of the governorates. The
cohort of opponents of the governorates included the conservative “Grazhdanin”, the liberal
“Novosti”, and the Polish newspaper “Kraj”, which was published in St. Petersburg. A peculiar
position was taken by the liberal “Kievskoe slovo”.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation no. 19-18-00073-P “National
Identity in the Imperial Politics of Memory: History of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-
Lithuanian State in Historiography and Social Thought of the 19th — 20th Centuries”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: conservatism

value: nationalism

value: journalism

value: Suvorin

value: Meshcherskii

value: Pobedonostsev

value: Leontiev

value: Kiev Governorate General

value: Ukraine

value: Belarus

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Teslya, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Teslya A. A. The Polish Theme in the Journalism by Nikolai Leskov. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 843–857. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.402

dc.description.abstract

value:
Nikolai Semenovich Leskov (1831–1895) is one of the best-known Russian writers of the nineteenth
century and a recognized classic of Russian literature. However, Leskov’s journalism
proper, which comprises a significant amount in his ouvre in the 1860s, has been under-researched
primarily in relation to this period, and for a long time has remained outside the
scope of scholarly interest, and when it has been studied, it has been used as material for the
interpretation of his artistic heritage. This article examines the “Polish theme” in Leskov’s journalism
of the 1860s, first of all through the series of articles “From a Road Diary” (published
in the newspaper “Northern Bee” (“Severnaya pchela”) in 1862) and a series of essays “Russian
Society in Paris” (1863, “Library for reading” (“Biblioteka dlia Chtenia”), considerably revised
version — 1867). The article does not aim at exhaustive consideration of these texts, but outlines
the main aspects and problematic points as a prolegomena for the study which is to be
undertaken. It is also noteworthy that in 1862–1864 Leskov, together with a significant part
of the Russian educated society, underwent a rapid and significant evolution in the following
half-century of the Russian Empire — taking national frame of thought as his ownt and gaining
(reflectively) an affective connection to the national community. This reaffirms the thesis
of the fundamental significance of the year 1863 for the Russian history — all the multi-layered
consequences of which, including different aspects within the framework of intellectual
history of different duration, are in many ways only a prospect for further research.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation no. 19-18-00073 “National
Identity in the Imperial Politics of Memory: History of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-
Lithuanian State in Historiography and Social Thought of the 19th — 20th Centuries”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Herzen

value: imperial politics

value: Lithuania

value: nation-building

value: nihilism

value: Poles in Russian Empire

value: Slavic question

value: Kingdom of Poland


dc.contributor.author

value: Krot, Maksim N.

value: Zavyalova, Oksana O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krot M. N., Zavyalova O. O. Non-conflict Forms of Integration of the Western Regions of Russia in the Late Imperial Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 890–905. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.405

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the second half of the 19th century, under the influence of external and internal challenges,
the modernization of the Russian Empire began, one of the manifestations of which was an
attempt to unify the imperial space and to strengthen state ties between the center and the
peripheries. Integrative impact of the imperial center in the late 19th — early 20th century
was carried out by various means, which included, along with power management practices,
a wide range of non-conflict methods of integration, the identification and analysis of which
this article is devoted to. The approach proposed by the authors implies shifting the research
focus from the study of exclusively administrative and forceful management practices to the
non-conflict methods consistently present in management activities which formed a positive
sociocultural landscape within the framework of the polyethnic diversity of the population of
the western regions of the empire. The analysis of the documentary material demonstrates that
during the period under review, an increasing number of imperial administrators were aware
of the need to search for new non-conflict methods of managing the national peripheries of
the country. The systematic implementation of these practices — the rejection of a number
of discriminatory restrictions and consistent cultural, educational, educational and memorial
policies — gives reason to characterize the imperial management strategy in relation to the
western peripheries as a policy of “soft power”, the purpose of which was to form a nationwide
imperial identity that dominated national and confessional self-consciousness.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation within the framework of scholarly research
“ ‘Soft power’ of the empire: non-conflict forms and practices of integration of the Western regions of
Russia in 1881–1904”, project no. 22-28-01912, head M. N. Krot.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian Empire

value: western outlying regions

value: Northwestern territory

value: Baltic provinces

value: non-conflict management practices

value: “soft power”

value: P. D. Sviatopolk-Mirskii

value: memorial policy

value: public education


dc.contributor.author

value: Kotov, Aleksandr E.

value: Fedorov, Dmitrij A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotov A. E., Fedorov D. A. Kievan Conservative Journalists on the Problems of Education in Late Imperial Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 875– 889. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.404

dc.description.abstract

value:
Educational issues traditionally lay in the centre in the discourse of the Russian conservatism
in the 19th century. Representatives of its different trends (Slavophiles, Katkov’s followers, aristocrates)
regularly emphasized that this sphere was the key to resolving most of the problems
the country faced: the necessity to develop the country and at the same time to “protect” —
not only the existing political regime but also the historical continuity, national and spiritual
values. The objects of criticism of conservative publicists were, as a rule, new trends in the
educational sphere. However, the methods of dealing with them were perceived differently by
different conservatives. In the end, the program of M. N. Katkov, which implied the spread of
the classical model of the secondary school and the transformation of universities according
to the German model, won. However, it aroused serious objections in conservative circles
as well. The elementary school, which most conservatives traditionally associated with the
Orthodox clergy, caused the least controversy. Regional specifics also played their role: educational
issues were intertwined with the national ones as in the western periphery university
and school were perceived as tools of combating “Polonism”. At the same time, one of the first
demands of the Ukrainophiles was schooling in the “Little Russian dialect”. The press of the
“Russian direction” actively opposed this — first of all, “Moskovskie Vedomosti” and “Novoe
Vremia”. The largest regional conservative newspaper “Kievlianin”, founded by V. Ya. Shulgin,
generally followed their program under his successor D. I. Pikhno but took a special view on
educational issues, while showing a significant degree of independence and even liberalism.
The latter was not only a consequence of the personal position of the editors. Publicism of
“Kievlianin” reflected the views of the circle of Russian nationalist intelligentsia formed in
post-reform Kiiv who managed to help the authorities solve the problem of “de-Polonization”
of the Southern-Western territory but played a role in the subsequent great upheavals.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation no. 19-18-00073-P “National
Identity in the Imperial Politics of Memory: History of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-
Lithuanian State in Historiography and Social Thought of the 19th–20th Centuries”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: conservatism

value: nationalism

value: university question

value: parochial schools

value: education reforms

value: Pikhno

value: Shulgin

value: Katkov

value: “Kievlianin”

value: western outskirts

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dmitrieva, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dmitrieva N. V. Interpretation of the Historical Component of the Polish Question by Constitutional Democrats at the Beginning of the First World War. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 906–919. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.406

dc.description.abstract

value:
The outbreak of the First World War actualized the Polish issue, difficult for the Russian Empire,
the discussion of which involved the government, the public, and political parties. The
need to adapt the party program to the political situation, which was regularly updated under
the extremely unstable conditions of wartime, forced the representatives of the Constitutional
Democratic Party to turn to the joint historical past of Poland and Russia to substantiate the
political present. During the first six months of the war, the Central Committee of the Constitutional
Democratic Party carried out intensive work to prepare materials for correcting its
program on the national question. There was a gradual integration of the Polish question into
the general concept of the state and foreign policies of the Cadets. The Central Committee
of the Cadet Party continued to think within imperial categories in relation to space. In the
course of lengthy discussions during the meetings of the Central Committee, different points
of view within the party were revealed; however, the Central Committee was forced to come
to a relatively common opinion, preparing for public presentation a project for the organization
of Poland not only to members of the party and the Russian public, but also to the Poles
themselves. The analysis of the material accumulated in 1914 shows the clarity of the historical
component of the positions of the Cadets and the abstract nature of their political and legal
positions.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Polish question

value: Constitutional Democratic Party

value: World War I

value: historical past

value: political programs


dc.contributor.author

value: Nazarenko, Kirill B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nazarenko K. B. The Swedish Origin of the Russian Naval Artillery Drill Regulations during the Time of Peter the Great. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 927–942. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.408

