dc.contributor.author

value: Kelly, Catriona

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kelly C. H. M. Protest and Discipline: Shostakovich and the Revolutionary Self. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1132–1155.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article returns to the topic of Shostakovich’s political views, and specifically, his response
to the revolutions of 1917. It argues that the view of Shostakovich as certainly neutral if not
positively dissident is coloured by the assumptions of the post-Stalin era and the views current
at the time of what constituted principled behaviour. If we return to primary documents (e. g.
Shostakovich’s autobiographical questionnaire or his correspondence), the standpoint is
much more elusive, and also heavily nuanced by genre and addressee. The main purpose of
the article, however, is to look in detail at what it meant for Shostakovich to experience the
revolutions at an extremely young age (only 9). Context for this is provided in an important
collection of children’s autobiographies collected by the émigré charitable association, Zemgor,
in 1923–1924. These texts, written in an atmosphere that did not require the expression of
revolutionary solidarity (as comparable Soviet autobiographies did), and which was even
positively hostile to this, nevertheless often record the euphoria as well as terror that the
events of 1917 inspired. A further frame for Shostakovich’s later personal development was his
exposure to a contradictory and conflicted educational process. The schooling that he received
at the Shidlovskaya College, a Montessori-inspired free school, stood in radical contrast to the
harsh discipline and regimentation of his education at the Conservatoire, a conflict that also
helps to explain some of the cognitive dissonance of his later years.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The project Childhood in Russia, 1890–1991: A Social and Cultural History was supported by the
Leverhulme Trust
The author would like to thank participants in the conference “Schostakowitsch: Handgranat eines
Anarchisten” at the Hochschule Luzern, 2013, Professor Philip Ross Bullock, Dr Rosamund Bartlett, and the
two anonymous readers at Vestnik of Saint-Petersburg University. History for their useful comments and
suggestions on earlier versions of this text. My thanks also to the staffs of the Bodleian Library, University of
Oxford, Russian National Library, and the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) for their help.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Shostakovich

value: the history of childhood in Russia

value: personal development in the early 20th century

value: history of culture

value: history of education


dc.contributor.author

value: Pashkov, Аleksandr M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pashkov A. M. Olonets Province Peasants at Military Transportations near St. Petersburg in the Period of the Napoleon’s Invasion. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1017–1030.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes an unknown episode of Patriotic war of 1812 — the participation of
mining peasants of Olonets province in military transportations near St. Petersburg. When
Napoleon occupied Moscow the capital of the Russian Empire St. Petersburg found itself in
semi-isolation from the main part of the country. In that conditions the only secure communication
became Yaroslavl high road. But its uninterrupted functioning depended from
carts and carters abundance. In that period Committee of Ministers protected administrative
and economical measures for St. Petersburg defence, and it arrived at a decision to mobilize
3000 peasants from Olonets province with horses and carts for service at Yaroslavl high road.
Until now this episode never researched in historiography. The article made an attempt to
uncover it from historical anthropology point of view on the base of published and archive
sources. Nearly half of Olonets province peasants, involved in military transportations, were
1408 mining peasants from Petrozavodsk district. They were situated nearly city of Tikhvin
and were divided into several groups. Every group was headed by a small mining official.
These officials were obliged to send reports about their activity to Petrozavodsk regularly. The
file with these reports is keeping at National archive of the Republic of Karelia. The analysis
of its reports allow to introduce everyday life of these peasant carters and character of their
works, to display their relationships with local and mining authorities, to reveal elements of
social protest, etc. So participation of Olonets province peasants in military transportations
demanded from them huge efforts, was accompanied by heavy asperities and displays of social
protests.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Olonets province (guberniia)

value: mining peasants

value: military transportations

value: Patriotic war of 1812

value: defence of St. Petersburg

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


title: Landowners’ Сolonization of Bashkiria

dc.contributor.author

value: Shaikhislamov, Rashit B.

value: Aznabaev, Bulat A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shaikhislamov R. B., Aznabaev B. A. Landowners’ Сolonization of Bashkiria. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 987–1000.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The “closed city” practice, exercised in Ufa province before 1735, together with the unfavourable
political situation led to the bad crisis of estate landownership of the Ufa district. The
population polls of the mid-XVII — beginning of XVIII cc. justify the fact that Ufa noblemen
had to succumb to the fate of socially deprived Siberian nobility, practically devoid of serf
peasants. The beginning of the largest-scale Bashkir insurrection of 1735–1736 made the administration
review its attitude to the former ban on Bashkir estate lands sale. In the history
of Bashkir landowners’ colonization the edict dated February 11th, 1736, allowing the local officers
and officials to buy lands from Bashkir communities, was of principal importance. This
procedure was exercised simultaneously with the establishment of the Russian government
military control over the south-eastern border, separating Bashkir estate lands from Kazakh
migratory tribes. From this moment on there is a stop in diplomatic contacts of the Bashkir
elite with the governors of the Middle Asia, Kazakhstan and Turkey that meant the complete
loss of political subjection by the Bashkirs. Bashkir communities become active participants of
economic relations with Russian landowners, plant owners and the state institutions. Russian
government preserved estate dynastic rights with the Bashkirs and refused from large-scale
operations on the expropriation of Bashkir lands, transferring the mission of colonization to
private persons, who had to arrange the issue with the local communities by themselves. The
permission to sell estate lands forced landowners to active participation in the system of Russian
legal relations, to contact the Russian government and customers.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Bashkiria

value: landowners

value: estates

value: landownership

value: peasants

value: serfs

value: donations

value: Bashkir insurrections

dc.title

value: Landowners’ Сolonization of Bashkiria


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasilyev, Pavel A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasilyev P. A. Drug Addiction and the Practice of Public Health in Late Imperial and Early Soviet Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1100–1119.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The relatively short period from 1914 to 1932 witnessed a radical change in the attitudes of
both governmental authorities and professional communities towards drugs and addiction.
Before the First World War, Russians could easily buy cocaine or heroin at a pharmacy,
medical science did not view addiction as a serious social problem. There was practically
no government regulation or legislation concerning recreational drugs. By the early 1930s,
however, the market of recreational drugs had been heavily regulated, drug sale had been
criminalized, and physicians and criminologists had begun to label drug addicts as bourgeois,
degenerate, or otherwise socially anomalous people who should be sent to special camps. An
important turning point occurred in late 1924, when Soviet authorities issued two decrees
that provided a legal definition of criminal drug sales, signaling the start of a more intensive
struggle against drug abuse. This paper examines the social practice of late Imperial and early
Soviet public health in order to evaluate the evolution of “in-the-field” medical approaches
towards opiate, cocaine and cannabis addiction. It focuses on the period when drug use
was first constructed as a delinquency, and thus as a social problem requiring immediate
intervention. It examines attempts of physicians and pharmacists to restrict and control drug
production, distribution and sale; sanitary propaganda and other prophylactic measures;
and the establishment of special institutions for the treatment of addicts. It is concerned only
peripherally with the judicial prosecution of drug dealers and drug addicts.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was prepared within the framework of the Gerda Henkel Foundation grant AZ 34 / P / 11.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: drug addiction

value: public health

value: late Imperial Russia

value: early Soviet Russia

value: opiates

value: cocaine


title: Jealousy not from mind

dc.contributor.author

value: Petrov, Ivan V.

value: Oboznyi, Konstantin P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrov I. V., Oboznyi K. P. Jealousy not from mind. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1329–1338.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The object of this article is a review of the recently published collection of documents — “Order:
The Archive to destroy! The Baltic Exarchate and the Pskov Orthodox Mission during
the years of the German occupation of 1941–1944” (S. K. Bernev, A. I. Rupasov. SPb., 2016.
552 p.) The collection was supposed to be one of the important milestone in the study of the
activities of the Orthodox clergy on the areas of the Soviet Union, temporarily occupied by
the Nazis, during War War II. But in reality, the authors-writers, published materials from
inaccessible departmental archives without good scientific comments. They preferred did not
involve many fairly well-known facts from the Church history of the twentieth century, that’s
why collection of documents became a book with many errors and inaccuracies. From the
title of the collection, and also because of many formulations cited in the introduction, there
is a very definite impression that, first of all, the collection is purely ideological in character
and aims to discredit the ministry of all orthodox priesthood in the temporarily occupied territory,
often without bringing any accurate data on the harm caused by the Orthodox clergy
to the population of the USSR during the war years. The absence of direct references to documents,
as well as the careless treatment of church terms, showing a low professionalism of
authors-compilers in the work on the produced material. It is important to note that they have
only one archive: The Archive of the Federal Security Service of the Pskov region, which shows
the initial ideological framework when approaching the publication of documents and sampling
the data itself. It seems that the main goal of the compilation for its compilers, Stanislav
Bernev and Aleksander Rupasov, is the rehabilitation of Stalin’s post-war repression against
the Orthodox clergy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Sergiy (Voskresenskiy)

value: Pskov Orthodox Mission

value: Baltic Exarchate

value: occupation

value: World War II

value: Russian Orthodox Church

dc.title

value: Jealousy not from mind

dc.type

value: Article


title: Conservatives against Uvarov’s Triad

dc.contributor.author

value: Kotov, Aleskandr E.

