dc.contributor.author

value: Pikovskiy, Iriney (hieromonk)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pikovskiy I. V. Interrelation between anthropology and psychology in the works of St. Theophan the Recluse. Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 45–57.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The works of bishop Theophan (Govorov) the Recluse on Christian ethics are considered
fundamental in studying the history of the formation of Christian psychology
in Russia. The style, narrative and vocabulary of the works echo his Russian
edition of the “Philokalia”. However, contrary to the common perception that Saint
Theophan the Recluse thought exclusively in the language of Holy Fathers, the present
study provides examples showing that the saint borrowed some ideas from the
classical German philosophy of romanticism. Under the influence of his teachers
from the Kiev Theological Academy (P. A. Avsenev), he addresses the subject of the
“human spirit”. Arguing with representatives of natural philosophy, whose names he
does not mention, Theophan asserts that the spirit is the highest faculty of human
nature, the breath of life, the image of God, which enables man to communicate
with the Creator. For St. Theophan, as for many other academic scholars of the
mid-19th century, “moral philosophy”, “anthropology” and “psychology” were interchangeable
concepts. As shown in this study, in matters of psychology and pedagogy,
the reflections of Theophan the Recluse are based on the same model that was
actively developed by the philosophers of modern times (Schelling, Hegel). Despite
serious worldview differences in relation to religion, Saint Theophan reads, filters
and continues to develop some ideas that originated in German philosophy.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: anthropology

value: psychology

value: person

value: personality

value: Russian theology

value: St. Theophan the Recluse

value: upbringing

value: vow of baptism


dc.contributor.author

value: Skvortsov, Oleg Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Skvortsov, Oleg Yu. 2021. “The ‘concentration of public elements’ theory and the arbitrability of disputes in Russia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 112–122.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the analysis of the theory of concentration of public elements. The
author explains the causes of this theory and its influence on the arbitrability of disputes in
Russia. The causes of this jurisdictional theory are illustrated in the development of substantive
law. The work emphasizes that the two sectors of civil turnover regulation, which have
developed in Russia, largely affect the formation of dispute resolution mechanisms. This also
applies to the issue of determining the range of disputes that the arbitral tribunal is entitled to
accept for its consideration. The author stresses that there are no norms in the legislation on
which the theory of concentration of public elements is based. It is generated exclusively by judicial
decisions, which are not always consistent. This is evidenced by the fact that, despite the
precedent nature of one of the decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on
the arbitrability of procurement disputes for the needs of certain types of legal entities, lower
cassation courts refuse to recognize the arbitrability of this category of disputes. At the same
time, they refer to the violation of public order when considering procurement disputes by
arbitration courts. This is seen as some manipulation in which a conservative approach to the
activities of arbitration courts is provided by the arbitrary involvement of various doctrines
that have no basis in the law. The author predicts the negative consequences of the development
of this doctrine, which will take place in the form of limiting the arbitrability of disputes
considered by commercial arbitrations and in relation to other categories of cases in which a
public element will be manifested to a greater or lesser extent.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: arbitration

value: commercial arbitration

value: concentration of public elements

value: arbitrability

value: court practice

value: internal arbitration

value: reform of arbitration

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Lukovtsev, Ilya N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lukovtsev I. N. St. Gregory Palamas’s gnoseology in light of the dogma of the incarnation of Christ. Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 24–44.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the problem of correspondence between the gnoseology
of St. Gregory Palamas and the teachings of the Orthodox Church. His gnoseology
contains two theses that caused a significant controversy in the 14th century in the
Byzantine Empire. These are the uncreated nature of the Tabor Light and the possibility
to know God by His uncreated energies, but not by His essence. The author
turns directly to the Christological confessions and other dogmatic texts of the Ecumenical
Councils to solve the problem. This method has not been largely used. As
a general rule, the “palamites” and “antipalamites” used to refer to some particular
father or plunged into a strictly philosophical discourse. At the same time, it was not
fully taken into the account the fact that the Acts of the Ecumenical Councils contain
information to adequately assess St. Gregory’s gnoseology. The article concisely
presents the main theses of St. Gregory Palamas’s gnoseology, approved by the local
Council of 1351 held in Constantinople. The theses are compared to the confession
of the Council of Chalcedon. The texts of the subsequent Ecumenical Councils
are considered to be as clarifying as the Chalcedonian confession. The views of St.
Gregory’s main opponents are also analyzed in the article. Particular attention is
paid to the meaning of key terms in the considered dogmatic texts. The article also
takes into account the philosophical aspect of the problem, and expounds one of the
arguments of St. Gregory in favor of the uncreated nature of the Tabor Light, which
is based on the idea of the inability of human nature to emit light. As a result of the
research, it was established that both theses of St. Gregory contradict the doctrine
of the Ecumenical Councils about Christ. Instead of St. Gregory’s dubious gnoseology,
the Ecumenical Councils offer to cognize the divinity of the Trinity inseparably
from the flesh of Christ, and not only in energy, but also essence and hypostasis. As
for the natural science argument of St. Gregory, it is refuted by the data of modern
science, which proved the existence of biophotons. This discovery, according to the
author, does not contradict, but only confirms the Christology of the Ecumenical
Councils.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 3; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Christ

value: hesychasm

value: palamism

value: antipalamism

value: Tabor Light

value: neoplatonism

value: uncreated energies

value: Ecumenical Councils

value: Сhalcedonian confession

value: essence


dc.contributor.author

value: Eremeev, Stanislav G.

value: Shirinyants, Aleksandr A.

value: Shutov, Andrej Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Eremeev S. G., Shirinyants А. А., Shutov A. Yu. The pages of modern history of University political science: Scientific school of professor Vladimir Gutorov. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2021, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 12–27.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to Vladimir Alexandrovich Gutorov, whose 70th birthday was celebrated on
December 7, 2020. Vladimir Gutorov is a polyglot and polymath, a world-renowned scientist, a
leading national specialist in the history of socio-political thought, political philosophy and modern
political theories, one of the organizers of the first university departments of political science in
Russia (1989) and its head (since 1994), founder of an authoritative pedagogical and scientific
school of the history of socio-political thought, political theory and political education at St. Petersburg
State University, Honorary Professor of the Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State
University named after M. V. Lomonosov. He was one of the few in Soviet science who defended
his doctoral dissertation in the form of a monograph. His monograph Ancient social utopia: questions
of history and theory, published by the publishing house of Leningrad University in 1989,
is recognized as one of the best Russian studies devoted to the problems of the genesis of social
thought in Ancient Greece and various ancient projects of political reconstruction. Since the
publication of the book on ancient utopia and the defense of his doctoral dissertation, Gutorov
has become one of the most prominent representatives of the St. Petersburg school of modern
Russian political science, an authoritative scientist recognized in Russia and the world.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Vladimir Gutorov

value: ancient social utopia

value: modern Russian political science

value: faculty of political science

value: St. Petersburg State University

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Igor I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuznetsov I. I. Political crises as challenges to democracy: Will it be possible to avoid “confidence traps” again? Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2021, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 103–111.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The development of democratic political systems inevitably presupposes dealing with crises. The
challenges of democracy are both external factors associated with the activity of other political regimes,
changes in the world order, and internal factors determined by a combination of socio-economic
and political aspects. Often, such internal factors become critical and can determine a
dangerous state — the “confidence trap”. The article discusses the concept of the Cambridge
political scientist David Runcimen, which expresses firm confidence in the ability of democracies
to overcome the crisis with dignity and preparedness for new tests. The seven main crises of democracy
of the twentieth century highlighted by Runcimen are events that influenced the nature
of the functioning of democratic systems. In addition, overcoming these crises has demonstrated
the presence of a serious resource for the strength of political and social institutions, the formation
of survival and reflection skills in the state system. The most important challenges to democracy are: war (the tendency of democracies to be drawn into military confrontation, which can result
in serious costs), finance (irrational use of public funds), environmental threat (climate change
due to vigorous economic activity, depletion of resources), rivals (activities of those states, which
can seriously limit the expansion of democracy). Special attention is paid to assessing the role of
China and Russia in the formation of the “confidence trap” of modern democracies.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: political crises

value: democracy

value: political development

value: political process

value: transformation of democratic institutions in politics


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsyplenkov, Anatoly S.

value: Ivanova, Nadezda N.

value: Botavin, Dmitry V.

value: Kuznetsova, Yulia S.

