dc.contributor.author

value: HEIDEGGER, MARTIN

dc.identifier.citation

value: HEIDEGGER M. BEING-THERE AND BEING-TRUE ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 324–353.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: CHOUFRINE, ARKADI

dc.identifier.citation

value: CHOUFRINE A. THE PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION OF A TYPESCRIPT OF MARTIN HEIDEGGER’S TALK “BEING-THERE AND BEING-TRUE ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE”. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 306–323.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Heidegger’s Cologne address of 1924 is important in at least three respects. First, it represents the next
stage in the genesis of Being and Time after the seminal text known as Natorp Bericht (1922). Second, it
manifests a new landmark in Heidegger’s rethinking appropriation of Aristotle’s thought. This new synthesis
includes, in particular, the groundwork on Aristotle’s Rhetoric from the summer course of 1924.
The annotations to the translation,—based on the texts from 1922–1924,—bring to light Heidegger’s
working his way to this synthesis. The preface specifically uncovers Heidegger’s reading of Aristotle’s
doctrine of the “mean” and compares Heidegger’s interpretation of Aristotle concept of ethical decision
to an interpretation of it typical of modern Aristotle scholarship belonging to analytical tradition. Third,
the Cologne address represents Heidegger’s first thematic approach to the question of the essence of
truth (which even after Being and Time for at least a decade remained among his guiding threads). In
particular, it develops the thesis (barely outlined in Natorp Bericht) that (contrary to the dominant view
which Daniel Dahlstrom appropriately dubbed “the logical prejudice”) the proper “place” of truth is not
judgement, but the being indicated in a judgement by the copula and in a human act by the goodness
that motivates it; and that speech, for the most part, conceals the truth originally sighted.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: logical prejudice

value: idle talk

value: the Nicomachean Ethics

value: the doctrine of the mean

value: the situation of choice

value: Albert Leo Schlageter

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: KHAN, KATE

dc.identifier.citation

value: KHAN K. R. PARKER, I. QUEPONS (EDS.), PHENOMENOLOGY OF EMOTIONS, SYSTEMATICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES, New York: Routledge, 2018. The New Yearbook for Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy, Vol. 16. ISBN 9780429470141. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 456–465.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Is there a chance to grasp the reachness and the variety of my emotional feeling to reflect upon it, not
reducing it to the irrational state of mind or primary instinctive reaction? How can we describe the
structure of emotional state, and does it affects our (self)understanding? How do I perceive something
as valuable, what does it mean to be affected, to feel hatred or shame? The presented review highlights
these issues together with the main historical topics and some other notions, that has been focused
upon in the essays, included into the volume of Phenomenology of Emotions, Systematical and Historical
Perspectives (2018). The early phenomenological projects of A. Pfaender, E. Husserl, M. Scheler and
E. Stein, that has been introduced from the historical point of view, provide a range of questions for
phenomenological theory of emotions to be developed further. In this review, I provide a brief overview
of the contributions to this volume to show how this new “regional ontology” has emerged and
what is the possible role of phenomenology in the “interplay” of arguments of analytical philosophy,
cognitive and neurobiological approaches to consciousness and emotional sphere.