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the origin of the Russian Naval artillery drill regulations
(so called exercise) of the era of Peter the Great. Previously only one Russian Naval artillery exercise
of the 18th century, introduced by F. M. Apraksin in 1718, was known. The comparison
of two printed treatises of D. Grundell (the head of the Swedish Naval artillery in 1712–1716)
with the exercise of Apraksin has revealed their obvious similarity. The author has discovered
the Russian exercise of the late 1740s. Its analysis enables to prove that in the Russian Navy (at
least from 1717 to the middle of the 18th century) there existed one exercise, and this exercise
was a translation and adaptation of the Swedish one. Russian and Swedish exercises were totally
different compared to the French and English ones. The study confirms that two articles of
the Russian Naval Charter of 1720 are a translation of the two passages of D. Grundell’s treatise
of 1705, and this treatise itself was in circulation in Russia and, possibly, was known to Peter I.
The biography of D. Grundell, who joined the Russian service in 1698 but did not actually
serve, has been clarified. The current research raises questions of the dissemination of scientific,
technical, and regulatory information of the 18th century. This process could take a variety
of forms (oral, written, printed) — from the transfer of information by the teacher to the
student to publications that referred to their approval by the relevant authorities or officials.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation according to the research project
no. 23-18-00420 “New People of New Russia: Anthropology of the Maritime Nation in the First Half of the
18th Century”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4

value: Russia

value: Sweden

value: Navy

value: artillery

value: regulations

value: combat training


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Ksenia B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova K. B. A Comparative Approach to Belarusian Ethnicity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 920–926. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.407

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is a scholarly review of the monograph “Faces of the Other in the Multilingual Belarusian
Literature of the 19th Century” written by N. L. Bakhanovich. The book examines the
image of “The Other” in Belarusian literature of the 19th century. Bakhanovich refers both to
Polish-speaking romanticists (for example, A. Mickiewicz) and to some Russian-speaking authors
to illustrate the main message of the book. From a methodological point of view, Bakhanovich
follows the traditions of the Russian school of comparative literature and develops the
thoughts of A. N. Veselovskii, Yu. M. Lotman, and others about the importance of describing
the perception of “the other”, i.e., of a different cultural, religious, and ritual space reflected in
literary works, for a more accurate understanding of the Belarusian culture and ethnicity. Although
the book attempts to use the methodological framework of “imagined communities”,
as presented by the British political scientist and sociologist B. Anderson, it is not convincingly
justified. The book touches upon the difficult issue of cultural self-identification of the lands
of modern Belarus; a number of the conclusions made by the author are controversial and in
need of additional commentary, as is the terminological apparatus chosen to represent several
political issues (for example, an attempt to consider the inclusion of the territories of the
former Grand Duchy of Lithuania into the Russian Empire as an act of colonization). Such a
publication is undoubtedly a significant contribution to the development of scholarly ideas
about the formation of the Belarusian literary tradition in the 19th century.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation no. 19-18-00073-P “National
Identity in the Imperial Politics of Memory: History of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-
Lithuanian State in Historiography and Social Thought of the 19th — 20th Centuries”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Slavic studies

value: literature of Belarus

value: comparative literature

value: culture of Belarus

value: heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pitulko, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pitulko V. V. Outlines of the Archaeological Study of the Stone Age in the Russian Eastern Arctic. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 991–1038. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.412

dc.description.abstract

value:
The East Siberian Arctic is an enormous territory. In many respects it still remains little explored.
The main matrix for assembling versatile knowledge about the nature and man of the
region is the Bering Land concept. In this article, the history of the development of theorethical
grounds of the research and exploration of the region is discussed. The history of human
settlement in arctic West Beringia spans approximately 50,000 years. More than two-century-
long practice of archaeological study comprises three periods: the initial stage ending before
WWII; post-war period, or Soviet stage (1940s to 1991); and the modern post-Soviet
stage (1991 to the present day). Basic ideas on geology and paleogeography of the region were
formed during the first two stages; then methodological grounds were expanded in archaeological
studies. The first Pleistocene site was discovered in the area in the early 1970s. The
knowledge on the ancient past of Beringia has been largely obtained within the modern stage
of research when various evidence of the past human activity has been received, which enables
to reconstruct the process of human settlement in the area. Unique objects of the world
cultural heritage, such as Zhokhov and Yana sites, have been revealed. These materials allow
identification of the complex technologies of the Stone Age, thanks to which people occupied
these areas, and evaluation of the features of the socio-cultural development of the ancient
population of the region. Results of the studies performed recently demonstrate a giant scholarly
potential for further research in that area. Qualitative changes in the examination of the
region are largely associated with the expansion of scholarly tools.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation project no. 21-18-00457 “Vital technology
of the ancient settlers of the arctic Western Beringia in changing Late Pleistocene and Holocene landscapes:
space management, site structures, and behavior”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Stone Age

value: late Neopleistocene

value: early Holocene

value: Arctic

value: Western Beringia

value: history of research and exploration

value: current state


dc.contributor.author

value: Rybin, Evgeny P.

value: Khatsenovich, Arina M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rybin E. P., Khatsenovich A. M. The Concepts, Chronology and Dispersal Routes of the Initial Upper Paleolithic of South Siberia and Central Asia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 1039–1071. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.413

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the chronology and distribution of the earliest blade of the Initial Upper
Paleolithic in Central and Eastern Eurasia. Based on a review of the available evidence, it is
concluded that the spread of the Initial Upper Paleolithic tradition is relatively rapid, with the
difference between the older dates from the Altai Upper Paleolithic laminar assemblages (ca
45–49 ka BP, Kara-Bom UP2 level), and the younger dates from the industries east of Altai is
minimal, and most often does not exceed one-two thousand years. Initial Upper Paleolithic
industries replace Late Middle Paleolithic complexes on their way from the Altai. The early
Initial Upper Paleolithic assemblages from Central Eurasia, being close in age, show a significant
degree of technological and typological similarity, which may indicate the transfer of the
tradition in its entirety. The earliest Initial Upper Paleolithic assemblages of Central Eurasia
are synchronous, or slightly younger than the early Emiran Upper Paleolithic industries from
the Boker Tachtit site in the Levant. The Initial Upper Paleolithic industries on the assumed
route of dispersal between the Levant and Central Asia are unknown. At the same time, the
earliest European Initial Upper Paleolithic can also be seen as an example of a rapid and directed
transfer of Initial Upper Paleolithic cultural traditions from the Levant to the Balkans and to Central and Western Europe. The article suggests that the same scenario of the spread
of the Initial Upper Paleolithic tradition, supposedly associated with the dispersal of the anthropologically
modern type of humans, could also take place in the central part of Eurasia,
where the territory of the mountains and foothills of Central Asia and South Siberia could
become the center of Initial Upper Paleolithic formation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Investigation of techno-typological composition of Initial Upper Paleolithic complexes was supported
by the Russian Science Foundation within the framework of scientific research “The formation of Initial
Upper Paleolithic culture in eastern Central Asia and South Siberia: polycentrism or transfer of cultural
traditions along the northern route of Homo sapiens dispersal in Asia”, project no. 19-18-00198, headed
by E. P. Rybin. Studies of chronological position of Middle and Upper Paleolithic industries was performed
within the Scientific Researcher Works program of Institute of Archaeology and Enthography of Siberian
Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences no. FWZG-2022-0008 “Central Asia in antiquity: Stone Age archaeological
cultures in a changing natural environment”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Central Eurasia

value: Middle Paleolithic

value: Initial Upper Paleolithic

value: migrations

value: chronology

value: lithic technology


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogdanov, Sergey V.

value: Bulatov, Vladislav A.

value: Кorochkova, Olga N.

value: Spiridonov, Ivan A.

value: Tkachev, Vitaly V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogdanov S. V., Bulatov V. A., Korochkova O. N., Spiridonov I. A., Tkachev V. V. Deposition of Base Ore and Alloy Elements in the Bronze Age Metal in the Trans-Urals. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 1104–1140. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.415

