dc.contributor.author

value: Shleyuk, Svetlana G.

value: Chepurova, Olga B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shleyuk, Svetlana, and Olga Chepurova. “Decorative Elements in the Composition of Facades of Wooden Art Nouveau Buzuluk 19th–20th Centuries”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 4 (2023): 740–759. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.408 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Buzuluk is a small town, part of the Orenburg region, located on the border of the Samara and
Orenburg regions, next to the unique forest area of the Buzuluksky Bor National Park. Traditionally,
the main building material in these places was pine wood — a relatively light and
affordable material in processing technology. The development of scientific and technological
progress, the formation of industry and economy, capital accumulation of the late 19th — early
20th centuries. during this period, it contributed to the active construction of cities and, as a
result, the population growth in them. The new Art Nouveau style, developing during this
period in large cities, spread to the outskirts of the Russian Empire, but in a modified, adapted
form. So, Buzuluk today is almost the only city in Russia that demonstrates an example
of mass wooden buildings in the Art Nouveau style of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries.
A number of scientists were engaged in the study of wooden structures of the regional center
of Buzuluk and the cities of the Southern Urals, but none of them considered specific decorative
elements that became the basis for the formation of variable ornamental compositions of
wooden modern facades of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, which confirms the relevance
of this study. The result of the study is also a description of the artistic, compositional, stylistic
and semantic features of the ornamental decor of the Art Nouveau style of the city of Buzuluk.
The stylistics of the ornamental compositions of the facades of the wooden architecture of
Buzuluk shows the phenomenon of contradiction characteristic of the symbolistic trend of
modernity, combining the synthesis of symmetry and asymmetry in the organization of the
composition of facades and ornamental motifs, mixing the symbolism of modernity with folk
traditional elements. The material is supplemented with graphic reconstructions of residential
buildings, which make it possible to determine the principles of compositional construction
of ornamental decor.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out within the framework of the 2014 grant of the regional competition of
the Government of the Orenburg region “Ural: history, economy, culture” on the topic “Research of unique
architectural wooden structures of the Orenburg region of the 19th century, made in the Art Nouveau style”.

dc.subject

value: wooden of Art Nouveau

value: provincial architecture

value: facade

value: decor

value: ornament

value: composition

value: symbolism

value: 19th–20th centuries


dc.contributor.author

value: Salimov, Alexey M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Salimov, Alexey. “The ‘Borderline’ Monasteries of Tver and Their Role in Forming the Architectural Appearance of the City”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 4 (2023): 720–739. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Dating back to the deep Middle Ages, Tver, even at an early stage of its existence, included
monasteries in the city structure. With a few exceptions, they usually appeared in the peripheral
city zones. And still, thanks to the active development, these monasteries didn’t only
quickly become important city-forming accents, but also contributed to the growth of the
surrounding development. This stimulated an increase in the city area and inevitably deprived
this monastery of a “borderline” status. However, new monastery ensembles appeared on the
outskirts, and suburban ones, having been founded long before, got impulse for development.
As a result, these “borderline” monasteries again became city-forming factors and contributed
to the more intensive development of the part of the city they were connected with. The time
of troubles at the beginning of the 17th century resulted in the loss of a number of monasteries.
Their disappearance continued in the time of Peter the Great and in the following decades,
when there was a strengthening of the secular principle in the life of the country. At the same
time, there increased attention to the remaining monasteries, the vast majority of which can
be attributed to the “borderline” ones, which stimulated the creation of large-scale architectural
ensembles. In this respect, the “borderline” monasteries were a more significant factor in
forming the surrounding development. And shortly before the revolutionary events, a similar
trend was observed in the suburban monasteries closest to Tver. The active growth of residential
development in close vicinity of these monasteries marked the “borderline” potential of
the ones being suburban not so long before. However, this process was interrupted at the end
of the 1910s, and only at the end of the 20th century one of the main functions of the monastery
ensemble was restored.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
*The article was written within the framework of project no. 23 “City boundaries in a variety of
typologies, architectural images and ideas. Historical transformations and new proposals” within the
framework of fundamental and applied scientific research by research teams of Research Institute of the
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (Order no. 258/130 from 23.03.2023).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Tver

value: kremlin

value: urban settlements

value: in-city

value: “borderline” and suburban monasteries

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Kamnev, Vladimir M.

value: Pirogov, Aleksei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kamnev V. M., Pirogov A. A. Russian Worldview: The Historiosophical Aspect. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 620–631. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the basic concepts of the Russian worldview in the historiosophical context
and the comparison of this phenomenon with other national types of thinking. The reasons
for the crisis fall of European civilization are described. It is noted that one of the main
reasons for that tragic phenomenon was the fact that Europe has completely abandoned its
Christian roots. The authors insist that historically there was a formation of the personality of
a new European, which came because of the destruction of the former heroic type. The article
also describes in detail the Russian worldview, its patriotic, collective, irrational and religious
nature. It is noted that the Russian is characterized by a metaphysical movement of the spirit,
which is especially fully revealed in tragic periods of national history. The authors believe that
for the Russian type of worldview is important the process of correlation with metaphysical
truth. The authors emphasize that for a modern European, the Russian worldview is mysterious
and dangerous, because it correlates with the forgotten Christian truths. In conclusion, the
authors suggested that Russia asks Europe existential questions: about the personalization of
truth in history, about peace and war, and carries its own unique worldview, which is intuitive,
deeply religious and hierarchical.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: worldview

value: history

value: freedom

value: political religion

value: democracy

value: truth

value: civilization

value: epoch

value: progress


dc.contributor.author

value: Kovalenko, Elena Iu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kovalenko, Elena. “The Beginnings of 1980s Soviet ‘Paper Architecture’ and the Circumstances of its Existence”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 4 (2023): 709–719. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
History of Soviet ‘Paper Architeture’ of 1980s is mostly oral: its fragments are scattered in
architecture magazines, critical articles and interviews. It seems that it has come from nowhere
— this phenomenon has a very weak connection with what was going on in ‘built’ architecture.
Nevertheless, Paper Architecture is a prominent part of Soviet culture of 1980s that
is impossible to neglect. Conceptual architecture in the 20th century has certain regularity: it has been getting spotlight roughly once every 20 years; from avant-garde utopias of 1920s
to totalitarian myths of 1940s and once again as the part of the ‘Space Age’ aesthetics of 1960s.
Paper Architecture wasn’t supported by ‘real’ architecture except from a very small number
of projects; nevertheless it has answered the postmodernist challenge — to make architecture
talk. Restoration of events chronicle may be the key to understanding the development of Paper
Architecture: its duality between art and architecture, weak interest of its authors in ‘real’
building and disbanded nature of working groups can be explained by outer circumstances,
not some program of the group. This article tries to connect this puzzle from recollections and
events to describe the beginnings of this phenomenon.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: paper architecture

value: Soviet architecture of 1980s

value: concept architecture

value: postmodernism

value: postmodernist architecture


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Nikita V.

value: Osipov, Igor D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuznetsov N. V., Osipov I. D. S. I. Dudnik as a Historian of Political Thought. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 610–619. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the work of the famous scholar, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor
S. I. Dudnik, Head of the Department of the History of Philosophy and Director of the Institute
of Philosophy of St. Petersburg State University. The most important provisions of his
concept of the history of political thought, the formation of Russian statehood, the principles
of constitutionalism and the rule of law are considered. In his works, he focused on the need
for a synthesis of historical-philosophical, socio-cultural and axiological studies. The views of
S. I. Dudnik on the theoretical foundations and humanistic aspects of the political philosophy
of classical and Soviet Marxism, the features of the ideology of socialism and conservatism,
the prerequisites for the “totalitarian mutation” of the Soviet society. The article also examines
the works by S. I. Dudnik devoted to the traditions of philosophical education at St. Petersburg
University. These include receptivity to everything relevant and progressive in world philosophy,
a close connection with classical domestic and world philosophy, the development of
a methodology for politics and political culture. It is shown that the scholar analyzed the
St. Petersburg experience of the modernization process through the development of scientific
knowledge in Russia during the eighteenth — twentieth centuries and the formation of science
as a social institution in the life of Russian society. A special place in Russian science is
occupied with the research by S. I. Dudnik of the transformation of education in the digital
age, the modern Russian education system. The article emphasizes that Professor S. I. Dudnik
is a worthy representative of the St. Petersburg philosophical school, a successor to its best
traditions; under his leadership, the Institute of Philosophy of St. Petersburg University has
consolidated its position as the flagship of domestic philosophical research, one of the centers
of world philosophy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was written with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 23-28-
00880 dated January 25, 2023 “Natural-historical axiomatics of the cosmological imperative in the national
self-consciousness of Russia (based on Russian literature of the 19th–20th centuries)”. Grant ID 102801609.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: philosophy

value: culture

value: personality

value: education

value: history

value: Marxism

value: policy

value: state

value: right

dc.title

value: Article


title: Gender Settings in City Design

dc.contributor.author

value: Mikhailov, Sergey M.

