dc.contributor.author

value: Suchkov, Maxim A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Suchkov M. А. “The geopolitics of technology”: International relations and the fourth industrial revolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 138–157. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Contemporary international relations as well as the life of an individual as we know it would
not be possible without the three Industrial revolutions. They have occurred in the course of the last three hundred years of human history and came to be part of a single continuous process
of changing technological waves. Each revolution defined how people would live, work,
and communicate with one another. Each industrial revolution set the dynamics for international
relations and created new political conflicts. The fourth industrial revolution that we are
going through today is also accompanied by geopolitical rivalry and develops exponentially,
not in a linear projection. It pierces through all layers of human activity and runs the risk of
changing the very nature of humans. The character of modern-day technology makes it hard
to perceive it through the lens of a mere consumer since technology impacts us as citizens and
deals with the three key concepts for people throughout their history: justice, freedom, and
power. The author hypothesizes that the three concepts are closely interlinked with the three
main megatrends of technology’s influence over politics respectively, — the call for a new
social contract, the problem of localization of big data and the associated pursuit of states for
digital sovereignty, and the development of artificial intelligence. Therefore, the present work
is an attempt to outline some key trajectories in how the new technological wave fractures the
three concepts and how all of this impacts international relations.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was financially supported by MGIMO-University of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Russia within the framework of the research project of the Institute for International Studies No. 2023-03-02.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: technology

value: industrial revolution

value: international relations

value: geopolitics

value: security

value: great powers

value: conflict

value: big data

value: artificial intelligence

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sadokov, Dmitriy O.

value: Sapelko, Tatyana V.

value: Bobrov, Nikita Yu.

value: Melles, Martin

value: Fedorov, Grigoriy B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sadokov, D. O., Sapelko, T. V., Bobrov, N. Yu., Melles, M., Fedorov, G. B. Late Glacial and Early Holocene lacustrine sedimentation history of the northern Mologa-Sheksna Lowland derived from Lake Beloye sediments (NW Russia). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 67 (2), 266–298. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Few detailed case studies have been devoted so far to the Late Pleistocene palaeogeography
of the northern Mologa-Sheksna Lowland (MSL), compared to adjacent regions covering the
Valdai glaciation marginal zone. Lake Beloye (Russia, Vologda region, Babaevo district) bottom
sediments were studied using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and subsequently were
cored in order to build a palaeoclimatic reconstruction for the northern MSL, because lacustrine
deposits are considered to be valuable and representative palaeoarchive of the area. Chronology
of regional palaeoclimatic and palaeohydrological changes from the Bølling — Allerød
warming to the Early Holocene was traced on the basis of inorganic and organic geochemistry,
mineralogical proxies, grain-size, magnetic susceptibility, accelerator mass spectrometry
radiocarbon dating and optical microanalysis. During the Late Glacial and the Pleistocene/
Holocene transition in the northern MSL interstadial climatic conditions were determined at
~ 14.0 cal. ka BP (Bølling, stage GI-1e of the GICC05 timescale) and ~ 13.0 cal. ka BP (Allerød,
stages GI-1c3 — GI-1a). A pronounced cold period associated with Younger Dryas (stage GS-
1) was registered in the multiproxy record at 12.8–11.7 cal. ka BP. High-resolution x-ray fluorescence
(XRF) core scanning helped to reveal short-term “cold” events at ~ 13.7, ~ 13.1 and
~ 11.5 cal. ka BP, which were associated with Older Dryas (stage GI-1d), Gerzensee-Killarney
oscillation (stage GI-1b) and Preboreal oscillation respectively, and “warm” episodes at
~ 13.2 and ~ 11.8 cal. ka BP, which presumably correspond to the end of the stage GI-1c1 and
Greenlandian Stage/Age respectively. Ultimate interglacial (Holocene) climate onset within
the MSL was attributed to ~ 11,7 cal. ka BP, which is marked by the sharp rise of total organic
carbon content in the sediments and lithological changes to muddy fraction. Numerous water
level oscillations occurred in the large proglacial lakeduring the last glacial termination,
ending with Its final drainage in the northern MSL by ~ 10.9 cal. ka BP. The reconstructed palaeoclimatic
dynamics is in overall agreements with the global reconstructions for the North
Atlantic and Fennoscandia regions.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Late Glacial

value: lacustrine sedimentation

value: X-ray fluorescence

value: climatostratigraphy

value: Holocene

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


title: Сausal Markers in Old Khmer

dc.contributor.author

value: Dmitrenko, Sergey Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dmitrenko S. Yu. Сausal Markers in Old Khmer. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 261–287. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper considers causal markers in Old Khmer, the language of epigraphic 7th–15th century
monuments found in Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Consistently looking at
the contexts of two lexemes, hetu and man, it ascertains that hetu (traceable to the Sanskrit
noun “cause”) was used in the 10th–11th centuries as a specialized conjunction to introduce
causal clauses. Modern Khmer has transformed hetu into the conjunction haet tae. Modern
Khmer also widely uses haet in various consequence phrases (as against its merely sporadic
occurrences in this meaning in Old Khmer). The conjunction man is another ancient causal
marker, probably ascending to Old Javanese. In consistence with modern views on the emergence
of causal markers, its causal function may have developed from its earlier temporal
uses (“when”). Man is not found in Modern Khmer, having fallen out of use as early as in the
Middle Khmer, the language of the 15th–18th century monuments. Our probe into causal constructions
with hetu and man could not come up with any examples of Old Khmer constructions
with dependent nominal causal phrases, while these are common in Modern Khmer,
though evidently — as derivatives of dependent causal clauses. The paper also looks into the
potential emergence paths for the modern causal markers prʊəh and daoj(-saː). Our conclusion
is that the registered occurrences of the Old Khmer ancestors of these words (roḥ and
toy, respectively) provide no definite clue as to their evolution or the exact period when they
or their derivatives assumed the causal function. Nevertheless, the existence of their modern
Thai (pʰrɔ́ʔ, dûay) and Lao (pʰɔ̄ʔ, dûay ) counterparts suggests that the Old Khmer also used
the respective causal markers that were later borrowed by Tai languages.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation project No. 8-18-
00472 “Causal constructions in the languages of the world: semantics and typology”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Khmer

value: Ancient Khmer

value: syntax

value: causal construction

value: causal conjunction

value: causal clause

value: Сausal Markers in Old Khmer


dc.contributor.author

value: Pallades, Victor V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pallades V. V. Taboo Words as a Component of Invective Vocabulary and Their Determining in Arabic against the Background of Russian and English Languages. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 299–319. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper is devoted to understanding of the taboo phenomenon in language as a component
of invective vocabulary on the example of Arabic, English and Russian languages, and also to
study of the borders of this phenomenon and methods of its determination. In his study of
conceptual features of forbidden words the author of the article refers to the works of K. Allen
and K. Burridge, as well as M. Ljung. In addition to the theoretical works of linguists, the author
analyzes the existing practice of implementing linguistic prohibitions in Russian, English,
which affects such areas as legislation and media. Especially valuable material that was analyzed,
was studies of English-speaking media regulators and major broadcasting companies.
The main purpose of these surveys was to identify the list of words that audience considered
unacceptable on the air, i.e. taboo. As for Arab law, there is no separation of vocabulary on
permissible and unacceptable, as well as there is no obvious border and in Arabic language
standards or usage. However, this does not mean the lack of prohibited words and the author
clearly demonstrates the presence of taboos on examples from Arab media. In addition, the
article discusses the works of Arab linguists M. A. Khatyab and N. Ya. Kanbar, dedicated to taboo
vocabulary. Nevertheless, the problem of reliable determination and identification of language
taboos has not been solved yet, and the author of the paper proposes a relevant criterion
to determine the taboo words on the basis of the approaches existing in modern linguistics.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: taboo

value: invective

value: Arabic language

value: English language

value: Russian language

value: taboo indicator

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zavyalova, Olga Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zavyalova O. Yu. The Neo-traditionalism of the Manden Charter. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 193–210. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Manden Charter, according to tradition, was adopted in 1236 at Kurukan Fuga (Mali),
after the victory of Sunjata Keita, legendary Mali ruler, over Sumaoro Kante, general of susu
troops. It is a corpus of rules that was created to organize the Mali Empire. In 2009, UNESCO
inscribed the Charter on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
The Charter, like the Hunters’ Oath (1222), belongs to the oral tradition and was
documented only in 1998. Therer are many oral variants of text. So there is controversy about
its authenticity. Basing on the results of my previous research, it is safe to say that the Charter
conveys the main social norms of Manden society and its social structure, however, it contains
also some modern ideas. In Guinea, near Niagassola village, there is a place similar to Kurukan
Fuga, where until recently the main Manden families gathered to make important decisions.
Informants said that Sundiata himself was there also. The Charter may be even more
significant today than it used to be, which is why it has become the center of attention both
among the Manden peoples and abroad. Like every oral tradition the Charter makes changes in history, and this alternation of history is inevitable, because history is important not just for
the past, but for present and future of the peoples. Today the Charter is an important element
in Manden’s self-identification.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Manden

value: Charter

value: oral tradition


dc.contributor.author

value: Marchukova, Olesia V.