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper studies the problems of the geochemical specialization of the Bronze Age metal
items from the eastern flank of the Ural mining and metallurgical province produced at the
end of the third millennium BC — the middle of the second millennium BC in the Abashevo,
Sintashta, Koptyakov-Seimino and the Alakul centers. The metal geochemical markers determination
was performed by means of a local quantitative chemical composition analysis of
101 solid samples with an electron X-ray microanalyzer. The selection consisted of a representative
series of copper and bronze items corresponding to various stages of metallurgical
conversion process from the classic archaeological sites of the Trans-Urals. Systematization
of the analytical data on the chemistry of items from each metal production center made it
possible to identify stable compositions of micro-impurities associated with the base ores and alloys. The Abashevo and the Sintashta culture metal demonstrated a stable correlation of
excess arsenic and nickel concentrations, which was partly due to the use of the Trans-Urals
ores with a high content of these elements, however, the most significant concentration of
arsenic (from 2 to 5 %) was observed in the finished items rather than in refined copper ingots
or semi-finished products, which may indicate intentional alloying. Tin alloys in the Sintashta
culture were quite rare; they demonstrated the same chemistry as the Seimin-Turbino metallurgical
traditions. Large-scale use of tin for refined copper alloying was observed only in the
Koptyakov-Seimino and the Alakul series. The Alakul series contained some high-tin alloying
compositions close to the ideal tin bronzes (18 % Sn). It is possible that the sources of tin for
them were the Kazakhstan and the Central Asia deposits. The only impurity integrating the
entire ancient metal series, according to microprobe analysis, was sulfur, due to the sulfide
feed stock. Sulfur was deposited in blister from the high-copper (above 20 % Cu) sulfide-silica-
carbonate mineral blends that met the Bronze Age metal production criteria. The sources
of raw materials were associated with the secondary sulfides of the ophiolite deposits hypergenesis
zones in the Trans-Urals.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation “Technologies of mining
and metallurgical production of the Bronze Age in the evolution of the cultural-historical landscape
of the Ural region”, project no. 21-78-20015 (headed by V. V. Tkachev), as well as State Tasks no.
AAAA-A21-1210111900016-1, no. FEUZ-2023-0018, no. АААА-А19-119071090011-6.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: copper ores

value: secondary copper sulphides

value: alloying

value: microprobe analysis

value: metallurgical centers

value: Abashevo

value: Sintashta

value: Koptyakovo

value: Alakul cultures

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lidzhieva, Irina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lidzhieva I. V. Socio-Demographic Analysis of the Chief Trustees of the Kalmyk People in Late Imperial Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 943– 961. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.409

dc.description.abstract

value:
The imperial policy aimed at integrating the population of the peripheries into the general imperial
space largely depended on the conceptual decisions made by the immediate leaders of
the administrations of the national minorities (inorodtsy). The author, based on the positions
of historical elitology, focuses on the socio-demographic characteristics of the chief trustees
(managers) of the Kalmyk steppe in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. For the
first time, the identified sources made it possible to consider the social composition, educational
level, family and property status of the officials who headed the Kalmyk administration.
During the period under review, this institution underwent cardinal changes. The completely
autonomous position of the chief trustee, which had been held by six people from 1867 to
1892, was transformed into that of the head of the Kalmyk people, whose scope of power was
significantly reduced. The merging of the power of the head of the administration and the Astrakhan
governor marked the next stage in the process of integrating the national minorities
of the peripheries. Until 1917, the established position of the head of the Kalmyk people had
been held by seven people successively. The absolute majority of the trustees were individuals
of the privileged class of the Russian society, whereas the social composition of the head of the
Kalmyk people was more varied. In terms of career growth, the latter circumstance indicates
the lack of attractiveness of the newly introduced position. As far as the family and marital
status was concerned, they were all married, but not all of them owned land or immovable
property. Each of them had experience in civil or military service. Even without the civil experience,
after the end of their military career, they actively joined in managing the process of
integration of the Kalmyk population into the all-Russian space.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication is prepared as part of the project no. 122020100347-2 for realization of the State
Objectives of the Federal Research Center of the Southern Scientific Center of RAS.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Kalmyk steppe

value: chief trustee of the Kalmyk people

value: head of the Kalmyk people

value: service form lists

value: officialdom

value: management of inorodtsy

value: historical elitology


dc.contributor.author

value: Vavilova, Zhanna E.

value: Galieva, Alfiya M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vavilova Zh. E., Galieva A. M. (2023). In the face of a threat: A study of political discourse based on the speeches of American presidents. Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 478–496. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Analysis of the structural elements of the media space and communication mechanisms that
shape the information picture of the world and construct the image of socially significant facts
remains relevant in the eventful context of modern life; each time it requires fresh empirical
material for research. The article analyzes State of the Union addresses of US Presidents in
2003 and 2022 — by George W. Bush and J. Biden — to identify the crypto components,
or hidden aspects of leadership that are manifested in both speeches. The choice of sources is
related to the current situation in the world, in which one can see some similarities with the
context of the presidential speech twenty years ago. The study of texts included two stages:
quantitative content analysis and qualitative discourse analysis. To highlight the semantic
priorities of the texts, the methods of quantitative linguistics were used; calculating the
frequency of linguistic units made it possible to determine the key words of the discourse and
its main conceptual vectors. The qualitative analysis of the semantic and pragmatic aspects
of information showed that both speeches were characterized by the use of such strategies
as generalization, example, amplification, concession, repetition, and contrast. The study
revealed that many common features in the speeches were due to the specifics of the genre —
both in the lexical content and in the choice of strategies for influencing the audience. Both
speeches contain a large number of units referring to the socio-political realities of the era; in
their structure, the role of personal pronouns is extremely high, which helps create images of
politicians with outstanding leadership qualities that are necessary to unite their people. The
analysis also made it possible to highlight a number of peculiarities, both in the agenda and in
the choice of means of expression.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 10; Issue 4

value: political discourse

value: content analysis

value: discourse analysis

value: speeches of US presidents

value: State of the Union Address

dc.title

size: 1 MB


dc.contributor.author

value: Kodin, Evgenii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kodin E. V. American Intelligence and Belarusian Emigration against Soviet Byelorussia during the Cold War. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 974–990. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.411

dc.description.abstract

value:
By the end of the Second World War, about 200 thousand Belarusians ended up as refugees in
Western Europe. A significant part of them were repatriated to the Soviet Union, more than
one thousand moved to the USA, another fifteen hundred — to other non-European countries.
In 1951, the number of Belarusians remaining in Europe was sixty thousand people. Belarusian
emigration, as well as the emigration from other Soviet Republics, immediately came
to the attention of the US Central Intelligence Agency within the framework of a document
developed in 1948 by the State Department entitled “Utilization of Refugees from the Soviet
Union in U. S. National Interests”, which was supposed to “fill in the niches in our current
intelligence, in public information, and in our politico-psychological operations”. The Central
Intelligence Agency was supposed to develop and quite generously finance the intelligence
and propaganda projects and programs important for the agency. The leadership of the Rada
of the Belarusian People’s Republic (in exile) headed by its chairman Nikolai Abramchik was
to be responsible for staffing the necessary number of agents from among the emigrant Belarusian
youth to infiltrate into Belarus and for distributing information among the national
European emigration. However, this did not cause any expected “resistance movement” within
the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic contrary to the intended actions of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the Rada. By the end of 1961, the projects of the Central Intelligence
Agency in Belarus conducted since 1951, including the most famous AEQUOR, which involved
infiltrating agents into the territory of the republic, were closed.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Central Intelligence Agency

value: Belarusian post-war emigration

value: Rada of Belarusian People’s Republic

value: Cold War

value: Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Hambardzumyan, Naira V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hambardzumyan N. V. The Ideology of Women’s Emancipation as Ontogenesis of the Subject. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, рp. 962–973. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.410