value: Amosova, Alisa A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotov A. E., Amosova A. A. Conservatives against Uvarov’s Triad. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1031–1046.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The notion of “Russian conservatism” is commonly associated with the support of so called
Uvarov’s triad. However, as noted even by Soviet researchers, many individual conservatives
were not in the mainstream of the government policy. At the same time, the conservatives did
not constitute a single whole. United by their general commitment to historical continuity,
they often understood it in fundamentally different ways, focusing on various aspects:
national, class, institutional, state or religious. As a consequence, they disintegrated into
numerous circles, groups, “parties” and “factions” of most diverse and bizarre types. The
struggle among them often resulted in inconsistencies with the essential points of Uvarov’s
triad. The attitude of various conservative groups towards the principle of “nationality” was
most complicated. The last and the most “innovative” element of Uvarov’s triad was a “sacred
cow” of Slavophilism and Katkov’s circle. Yet it was also criticized, and most severely — by
V. D. Skaryatin and N. N. Yumatov, editors of the Vest’ newspaper and masterminds of nobiliary
conservatism. Another element of Uvarov’s triad — “orthodoxy” — was not criticized openly.
However, the attitude of conservatives towards it was not as unambiguous as it might seem at
first glance. The central element of Uvarov’s triad — “autocracy” — also underwent a peculiar,
not always evident transformation in the conservatives’ views. Post-reform conservatism was
in fact broader than Uvarov’s triad — both because of its heterogeneity and because of its
belonging to an era that was far from conservative. All this ultimately led the followers of postreform
Russian conservatives to support the Progressive bloc.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation МД-5387.2018.6
“The Russian Conservative Press of the 1860s–1890s in the struggle against revolutionary and national radicalism”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: conservatism

value: nationalism

value: Uvarov’s triad

value: monarchy

value: slavophilism

value: orthodoxy

value: autocracy

value: nationality

dc.title

value: Conservatives against Uvarov’s Triad


title: The Bronze Horse Bit from the Central Burial Chamber of the Kurgan Arzhan-1

dc.contributor.author

value: Horvath, Veronika

dc.identifier.citation

value: Horvath V. The Bronze Horse Bit from the Central Burial Chamber of the Kurgan Arzhan- 1. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1221–1237.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Arzhan-1 kurgan plays a very important role in the research regarding the early Scythian
age in Inner Asia and Kazakhstan. To begin with, it is one of the earliest monument to
demonstrate the developed Scythian Triad. In the article, the authors will be examining the
unusually structured bronze horse — bit found in the central chamber of the kurgan. The external
ring of one of the parts of this bit seems to be of an elongated stirrup shape with signs of a
supplementary hole. A thorough examination of the object has revealed that the two pieces of
the bit are completely different from each other, not only in form but as regards their chemical
composition as well. The part with rectangular relief designs in two or more rows along one
side of the mouthpiece, is similar to the sets of horse trappings of the classical Novocherkassk
type and early Zhabotin period in Eastern Europe dating from the end of 8th — the first half
of 7th c. BC. Bronze horse bits with the “pawn shaped” external ring known from Tuva and the
mountainous and foothill regions of Altai, at first sight seem similar to the presented form, but
were found in the so-called Y-shaped side-structures. When studying their structural characteristics,
experts determined that this type of bit and side structure is presumably an imitation
of the structure of the inflexible horse-bits. Taking into account all the examined data, the location
of the bit within the tomb and the circumstances of the kurgan’s excavation, it becomes
obvious that the system of relationships characteristic of the Tuva region, the neighboring and
further areas in the Scythian Age had begun to develop already in the Arzhan Era.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The author of the article would like to express her gratitude to the director of the Aldan-Maadyr,
National Museum of the Republic of Tyva, Bicheldej Kadir-ool Alekseevich; to Mongush Laida Kara-oolovna,
the museum’s deputy director; to Khovalig Rolanda Biche-oolovna, the museum’s chief curator, and to
Ayanmaa Ondar Valerievna, a colleague from the archaeological collection of the museum for the opportunity
to study the Arzhan-1 kurgan finds and to prepare a publication.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: mouth-pieces of the classical Novocherkassk type

value: early Zhabotin

value: Tuva

value: Altai

value: Eastern Aral area


dc.contributor.author

value: Weber, Dmitriy I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Weber D. I. Russian Prerevolutionary Historiography about Medieval Individual Religiosity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1277–1288.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to a number of Russian studies regarding the medieval religiosity of the
individual. As a rule, the development of this direction is associated with the Annales school,
which in the 20th century had a serious influence on various historical research aspects not
only in Europe. In the framework of this article, the attention is focused on the research work
of Guerrier, Karsavin, Kudryavtsev, and Bitsilli. In the national historical scholarship at the
time, the term “mentality” was absent. However, such concepts as “consciousness”, “religiosity”
were repeatedly used. The researchers sought to explain not only the formation and
significance of this phenomenon in the context of social history, but also paid attention to
its cultural specificity, in particular, referring to the symbolism of the medieval individual’s
thinking. Some of the Russian historians of medieval European history the late 19th — first
decade of the 20th century made a significant contribution to the work on the subject. The
interest in the man in history emerged in Russian medieval studies of the time. It is important
to note that in analyzing the religiousness of an individual, Russian scholars focused on the
views of certain outstanding personalities: as a rule, those of the elite, the chroniclers and the
theologians. Further development of research in this direction was interrupted by political
events and the later formation of a new historical pattern. Russian scholarship addressed this
problem again only in the 1980s.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared for the RSF project N. 16-18-10083 “The study of religion in social and cultural
context of the epoch: the history of religious and intellectual history of Russia in the first half of XIX–
XX centuries”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

value: religiosity

value: Karsavin

value: Kudryavtsev

value: Bitsilli

value: Guerrier

value: Middle Ages

dc.type

value: Article


title: Dreams about the Black Sea

dc.contributor.author

value: Vozgrin, Valerii E.

value: Petrova, Ariadna A.

value: Ushakov, Vladimir A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vozgrin V. E., Petrova A. A., Ushakov V. A. Dreams about the Black Sea. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1317–1328.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review of the book by the English researcher Neal Ascherson “Black Sea. The Birthplace
of Civilization and Barbarism” (2017) analyzes the contribution made by the author to the
study of the Black Sea basin and, mainly, the ethnic, political and cultural history of the tribes
and peoples of the Black Sea since the deep antiquity to the present day. To successfully solve
the task, N. Ascherson chose the genre of travel writing supplemented by insights into the
historical past of the region. A comprehensive comparative approach to the work has revealed
that N. Ascherson achieved his goal, but did not manage to avoid a number of serious mistakes.
Some of them are caused by the author’s insufficient knowledge of the subject of study and
the realities of the Black Sea region. Other errors stem from N. Ascherson’s biased approach to
assessing the role of historical figures and entire ethnic groups in the events and phenomena
related to the history of the Black Sea region. For example, he fails to consider the biggest
drama in the modern history of the Black Sea region — the deportation of the Crimean Tatars
in 1944. The heroic pages of the defense of Novorossiysk and Sevastopol from the German
and Romanian aggressors are also poorly reflected. Virtually nothing is said about the modern history of the region. The reviewers have made major comments, which, perhaps, will help
readers to avoid mistakes in their own perception of the historical past and the present-day
reality of the region.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Black Sea

value: Hinterland

value: Scythians

value: Goths

value: Crimean Tatars

value: Abkhazians

value: Turks

dc.title

value: Dreams about the Black Sea


dc.contributor.author

value: Cherkasov, Aleksandr A.

value: Koroleva, Larisa A.

value: Bratanovskii, Sergei N.

value: Valleau, Annick

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cherkasov A. А., Koroleva L. A., Bratanovskii S. N., Valleau A. The Abkhazian and Mingrelian Principalities: Historical and Demographic Research. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1001–1016.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines the historical and demographic aspects of the development of the
Abkhazian and Mingrelian principalities within the Russian Empire. The attention is drawn to
the territorial disputes among rulers over the ownership of Samurzakan. The sources used for
this study include documents from the State archives of Krasnodar Krai (Krasnodar, Russian
Federation), the Central state historical archive of Georgia (Tbilisi, Georgia), statistical
data of the 1800s–1860s on Abkhazia, Mingrelia and Samurzakan, as well as memoirs and
diaries of travelers. The authors came to the following conclusions: 1) the uprising of Shikh
Mansur in 1785 led to the adoption of new religious rules among the population of Circassia
and Abkhazia. As a result, Islam began to spread in Abkhazia. At the time, Islam did not,
however, reach Samurzakan and Mingrelia. Both territories remained Christian; 2) as soon as
the Abkhazian and Mingrelian principalities were annexed to the Russian Empire, the ruling
princes started greatly overestimating the local population rates. They believed that there were
on average at least 9–10 people per household on the territories they ruled. In reality, there
were 4,7 people per household in Abkhazia and about 7 in Mingrelia; 3) the beginning of the
process of decentralization, which was characteristic of the Circassian tribes, can be illustrated by the Abkhazian principality, where it was very awas accompanied by the emergence of
independent estates. By contrast, Mingrelia was not subject to decentralization processes;
4) the decision to attach the Russian administration to the Sukhum Military Department of
the Samurzakan pristavstvo in 1864 was taken to create an inter-confessional balance between
the strongly Islamized Abkhazia and Christian Samurzakan.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Abkhazia