value: Golosov, Valentin N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsyplenkov, A. S., Ivanova, N. N., Botavin, D. V., Kuznetsova, Yu. S., Golosov, V. N. (2021). Hydro-meteorological preconditions and geomorphological consequences of extreme flood in the small river basin in the wet subtropical zone (the Tsanyk River case study, Sochi region). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 144–166.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The overall increase in precipitation and the frequency of extreme rainfall is confirmed by
several meteorological observations both on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, and in other
regions with similar environmental conditions. In this context, research on the drivers of
an extreme meteorological event becoming a severe flood and an extreme geomorphological
(erosion) event becomes especially important. The article analyses the factors contributing to
the development of a flash flood on the watershed of the river Tsanyk (Greater Sochi area) and
estimates its geomorphological impact. Analysis of the hydrologic-meteorological situation
during the Tsanyk flood on 7–9 September 2018 and in the previous period showed that the
event is unique for the investigated watershed from the hydrologic perspective. After a prolonged
period without precipitation, the rainfall on 7–8 September resulted in a flash flood
with a rapid water level rise (117 cm in 40 min.). We determined the rates and volumes of
channel erosion based on a repeated survey of the channel section, estimation of the speed
and length of the banks being flushed out — composed of loose sediments and bedrock — using
the pin method. The amount of erosion on the banks composed of loosened sediments was
on average 2–3 times higher than on the flysch banks. At the same time, the material export
for one erosion event in September 2018 is comparable to (or even exceeds) the total amount
of bank erosion for a year, previously identified based on stationary observations.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 1

value: sediment yield

value: flash flood

value: extreme erosion event

value: subtropics


dc.contributor.author

value: Khaustov, Aleksandr P.

value: Redina, Margarita M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khaustov, A. P., Redina, M. M. (2021). Fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at geochemical barriers. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 123–143.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the study was to identify patterns of fractionation at geochemical barriers
(GCB) of associations of marker compounds — polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
Based on thermodynamic parameters, the throughput of GCB in geochemical systems (GCS)
in relation to organic substances at the molecular level is analyzed. PAHs are very informative
indicators of the properties of GCB (up to singular surfaces). The processes of migration and
selective penetration through GCB were examined for 15 PAHs from the list of priority pollutants
recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (widely used in the world
EPA list): Naphthalene (Naph), acenaphthene (Ace), Fluorene (Flourene), Phenanthrene
(Phen), Anthracene (An), Fluoranthene (Flu), Pyrene (Py), Benzo(a)Anthracene (BaA),
Chrysene (Chr), Benzo(b)Fluoranthene (BbFlu), Benzo(k)fluoranthhene (BkFlu), Benzo(a)
pyrene (BaP), benzo(ghi)perylene (Bghi), Dibenzo(a, h) anthracene (DbA), Indeno(1,2-cd)
pyrene (Ip). Being geochemical markers, these compounds can accumulate on barriers and
selectively penetrate through them, making them especially important objects of study. Despite
numerous studies, these mechanisms of mass transfer have not been sufficiently studied.
The types of GCB have been identified in terms of their permeability to PAHs. It is shown that
the functions of GCB in systems are much more significant and consist not only of the separation
of systems from the external environment and the regulation of mass transfer. The above
models of migration and accumulation are based on quantitative estimates, which makes the
results more reasonable in comparison with the “conceptual” representations of the behavior
of substances on GCB in most studies. Most importantly, the influence of the media contact
time for establishing a stable state (stability of the migration of compounds) on GCB has been
demonstrated.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
under the Program for increasing the competitiveness of RUDN University “5-100” among the world’s
leading research and educational centers for 2016–2020.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: geochemical barriers

value: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

value: living matter

value: entropy

value: classification

value: indication of transport processes

value: structure

value: evolution of geochemical systems

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Frolova, Natalia L.

value: Grigorev, Vadim Yu.

value: Krylenko, Inna N.

value: Zakharova, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Frolova, N. L., Grigorev, V. Yu., Krylenko, I. N., Zakharova, E. A. (2021). State-of-the-art potential of the GRACE satellite mission for solving modern hydrological problems. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 107–122.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper presents the main results of using the GRACE mission in fields of study such as estimations
of the components of basin water storage and water balance, and hydrological modeling.
The estimate of error of GRACE data is in the order of 11 mm for watersheds with an area
of 100 000 km2 and decreases with an increase of basin area. This accuracy made it possible to
identify long-term and seasonal variability of water storage. It was shown that the decrease in
total water storage in the Don basin for 2002–2019 is approximately equally caused by both
soil moisture and groundwater changes. At the same time, the minimum level of groundwater
was already reached in 2010; the minimum level of soil moisture — in 2015. Since 2016, Don
basin groundwater changes very little during the winter period, which is likely due to the increased
number of thaws and thinning of the freezing layer during this period. Based on the
precipitation data from meteorological stations for the cold period of European Russia, the
value of their systematic error was estimated at about 20–25 %. The comparison of the values
of total water storage for the river basins of the northern part of European Russia, according
to GRACE data and ECOMAG runoff modeling results, has shown their good coincidence
(NSE = 0.78 ÷ 0.89). In comparison with GRACE, ECOMAG shows a smaller increase in
water storage during the winter and a faster decline during the spring flood period. Currently, progress in the use of GRACE in hydrology is limited by the low spatial-temporal resolution
of data, which, within the framework of the GRACE mission itself, will not be improved in the
coming years. At the same time, the principle of GRACE operation can be applied in the future
to various satellite constellations.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 16-05-00753 А –
GRACE data processing, No. 18-05-60021– Arctic research).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: monitoring

value: space gravimetry

value: water resources

value: hydrological models


dc.contributor.author

value: Post, David A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Post, D. A. (2021). Assessing the hydrological impacts of coal resource development: a case study from Australia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 91–106.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The objective of this study is to predict regional-scale cumulative impacts on water resources
caused by coal resource developments in the Gloucester subregion of New South Wales
(NSW), Australia. A key outcome of the assessment is identifying areas where water resources
are very unlikely to be impacted (with a less than 5 % chance) from those where water resources
are potentially impacted (at least a 5 % chance). Governments, industry and the community
can then focus on areas that are potentially impacted when making regulatory, water management
and planning decisions. Potential impacts were ruled out using a zone of potential
hydrological change. This zone was defined based on at least a 5 % chance of exceeding defined
thresholds in multiple hydrological response variables including groundwater drawdown and
eight streamflow metrics (only reductions in annual streamflow are reported here). The zone
of potential hydrological change in the Gloucester subregion covers 250 km2 and includes
242 km of stream network. This represents 52 % of the area and 70 % of the stream length assessed.
Groundwater drawdown exceeding 0.2 m in the near surface aquifer due to additional
coal resource development is very likely (> 95 % chance) for an area of 20 km2 but is very unlikely
(< 5 % chance) to exceed an area of 100 km2. Although 242 km of streams are identified
as being potentially impacted, changes in streamflow are small, with a little over 5 % reduction
in annual flow in some streams close to the coal mines, and reductions in annual flow in the
major rivers not exceeding 1–5 %.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: coal resource development

value: groundwater

value: surface water

value: Australia


dc.contributor.author

value: Barinov, D. A.

value: Lebedev, V. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Barinov D. A., Lebedev V. A. ‘From a Farmhand to the Head of an Institute: Life of the Historian Otto Augustovich Lidak’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 103–117.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The history of the Bolshevik party figured prominently in the reform of postrevolutionary Soviet science.
After the Civil War, many revolutionaries who took accelerated special learning courses subsequently became
professors and heads of newly organized academic institutions. Their aim was to prepare new ideologically
strong specialists for the country. However, despite their considerable contribution to higher education in the prewar
USSR, a significant number of “red professors” became victims of repression in the 1930s. Otto Augustovich
Lidak — one of the main Leningrad historians of the Bolshevik party in the 1930s — was a bright representative
of this generation. As a Bolshevik in the Civil war, he traveled from Lithuania to the Siberian city of Minusinsk
and from Petrograd to Persia. Having all the necessary qualities (social background, revolutionary experience,
connections, etc.), O. A. Lidak was able to build a successful academic career within a short period. At various
times, he was the head of the Institute of History of the CPSU(b) and the Communist Institute of Journalism.
He was also a professor in the Leningrad branch of the Communist Academy, Communist University, Leningrad
State University. Finally, he was an active member of the Society of Marxist Historians, the Society of Former
Political Prisoners and Exiles, etc. Thus, he was involved in the work of all the major party institutions that prepared
“pro-Soviet” cadres. This article considers the milestones of Lidak’s biography and also explores his contribution
to the historiography of the Russian Revolution.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 19-011-007782A.
“Historical science of Petrograd — Leningrad (1917–1934): centers, lines of research, collective biography”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Civil War

value: Russian revolution

value: higher school

value: party history

value: biography

value: historiography

value: repression

value: history of science

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kodin, E. V.