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the issues of Christian national minorities (Armenians) who lived in
the Ottoman Empire during and after the Tanzimat period: their national identity, women’s
issues, the possibilities of developing the ontogenetic concept of female subjectivity. Such development
can be defined as ontogenesis of a social and a literary-cultural subject, which involves
capacities of a woman and potential for social and cultural integration. The study aims
to identify the features of the subject in the context of the transformations of literary-cultural
and historical-political concepts based on the philosophical and anthropological worldview of
female authors and typology of culture in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th
century. The study examines and interprets how an Armenian woman living in the Ottoman
Empire in the second half of the 19th century underwent a gradual transformation from being
a silent object of subjugation and domestic captivity into a social, literary-cultural, and historical-
political subject. The actuality of the research lies in its interdisciplinary nature: the material
was analyzed through connections between Literary Studies, History, Philosophy, and
Sociology, by means of historical-comparative, phenomenological, and socio-philosophical
research methods. Following the geopolitical changes in the historical-political, socio-economic, and legal systems of the Ottoman Empire during the period in question, the social
role of women was reconsidered based on the ideology of women’s emancipation, which was
defined as ontogenesis of the female subject. The analysis of this kind has been attempted for
the first time.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by the Science Committee of the Republic of Armenia, within the framework
of Research project no. 2IT-6B118.

dc.subject

value: women’s emancipation

value: Western Armenia

value: ontogenesis

value: Ottoman Empire

value: Constantinople


dc.contributor.author

value: Kalinin, Andrei Y.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalinin A. Yu. (2023). Machine voice-over translation in social media: Perceived quality of translation of YouTube travel vlogs. Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 568–597. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.408 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the challenges of social media as a means of interaction is to ensure media accessibility,
i. e. to provide users with a free and unhindered access to the content of computer-mediated
communication platforms. In the context of global networking, linguistic constraints due to
the use of a verbal code different from the language of the potential user while creating media
content, are not the least of the obstacles to such access. Given the obvious dominance of English
in the online space, this is mainly a matter of expanding the audience by engaging individuals
whose source language proficiency is not sufficient for unimpeded use of social media, in
particular for viewing, listening and understanding video content uploaded on video hosting
sites and other digital platforms. Since user-generated video content is generally characterised
by individual and independent production, free accessibility and target audiences sharing a
common interest for a specific subject matter, regardless of their residence area and language
affiliation, human audio-visual translation is not considerable in such circumstances. For this
reason, as a way to overcome language barriers and ensure media accessibility, the most advanced
Internet portals are beginning to implement Web-based online machine translation
solutions, made possible by the development of linguistic digital technologies. The survey
conducted as a part of this study has shed light on the users’ perception of machine voice-over
translation of English-language travel vlogs into Russian, and formulated some hypotheses
regarding the ways to further improve its quality. The empirical evidence for this study was
obtained from a two-step survey involving users and experts (audiovisual translators) who
assessed the quality of machine voice translation of English-language travel vlog into Russian.
According to the results ontained machine translation seems to be conceptually acceptable as
a means of enabling language media accessibility in social media.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: media accessibility

value: machine voice-over translation

value: translation quality assessment

value: video blogging

value: travel vlog


dc.contributor.author

value: Slobodin, Sergei B.

value: Zelenskaya, Alisa Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Slobodin S. B., Zelenskaya A. Yu. The Mesolithic Epoch at the Kolyma River Basin. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 1072–1103. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.414

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the history of the study of the Early Holocene antiquities of the Kolyma
River basin, the archaeological research of which was started in 1946 by A. P. Okladnikov.
During the first stage of work only Neolithic sites were identified. Studies in the 1970s–1980s
led researchers to various opinions about the course of the historical development of this
region at the turn of the Neo-Pleistocene and Early Holocene. A. Yu. Mochanov, based on the
materials he studied on the Lower Kolyma, believed that in the Early Holocene there existed
the Sumnagin culture, which he identified in Yakutia. N. N. Dikov singled out the Siberdik and
Maltan Kolyma cultures, different from the Sumnagin culture, which, according to his scheme
of the historical development of Kolyma, “prevented” Sumnagin culture from the spread both
to the Kolyma and to the east of it. This dilemma of the Kolyma materials remained unresolved
until recently. In the 1980s–1990s S. B. Slobodin discovered the Early Holocene Uolba
culture on the Upper Kolyma with blade stemmed points, which was recorded from Yakutia to
Chukotka and Kamchatka. The revision of the materials of the Multan site showed that it was
not mistakenly attributed to the early Holocene. In 2017–2020, A. Yu. Zelenskaya explored the
Burkhala site on the Upper Kolyma, 9,300 14С years old (10,510 cal. BP) with in situ materials
associated with the Sumnagin culture. The outlined contours of the development of cultures
in the early Holocene of the Kolyma basin will serve as guidelines both for practical work of
identification and field studies of the sites, and for further expansion of the theoretical knowledge
about the ancient cultures of the North-East of Russia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out within the framework of the State order no. 121031700302-2 of the Ministry
of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation “Reconstruction of historical processes,
inter-ethnic and intercultural interactions in the Far North-East of Russia in antiquity, in Modern and Contemporary
history”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Kolyma

value: Mesolithic Northeast Asia

value: Early Holocene

value: Sumnagin

value: Uolba

value: Siberdik cultures

value: conical core

value: microblade

value: angle burin

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Beloedova, Anna V.

value: Tyazhlov, Yan I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Beloedova A. V., Tyazhlov Y. I. (2023). Scientific text on the Internet: Communicationtypological characteristics. Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 450–477. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The key communication and typological characteristics of a scientific text on the Internet
are considered as a special form of representation of scientific knowledge. The scientific novelty
of the research lies in the use of a multimodal approach to the study of the specifics of
academic texts in the Internet environment, which involves the study of a scientific text in
a combination of linguo-stylistic, semiotic and discursive approaches. This approach makes
it possible to study scientific Internet texts as certain communicative situations in terms of
combining various forms and formats of transmitting and receiving information, taking into
account the verbal and visual components, text architectonics, affordances, etc. As a result, the
most important features of the academic Internet text, such as hypertextuality, interactivity,
multimodality, openness and accessibility, are identified and characterized. The digital online
environment has fundamentally changed scientific communication — it has made it cheaper,
more accessible, more mobile, at the same time, it has also created new communication problems.
One of them is the “extinction” of links in scientific publications: a significant number
of hyperlinks either do not correspond to the original content or do not work completely. The
number of “dead” links is linear, but constantly growing, which creates obvious threats to the development of modern scientific communication in the Internet environment. Based on the
analysis of modern scientific texts, their typology was performed, based on the following parameters:
the nature of the creation of texts (PDF versions of texts, web texts and mixed types
of texts), the updating of the material in the publication (static and dynamic (“live”) scientific
texts), semiotic organization of the text (verbal texts, verbal texts with a static or dynamic visual
component), the ability to rate the material and comment on it (texts with excluded and
enabled readers’ evaluation), conditions for the reader to access the publication (publications
with free and paid full-text access), the prevailing way of perception of information by the
consumer (linear, microergodic, non-mutable and mutable ergodic texts).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 23-28-00109 “Reception and
interpretation of academic texts in internet: a multimodal approach”, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00109/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: multimodality studies

value: academic texts

value: text on the Internet

value: scientific text on the Internet

value: typology of scientific texts on the Internet


dc.contributor.author

value: Kondratieva, Olga N.