value: Mingrelia

value: Principalities

value: Samurzakan

value: Russian Empire


title: Trade Expansion within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance after the Polish and Hungarian Crises

dc.contributor.author

value: Popov, Aleksei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popov A. A. Trade Expansion in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance after the Polish and Hungarian Crises. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1303–1316.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA/Comecon) was established in 1949, but
active cooperation between socialist countries of Eastern Europe began only in the mid-1950s.
The CMEA countries sought to expand intra-bloc trade, especially against the backdrop of
the success of Western European integration. The purpose of this research is to identify and
analyze the non-market trade links within the CMEA in 1956–1959 as factors for expanding
integration between socialist countries. The analysis is based on the materials of the Russian
State Archive of Modern History, and the Russian State Archive of Economics. In 1956,
accelerated industrialization in Eastern Europe led to the emergence of crisis phenomena in
most CMEA countries. The relations between states were tense. The Polish and Hungarian
crises of 1956 showed the severity of the situation. The Soviet Union harshly suppressed
political opponents. At the same time, Moscow tried to support the economies of the CMEA
countries. One of these measures was expanding trade with them. The results of the research
showed that there was nonmarket expansion of trade in the case of coal supplies to Poland
and Czechoslovakia, imports of Polish coal, exports of Bulgarian tobacco. In 1957–1958, there
were serious imbalances in intra-bloc trade. Normalization of trade relations was intended
to be achieved through the creation of the Multilateral Clearing System. In 1958–1959, this
system was ineffective. This suggests that the CMEA countries used trade relations in the
period under review mainly as a political tool.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Russian Scientific Foundation grant. Project No. 17-78-10070.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

value: CMEA

value: Comecon

value: Planned economies

value: Eastern Europe integration

value: History of Cold war

value: factors of trade creation

dc.type

value: Article


title: The Problem of Returning of American Diplomats to Liberated Czechoslovak Republic

dc.contributor.author

value: Yungblyud, Valery T.

value: Zorin, Artem V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yungblyud V. T., Zorin A. V. The Problem of Returning of American Diplomats in Liberated Czechoslovak Republic. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1289–1302.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the circumstances of the return of American diplomats to the territory
of Czechoslovakia liberated by the Red Army in the first half of 1945. On the basis of archival
documents, the interaction between American and Soviet diplomats concerning the dates
of the arrival of American representatives in the Czechoslovak Republic with the view to
officially restoring the US Embassy in this country was studied. The political context that
accompanied the coordination of the quantitative composition of the American mission, its
routes to the destination and the location of the embassy in liberated Prague in May 1945 is
also examined. The starting point for the analysis is the conclusion of the Central European
Division of the US State Department made in January 1945, supported by the opinion of the
US Ambassador to the USSR A. Harriman, that the relations of the Czechoslovak Government
with the American, British and Soviet Governments were “excellent” and did not pose any
problems. The development of the US-Soviet dialogue on Czechoslovak problems in January-
April 1945, however, did not confirm these optimistic forecasts. Documents from the National
Archives of the United States and a number of other sources made it possible to reconstruct the situation in Soviet-American relations with regard to the Czechoslovak Republic, to
investigate Washington’s reaction to the refusal of the USSR to allow American diplomats to
enter the Czechoslovak Republic, the attempts of the Roosevelt and Truman administrations
to overcome Moscow’s objections and outline possible responses. In May 1945, a way out of
the impasse was found.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for state support
of the leading universities of the Russian Federation, NSh-9803.2016.6.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: World War II

value: Soviet-American relations

value: American-Czechoslovak relations

value: history of Czechoslovakia

value: E. Beneš


dc.contributor.author

value: Lysenko, Yuliya A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lysenko Yu. A. National Units of the Red Army in the Steppe Region and Turkestan During the Civil War. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1120– 1131.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the process of formation of national military units of the Red Army among
the indigenous Muslims of the Steppe Region and Turkestan during the Civil War of 1918–
1922 on the basis of the following sources: legislative acts of the Soviet government, orders and
reports of regional party authorities, and commanders of the Eastern and Turkestan fronts. In
1918 and during the first half of 1919, the Bolsheviks didn’t achieve a considerable progress
with regard to this question. The situation can be explained by a number of reasons. The
positive dynamics of the process of forming national military units among the indigenous
ethnic groups of the Steppe Region and Turkestan emerged in the first half of 1919 because
of the success of the Red Army on the Eastern and Turkestan fronts. Among other important
factors in the successful mobilization of Muslims into the Red Army were: large-scale political
work and propaganda campaign of the Communist party of Turkestan among the Muslims,
the creation of a Muslim faction within the party, defection of the leaders of the Alash party
and the Basmachi movement to the Bolsheviks, the formation of the Turkestan and Kirghiz
(Kazakh) Autonomous Soviet socialist republics. Therefore, the Bolsheviks opted for the
ethnic, rather than confessional principle in creating military units. This tactic logically
followed the process of nation building in the region. It took account of the interests of ethnic
groups convinced that the presence of military units was a symbol of the national identity and
liability for retaining public and cultural independence.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out within the framework of the Ministry of Education and Science of the
Russian Federation on the theme “Development of the Ethno-Religious Situation in the Transboundary
Spaces of Altai, Kazakhstan and Mongolia in the Context of State and Faith Policy: Historical Experience
and Current Trends” (Project No. 33.2177.2017 / 4.6).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: the Civil War

value: the Red Army

value: the Steppe Krai

value: Turkestan

value: Muslim military units


dc.contributor.author

value: Pronoza, Anton A.

value: Vitkova, Lidia A.

value: Chechulin, Andrey A.

value: Kotenko, Igor V.

value: Sakharov, Dmitry V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pronoza A. A., Vitkova L. A., Chechulin A. A., Kotenko I. V., Sakharov D. V. Methodology for disseminating information channels analysis in social networks. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 362–377.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the investigation was to develop a methodology for disseminating information
channels analysis in social networks. The proposed methodology is based on the three steps.
The first one is the formation of a knowledge base with information about the relationships
between users and groups. The second one is the interactive mapping of information
dissemination paths, and the third one is related to the visual analysis of the results obtained
in previous steps. The interconnections of users and groups in the social network allow one
to form the connectivity graphs, and the facts of information transfer through these channels
make it possible to identify the ways of content distribution. The results of experiments that
confirm the applicability of the proposed methodology are also presented in the paper.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work is at partial supported by Russian Found of Fundamental Research (project N 18-71-10094 mol-a).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: social network

value: visualization

value: protection against information

value: inappropriate information

value: connection graph

value: visual analytics

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zakharov, Aleksey O.

value: Kovalenko, Yulia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zakharov A. O., Kovalenko Yu. V. Construction and reduction of the Pareto set in asymmetric travelling salesman problem with two criteria. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 378–392.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We consider the bicriteria asymmetric traveling salesman problem (bi-ATSP). The optimal
solution to a multicriteria problem is usually supposed to be the Pareto set, which is rather
wide in real-world problems. For the first time, we apply to the bi-ATSP the axiomatic
approach of the Pareto set reduction proposed by V. Noghin. We identify series of “quanta
of information” that guarantee the reduction of the Pareto set for particular cases of the
bi-ATSP. An approximation of the Pareto set to the bi-ATSP is constructed by a new multiobjective
genetic algorithm. The experimental evaluation carried out in this paper shows the
degree of reduction of the Pareto set approximation for various “quanta of information” and
various structures of the bi-ATSP instances generated randomly or from TSPLIB problems.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project N 17-07-00371) and by
the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation (under the 5-100 Excellence Programme).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: reduction of the Pareto set

value: decision maker preferences

value: multiobjective genetic algorithm

value: computational experiment


dc.contributor.author

value: Wöhrle, Georg

dc.identifier.citation

value: Georg Wöhrle. Anaximander, Patrokles, oder vielleicht Eudoxos? Resümee einer Deutungsgeschichte des sogenannten Trierer Anaximander-Mosaiks vor dem Hintergrund der biographischen, doxographischen und archäologischen Zeugnisse. Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 200–212.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A fragment of mosaic dating to the second century CE, the shard of a larger composition,
discovered in 1898 on an excavation site of a Roman domus in Trier, and currently part of
the collection of Rheinisches Landesmuseum, is well preserved, meticulously executed and
not untouched by genius. A bald philosopher with a full grey beard rimming his face is seated
holding in his lap what is very likely to be a sundial. He is turned halfway to the front, aiming
his gaze up over his right shoulder. It is an easy guess, and on initial publication the then director
of Landesmuseum Emil Krüger tentatively identified the figure as Anaximander. Over
a hundred years on, the opinion has not changed much. Sceptical minds have been spurred by
the lack of evidence on Anaximander to go on to identify the figure with a certain sculptor Patrocles,
the inventor, according to Vitruvius, of a kind of sundial called pelecinum. It is unlikely
that an artist would draw inspiration from such an obscure person. Better still, a philosopher
a cut above Anaximander, Eudoxus, could have served as a prototype, especially since he had
also built a sundial called arachne. As we know from Vitruvius, it was of a different shape, but
one would not expect an artist to be true to hard fact. However long we strain our eyes to grasp
the features of Eudoxus and Anaximander in the ‘mosaics of philosophers’ from Pompeii, the
Roman Anaximander in an inscribed relief, or other works of similar type, any secure attribution
will still be out of our reach. The reception of Anaximander in the classical culture will
not have been much different: it was he who came down to late Roman art as the inventor of sundial. Had we possessed the yet lacking parts of the mosaic, we would probably have seen
other inventors. A shadow of doubt is cast over the idea of K. Schefold that Anaximander gazes
skywards comprehending „the coming to being and destruction of heavenly bodies”. Clearly,
an inventor of sundial would rather be watching the sun.