value: Rodionov, I. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kodin E. V., Rodionov I. I. ‘Repatriation of Polish Prisoners of War from Camps of Central Russia (1921–1922)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 72–88.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of prisoners of war of the Polish-Soviet war of 1919–1920 remains one of the most debatable
issues in modern historiography. This topic is poorly studied in both domestic and foreign (especially
Polish) historiography. The article deals with the process and mechanism of repatriating Polish prisoners from
camps in Central Russia in 1921–1922. The authors note that the discussion of repatriation began at the end of
1919. Negotiations ended with the signing of a repatriation agreement between the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR,
and Poland on February 24, 1921. In accordance with the developed normative documentation, Polish prisoners
of war were subjected to sanitary treatment (baths, haircuts) before being sent; they were given underwear and
uniforms; they were provided with food for the period of their journey; and they were fully paid. Sick prisoners of
war were sent in special trains or in separate ambulances accompanied by medical personnel. The first echelons
with Polish prisoners of war began “leaving” for Poland in March 1921. Mass repatriation was completed by the
autumn of the same year. In the future, repatriation concerned only individuals and would be of a personal nature.
In total, almost 35 000 prisoners of war were sent to Poland.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for basic research (RFBR),
project no. 19-09-00091/19 “Polish prisoners of war in the camps of Central Russia, 1919–1922”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Polish-Soviet war

value: Poland

value: Soviet Russia

value: prisoners of war

value: repatriation

value: Central Russia


dc.contributor.author

value: Vul, N. А.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vul N. А. ‘Chinese Eastern Railway and Russian Minority Groups in Manchuria’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 89–102.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The history of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) railway, which has drawn the attention of scholars
almost since the time of its construction, is inseparable from the story of the complicated and tangled relations between one majority group — Chinese — and two large minority groups, White émigrés and Soviet citizens
who resided in Manchuria and whose lives were largely related to the CER. These relations are largely ignored
by the scholars of the CER, in which the focus is on various diplomatic aspects and the CER is considered to be
a key actor in international relations of the countries and whose interests were related to Manchuria. Therefore,
this article explores the complicated and tangled relations between Chinese, White émigrés, and Soviet citizens
who resided in Manchuria in 1920s — 1930s and whose lives were largely related to the Chinese Eastern Railway.
This very aspect, the existence of two minority groups (CER’s soviet staff and White émigrés) who shared the
same linguistic, cultural, and ethnic background, but who, on the other hand, were political antagonists, makes
the Manchurian case especially unique and interesting. This paper argues that common ethnic identity prevailed
over ideological discord. This discord was neutralized by life which they lived together surrounded by culturally,
linguistically, and ethnically different majority.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: emigration

value: railway

value: politics

value: conflict relations

value: majority

value: minority

value: Soviet Union

value: China


dc.contributor.author

value: Platt, K. M. F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Platt K. M. F. ‘Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible, Indeterminacy, and the Hermeneutics of Suspicion’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 240–247.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This essay praises Joan Neuberger’s book This Thing of Darkness (Cornell University Press, 2019) as
a great accomplishment in cinematic interpretation and a detailed and subtle historical account. It contests Neuberger’s
argument that Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible films present an unequivocal critique of Stalin and Stalinism
by means of a historical analogy with Ivan. Platt argues that the films are intentionally, stubbornly ambivalent in
their representation of Ivan, and by extension Stalin. He contends that although this was indeed a subversive
movie in the Stalinist USSR, Eisenstein’s films did not offer any finalized conception of the historical role of these
figures, and instead should be viewed as works that thematize the impossibility of achieving certainty in historical
interpretation. In reading Neuberger’s This Thing of Darkness, one feels the urgency of the author’s efforts to
prove that Eisenstein offered an unequivocal, “radical” and “subversive” denunciation of Stalin and the social
violence of his era — one that accords with our own rejection of the Stalinist legacy. Author sympathizes with this
effort, but it is misguided. Considered in his own social context, one cannot but appreciate Eisenstein’s bravery in
articulating a different, but no less subversive position: as seen through the lens of Ivan the Terrible, Stalinist Russia
was revealed to be incomplete, charged with contradictions that made it impossible to come to conclusions
concerning the meaning of events.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Eisenstein

value: Ivan the Terrible

value: Stalin

value: cinema

value: hermeneutics

value: suspicion

dc.type

value: Article


title: Response to Roundtable Comments

dc.contributor.author

value: Neuberger, J.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Neuberger J. ‘Response to Roundtable Comments’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 252–259.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In her response, Neuberger elaborates and extends a few of her key arguments as discussed by Brandenberger,
Kleiman, Petrone, Platt, and Tsivian. She focuses on questions involving Eisenstein’s exceptionality,
the general reception of Ivan the Terrible, Stalin’s response to the film and its homoeroticism, and fundamental
questions about Eisenstein’s interpretation of Ivan and his reign, its application to the present and to all rulers.
She clarifies fundamental questions about Eisenstein’s conception of dialectics, and shows his commitment to
dialectics as something more than more than binary conflict. Eisenstein not only saw all phenomena as “unities
of opposites”, but contrasted the dialectical contradictory with a unitary definitive, giving us neither a simpler
dualism nor a permanent state of contradiction. The categorical doesn’t cancel out the contested (or vice versa):
together the categorical and the contested create another level of complexity, making it possible to see Ivan the
Terrible as a film that repeatedly poses questions about power, violence, and human perception, and a film that is
a radical critique of Stalinism and Soviet ideology. The author underlines, that in This Thing of Darkness she tried
to show that the search for “meaning” in Eisenstein (and in my reading of Eisenstein) was no simple path toward
a definitive truth, but is something like the way we experience films: seeing, hearing, intuiting, sensing, learning,
feeling, wondering, learning a little more, and eventually thinking through what we have seen and experienced in
order to make it meaningful for us.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Soviet

value: power

value: homoeroticism

value: reception

value: dialectics

dc.title

value: Response to Roundtable Comments


dc.contributor.author

value: Mironov, B. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mironov B. N. ‘Ethnic Discrimination in the Formation of State Bodies of the USSR’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 149–173.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The level of ethnopolitical inequality is estimated as the ratio of the share of an ethnic group employed
in public authorities to the share of this ethnic group among the entire employed population. This indicator can
be called the coefficient of ethnopolitical representativeness. In Imperial Russia, almost all major non-Russian
ethnic groups had representatives in power structures, although in most cases this was unrepresentative; the
number of nominees from an ethnic group did not correspond to its population size. During the entire Soviet
period, 1917–1990, there was a steady and systematic decrease in the inequality of ethnic groups in power structures.
In 1989, discrimination in the authorities as a whole practically disappeared. The advantages of Russians in
forming the Soviet government were minimized; their percentage in government corresponded to their share in
the population. In some areas of government, ethnic inequality was leveled at different rates. In the state apparatus,
equality in representation was already achieved in 1959. In the apparatus of party and public organizations,
there was also a tendency to overcome discrimination, but in this area, by 1990, the percentage of non-Russians
remained slightly lower than their share in the population. Minimization of ethnic inequality was a natural consequence,
on the one hand, of the national policy of the country’s leadership, on the other — the desire of ethnic
elites for equality in political rights.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 20-09-00353 “The
disintegration of the Soviet Union in the human dimension: an interdisciplinary study”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian Empire

value: Soviet Union

value: state apparatus

value: party apparatus

value: nomenclature

value: ethnic

value: inequality

value: discrimination


dc.contributor.author

value: Isaev, A. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Isaev A. A. ‘Activity of Political Departments on Railway Transport in Far East of the USSR (1933– 1941)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 118–133.

dc.description.abstract

value:
An active and comprehensive study of all aspects of the political and ideological impact of the power
structures on the population of the country has received a new impetus only in the last few decades. One of the
means of this influence was political departments established in some of the most important economic sectors,
including rail transport. At the same time, in contrast to the study of the activities of political departments in rural
areas that received due development in the historical literature, railway political departments received little attention.
Thus, the purpose of the article is to use archival documents and materials to analyze activities of political departments
in the railway transport of the far Eastern region of the Soviet Union in the prewar period. The creation of
political departments was a continuation of the party line on the formation and implementation of certain political
and ideological levers of influence and control in the socio-economic sphere, including transport. As one of the
most important components of the program of ideological reorganization of the Soviet society in the course of
socialist reforms, they had to introduce certain ideological and political principles into the public consciousness
and thereby stimulate the development of labor qualities in the population of the country. With their help, according
to the authorities, in the shortest time could be eliminated many shortcomings in the organization of transport
at all levels and achieved high productivity.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: Far East

value: political department

value: railway transport

value: party-political mass work

value: discipline

value: Stakhanov movement

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kishchenkov, M. S.

value: Nikiforov, Yu. S.