value: Ignatova, Yulia S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kondratieva O. N., Ignatova Yu. S. (2023). Infodemic: The formation of a new mediaconcept. Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 497–521. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
COVID-19 pandemic and the virus spread of hoax information which accompanied this
disease encouraged the World Health Organization to use the word infodemic which was
actively employed by the foreign and Russian mass-media. The redoubled attention of the
mass-media to the problem of infodemic led to the growth of its social importance, to the
increase of the word infodemic frequency which made it order of the day. The semantics of
the word infodemic was sophisticated, new meanings in the mass-media definitions appeared,
the former demanding meta-language reflection, a new media-concept was formed. The aim
of the article is to explore infodemic as the key media-concept of the present time. The main
stages of the media-concept’s life cycle are revealed, the peculiarities of its functioning at each
stage are described. The research bank was formed with the help of the corpus method. The
following methods were employed in the process of the language material scrutiny: definition
analysis, component and conceptual analysis, the method of metaphoric modelling, discourseanalysis
and content-analysis. The infodemic rapidly turned into a concept due to the highprofile
nature, the importance and the ingenuity of the pandemic itself and its reflection in the
traditional and social mass-media. The media-concept infodemic went through several stages:
onset, growth and maturity. It acquired three lavish and highly-structured layers: notional,
figurative and evaluative. The information in each of these layers is distributed according
to three conceptual segments: “information — spread — consequences”. In the process of
the media-concept’s evolution its initial connection with the medical sphere was weakened.
The infodemic was interpreted as a flow of copious and false information which appears and
spreads in the mass-media and the Internet in the periods of crucial social periods. The mediaconcept
“infodemic” functions as an indicator of a wide variety of social problems connected
with the media-consuming.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: mediatization

value: media reality

value: media-discourse

value: media-concept

value: infodemic


dc.contributor.author

value: Ostrovskaya, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ostrovskaya E. A. (2023). Sociological study of mediatization from an institutional perspective: Concepts and empirical researches. Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 598–620. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.409 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The rapidly unfolding process of mediatization radically changes the contours of social reality.
Unprecedented arrangements of individuals, communications and media give rise to new
collectivities and new translocal discourses on politics, economics, education, culture, and
religion. The new media included in the structure of communication opened up access to
information and practice beyond the censorship of institutionalized authorities. A variety
of movements, groups and communities declare themselves through the communicative
spaces of blogs, websites, podcasts, digital platforms. Media’s public sphere gives the voice to
youth subcultures that previously were in the gray zones of sociality. These and many other
consequences of mediatization call into question the methodological tools of social sciences.
Theories on mediatization as well as the empirical research into mediatized social reality are
the relatively new developments of the Russian academic field. There is an evident absence
of sociological theorizing on mediatization in the Russian literature on media research. This
article is aimed at reviewing the institutional approach of the Danish sociologist Stig Hjarvard,
who was a pioneer in the theoretical understanding of mediatization as a process of total change
in modern societies. The institutional approach is extremely in demand in the humanities.
The part of the article covers from Hjarvard’s initial reflections on the mediatization to his
later development of approach to mediatization.The article proposes an analysis of the key concepts of the institutional approach and the thematic areas formed through its application
in the study of youth — youth practices and subcultures in the media’s public spere and digital
storytelling as a tool for identity construction. The proposed article contains an analysis of
specific cases of applying the methodology of the approach in the study of subcultures of street
graffiti writers, skaters and electro-dancers.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out within the framework of the Research, development and experimental
technological works no. 121062300141-5 “Comprehensive study of factors and mechanisms of political and
socio-economic sustainability in the context of the transition to a digital society”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: institutional approach

value: media’s public sphere

value: digital storytelling

value: youth subcultures

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Khuong, Thi Thu Trang

value: Baraboshkin, Konstantin E.

value: Nurgazina, Ayman B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khuong Thi Thu Trang, Baraboshkin K. E., Nurgazina A. B. (2023). Destructive economic media discourse: The experience of analyzing Russian and foreign media. Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 554–567. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the article: to consider the linguistic components of destructive orientation
in the media discourse of Russia, Vietnam, China and Kazakhstan. Hypothesis: the mass
media discourse of Russia, Vietnam, China and Kazakhstan actively uses aggressive verbal
strategies to construct a pronounced negative image of a target that opposes, according to the
governments of these countries, national interests. The object of the study is the economic
media discourse of Russia, China, Vietnam and Kazakhstan. The subject of the analysis is the
linguistic components of a destructive nature used in the economic media discourse of the
above countries. The scientific novelty is due to the elaboration of previously not considered,
new modern speech material, which is of interest both in terms of theory and practice, since it
helps to understand the directions of purposeful transformation of the ideological paradigm
of the potential target audience with the promotion of clear updated parameters of acceptance/
rejection of the economic situation in the country and/or around it. The relevance of the study
is predetermined by the fact that the economic media discourse of these countries previously
represented a research lacuna. The scenario approach in the study is used in reconstructive
linguistic modeling of destruction in modern economic media in a situation of dominance of
digital communication. Communicative actors in the economic media discourse are analyzed
through a system of motives that create conditions for the successful implementation of
targeted persistence. The simulated transformation of the basic values of the economic space in
the structure of background knowledge is based on associative series of interpretation, which
depend on the involvement of the intended recipients in a particular information background
that is subject to destructive influence. The results of the study are based on a prospective
analysis of destructive components in the economic media discourse of the above countries.
In the course of the work, the frequency manipulative destructive elements in the economic
media discourse have been identified, which are aimed at transforming the standards of public
reactions in public coverage of economic and financial problems.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: economic media discourse

value: types of aggression

value: destructive components

value: destructive manipulation


dc.contributor.author

value: Akhrenova, Natalia A.

value: Zaripov, Ruslan I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Akhrenova N. A., Zaripov R. I. (2023). The linguopragmatic characteristics of modern polycode-multimodal media text in the context of information-psychological influence. Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 428–449. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of linguopragmatic characteristics of media text in the
context of information and psychological impact on individual and collective addressee in the
context of mass information broadcasting. As is known, as a special form of text existence in
the modern information space, media text contains not only verbal elements realizing direct
speech impact, but also non-verbal ones. This symbiosis of verbal and non-verbal means,
as well as a number of pragmatic factors and attitudes, multiply the persuasive potential of
a modern media text. In this connection, following other scientific fields, linguistics enters
into interaction with the phenomenon of informational and psychological impact, which
combines linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects of communication. From a structural point
of view, media text is a complex communicative organization that combines text, hypertext,
dynamic and static images, sound and provides non-linear, multi-channel, multi-layered and
multi-dimensional perception of the embedded conceptual meanings, creates opportunities
for feedback. What makes a modern media text polycode-multimodal. The purpose of this
article is to analyze the linguopragmatic characteristics of the media text as the main form of
realization of information influence. We use descriptive, synchronic-diachronic and functional
research methods, as well as methods of contextual and communicative-pragmatic analysis.
Based on the results of the study, we analyzed and described in detail the linguopragmatic
characteristics of the media text as the main form of realization of information and
psychological impact on the addressee in the modern information and communication space.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: media text

value: polycode-multimodal text

value: information-psychological impact

value: media space

value: mass communication


dc.contributor.author

value: Nesterovа, Natalia G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nesterova N. G. (2023). Communicative and pragmatic originality, and linguistic and stylistic resources of the television educational program (on the example of the project “Transfer of knowledge”). Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 522–537. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the identification and description of the communicative and
pragmatic specifics of the television discourse of the cognitive program and its linguistic and
stylistic originality. The study is based on the material of an intellectual and entertaining quiz,
the participants of which were the finalists of the regional competitions “Teacher of the Year”.
It is substantiated that the communicative-pragmatic specificity of the program under study
is determined by its genre (intellectual quiz), the category of participants (school teachers)
and the educational strategy aimed at popularizing knowledge and sharing knowledge. These
factors determine the nature of the linguistic representation of the discourse under study. The
vocabulary of general education occupies a key position in the discourse under study. The
genre of the quiz involves assessing the performance of tasks, which leads to an abundance of evaluative statements. It is revealed that they are represented by speech acts of approval, praise,
compliment; in many cases they are used as a manifestation of politeness, as a kind of etiquette
formula and create a harmonious atmosphere of communication. The communicative space
of the program is characterized by emotionality, expressiveness, figurative speech of the
presenters and participants. The noted features are formed through a variety of figurative
and expressive means of the language: metaphors, phraseologically related combinations,
precedent units. The polyphony of linguistic and stylistic resources of the cognitive program
is noted. The basis of speech communication is the neutral style of the literary language in
combination with elements of colloquial style. Among the colloquial elements, emotionally
expressive vocabulary, elements of general, professional and youth jargon stand out.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: educational program