dc.language.iso

value: de

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 13; Issue 2

value: Anaximander

value: Roman mosaic from Trier

value: Eudoxus

value: sculptor Patrocles

value: portraits of ancient philosophers


dc.contributor.author

value: Amoskov, Victor M.

value: Arslanova, Daria N.

value: Bazarov, Alexandr M.

value: Belov, Alexandr V.

value: Belyakov, Valery A.

value: Firsov, Alexey A.

value: Gapionok, Elena I.

value: Kaparkova, Marina V.

value: Kukhtin, Vladimir P.

value: Lamzin, Evgeny A.

value: Larionov, Mikhail S.

value: Mizintzev, Alexandr V.

value: Mikhailov, Valery M.

value: Nezhentzev, Andrey N.

value: Ovsyannikov, Dmitrij A.

value: Ovsyannikov, Alexandr D.

value: Rodin, Igor Yu.

value: Shatil, Nikolay A.

value: Sytchevsky, Sergey E.

value: Vasiliev, Vyacheslav N.

value: Zenkevich, Margarita Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Amoskov V. M., Arslanova D. N., Bazarov A. M., Belov A. V., Belyakov V. A., Firsov A. A., Gapionok E. I. , Kaparkova M. V., Kukhtin V. P., Lamzin E. A., Larionov M. S., Mizintzev A. V., Mikhailov V. M., Nezhentzev A. N., Ovsyannikov D. A., Ovsyannikov A. D., Rodin I. Yu., Shatil N. A., Sytchevsky S. E., Vasiliev V. N., Zenkevich M. Yu. Simulations of maglev EDS performance with detailed numerical models. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 286–301.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article finalizes the feasibility analysis of electrodynamic suspension systems (EDS)
for magnetically levitated (maglev) transport. Parametric simulations for a range of EDS
configurations were justified in comparison with evaluations from basic theoretical works of
Russian authors. The electromagnetic behaviour of EDS components was simulated using
detailed numerical models and original software oriented to parallel computations on multiprocessor
platforms. Results of computations were compared to measurements on scaled
prototypes and data obtained at Inductrack experiments in the Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory. A desired accuracy of the simulation was demonstrated that proved reliability
of the virtual prototyping and enabled scaling of the operational parameters with respect to
the power consumption, load capacity, tolerances and other characteristics of real levitated
vehicles.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 14; Issue 4

value: magnetic levitation

value: vehicle

value: electromagnetic suspension

value: electrodynamic suspension

value: hybrid suspension

value: simulation

value: prototype

value: finite elements

value: computational technique

value: 3D modelling

value: magnetic field

value: eddy current

value: lifting and drag forces

value: normalized power

value: superconducting coil

value: permanent magnet

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bure, Natalia A.

value: Grebennikova, Nadezhda L.

value: Staroverova, Kseniya Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bure N. A., Grebennikova N. L., Staroverova K. Yu. Applied statistics to evaluate the quality of education. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 325–333.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The application of statistical methods and machine learning to analyze the data describing
the education process are considered. The solution of two problems typical of the educational
process but different in the organization is shown. The first problem is to analyze the results
of students’ tests who study Russian as a foreign language to enter the university in Russia.
The purpose of the analysis is to evaluate the adequacy of the teaching methods, in particular,
the consistency of results gained for the elementary and intermediate tests with the result
obtained for the advanced test. Data is transformed firstly, then the analysis of variance is
conducted, finally, the clustering is built. Found structure shows that students successfully
coping with elementary and intermediate tests are likely to pass the advances level test.
In the second problem, the results of studying mathematics by junior pupils are analyzed.
Classification of pupils is made based on their marks gained for the answer in the lesson.
The classifier determines the pupil mark for the final control work. The predictive model is
built as the ensemble of random forests trained on four samples: the first is a sparse matrix
of estimates, the others are the transformation of the first obtained by principal component
analysis within a nuclear structure.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: statistics

value: random forest

value: clustering

value: the methodics of studying Russian language and mathematics

value: the analysis of education progress


dc.contributor.author

value: Polyakova, Ludmila N.

value: Bure, Vladimir M.

value: Karelin, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Polyakova L. N., Bure V. M., Karelin V. V. Maximin approach in estimating of the goods order volume under condition of falling demand. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 352–361.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper considers the problem of choosing the optimal strategy of behaviour trading
company in the maxim in approach. Suppose that as a result of marketing research, it
was determined that in some unknown moment of time there would be a noticeable change
demand, the time points are known. It is assumed that the trading company uses the following
wholesale order schemegoods. All ordered goods are divided into two parts, with the first
batch goods arrive immediately, and it must be sold within a certain period [0,T1]. The
second batch of goods is shipped at time T, however, the interval of time [T1,T ] the second
batch of goods are sold at a discount and a full not implemented. The times T1 and T are
was chosen by the trading company from the condition of maximizing income. The need
to consider such a scheme wholesale order due to the fact that, firstly, the warehouses of a
trading company have limited volume and cannot accommodate the entire volume of goods
ordered and secondly, the manufacturer cannot offer all the ordered batch goods, since not
all goods can be produced in the initial (zero) point in time when order is made. At time
T1 the trading company will fully sell the first batch of goods and receive funds, part of
which she will pay to the manufacturer company. At time T there is a completion of the
full realization of all purchased goods. Selection of moments time T1 and T allows for trade
company to determine the volume of the first batch of ordered goods and the total amount
of all goods ordered from the manufacturing company. In work, a mathematical model is
suggested that allows making the best choice order strategy for a trading company under
the condition of falling demand at some unknown time from the interval. It is assumed that
the interval is known. The minimum function with compelled constraints is investigated.
Under some assumptions on the objective function and multi-valued mapping, the form of
the derivative in directions is found.

dc.subject

value: stock level

value: random demand

value: shortage of goods

value: discount

value: maximin

value: directional derivative

value: multi-valued mapping


dc.contributor.author

value: Pimenova, Alexandra A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alexandra A. Pimenova. Plutarch on Anaximander’s Zoogony (Quaest. Conv. VII 8. 4 730E = 12 A 30 DK). Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 213–219.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In Quaestiones Convivales (730E), Plutarch notes that according to Anaximander’s zoogony
first living creatures originated in fish, like οἱ γαλεοί, one species of Selachia, which corresponds
to modern dogfish. Plutarch describes this kind of fish also in two other treatises (De
sollertia animalium 982A and De amore prolis 494C). In the two latter instances Plutarch refers
to two peculiarities of the dogfishes, namely their way of breeding which resembles the mammals
and the way of nursing their youth — mother lets it swim around, feed itself and then
takes the offspring back inside her body. Aristotle duly observed both peculiarities (HA I 5.
489b11 f.; VI 10. 565b24) as typical for the majority of Selachia (a broader class than modern
Selachii, or sharks), including γαλεοί, and it is almost certain that Plutarch depends on this
report. On the contrary, there is no reason to believe with some scholars that Plutarch had in
view Aristotle’s famous description of one species of γαλεοί, namely γαλεὸς λεῖος (mustelus
levis) with its unusual mode of breeding the youth (HA 565b2–9). In his testimony for Anaximander
Plutarch does not have nursing in view– his point is only the womb-like conditions
in which the young develop before birth within mother’s body. The comparison with the dogfishes
is thus more trivial than often assumed and might, of course, stem from Anaximander.
More probable, nevertheless, that it was added by Plutarch himself in order to make his discourse
about abstinence from fish more impressive.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Anaximander

value: Plutarch

value: Aristotle

value: zoogony

value: dog-fish

value: mustelus levis

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dobrynin, Vladimir Yu.