value: Tumakov, D. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kishchenkov M. S., Nikiforov Yu. S., Tumakov D. V. ‘Yaroslavl Regional Elite Bureaucratic Practices in Working with Citizens’ Letters in the USSR of the 1960s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 134–148.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines processes that took place in regional centers in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Issues of interaction between the regional party apparatus and ordinary citizens became particularly acute by
the end of the Khrushchev era. This study is connected with the analysis of the problem of bureaucratic practices
of the Yaroslavl regional elite in working with citizens’ letters in the USSR in the 1960s. We perform an analysis
of a diverse source base: official regulatory documents, archival materials, sources of personal origin, including
memoirs and interviews through a prism oral history. The context of the study is presented by the analysis of official
documents revealing problems of the regional elite of the late socialist era: registry, forgery in state reporting,
careerism. Consideration of various complaints took a serious place in the work of the regional bureaucracy.
Critical letters in the absence of sociological institutions allowed the authorities to present the real moods and
demands of the population. Complaints allowed us to identify the negative aspects of reality and respond to them.
The materials contained in the letters were checked, and not always the facts they contained were confirmed. The
regional nomenclature sought to protect its interests and not to give a reason for the center to perceive critical
letters in its address as objective.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 18-39-00068 “The
soviet regional elites and their interaction with the center in the 1950–1980s: in archival documents and in historical
memory”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: regional elites

value: Soviet Union

value: communicative practices

value: historical memory

value: Soviet province

value: late Socialism

value: letters

value: complaints


title: Creation of Komsomol Cafés in 1960s

dc.contributor.author

value: Bureeva, E. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bureeva E. V. ‘Creation of Komsomol Cafés in 1960s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 184–198.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article, using extensive archival material, examines the history of the emergence of youth cafés,
provides an analysis of the preconditions and historical conditions in which they were created, and highlights the
problems that they had to overcome on their way. During the 1960s youth cafés was created throughout the country
on the initiative of Komsomol members. There were places where one could have an interesting and fun time
listening to jazz over a cup of coffee or a glass of wine, dancing a popular twist, meeting poets and musicians and
artists, or just going an impromptu stage to read poems. The youth café became a symbol of the 1960s. The feeling
of freedom was first felt by young people who began to actively explore Western culture and lifestyle. Harsh administrative measures and punishments proved to be ineffective. This is how the idea of creating the first youth
club, corresponding to the interests and demands of young people, arose, but under the supervision of an “elder
brother” in the form of the Komsomol. Urban young boys and girls were attracted by the democratic atmosphere
of the café, which the sixtiers would later write about more than once. In the mid-1960s this interesting experience
was relocated to the countryside, but this was less successful. Even in large cities, not many cafés survived until
the mid-1970s, faced with enough problems.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: cafe

value: club

value: youth

value: Komsomol

value: food service

value: leisure

dc.title

value: Creation of Komsomol Cafés in 1960s

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Korsak, A. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korsak A. I. ‘Military Burials of the Great Patriotic War on the Territory of the Belarusian-Latvian- Russian Border in the Soviet Practice of Immortalization of Memory’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 174–183.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using archival materials from the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, the State Archive of
Vitebsk region, the Polotsk Zonal State Archive, and the Daugavpils Zonal State Archive of the National Archive
of Latvia, as well as published documents of Russian archives and works of historians, this article examines the
process of preserving the memory of the fallen soldiers of the Red (Soviet) Army on the territory of the Belarusian-
Latvian-Russian border in the post-war Soviet period. The main conclusion is the correctness (incorrectness)
of decision making by Soviet authorities at the level of districts and cities in relation to immortalization of
the memory of fallen soldiers of the Red (Soviet) Army and partisans. One example of the primary analysis of
a common grave in the village of Shevelevo in the Palkinskiy district of the Pskov region. The comparative analysis
of the policy of preserving the memory of those who died during the Great Patriotic War, by taking into account
military burials and their further memorialization at the Belarusian-Latvian-Russian border in the post-war period,
gives us the opportunity to ascertain the specifics of the Soviet republics in this direction. The actions of the Soviet
leadership depended on the time of liberation of the territory from the Nazis, as well as the quality of work of the
“funeral teams” that were to perform the function of burial of the bodies of the Red (Soviet) Army soldiers after
the end of the battle.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by BRFBR and RFBR, project no. G20R-287 “People and power: occupiers, collaborators
and partisans on the border territory of Belarus and North-West Russia in 1941–1944”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: memory preservation

value: memorialization

value: Great Patriotic War

value: military burials

value: mass graves

value: military cemeteries


dc.contributor.author

value: Shalamov, V. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shalamov V. A. ‘The American Red Cross Activity in Eastern Siberia during the Russian Civil War (1918–1920)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 56–71.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In mid-1918, the Siberian Commission of the American Red Cross was formed, headed by an American
missionary doctor who worked in Japan, Rudolf Teusler. After Admiral Kolchak came to power, the Siberian
Commission concluded an agreement to expand the scope of its activities, supply volumes, and payments. The
main focus was on the front, which made the Red Cross akin to a White Army supply service, which was contrary
to the principles of this organization. Americans drew attention to Eastern Siberia only in the summer of 1919,
when Kolchak’s army retreated, and the incidence of typhus was rapidly growing in the rear regions. Two hospitals
operated by the staff of the American Red Cross were opened in Irkutsk and Verkhneudinsk; gifts were
distributed periodically in the form of first-aid items. At the end of 1919, in connection with the approach of the
front line to Eastern Siberia, the Americans left the region, transferring medical facilities and supplies of medicines
to local authorities. In early 1920, the Siberian Commission was given the opportunity to establish contacts with
the Bolshevik authorities, which controlled territories west of Lake Baikal. Members of the commission began to
prepare for a new humanitarian mission that would allow for the settlement of Soviet-American relations, return
to the original tasks of the Red Cross, and help thousands of needy Siberians and refugees. However, the headquarters
of the American Red Cross refused to authorize this activity and by mid-1920 evacuated the remaining
personnel and cargo.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: healthcare

value: medicine

value: Red Cross

value: evacuation

value: Civil War

value: Czechoslovak Corps

value: medicines

value: Whites


dc.contributor.author

value: Voytikov, S. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Voytikov S. S. ‘Documents of the Moscow Central State Archive as a Source on the History of Party and Military Institutions of Soviet Russia During the Civil War’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 47–55.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the valuable corpus of sources of party and military institutions of Soviet Russia
during the Civil War. During the Soviet period, documents of the (then) Moscow Party Archive were actively
introduced into scholarly circulation, revealing mainly the activities of the Moscow Committee of the Russian
Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on communist mobilizations, and primarily regarding the Eastern front in 1918 and
the Petrograd front in 1919. At the same time, a whole layer of materials from the archive’s collections remained
mostly unclaimed. The Moscow Party Archive retains documents on the organization and activities of the Communist
faction of the People’s Commissariat for Military Affairs, which together with the documents of Russian
State Military Archive allow a comprehensive study of the process of “communization” of the military apparatus in
1917 and subsequent years. The specified sources, in particular, make it possible to answer the question about
the reasons for the establishment in 1919 of the Red Army Political Department as a department of the Central
Committee of the RCP(b). Reports of old Bolsheviks to the Moscow Committee of the RCP(b) and the Mossoviet of 1918 contain valuable information about the use of military specialists by the Bolshevik regime, the contribution
to the Soviet military construction of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, the liquidation of the rebellion of the
Commander-in-Chief of the Eastern Front M. A. Murav’yov, the causes of loss of the nascent Red Army of Kazan,
and other issues.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: construction

value: party

value: Red Army

value: All-Russian Extraordinary Commission

value: Special Division of the Moscow Emergency Commission

value: military advisors

value: Political Department

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tarasov, K. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tarasov K. A. ‘Burden of War: Soldiers and the Birth of Social Conflict in 1917’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 28–46.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the distribution of burdens from Russia’s participation in the First World War.
During this period, dissatisfaction with the balance between those who went to the front and those who remained
in the rear could be expressed openly. By 1917, the human reserves of the Russian empire were practically exhausted.
At the same time, a large part of the population enjoyed deferrals from serving in the army. After the
revolution, servicemen, many of whom had already been on the front line and were wounded, were very active.
They demanded that soldiers who served in rear units should go first with new reinforcements. This category included
new recruits, soldiers of auxiliary troops, military clerks, officers, and all ranks who were involved in training
in reserve battalions. By the summer of 1917, soldiers demanded the mobilization of former policemen, deserters,
and everyone who legally or illegally used deferrals from military service. In the end, the slogan “The bourgeoisie
to trenches!” was born spontaneously. This meant sending to the front all who profited from the war by remaining
in the rear. The spread of this slogan speaks of the assimilation of the language of class antagonism by soldiers.
It also became important to the escalation of civil war. The demands were directed to the state authorities whose
silence led to soldiers’ desires to implement “mobilization” on their own.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-18-00369 “The processes of legitimization
of violence: conflict cultures in Russia and the escalation of Сivil War”).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Revolution