value: Mikhailova, Aleksandrina S.

value: Khafizov, Rafik R.

value: Nadyrshine, Nail M.

value: Nadyrshine, Liliya I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mikhailov, Sergei, Aleksandrina Mikhailova, Rafik Khafizov, Neil Nadyrshine, and Lilia Nadyrshine. “Gender Settings in City Design”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 4 (2023): 760–775. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.409

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the issue of gender principle in city design, which is presented to designers
as the basic approach to the modern design theory. It’s manifestation in architecture
and design can be considered in various aspects, related to composition in creating the architectural
form: shape, color, texture, material. In addition to material components, gender in
architecture and design is manifested in a special zoning of space and sound environment.
The article also reveals the content of the categories of “feminine” and “masculine” in terms
of the construction of gender metaphors: plastic contrasts, semantic contrasts, spheres of association.
The issue of conscious consideration of gender factor in the design process raises
the problem of understanding the general regularities of its development in the design of the
city, the relationship with the socio-cultural processes and historical conditions. The authors
consider the manifestation of gender factor at various levels of city design: formation of the
image and branding of the city, the urban plan and urban structure, the urban ensemble and
the architectural object, the design content of the urban environment, visual communications
and dynamic forms. Each of the levels has a certain independence and its own forms of interaction
with other types of design and artistic activity. Therefore, the manifestation of “gender”
in urban design should be considered at similar hierarchical levels. As the study has shown, in
architecture and art there is an increase in the diversity of gender manifestations, expanding
the range of gender roles, increasing the contrast between feminine and masculine, gender
metaphors act as a form of individualization and enhancement of expressiveness of the image.
Metaphorical comprehension of the design situation in terms of feminine and masculine allows
to reveal additional contrasts and enhance the expressiveness of the artistic image.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Isuue 4

dc.subject

value: gender

value: gender mainstreaming

value: gender attitudes

value: urban design

value: urban branding

value: urban ensemble

value: urban environmental design

value: artistic expression of objects

value: Gender Settings in City Design


dc.contributor.author

value: Usachev, Alexandr V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Usachev A. V. The Peculiarity of N. A. Berdyaev’s Philosophical Discourse. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 682–695. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
To refute the opinion about the chaotic presentation of problems in Berdyaev’s texts, the dominant
of the unconscious, means to fall into ontological dependence on them. In the literal
sense, these are not conclusions drawn on the basis of an analysis of N. A. Berdyaev’s work,
but quoting the philosopher’s self-assessment, to which he resorted more than once. They have
no analytical and heuristic value. N. A. Berdyaev’s way of thinking simultaneously contains
Christian intuitions and an oppositional structure characteristic of philosophical creativity in
general. The peculiarities of the Russian philosopher’s thinking are reflected in the fact that
such types of philosophical creativity as personalism, existentialism, as well as intuitive components
of the Eastern Christian worldview are organically combined. In the philosophy of
N. A. Berdyaev there are also cosmological components, which contain the statement that the
world is entering the era of the third period, which is expressed in its structure contains the statement that the time for freedom and creativity is coming. The peculiarities of N. A. Berdyaev’s
thinking can be evaluated from the point of view of aesthetics and uniqueness, which
significantly distinguish his way of thinking from the typical development of philosophical
thinking of Modern times. According to the Russian philosopher, analysis and splitting cannot
serve as a starting point for the thought process. Without creativity and freedom, the
philosophy of the non-classical period has no significance and significance, because the potential
of formal and dialectical logic has already clearly and fundamentally affected the best
examples of classical philosophy. The third level is binarism, which formally has generic signs
of the organization of problematic thinking of logocentric sciences, but the specific differences
are too striking to pass by them without specifying anything.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

value: religious philosophy

value: existentialism

value: personalism

value: logocentrism

value: dichotomy

value: binary opposition

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nezník, Peter

value: Artamoshkina, Ludmila

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nezník P., Artamoshkina L. F. M. Dostoevsky and T. G. Masaryk. Tragic Humanism and the Philosophy of Crisis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 632–644. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents a comparative analysis of the views by Dostoevsky and Masaryk on the
nature of humanism in times of crisis. The focus of the author‘s attention is aimed, firstly, at
the attitude of both thinkers to the “last” questions of human life, which for the Russian writer
and for the Czech philosopher were directly related to the problem of suicide. Dostoevsky,
whose novels contain a whole gallery of the types of suicides, considers that social disease
in the context of atheistic logic that gave rise to the “nihilistic demonism”. Masaryk removed
the problem of suicide from the field of psychopathology, analyzing its philosophical and historical
meaning and social consequences. The triumph of atheism and nihilism appears to
both thinkers as a harbinger of the coming revolutionary upheavals, a pagan uprising of the
masses. Secondly, the article demonstrates how, in the situation of the crisis of Christianity,
which became the painful axis of the entire European civilization, the content of humanism
is updated in accordance with the challenges of the time. Anticipating the emergence of a
“new element” in the world history, Dostoevsky outlined the contours of the solution of the
“Russian” and “Slavic” issues. He remained a supporter of the mystical unity of the national
principle and religiosity and affirmed the redemptive power of Christian humanism. Masaryk
consistently criticized the relics of mythological consciousness from the standpoint of the
classical principle of rationality and humanism, which he understood as a supranational phenomenon
— a non-violent form of life, achieved not extensively, but intensively through the
active humanization of oneself. In a dialogue with Dostoevsky, the Czech thinker overcame
the tragic experience of the philosophical and historical crisis, offering a position of “concreticism
and pluralism”, which allows one to perceive reality in its entirety and cultivate love for
an individual person.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out within the framework of the VEGA project no. 1/0257/20 “The concept
of female character in the medieval exegetic literature” / “Koncept ženy hrdinky v stredovekej exegetickej
literatúre” supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and
Sports of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences.
The research was carried out at the expense of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation no. 22-18-
00214 at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00214/.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Dostoevsky

value: Masaryk

value: philosophy of crisis

value: tragic humanism

value: suicide

value: uprising of the masses

value: Slavic question


dc.contributor.author

value: Patkul, Andrei B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Patkul A. B. Intersubjectivity in the Context of Digital Reality: Phenomenological Approach. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 645–657. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The main goal of the article is to find out how traditional phenomenological solutions to
the problem of intersubjectivity should be transformed in connection with the formation of
digital reality. In order to expose this issue, the author undertakes a reconstruction of the basic
ontological properties of digital objects, as well as an analysis of the main phenomenological
approaches to the problem of intersubjectivity (basing on the material of the theories of the
Other in Husserl and Heidegger). In the course of the study, the author found that, on the
one hand, some contemporary phenomenological authors consider the ability to combine
the constitutive properties of thing and non-thing as one of the basic features of the digital
objects. On the other hand, they believe that the relations are also of very significance for
the proper being of digital objects. As a result of the analysis of the theories of the Other in
Husserl and Heidegger, the author highlights that Husserl understands the constitution of
the Other in the framework of so-called appresentative model. On the contrary, Heidegger
believes that the Other is always primarily given from the common-shared world. Finally,
the author shows that both considered classical phenomenological models of the constitution
of intersubjectivity cannot be fully applicable for investigation of intersubjectivity after the
formation of digital reality as a special ontological region. The appresentative model turns out
to be unsuitable, since in the digital age the givenness of the body of the Other can become
completely mediated by digital representations of this body. The Heideggerian model, which
interprets the givenness of the Other from the common-use of available ready-to-hand entities
with him, may also not give the desired result, since the secondary ready-to-handiness of
digital tools turns out to be capable of interrupting the interconnections of the of the primary
ready-to-handiness.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with a financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education
of the Russian Federation (project “New tendencies of the humanities and social sciences development in
the context of digitalization and new social problems and threats: interdisciplinary approach”, Agreement
no. 075-15-2020-798).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: digital reality