dc.subject

value: phenomenology

value: Husserl

value: affectivity

value: feelings

value: emotions

value: intentionality

value: evaluation

value: value

value: action

value: color

value: mood


dc.contributor.author

value: ANANIEVA, EKATERINA

dc.identifier.citation

value: ANANIEVA E. GIOVANNI JAN GIUBILATO (HG. / ED.), LEBENDIGKEIT DER PHÄNOMENOLOGIE: TRADITION UND ERNEUERUNG / VITALITY OF PHENOMENOLOGY: TRADITION AND RENEWAL, Nordhausen: Traugott Bautz GmbH, 2018. ISBN 9783959484190. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 418–434.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review of the collective monograph Vitality of Phenomenology: Tradition and Renewal traces various
aspects of an interesting and peculiar design implemented in this publication. Non-thematic unity
and community of traditions (philosophical and cultural) are united under the same cover of the authors
of this monograph. Following the centripetal tendencies in the development of phenomenology,
the authors nevertheless are united by a single task of finding the growth points of the phenomenological
tradition and discovering new thematic areas in which phenomenological analysis can be applied.
The problems of the life world and the position of phenomenology in modern discussions with
representatives of analytical philosophy on the problems of consciousness, the thematic intersections
of phenomenology with anthropology, hermeneutical philosophy, biological and linguistic research
are becoming the subject of analysis. The authors of the sections not only trace the obvious lines of the
development of phenomenology in the concepts of M. Heidegger, M. Merlot-Ponti or O. Fink, but bold
parallels with the theory of deconstruction of J. Derrida, with modern ideas of bioethics or traditions
of Japanese spiritual culture are discovered and argued.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: tradition

value: consciousness

value: life world

value: hermeneutics

value: being

value: anthropology

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: CARLSON, SACHA

value: YAMPOLSKAYA, ANNA

dc.identifier.citation

value: CARLSON S., YAMPOLSKAYA A. ON THE FRONTLINE OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE: THE PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION OF THE FIRST OF “PHENOMENOLOGICAL MEDITATIONS” BY MARC RICHIR. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 275–282.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of this paper is to present and briefly comment on our Russian translation of the first of
Phenomenological Meditations of Marc Richir (1943–2005), a key figure of the “New French Phenomenology”
(a term of Gondek and Tengelyi). Richir develops a phenomenological architectonics by distinguishing
between the “symbolic” and “phenomenological” layers of sense. The symbolic sense, as a
sense that is already instituted or that could be instituted, is opposed to the phenomenological sense,
which is a sense in formation. The sphere of the phenomenological can be reached by way of a new,
more radical reduction, which Richir calls a “hyperbolic reduction.” Richir’s phenomenological project
nova methodo opens up new possibilities for the transcendental phenomenology.

dc.subject

value: Marc Richir

value: New French Phenomenology

value: phenomenological reduction

value: phenomenon

value: phenomenological architectonics


dc.contributor.author

value: FRANGESKOU, ADONIS

dc.identifier.citation

value: FRANGESKOU A. RESPONSE TO ANNA YAMPOLSKAYA’S REVIEW OF LEVINAS, KANT AND THE PROBLEMATIC OF TEMPORALITY. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 355–365.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of this paper is to respond to Anna Yampolskaya’s challenge to the interpretative strategy of
my book, Levinas, Kant and the Problematic of Temporality. I intend to refute her claim that by effectively
withdrawing the problematic of sensibility from view my book has forgotten, or, at the very least,
shaded the Rosenzweigian requirement of concreteness that Levinas first inherited from Heidegger,
and to refute her corollary argument that my ethical reading of the schematism in Kant’s First Critique
is not sufficiently justified because it suspends the problem of the symbolic imagination in Kant’s Third
Critique. This double refutation will require me to reiterate the concrete unveiling of the Kantian schematism
in Heidegger’s interpretation of Kant (according to its destruction of the schematism of the
categories) and in Levinas’ explication of Rosenzweig (such as it unfolds a more radical destruction
of the schematism of the ideas). It will also require me to demonstrate precisely how this ideal notion
of the Kantian schematism in the form of the regulative ideas of pure reason (and more specifically,
in the form of the regulative idea of God) is indeed read by Levinas himself in the ethical terms of the
equivocation or enigma of diachrony, that is, in the ethical terms of his philosophy of ambiguity (such as
it adheres to the Kantian antinomies). This is the interpretation that I propose to defend against Yampolskaya’s
claim that my ethical reading of the First Critique should have taken this ambiguous form of
rationality seriously.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Levinas

value: Kant

value: Heidegger

value: Rosenzweig

value: Kantian schematism

value: imagination

value: reason

value: sensibility

value: diachrony


dc.contributor.author

value: KIVLE, INETA

value: BIČEVSKIS, RAIVIS

value: LĀCIS, KRIŠJĀNIS

dc.identifier.citation

value: KIVLE I., BIČEVSKIS R., LĀCIS K. THE REVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE “TO LET THINGS BE! EDMUND HUSSERL 160, MARTIN HEIDEGGER 130” (December 10–12, 2019, Riga, Latvia).