value: Rooney, Niall

value: Serdyuk, Julian A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dobrynin V. Yu., Rooney N., Serdyuk J. A. Setting lower bounds on Jensen—Shannon divergence and its application to nearest neighbor document search. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 334–345.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Jensen—Shannon divergence provides a mechanism to determine nearest neighbours in
a document collection to a specific query document. This is an effective mechanism however
for exhaustive search this can be a time-consuming process. In this paper, we show by setting
lower bounds on the Jensen—Shannon divergence search we can reduce by up to a factor of
60% the level of calculation for exhaustive search and 98% for approximate search, based on
the nearest neighbour search in a real-world document collection. In these experiments a document
corpus that contains 1 854 654 articles published in New York Times from 1987-01-01
till 2007-06-19 (The New York Times Annotated Corpus) was used. As queries, 100 documents
from same document corpus were selected randomly. We assess the effect on
performance based on the reduction in the number of log function calculations. Approximate
nearest neighbour search is based on clustering of documents using Contextual Document
Clustering algorithm. We perform an approximated nearest neighbour search by finding the
best matching set of cluster attractors to a query and limiting the search for documents to
the attractors’ corresponding clusters.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Jensen—Shannon divergence

value: nearest neighbors search

value: dimensionality reduction


dc.contributor.author

value: Fominyh, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fominyh A. V. A method for solving differential inclusions with fixed right end. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 302–315.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the paper, we study a differential inclusion with a given continuous convex multivalued
mapping. For a given finite time interval, it is required to construct a solution of the
differential inclusion, that satisfies the given initial condition or both the initial and final
conditions. With the help of support functions, the original problem is reduced to the problem
of global minimization of some functions in the space of piecewise continuous functions. In
the case of continuous differentiability of the support function of a multivalued mapping
with respect to the phase variables, this functional is Gateaux differentiable. In the paper,
Gateaux gradient is found, necessary and (in some particular cases) sufficient conditions for
the global minimum of the given functions are obtained. On the basis of these conditions, the
method of steepest descent is applied to the original problem. Numerical examples illustrate
the method realization.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work is supported by Russian Found of Fundamental Research (project N 18-31-00014 mol-a).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: differential inclusions

value: support function

value: the steepest descent method


dc.contributor.author

value: Lozkins, Aleksejs

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lozkins A. The distribution centres choice in the facility location problem on the basis of statistical modeling procedures. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 346–351.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of a distribution centres network construction based on the statistical data
analysis of the LTL transportation company is considered. The distribution centre network
is built on the basis of the demand on terminal services. Statistical criterion for selecting
the number of distribution centres in the network based on the application of the network
robustness principle to the disturbances in demand for services in each terminal is suggested.
Demand distortions are proposed to be carried out taking into account the forecasting of
future trends in demand. The simulation study on real data is carried out. The considered
task consists of a terminal network where the cargo is generated to deliver other terminals.
The goal is to estimate the robust number of hubs in the network which minimizes the total
flows costs and is resistant to the possible flows changes in the network. The results on the
real dataset are illustrated and discussed.

value: hub location problem

value: statistical decision making

value: robustness

value: networks

dc.type

value: Article


title: Calculus of second order coexhausters

dc.contributor.author

value: Abbasov, Majid E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abbasov M. E. Calculus of second order coexhausters. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 276–285.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Coexhasuter is a new notion in the nonsmooth analysis that allows one to study extremal
properties of a wide class of functions. This class is introduced in a constructive manner
analogous to the “classical” smooth case. Formulas of calculus were developed. Coexhausters
are families of convex compact sets allowing one to approximate the increment of the studied
function in the neighbourhood of the considered point in the form of MaxMin or MiniMax of affine functions. For a more detailed study of nonsmooth functions, a notion of secondorder
coexhausters was introduced. These are also families of convex compact sets which
are used to represent the approximation of the increment of the studied function in the
form of MaxMin or MiniMax of quadratic functions. These objects are used to build secondorder
optimization algorithms. However, an important problem of constructing calculus arises
again. The solution to this problem is the subject of this paper.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: nonsmooth analysis

value: nondifferentiable optimization

value: second order coexhausters

dc.title

value: Calculus of second order coexhausters


dc.contributor.author

value: Pankratova, Yaroslavna B.

value: Petrosyan, Leon A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pankratova Y. B., Petrosyan L. A. New characteristic function for multistage dynamic games. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 4, pp. 316–324.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The finite stage dynamic n-person games with transferable payoffs are considered. The
cooperative version of the game is defined, and a new approach for constructing characteristic
functions in multistage games based on characteristic functions defined in stage games is
proposed. It is proved that the values of this new characteristic function dominate the values
of characteristic function constructed using the min-max approach. This allows constructing
the subcore of the classical core in the multistage game under consideration and guarantees
that this new approach leads to time-consistent (works L. Petrosyan, G. Zaccour, 2003;
L. Petrosyan, 1991) and in some cases strongly time-consistent solutions (paper L. Petrosyan,
1993). The example is provided showing the construction of this newly defined characteristic
function and the time-consistency and strong time-consistency of the core.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N 17-51-53030).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: multistage game

value: characteristic function

value: time-consistency

value: strongly time-consistency


title: Greek Compounds in Russian Translation of Aeschylus’ Tragedies by Vyacheslav Ivanov

dc.contributor.author

value: Ermakova, Liia L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ермакова Л. Л. Греческие composita в переводах Вячеслава Иванова из Эсхила. Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 276–287.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Vyacheslav Ivanov, well-known as a Russian Symbolist poet, in the first quarter of the 20th
century, translated six Aeschylus’ tragedies (four of them in full and two partially). Ivanov’s
contemporaries and scholars who are studying his poetical works repeatedly highlight the
large number of compound words — often daring and sophisticated — as one of the main
characteristics of his individual poetical style. The same characteristic can be found in his
translations of Aeschylus: unlike other Russian translators of Aeschylus (both his predecessors
and those who did it later), Ivanov generously filled the text with the large number of compound
adjectives, nouns and adverbs. This may reflect his translation strategies and his conception
of Aeschylean style which he tried to render in the Russian translation. The majority of
compounds in his translation reflects somehow the Greek text: first, he tried to render Greek
compounds by using already existing Russian compounds (including loan translations from
Greek), by making new words or by picking up the most suitable one for a particular Greek
compound. Second, in some cases he used Russian compounds to translate phrases and oneroot
adjectives. Of particular interest are such compounds which were added into the Russian
text by Ivanov himself. The article analyzes some compounds in the Russian translation in
comparison to their Greek equivalents and word-formation models in two languages. The Appendix
contains a list of compounds which may become a useful material for further studies.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 13; Issue 2

value: Vyacheslav Ivanov

value: Ancient Greek tragedy

value: translations of Aeschylus in Russia

value: compounds

value: compound adjectives

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozov, M. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozov M. E. ‘Antisubmarine Warfare of the German and Finnish Navy in the Gulf of Finland in 1943’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 4, 2018, pp. 854–867.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores actions taken by the German and Finnish Navies for improving anti-submarine
warfare (ASW) in the Gulf of Finland in 1943. After active operations by Soviet submarines in the Baltic Sea in
1942, and with Hitler’s approval in the spring of 1943, the Axis ASW system in the Gulf of Finland was radically
reorganized. The main efforts were concentrated on the Naissaar-Porkkala frontier, the basis of which was a double
network fence, exposed in the narrowest place of the bay from shore to shore and to full depth. The second
frontier, the Gogland, was established in the immediate vicinity of the advanced Soviet maneuvering base on
Lavensari island, 100 miles east of the first line. In the middle of the Gulf, Finnish and German naval search groups
constantly operated, supported by anti-submarine aircraft. Two of the three submarines of the 1st echelon of the
Baltic Fleet, deployed between May 7 and 31, were sunk when they tried to penetrate the enemy's ASW, while the
third was forced to return. Between July 26 and August 13, a second breakout attempt was made, but both submarines
deployed were sunk by mines. On August 28, the commander of the Leningrad Front, Colonel-General
L. A. Govorov, decided to stop further attempts at breakout. Thus, the enemy was able to protect communications
from attacks by Soviet submarines for a year and a half before Finland left the war. This had a negative impact on
the course of the Second World War in Europe, since it facilitated the supply of the Swedish economy with the
Swedish iron ore and rear support of German military forces in Northern Finland and near Leningrad.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: World War II

value: struggle at sea

value: submarine warfare

value: anti-submarine warfare

value: maritime transport


dc.contributor.author

value: Savitskaja, Anna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savitskaja A. V. Re-translating of Swedish classics: Necessity or extravagancy? (based on translations of books by S. Lagerlöf and A. Lindgren). Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 356–368.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Recently a number of world classics re-translations have been published, with
each of them becoming a source of severe discussions both in printed mass media and
on the Internet. However, we can find just a few re-translations of Swedish classics,
especially recently published ones. The article considers the problem of necessity to
re-translate already existing Russian translations and points out the reasons allowing
to treat some re-translations as having strong and/or weak points. Swedish classics
translations can be divided into three periods: 1) translations made before 1917 or just
after; 2) translations of the Soviet period; and 3) translations of the Post-Soviet period.
Selma Lagerlöf is one of the few authors whose books were translated in all the three
periods, that is why her works are in the focus of our attention. Repeated addressing
to the texts translated in the first period is, as a rule, necessary, as then the translations
were often made from the intermediary language and turned out to be too literal, at
the same time containing some inaccuracies and omissions. The translations of the
second period are usually characterized by a high quality of the Russian language, but, in some cases, they have flaws due to the fact that the translator was not fully proficient
in Swedish and, in addition, did not have access to the necessary cultural information.
At the same time, the re-translations of this period, even those absolutely accurate, are
sometimes doomed to failure because of the popularity of the talented Russian text
created by the first translator. Since Swedish classics have not been fully translated into
Russian, it may be better for modern translators to focus their efforts on the works that
have not yet been translated.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: re-translation