value: res digitalis

value: interssubjectivity

value: phenomenology

value: ready-to-handiness


dc.contributor.author

value: Pigalev, Alexander I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pigalev A. I. Being as Event and the Essence of Poetry in Later Heidegger’s Philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 658– 670. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the concept of Being in later Heidegger’s philosophy
with regard to its contexts in the study of poetry. The scrutiny, being guided by the recent interpretations,
focuses on Heidegger’s turnabout that resulted in the renunciation of the metaphysical
intuition of Being as some infinitely continuing state. The later Heidegger shifted
from the task of understanding Being to considering it only as happening. The Being was
since then construed as the emergent appropriating event (Ereignis), i. e., a break in familiarity
with beings as a whole and at the same time the condition of the inception of a new familiarity
or everydayness. According to Heidegger, this catastrophic and at the same time favorable,
inceptive event does not exist permanently, but only unpredictably occurs sometimes. That
is why the construal of Being as event implies in the first place the breakup of the shared
senses of everydayness. However, Being gives us beings as a whole by appropriating sense
to them and turning them into the familiar and accessible environment which is suitable for
untroubled dwelling. The givenness of beings as a whole makes them “our own” and thereby
ensures our identity and distinguishes us from the Other. Thus, Being as event, bringing the
once-established identity into question, every time raise anew the problem of the Other. Accordingly, the essence of poetry that is for Heidegger mainly exemplified by F. Hölderlin’s poems
is considered to be the ability to reveal Being in exactly the same way as it is inherent in
the appropriating event. Heidegger therefore argues that poetry is essential for the formation
of the national identity and the notion of the Other.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Martin Heidegger

value: being

value: world

value: appropriating event

value: everydayness

value: poetry

value: identity

value: the Other

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pruzhinin, Boris I.

value: Vetrov, Vladimir A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pruzhinin B. I., Vetrov V. A. Thought Experiment as an Epistemological Tool for Bioethical Expertise. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 671–681. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The focus of the article is epistemological problems arising in the field of ethical regulation of
biomedical researches and technologies. The bioethical expertise seeks to limit or to prohibit
certain directions of research into biomedical reality, assessing the possible negative consequences
of their application in human society. However, in this case, subject to expert evaluation
is not biomedical research or technology itself, but rather the moral potential of individual
actors of scientific production and society in general, i. e. bioethics (we note, not without
reason) does not trust man and society, and therefore declares the extreme importance of
ethical regulation in this and adjacent areas. At the same time, the actual cognitive component
of such a research remains outside of expertise, blocked by bioethics itself, which leads to an
increasing value of socio-cultural (regional and pragmatic) relativity of ethical assessments of
the admissibility of biomedical developments. We believe that the epistemological potential
of the thought experiment, which allows us to build a model for the realization of the real
impracticable (and specifically in bioethics, the morally uncertain), allows us to expand the
cognitive component of expert evaluations. Thus, the thought experiment opens an additional
opportunity to clarify (concretize) the real sphere of applicability of the principles and norms
of bioethics through the interaction of social, humanitarian and natural sciences in expert
assessments.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the project supported by the Russian Science Foundation
no. 22-28-01632 “Expert examination as an epistemological phenomenon in the context of distinction
between fundamental and applied guidelines in science”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: bioethics

value: biomedicine

value: expertise

value: thought experiment

value: epistemology


title: AI and the Metaphor of the Divine

dc.contributor.author

value: Bylieva, Daria S.

value: Nordmann, Alfred

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bylieva D. S., Nordmann A. AI and the Metaphor of the Divine. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 737–749. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.411

dc.description.abstract

value:
The idea of God is one of the most pervasive in human culture. It used to be considered
mostly in metaphysical and ethical discussions, it has become a part of the discourse in the
philosophy of technology. The metaphor of God is used by some authors to represent the role
of artificial intelligence in the modern world. This paper explores four aspects of the metaphor:
creation, omniscience, mystery, theodicy. The creative act shows the resemblance of humans
to God, also in the sense that technology created by humans can get out of the control of
the creator. The ability of AI to use data flows for analytics and prediction is considered as
“omniscience” which looks mysterious due to the inability of people to intellectually grasp the
work of AI. The discussion about building ethics into AI technology shows a desire to add one
more feature to “omniscient and omnipotent,” namely “benevolent.” The metaphor of God as
applied to AI reveals human fears and aspirations both in rational-pragmatic and symbolic
terms. The metaphor of God exposes notions of transcendence in modern perceptions of
technology. Also it continues the discussion about what should be the technological design
of AI. Whether as co-worker or as communicator it is already putting us on a path towards
thinking of a subject that is constituted in a superior way.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: AI

value: ethics

value: technology

value: metaphor

value: God

dc.title

value: AI and the Metaphor of the Divine


dc.contributor.author

value: Pichugina, Victoria K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pichugina V. K. Orestes and Electra’s Prayer Practices as Instructions to the City. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 762–775. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.413

dc.description.abstract

value:
The plot of Orestes and Electra, jointly implementing the revenge plan for the death of their
father Agamemnon, is taken as the basis of the tragedy Libation Bearers by Aeschylus and the
tragedies of the same name Electra by Euripides and Sophocles. А divine will and human desires
intertwine at the key points of each of these tragedies, where the protagonists demonstrate
different practices of the prayer as precepts to the city, which has to accept and justify the crime
they are plotting. Orestes and Electra’s prayer practices in Aeschylus, Euripides and Sophocles
will be analyzed according to the following questions: To whom do Orestes and Electra pray
and why? Have their prayers been heard? What events precede the prayers? In which spaces
of the city are the key prayers pronounced and what is the role of the chorus in it? What has
the city been instructed to do through these prayers? Both Orestes and Electra assert their
right to precept and seek support from the gods as the supreme preceptors in different spatial
coordinates of the city. Theу view the city not only as a space where prayers are pronounced,
but as another main character that can speak, for example, through the chorus lines or give
tacit instructions through allusions to the details which appear in urban space descriptions.
Not only does the city hear the prayers pronounced by the heroes, but it can give additional
power for their materialization. For the protagonists, the city is as an open/closed space of
crime and punishment, where they could and should claim new statuses of the ruler-mentors.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: prayer practices

value: city space

value: Orestes

value: Electra

value: ancient intellectual tradition

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shaposhnikov, Lev E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shaposhnikov L. E. Philosophical and Pedagogic Views of B. N. Chicherin. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 696–711. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.408 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper analyses B. N. Chicherin’s views on the individual, society, and their interaction.
The emphasis is made on two opposite social trends — aspiration towards solidarity and individualization.
Because of his liberal beliefs, the philosopher appears to favor the latter, prioritizing
individual freedom. It is worth noting that for B. Chicherin society is not something
single whole, existing beyond the person. A person’s behaviour and actions are a stimulus
for social development serving as a means to communicate the “world’s energy” and goals of
humanity. A very special historic role B. Chicherin attributes to the state, as it affects the “collective
will”, narodnost’, which is a basis for social development. Furthermore, the given paper
examines the relationship between narodnost’ and humanity — the latter is a guarantee of the
historical unity, meaning that nations are to internalize the products of the historical progress.
B. Chicherin arrives at the conclusion that Russia is unlikely to have a unique history of its
own, rather it needs to join the historical global developmental process (it is evident that the
scholar confronts the Slavophile doctrine). The paper highlights that B. Chicherin applies the
afore-mentioned principles to the conceptualization of the Russian history. He sees the absolute
autocracy as an obsolete regime that peacefully needs to give way to the constitutional
monarchy. When analyzing different forms of liberalism, the philosopher suggests that the
most effective one is “protective liberalism”, since it encompasses freedom, social order and
rule of law. Examining the system of education, the scholar calls for cautious and well thoughtover
reforms. He acknowledges a leading role of universities in social development, believing
in the importance of preserving their autonomy and increasing their academic status.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: development

value: reform

value: ideal

value: monarchy

value: liberalism

value: students

value: education

value: narodnost’

value: humanity


dc.contributor.author

value: Milentijevic, Lazar

dc.identifier.citation

value: Milentijevic L. Dialogue with Ancientry: V. Rozanov on the Ancient Egyptian Civilization. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 750–761. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.412 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, the author aims to analyze the cultural and historical view of religious,
philosophical, and mystical searches of Ancient Egyptian in the works by V. Rozanov. The
interest in the Egyptian civilization, as an important feature of the turn of the-century era,
shows V. Rozanov’s desire to carry out a dialogue with ancientry, from which all religious
and philosophical concepts originate. The purpose of the research is to represent the views of
V. Rozanov concerning the themes of immortality and deities in Ancient Egypt, the principles
of astrology and cosmogony in the culture of ancientry, as well as the relationship of the
Ancient Egyptian and Christian religions. According to V. Rozanov, Ancient Egypt was a
land, where the principle of silence hided life force and vitality, which has found expression
in the longevity of civilization. V. Rozanov focuses on the idea that the Ancient Egyptians
were the most religious people that presented the developed doctrine of immortality, which
became the fundamental thought of their religion. Rozanov shows the role of stellar astrology,
physical and natural phenomena, and also underlines varieties of the religious cult that existed
in Egypt, in which he highlights the images of Osiris and Isis. Rozanov particularly notes
that, despite the belief in spells and wizardry, the Ancient Egyptian overcame the fear of the mysterious and unknown at a certain stage of development, and then made efforts to build a
connection with It.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: V. Rozanov