dc.description.abstract

value:
The current report gives an overview of The International Interdisciplinary Conference: To Let Things
Be! Edmund Husserl 160, Martin Heidegger 130, which took place at the University of Latvia, December
10–12, 2019. The report outlines the philosophical aims of the conference, analyses the contribution of
the researchers from fifteen countries around the world, and introduces the main conclusions concerning
the interdisciplinary development of phenomenology.

dc.subject

value: phenomenology

value: hermeneutics

value: interdisciplinarity

value: Husserl

dc.title

value: Article


title: REPLY TO ADONIS FRANGESKOU’S RESPONSE

dc.contributor.author

value: YAMPOLSKAYA, ANNA

dc.identifier.citation

value: YAMPOLSKAYA A. REPLY TO ADONIS FRANGESKOU’S RESPONSE. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 366–372.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This is my short reply to Adonis Frangeskou’s response to my review of his book (2017). I offer a careful
reading of the passage from Levinas quoted in Frangeskou’s response. I discuss the idea of God-in-me
in connection with the issues of sensibility, vulnerability, and suffering. I argue that interpreting Levinas
within the framework of the analytics of the sublime is crucially important for the catastrophic
dimension of Levinas’ approach to subjectivity.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Levinas

value: Kant

value: God

value: sublime

value: subjectivity

value: REPLY TO ADONIS FRANGESKOU’S RESPONSE


dc.identifier.citation

value: CALL FOR PAPERS HORIZON. STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY, Special Issue (Vol . 10, No. 1, 2021) “To Let Things Be! Interdisciplinary Phenomenology — Challenges for Innovative Research”. Guest Editors: Ineta Kivle & Raivis Bicevskis. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 466–468.

dc.description.abstract

value: CALL FOR PAPERS HORIZON. STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY. Special Issue (Vol . 10, No. 1, 2021) “To Let Things Be! Interdisciplinary Phenomenology — Challenges for Innovative Research”. Guest Editors: Ineta Kivle & Raivis Bicevskis


title: BOOK REVIEWS : INTRODUCTION

dc.identifier.citation

value: BOOK REVIEWS : INTRODUCTION. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 382–383.

dc.description.abstract

value: BOOK REVIEWS : INTRODUCTION

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.contributor.author

value: SALIN, ALEXEY

value: SAFRONOVA, NATALIA

dc.identifier.citation

value: SALIN A., SAFRONOVA N. GIOVANNI JAN GIUBILATO (HG. / ED.), LEBENDIGKEIT DER PHÄNOMENOLOGIE: TRADITION UND ERNEUERUNG / VITALITY OF PHENOMENOLOGY: TRADITION AND RENEWAL, Nordhausen: Traugott Bautz GmbH, 2018. ISBN 9783959484190. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 384–417.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The main goal of the book Vitality of Phenomenology/Lebendigkeit der Phänomenologie (ed. by Giovanni
Jan Giubilato) is not only to outline the variety of philosophical movements that emerged within
the field of phenomenology, but also to demonstrate the “vitality” and relevance of phenomenological
ideas in the contemporary philosophy. The underlying assumption of the book is that phenomenology
by its definition should stay an open project: even if some “discoveries” have been already made in
this field, there still stays a possibility of renewal and transformation of our experiences and modes
of contemplation. Thus, the movement of phenomenological thought always presupposes a certain
kind of circularity and interplay between tradition and renewal. Therefore, the present miscellany of
articles aims to cover a wide scope of ideas, which are crucial for the phenomenological tradition, and
to show how they function in the contemporary thought. Connections between phenomenology and
analytic philosophy of mind, phenomenology and hermeneutics, phenomenology and deconstruction,
phenomenology and neorealism, and even the phenomenological implications in political philosophy
are all brought to light by this stimulating book.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research project was supported by the outstanding scientific school of Lomonosov Moscow
State University “Transformations of culture, society, and history: A philosophical and theoretical
reflection.”