value: television discourse

value: quiz

value: linguo-stylistic specificity

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Glikina, Anna V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Glikina A. V. (2023). The internet-meme and the ethics: A review of scientific research for 2018–2022. Media Linguistics, 10 (4), 538–553. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article accumulates, systematizes and qualifies the most significant modern and relevant
scientific works in the field of digital ethics and memetics over the past five years by means
of a semisystematic analysis. This method allows us to consider various areas of research for
a specified period and provide an overview of scientific sources on issues of digital ethics and
memetics. The studies reviewed by the author were selected on scientific and technical bases
as eLibrary, CyberLeninka and CORE according to the following keywords: Internet meme,
memetics, digital ethics, ethics of a journalist, social networks. The author’s focus is on identifying
gaps in research on both internet memes and digital ethics. The author aims to identify
different aspects of the relationship between the Internet meme and the ethics of its creation
and distribution, as well as to outline the prospects for further research of the problems raised.
The presented article specifies the range of existing semantic gaps in scientific concepts and
identifies the main lines of development of the problem. As a result of the study the author
notes that the study of creolized texts comes down to three problematic issues: how they influence
the user’s picture of the world, how they become popular and who creates them. At the
same time, the ethical side of the issue is not touched upon by the authors in their works. Most
scholarly articles on digital ethics and journalism ethics boil down to three areas: analysis of
codes of ethics, analysis of user behavior on social networks and analysis of the spread of fake
information online. Thus, the author concludes that digital ethics scholars almost never consider
Internet memes as a subject of study, and vice versa, researchers of Internet memes rarely
address ethical issues in their works.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: internet-meme

value: digital ethics

value: journalistic ethics

value: social media

value: memetics


dc.contributor.author

value: Volodin, Arseny A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volodin A. A. 2023. Product promotion by means of influencer marketing in the Chinese perfumery and cosmetics market. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (4): 494–529. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper discusses the development of ways to improve the procedure of selecting the most
effective opinion leaders (influencers) for the promotion of perfumery and cosmetic products
based on the results of the empirical study of the audience’s subjective perception in the Chinese
market. The analysis was carried out on the basis of a formalized online survey of perfumery and
cosmetics consumers — 992 out of 1,032 responses from the Chinese audience were included in
the final sample of the study and handled by means of the partial least squares structural equation
modeling. The study proposes a conceptual model of the impact of the characteristics of an
opinion leader and their messages on the effectiveness of influence marketing represented by
consumer intentions and formed brand image through the process of transmitting a message to
influence consumer opinion. As a result, the features of the promotion of perfumery and cosmetic
products in the Chinese market were revealed. It was found that overestimating the attractiveness
of an opinion leader and underestimating their subjective perception by the consumer result
in a low effectiveness of influence marketing. The analysis of the message transmission process
showed that its moderators come to the fore, namely, consumer engagement and their valence to
advertising. Yet, the impact significantly depends on the category of an opinion leader (number
of subscribers, type, etc.). It was found that the direct influence of the opinion leader on the intentions
of consumers is ineffective. The study offers practical recommendations to improve the
procedure for selecting the most effective opinion leader in order to promote products taking
into account the identified features. The directions for further research are outlined.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 4

value: influencer marketing

value: opinion leaders

value: influencers

value: consumer engagement

value: brand image

value: perfumery and cosmetics retail

value: Chinese market


dc.contributor.author

value: Kropachev, Nikolay M.

value: Arkhipov, Vladislav V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kropachev, Nikolay M., Vladislav V. Arkhipov. 2023. “Values in the moral dimension of law: The dispute with A. V. Polyakov in the works of P. P. Serkov — view of the Petersburg school”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 854–871. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents a general characterization of three monographs by professor Peter Pavlovich
Serkov — “Legal relationship (Morality of modern legal regulation)”, “Legal relationship
(Theory and practice of modern legal policy). Part one: legal doctrine and measures of
legal policy” and “Legal relationship (Theory and practice of modern legal policy). Part Two:
Generalization of legal experiences of ascent to human, society and state” — and the analysis
of some key provisions of the first of these monographs is presented, taking into account
the polemics with the Petersburg school of philosophy of law, represented by A. V. Polyakov’s
communicative approach to law, which is expressed on the pages of these monographs.
The authors emphasize that the problem of the correlation between law and morality is a key
problem of both legal theory and legal practice. This issue is particularly relevant in light of
the goals and objectives defined by the Fundamentals of State Policy on Preservation and
Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values, approved by Presidential
Decree No. 809 of 09.11.2022. Moral and ethical values should be taken into account in the
processes of creating legal rules, applying legal rules, interpreting the law precisely because
the value aspect in the law, expressed in its moral dimension, is an integral part of the law
itself or a necessary condition for its existence and functioning — this idea unites the works of
both professor P. P. Serkov and professor A. V. Polyakov. And, moreover, despite the criticism
targeted at A. V. Polyakov as presented in the monograph of P. P. Serkov, in view of the authors
of this article, one can see more similarities between the positions of the authors than differences
— this applies to the general methodology and individual provisions, relating, first of
all, to the ideas about the importance of morality (morality) for the legal system, the subject of
law, the principle of mutual legal recognition.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 4

value: law

value: morality

value: ethics

value: values

value: theory of law

value: philosophy of law

value: communicative theory of law

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozova, Irina A.

value: Smetanina, Anastasia I.

value: Smetanin, Anton S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozova I. A., Smetanina A. I., Smetanin A. S. 2023. ESG quality management: Тhe role of digital business transformation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (4): 530–555. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the prospects for the most complete elucidation of the potential of Russian
business products for improving their quality through the ESG quality management in the context
of digital business transformation based on artificial intelligence and big data. Econometric
modeling of the dependence of the quality management effectiveness in business is carried out
by using the method of regression analysis. Two alternative models are constructed and compared.
The first model is compiled in isolation from the effectiveness of ESG management. The
second model is compiled together with the effectiveness of ESG management and the active use
of artificial intelligence and big data in business. The prospects for increasing the effectiveness of
quality management in Russian business along with maximizing the effectiveness of ESG management
are evaluated based on the best international experience and the obtained regression
models. Comparison of the results in the alternative models allowed the authors to justify the
advantages of ESG quality management based on artificial intelligence and big data. The results
include the development of a forward-thinking approach to ESG quality management in the context
of digital business transformation. This approach provides a number of advantages for ESG
quality management including firstly, broader opportunities for obtaining state (tax, subsidiary)
support for the introduction of artificial intelligence and big data the flexibility to raise funding
through a combination of sustainable investments in ESG and investments in artificial intelligence
and big data. Secondly, more stable consumer preferences, more sustainable competitive
advantages, and higher and more permanent loyalty. Thirdly, reliance on dynamically developing and increasingly accessible technologies for intellectual support in making managerial decisions
based on artificial intelligence and big data (technologies are being introduced into the activities
of the business itself).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: quality management

value: business management

value: ESG management

value: digital transformation

value: artificial intelligence

value: big data


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreeva, Elena M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreeva, Elena M. 2023. “Central bank digital currencies: From idea to implementation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1087–1104. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.416 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This publication is devoted to the study of a new financial and legal instrument central bank
digital currencies (CBDC) that is had distributed worldwide. Fiat digital currencies are being issued already in some countries, in others the issue of their introduction is under discussion
only. Based on the method of comparative law and other methods of scientific resurch, the
author opens out the common legal features of digital currencies of various countries and
their differences as well. The foreign experience made it possible for author to generate the
advantages and disadvantages of the digital currencies of central banks. Among the first, the
simplification of cashless payments, the reduction in the costs of making money transfers,
transparency for central banks and financial supervisory authorities of operations with digital
currency, an increase the level of security and safety of funds, etc. Disadvantages CBDC are
the distrust of citizens in digital currencies, the inability to solve the problem of weakness and
instability national currency with the help of a new digital tool, the enormous costs of the
Central Bank of the Russian Federation, credit institutions of creating this system, developing
special programs for clients integrated with the digital platform, the possibility of leakage of
personal information, as well as full openness of information about users. The Russian practice
of introducing the digital ruble has not been left without attention. The publication also
touches upon some legal problems of this subject and proposes their solutions. The author,
in addition to general scientific methods, primarily uses such special methods of scientific
knowledge as the formal legal method, the method of comparative law, empirical methods
such as collecting of the data on the distribution of digital currencies of the central banks of
the world, comparative analysis of legal documents, observation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: financial system