value: Egypt

value: the East

value: astrology

value: cosmogony

value: civilization

value: myths


dc.contributor.author

value: Krotov, Artem A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krotov A. A. Philosophical Justification of Bonapartism by Napoleon III. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 712–724. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.409 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the leading social and philosophical ideas on which Louis Bonaparte, officially
called Napoleon III after the proclamation of the Second Empire in France, relied in his
political activity. Key concepts of Bonapartism are considered: stability, independence, equality,
unity of all classes in the empire, political leader as an exponent of the people’s will, savior
of the fatherland capable of establishing order in society. The article analyzes Napoleon III’s
ideas about progress and popular sovereignty. Long before occupying the highest state post, he
proposed to base the future constitution of the country on ”three authorities“: the people (to
elect the head of state, to authorize his acts), the legislative corps, and the emperor. In criticizing
Republican rule, he saw its flaw in defending undeserved privileges as seen throughout
history, in his view. He attributed Napoleon I the idea of creating European confederation of
free peoples, denying the widespread idea that the emperor sought to establish a worldwide
monarchy. Referring to the difference in the characters of peoples, mores, and climatic conditions
of different countries, he called for refusing to copy foreign institutions, English and
American ones. France, according to Napoleon III, has its own path in history; according to
his ideas, it should be at the head of the civilization movement. In an effort to chart this path,
he spoke of equality, property, and religion as crucial elements of social being. Progress, in
his opinion, requires a periodic revision of the legislation, therefore, the transformation of
the empire from authoritarian to liberal could be interpreted not as a forced measure, but as a
pre-planned political initiative.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Bonapartism

value: social philosophy

value: theory of popular sovereignty

value: forms of government

value: Napoleon III

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shchedrina, Irina O.

value: Zhuravel, Evgeny P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shchedrina I. O., Zhuravel E. P. Phenomenology of Urban Expert Practices (Regional Ontologies as the Basis of Human-sizedness). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 725–736. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.410 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Humanity today is undergoing serious changes affecting almost all spheres of life, the entire
environment of its habitat. In scientific and philosophical circles, this state is defined as an anthropological
crisis. One can argue about its depth and prospects, but in this article we want to
draw attention to the phenomenological tools that are being developed nowadays to counter
this crisis, to overcome its negative consequences. At the same time, the relevant issues will be
developed in the article based on the material of urban expert practices. The focus is on the
social and humanitarian potential and the effectiveness of expertise in the outlined anthropological
crisis. From the point of view of the author, the current disintegration of the perception
of the urban environment as a whole, its ontological regionalization is a kind of spiritual
ecological crisis, in overcoming which expertise can demonstrate its real effectiveness not as
an abstract reasoning, but concretely, in the organization of relevant intellectual practices. It is
this approach that allows us to bring to philosophical grounds the discussion of the prospects
for overcoming the anthropological crisis (or rather, the constructive role of expertise, synthesizing
the perception of “regional ontologies” as an integral intellectual habitat). Thus, the author
of the article, on the one hand, rely on ideas, on general grounds (primarily on those laid
down by phenomenology); and on the other hand, thanks to expertise as a subject of analysis,
he projects these ideas onto the real human environment (In this way fixing the prospects for
overcoming the anthropological crisis).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out within the Institute for Logic, Cognitive Science and Development of
Personality project supported by the Russian Science Foundation no. 22-28-01632 “Expert examination as
an epistemological phenomenon in the context of distinction between
fundamental and applied guidelines
in science”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: expertise

value: city

value: metropolis

value: expert practices

value: regional ontologies

value: human dimension

value: archive

value: museum

value: cultural and historical epistemology


dc.contributor.author

value: Afonasin, Eugene V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Afonasin E V. “The Egyptian Hermes”: Philosophical Mysticism and Revealed Knowledge. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 776–785. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.414 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The tendency to historicity is an important tendency in the modern history of philosophy.
Hence a question: to which extend the treatises of Hermetic corpus seem to us historical,
and properly connected with Egypt? Is it possible, taking into account the universal and
mystical character of these texts, nevertheless to identify in them some elements, which
would allow us to understand Hermeticism in the context of Hellenistic Egypt proper, and
not broadly defined Hellenism? Does the traditional division of Hermeticism into “high”
philosophical and “low” practical make sense in this context, or does this division represent
another prejudice, which is better abandoned for a better understanding of the phenomenon
under study? This article presents several positions on this subject matter developed over the
past century, and offers certain observations that we believe allow us to better understand
Hermeticism in the context of Alexandrian religious philosophy. For this purpose we examine
in detail the origins of the legend of Thoth, which in the Greek context goes back to Plato,
and then turn to an important hermetic text, the Definitions, which has survived only in its
medieval translation into Armenian, and only partially preserved in the Greek. Indeed, only
the aphoristic form of precepts allows the student to stop being distracted by the lectures of
his celestial preceptor and begin to reflect independently on the universal truths expressed
in the brief maxims. If this hypothesis is true, then the various Gnostic elements in hermetic
treatises, often inappropriate, will appear as later additions by commentators to texts already
in circulation in Hellenistic Egypt even before Gnosticism arose.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is funded by the Russian Scientific Foundation no. 22-18-00025, https://rscf.ru/
project/22-18-00025.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Hermes

value: Egypt

value: Hellenism

value: mysticism

value: revelation

value: Gnosis

value: Platonism


dc.contributor.author

value: Tumanian, Tigran G.

value: Pashkevich, Hanna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tumanian T. G., Pashkevich H. Indian Concept of Sound: The “Universal Myth” in India and the West. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 4, pp. 786–797. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.415

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Indian concept of sound became well-known in the West in the 1960s and was understood
in a particular way. While many issues may be discussed regarding the Western interpretation
of Indian sound, this study focuses on two specific elements: an assertion of the superiority
of sound to vision and excessive emphasis on the “non-linguistic” nature of sound in Indian
culture. In the West, emphasizing the aural dimension of Indian culture was linked with
the opposition of sound to vision and, in some form, to language in its communicative and
informative aspects. However, although sound is indeed an essential and exceptional part of
Indian culture, it is opposed neither to sight nor to language within it. The difference between
these two approaches led to the conclusion that the Western view of the Indian concept was a
misinterpretation of indigenous ideas. Within this position, it was understood as an imperfect
imitation of the original, with an unequivocally negative connotation. The authors attempt
to go beyond such critique, overcoming the tendency to contrast things rather than to see
their complicated interrelation. With this purpose, the question about the reasons for the
difference between the two approaches is raised. The Indian concept of sound and its Western
interpretation are treated as the two “universal myths,” each having a specific function in
the corresponding culture. It becomes obvious that, in the social and cultural context of the
counterculture era in the West, the Indian concept of sound was destined to fulfill the cultural
demands of a host culture.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 22-28-
00862 “The infosphere of theological schools of the Russian Empire in the 19th — early 20th century”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

value: Indian culture

value: Indian music

value: sound studies

value: aural culture

value: ocularcentrism

value: counterculture

value: sound and sight

value: music and language

value: Nāda-Brahman

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Konstantin, K. Khudoley

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khudoley K. K. The contemporary political elite of Central and South-Eastern European countries: Personalities and general trends (reflecting on a recent book). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, pp. 330–347. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the article is to study the state of the modern political elite in the countries of
Central and South-Eastern Europe, to identify the main trends in its development and the role
of personal factors based on the analysis carried out by the authors of the collective monograph
of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Generally, the transition
in Central European countries from socialism to capitalism successfully took place, and
the line of integration into the Western world prevailed. However, among the countries’ ruling
circles, there are both supporters of total acceptance of the rules established in Brussels
and those who seek to preserve greater independence for their countries within European and
Euro-Atlantic structures. These contradictions are serious but surmountable due to the already
established political institutions in these countries and some experience of political compromises.
In South-Eastern Europe, the transition to capitalism was more complex, accompanied
by acute national conflicts. It is currently complicated by a de facto suspension of these countries’
accession to the EU. The result is a more diverse composition of the elite in this region
compared to Central Europe — former communists, military men, and nationalists are significantly
more numerous here. The situation is aggravated by the weakness of political institutions
and the elites’ inability, and sometimes unwillingness, to seek solutions to problems through
compromises. Particularly noteworthy are the biographies of R. Erdogan and A. Tsipras, who
tried (the first successfully, the second not) to implement radical changes in the political life of
their countries. Politicians from all considered countries focusing on national characteristics
and traditional values generally have significant potential. It would be advisable for Russia to
analyze the successes and failures in relations with the Central and South-Eastern European
countries in recent decades and learn from this experience for future policy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: political elite