dc.subject

value: phenomenology

value: world

value: meontics

value: hermeneutics

value: lifeworld

value: intentionality

value: corporeality

value: language

value: Daseinsanalysis

value: oikos

value: deconstruction

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: IAKOVLEVA, LIUBOV

dc.identifier.citation

value: IAKOVLEVA L. HANS BLUMENBERG, PHÄNOMENOLOGISCHE SCHRIFTEN, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2018. ISBN 9783518587218. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 446–455.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review presents the central ideas of the Phenomenological Writings of the modern German philosopher
H. Blumenberg. The main issue of this review is to clarify the general positions in the method of
Blumenberg; his critics of the phenomenology of E. Husserl and to show the role of Phenomenological
Writings in the corpus of Blumenberg’s works. The main focus is to identify the significance of metaphorology
and anthropology for Blumenberg’s phenomenological approach. One of the most important
ideas of Blumenberg’s research is the problem of finite human consciousness. He reinterprets consciousness
in the context of its “factuality,” depending on the specific historical human existence. In this
regard, Blumenberg criticizes the phenomenological problems of evidence and objectivity, underlines
the role of “non-obvious,” incomplete and other forms of negativity in human experience. Consciousness,
according to Blumenberg, along with such spheres as the world, time or the Other cannot be given
in its immediate presence, therefore it requires metaphorical means of description. The life world is
also described by means of metaphors that can be found in E. Husserl’s phenomenological language
itself—in the metaphor of the soil or horizon. These topics reveal the meaning of the earlier project
Paradigms for Metaphorology by G. Blumenberg and his initial interest in the symbolic, incomplete
means of describing human consciousness and life. Further clarification of the anthropological dimension
of phenomenology is carried out in the context of intersubjectivity problems. The concept of
intersubjectivity, from the point of view of Blumenberg, is necessary not so much to justify the criteria
of the objectivity of the world, as to reveal the boundaries of human consciousness in the experience of
the Other. The conclusion of the review presents Blumenberg’s interpretation of the phenomenological
method as a special “life practice” that can cross the boundaries of the principle of evidence and include
such areas as paradox, hypothesis and incompleteness in understanding the activity of consciousness.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: anthropological phenomenology

value: consciousness

value: Husserl

value: metaphorology

value: life world

value: intersubjectivity


dc.contributor.author

value: NIKONOVA, SVETLANA

dc.identifier.citation

value: NIKONOVA S. AND IS IT YET ANOTHER ATTEMPT TO OVERCOME THE TRAUMA OF MODERNITY? ANDREW HAAS, UNITY AND ASPECT, Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann GmbH, 2018. ISBN 9783826064500. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 435–445.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Haas’ Unity and Aspect reveals a philosophical impulse that leads to the creation of a new form of language
for posing the questions that belong to first philosophy. This philosophical intuition should be appraised
within the historical and philosophical development of metaphysical thought which demonstrates
its self-destructive nature (as Heidegger argues with respect to “European Nihilism”) through a critique of
traditional concepts and questions, which subsequently leads to the deconstruction of metaphysics as such.
The experience of metaphysical thought—its critique as well as the deconstruction of its critical impulse—
can be defined as traumatic; and in a certain sense, Haas’ work is an attempt to overcome the trauma underlying
the entire project of contemporary philosophical searching. Unity and Aspect’s turn to metaphysics is
a consequence of an opposition to the language of rational thought and its deconstruction. Haas introduces
new concepts, therefore, such as implication and illumination, in order to problematize and “suspend” the
idea of human consciousness and personality in its special stance towards the world. It is certain that the
questions of first philosophy and metaphysics are extremely relevant for the contemporary thought, yet,
the privileged stance of consciousness is radically rejected by some schools, as for instance, by speculative realism. Thus, we try to show that the language posed by Haas brings, in a certain sense, the problems of
phenomenology closer to those of speculative realism by sublating the difference in their intentions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
With support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research № 18-011-00570 а “Theory of Cultural
Trauma: Individual Traumatic Experience and Experience of Historical Catastrophes.”