value: First World War

value: garrison

value: mobilization

value: army

value: Provisional Government


dc.contributor.author

value: Stelmak, M. M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Stelmak M. M. ‘Konstantin Andreevich Popov and the Last Provocation of the Omsk Gendarmes (January 1917)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 8–27.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyzes Ivan Dmitrievich Krasilnikov’s letter to the Social Democrat Konstantin Andreevich
Popov (1876–1949) in Omsk on the eve of revolutionary events in 1917. In this letter, Krasilnikov offered assistance
and cooperation due to his unwillingness to serve his leadership. As an act of goodwill, Krasilnikov reported that
the Social Democrat P. F. Mikhailov was a secret employee of the state and supplied the gendarmerie with valuable
information. Subsequent revolutionary events showed that the information about P. F. Mikhailov and Krasilnikov’s
intentions did not correspond to reality. Using unpublished sources from the Historical Archive of the
Omsk Region (which contains documents from the Omsk Gendarme Office on the work of secret officers), this
study identified and analyzed available historical sources, contents of the letter, conditions and reasons of its appearance,
and goals and consequences of this action. This is the record keeping documentation of the. This work
allows us to show a previously unknown episode of the life path of K. A. Popov and specifics of the specifics of the
Omsk gendarme administration. This should be of interest to a wide range of readers; researchers in the history
of the revolution and the Civil War in Russia, as well as specialists in the history of the domestic special services.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Siberia

value: Omsk

value: gendarmerie

value: special services

value: secret officer

value: provocation

value: revolution


dc.contributor.author

value: Kiba, D. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kiba D. V. ‘Humanitarian Cooperation of Japan and the USSR in the Second Half of the 20th Century’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 199–213.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides a periodization of humanitarian cooperation between Japan and the USSR. The
first stage was activity of the Press Office of the Soviet Union Council for Japan and the Soviet Information Office in
the Land of the Rising Sun in 1946–1957. The second stage was the period of active policy of the USSR Embassy,
together with the State Committee for Cultural Relations under the USSR Council of Ministers in 1957–1967. The
third stage was defined by the activity of Soviet Embassy and Regional Authorities of Japan and the USSR in establishing
cultural relations in 1967–1985. The fourth stage was humanitarian cooperation of both countries carried
out under terms of the Soviet-Japan cultural agreement signed in 1986. The fourth stage covers the period
from 1986 to 1991. The article identifies the main forms of humanitarian cooperation between two countries. The
author believes that connections in the sphere of art were dominant. The Japanese public was an active subject
of bilateral relations. The author considers the membership of the Soviet-Japan Friendship Movement and its
participants (public organizations, Piece Movement, choral and musical collectives, private companies of Japan)
and reveals the reasons for the Japanese public’s interest in Soviet culture based on archival documents and
materials of the Japanese and Soviet periodicals. The author points out that the regional cooperation between
two countries developed significantly and emphasizes the special role of the USSR Far East as a contact region
with Japan.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: culture

value: regional cooperation

value: Far East

value: USSR

value: Japan

value: societies of friendship

value: peace movement

value: youth exchanges

value: tourist exchanges

value: twin cities

dc.title

value: Article


title: Introduction

dc.contributor.author

value: Neuberger, J.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Neuberger J. ‘Introduction’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 214–221.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible is hardly an obscure film, but it has attracted much controversy and many
misconceptions. The goal of this book is to re-examine the film in light of everything Eisenstein wrote about it. The
introduction to the roundtable establishes the historical, political, cinematic, biographical, and cultural contexts
that shape the book’s multi-disciplinary approach to Eisenstein’s work on Ivan the Terrible. The director structured
the story of Ivan’s life and reign in an “interrogative mode” in order to raise profound questions about the nature
of violence and tyranny and the psychology of political ambition in Russia’s past, in the Stalinist present, and in
the history of state power more broadly. Eisenstein conveyed the history and psychology of power and the inner
life of the powerful with a profusion of new cinematic methods that represented the evolution of his thinking about
montage. “Polyphonic” montage — the weaving together of audio, visual, sensory, emotional, and intellectual
voices—was intended to activate and intensify the spectator’s experience of watching a film; to touch, move, and
enlighten the audience in an all-encompassing, transformative way. By approaching Eisenstein’s dynamic theories
of history, visual perception, and cultural evolution in relation to one another, this study uncovers a decisive
piece: Eisenstein didn’t only want to show the tragic depredations of absolute rule or the universality of power
hunger, and he didn’t only want to create a moving emotional experience for viewers.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Eisenstein

value: Ivan the Terrible

value: Stalin

value: cinema

value: montage

value: polyphonic

value: Introduction


title: A Productive Trinity

dc.contributor.author

value: Kleyman, N. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kleyman N. I. ‘A Productive Trinity’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 230–232.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This Thing of Darkness by Joan Neuberger, about S. M. Eisenstein’s film “Ivan the Terrible”, is the result
of enormous work by a professional historian, a serious art critic, and an experienced teacher. The most important
features of this productive trinity were manifested in it: a deep knowledge of the history of Russia (equally
in the 16th and 20th centuries); a subtle understanding of the specifics of art in general and cinema in particular;
the ability to clearly and easily present one’s observations, hypotheses, and conclusions; and finally (last but
not least), the successful penetration into the creative world of Sergey Eisenstein, a director and theoretician,
draftsman and psychologist, connoisseur of classical world culture and courageous experimentalist-modernist,
but at the same time an honest person and a politically minded citizen of his own country in the tragic period of
its history, that of Stalin’s tyranny. The author was lucky enough to witness the long-term evolution of this work,
from earliest experiments to the publication of a fundamental monograph. In the process of researching archival
materials and as we penetrated into the film itself, the circle and type of questions changed. The author expresses
confidence that from now on, not a single serious specialist in the history of Soviet cinema, not a single biographer
or researcher of Eisenstein’s work can do without the wonderful work of Joan Neuberger.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: Neuberger

dc.title

value: A Productive Trinity


title: Joan Neuberger’s This Thing of Darkness

dc.contributor.author

value: Tsivian, Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsivian Yu. ‘Joan Neuberger’s This Thing of Darkness’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 248–251.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The note is about the place of Joan Neuberger’s monograph among books on Eisenstein’s Ivan the
Terrible, and, more broadly, among writings on period films, be they by film historians or by historians proper.
The book is a triple portrayal — of Eisenstein, his Ivan, and, indirectly, of Stalin, whose favorite pastime was
to use historical novels, plays, and films on Russia’s historic tyrants as one might a vanity mirror. The virtue of
Neuberger’s approach is that, rather than judge or define, she successfully captures the ambiguity of each of
her three protagonists. It is as much an analysis of the movie as an ambivalent mirror as it is of the person that
holds it and of the one who expects to see in it a flattering reflection of himself — to no avail. Instead of assuming
a bird’s eye point of view on the Soviet film-land, Neuberger nose-dove into it like a kid-loving pelican, picked
one film and brought it to us in a big beak of a book. That is not to portray Joan Neuberger as a shape-shifter,
a historian-turned-film-scholar. Yes, film scholars do write book-length studies on a single movie while political
historians rarely do, but the choice of this specific format does not turn Neuberger into a film scholar. There is a lot
of superb film scholarship to be found here, but the stunt that makes Neuberger’s scholarship unique is that, for
all its film-scholarship lenses, it remains a historical study par excellence.

dc.subject

value: film

value: ambiguity

value: Joan Neuberger’s This Thing of Darkness

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Samarkina, Irina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samarkina I. V. The political worldview of VKontakte communities: The experience of analyzing the subjective space of politics in a network society. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2021, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 87–102.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the political worldview as part of the
subjective space of politics in a network society and its empirical verification. The author shows
that the integration of phenomenology and the network approach allows researchers to advance
their understanding of content and parameters of the political worldview of network communities
as part of the subjective space of modern public policy. The analysis of the discourse of
network communities makes it possible to identify, describe and analyze the features of their
political worldview. The author presents an original methodology, created within the framework of
the RFBR research project “Subjective Space of Politics: Opportunities and Challenges of a Network
Society”, for studying the political world view of network communities and the empirical results
obtained with its usage. In particular, the typology of political worldviews existing in network
communities is described. It reflects the structural and substantive components of the political
worldview in the discourse of network communities: the core of the political worldview (reflecting
the ontological level of the political worldview, including images of the Motherland, state, power),
political roles, political institutions (the last two clusters reflect the basic level of the political worldview
elements), political participation (reflects the instrumental level of the political worldview),
socio-political problems). The typology of political worldviews of network communities identified
(zero, horizontal, non-political, activity and political world view of active resistance) requires verification
in further research. An important result of the empirical analysis is the identification of
two political worldview profiles (closed and open) and their connection with the dominant type
of participant socio-political activity in network communities. Further study in this direction will
improve analytical and predictive tools for research and practical work with network communities.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Work is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research project no. 18-011-00975
“Subjective space of politics: Opportunities and challenges of a network society”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: subjective space of politics

value: political worldview

value: network society

value: network communities


dc.contributor.author

value: Alpatov, Gennady E.