value: Central Europe

value: South-Eastern Europe

value: Russian foreign policy

value: European Union

value: NATO


dc.contributor.author

value: Mukhametov, Ruslan S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mukhametov R. S. International factors of democratization of Post-Soviet states: Using FSQCA. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, pp. 348– 366. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Why do some post-communist countries become democratic, while others do not? What
cross-border determinants are necessary for the establishment of a democratic regime in this
region? Most researchers believe that the establishment of democracy is due to socio-economic
factors, political culture, or political changes occur simply by chance. The article is devoted
to the study of the influence of international factors. The purpose of the article is to identify
the main international factors that contribute to the democratization and consolidation of
democracy in post-Soviet states. The author examines the influence of the theory of territorial
peace, the international democratic environment, membership in a regional democratic intergovernmental
organization, a regional autocratic power, as well as foreign economic activity.
To find the answer to the research question, this paper uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative
analysis (fsQCA). As a result of the conducted research, four conditions necessary for the establishment
and/or strengthening of democracy were identified. It is shown that the absence
of both a militarized interstate dispute and the state’s membership in Eurasian intergovernmental
organizations has a positive effect on the consolidation of the democratic regime. The
author argues that the presence in Western political and economic integration structures and
the predominance of the European direction in foreign trade are also important conditions.
The transition to democracy and its strengthening in post-communist countries is exogenously
conditioned, the regional and/or international context is important.

dc.subject

value: post-communist space

value: post-Soviet space

value: democracy

value: democratization

value: transitology

value: theory of territorial peace

value: international organization

value: qualitative comparative analysis


dc.contributor.author

value: Xu, Bo

value: Garmaeva, Svetlana E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Xu Bo, Garmaeva S. E. Evolution of international order in East Asia and its impact on Sino-Russian regional cooperation: An eclecticist analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, pp. 367–384. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The two great powers — China and Russia — are important actors in the modern international
system, and the foreign policies and bilateral cooperation of the two countries are key factors
influencing the development of the international system. In the meantime, the development of
bilateral relations is inevitably influenced by changes in the international order. Earlier studies
focused on the impact of Sino-Russian cooperation on the international system but ignored the
important role of the influence of the regional international order on cooperation between the
two powers. This article intends to examine the trends in the evolution of the international order
in East Asia in recent years and its role in the formation of Chinese-Russian regional cooperation.
It is important to note that the author defines the components of international order as the
hierarchy of power, the main ideology, and the institutional structure. In recent years, changes in
the hierarchy of power in the East Asian international order are reflected in the emergence of a
complex bipolarity between China and the United States. The evolution of the dominant ideology
is reflected in the emergence of norms of political and economic integration in areas of great
power competition and in the development of cooperation in the field of environmental policy
in areas of great power partnership. The transformation of institutional mechanisms is expressed
in the emergence of competitive institutions of multilateral cooperation. The evolution of these
elements of the East Asian international order has a key impact on Sino-Russian relations. Taking
into account the influence of these trends, the author sees the building of partnerships between
China and Russia in the areas of regional security, finance and high technology, ecology, as
well as interaction between the two countries through the creation of a multilateral cooperation
platform, which will increase the level of bilateral strategic partnership.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: international order

value: East Asia

value: Russia

value: China

value: foreign policy

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuzina, Oxana E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuzina O. E. Modern public diplomacy of Germany in the USA. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, pp. 385–401. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the context of globalization, not only traditional, but also new ways and methods are required
for the successful solution of foreign policy tasks. Modern Germany was no exception.
Deprived of the resources of hard power for historical reasons, the state was particularly interested
in introducing new tools for gaining influence in the international arena through public
diplomacy. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of German public diplomacy
and its capabilities in the implementation of foreign policy tasks in the United States. Firstly,
the features of the German approach to public diplomacy are indicated. It is noted that the
positive image of Germany is formed by the practical activities of a wide network of public
diplomacy organizations that take into account the general strategies of the competent federal
departments and, in particular, the German Federal Foreign Office. Secondly, the activities of
the institutions of public diplomacy of Germany in the United States are analyzed. The main
directions for bilateral cooperation are distinguished, namely culture, science and education, transatlantic values and economic cooperation. Thirdly, the question of their influence on the
formation of a positive perception of the American population is raised. Their competitive
advantages are provided by consistent, coordinated and open approaches. At the same time,
the development of digital diplomacy in Germany is reduced to the creation of a large number
of accounts for the representation of public diplomacy organizations in the United States without
the active engagement of the population. The author concludes that at the present stage,
the instruments of German public diplomacy in the United States are successful and have a
positive impact on the perception of the state among the American population. However, with
a radical change in the role of a junior partner in the international arena, the perception of
Germany among Americans may worsen.

dc.subject

value: public diplomacy

value: Germany

value: USA

value: dialogue of cultures

value: institutes of public diplomacy


dc.contributor.author

value: Smirnov, Vadim A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Smirnov V. A. Russia’s approach to the new Development Strategy of the EAEU until 2045. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, pp. 320–329. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The official position of Russia in relation to the development of a new Strategy for the development
of the Eurasian Economic Union until 2045 is analyzed. Coincidences and discrepancies in the approaches of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan are revealed, where the main goal of
Russia is to create a full-fledged macro-region capable of resource, infrastructure and technological
self-sufficiency. Five priorities of the Russian vision of integration within the EAEU
are substantiated: 1) food and energy security, provision of key resources necessary for the
development of human and industrial potential within the Union; 2) industrial cooperation
within the Union, which is aimed at creating “responsibility zones” taking into account the
already established industrial landscape to reduce internal competition in the EAEU and preventing
the creation of duplicate productions; 3) shifting the emphasis in the development of
transport and logistics infrastructure to the eastern and southern directions, which is dictated
by the reorientation of trade flows in the face of sanctions pressure on Russia and Belarus;
4) self-sufficient financial architecture to replace the previous system built on transactions in
dollars and euros, as well as Western financial technologies; 5) gradual transition in the EAEU
to common principles and standards in the fields of education, healthcare, public administration
through joint projects in the fields of science, culture, sports, tourism, so that citizens can
directly feel the benefits of Eurasian integration. The author substantiates the preference of the
Russian view of the future of the EAEU, considering the Russian approach more ambitious
and in demand in modern conditions, suggesting considering the prospects for the development
of the Union in the context of the formation of The Greater Eurasian Partnership.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: EAEU

value: Greater Eurasian Partnership

value: Kazakhstan

value: Belarus

value: Development Strategy

value: regional integration


dc.contributor.author

value: Lunkin, Roman N.

value: Eom, Gu Ho

value: Degterev, Denis A.

value: Klemeshev, Andrey P.

value: Kuznetsova, Tatiana Yu.