value: Swedish classics

value: S. Lagerlöf

value: A. Lindgren

value: Nils Holgersson

value: Karlsson


dc.contributor.author

value: Chekalev-Demidovskiy, P. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chekalev-Demidovskiy P. S. ‘The Gas Transport as an Attempt to Solve the Problem of Fuel Supply of Besieged Leningrad’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 4, 2018, pp. 868–879.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The fuel crisis in besieged Leningrad was one central aspect of life in the besieged city. Motor transportation
was inextricably linked with supply of fuel, and transportation was an important factor in the city’s struggle
for survival in the conditions of the Blockade. Despite the shortage of motor fuel, motor transportation in
Leningrad throughout the Blockade did not completely stop its activities. In the merciless winter of 1941–1942 it
remained the only type of city transportation that carried a near- unbearable burden: provision for vital activity
of Leningrad and its defense. Leningraders’ incredible courage and heroism allowed them not only to defend
Leningrad, but also to support the work of road transportation inside the blockade ring. This was possible due to
the introduction of gas-generating vehicles that operated on less scarce types of fuel: wood chips, coal, and even
peat. The use of solid fuel in place of liquid fuel, despite its low cost and relatively easy availability, was not widespread
in the pre-war period due to the complexity of operation and maintenance of gas-generating equipment.
This article considers the importance and number of gas-generating vehicles in Leningrad’s general transport
system, including introduction, repair, and operation of gas-generating equipment during the siege. Data are
from documents of the St. Petersburg Central State Archive, the St. Petersburg Central State Archive of Historical
and Political Documents, and the St. Petersburg Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation in the
framework of project N 17-01-00346 “Blockade in the decisions of the leading party bodies of Leningrad.
1941–1944”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: blockade

value: Leningrad

value: defense

value: Great Patriotic War

value: gas generator

value: fuel supply

value: automobile transport

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kodin, E. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kodin E. V. ‘The Modern History in Works by Timothy Snyder’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1041–1050.

dc.description.abstract

value:
American Sovietology was formed in the years of the “Cold War” as science, which methodologically
aimed at showing the totalitarian character of power structures in the Soviet Union. The image of the enemy in
politics was accompanied by an equally negative image of scientific research, first carried out by political analysts
and then by historians. Several decades have passed, but much of what was practiced in the 1950s and 1960s
remains important and relevant at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The astute manipulation of facts and
events is still going on. In this regard, writings by the professor of history of Yale University Timothy Snyder can
provide a good example. Snyder is the author of two famous books translated into Russian: “The Reconstruction
of Nations” (2003) and “Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin” (2010). His third work, “The Road to Unfreedom:
Russia, Europe, America,” dedicated to contemporary history from 2010, was published in 2018 by Yale
University Press. While the issues and historical periods are outwardly different, all three books reveal one central
idea: Russia’s history is the history of Russian fascism. Over the years, only the manifestation of fascism has
changed, while its basic characteristics have remained unchanged: an expansionistic foreign policy in Europe,
and currently in America as well, and on former Soviet territories. This inevitably transfers Snyder’s works from the
properly historical sphere to the field of the historical politics and political studies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication is supported by the research project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian
Federation N 33.1419.2017/PCh “World Slavistics in the research of modern and contemporary history of Russia
and Belarus: concepts of Slavic unity and unique development in historical retrospective”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian History

value: Eаst-European History

value: American Russian Studies

value: Historical Politics


dc.contributor.author

value: Crnković, Denis

dc.identifier.citation

value: Crnković D. On the contexts of Edith Sӧdergran’s Russian poem “Tikho, tikho, tikho”. Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 323–339.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper looks to provide a reading of Edith Södergran’s only poem written in
Russian in its literary, linguistic, cultural and historical contexts. Composed when she
was experimenting with multilingual poetry for her so-called Vaxdukshäft (Oilcloth
Notebook), the poem “Tikho, tikho, tikho” reflects equally an adherence to classical
Russian metrical forms and a kinship with the more daring Russian Symbolists,
including A. Blok and V. Bryusov. In contrast to some previous studies, which see the
poem as a mere juvenilia written in the cultural isolation of a young, “foreign” girl’s
private milieu, the current article concludes that it was also composed in a spirit of the
age and the nation. The poem’s varied and stunning imagery, ranging from violence to
mystery, speaks of a labyrinth of emotion, inner experiences and political and social
awareness. Although the dominant images of destruction, bloodshed and rebirth may
have their origins in Södergran’s personal encounters with tuberculosis, they do so also
in the disparate contexts of a society racked by terrorism and violent revolution, and of
a young woman’s emerging self-identity. Thus, when examined in the broader context of
Södergran’s awareness of the literary and cultural mores, and the political upheavals of
her times, the poem reflects both her natural poetic talent and her sophisticated vision of
the surrounding world, remarkable at such an early stage of her writing career.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 16; Issue 2

value: A. Blok

value: V. Bryusov

value: blood imagery

value: Russian verse

value: Edith Södergran

value: literary contexts

value: symbolism

value: Symbolists

value: versification


dc.contributor.author

value: Randazzo, Francesco

dc.identifier.citation

value: Randazzo F. The Russian Revolution: Intellectuals, the Military, and the Politics of Modern Italy, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 4, 2018, pp. 814–826.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Italian postwar reality was characterized by a political world of contrasts when, after the Russian-
German agreement, it was decided to continue the Italian military mission in Russia. In Italy, the “revolutionary”
phenomenon was known from the early months of the Bolshevik coup, and there had been many debates
over the “Russian Question.” This debate was very much alive and often involved authoritative members of the national
intelligentsia. Italy, involved in its first world conflict, intervened in the Russian civil war with military personnel
supporting the White generals against the Red armed troops. Such action, determined by the high-alliance
commands, took place in different areas of Russia, in the north of Arkhangelsk and Murmansk's regions, Transcaucasia
and Siberia. The Russian civil war was atrocious and bloody but, with their humanity, Italians brought
hope to the Russian people, hope that died with the choice made in Versailles in 1919 of withdrawing the missions
leaving Russia to its fate. Ignored by a great part of recent historiography is the activity of the Italian troops. In fact,
Italy had been playing a key role with its military and logistical support to the Siberian and Caucasus population,
at least until the Allied Powers pulled out of their missions because they considered the clash between Whites and
Reds “una questione internazionale” (an international issue).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 4

value: Italy

value: Russia

value: Civil War

value: Revolution

value: Versailles

value: Italians Missions

value: Arkhangelsk

value: Murmansk

value: Transcaucasia

value: Siberia

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernoglazov, Dmitri A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dmitri A. Chernoglazov. Ancient Epistolary Theory in the Byzantine School: Pseudo- Libanios’ Manual and its Later Versions. Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 265–275.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Epistolary Styles of Pseudo-Libanios (PL), a late antique manual on epistolary art, were well
known to the Byzantines. The task of this article is to show that PL and its later versions were
used in Byzantium as school textbooks, and to characterize their function and place in the
curriculum of ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία. The research is concentrated on the Late Byzantine period
(13th–15th cc.). The following texts are analyzed: PL in the original version (PL1); Epistolarium
Vaticanum, an anonymous version, known in two manuscripts of the 15th c. (EV); Characteres
epistolici XL, a collection of forty model letters, widespread during the Late Byzantine and Ottoman
period (Ch40). PL1 was used probably within the grammar course or as a transitional
link to the course of rhetoric. This is evidenced by its manuscript tradition. EV was used at
the early stage of ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία, making part of the grammar course. This is clear from
its content — model letters are overtly didactic in nature. The use of EV in school is also
evidenced by glosses in the manuscripts. Ch40 was studied at a later stage of the educational
process — as a part of the course of rhetoric. Scholia in manuscripts show that the text was
analyzed with regard to the methods of rhetorical argumentation. The terminology of scholia
originates in the treatise On invention, possibly written by Hermogenes of Tarsus.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Epistolography

value: epistolary theory

value: rhetorical theory

value: grammar

value: educational system

value: school manuals

value: Pseudo-Libanios

value: Characteres epistolici

value: manuscript tradition


dc.contributor.author

value: Basbøll, Hans

dc.identifier.citation

value: Basbøll Hans. Danish imperative formation: A problem for the phonology/ morphology interface. Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 219–244.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The formation of imperatives (IMP) in Danish has for centuries been a challenge,
both to native speaker-hearers and for language policy, and it has been discussed in
grammars since the 17th century. The best way to state the principle of IMP-formation
in Danish is: IMP is formed by subtracting a final e-schwa (/ə/) from INF; if INF
does not end in e-schwa (/ə/), IMP = INF. In many cases, the IMP thus constructed
is not, or does not end in, a well-formed syllable, e.g. hækl! [hεɡ̊ l] ‘crochet!’, saml!
[sɑmˀl] ‘collect!’. Such forms do not obey sonority or strength hierarchies, and there
are different ways to cope with that challenge. Danish IMP-formation represents
several types of conflicts with respect to the morphology/phonology interface,
and it illustrates several descriptive and theoretical problems in accounting for
them: both between morphology and phonotactics (sections 1 and 5), and between
morphology and prosody (sections 6 on vowel quantity and section 7 on the stød,
a laryngeal syllable rhyme prosody with a complex grammatical distribution). This
paper proposes a coherent account, based upon Basbøll’s Sonority Syllable Model —
a non-circular cross-linguistic model of sonority or strength — (section 4), and his
Non-Stød Model. The latter model involves a general procedure for the integration
of suffixes in word structure (section 8) and its application to modern Danish
(section 9). Throughout the paper, methodological and theoretical problems are in
focus, but finally, the need for empirical investigations of Danish IMP-formation is
emphasized, concerning the question how Danish speaker-listeners, and also foreign
learners of Danish, cope with the challenging IMP-forms.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: imperative