value: financial law

value: central bank digital currencies

value: fiat currency

value: monetary system

value: digital platform

value: digital ruble

value: digital wallet


dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belov, Sergei A. 2023. “Characteristic of legal communication: Addressers of legal acts”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 872–887. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author started description of parties to legal communication in a previous article, on
addressee of legal documents. In this item author focuses on the addressers of legal documents
— those, who formally issue these documents. Summarizing specifics of addressers in
different types of communication (norm-establishing and norm-realization) leads to the conclusion
that addresser, issuing power acts, remains to be depersonalized comparing to private
persons, acting on their own behalf. This could be explained by the legal principle that power
belongs to an authority or to an official, but not to a certain person. Depersonalizing reaches
maximum in the case of a statute. Abstract legislator being implied as an addresser of norm,
stays in shadow, and this entails a number of practical problems. Author also concludes that
Russian legal theory in fact does not recognize establishing legal norms as communication,
finding communicative interaction only in realization of norms. While the will of the addresser
(initiating legal consequences) is the content of a message in the legal communication,
they are performative utterances (in the terminology of the speech acts theory of J. Austin).
These acts do not transmit information, but form speech action. At the same time documents,
issuing on behalf of private persons (mostly individuals), are often base on strict templates.
Sometimes a person, who is formally the addresser of the document, does not take part in its
preparation and even is unable to understand it, therefore the document does not really reflect
her or his will, which it formally represents. “Legal personality” of addresser of legal acts could
not be a real object for analysis, because in many cases the addresser remains to be an abstract
person while the speech of legal documents are so standardized that a few space for individual
speech is left.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by state assignment of St. Petersburg State University for the project
“Legal-linguistic indefiniteness in texts of legal acts according with their communicative specificities and
legal functions” (the research is registered in the Center of information technologies and systems of organs
of executive power, no. АААА-А19-119100190156-0).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: legal communication

value: addresser of communication

value: theory of speech acts

value: performative utternace

value: lyrical subject

value: language personality

value: legislator

value: acts of power

value: language of legal documents

value: intelligibility of legal acts

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gadzhieva, Albina O.

value: Kostyrko, Artem A.

value: Koshel, Alexey S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gadzhieva, Albina O., Artem A. Kostyrko, Alexey S. Koshel. 2023. “Active voting rights in the digital age: Legal aspect”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 888–904. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers an analysis of the digital transformation of the electoral process in Russia.
This became possible with the introduction of a new method of voting in Russia — remote
electronic voting (REV). The article examines legal and technological transformation
of mechanisms that allow voters to express their will in elections regardless of their location.
The experience of legislative innovations in Moscow in terms of integrating the paper and
electronic voter list (EVL) in the context of the introduction of the REV, new mechanisms for
electronic voting in the form of electronic voting terminals (EVT) in the elections in Moscow
in September 2023. The authors analyze the legislative regulation of the REV in the context of
the implementation of active suffrage on an extraterritorial basis, the discussion about which
has repeatedly arisen at the level of the CEC of Russia and the Constitutional Court of Russia,
but before the introduction of the REV, EVT and EVL did not fully fail to free and mobile
extraterritorial voting (according to the location). The hypothesis of the authors is that the
introduction of digital services in the form of EVTs integrated into the electronic voting system,
the use of EVL, will expand the rights of voters, which in general will lead to an increase
in voter turnout, and, as a result, a higher legitimization of elected authorities. In the event of
successful experience in the application of EVT and the demand for such method of voting
among voters, especially taking into account the mobility of the voter’s choice of the place of
voting, a new principle of suffrage can be enshrined in law — a free choice of method of voting
(traditional, with using a paper ballot, remotely using a REV or a EVT).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: guarantees of electoral rights

value: automation of the electoral process

value: digitalization of the electoral process

value: electronic voting

value: remote electronic voting

value: electronic voter list

value: electronic voting terminal


dc.contributor.author

value: Diveeva, Nelli I.

value: Shchepelkov, Vladislav F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Diveeva, Nelli I., Vladislav F. Shchepelkov. 2023. “Labor and legal aspects of preventive medicine: The ratio of private and public interest”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1122–1132. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.418 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of legal norms, both directly and indirectly protecting the
work capacity of employed citizens through ensuring the safety of their work. The labor legislation
calls the principles of such provision the warning and prevention of hazards; minimization
of damage to the health of workers. In this regard, labor law, not being an independent
tool that ensures the prevention of diseases of citizens, acts as an element of the general legal
mechanism of preventive medicine. The employer is obliged to implement such a mechanism
through various control measures, including medical examinations of employees. At
the same time, the authors emphasize that the goals of carrying out any preventive medicine
measures lie in the private-public sphere, which makes it possible to maintain both the health
of a particular citizen (individual health) and to identify patterns of development of public
health, ways to maintain, protect and improve it. The analysis of labor-legal aspects of the
correlation of private and public interests in the field of preventive medicine gives the authors
the opportunity to identify two big issues. The first problem is related to the definition of the
boundaries of responsibility of employers and the state (society) on issues of health protection
of employees who are members of society as a whole. The second problem lies in the plane of
the correlation of labor rights and obligations of employees in the field of preventive medicine
with their personal rights. It is concluded that for an employer in the field of labor protection,
the risk factors for the health/ill health of an employee are not general, but professional. Accordingly,
the list of medical interventions (studies) carried out at the expense of the employer
within the framework of mandatory medical examinations should correlate with such risks.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-011-
00193/20.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: preventive medicine

value: mandatory medical examination

value: employee health

value: employee as a patient

value: public health

value: medical interventions

value: occupational hazards


dc.contributor.author

value: Linskaya, Yulia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Linskaya, Yulia V. 2023. “The concept of educational services in Russian legislation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 844–853. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the concept of “educational service” in the context of the public discussion
that has arisen about the possibility of its use in relation to education and educational relations.
The current situation with the gradual abandonment of the term in the current educational
legislation is considered, which corresponds to the provisions of the new version of the
Constitution of the Russian Federation and the policy in the field of traditional spiritual and
moral values, but is not an effective enough measure to solve all emerging problems in the segment
of legal regulation of higher education. The analysis of the existing educational relations was carried out, as a result of which it was concluded that education and educational services
are not identical, the first is one of the most significant human rights and one of the largest
public institutions, the second is rather a technical tool for describing financial and civil law
relations related to the realization of everyone’s right to education. The author examines the
problems with the use of the term “educational service” in the current legislation, as well as the
difficulties arising in this regard in the course of law enforcement. The author pays special attention
to the further improvement of the legal regulation of educational relations in this part.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 4

value: education

value: Law on Education

value: service

value: state regulation of education

value: students

value: educational activities

value: public functions of the state

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zholobov, Yaroslav B.

value: Kornev, Viktor N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zholobov, Yaroslav B., Viktor N. Kornev. 2023. “Challenges of holding the presidents of general jurisdiction courts liable to disciplinary measures and termination of their powers in the Russian Federation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 905–921. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.405