value: Fedorov, Gennadiy M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lunkin R. N., Gu Ho Eom, Degterev D. A., Klemeshev A. P., Kuznetsova T. Yu., Fedorov G. M. Scientific journals in the context of the transformation of international relations: Problems, challenges and prospects.Part 2. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, pp. 422–444. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This review article has resulted from the discussion during the roundtable of the editors-inchief
of the international relations (IR) journals, convened by Saint Petersburg State University
as part of the Congress of the IR students (November, 2022). The article traces the main
changes in scientific activities of the IR journals under conditions of dramatic deterioration of
Russia-West relations and subsequent re-orientation in terms of key topics, the authors’ affiliations,
and other arising problems.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 4

value: scientific journals

value: international studies

value: internationalization of international studies

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kolotaev, Yury Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kolotaev Yu. Yu. Digitalization and disinformation: Current governance practices of the European Union. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, pp. 402–421. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the contemporary problems of the digital space. It considers the threat of
disinformation as a systemic phenomenon and a characteristic of “information disorder” and
the post-truth era. The study reflects on the main theoretical ideas about the relations between
agents of informational influence, involving various stakeholders. It also assesses potential and
existing measures to counter disinformation. The experience of the European Union reflects
in this context a new, supranational approach to regulation of the digital sphere. This article
aims to comprehensively reflect the evolution and the current state of the European Union’s
activities in the field of countering disinformation and assess the strengths and weaknesses of
its policy. The article considers such important changes in the activities of the European Union
as the adoption of the new Digital Services Act, the application of media blocking practices,
the revision of previous documents, as well as the transition from a self-regulatory practice
to the practice of co-regulation. Strategies, action plans, and resolutions, as well as voluntary
codes of practice, provide the basis for the analysis. They reflect the strategic vision, measures,
and results of the work of various EU institutions. The study showed that currently the EU
has reached a high level of interaction with digital platforms in the fight against disinformation,
while the nature of those interactions has gradually changed. Despite the central role of
platforms in the EU’s policy, it combines new practices of co-regulation with the development
of a particular strategic narrative and cooperation with civil society. At the same time, the current
policy reveals a number of negative trends, including the politicization of the problem in
the context of geopolitical contradictions, the stigmatization of certain information influence
sources, as well as a lack of attention to “non-political” disinformation. Additionally, there are
problems in EU policy related to the inconsistency of particular acts, the lack of transparency
of numerous measures, and the difficulty of monitoring and evaluating certain actions.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: European Union

value: disinformation

value: Digital Services Act

value: post-truth

value: digitalization


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsvetkova, Natalia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsvetkova N. A. Democracy promotion and the United States’ foreign policy: Ideological principles, strategic approach, and historical dynamics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 4, pp. 445–448. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.408 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
[Book rev.:] Davydov, А. А. (2022), “Pragmatic Idealism”: Democracy Promotion in US Foreign Policy,
Мoscow: Aspekt Press. 248 p.


dc.contributor.author

value: de Carvalho, Jozélio Freire

value: Churilov, Leonid P.

value: Lerner, Aaron

value: Sobolevskaya, Polina A.

value: Basina, Alena A.

value: Gavrilova, Natalia Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: de Carvalho J. F., Churilov L. P., Lerner A., Sobolevskaia P. A., Basina А. А., Gavrilova N. Yu. S-adenosylmethionine therapy in rheumatic and related autoimmune diseases. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 4, pp. 348–360. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.401

dc.description.abstract

value:
S-adenosylmethionine has been used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, including those accompanied
with depression. These entities often are comorbid with rheumatic and thyroid
pathology, and in the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic periods, there was a growing
number of such cases. That’s why the article evaluates the experience and perspectives of S-adenosylmethionine
therapy in osteoarthritis and a few rheumatic and comorbid thyroid diseases
(fibromyalgia, systemic sclerosis, gout and autoimmune thyroiditis). PubMed/MEDLINE,
EMBASE, elibrary.ru and Scielo databases were searched for targeted topic between 1966 and
2023. 15 articles were depicted to fulfill the inclusion criteria, 13 in Latin and 2 in Cyrillic
scripts, including 1,499 patients (1,383 in osteoarthritis and 116 in other rheumatic diseases).
The dosage varied from 200 mg to 1,200 mg/day. The follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to
24 months. Almost all studies (13/15) showed at least one benefit after S-adenosylmethionine therapy supplementation, including 2 papers documented positive effect in vitro achieved
upon the cells taken from patients. Most side effects were mild, one study showed borderline
moderate/severe adverse effects. Only pre-clinical/experimental studies of S-adenosylmethionine
therapy effects on thyroid regulation were revealed. S-adenosylmethionine is a promising
and safe element of complex therapy for some rheumatic diseases.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is supported by Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant no. 22-15-00113, agreement of
May 13, 2022.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 18; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: S-adenosylmethionine

value: SAMe

value: methylation

value: rheumatic diseases

value: rheumatoid arthritis

value: systemic sclerosis

value: osteoarthritis

value: fibromyalgia

value: thyroid glandsystemic sclerosis

value: thyroid gland


dc.contributor.author

value: Kochergin, Dmitry А.

value: Andryushin, Sergey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kochergin, D. A. and Andryushin, S. A. (2023) ‘Digital assets, crypto-assets and digitаl currencies: Economic content and potential of convergence’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (4), pp. 496–533. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to researching the nature of new economic categories (digital assets,
cryptoassets and digital currencies) and identifying their essential features and functional relationships
between them. The study developed an original interpretation and classification of
cryptoassets and digital currencies, proposed a decision tree for attributing a digital asset to a
particular type, identified the features of issuance and circulation of various cryptoassets and
digital currencies. The study showed that not all digital assets are cryptoassets or digital currencies.
Cryptoassets should be considered as the most important and most numerous type
of digital assets. According to the author’s classification, cryptoassets can be categorized into
two main types: virtual currencies and digital tokens. The former perform mainly a payment
and/or savings function, while the latter perform an investment and/or utilitarian function.
The two main subspecies of virtual currencies are cryptocurrencies and stablecoins. Cryptocurrencies
have neither an identifiable issuer nor collateral, but are characterized by intrinsic
value (bitcoin) or imputed value (altcoins). Stablecoins typically have an identifiable issuer
and use various reserve assets to maintain a stable market value. In terms of functionality,
virtual currencies, like new digital forms of fiat money issued by central banks (central bank
digital currencies) or commercial banks (tokenised deposits), can perform all or some monetary
functions. The latter becomes possible due to the public consensus reached by users even
in the absence of regulation of virtual currency circulation. According to the authors, modern
digital currencies exist in four main forms: central bank digital currencies, tokenised deposits,
stablecoins and cryptocurrencies. The potential of convergence between crypto assets and
digital currencies is revealed at the instrumental, infrastructural, consumer, institutional and
regulatory levels.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-28-
00398, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-00398.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: digital assets

value: crypto-assets

value: digital money

value: digital currencies

value: central bank digital currencies

value: tokenised deposits

value: virtual currencies

value: stablecoins

value: cryptocurrencies

value: digital tokens

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vetrova, Maria A.

value: Pakhomova, Nadezda V.

value: Richter, Kurt Knut

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vetrova, M. A., Pakhomova, N. V. and Richter, K. K. (2023) ‘Strategies for the development of the Russian energy industry in the conditions of climate challenges and geopolitical instability’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (4), pp. 439–469. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The complication of the geopolitical situation, the growth of crisis processes, including in the
energy and food sectors, the return of a number of “old” problems as significant, including
increased inflation, rising cost of living, trade wars, large-scale social protests, etc., to a certain
extent distracted the attention of states from solving the problems of the climate agenda.
Against this background, it was not possible to overcome the trend towards an increase in
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with a special role in this energy. As a result, the achievement
of the milestones agreed in Paris in 2015 to keep the temperature of the atmospheric air
on the planet within the limits of an increase of 2 °C, with the most preferable option of 1.5 °C,
was jeopardized. The complexity of the current climate situation and doubts about its easing in
the application of traditional approaches stimulate a rethinking of the landmarks and instruments
of climate policy and the energy transition associated with it at the global, subregional
and national levels, as well as in strategic business decisions. Of particular interest in this
context as a kind of benchmarking are the efforts of countries and regions that seek to take a
leading position in these processes. As for Russia, the current situation, including uncertainty
in the energy markets and price volatility, jeopardizes the export revenues of the budget and
Russian companies, and the continued relevance of the climate agenda to reduce GHG emissions
in the face of sanctions pressure and lack of access to the best available decarbonization
technologies complicate green energy transition. In this context, the article examines the new
accents of climate policy, reveals the leading priorities of the measures being implemented in
Russia to adapt to the challenges of the green energy transition, and analyzes ways to update
the Russian energy development strategy. Particular attention is paid to the substantiation and presentation of the author’s concept of alternative macro-scenarios for the development of the
Russian energy sector and the development of the highest priority strategies for Russian fuel
and energy enterprises to maintain their competitive positions in the face of structural shifts
and the implementation of a moderate energy transition option.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the St. Petersburg State University research grant, project No. GZ_
MDF_2023‑1, pure ID 101662710.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: global risks