value: Danish

value: phonotactics

value: prosody

value: phonology

value: morphology

value: stød


dc.contributor.author

value: Zheltova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Elena V. Zheltova. How to Express Surprise without Saying “I’m Surprised” in Latin. Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 228–240.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper focuses on the ways of expressing mirative semantics in the Latin language. Mirativity
is a grammatical category which expresses the speaker’s unprepared mind, a deferred
realization of a situation and concomitant surprise. These values can be conveyed by both
lexical and grammatical means. The paper analyses only grammatical phenomena, without
taking into consideration any lexical devices (such as the verb (ad)mirari), and shows that in
addition to the basic meanings of time, mood etc. these grammatical phenomena, in certain
contexts, express the semantics of abruptness and surprise. Since their primary meaning is not
mirative and appears as a “side effect”, they should be called mirative strategies rather than miratives
stricto sensu. Such strategies may be reflected through morphological categories of time
and mood (e.g. Praesens coniunctivi, Futurum indicativi, Imperfectum indicativi), auxiliaries
(particles, conjunctions) or syntactic constructions (Accusativus exclamationis, Infinitivus indignantis).
Their mirative meaning is contextually conditioned and in some cases is only possible
in interaction with other grammatical categories (verbal person, number, etc.). The study
investigates pragmatic and stylistic functions of these phenomena and shows that the choice
of a strategy in some cases is directly related to the genre of work and the style of speech. The
genre distribution of mirative strategies we suggested allows us to consider them not only as
linguistic entities to express modal meanings, but also as a stylistic device.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Latin

value: mirativity

value: surprise

value: unprepared mind

value: deferred realization

value: Accusativus exclamationis

value: Infinitivus indignantis

value: Сum inversum

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Voytikov, S. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Voytikov S. S. ‘The "Civil War Must Be Merciless due to Necessity": The Basis for Discussion on the Key Issues of One of the Biggest Russian Tragedies’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1032–1040.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In 2006 the most authoritative historian on the Russias White Terror, P. A. Golub, published an historical
and documentary essay on his main scholarly theme. The publication of this book by publishing house “Patriot”
(formerly DOSAAF), based on the author’s extensive work on the Soviet period, was absolutely logical, since
Golub's book was not only a fundamental study of the White Terror, but also a vivid journalistic work. In this review
analyzed a new book about Russia white terror written by the famous St. Petersburg historian I. S. Ratkovsky, in a
strictly academic style. The author interprets the very term “white terror” broadly. According to him, “white terror”
is a rather generalized term that includes phenomena that occurred under various “political signs”, both of the
White movement itself and in general of anti-Bolshevik resistance, including the right-wing socialist regimes of the
“democratic counterrevolution” of the summer — autumn 1918 year. In the book in the chronological and causal
sequence are the numerous orders and orders of White movement military leaders, so the author fixes the systematic
nature of Russia white terror (obviously, this is one of the promising areas for studying it). I. S. Ratkovsky’s
research is a solid reference and documentary publication, significantly refining and expanding the existing understanding
of Russia white terror as a historical phenomenon.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: white terror

value: I. S. Ratkovskiy

value: A. V. Kolchak

value: A. I. Denikin

value: White movement


dc.contributor.author

value: Konopleva, Tatiana

value: Pechinkina, Olga

dc.identifier.citation

value: Konopleva Т. О., Pechinkina O. V. Learning about Swedish culture from Sven Nordqvist’s books (case-study: Pettson and Findus book series). Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 340–355.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In a globalized world knowledge of values and peculiarities of other cultures
becomes an indispensable condition for successful cross-cultural communication,
promotes a deeper awareness of one’s own culture, develops tolerance and facilitates
political, economic, cultural and other contacts between countries. One of the
sources of acquiring background knowledge is literary text, in which authors recreate
objective reality of their countries. Well-translated and nicely illustrated children
literature allows readers to get acquainted with peculiarities of other cultures from
a very early age. The aim of the article is to study the reflection of Swedish culture
in Sven Nordqvist’s books written and illustrated for children. Nordqvist’s books,
namely the book series about Pettson and Findus, have become popular all over the
world. The main character named Pettson is an old Swedish farmer who lives on
his own in a traditional red country house surrounded by a garden until the day
when a restless kitten, whom Pettson without a moment’s hesitation calls Findus,
appears in his ordered life. From that day on his main task is to ingeniously solve
the problems which Findus gets into. Books about Pettson and Finds are translated
into many languages, made into cartoons and educational programmes. Illustrations
made by Sven Nordqvist make the books special as they supplement the textual
information about Sweden, its geographical setting, benefits of living a rustic life,
traditions, holidays, cuisine, inventions, etc. Sven Nordqvist manages to capture the
spirit of living in Sweden all year round. He gives his readers the opportunity to get
peculiar knowledge of Swedish culture, necessary for effective interaction with the
representatives of a different cultural background.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 16; Issue 2

value: Sven Nordqvist

value: Swedish culture

value: cross-cultural communication

value: traditions


dc.contributor.author

value: Liberman, Anatoly

dc.identifier.citation

value: Liberman A. S. Guests and hosts on the sounds of modern Icelandic. Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 277–292.

dc.description.abstract

value:
For over a hundred and fifty years, foreign tourists have been sharing their
impressions of Iceland: its geography, economy, culture, and, among other things,
language. Foreigners’ impressions of a language new to them are not devoid of
interest, for outsiders often hear the subphonemic nuances that native speakers miss
by definition. They also make typical mistakes while assessing the pronunciation of
a language they hear for the first time. Their observations add a special dimension to
the traditional descriptions of this or that language. The present paper summarizes
the notes on Icelandic vowels and consonants by English, German, and other tourists
made during their stay in Iceland. Of equal interest is the advice given by the authors
of Icelandic textbooks to foreigners planning to study Icelandic, and by foreigners,
sometimes trained philologists, who warn their prospective readers of the main
difficulties of Icelandic phonetics. The survey offered here must be fairly complete,
because it is based on the rich collections of books in the Fiske collection (Cornell
University, USA) and the two great libraries in Reykjavík. Special emphasis has been
laid on the most “exotic” features of the Icelandic phonemic system: devoiced /b d g/,
devoiced /l m n r/ before /p t k/, preaspiration, and the pronunciation of [i:] and
the diphthongs, of which short [ou] creates especially great difficulties to foreigners.
The importance of foreigners’ observations has been once discussed by an Icelandic
researcher, but a full-length survey of this type appears for the first time.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Icelandic phonetics

value: impressions by and advice to foreigners

value: devoicing

value: preaspiration

value: short diphthongs

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Hass, Jeffrey K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hass J. K. Soviet Discursive Power versus War: Agitation and Propaganda in the Blockade of Leningrad, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 4, 2018, pp. 827–840.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In wartime, a crucial state goal is mobilizing civilians to sacrifice for the war effort and to feel a sense
of loyalty to state and nation, and by extension to relevant elites. All talk and efforts for creating a loyal subject of a nation (or other political entity) are put to the test in war. One extreme case of the shock and suffering of war
was the Blockade of Leningrad, where the 872-day siege led to mass death as well as suffering and created a
new world of survival tactics and expedient policies. The research on the agitprop in Leningrad during the Blockade
leads to a curious conclusion. Criticizing Stalin and Bolshevism were beyond the pale—but criticizing local
structures, procedures, and collective habits could have worked, especially if one avoided criticizing Smolny and
did criticized in the spirit of samokritika. Yet the persistence of blaming individual motivations and psychology
suggests a real move away from the core logic of Marxism and even Leninism. In this sense, the political culture
of Leningrad in the Blockade and the USSR at war might have been closer to the individualism of Anglo-American
political culture—closer than either side would want to admit.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Agitprop

value: Leningrad

value: Blockade


dc.contributor.author

value: Alyoshin, Alexey S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alyoshin A. S. Swedish similes describing a person’s movement as part of the linguistic worldview (in comparison with the Russian language material). Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 193–207.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the analysis of Swedish similes which describe a person’s
movement as part of the linguistic worldview against the Russian language material.
The aim of this article is to determine a place and role of Swedish similes characterizing
a person’s movement and displacement in the Swedish culture as compared to the Russian
culture. The material for the research includes the data from Swedish dictionaries,
illustrative contexts of usage of analyzed units in Swedish literature, journalism and the
Internet (the Swedish National Corpus), results of a survey of Swedish speakers, as well
as of the data from dictionaries of stable comparisons (similes) of the Russian language.
The paper contains an ideographic classification of units of the category considered, an
analysis of quantitative content of ideographic groups of Swedish similes as compared
to the Russian language ones and a detailed linguoculturological analysis of the standards
and basis for comparisons. As a result of the analysis, it becomes obvious that the
ideographic category of similes occupies different places in the Russian and Swedish
linguistic worldviews. Swedish similes mainly represent appearance, disappearance and
fast movement of a person, that is, the Swedes focus primarily on the general displacement
of a person caused by movement. In the Russian linguistic worldview displacement
and movement are far more detailed, which indicates a greater attention to this fragment of reality in the Russian linguoculture and greater movement differentiation,
expressed in similes, denoting slow, reluctant or lazy movements.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Swedish similes