value: Anokhina, Elena M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alpatov G. E., Anokhina E. M. (2021) Global trends in the reproduction of human capital in the tertiary education system. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 37, iss. 1, pp. 34–61.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article assesses global trends in higher education. Two tasks are central to this effort:
1) research into higher as performing the macro-function of producing human capital;
2) a comparison of the organization and financing of higher education in different countries.
Our hypothesis is as follows. Along with the influence of the mental development of the population
and the level of productive forces, we believe that the main difference in the effectiveness
of higher education systems is a consequence of the regulatory influences of governments.
Study of the contradictions accumulated in the course of continuous reform allows us
to propose measures to improve systemic interaction. The article compares the organization
of higher education in the USA, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia at various stages, from admission
to universities, to employment of graduates, and the corresponding organization and
funding of the educational process. Research results are these. Comparing the indicators of
applicant selection suggests replacing the Unified State Exam in Russia with an indicator of
the weighted average score of electronic diaries. The study of the learning process showed a tendency to replace pure sciences in curricula with applied sciences. Variants of increasing the
share of education in pure sciences are proposed to extend the life of basic competencies of
graduates in conditions of local backwardness and uncertainty in the development of regional
labor markets. For organization and financing of higher education, the analysis suggests an incompatibility
between the Bologna system as introduced in Russia, and the preserved course
system of education, with its fixed structure of curricula and expulsion for academic failure.
The article shows ways to eliminate this incompatibility, such as the transition to a subjectstatus
system of education and re-teaching in the subject. This will eliminate the current situation
of fining universities for each expelled student. Conclusions are provided about the need
for an integrated approach to subsequent transformations based on the study of global trends
in the development of higher education and the preservation of the advantages of the development
of Russian higher education.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 37; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: tertiary education

value: reproduction of human capital

value: Unified State Exam

value: training service

value: competency-based approach

value: Bologna system

value: regulatory per capita financing

value: cultural code


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogdanov, A. A.

value: Petin, D. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogdanov A. A., Petin D. I. ‘The Brief Report on the Activities of the Siberian State Papers Manufactory, October 1, 1918 to August 31, 1919’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 260–285.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Civil War

value: White Movement

value: paper banknotes

value: notaphily

value: State papers manufactory

value: Goznak

value: Omsk

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Valko, Danila V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Valko D. V. (2021) Crowdfunding as a tool for investing in sustainable development projects and its place in the green finance ecosystem. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 37, iss. 1, pp. 109–139.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article discusses and substantiates the potential of “green crowdfunding” as a component
of the ecosystem of green finance, including the consideration of its investment features in
financing projects aimed at sustainable development. The main hypothesis under discussion
is that crowdfunding technologies have the potential to increase the financial and commercial
success of environmentally-oriented projects. The achievement of this goal is mediated by
methods of analysis of empirical research, bibliometric and content analysis of publications
in the framework of a systematic approach. The logic of this work predetermines the following
range of tasks: outlining and characterizing the conventional classification of crowdfunding,
systematizing its modern forms; bibliometric and content analysis of the demand for the
concept of green crowdfunding in foreign and domestic studies, as well as the selection of
the conventional interpretation; systematization of the investment features of green crowdfunding
projects; and highlighting the place of green crowdfunding in the ecosystem of green
finance. Green crowdfunding, given the current limitations, remains largely adequate to the
conditions of the ecosystem of green finance, as it supports the selection of green investments
in the global environment of collective investment and interconnects the distributed sources
of ideas in the field of sustainable development with funding sources. This is most relevant in
the context of national economic crises and uneven market compression, where individuals
from other regions and countries can easily be drawn to finance.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 37; Issue 1

value: crowdfunding

value: ecosystem

value: green finance

value: sustainable development

value: crowd technology


dc.contributor.author

value: Shastitko, Andrey E.

value: Markova, Olga A.

value: Meleshkina, Anna I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shastitko A. E., Markova O. A., Meleshkina A. I. (2021) Regulatory contract usage in case of antitrust mergers and acquisitions control. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 37, iss. 1, pp. 3–33.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides an analysis of counterparties’ benefits and costs within the framework of
regulatory contracts the object of which is structural prescriptions issued by the antimonopoly
authority controlling mergers and acquisitions. The purpose of the study is to identify discrete
institutional alternatives for creating credible commitments in regulatory contracts with the
participation of the monitoring trustee (taking into account the risk of distorted incentives).
The object of the study is the regulatory contract between the regulator, the trustee, and the
company (merger participant) in the case of divestiture, since this situation is the most sensitive
in terms of setting incentives and risks of opportunism. The subject of the study is credible
commitments in such regulatory contracts. The analysis is based on methods of new institutional
economics and of law and economics, and it employs mathematical modeling. The
comparative analysis of discrete institutional alternatives is used as the main methodological
approach, and it is based on an analysis of action coordination forms and harmonization of
economic agents’ expectations — in this case, the antimonopoly agency, a trustee, and companies
involved in mergers and acquisitions transactions. Advantages and disadvantages of
the following contracting options were identified: independent monitoring by the regulator;
monitoring with the involvement of a trustee whose activities are financed by the competition
authority or the company; a hybrid approach financing trustee activities; distribution of
income from penalties as a way for financing trustee activities; and a system of pledges in a
tripartite contract. The article also defines the conditions for credible commitments within the
framework of regulatory contracts. The results of this research can be used as a guideline for
institutional design in the Russian antitrust enforcement system.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was prepared as part of the research work of the state task of the RANEPA.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: trustee

value: credible commitments

value: antitrust order

value: merger

value: fifth antimonopoly package


dc.contributor.author

value: Smirnov, Sergei A.

value: Bobrova, Svetlana V.

value: Arenkov, Igor A.

value: Salichova, Jana Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Smirnov S. A., Bobrova S. V., Arenkov I. A., Salihova Ja. Yu. (2021) Sustainable combinations of distinctive features of innovative firms’ business models. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 37, iss. 1, pp. 62–83.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores innovative firms’ business models during the development of the digital
economy. The concept of business models has been in dynamic development for over a decade.
Over the years, a significant number of publications have appeared, including results of
theoretical and empirical studies. However, the distinctive features of business models of innovative
firms have not been sufficiently studied. This article provides data on the attributes of
business models of innovative firms and the development of their typology. For the research
question, the assumption was taken that innovative business models have a moderately stable
set of characteristic features, attributes that can be identified using factor and cluster analysis.
In our framework, business models of 100 innovative companies were analyzed. The purpose
of this study was to identify sustainable combinations of the characteristic features of business
models and the development of typology of identified business models of innovative firms.
The results of the study allowed us to develop a typology of business models of innovative
firms based on the identification of the distinctive characteristics of business models, including
technology, business solutions, and interactions with stakeholders. The results can be used
in theoretical and empirical studies to further develop the typology of business models and
to determine reasons for their success. The practical significance of the work is to identify
sustainable combinations of attributes of business models that can be used for benchmarking,
analysis of business models in the process of their transformation, and identifying key success
factors in the development of the digital economy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 37; Issue 1

value: business model

value: innovative firm

value: business models of innovative firms

value: attributes of business models

value: business trend

value: digital economy

value: digital technologies

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Laskin, Mikhail B.

value: Gadasina, Lyudmila V.

value: Zaytseva, Ekaterina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Laskin M. B., Gadasina L. V., Zaytseva E. A. (2021) The cadastral value as a tool for monitoring the real estate market value. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 37, iss. 1, pp. 84–108.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the theory and practice of real estate valuation, in analytical studies of the dynamics of
real estate markets there is a problem of tracking changes in market prices. The apparent simplicity
of this task leads to the fact that in everyday practice both market participants and
professional analysts are satisfied with observations of average prices. The advantage of this
traditional approach is computational simplicity. However, in the conditions of presence of a
large number of special software and extensive statistical material can be used more complex
research methods. The purpose of this article is to research big current market data of real
estate objects and compare these data with the cadastral value determined in accordance with
Russian legislation as the market value at the specified date. In this regard, there are problems
associated with the multidimensional distribution of market prices and cadastral values. The
article presents the method of calculation of changes of the real estate market prices on the
basis of comparison of two-dimensional prices distributions of offers and cadastral prices for
two periods. The main problem in studying the dynamics of real estate market prices is the
inability to track the change in market prices for each property, as objects are constantly put
up for sale and removed from it. The work carried out in the Russian Federation in 2014 to
establish the cadastral value of real estate opens opportunity to analyze two-dimensional distributions
of current market and cadastral prices and to assess the dynamic characteristics of
the market for any real estate objects. The main result of article is the method which allows to apprise the market value of real estate in real time when new market data come by their
comparison with the previously established cadastral value. Cadastral value is assumed to be
defined as market value at the valuation date.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20–01–00646 (А)).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: real estate market value

value: cadastral value

value: two-dimensional logarithmically normal distribution

value: multidimensional statistical analysis in real estate appraisal


dc.contributor.author

value: Voskanyan, Mariam A.