value: Voskresenskaya, Elena N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Marchukova, O. V., Voskresenskaya, E. N. (2022). Features of the formation of the Central and East Pacific La Niña types. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 67 (2), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper the analyzes dataset of global ocean chlorophyll A (Chl a) concentration from the
GlobColour project over the equatorial Pacific during the La Niña events from 1998 to 2018.
GlobColour includes satellite sensors such as SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS and others. The study
of changes in chlorophyll A concentration is carried out with an analysis of sea temperature
and current distributions on the surface and over the ocean depth taken from the NCEP GODAS reanalysis from 1981 to 2018. Additionally the trade wind indices from 1979 to 2018 are
used. The purpose of the work is to study the mechanisms of formation of two La Niña types,
leading to the occurrence of different climatic anomalies in different regions of our planet. It is
found that at the initial stage of the Central Pacific La Niña type origin the ocean chlorophyll
A concentration over the center equatorial Pacific increases in six to eight times (from 0.1 mg/
m3 to 0.8 mg/m3) and the thermocline depth in this area decreases to 50 m indicating the
intensification of the central equatorial upwelling. During the East Pacific La Nina type the
central equatorial upwelling is not formed and negative sea surface temperature anomalies are
formed by increasing of the Peruvian upwelling supported intensification trade winds on the
East Pacific equatorial sector. All obtained results are confirmed by a 95 % statistically significant
by Student’s test. Thus, the work is demonstrated significant differences in the features of
the two La Niña types formation at their initial stage of origin.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment on the topic No. 0012-2021-
0007 (121122300072-3) “Fundamental and applied research on the patterns and mechanisms of formation
of regional changes in the natural environment and climate under the influence of global processes in the
ocean-atmosphere system and anthropogenic impact”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 67; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: La Niña types

value: chlorophyll concentration

value: sea surface temperature anomaly

value: thermocline

value: Pacific Ocean

value: trade winds

value: surface currents


dc.contributor.author

value: Perova, Elena N.

value: Zaitsev, Anatoly N.

value: Spratt, John

value: Vlasenko, Nataliya S.

value: Platonova, Nataliya V.

value: Bubnova, Olga G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Perova, E. N., Zaitsev, A. N., Spratt, J., Vlasenko, N. S., Platonova, N. V., Bubnova, O. G. (2022). Thermodynamic analysis of primary and secondary mineral stability in melilite-nephelinite tuff with Australopithecus Afarensis footprints (Laetoli, Tanzania). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 67 (2), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Laetoli area in northern Tanzania is an important palaeo-anthropological site, where the
oldest footprints of Australopithecus afarensis reside. Aeolian tuffs are the major rock type at Laetoli and they are divided into Lower and Upper Laetolil Beds that were deposited at an
interval of 4.36 and 3.63 million years. The Upper Laetolil Beds contain eight layers of air-fall
tuffs known as marker tuffs. The Australopithecus afarensis footprints are observed on the
surface of the white tuff, which is a part of the Upper Laetolil marker tuff 7, also known as the
“Footprint Tuff.” The interpolated age of the marker tuff 7 is 3.66 million years. Two mineral
assemblages are distinguished in the Upper Laetolil marker tuffs. The first assemblage consists
of primary tuff minerals and includes clinopyroxene (diopside, augite, aegirine-augite),
nepheline, melilite (åkermanite and alumoåkermanite), garnet (andradite and schorlomite),
magnetite, and others. The second mineral assemblage consists of secondary minerals, montmorillonite,
calcite, and phillipsite. They were formed during replacement of the primary minerals,
volcanic glass, and ash cementation. Thermodynamic calculations show that the major
primary tuff minerals (melilite and nepheline) are stable at variable sodium activity and pH
values. Replacement of melilite and nepheline by montmorillonite is caused by a decrease of
sodium activity in slightly alkaline, neutral and acidic conditions (рН < 10). Montmorillonite
is not present in the altered nephelinitic tuff of the Sadiman volcano (which is considered as a
source of the Laetolil Beds) where kaolinite is the major secondary mineral. This is explained
by the difference in H2O fugacity with higher lgfH2O values in Sadiman and lower values in
Laetoli. Relationships between primary and secondary tuffs minerals on the lgaHCO3 vs pH
plot suggest mineral transformation within the Laetolil Beds in slightly acid and neutral conditions
(рН = 5–7) compared with more alkaline conditions at Sadiman (рН > 10).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study was supported by the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authorities (Tanzania), Russian
Foundation for Basic Research (grant 18-05-00835) and The Natural History Museum (London). Scientific
research was performed at the Centers for X-ray Diffraction Methods and Geomodel of the Research Park
of St Petersburg State University.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: melilite

value: nepheline

value: montmorillonite

value: calcite

value: tuff

value: Laetoli

value: Tanzania

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chelnokova, Anna V.

value: Makhlaiuk, Artur N.

value: Dubrovina, Julia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chelnokova A. V., Makhlaiuk A. N., Dubrovina J. A. Perception of Secular/Inclusive Nationalism in the Context of 2019–20 Anti-CAA Protests in India (Based on the Literary Material). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 352–365. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.212

dc.description.abstract

value:
At the end of 2019 and in early 2020, there were large-scale protests in India against amendments
to the Citizenship Act 1955. They touched upon an important issue for Indian society
— the issue of religion. Many protest actions were characterized by appeals to various
forms of art, including poetry. We analyze the perception of secular or inclusive nationalism
in the context of the 2019–2020 protests through the prism of the most popular poetic
works that were recited at various venues. We present an overview of the problem of secularism
in modern India, which is necessary to understand the main motifs of the works. In
addition, the political context of the anti-CAA protests, as well as some of its peculiarities
that are directly related to the issues of the Indian nation and religion, are considered. We
give a brief description of the works under consideration, among which are both classical
examples of Urdu poetry and poems created directly in the context of events. We study the
main motifs of the above-mentioned poetic works, among which special attention is paid
to the motif of inclusiveness. It is noted that the structure of poetic works reflects the generalization
of individual experience to the collective experience. We conclude that poetry
in which the ideas of resistance are expressed remains a key element of political struggle in
contemporary India.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: India

value: secularism

value: nationalism

value: communalism

value: protests

value: secular nationalism

value: Constitution of India

value: political poetry


dc.contributor.author

value: Tikhonova, Nadezhda Ye.

value: Ryzhenkov, Andrei S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tikhonova N. Ye., Ryzhenkov A. S. “Unity in Language, Thoughts, and Deeds”: The Ideas of Ismail Gasprinskii and Conceptualization of Turkic Nationalism in Turkey. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 230–242. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.205

dc.description.abstract

value:
At the last decades of the long 19th century, a prominent Russian Muslim journalist and
educator, Ismail Gasprinskii (1851–1914), promoted a cultural-political project for Russian
Muslims, which after the Revolution of 1905 gradually shifted to the idea of national-cultural
autonomy within Russian empire, long after some of Gasprinskii’s ideas were reinterpreted
and he personally became known as a pan-Turkist, especially in the USSR and in Turkey.
This case study aims at examining how the image of Ismail Gasprinskii was embedded
into pan-Turkic discourse in Turkey. Hence, we focus on key authors, including founders
of pan-Turkism Yusuf Akçura and Ziya Gökalp, who initiated the process of portraying
Gasprinskii as one of the “ideologists of pan-Turkism”. Following the main aim of the study,
we also briefly analyze Gasprinskii’s cultural-political project for Russian Muslims, along
with the ideas of pan-Turkism per se. We argue that there are two central narratives, which
solidified the imagination of Gasprinskii as a “pan-Turkist”. First, the myth of his studying in
Moscow military gymnasium amidst the “militant pan-Slavism”, and second, the pan-Turkic
reinterpretation of the slogan “Unity in language, thoughts, deeds”, which appeared on the
heading of Gasprinskii’s newspaper Perevodchik-Terjiman in October of 1912, two years
before his death.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at
the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Ismail Gasprinskii

value: Yusuf Akçura

value: Ziya Gökalp

value: Perevodchik-Terjiman

value: Russian Muslims

value: pan-Turkism

value: pan-Slavism


title: Pronouns in Ginyanga

dc.contributor.author

value: Pozdniakova, Viktoria А.