value: comparison standard

value: comparison basis

value: linguoculturological analysis

value: ideographic group

value: national-cultural specificity

value: linguistic worldview


dc.contributor.author

value: Koryshev, Mikhail

value: Ivanova, Ekaterina

value: Zubova, Elena

value: Petersen, Katja

dc.identifier.citation

value: Koryshev M. V., Ivanova E. P., Zubova E. Yu., Petersen K. August Strindberg through the eyes of Karl Leonhard: A dialogue of cultures between Germany and Sweden. Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 369–381.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present article is an attempt to bring together anthropology, literary science
and psychiatry with the aim to consider how life and work of August Strindberg
(1849–1912) is perceived in the last opus of the well-known German psychiatrist Karl
Leonhard (1904–1988), the author of the book Accentuated Personalities, which is very
well-known for the Russian reader. His views and evaluations form a bright period in
the history of the reception of the works of the Swedish writer in Germany and can be
seen as a result of the dialogue between the Swedish and German cultures, inscribed
in the history of medical thought of the epoch and pathological literary criticism.
Leonhard argued that Strindberg was wrongly treated as a schizophrenic but suffered
in fact from cycloid psychosis. The methodical approach, which Leonhard employed
to prove his point, is partly based on the tradition of literary anthropology and is close
to the traditions of the Russian humanistic psychiatry. Although Leonhard’s work was a subject to criticism, he shows interesting insights with current relevance. Invocating
Strindberg’s haunting works Days of Loneliness, Hell or Occult Diary, the authors of
the present article reproduce the symptom complex of the psychotic, emphasize
the importance of Leonhard’s complex and elaborate work, and draw attention to
Strindberg’s narrative style from the point of view of mental disorders and psychology.
In conclusion, the authors of the article announce the publication of the full text of
Leonhard’s essay in Russian translation, with literary and medical commentaries.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: August Strindberg

value: Karl Leonhard

value: pathological literary criticism

value: endogenous psychosis

value: psychosis of confusion

value: Russian and German schools of psychiatry

value: nosological vs. syndromological approach

value: philosophical anthropology

value: literary anthropology

value: Swedish literature in Germany

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Krapivin, M. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krapivin M. Yu. ‘“Religion Have To Be Considered as a Fact…”: From the Speech of M. I. Latsis, Head of the Tcheka’s Secret Operations Department, at the 4th All-Russian Conference of Extraordinary Commissions (February 3, 1920)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1051–1057.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the research project N 18-09-00299 A.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 4


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernysheva, Vlada A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vlada A. Chernysheva. On Direct Object in Latin Impersonal Passive Constructions. Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 241–246.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with the Roman grammarians’ interpretation of impersonal passive constructions
and verbal government. A direct object depending on impersonal passive verbs is unattested
in Classical Latin, whereas it is possible in Early and Late Latin and is treated as a feature of
colloquial language. I suppose that the passage concerning the passive verbs in Ars de nomine
et verbo (GL 5. 372. 35–373. 20), written by the 5th-century A. D. grammarian Consentius, provides
evidence for such a usage. The examples from Terence (per quem res geretur maxime),
Cicero (rem agi), and Virgil (iam tempus agi res), the meaning of which remains unclear for
Consentius, are discussed in this passage. Each of them contains a form of the noun res and
passive-looking verb forms geretur and agi, which may have either passive or impersonal meaning.
In the latter case the noun inevitably becomes a direct object. According to Classical Latin
grammar rules, such an impersonal meaning is impossible, and, consequently, the forms of the
noun res are subjects of the subordinate and infinitive clauses. The passage discussed in this paper
should be included among other 5th-century Latin examples in which direct objects depend
on impersonal passive verbs. Besides, the passage is remarkable from the standpoint of ascribing
a colloquial feature to the standard classical texts which were read in Roman schools.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Latin linguistics

value: impersonal passive

value: verbal government

value: direct object

value: Late Latin

value: Consentius

value: Roman grammarians


title: “In the Blue-Eyed Haze”: A Note to an Epithet by A. N. Egunov

dc.contributor.author

value: Zeltchenko, Vsevolod V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Зельченко В. В. «В тьме голубоокой»: Об одном эпитете у А. Н. Егунова. Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 322–326.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper deals with one of the latest poems in the collection Eliseiskie radosti (Elysian Pleasures)
by Andrei N. Egunov (nom de plume Andrei Nikolev, 1895–1968), the famous classical
scholar, translator of Plato and the Greek novelists, and a modernist poet. These seven iambic
verses, ‘Sredi tenet neodinokii…’ (‘I’m not alone between the hunting-nets…’), dated 1964, end
with a line ‘skitan’ia v t’me golubookoj’, ‘wanderings in the blue-eyed haze’. It is worth noting
that in his monograph Homer in Russian Translations of the 18th–19th Centuries, issued
the same year, Egunov mentions the rare compound adjective golubookii as coined by Ermil
Kostrov and Iakov Galinkovskii, two early Russian translators of the Iliad, rendering Homeric
γλαυκῶπις, the famous epithet of Athena. This parallel seems to provide the key for the interpretation
of the whole piece. Egunov compares his life with the Odyssey (‘no zhizn’ kak povest’
ni o kom’, ‘but my life is like the tale about No-One’; Ulysses names himself Οὖτις ‘No-One’ in
Polyphemus’ cave), and the wanderings in the blue-eyed haze are the wanderings of the Ithacian
hero guided by Athena. This idea can be corroborated with Homeric echoes in Egunov’s
poetry and with his sad mot about Ulysses transmitted by his friend and biographer Valerii
Somsikov.

dc.subject

value: А. N. Egunov

value: Elysian Pleasures

value: blue-eyed

value: compound adjectives

value: Homer

value: Ulysses

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bilandžija, Sofija A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bilandžija S. A. A contribution to the semantic subclassification of causative constructions in contemporary Norwegian: Effective causation. Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 308–322.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article the author proposes a subclassification of causative semantic types
in contemporary Norwegian, as expressed by the analytic causative constructions
with the auxiliary verbs få and gjøre within the framework of prototype semantics.
The focus of the article is one the so-called effective causation, such as Mosjon gjør
hunden sliten, Mari fikk voksne menn til å gråte or Kjendiser gjør meg svett i hendene.
The author analyzes its position among other proposed instances of indirect causation
in Norwegian, characterized by the semantic features of the participants (here: the
Causer and the Causee), their relationship in regards to the degree of involvement
in the causative event and degree of control. The author establishes four subtypes of
the effective causation based on the feature of animateness, and claims that the main
criterial features of the effective causation are (1) the low degree of Causer involvement,
where one cannot postulate any obligatory volitional activity, and the Causer is
perceived as a circumstance, reason or a stimulus, (2) the affectedness of the Causee,
which shares more features with the roles of Patient or Experiencer, rather than the
(affected) Agent, and (3) the type of causing event, or the result, is construed as a
spontaneous state or event the Causee undergoes, and is beyond its control (mainly
expressed by verbs and adjectives denoting automatic responses). The construction
type is thus always the intransitive analytic causative.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Norwegian

value: effective causation

value: causative construction

value: analytic causative

value: semantics

value: Prototype Theory

value: indirect causation

value: participant structure

value: Causer

value: Causee

value: result


title: Turbela in Apuleius’ Novel

dc.contributor.author

value: Dubova, Svetlana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Svetlana S. Dubova. Turbela in Apuleius’ Novel. Philologia Classica 2018, 13(2), 220–227.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The contribution deals with the word turbela and its stylistic coloring: after Plautus (meaning
‘disturbance’) it is attested in the writings of Apuleius and other late authors. Nevertheless,
there is no consensus among the researchers concerning its semantic and stylistic characteristics
in the Metamorphoses: even if it is a borrowing from Plautus, it has a different meaning
(‘a crowd’) and may not be a colloquialism. In support of it being borrowed, one may refer to
Apuleius’ fondness for Plautine vocabulary and the testimony of Festus, who also points at the
archaic nature of the word. The changing of meaning does not pose a serious problem, as it can
be explained by the possibility of a metonymic transfer and Apuleius’ avocation of using wordplays
and redefining semantic meaning. The article also discusses the spelling issue, evident in
many cases of words in -ela. Confusion between abstract nouns in -ela and diminutives in -ella
can be discovered early in antiquity, so there is no opportunity to make a distinction between
turbela and turbella. The idea of the colloquiality of the suffix -ela and possible diminutive
meaning of the word are deemed unjustified: in most instances, the context does not suggest
that turbela is to be regarded as a diminutive, and words in -ela are attested in a number of
writings where colloquial words would seem improper.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: archaic vocabulary

value: colloquialisms

value: diminutives

value: Apuleius

value: Plautus

value: Ammianus Marcellinus

dc.title

value: Turbela in Apuleius’ Novel

value: Article