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: critique of metaphysics

value: first philosophy

value: trauma

value: modernity

value: phenomenology

value: new language practices

value: speculative realism

value: correlationism


dc.contributor.author

value: JONKUS, DALIUS

dc.identifier.citation

value: JONKUS D. IN MEMORIAM GIWI MARGWELASCHWILI (1927–2020). Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 473–475.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: Article


title: IN MEMORIAM JENS HALFWASSEN (1958–2020)

dc.contributor.author

value: PATKUL, ANDREY

dc.identifier.citation

value: PATKUL A. IN MEMORIAM JENS HALFWASSEN (1958–2020). Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 471–472.

dc.description.abstract

value: IN MEMORIAM JENS HALFWASSEN (1958–2020)


dc.identifier.citation

value: CALL FOR PAPERS HORIZON. STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY, Special Issue (Vol . 10, No. 2, 2021) “Women Phenomenologists: Edith Stein, Hedwig Conrad-Martius, Gerda Walther”. Guest Editors: Ronny Miron & Simona Bertolini. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 469–470.

dc.language.iso

value: en


dc.contributor.author

value: Nalivaiko, Roman А.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nalivaiko R. A. North-Eastern Russia and Moscow in the Annals of Poland by Jan Dlugosz. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, рр. 49–60.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the information dedicated to north-eastern Russia and Moscow contained
in the “Annals of Poland” by Polish chronicler and historian Jan Dlugosz written in 1455–1480.
The author notes that J. Dlugosz was the first Polish chronicler who used Russian and Russian-
Lithuanian Chronicles and described the history of those Russian lands that became part
of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. J. Dlugosz created his historical work during the
final stage of unification of the lands of North-Eastern Russia by Moscow, the struggle with
the dependence on the Horde, but he didn’t see either the completion of this process or the
time when Lithuania began to lose Russian lands. The author notes the ambivalent attitude of
J. Dlugosz to Moscow: on the one hand, the underestimation of the situation in the East, on
the other — understanding of the emergence of a dangerous competitor. J. Dlugosz doesn’t
mention any Princes of Moscow of the 14th century. Occasional references to Moscow and its
rulers begin with Vasily I, but only in connection with Polish-Lithuanian affairs. Vasily II is
not mentioned by name, although his activities are reflected in the Annals. Based on the fact
that J. Dlugosz in one of the last reports of the Annals stating the strengthening position of
Moscow under Ivan III gives him a laudatory characteristic, the author comes to the conclusion
about the beginning of a gradual transformation of the image of Moscow from insignificant
to threatening. Thus, J. Dlugosz notes the importance of the annexation of Novgorod and
predicts future problems for Lithuania and Poland.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Jan Dlugosz