value: Aplonova, Yekaterina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pozdniakova V. A., Aplonova Ye. S. Pronouns in Ginyanga. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 243–260. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper presents a tentative overview of pronouns in Ginyanga, an understudied Kwa language
spoken in Togo and Ghana; in particular, personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstratives,
and quantifiers. There are no subject pronouns in Ginyanga. We define two
personal pronoun series with a designated pronoun for each noun class: basic (emphatic and
possessive) and object. The basic set of pronouns is used in independent and possessive contexts,
as well as in reflexive constructions. The overview of Guang pronoun systems shows that
Ginyanga falls into the typical Guang pattern. Possessive pronouns of the 1st (human) class
exhibit some irregularities when used with kinship terms. In some cases, the morphological
agreement pattern between a noun and its coreferential object pronoun can be violated on a
semantic basis, e. g. human referents of non-human noun classes. Additionally, there is some
variation in usage of object pronoun series by different consultants of different age groups,
which may be an indication of language change. There are two demonstratives, -balɪ “this” and
-bʊnʊ “that”, also subject to class agreement. In contrast to -balɪ, the demonstrative -bʊnʊ is
also used in relative clauses and can be anaphoric. The majority of quantifiers demonstrate no
class agreement. The only exceptions in our data are -kʊ “one” and kpɛkpɛ “each”.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant No. 17-78-20071.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

value: Niger-Congo

value: Kwa

value: Guang

value: noun class

value: noun morphology

value: pronouns

dc.title

value: Pronouns in Ginyanga

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Seleznev, Yurij V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Seleznev Yu. V. The Discourse of “Globalization” in Relation to the History of the Mongol Empire and the Golden Horde. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 211–229. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the first quarter of the 21st century, the verbal model of the Mongolian Empire as a “globalizing
power” firmly entered scholarly discourse. Modern processes of globalization are compelling
the study of similar manifestations in the past. The systematic method of historical modeling allows
you to create a verbal model describing globalization, for example, in the 13th century. Thus,
to introduce the concept of “globalization” in relation to the history of the Mongol Empire, the
provision on the worldwide nature of the political, economic and ideological structures of the
Genghisid state is used. The concept of “Mongolian/Horde globalism” is becoming widespread
in the modern discursive field. Thus, during 2006–2020, the concept of “Mongolian globalism”
became widespread not only in popular scientific works, but also in scientific articles and monographs.
It is quite natural and natural that the largest conquests of the Genghisids in history led
to the creation of a powerful state in which unified centralized control was established, including
over transcontinental trade routes. The unified management contributed to the security of
trade routes and, as a result, to the revival of trade and information exchange. Undoubtedly, the
trade aspect, which is most clearly traced in the economy of the Mongol Empire and the Golden
Horde, has a unifying and globalizing feature. However, its scientific assessment, as well as the
identification of the nature and essence of the “Mongolian phenomenon” requires more in-depth
research. The article explores the features of the formulated conceptual model, the accuracy and
significance of the concepts involved for all participants of the discursive field. As a result, it is
concluded that there is no reliable justification for the signs, forms and patterns of the development
of the phenomenon of “Mongolian globalization” at the moment.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Mongolian Empire

value: Pax Mongolica

value: globalization

value: Golden Horde

value: Genghis Khan

value: Genghisids


dc.contributor.author

value: Karachurina, Liliya B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karachurina, L. B. (2022). Urbanization and suburbanization: Which one determines population migration in Moscow Oblast? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 67 (2), 360–381. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper examines population migration to the Moscow Oblast. Moscow Oblast belongs to a
small number of Russia’s regions characterized by intensive and diverse population migration.
The region attracts migrants from other federal subjects of Russia as well as from abroad, there
are also a distinct migration flow to Moscow Oblast originating in Moscow and migration
within the borders of Moscow Oblast itself. The motives for migration are analyzed separately
for studied migration flows along with the factors of the region’s attractiveness for migrants,
the differences between migrant flows (moving to Moscow Oblast, moving within Moscow
Oblast and “non-mobile” population) are identified. The research was conducted with the
help of a specially designed questionnaire via SurveyMonkey platform. The study showed that
the “suburbanization” motives for migration related to ecological situation, privacy and monotonous
urban environment are not dominant even amongst groups of migrants who have
moved to villa communities and townhouses. The following factors indicating great importance for all groups of migrants were identified: the ratio between land price and distance from
the center of Moscow, access to the advantages of Moscow city’s labor market, service, and
leisure industry. In this context, we can imply that importance of the “urban logic” remains
high. Survey responses on the importance of location characteristics, as well as demographic
parameters show that the most peculiar population group is “non-mobile” population of
Moscow Oblast. Approximately 62 % of respondents from households that include those who
had migration experience are oriented to work or study in Moscow. The most “targeted” at the
capital are migrants who had moved to Moscow Oblast from Moscow.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work/article is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research
Program at the National Research University “Higher School of Economics (HSE University)”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 67; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: motives of migration

value: reasons for migration

value: migrant

value: respondent

value: housing migration

value: Moscow Oblast

value: migration attractiveness


dc.contributor.author

value: Luneva, Alexandra. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Luneva A. I. Political Myth about the Witch Calon Arang in the Novel “Manjali and Chakrabirava” by the Indonesian Author Ayu Utami. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 320–334. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.210 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the novel Manjali and Cakrabirawa (2010) by one of the most outstanding
modern Indonesian writers, Ayu Utami (born in 1968), whose philosophical and intellectual
work marked the beginning of a new era in Indonesian literature. The novel was not
translated into English and has not been the subject of research in Russia. Articles on the
topic are few and only deal with themes of gender studies and feminism. This article provides
an analysis of the interpretation of the plot-forming mythological layer of the novel. Utami
boldly raises the topic of political repression through mythological optics, offers her own view
on the construction of the image of a witch called Calon Arang, supposedly a political rival of
a historical figure — Raja Airlangga (1000–1049), the ruler of the Javanese-Balinese state of
Kediri (1042–1222). Calon Arang, nicknamed Rangda (“widow”), is a well-known character
in folklore, the story has many versions. The relevance of the article is due to the paradox of
the myth of Calon Arang: on the one hand, its characters and plot are well known to Indonesians
(primarily Javanese and Balinese), but on the other hand, the myth remains poorly
understood. Cultural-historical, comparative-typological and mythopoetic methods make it
possible to analyze the mythological images in her novel “Manjali and Cakrabirava”, which is,
as the events of the mythological plot of the 11th century, associated with political issues — the
struggle for power and the demonization of the opponent.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Ayu Utami

value: “Manjali and Cakrabirava”

value: Bali

value: Calon Arang

value: Indonesian literature

value: Indonesian folklore

value: 30 September Movement

dc.title

value: Article


title: India: Focus Africa?

dc.contributor.author

value: Sharapova, Aleksandra V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sharapova A. V. India: Focus Africa? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 366–380. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.213 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article touches upon India’s policy towards Africa. Since the Roman era Africa has always
caught the attention of developed countries, as the continent was an enormous field for
exploring, a complete terra incognita. Later a new wave of interest came as Africa possessed
abundant resources and had connections to commercial maritime routes: the Red Sea, the
Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean. Today India does its best not only to become
a trusted trade and political partner for African states, but also to win their sympathies.
For example, Indian leaders never tire of reminding that India — just like Africa — fought
against colonialism, thereby opposing itself to the former colonial empires and emphasizing
its common historical and cultural background with Africa. The author reviews Indian
foreign policy, diaspora influence, and Indian military presence on the continent. Meanwhile
some countries, for example the U.S. or Japan, remain wary of Chinese wide-spreading influence,
especially in Africa, where a new Chinese military base was recently built. In that regard
new alliances are forming, the balance of power is shifting. A comparative analysis of Indian,
Chinese, and U.S. policy towards Africa was carried out, considering the prospects of international
relations between Africa and its key partners.

dc.subject

value: India

value: Africa

value: China

value: USA

value: foreign policy

value: cooperation

value: soft power

value: diaspora

value: history of international relations

value: India: Focus Africa?