value: climate policy

value: energy transition

value: regulatory regime

value: energy sector

value: structural changes

value: CCUS technologies

value: low-carbon business strategies

value: geopolitical instability

value: new factors of competitiveness


title: Carbon pricing world wide

dc.contributor.author

value: Ismagilova, Olga D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ismagilova, O. D. (2023) ‘Carbon pricing world wide’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (4), pp. 470–495. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the features of existing carbon pricing policies in different countries.
While some countries have only a carbon tax and others a cap-and-trade system, there are
jurisdictions that combine them. The differences in the existing cap-and-trade systems and
carbon taxes in selected countries — both in terms of sectors and emissions covered, as well
as carbon prices are shown. As it appeared to be at least 70 different carbon pricing initiatives
at the national and subnational levels, they cover less than ¼ of global GHG emissions.
Examples of fuel excise tax — still most common indirect carbon pricing mechanism in the
world — are highlighted. The assessment by international organizations and national agencies
of effective carbon rates are given, which vary by countries and potential effects for the global
decarbonization. According to the working assumption, effective climate change policies must
include a mix of regulatory actions combining restrictions and control over emissions as well
as economic incentives. This article describes mechanisms of bilateral and international cooperation
on emission pricing and provides examples of voluntary standards for verification
and validation of climate change projects. Despite proposals of different international organizations,
there has been no agreement so far on an international carbon price floor. However,
in 2021, negotiators closed a deal setting global rules for carbon markets, allowing countries
that have emission units to trade them. The world’s first major carbon border tax — a Carbon
Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will introduce a carbon price on certain products
imported into the EU.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

value: carbon pricing

value: carbon tax

value: cap-and-trade system

value: fuel excise tax

value: carbon market

value: effective carbon rates

dc.title

value: Carbon pricing world wide

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gerasimenko, Valentina V.

value: Kurbatskii, Aleksei N.

value: Kurkova, Dina N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gerasimenko, V. V., Kurbatskii, A. N. and Kurkova, D. N. (2023) ‘Digitalization of market interactions of Russian enterprises’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (4), pp. 534–559. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this paper is to investigate one of the problems of digitalization of market
relations in the modern Russian economy. The article examines the peculiarities of market behavior
of domestic companies in terms of their implementation of digital technologies in the
process of interaction with consumers, which is realized through communication and sales
channels, and is characterized as omnichannel. The research question that forms the subject
of this study is to determine the direction and level of sales channel integration and identify
how it relates to the company’s data practices. The study identified trends, parameters and
barriers to digitalization in the implementation of digital tools in the management of interaction
with market participants. The article presents a systematic analysis of modern theoretical
approaches to the formation of a sales channels and communication strategy of companies,
systematizes the parameters affecting its development, as well as factors limiting the digital
transformation of marketing in Russian companies. The research reveals trends, parameters
and barriers to the introduction of digital tools in the management of interaction with market
participants. The results of the empirical study have applied significance for Russian enterprises;
they allowed us to analyze the level of digitalization of marketing strategies and to
verify the relevant hypotheses. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, clustering methods,
regression trees and logit models were used to obtain statistically sound conclusions. R and
Excel packages were used for data processing and calculations. The field of application of the study results is the management of sales channels and digital communications in Russian
business. The results of the empirical study showed that the factors of weak developed data
culture and the associated lack of integration of sales and communication channels act as a key
obstacle to the development of omni-channel strategies. The results demonstrate the potential
of digitalization of management in Russian companies, the directions of training of qualified
specialists, as well as the development of affordable and easy-to-use IT solutions.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: market behavior

value: marketing strategy

value: digitalization of management

value: omnichannel sales strategy

value: marketing communications


dc.contributor.author

value: Fedorova, Mariya G.

value: Komarova, Ekaterina V.

value: Kozlova, Anastasiya V.

value: Tsyplikhin, Nikita O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fedorova M. G., Komarova E. V., Kozlova A. V., Tsyplihin N. O. Biochemical and morphological changes in the gland in the most common liver diseases (literature review). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 4, pp. 361–371. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Currently, there are a large number of studies devoted to the study of the relationship between
liver diseases and the development of pathological processes in other organs, such as the kidneys, brain, etc. However, in the available scientific literature, the problem of the influence of
hepatic pathologies on the structure and functions of the thyroid gland is covered to a much
lesser extent. In some cases, information on this problem is only indirectly addressed in scientific
research. In order to summarize these data, a literature review of scientific articles posted
in the public domain search engines was carried out. This literature review contains basic
information concerning the problem of the influence of liver diseases on the structural and
functional features of the thyroid gland. The paper highlights the current data of experimental
and clinical studies. Some mechanisms of the development of thyroid diseases associated with
pathological processes occurring in the liver tissues are analyzed. The biochemical, pathophysiological
and morphological features of the thyroid gland in acute and chronic hepatitis,
fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver are described.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 18; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: thyroid gland

value: liver

value: hepatitis

value: cirrhosis

value: hormones

value: morphology


dc.contributor.author

value: Kayukov, Vladimir V.

value: Razmanova, Svetlana V.

value: Nesterova, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kayukov, V. V., Razmanova, S. V. and Nesterova, O. V. (2023) ‘Modern approaches to managing the development of the Arctic zone’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (4), pp. 578–598. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The issue of the development of hydrocarbon deposits in the Arctic zone belongs to the category
of strategic and urgent. Its solution, in fact, is the use of a chance, the implementation
of which would allow to overcome the single-industry specialization of the country, reduce
the degree of raw materials orientation and solve structural and technological problems to
restore the industrial subsystem. Overcoming these difficulties can be accomplished by revaluing
the institutions of post-reform Russia and adjusting them in terms of the synthesis
of commercial and statistic approaches to industrial policy. The institutional way of research
is new (although it currently has wide variability). The authors, in the form of a worker,
chose a statement by L. Thévenot regarding the theory of agreements, which states the presence
of seven subsystems (“worlds”) in society that participants in economic transactions
encounter. In this context, the purpose of the study is to modernize the management model
of the Arctic zone, taking into account both the traditions of institutionalism with its ideas
about the strong influence of management institutions on the economy, and the directions
of new institutionalism with its theory of agreements. At the same time, as a hypothesis, it
is noted that achieving the goal involves analyzing the control object taking into account its
basic characteristics, reflecting the real fundamental principle in a specific subsystem. The
institutional method of research makes it substantively to answer the question of the role of
the state in industrial policy: to determine the nature of the model and the degree of intervention,
taking into account the features of the functionality of the management object, its
belonging to a certain subsystem, role, geopolitical significance, cycle duration and degree of
fusion with other participants in inter-economic relations. According to the theory of agreements,
the Arctic zone (as well as other regions of the Far North), according to the authors,
belongs to the number of management objects that are organically poorly compatible with
universal norms of market behavior. Based on the nature of economic relations in the Arctic
zone, we note that subsystems of industrial, ecological, traditional and creative activities are
immanent for it. Conclusions are drawn that the provisions of the theory of agreements are
a convincing argument for an institutional view of the Arctic zone. Therefore, the solution
of the issue of transformation of the economic model of the development of hydrocarbon deposits
in the Arctic zone in the context of the proposed synthesis of commercial and statistic
approaches is of particular importance.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Arctic zone

value: institutional approach

value: market and industrial subsystems

value: neoclassical mainstream

value: statism

value: price

value: standards

value: program

value: project

value: plan

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dulaev, Alexander K.

value: Ovdenko, Andrey G.

value: Tsed, Alexander N.

value: Mushtin, Nikita E.

value: Dulaev, Dmitry V.