value: Annals of Poland

value: Grand Duchy of Lithuania

value: Vasily I Dmitrievich

value: Ivan III

value: North-Eastern Russia

value: the rise of Moscow


title: Rereading Bayle

dc.contributor.author

value: Terenteva, Ekaterina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Terenteva E. A. Rereading Bayle. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, pp. 329–338.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the first decades of the twenty-first century there has been a notable surge of scholarly
interest in the problems of intellectual history, the issues of the Scientific Revolution in both
Natural sciences and Humanities which still stay ahead of the curve. Such renowned researchers
as P. Dear, S. Shapin, D. Wootton, and others are contributing to the study of changes in the
minds of European intellectuals including their methods and their philosophical comprehension
of the world. The monograph by Mara van der Lugt dedicated to the works of an eminent
philosopher and writer of the early Enlightenment Pierre Bayle (1647–1706) is a major
contribution to the vast Baylean studies which amount to hundreds of papers. The heritage
of Bayle is put into political, religious, intellectual, and methodological contexts, including
the complicated system of links and relations within the European Republic of Letters. The
researcher suggests “a new way of reading Bayle”, which enables to raise and analyze a wide
range of problems relating to Bayle’s “Historical and Critical Dictionary”. Another interesting
methodological approach is the use of the figure of Bayle’s friend-antagonist Pierre Jurieu
(1637–1713) as a sort of a semantic pivot, which simplifies the process of structuring and analyzing
the enormous textual material. But, however solid and grounded the monograph is, it
requires a number of critical comments given in the present review.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: intellectual history

value: history of science

value: Bayle

value: Jurieu

value: Enlightenment

value: Republic of Letters

value: philosophy

dc.title

value: Rereading Bayle

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Freeze, Gregory L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Freeze G. L. The Multi-Confessional Policy of the Provisional Government. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, pp. 310–317.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The post-Soviet era has witnessed an exponential growth in scholarly research on the history
of religion in Russia, especially with respect to church-state relations. There is, however, one
striking exception: the period of the Provisional Government (March-October 1917), which
has thus far attracted little attention. Whereas the Russian Orthodox Church has indeed been
the target of substantial scholarship (especially in preparation for the Church Sobor), the same
cannot be said of other confessions. That huge lacuna is addressed in this new collection of
documents, compiled by M. A. Babkin (doctor of historical sciences), and it constitutes an
extremely valuable contribution to the study of the complex confessional politics unleashed
by the February Revolution. The collection is comprised of 251 main documents (and several
supplementary texts) and offers a systematic collection of laws, draft laws, inter-agency
papers, and some materials from religious associations. More than half of the documents are
published for the first time; these pertain not only to general policy and the Russian Orthodox
Church, but to fifteen other Christian and non-Christian confessions. On the basis of these
documents it is possible to follow the development — and problems — in the confessional
policy of the Provisional Government. The principal shortcoming of this work is the dearth of
materials on the implementation of policy and the reaction by various social and confessional
groups. After all, it is important not only to know what was deliberated and decreed “at the top,” but how society perceived and responded to the confessional policy of the Provisional
Government.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by grant No. 15-18-00119 from the Russian Science Foundation.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Provisional Government

value: confessional policy

value: freedom of conscience

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: Lutheran Church

value: sectarians


dc.contributor.author

value: Lewin, Michael

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lewin M. Reason, ideas and their functions in classical German philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 1, pp. 4–23.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Over the last two decades there has been a growing interest in the transcendental dialectic of
Critique of Pure Reason in Germany. Authors, however, often do not pay enough attention to
the fact that Kant’s theory of reason (in the narrow sense) and the concept of ideas derived
from it is not limited to this text. The purpose of this article is to compare and analyze the
functionality of mind as a subjective ability developed by Kant and Fichte with the Hegelian
expansion of the mind to the idea of universal rationality. The relevance of such a comparison
is connected with the need to demonstrate how the Hegelian paradigm of absolute rationality
causes either the subsequent rejection of reason as a philosophical principle in the 19th and
20th centuries counter-discourse, or reduction of reason to the concept of pragmatic rationality.
In the first part of this paper, the author intends to differentiate between at least 7 different
types of ideas and their functions in Kant’s works. In the second part, he demonstrates how
Fichte tries to systematize them beginning with reason, which at first creates an idea of itself.
Special attention is paid to the way that Fichte categorizes them with the help of 5 spheres of
action or 5 worldviews. The third and final part of the article discusses how Hegel goes beyond
the frame of the transcendental philosophy of consciousness using different demands
linked to the concepts of “reason” and “ideas”. Although these requirements are not found in
Kant and Fichte, they entail a set of difficulties, which the author considers in conclusion. The
author’s interpretation of the theory of ideas and their functions in Kant, Fichte and Hegel
demonstrates the dynamic character of the theories of reason in classical German philosophy,
as well as the relevance of the 7 types of ideas that retain their significance for philosophy of
the 21st century.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Kant and German idealism