dc.contributor.author

value: Guleva, Maria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guleva M. A. The Main Trends in the Development of Non-state Education in the People's Republic of China in the 21st Century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 176–192. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Since the beginning of the 21st century, educating a population capable to ensure high growth
rates and to improve qualitative characteristics has become crucial for modern China. The Chinese authorities proclaimed science and education to be the “foundation” of socialist
modernization and the “root” of further development of the Chinese society. To deepen the
transformation in education initiated under the policies of reform and opening up, China’s
educational system has come a long way. Until recently, the main focus for the authorities was
the public education system. The private education sector, although formally enjoying political
support from the state, nevertheless developed rather chaotically. Economic reforms in the
country created the preconditions for increasing educational demand of the population not
only for public but also private education, which was facilitated by a number of factors, including
growth of welfare and urbanization. However, the development of the sphere of nongovernmental
education had pronounced regional specifics, so it occurred rather unevenly.
Recently, the development of private educational institutions has become one of the areas, on
which the authorities have actively started working on. The article provides an overview of the
development of private education in China, touches on the problems and peculiarities of the
development of the private education sector, the impact of the pandemic, prerequisites and the
upcoming reforms in the industry in the nearest future.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

value: private education

value: minban

value: non-state educational institutions

value: reforms

value: pandemic


dc.contributor.author

value: Dmitriev, Ruslan V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dmitriev, R. V. (2022). Formation of the settlement hierarchy: Zipf ’s law vs Central place theory. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 67 (2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study compares the possibilities and advantages of forming the settlement hierarchy according
to Zipf and according to Christaller, starting from the first stages of the settlement systems
development. The author found that the minimum number of hierarchy levels required
to start the formation of the Christaller distribution, bypassing the Zipf distribution stage, for
small values of the urbanization level was two: the first one, represented by one central place,
and the level of rural settlements. With virtually the same possibilities of forming a hierarchy
according to Zipf and according to Christaller at its initial stages in relation to the share of
urban population, the advantages of the latter give large values of the maximum share of each
central place in the population of the area it serves and lower costs of the system for the redistribution
of the population between the existing settlements and the settlements emerging
at a certain stage of evolution. At the same time, with an increase in the share of the urban
population, the correspondence of the real rank-size distribution of cities to the ideal one (according
to Zipf) decreases. The author established that the distribution according to Zipf and
according to Christaller is a kind of two “immiscible liquids”: if the first is based on stochastic
processes, then the second is based on non-random, even deterministic ones. The transition
of the settlement system from the distribution according to Zipf to the hierarchy according to
Christaller is a rather weak construct in the methodological and logical respect.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was supported within state assignments of the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy
of Sciences (АААА-А19-119022190170-1 (FMGE-2019-0008)) and the Institute for African Studies,
Russian Academy of Sciences (I222021500170-8). The research methodology was developed within the state
assignment of the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; the calculations were performed
within the state assignment of the Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 67; Issue 1

value: Central place theory

value: Zipf ’s law

value: settlement hierarchy

value: stochastic process

value: deterministic process

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sokolov, Oleg A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sokolov O. A. Unsheathing Poet’s Sword Again: The Crusades in Arabic Anticolonial Poetry before 1948. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 335–351. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.211

dc.description.abstract

value:
Both Arab and Western scholars agree that, starting in the mid-20th century, the correlation
of Western Europeans with the Crusaders and the extrapolation of the term “Crusade” to
modern military conflicts have become an integral part of modern Arab political discourse,
and are also widely reflected in Arab culture. The existence of works examining references to
the theme of the Crusades in Arab social thought, politics, and culture of the second half of
the 20th century contrasts with the almost complete absence of specialized studies devoted
to the analysis of references to this historical era in Arab culture in the 19th century and first
half of the 20th. An analysis of references to the era of the Crusades in the work of Arab
poets before 1948 shows that, already in the period of the Arab Revival, this topic occupied
an important place in the imagery of anti-colonial poetry, and not only in Egypt, Syria, and
Palestine, historically attacked by the Crusaders, but also in other regions of the Arab world.
If, before World War I, Arab poets only praised the commanders of the past who defeated the
Crusaders, then afterwards the theme of the Crusades was also used to liken the European
colonialists to the “medieval Franks”. The authors of the poems containing images from the era
of the Crusades were, among others, the participants of the Arab Uprising of 1936–1939 and
the Arab-Israeli War of 1947–1949, who set their goal with the help of poetry to mobilize the
masses for the struggle.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Crusades

value: Arabic poetry

value: nationalism

value: Arab Revival

value: anticolonial struggle


dc.contributor.author

value: Porshnev, Valeriy P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Porshnev V. P. 2022. Musaeum Kircherianum in the history of museum work during the Baroque epoch. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 16–38. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The museum, named after its founder A. Kircher, is not sufficiently appreciated by museum
historians in this country, limited only to brief characteristics of this cultural phenomenon
of the Baroque era. The exposition of the museum was a complete author’s model of the Universe,
a world of metaphors and symbols generated by the mystical worldview of A. Kircher.
A world far from physical reality, despite the fact that its creator knew and took into account
the main scientific discoveries of that time. The evaluation of this museum should not be
based on A. Kircher’s contribution to natural sciences and humanities, but by the way the
interior was decorated, how artfully the exhibits were selected and presented, how masterfully
the visual and sound effects were thought out. In addition, historians do not sufficiently connect
the museum with the extensive written heritage of A. Kircher, who previously outlined
his model of the world order in a series of illustrated folios, which together formed a virtual
museum, transformed by the author into the Musaeum Kircherianum, replacing book illustrations
with an objective row. The sources of the proposed reconstruction of the museum are
cosmological, scientific, linguistic and historical works of A. Kircher, notes of travelers, and
museum catalogues of 1678–1878.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: A. Kircher

value: L. Bernini

value: Baroque

value: Jesuits

value: Musaeum Kircherianum

value: obelisks

value: collections

value: magnetism

value: theatre of metaphors


dc.contributor.author

value: Bugaeva, Lyubov D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bugaeva, Lyubov. “The Soviet Past on the Post-Soviet Screen”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 243–258. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
A popular and widespread theme in contemporary Russian cinema and television is the Soviet
past reconstructed with various degrees of accuracy. This “documentary desire” aspires
not only to access historical reality through visual representations of Soviet life in the 1960s,
1970s, or 1980s, but to use Soviet images as an instrument for emotional manipulation of the
viewer by evoking or creating “memories” for those who do not have the Soviet experience.
The article focuses on strategies, from the “visual document” to the “factory of memories,” that
are used to present the Soviet past on the small and large screens. It is interesting to consider
the purpose of recycling the Soviet theme. Addressing the past does not necessarily constitute
nostalgia; it could be a glimpse into the future, or rather, a construction of the future through
the past. The viewer, involved in the “make-believe” strategy, not only begins to believe that
the events shown on screen took place in reality, but also that the source of information about
those events is reliable. The cinematic “picture” either creates an image of the Soviet past or
replaces the existing conception in the viewer’s mind. Interestingly though, the study of TV
series about the Soviet past demonstrates that the rejection of the inevitability of the traumatic
experience of tragic moments in Soviet history may paradoxically contribute to finding alternative
solutions for social conflicts in the present and in the future, and this is what these TV
series aspire to do.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research leading to this paper was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation:
Project no. 19-18-00414 “Soviet Culture Today (Forms of Cultural Recycling in Russian Art and Aesthetics
of the Everyday Life. 1990s–2010s)”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Soviet past

value: post-Soviet cinema and television

value: biopic

value: historical film

value: TV series

value: recycling

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Torbik, Vladimir S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Torbik, Vladimir. “On the Maintenance and Restoration of the Furniture of the Elaginoostrovsky Palace”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 396–409. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using an analysis of archival documents, this article considers methods of preserving items
of furniture decoration during operation throughout the 19th century. The process of selecting
craftsmen for producing works on the preservation of furniture in proper condition on
the basis of tenders is described. A description of the trading conditions is given. The basic
methods of furniture finishing are revealed. A method of furniture surface treatment, named
“with strong vodka” is described. It was the method of the surface treatment of the furniture
with the nitric acid solution followed by heating of the surface. This method had been rather
often used in the furniture making in the first half of the 19th century. Also there are presented
documents that allow you to see the attitude towards upholstery and upholstery materials.
Among these methods could be met replacement of the upholstery fabric, using of the back
side for the facial surface, cutting of the old curtains for the upholstery of the furniture and
some others, including a moire tip when repainting fabrics. The interiors of the palace were
not rebuilt during the 19th century, however, the furniture required constant repairs and the introduction of new items into the interior, if necessary. Also, the above documents show how
the interiors were equipped with furniture that came from furniture craftsmen or a furniture
warehouse. The above materials reveal a picture of a very difficult life of an object in time, and
also introduces documents into scientific circulation that make it possible to make clarifications
in the attribution of furniture items.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Elaginoostrovsky palace

value: furniture

value: polishing

value: furniture “burnt with vodka”

value: upholstery

value: furniture craftsmen

value: auction


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasileva, Elena N.