value: Varzin, Sergey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dulaev E. K., Tsed A. N., Dulaev D. V., Ovdenko A. G., Mushtin N. E., Varzin S. A. Treatment of patients with periprosthetic infection. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 4, pp. 372–384. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review article presents the main questions of pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and surgical
management of patients with paraprosthetic infection that developed after surgery for fractured
limb bones and deforming arthrosis. The main factors that influenced the occurrence of purulent
complications and the ways of their prevention, treatment, taking into account the current ideas
about wound infection, are indicated. Pathogenetic mechanisms of paraprosthetic infection development
are directly related to the presence of hematoma in the operated joint. Risk factors for
large joint arthroplasty can be divided into three conditional types: general and local patient status;
conditions for the operation; features of surgery. To detail the risk factors associated with the
general or local status of the patient, two subtypes are highlighted — primary and secondary. The
main subtype includes: 1) focus infection, located in the operated joint; 2) focus infection, located
in the paraarticular tissues of the operated joint; 3) generalization of the infectious process —
sepsis. The additional subtype includes: 1) history of previous joint surgery; 2) critical changes
in body mass index; 3) uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; 4) presence of systemic diseases associated
with prolonged administration of glucocorticosteroids and cytostatics and others. Two-stage
revision endoprosthesis in patients with chronic periprosthetic infection is the gold standard to
date. In many ways, the success of treatment depends on the correctness of all stages, on the adequacy
of diagnostic measures, the scrupulousness of compliance with surgical technique and is
determined by the surgeon’s experience, as well as the equipment of the hospital.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 18; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: paraprosthetic infection

value: periprosthetic infection

value: fracture

value: limb bones

value: deforming arthrosis

value: transplant

value: purulent complications

value: wound infection

value: diagnosis

value: treatment

value: prognosis


dc.contributor.author

value: Ullah, Irfan

value: Uçak, Harun

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ullah, I. and Uçak, H. (2023) ‘Potential impact of food inflation on households’ welfare: Evidence from Pakistan’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (4), pp. 560–577. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.405

dc.description.abstract

value:
The global food price crises of 2007–2008 and the recent resurgence of food inflation have
gained attention of the researchers about the causes and consequences of this volatility in
food prices around the globe. This paper aims to examine the potential impact of food inflation
on households’ welfare in Pakistan. For this purpose, the authors used a flexible Linear
Approximate Almost Ideal demand System (LA/AIDS) to estimate the food demand pattern
using the recently available Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan for the year
2018–2019. Food products were categorized into thirteen food groups including milk, meat,
fruits, vegetables, sugar, beverages, cereals, wheat, rice, oil & fats, tea, condiments and baked
products. The estimated model was used to simulate different price increase scenarios in each
of the currently own price. We found out that the estimated loss in the consumption was
consistently high for milk, sugar, cereals, rice, wheat, meat and oil & fats. The issue of limited
diversity in the dietary pattern and persistently food inflation will result in alarming food security
in the country. The Effect of an increase in the general price level on food consumption
could only be reduced by enhancing households’ purchasing power in the current scenario.
The outcome of this research study will help policymakers in the agriculture sector to develop
reliable and sound policy designs that will help control the implications of food inflation on
household welfare loss.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

value: food inflation

value: food policy

value: elasticities

value: food security

value: Pakistan

dc.type

value: Article


title: Vladimir Germanovich Shtefko

dc.contributor.author

value: Zubritsky, Alexander N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zubritsky A. N. Vladimir Germanovich Shtefko. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 4, pp. 407–413. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.406

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the life and creative path of the famous Russian phthisiopathologist,
biologist, anatomist and anthropologist, scientist, talented educator and organizer, patriarch
of the national school of phthisiopathology, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladimir
Germanovich Shtefko (1893–1945), who was born in Moscow in the family of an employee.
After graduating from the Moscow Real School, he entered the Medical and Physics and Mathematics
Faculties of the Imperial Moscow University. In 1911, the pulmonary tuberculosis was
diagnosed, which accompanies him throughout his life and for which he is being treated in
Switzerland, where he continues his studies at the University of Lausanne. After returning
to Russia, he graduated with honors from these two faculties in 1916 and devoted himself to
devotion to science. The scientific interests of V. G. Shtefko and his students were primarily
tuberculosis issues. He is the author of about 300 scientific papers, including 24 monographs.
V. G. Shtefko was the founder of the Moscow school of phthisiopathologists, as well as comparative
anatomical and age-morphological directions in medical research. He established
the phenomenon of dyschronic development of intraorgan structures and concluded that the
cultural races of humanity, such as Europeans have a more complex protein molecule structure
than lower races. In fact, he refuted the well-known postulate that all people are brothers.
Moreover, in 1929, scientists led by V. G. Shtefko developed a classification of five normal
types of the human constitution (asthenoid, digestive, thoracic, muscular, abdominal, as well
as mixed types), which was the reason for his political persecution, and therefore in 1938 the
work had to be stopped, nevertheless, this did not stop the anger of his detractors and on October
3, 1945 in Moscow, V. G. Shtefko committed suicide at the age of 52.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 18; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Vladimir Germanovich Shtefko

value: scientist-phthisiopathologist

value: biologist

value: anthropologist

value: ornithologist

value: founder of the Moscow school of Phthisiopathology


dc.contributor.author

value: Fedorova, Elena A.

value: Nevredinov, Alexander R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fedorova, E. A. and Nevredinov, A. R. (2023) ‘The main aspects of the experience economy in tourism industry’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (4), pp. 599–626. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of experience economy factors (entertainment,
education, aesthetics, escapism) and the economic component on preferences in
choosing hotels in the domestic tourism industry. The empirical base of the study includes
30,926 reviews from the tripadvisor.ru website for 1,243 hotels in Russia for 2021–2022,
divided by consumer ratings. The research methodology includes textual analysis of tourist
reviews: counting particular words and phrases in reviews, calculating the correlation of
words, finding word relationships using the word2vec embedding matrix, highlighting the
most popular topics of discussion based on the Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) method
and assessing sentiment using a BERT transformer network. The results of this study assess
aspects of the basic model of the experience economy (aesthetics, escapism, entertainment
and education) and adapt the model for the domestic tourism and hospitality industry, adding
relevant aspects (recommendations and economics). Based on the results of a quantitative assessment
of aspects of the extended model of the experience economy, it was revealed that the
aesthetic aspect is decisive for people when evaluating hotels, and the aspects of entertainment
and education, expressed indirectly, although they are of high importance, but not as much
as aesthetic parameters. The economic component, primarily the price-quality ratio and the
overall assessment of the cost, also stands out in the main topics, however, hotel reviews focus
on it to a lesser extent. This is the first time in Russia that such a study is evaluating aspects of the experience economy model for the tourism industry and will allow developing the travel
market in Russia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was carried out according to the state assignment for 2022 of the Government of the
Russian Federation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 4

value: experience economy

value: text analysis

value: hotel management

value: service industry


dc.contributor.author

value: Lavrukova, Olga S.

value: Polyakov, Аleksei Yu.

value: Beraya, Roman F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lavrukova O. S., Polyakov А. Yu., Beraya R. F. Modern ideas about the stages of decomposition and the possibilities of forensic reconstruction of the conditions of the postmortem period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 4, pp. 385–396. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The decomposition of a corpse is a long process in time and is one of the irreversible, as
it is due to the natural need for the natural recycling of nutrients in dead organic matter (dead bodies of humans and animals). The duration of decomposition varies within very wide
boundaries: from several months to several hundred and thousands of years. The article conducted
an analytical review of works on the processes occurring in the dead body, the staging
of decomposition, and the possibilities of forensic medical reconstruction of the conditions
of the postmortem period, including the establishment of the duration of the post-mortal
interval. A modern approach to the consideration of postmortem changes is presented, indicating
that establishing the conformity of the pathomorphology of the decomposition of
corpse tissues and its underlying abiotic and biotic factors can be a justification for its actual
stages. However, the degradation characteristics of dead bodies depend on a number of factors
acting together on the corpse and often catalytically or inhibitively acting on each other.
All these changes, with the possibility of their comprehensive analysis (taking into account
numerous factors affecting their dynamics), play a crucial role in establishing the duration of
the postmortal interval.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) no. 23-25-10061,
conducted jointly with the Republic of Karelia and funded by the Venture Investment Fund of the Republic
of Karelia.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 18; Issue 4

value: corpse

value: decomposition

value: stages

value: conditions of the post-mortem period

value: age of death

value: modern approach

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tregubov, Valeriy N.

value: Khoroshaev, Oleg E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tregubov V. N., Khoroshaev O. E. The life and work of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov in the works of his students and followers (for the anniversary of the great scientist). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 4, pp. 414–422. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In 2024, the medical community celebrates the Ivan Petrovich Pavlov’s 175th birth anniversary
on September 26 (14), 1849. Time has not changed the respect of physicians and physiologists
towards his personality and science contributions, as evidenced by the books, articles published
annually about him in scientific journals. The purpose of the study is to analyses the dynamics and
structure of scientific works published about the life and work of I. P. Pavlov from 1899 to 2023. To
achieve the study goal, the bibliographic method was used. 867 articles were analyzed, the dynamics
of publications was studied using chain indicators of growth/loss rates as a percentage. The
publication structure of these works by type of publication and topic is analyzed in relative terms.
The authors publication activity about Pavlov increased in the anniversary years of his birth and in
the year of his death. The maximum number of articles was published from 1950 to 1952 — 321,
which is associated with the results of the scientific session of the USSR Academy of Sciences and
the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in 1950. The followers of the great physiologist carefully
preserve his memory, regularly publishes his scientific works about his life and activities.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: I. P. Pavlov

value: anniversary

value: scientific works

value: students

value: followers

value: publication activity