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the challenges of holding the presidents of general jurisdiction courts liable
to disciplinary measures and issues of terminating their powers. It is shown that the legal
status of the presidents of general jurisdiction courts encompasses various elements, such as
the procedure for terminating their powers, their liability, the procedure for replacing their
post, their competence, and guarantees of independence. Five cases of termination of the powers
of the president of a general jurisdiction court were considered: automatic suspension
in the event of termination or suspension of powers as a judge, which may be directly tied
to disciplinary proceedings, limitation of an office term, voluntary rejection of the position
while retaining the powers of a judge, early termination of the court president’s powers while
maintaining his/her position as judge for failure to fulfill or inadequately fulfill his/her official
duties, commission of an act defaming the honor and dignity of a judge, as well as in any other
circumstances specified under federal constitutional law indicating the inability of a judge to
perform his/her duties. Significant gaps in matters of early termination of the court presidents’
powers are evident in Russian judicial practice, as demonstrated by numerous examples. The
matters concerning the disciplinary liability of the presidents of general jurisdiction courts are
analyzed with respect to the procedures, grounds and peculiarities for holding both judges
and court presidents liable. A practical view of the modern interpretation of the concept “disciplinary
offense of a judge” is shown. Recommendations have been made to improve the Russian
legislation that deals with the issues of disciplinary liability of the presidents of general
jurisdiction courts and termination of their powers, with a focus on the Law of the Russian
Federation on the Status of Judges in the Russian Federation of 1992.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: general jurisdiction courts

value: court president

value: elements of legal status

value: termination of powers

value: early termination of powers

value: voluntary rejection of a position

value: disciplinary offense of a judge

value: disciplinary liability


dc.contributor.author

value: Sharko, Elena R.

value: Rebiazina, Vera A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sharko E. R., Rebiazina V. A. 2023. Servitization in the digital age: A systematic review. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (4): 476–493. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.402

dc.description.abstract

value:
With the growth of digitalisation, more forms of innovative activity of companies emerge; it
increases the interest of researchers to the relevance of introducing the concept of servitization
in business functioning in an online environment. The problem is in a fragmentary nature of the
existing studies since no general definition of the phenomenon of “servitization” has been formed
yet. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review of articles from various databases,
to overview the existing approaches to determining the role of servitization in the PSS model
and to formulate the authors’ definition of this concept. In this study, we identified a common
array of existing articles on servitization (1 659 conceptual, meta-analytical and empirical) from
the databases of Scopus, Web of Science and Emerald Insight, which were analysed according
to different criteria for inclusion or exclusion from the final pool of articles resulting in
24 papers selected for the detailed analysis. The results include the developed own definition of
servitization, as well as the identification of four basic approaches to this concept. The author’s’
contribution to the development of the theory of servitization is strengthening of the focus on
the role of servitization in the Production — Service — Solution model. The introduction of the
concept of servitization improves the innovative activity of companies presenting their product
in the digital environment. Thus, based on further studies of the properties and characteristics
of servitization, effective decision-making models for doing business in the digital economy can
be formed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been conducted within the fundamental research project 2022.002R Rebiazina V. A.
“Consumer trust as an institutional factor of the Russian digital economy development” as a part of the HSE
Graduate School of Business Research Program in 2022–2024.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: servitization

value: digital economy

value: innovation

value: PSS-model

value: market orientation

value: product

value: service

value: solution


dc.contributor.author

value: Bimbinov, Arseniy A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bimbinov, Arseniy A. 2023. “HIV infection: Criminal medical research”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 951–968. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.408 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the criminal-legal characteristics of the crime provided for by Art.
122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, identifies the most typical problems of
applying this rule of law, as well as proposed solutions. The main part of the work is devoted
to the analysis of the content of the signs of the compounds provided for by various parts of
Art. 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. A direct object of encroachment
has been identified, as which it is necessary to understand the public relations that determine
the inadmissibility of the spread of HIV infection as an integral part of ensuring the
inviolability of human life and health. The main conclusions made in the course of the study
are as follows. The criminal liability of an HIV-infected person with an undetectable viral load under part 1 of Art. 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is impossible,
since such a person is not able to transmit the disease to another person. According to this
norm, criminal liability of a person who has correctly used proven means of preventing
HIV infection (condoms, pre-contact prophylaxis) is also excluded. The act provided for in
part 1 of Art. 122 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation consists in committing
actions that create a real and immediate threat of HIV infection of another person, if the
disease does not occur due to circumstances beyond the control of the culprit. Phylogenetic
analysis can be used to prove the innocence of a person in infecting another person with
HIV infection.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out within the framework of the grant of the President of the Russian
Federation for state support of young Russian scientists no. MK-4898.2021.2.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: sexual contact

value: sexual transmission

value: infectious diseases

value: phylogenetic analysis

value: epidemiological investigation

value: qualification of crimes

value: criminal legal characteristics

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Volchetskaya, Tatyana S.

value: Matkova, Natalya V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volchetskaya, Tatyana S., Natalya V. Matkova. 2023. “Problems of prosecutorial strategy in jury trials: A situational approach”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1004–1022. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.411 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reveals the problems of enhancement of efficiency of prosecutor’s activity during
court with participation of jurors and offers the ways of their solution on the basis of development
of the strategy of state charge maintenance. The notion of strategy of maintaining
state charge in a jury trial has been developed and the essence of its applied meaning
has been revealed. The structure of strategy has been determined and the contents of its
elements depending on the emerging judicial situations. Familiarization with the pre-trial
investigation materials by prosecutor as a basis for building the strategy of state charge
maintenance has been proposed to divide into two stages: initial information review and
building the evidentiary basis. Judicial situations depending on the existing informational
and psychological context of court proceedings with the participation of jurors were singled
out and characterized as well as the ways of their solution were worked out. The most effective
procedure of evidence presentation during the jury trial according to the chronology of
crime development has been determined on the basis of modeling; the problem of surprise
factor has been considered and the ways of its solution from the situational approach have
been suggested; a number of tactical and psychological techniques of presenting indirect
or contradictory evidence during the jury trial have been suggested. The typical models of
behavior of the defense during the jury trial, illegal and acceptable ways of psychological
influence of the defense have been identified. The analysis of defense lawyer’s activity aimed
at “scandalization of justice” has been performed on the basis of the judicial practice study.
On the example of typical situations arising during the formation of the jury panel the role of realization of the state prosecutor’s strategy in the situational model of court proceedings
with the participation of jurors is shown.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, project
no. 174-Л-21 (2021).

dc.subject

value: public prosecution

value: prosecutor

value: jury trial

value: strategy

value: court situations

value: situational approach

value: forensic science


dc.contributor.author

value: Mikhailova, Ekaterina V.

value: Novikov, Nikolay A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mikhailova, Ekaterina V., Nikolay A. Novikov. 2023. “The procedural form of judicial conciliation procedure: Concept, legal nature, principles”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 969–986. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.409 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of judicial conciliation procedures in
the civil process. On the basis of a theoretical analysis of the approaches to the concept of
“procedural form of protection” existing in the procedural doctrine, the essence of judicial
conciliation procedure as a part of civil and arbitration proceedings is revealed. The difference
between judicial conciliation and extrajudicial conciliation procedures is shown. The ontological
connection of the fundamental principles of civil procedural form and judicial conciliation
procedures is proved. Guided by the achievements of the science of civil and arbitration
procedural law and the materials of the practice of arbitration courts, the authors establish the
degree and limits of the impact of the imperative and dispositive principles of state proceedings
on the order of organization, conduct and results of judicial conciliation procedures. It is
concluded that the excessive penetration of freedom into the sphere of judicial reconciliation
contradicts the essence of the civil process as a form of administration of justice and can lead
to abuse both by the participants in the trial and by the court. It is proposed to consolidate at
the legislative level the imperative procedure for organizing and conducting judicial conciliation,
its stages and stages, requirements for the candidacy of a judge-conciliator, his rights
and obligations, as well as responsibility for the results of judicial reconciliation. The results
of judicial reconciliation, their legal consequences are analyzed. The features of judicial conciliation
in proceedings on cases arising from administrative and other public legal relations,
which are also proposed to be regulated, are revealed. It is proposed to comprehensively fix the
grounds, conditions and legal consequences of the judicial conciliation procedure in the field
of resolving public legal conflicts.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 4

value: justice

value: arbitration court

value: civil procedural form

value: judicial conciliation

value: judicial conciliation procedure

value: amicable agreement

value: agreement on conciliation

value: judge conciliator

value: extrajudicial conciliation