value: Monastyrskaia, Marina E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasileva, Elena, and Marina Monastyrskaia. “Tsarskoye Selo Military Necropolis in the Cultural and Historical Context of the Development of Sofia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 319–363. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the actual for St Petersburg agglomeration problem of preserving and
using specialized objects of landscape architecture-historically equipped cemeteries, some of
which have the status of a historical and cultural monument. The solution of this problem
involves conducting interdisciplinary studies of these architectural and planning forms in
order to establish their real value. There are objects the oldest cemeteries of the Pushkin district
— Alexandrovskoye, Kuzminskoye, Moskovskaya Slavyanka, Pavlovskoye, Pokrovskoye,
Shusharskoye and the most studied and therefore well-known to the Kazanskoye urban community
in Pushkin (Tsarskoye Selo). The emergence and functioning of the latter is related to
the cultural, historical and urban development of Tsarskoye Selo Sofia. The article presents
the results of historical, architectural, urban planning and cultural researches carried out by
the authors using a significant number of primary sources: textual, iconographic, statistical,
cartographic and planographic archival documents, a large volume of which was first introduced
into scientific circulation. The result of the work was the identification of the military
memorial object of national significance — the Tsarskoye Selo military necropolis as an independent
architectural and planning form of special purpose. The features of its formation are
determined as part of cemeteries of the Tsarskoye Selo Military Hospital (mid-19th century),
the Tsarskoye Selo military Cemetery (1887), the new cemetery of the Tsarskoye Selo garrison
(1914) and the Tsarskoye Selo Fraternal Cemetery (1914). The specifics of its institutionalization
and design and construction implementation, the patterns of spatial organization and
architectural and landscape design, the trends of modern use are established. The study is
carried out taking into account the phenomenology of the gradotypological transformation of
Tsarskoye Selo Sofia: the district city of the St Petersburg province, the paramilitary suburb of
Tsarskoye Selo, the prestigious residential district of Pushkin.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 2

value: architectural and planning form

value: military memorial object

value: military graves

value: Kazan cemetery

value: cultural heritage

value: Pushkin (Tsarskoye Selo)

value: Sofia

value: Tsarskoye Selo Fraternal cemetery

value: Tsarskoye Selo military necropolis


title: Photography: To the Problem of Thing

dc.contributor.author

value: Vasilyeva, Ekaterina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasilyeva, Ekaterina. “Photography: To the Problem of Thing”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 275–294. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyzes the problem of image and object in photography. The study proceeds
from the assumption that the presentation of a thing implies its special status in photography.
The article considers the position of things in photography as a semantic and ideological
problem. A photographic demonstration of an object can be interpreted as a special pictorial
strategy. The thing is the condition of the shot: a photography is impossible without an object.
The problem of the relationship between photography and things looks like a large-scale
contradiction. Photography fundamentally changes the object both visually and qualitatively.
Acquiring the status of an image, a thing loses its material qualities. The object in the frame
is deprived not only of its practical meaning — it loses its subject program. From a three-dimensional
object, a thing turns into an ephemeral and phantom unit. The thing as a given
experience in photography becomes an illusion. The constituted qualities of the subject are
lost in the frame. In photography, a thing becomes a false distorted image, an element of a
deceptive perception of the world. The subject in the photograph is an ephemeral entity, an
imaginary and non-existent phantom. The frame verifies the presence of the object and, at the
same time, endows the meaning of the authentic that which is not. Within the framework of
this study, it is important that the status of a thing in photography is not only possessed by an
object with strict outlines and boundaries. The disembodied and formless acquire the quality
of an object in photography. The study draws attention to the fact that photography turns the
world into a set of units, where the quality of a thing is possessed not only by the object, but
also by the surrounding space.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: theory of photography

value: photography

value: object

value: thing

value: entity

value: space

value: formless

dc.title

value: Photography: To the Problem of Thing

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rumyantseva, Alina V.

value: Malkova, Liliana Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rumyantseva, Alina, and Liliana Malkova. “‘Rigoletto’: Variety of Screen Forms and Specifics of Staging Solutions for Classical Opera in Cinema and on Television”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 259–274. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In domestic science there is a perception that today’s opera, under the pressure of massification,
simultaneously tries to preserve the elusive traditions of “high” art and lowers the bar to the
level of mass culture, while the availability of technological possibilities of transferring opera to
the screen is not able to change the preferences of the mass audience, unable to perceive it adequately.
It cannot be denied that in the 21st century an uninitiated mass audience’s perception of
classical opera is largely formed on the basis of screen representations of musical drama. In this
context, the analysis of the applied staging solutions in cinema and television in the incarnation
of opera, which includes the determination of the components that are necessary for the qualitative
screen representation of musical drama, becomes a relevant subject for scientific research.
In this article, which is dedicated to 170th anniversary of Giuseppe Verdi’s opera Rigoletto, an
attempt is made to analyze four screen forms of one musical drama different from each other
with the aim to reveal variability of staging solutions used for the realization of classical opera
on TV and in cinema. The specific features of cinematographic and television representation of
musical drama influencing the actualization and popularization of opera in the modern screen
space are revealed within different genre frames (film-opera, TV version of musical drama, live
TV film, musical TV contest). The author identifies the central figure in the latter processes the
director-director, a professional in the field of television, who understands the fundamental laws
and staging techniques of musical theater, the expressive means of cinematography.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: opera

value: screen expression

value: film-opera

value: musical TV-contest

value: opera TV-directing

value: Rigoletto

value: Giuseppe Verdi


dc.contributor.author

value: Limanskaya, Lyudmila Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Limanskaya, Lyudmila. “Raphael and Pirro Ligorio — Historical and Philological Descriptions and Archaeological Studies of the Architecture of Ancient Rome in the 16th century”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 364–379. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The difficulty of comprehending artistic terminology in the Renaissance was associated with
the activities of humanist philologists and scholarly antiquarians. Interest in antiquity was inherent in artists and architects. Around the archaeological work of Raphael, Ligorio, associations
of learned humanists were organized, which accompanied their archaeological research
with philological clarifications. The functions of archeology were combined with the need to
check the terms, with the help of a visual, graphically reconstructed monument, which, as a
rule, came down with losses. In this regard, scientists had to use their erudition and ingenuity
to display the ruined monument in its entirety. An example of such a field of activity is printed
graphics, which allows depicting monuments graphically and accompanying illustrations with
albums of antiquities, replicating images of individual works of art. Such was the direction
of the printing workshop of comrade Rafael Marcantonio Raimondi. A number of works by
Marcantonio, as well as engravings by Agostino Veneziano and Marco Dente, were made from
drawings by Raphael. Some of the drawings were related to Raphael’s archaeological interests,
such as the engraving of the Laocoön group (1519) by Marco Dente. Among philologists,
after the publication of P. Bembo’s treatise “Discourses in Prose on the Folk Language” (1525),
where in the second part of the treatise the author proposed to strictly follow the style of
Petrarch and Boccaccio, a controversy flared up about the literary language, as the humanists
held different points of view, to the term “volgare” (“folk”). Discussions on this topic were
reflected in the association of humanists “Accademia degli Sdegnati” (1541–1545), which was
joined by P. Ligorio, who, like Raphael, accompanied his studies with etymological clarifications,
graphic representations and archaeological maps.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: graphics

value: reconstructions

value: antiquity

value: art

value: terms

value: humanism

value: philology

value: archeology


dc.contributor.author

value: Borovkova, Natalia V.

value: Pilipenko, Anastasiya R.

value: Yakimaha, Mar’ya N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Borovkova, Natalia, Anastasiya Pilipenko, and Mar’ya Yakimaha. “From England to Russia: Fluorite Vases from the Second Half of the 18th — Beginning of the 19th Centuries”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 380–395. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores English stone-cutting products of the 18th century from Blue John fluorite.
The objects of research are items from the Mining Museum collection. The authors have
identified a wide range of analogues from various collections of Russian and European museums,
auction houses. The article considers the history of the development of stone-cutting
production from Blue John fluorite; possible stone-cutting workshops have been identified. In
the study determined the technical and technological features of the manufacture of fluorite
products in England at the end of the 18th century. The article deals with issues of attribution
and reconstruction of museum items using 3D-visualization. The technical and technological
features of fluorite processing and the technology for producing art objects was clarified
thanks to the involvement of the laboratory base of the Center for Collective Use of the Mining
University. A chemical study was carried out on samples of the substance used to stabilize
the stone material of objects. On the basis a wide visual range the appearance of the destroyed
vases was restored using 3D-technologies and the places of loss in objects from the Mining
Museum were supplemented. The use of modern technological innovations made it possible
to restore the appearance of monuments with unsatisfactory preservation and include objects
of the 18th century. into scientific circulation. A significant corpus of archival documents has
been revealed, giving an idea of the sources and methods of entry of items from English fluorite
into the collection of the Mining Museum. The results obtained allowed us to change
the idea of the formation of the collection of the Mining Museum; to supplement previously
known information about the production of fluorite objects of arts and crafts in England.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: English fluorite