value: Galstyan, Ani H.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Voskanyan M. A., Galstyan A. H. (2021) Exchange rate regulation in economic unions: The case of Euroasian Economic Union. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 37, iss. 1, pp. 140–165.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores currency regulation in the EAEU countries for the harmonization of
currency policies in the context of economic integration. The object of the study is currency
regulation in countries of Eurasian integration. The main hypothesis is that EAEU member
countries are not ready for currency integration, due to the presence of many macroeconomic
distortions in their economies. The authors assess the possibility of creating a monetary union
by analyzing and evaluating key criteria for currency integration as known in the scholarly
literature. For this goal, the authors conducted a literature review of the key prerequisites
for currency integration, including the experience in the countries of the Eurozone. Then
the authors analyze currency regulation in EAEU countries for meeting key criteria for
currency integration. At this stage, the authors evaluate key factors of currency integration by
EAEU member countries. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was classic
and modern approaches in the field of monetary and currency regulation—in particular, the
research of modern analysts of the International Monetary Fund, the largest Central Banks of
the world, and well-known experts of the field. The research results showed the inexpediency
of creating a currency union within the Euroasian economic space at this stage.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 37; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: economic integration

value: monetary union

value: currency regulation

value: EAEU


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrone, K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrone K. ‘Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible and the History of Mentalités’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, pp. 233–239.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This essay explores Joan Neuberger’s book This Thing of Darkness (Cornell University Press, 2019)
as a work of cultural history. It praises Neuberger’s use of cultural-historical practices such as the history of mentalités
and the study of reception to illuminate Sergei Eisenstein’s artistic process and his subjectivity during the
creation of Ivan the Terrible. Neuberger’s work also illuminates the mentalités of the Soviet arts establishment
seeking to restrain Eisenstein and keep him in line with Soviet cultural norms. Neuberger convincingly argues that
Ivan the Terrible is a subversive critique of Stalin and Stalinism and she demonstrates that Eisenstein was able to
assimilate to Soviet society while simultaneously criticizing Soviet power. It remains doubtful, however, whether
Soviet audiences understood Eisenstein’s cinematically complex critique. One aspect of the film’s context, however,
that might be explored even further is the effect of the cataclysm of the Second World War on the making
of Ivan the Terrible. Neuberger addresses Eisenstein’s grief at the loss of friends and the immense difficulties of
creating a film after being evacuated, but author wonders whether the intense violence of the film reflects, in some
way, Eisenstein’s perceptions of the war. The strength of this book is that it operates on so many different levels of
analysis, and while the war is not as fully fleshed out as it might be, this fact does not take away from Neuberger’s
mastery of Eisenstein’s milieu.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Eisenstein

value: Ivan the Terrible

value: Stalin

value: reception

value: Mentalités

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Deminskaya, Veronika E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Deminskaya V. E. Line managers’ managerial practices in the context of subordinates’ behavioral reactions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 53–77.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the influence of line managers’ day-to-day practices
on employees’ behavior, desirable for the organization, and on the attitudes of the managers
themselves. Desirable behavior of employees included organizational and civic behavior, as
well as self-education practices and team cohesion. Line managers’ job attitudes included job
satisfaction, work involvement and organization commitment. The empirical analysis is based
on the survey of 1116 line managers in 400 organizations from 11 industries. Several results
were obtained during the current study. First, four groups of line managers’ day-to-day practices
were identified: basic functions, such as organization and control as well as planning,
and advanced functions, such as employee development and finance management. Second,
line managers’ employee development practices have the highest level of positive effect on the
desired behavior of subordinates, while finance management practices have a negative effect
on team cohesion and prosocial behavior. Despite the negative effect, a behavior is inspired
that is focused on initiatives and voice. Also, employee development practices have a positive
influence on the job attitudes of line mangers, job involvement and organization commitment,
but finance management has a strong negative influence on line managers’ satisfaction. Consequently,
it seems worthwhile to increase the level of line managers’ employee development
practices, while sole finance management does not result in positive effects. A high level of
employee development practices may increase an organization’s effectiveness.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the HSE Program of Fundamental Studies under the direction of
A. G. Efendiev.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: line managers

value: line managers’ day-to-day practices

value: civic behavior

value: employees’ behavior

value: job attitudes

value: job satisfaction

value: organizational commitment

value: prosocial behavior


dc.contributor.author

value: Balabanova, Evgeniya S.

value: Efendiev, Azer G.

value: Gogoleva, Anna S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Balabanova E. S., Efendiev A. G., Gogoleva A. S. Russian working youth: Strategies to achieve wellbeing. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 33–52.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of the analysis of strategies to achieve wellbeing among Russian
working youth. The analysis is based on the survey of 1121 respondents between 20 and
30 years old, living in Moscow and major cities of eight federal districts of Russia. The article
describes the following five strategies. (1) “Familism” is a predominantly female strategy directed
at attaining a work-life balance. It is characterized by high life satisfaction, low work
and career satisfaction, as well as by low labor mobility. (2) “Rational consumerism” includes
the economical use of family resources and savings activities. It reflects the predominance
of materialistic values, an orientation towards a moderate and quiet life, and the absence of
professional ambitions. (3) “Networking and entrepreneurship” is a pronounced achievementoriented
strategy directed at the accumulation of social capital and entrepreneurial activity.
The strategy is characterized by moral nihilism and by orientations towards personal responsibility
and self-efficiency. (4) “Investing in professional development” is a work-centric
strategy focused on increasing professional knowledge and the acquisition of new professional
skills, together with increasing work efforts. This is a predominantly male strategy, more typical for respondents from Russian regions compared to Moscow. (5) “Civic activism” is a less
frequently mentioned strategy directed at protecting one’s rights and participation in public
and political life. It is common mainly for those living in Moscow. The analysis reveals that
these five strategies are shaped by different combinations of the respondents’ individual characteristics,
values and orientations, industry of employment, residency, and organizational
practices. It was determined that some strategies are developed by the mechanism of accumulating
advantages while others are predominantly compensatory in their nature.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: working youth

value: strategies to achieve wellbeing

value: work-life balance

value: life values

value: work values

value: self-efficacy


dc.contributor.author

value: Bolgov, Mikhail V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bolgov, M. V. (2020). Stochastic hydrology: the development of the main ideas in Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 19–40.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the work is to assess the current state of scientific research and the main results
in the field of stochastic hydrology. Various problems of scientific and applied hydrology are solved on the basis of different types of stochastic models. On the basis of these models, methods
are being developed for obtaining secure engineering runoff characteristics, or reliable
hydrological forecasts of various lead times. Most water management, construction, environmental
and other problems are solved today within the framework of probabilistic models
and statistical methods. The main tasks of stochastic hydrology can be divided into several
groups. Despite the discussion in hydrology on the applicability of the theory of probability
and random processes to the analysis of fluctuations of hydrometeorological series, the problem
of choosing a research methodology remains one of the most important, and is often
discussed in connection with anomalous manifestations of hydrological phenomena (extreme
floods, prolonged droughts). An important applied and theoretical problem in hydrology is
the choice of a one-dimensional probability distribution. In this part, discussions are important
both on the problem of the type of new distributions and on methods for estimating
parameters. Ideas and hypotheses are considered that can significantly increase the reliability
of statistical characteristics. Climatic changes in many cases cause disturbances in the stationarity
of time series of hydrological characteristics. Progress in the development of new
approaches to probabilistic modeling is associated both with the well-known problem of the
sufficiency of the Markov hypothesis and with the need to introduce new, more complex models
and Bayesian estimation methods. The article is devoted to the discussion of the current
state of these problems in the form of a scientific review.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out with partial funding from the state budget within the framework of theme
No. 0147-2019-0003 of the state assignment of the Institute of Water Problems of the Russian Academy of
Sciences (state registration No. AAAA-A18-118022090105-5).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 1