value: Boulton

value: Valadier

value: reconstruction

value: Blue John

value: collection of the Mining Museum

value: applied arts

value: Agisoft Metashape

value: Blender

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sarycheva, Kristina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sarycheva K. V. 2022. On the problem of museumification of the Russian literary language. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 4–15. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the issue of museumification and exposure of the language, the future
museum of the Russian literary language, its main subject, aims and functions. The author of
the article proposes to consider the Russian literary language as an intangible object of culture,
which has a certain structure, stable elements and which is a carrier of cultural memory associated
with social and historical processes. The Russian literary language can be museumified,
become an object of conservation, study and popularization in a museum. The Russian
literary language can be preserved in the museum by creating descriptions of museum items,
with the emphasis on the history of the language, organizing the work of the museum exposition,
and by holding museum events. The exposition is proposed to be built on those museum
items (manuscripts, typescripts, books, audio, video recordings, pictorial materials) that are
in storage of the funds of the Vladimir Dahl State Literary Museum, grouped in such a way
that the emphasis is on the linguistic phenomena. The article provides examples of language
museums and language exhibits. Most language museums are primarily aimed at drawing the
attention of visitors to the history and modern use of the language. They are built on interactive
materials that allow you to communicate with the public. The Museum of the Russian
Language will take into account the experience of other language museums and expositions.
Unlike other museums, it will focus on the language of Russian literature as a variant of the
language. The museum, relying on the study of the language of literature, will demonstrate
the work of authors with the language, their participation in the development of the language. The museum will be aimed at communication with the visitor, at their interaction with the
language of Russian literature.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: language

value: literature

value: museum

value: musemification

value: exposure

value: museum object

value: exposition

value: Russian literary language


dc.contributor.author

value: Sołkiewicz-Kos, Nina

value: Kazhar, Nina V.

value: Zadworny, Mariusz

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sołkiewicz-Kos, Nina, Nina Kazhar, and Mariusz Zadworny. “Project of Revalorization and Extension of the Historic Monastery Complex of St Sigismund’s Parish in Częstochowa (Poland) — A Case Study”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 2 (2022): 295–318. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2022.205

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article presents theoretical problems related to the renovation of historic buildings in
Europe of the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. They concern the
creation of scientifically justified concepts and methods of renovation aimed at preserving the
authenticity and historical significance of monuments. Historical architectural developments,
including buildings from different eras, determine the individual appearance of historic European
cities. Architectural monuments allow one to become aware of the originality of culture
and character traits of each nation. Therefore, in the context of globalization, the study, protection
and use of historical objects is one of the factors shaping the national self-awareness.
Practical activities related to the adaptation of historical cultural space to contemporary needs
were discussed on the example of the revalorization of a 15th-century religious complex located
in the historic area of the city of Częstochowa in Poland. This area, called the “Old Town”,
is one of the main elements of the compositional canvas of the town’s urban layout (beginning
of the 19th century). The revalorization of the St Sigismund church complex together with the
monastery buildings, due to the importance for the urban layout of the city, as well as due to its
historical, cultural and religious significance, constituted an essential challenge for designers,
archaeologists, historians and local authorities.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 2

value: architecture

value: architectural heritage

value: revalorization of historical structures

value: urban revitalization

value: civil engineering


dc.contributor.author

value: Rebrov, Sergey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rebrov S. A. Louis Althusser’s critique of the political theory. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2022, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 199–214. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2022.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes various projects of hybridization of materialism and political theory in one
conceptual system. Special attention is paid to the critical analysis of the phenomenon of economic
materialism of the 19th century, which for a long time remained the only example of a materialistic
analysis of politics. The subsequent development of materialism that became a new
limit of economic determinism, put new problems in the context of the capabilities of materialistic
policy. The author proposes to follow the argument of the French philosopher Louis Althusser as
a philosophy of aleatory materialism created by the thinker himself, including to substantiate the
variations of materialistic understanding of the political. The article consistently disassembled the
prerequisites for the crisis of the Marxist economic interpretation of history, which, at the original
stage of its own formation, had extremely few common with philosophical materialism. The further
struggle of new materialists with the idea of a universal explanatory principle ultimately allowed
them to create a new type of philosophical knowledge that is not related to the idea of universal
history. The focus in this case is chained to the political aspect of Althusser’s Materialism regarding
the theory of conjuncture as a genuine object of any materialistic politics. Finally, the author
compares aleatory materialism with a number of other directions of post-modern materialistic
ontology, whose representatives direct their own criticism towards the anthropological component
of the political theory, which, however, leads to the denial of this discipline in principle. Thus, it is
Althuserianism that in couple with Schmitterism, are the only examples of a successful project to
create a materialistic theory of politics.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 18; Issue 2

value: materialism

value: aleatory materialism

value: political theory

value: сontingency

value: economism

value: Marxism

value: Althussser

value: Althuserianism

value: political

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Martyanov, Denis S.

value: Lukyanova, Galina V.

value: Budko, Diana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Martyanov D. S., Lukyanova G. V., Budko D. A. Internet platforms as a factor of emotional discourse of vigilants communities. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2022, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 151–168. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article identifies similarities and differences in emotional discourse in the communication of
subscribers of vigilante Internet resources located on different technological platforms. As part
of this study, API was used to upload comments over the past two years to materials posted in
typical vigilante communities (Vkontakte API — “Lev Vs”, “StopHam”, “Piggy vs”, “Anti-dealer”;
YouTube API — the most popular videos “Lev Vs”, “StopHam”, “Piggy vs”, “Sober Yard”). The
sample size was 169,923 comments on Vkontakte and 175,096 comments on YouTube. The
emoticon emoji served as the unit of analysis. Fixing the amount of emojis used was implemented
with the assistance of a special Python script. Based on available data, a network analysis was carried out using the Gephi program (Frushterman — Reingold layout). The authors concluded
that it is not the goal direction of the vigilante group, but the communication tool that
becomes the most important factor for the formation of a paralinguistic emotional discourse.
Vigilante media, presented in the form of public and channels, act as mass media, and viewers
and readers of their communities are the audience consuming this information. This argument
is confirmed by the constant use of emojis that emphasize the “entertainment” of the presented
content. Thus, most often, representatives of vigilante communities form not adherents who are
ready to take part in their actions, but consumers.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research and EISR according
to the research project no. 21-011-31445 “Digital vigilantism and the practice of forming public values:
the capture of a networked civil society?”

dc.subject

value: vigilantism

value: digital vigilantism

value: emotions

value: collective emotions social fact

value: paralinguistic discourse

value: public sphere

value: echo chamber

value: internet activism


dc.contributor.author

value: Filatova, Olga G.

value: Chugunov, Andrey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filatova O. G., Chugunov A. V. Development of the E-participation ecosystem in Russia in the early 2020s: The role of social media and regional governance centers. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2022, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 120–137. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2022.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores the process of creating a centralized system that ensures processing opinions
and claims against regional and municipal officials expressed by citizens in social networks,
which began in 2020. Previous research by the authors, devoted to a comprehensive study of
Russian systems that ensure interaction of authorities with citizens, revealed six channels of
electronic participation at the regional and municipal levels. However, the development of social
networks and the emergence of new technologies for involving citizens in public policy have
created preconditions for the transformation of e-participation systems. This is reflected both
in scientific research and in practice — for example, in the Russian Federation in 2020, a new
channel of electronic participation began. A network of Regional Governance Centers (RGC)
has been created and is developing, one of the components of which is the “Incident Management”
system, which allows real-time monitoring of the reaction of users in social networks and
ensures the processing of messages or claims of citizens to the authorities. In this regard, it
became necessary to further assess the contribution of social networks to the development of
the e-participation ecosystem and the place in it of the centralized channels served by the SDG
system. The article presents two pilot SDG analyzes conducted by the authors, which made it
possible to identify heterogeneity among new structures in terms of institutional affiliation and
regional specifics of activities in the social network VKontakte. The important criteria in the
issue of measuring efficiency, in the opinion of the authors, are efficiency, the degree of citizen
involvement, the fact of solving an incoming problem, organizational and regulatory support of
work processes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (RSF) as part of a project
no. 22-18-00364 “Institutional Transformation of E-Participation Governance in Russia: a Study of
Regional Peculiarities”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: social media

value: e-participation

value: ecosystem approach

value: Regional Governance Center

value: feedback platform


dc.contributor.author

value: Sergeev, Sergey A.

value: Kuznetsova, Alexandra V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sergeev S. A., Kuznetsova A. V. Shards of shattered world: Neo-Stalinists and neo- Trotskyists in modern Russia. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2022, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 169–182. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2022.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the emergence, development, and current state of two Russian radical leftist
groups often overlooked by political scholars of Russia: neo-Trotskyists and neo-Stalinists. The
genesis of the neo-Trotskyist and neo-Stalinist parties and groups was of a different nature. The
neo-Trotskyist movements and groups (Revolutionary Workers’ Party, Russian Socialist Movement,
Socialist Alternative) originated from below, under the influence of international Trotskyist
organizations, and consist mainly of young people. Most of these are organizations of democratic
socialists that maintain a connection with the Marxist tradition. The neo-Stalinist parties,
conversely, emerged as a result of the collapse of the CPSU (All-Union Communist Party of the
Bolsheviks, Russian Communist Workers’ Party) or the secession from the Communist Party of
the Russian Federation (Communist Party “Communists of Russia”, United Communist Party). The
authors also analyze the factors that contribute to the marginalization of the Russian radical left.
The socio-economic state of the Russian society is far from a severe economic crisis, which could
have contributed to the popularity of left-wing radicalism. The demographic factor contributes to
the decline of neo-Stalinist parties, but has little effect on neo-Trotskyist groups. The orientation
towards the maximum preservation of the status quo, which is an imperative to Russian domestic
policy also influences the marginalization of the Russian radical left. Perhaps one of the main
factors blocking the development of the radical left in Russia is the adherence of a significant part
of them to the Soviet experience and their ignorance of the experience of the Western left. The
devotion to the Soviet experience allows the Russian left, both moderate and radical, to maintain
its social base, however prevents them from keeping up to date and proposing new goals and
new tactics to achieve them.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(project no. 19-011-00198 “Evolution of radical left parties, movements and groups in France, Spain,
Greece, Russia and Canada in 2007-2018: a comparative analysis”).

dc.subject

value: left radicals

value: communism

value: Trotskyism

value: neo-Stalinism

value: Left front

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Parma, Roman V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Parma R. V. Attitude of Russian youth to the state policy of regulation of digital communications. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2022, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 138–150. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article measures the attitude of Russian youth towards state-imposed restrictions on the
dissemination of information on the Internet, social media, and instant messengers, based on
the level of media consumption and threats of destructive influence. Based on an online survey
of the target audience, security problems of the digital communications environment, in which
illegal and immoral content is widespread, are identified. The study substantively defines the attitude
of young people to the creation of a “sovereign Internet” and a digital profile of a Russian
citizen, to the introduction of a social rating, the “right to be forgotten”, and personal identification
of users, to the prohibition of fake news and insults to the authorities. Also, the attitude of young
people to the blocking of digital resources by state bodies, in particular the Telegram messenger,
is discussed. The author defines the ratio of supporters of the introduction of severe restrictions,
supporters of electoral restrictions and opponents of restrictions among young users of digital
communications. In addition, the study revealed the preferences of young people regarding possible
regulators of the rules of conduct in the digital environment. Based on the results of the
study, it was concluded that the online environment is not perceived by young people as a safe
space for everyday activity. Most of respondents regularly encounter various negative effects of
network structures. At the same time, the introduction of more stringent Internet regulation is a
debatable issue. Young people are inclined to support only several initiatives, critically evaluating
the politicization of this process, perceiving it as a mechanism for strengthening state control over
society. Given the high heterogeneity of the modern “digital generation”, the author actualizes the
problem of manipulative influence and external information threats.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and EISR
according to the research project no. 21-011-33041.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: digital communications

value: digital environment

value: government policy

value: regulation of relations

value: sovereign Internet

value: online

value: offline

value: youth


dc.contributor.author

value: Achkasov, Valery A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Achkasov V. A. Why do Russians need the status of a “state-forming people”? Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2022, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 215–224. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2022.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses possible political consequences of the introduction of the following novella:
Russians are a “state-forming people”, tied to the Russian language, into Article 68 of
the Russian Federation Constitution. This amendment turns the author of the Constitution, the
“multinational people of Russia”, into a “multinational union of peoples”, where, notwithstanding
a formal equality, the “state-forming” people predominates. As a result, in Russia there are
“non-state-forming peoples” who speak other languages and compose over a quarter of the
population. Most for thousands of years have resided on their native lands, which were included
(often by the use of force) into the Russian Empire no more than 200–250 years ago. It seems
they can claim to have participated in the “formation” of this common state not to a lesser degree
than the Russians, who were suddenly given the status of a “state-forming” people. This
amendment is clearly populist in nature, representing an example of legal nonsense. In addition, its adoption does not change anything for the position of the Russian majority, causing so far
only dull irritation among representatives of the political elites and open protest of the intellectual
elites of other peoples of Russia. Each change to the Basic Law must be carefully considered
and absolutely necessary, and at the same time lead to the consolidation of the peoples of
Russia, and not to their separation. Further, the article analyzes the issue of some foundations
for the stability of the Russian state.

value: Russians

value: state-forming people

value: Russian imperial nationalism

value: legal nonsense

value: a sense of national dignity

value: national self-determination


dc.contributor.author

value: Sizova, Irina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sizova I. A. 2022. Monetizing online museum products: Mechanisms, strategies, and examples. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 140–148. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The quarantine and post-quarantine restrictions have forced museums to pay close attention
to digital content. Initially, this was done to maintain their audience and public interest, and
after that, they began to think about monetizing these products. Monetizing digital content
can help them recover lost revenue. Monetization of online museum products refers to the
process of converting free or paid online products and services developed by museums themselves
or in collaboration with developers. In this article, the author identifies mechanisms
and strategies for monetizing museum online products that can also apply to museums in
modern times. The case study was the main method of analysis. Four possible methods for
monetizing museum online products were identified as a result of the study. Several factors
should be considered before developing museum online products. In addition, six strategies
for monetizing virtual initiatives were identified, whose development must take into account
such factors as time, human and material resources of the museum as well as the uniqueness
and quality of the content. Therefore, we can conclude that the introduction of monetization
was a difficult process for museums, accompanied by a number of problems related to the distribution of time and significant human resources, as well as financial costs; lack of motivation
for museum staff; using outdated software; the dual nature of the online product, which works
both outside the museum and draws visitors directly into the museum halls.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The publication was prepared within the framework of HSE Basic Research Program in 2021.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 13; Issue 1

value: museum

value: monetization

value: online product

value: strategy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Korneeva, Anastasiia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korneeva A. A. 2022. Revealing of the present condition of the literary museums network in Russia, and analyzing peculiar properties of work on a block of articles about the regions for the encyclopedia Literary Museums of Russia. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 149–156. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the problem of preparing a block of articles about the regions for the
encyclopedia Literary Museums of Russia, which is being developed by the Vladimir Dahl
Russian State Literary Museum with the support of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. The process of preparation for the work is described: existing studies on this topic
are analyzed, their deficiencies are revealed. The author develops and demonstrates the structure
of an encyclopedia article about a region, which implies an integrated approach, and
highlights its main parts with brief characteristics of their content. The features of work on
each part of the article are considered: existing sources are described, and troublesome places
are indicated. The article analyzes the sources of statistical data, including the existing system
of statistical observation, and identifies their gaps, shortcomings and weaknesses that make
it difficult to conduct a complete and comprehensive analysis and don’t allow to fully identify
the total number of museums; the decisions taken in this regard are described. It is revealed
how the general population of literary museums was formed (museums recorded in the dictionary
of the encyclopedia, as well as identified in the course of work). The territorial distribution
(present condition) and the main quantitative parameters of museums of this profile
by regions of the country are presented, taking into account all possible museums of this
profile group by type of owner (state and non-state). The most developed regional networks
of literary museums are identified, and a rating of regions is compiled indicating the number
of museums; regions where there is no network of literary museums are designated. The total
number of museums of this profile is revealed, the data are compared with 2016.

dc.subject

value: museum network

value: literary museum

value: network of literary museums

value: encyclopedia

value: museum statistics


dc.contributor.author

value: Vivatenko, Sergey V.

value: Sivolap, Tatyana E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vivatenko S. V., Sivolap T. E. 2022. Museum restitution problems: The cases of the Grosz and Flechtheim families against the New York Museum of Modern Art. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 157–163. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.112 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The relevance of the topic raised in this article is justified by the importance of the issue of restitution
of cultural property after the Second World War and the interest it arouses in society at the current stage of development. During the time that has passed since the defeat of Nazi
Germany, many former owners of works of art, from whom the Nazis requisitioned their collections,
have regained their artifacts. The process of restitution continues up to the present.
The idea of restitution arose from the idea of protecting cultural property from encroachment.
And if shortly after the war, the families of former owners of works of art tried to return their
art property from private collectors, now lawsuits are usually directed against museums. One
of the well-known restitution cases in recent years is the lawsuit against the New York Museum
of Modern Art, which is an attempt to return family values by the descendants of the
German artist Georg Grosz and collector Alfred Flechtheim. Dispute resolution has not yet
been brought to its logical conclusion. The purpose of the article is to establish the problems of
returning the lost cultural property that was illegally acquired by the Nazis during the Second
World War and sold to museums, as well as to private collectors. Today, many of these works
of art are owned by American collectors or museums. The descendants of repressed cultural
figures who suffered from the Nazi regime demand the restoration of their rights, through the
restitution of art artefacts or compensation for lost works of art.

dc.subject

value: restitution

value: works of art

value: Nazis

value: claims

value: lost collections

value: museums

value: private collections


dc.contributor.author

value: Antanovich, Nina A.