value: stochastic hydrology

value: probability distributions

value: stochastic processes

value: correlation theory

value: long-term fluctuations

value: nonstationary processes

value: Bayesian methods

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kichigina, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kichigina, N. V. (2021). Floods in Siberia: geographical and statistical analysis for the period of climate change. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 41–60.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In Siberia, floods are one of the most dangerous natural disasters. The danger of floods varies
under climatic and anthropogenic changes, as well as socio-economic development. Our
aim was to study the current position of problems associated with flood hazard. A key to
understanding the flood situation is geographical and statistical analysis of the floods for the
period of climate change (1985–2019). Such analyses address the following aspects: study of
flood genesis and recurrence, the severity of the impact for floods of different genesis; analysis
of runoff maxima as the principal cause of floods; analysis of the spatial distribution of settlements
vulnerable to flooding; analysis of ice jams and ice dams as a specific natural factor
causing floods in Siberia; assessment of the degree of danger, and identification of areas with
different integral flood danger. In Siberia, more than 1400 settlements are flooded at regular
intervals. Most of them are concentrated in the southern, most developed territories in the Ob,
Tom and Yeniseiy basins. In Siberia, rainfall, mixed (from snow melting with rainfall) and icedam
floods are the most dangerous. They have the highest recurrence and severity of impact.
The greatest flood risk is in the most populated and economically developed southern regions
within the Ob, Lena and Yenisey rivers and Lake Baikal basins. Territories with the highest
risk of floods were determined. For the Baikal region, one of the most developed territories of
Siberia, the flood hazard was determined for all administrative districts. Flood hazard maps
for Siberian regions can be the basis for developing flood adaptation strategies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out within the state task of the V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography of SB RAS
(state registration topic No. АААА-А17-117041910172-4).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Siberia

value: flood hazard

value: recurrence

value: severity of impact

value: maximum runoff

value: snow melting

value: rainfall

value: ice-dam floods


dc.contributor.author

value: Makarieva, Olga M.

value: Nesterova, Nataliia V.

value: Ostashov, Andrey A.

value: Zemlyanskova, Anastasia A.

value: Tumskoy, Vladimir E.

value: Gagarin, Leonid A.

value: Ekaykin, Alexey A.

value: Shikhov, Andrey N.

value: Olenchenko, Vladimir V.

value: Khristoforov, Ivan I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makarieva, O. M., Nesterova, N. V., Ostashov, A. A., Zemlyanskova, A. A., Tumskoy, V. E., Gagarin, L. A., Ekaykin, A. A., Shikhov, A. N., Olenchenko, V. V., Khristoforov, I. I. (2021). Perspectives of the development of complex interdisciplinary hydrological and geocryological research in the North-East of Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 74–90.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Climate warming and anthropogenic impact are causing transformation of geocryological
conditions in the river basins of Northeast Russia. Changes in the thickness of the active layer,
configuration of taliks, types of landscapes and other factors lead to the transformation of
water exchange processes between surface and groundwater runoff. This is manifested in the
seasonal redistribution of the components of the water balance, accelerated melting of aufeis,
and change in the ratio of waters of different genesis in the structure of river runoff. As a result,
natural and anthropogenic risks that affect the safe and efficient development of infrastructure
and socio-economic processes are increasing. At the same time, the system of observations
developed in the Soviet period has been practically destroyed in the region. This paper offers
a vision of organizing complex multidisciplinary research to assess and project changes in
the conditions of underground and surface water interaction in natural and disturbed river basins of the cryolithozone of Northeast Russia, including for solving applied problems, based
on permafrost, hydrology, hydrogeology, landscape science and geophysics with applications
of remote sensing and field research integrated through mathematical modeling methods. To
achieve this goal, natural and disturbed landscapes will be identified using remote sensing
data, and key areas will be selected for detailed research. Geophysical and drilling works will
be carried out within the sites to establish permafrost-hydrogeological conditions, monitoring
stations will be equipped to determine hydrogeological, hydrometeorological and geocryological
characteristics, including sampling for isotopic and hydrogeochemical studies. As the
main key sites, we propose using the area of the Kolyma Water-Balance Station and the site of
the Anmangynda aufeis, where long-term observation series were carried out in the 20th century.
Field data will become the basis for improving the mathematical model of runoff formation,
considering the relationship between groundwater and river runoff in the conditions of
permafrost. Mathematical modeling will make it possible to quantitatively analyze the water
balance of rivers considering various factors, and project water availability both for specific
industrial facilities and for the region as a whole.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Geographical Society (project 26/2019-I) and Russian Foundation
for Basic Research (projects 19-55-80028, 19-35-90090 and 20-05-00666).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: water exchange processes

value: permafrost

value: river runoff

value: active layer

value: talik

value: suprapermafrost waters

value: underground runoff

value: aufeis

value: geophysics

value: remote sensing

value: mathematical modeling

value: monitoring

value: isotopes

value: climate change

value: anthropogenic disturbances

value: Northeast Russia


dc.contributor.author

value: Lomova, Diana V.

value: Kremenetskaya, Ekaterina R.

value: Grechushnikova, Maria G.

value: Efimova, Ludmila E.

value: Lomov, Viktor A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lomova, D. V., Kremenetskaya, E. R., Grechushnikova, M. G., Efimova, L. E., Lomov, V. A. (2021). On the relation of bottom valley-type reservoir hydrocarbon carbon flux and hydrological structure of water body. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 61–73.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Circulation of carbon in water bodies is a fundamental process of the nutrient cycle in water
ecosystems. Carbon flux from bottom sediments is currently the least studied chain of this circulation.
The aim of this investigation was the study of HCO3 flux from bottom sediments in
the valley-type reservoir and identification of their relationship with the hydrological structure
of the water column. Fieldwork and laboratory experiments were conducted at the Mozhaisk
reservoir in 2017–2019. These years differed in weather conditions, level regime and stability
of water masses. Hydrological surveys were conducted three times during the summer period
of each year. They included measuring the vertical distribution of hydrological characteristics
and sampling of water and bottom sediments. The Kuznetsov-Romanenko tube method was
used to study exchange processes. Hydrocarbonate carbon flux from sediments into the water
may range widely (50–900 mgC/m2day). By comparing HCO3 flux with the hydrological
structure of the water column, it was revealed that in deep (> 8 m) areas, the release of HCO3
depends on the stratification and thickness of the uniform hypolymnion, where seiches and
compensation currents may promote transsedimentation from shallow places to the flooded
river bed. In areas with a depth of < 8 m, hydrocarbonate carbon flux from sediments depends
much more on the autochthonic organic matter produced by phytoplankton. The relationship
between HCO3 flux and the content of organic matter in the soil and its hygroscopic humidity
is insignificant.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The present work was carried out under the theme АААА-А16-116032810054-3 Hydrological regime
of water objects under conditions of climate change and anthropogenic impact; fieldwork was supported by
RFBR 18-05-01066.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: bottom sediments

value: hydrocarbonate carbon flux

value: stratification

value: reservoir

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ayzel, Georgy V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ayzel, G. V. (2021). Deep neural networks in hydrology: the new generation of universal and efficient models. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 5–18.

dc.description.abstract

value:
For around a decade, deep learning — the sub-field of machine learning that refers to artificial
neural networks comprised of many computational layers — has been modifying the landscape
of statistical model development in many research areas, such as image classification,
machine translation, and speech recognition. Geoscientific disciplines in general and the field
of hydrology in particular, are no exception to this movement. Recently, the proliferation of
modern deep learning-based techniques and methods has been actively gaining popularity
for solving a wide range of hydrological problems: modeling and forecasting of river runoff,
hydrological model parameters regionalization, assessment of available water resources, and
identification of the main drivers of the recent change in water balance components. This
growing popularity of deep neural networks is primarily due to their high universality and
efficiency. The presented qualities, together with the rapidly growing amount of accumulated
environmental information, as well as the increasing availability of computing facilities and
resources, allow us to speak about deep neural networks as a new generation of mathematical
models designed to, if not to replace existing solutions, then significantly enrich the field of
geophysical processes modeling. This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of
the field of development and application of deep neural networks in hydrology. Also in the
following study, the qualitative long-term forecast regarding the development of deep learning
technology for managing the corresponding hydrological modeling challenges is provided
based on the use of the Gartner Hype Curve, which in the general details describes the life
cycle of modern technologies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR (project no. 19-35-60005).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: deep neural networks

value: deep learning

value: machine learning

value: hydrology

value: modeling


dc.contributor.author

value: Makarieva, Olga M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makarieva O. M. (2021). Special issue “Interdisciplinary hydrological research: modeling and forecasting”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 66 (1), 4.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Ludmila A., Vidiasova

value: Dmitrii R., Trutnev

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vidiasova L. A., Trutnev D. R. Challenges to E-government in modern realities. Results of the VII International scientific conference “Electronic governance and open society: Challenges in Eurasia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 101–104.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 14; Issue 1