value: Slutskaya, Liudmila V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Antanovich N. A., Slutskaya L. V. Political science (“politology”) as an academic discipline and applied specialty at the Belarusian State University. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2022, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 183–198. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2022.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the formation and development of political science as an academic discipline
and applied specialty at Belarusian State University. The development of the specialty “Political
Science” (“Politology”) at BSU, and specificities of training specialists as “politician — lawyer”, are
key themes. We show that this qualification ensured the professionalization of the teaching of political
science in Belarus and aimed at solving domestic and foreign policy issues of the Belarusian
state and the political system as a whole. The training of specialists in political and legal activities
facilitated the formation of skills of analytical support for government bodies to solvepressing issues. The development of the Political Science Department of the Faculty of Law at BSU focused
on problems of public policy and administration. The main directions of the political research included
comprehension of a number traditional and modern issues, which the Belarusian political
science faces, including: the problem of the correlation between the universal and the unique in
the development of political science; dialectical comprehension of the political and administrative
components in public administration, of domestic and foreign policy processes, “erosion of state
sovereignty”, “softening of border regimes”, versus strengthening the sovereign state, protecting
its security, and ideological substantiation of the values of national-state development; internal
political processes consideration through the prism of globalization and the digital transformation;
identification of mechanisms for the formation of political problems, their setting on the “policy
agenda”, of mechanisms for the transformation of the social issues into political, the struggle for
the production and control of information; research of the normative value systems formation; rethinking
democracy, and mechanisms for legitimizing power; identification of “points of inclusion”
of ethical and regional issues in politics. The current trend in the Political Science development in
Belarus is the transition from disciplinary isolation to interdisciplinary synthesis.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: political science

value: Belarusian State University — BSU

value: department of political science

value: qualification politician — lawyer

value: educational system

value: interdisciplinarity

value: public administration

value: political system

value: political process

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Hilton, Ita

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hilton I. Reimagining the Prophet: Teiresias as Comedian and Sophist in Euripides’ Bacchae. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.101

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyses the role of the prophet Teiresias in the Bacchae of Euripides in the particular
context of sophistic influence. It views the originality of the prophet’s depiction as reflective
of Euripides’ creative self-consciousness within an agonistic genre that relied on the malleability
of ancient myth, particularly towards the end of tragedy’s “golden era”. Our particular aim
is to present the prophet independently of the Sophoсlean background against which Teiresias
is often viewed, and as a more complex figure than a (not especially satisfactory) radicalization
of his earlier incarnations. The prophet in Bacchae is a liminal figure poised between tragedy
and comedy, man and god, male and female, tradition and innovation. As such he parallels
many of the “doublings” characteristic of Dionysus himself. The analysis re-examines the extent
and nature of the comedy in the early Teiresias–Cadmus–Pentheus scene (170–369) in
the context of the most recent scholarship. It then offers a close examination of the so-called
sophistic speech by the prophet (266–327) within the framework of contemporary attitudes to
sophism and how this has unfairly influenced scholarly perception of Teiresias’s authority as
a dramatic character. The argument aims to establish Teiresias’s incarnation as both fifth-century
intellectual and representative of traditional values. He thus reflects the tension between
old and new in the integration of Dionysiac religion in mythical Thebes.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Teiresias

value: prophet

value: comedy

value: Bacchae

value: sophism


dc.contributor.author

value: Kaczyńska, Elwira

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kaczyńska E. Reflections on the Hesychian lemma βουρικυπάρισσος. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.105

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Greek grammarian and lexicographer, Hesychius of Alexandria (5th–6th c. CE) included
a Pamphylian gloss: βουρικυπάρισσος ἡ ἄμπελος. Περγαῖοι in his dictionary of rare and dialectal
words. Based on a microphilological and lexical analysis, I suggest that the Greek text
should be read as follows: βουρίꞏ κυπάρισσος ἢ ἄμπελος. Περγαῖοι (“bourí: cypress or grapevine.
Citizens of Perge”). The Pamphylian gloss in question represents two different borrowings
of terms originating in the Near East. The first item βουρίꞏ κυπάρισσος (‘cypress’) seems
to have been borrowed from Akkadian burāšu(m) ‘a kind of conifer tree; juniper or cypress’
with a Lycian intermediary (Akk. burāšu → Luw. *burašiš > Lyc. *burehi > *burhi → Pamph.
βουρί), whereas the second one βουρίꞏ […] ἄμπελος (‘grapevine’) reflects a separate loanword
from an Anatolian source, cf. Hitt. and Luw. muriš c. ‘a grapevine, a vine, a cluster or bunch
of grapes or other fruit’. The Pamphylian dialect of Ancient Greek represents an extraordinary
idiom, which was used in the neighbourhood of numerous Anatolian languages such as Lycian,
Milyan, Sidetic, Pisidian and Cilician. It is therefore not surprising that the Pamphylian
Greeks borrowed a number of cultural terms for plants from an Anatolian Indo-European
source, as well as from Akkadian or other West Semitic languages via Luwian and Lycian. Additionally,
other possible Anatolian borrowings into Ancient Greek (e. g. Gk. dial. βωληνή ‘a
type of grapevine’, μῶλαξ ‘id.’ vs. Hittite maḫlaš c. ‘grapevine, Vitis vinifera L.’) are mentioned
and reviewed.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Hesychius’ lexicon

value: Ancient Greek

value: Pamphylian dialect

value: Anatolian borrowings

value: language contacts

value: Egyptian

value: Semitic loanwords


dc.contributor.author

value: Seregin, Andrei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Seregin A. V. Intentionalism and Deontology in the Early Stoic Ethics. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, I demonstrate that the early Stoics adhered to a normative theory that may be
called intentionalist: the moral significance of any action is not determined by its material
content, but by the virtuous or vicious disposition of the agent’s soul and the intentions arising
from this disposition. Since according to Stoics all people are divided into virtuous sages
and vicious non-sages, all the actions of the former are morally right (κατορθώματα), whereas
those of the latter are morally wrong (ἁμαρτήματα), even if they are materially identical. On
the other hand, some statements in the Stoic fragments can rather be characterized as deontological:
in this case, certain materially defined types of action (stealing, lying, adultery, etc.)
seem to be presented as morally wrong in themselves. The paper’s central thesis is that such
statements do not contradict the basic Stoic intentionalism but can be interpreted as consistent
with it. Such an interpretation becomes possible under two conditions: firstly, if one takes
into account how exactly the notions of κατόρθωμα and ἁμάρτημα relate to the Stoic notions
of appropriate and inappropriate action (καθῆκον and παρὰ τὸ καθῆκον), and, secondly, if one
examines the Stoic position on the moral status of lying, which is very revealing in this respect.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 1

value: ancient ethics

value: deontology

value: intentionalism

value: Stoicism

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kazanskaya, Maria N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kazanskaya M. N. ἀνά τε ἔδραμεν: Explaining the Longevity of the Tmesis. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
It is a well-known fact that tmesis (independent use of the preverb from its verb) as a linguistic
phenomenon was progressively eliminated from Ancient Greek, so that only residual usage is
attested in the language of the Classical age. However, one verb, ἀναδραμεῖν, retained tmetic
usage with the particle τε intervening between the preverb and the verb, ἀνά τε ἔδραμε, until
late Antiquity (Appian, Eunapius). It is significant that this construction (on par with the non
tmetic form ἀνέδραμε) was used in prose, which suggests that it was part of actual linguistic
usus. The article examines the reasons behind the unique longevity of this tmesis. Following
an overview of the occurrences of ἀνά τε ἔδραμεν in Herodotus, Appian and Eunapius, and
the comparison of the use of the tmetic and non tmetic forms, the elements of the construction
are discussed. It is shown that the survival of ἀνά τε ἔδραμεν must have been influenced
by the semantic development of the verb (the root no longer denotes actual running, but
springing to one’s feet or rapid growth), as well as the capacity of the preverb ἀνα- to appear
independently of its verb (the deontic ἄνα). Finally, a possible shift in meaning of τε (as invariable
part of the expression) is discussed. While it is impossible to pinpoint one single factor
that determined the singular longevity of the tmesis ἀνά τε ἔδραμε in Greek, a combination of
factors seems to have contributed to its survival.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
An earlier version of this article was presented at the Indo-European Seminar, hosted by the Institute
for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (April 10, 2020). I would like to thank the participants
of the seminar for their valuable comments and suggestions. The paper and the article were written as
part of the collective research project “Indo-European morphological isoglosses” supported by the Russian
Foundation for Basic Research (РФФИ № 20-012-00367

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: ἀναδραμεῖν

value: ἀνά τε ἔδραμε

value: tmesis

value: Homer

value: Herodotus

value: Appian

value: Eunapius

value: deontic ἄνα