value: types of ideas

value: functions of reason

value: worldviews

value: the problem of different demands


dc.contributor.author

value: Dudin, Pavel N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dudin P. N. Аutonomous State as a Political Category and Tool of Strategic Presence. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 40–57.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article attempts to derive the definition of an autonomous state and a set of its key features
(characteristics) proceeding from existing foreign and domestic scientific materials. Although
such a category is not present in wide political discourse, the existence of states (or state-like
entities) with an autonomous status is still a reality that requires a scientific assessment. The
relevance of the stated problems is due to the historical events that took place in the region
of East Asia in the first half of the twentieth century. And for objective or subjective reasons,
they require scientific and social rethinking. One of these events is the role and importance
of Mongolia (then — Outer Mongolia / Mongolian People’s Republic) in the events preceding
and accompanying the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War. Another event may be
the creation of an “alternative” Mongol state in the occupied territories of Northern China by
the Japanese military command. And if the current state of international relations in the region
allows us to argue that the military presence of powers that are unfriendly to Russia in East Asia
is not expected in the expected future, then we cannot speak with the same confidence about
other instruments of strategic presence, including so-called “soft power.” That is why studying
the experience of building a regional political order is an important task, to the solution of which
the scientific community must also be connected.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Federal Property Fund in
the framework of the scientific project No. 19-09-00502 “Institutions of the Russian / Soviet strategic
presence in East Asia in the 20th century”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: autonomy

value: state

value: Europe

value: East Asia

value: China

value: Mongolia

value: international relations

value: strategic presence

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vulfovich, Revekka M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vulfovich R. M. Аctual Development Problems of the Pension System in Germany. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 22–39.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses the problems of the pension system development in modern Germany, which
is multifaceted having political, economic, financial and social aspects. The social aspects are
most important because they generate some additional social stress and can destabilize the
overall situation in the country. As a methodological basis the justice theory by J. Rowls and the
research of communication problems between functional self-referential systems in society by
N. Luhmann are used. In the 21st century the activity of functional systems becomes more complicated
than it was described by the German sociologist and this requires the development of new
mechanisms and instruments to make communication between them more effective. Significant
attention is paid to two citizens’ categories consisting of those receiving pensions and representatives
of the workforce. The conclusion notes the deficiency of existing approaches for determining
the size of pensions for different workers’ categories, which is perceived by citizens as an injustice
regarding the optimal quality of life guaranteed for elders. At the same time, it is shown that
working-age citizens perceive their contributions to the pension insurance system as too great
and feel injustice from the high financial burden for an individual household and the economic
system as a whole. In the future a balance is needed between the economic development goals
and social justice and also the correct subjunctive reality perception of different age groups and
workers’ categories. The problematic aspects analysed in the article are also actual for Russia
where reform of the pension system is currently taking place.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: pension system

value: Germany

value: justice

value: communication

value: functional system

value: pension size

value: balance


dc.contributor.author

value: Polatayko, Sergey V.

value: Scherbakov, Vladimir P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Polatayko S. V., Shcherbakov V. P. Ethical and ontological foundations of justice in E. Levinas’s philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2020, vol. 36, issue 1, pp. 59–68.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The issue of justice occupies one of the central places in the history of philosophy. On the one
hand, this is determined by the significant social importance of justice, and at the same time it
is problematic to reach social and scientific consensus regarding the very conception of justice
and its attainability. Perhaps, this is the reason, why this problem has become an unsolvable
one, a sort of eternal philosophical question. Despite this, scholars demonstrate little interest
in it and it is located on the periphery of the research field. However, the issue of justice has not lost its topicality in political and social philosophy, and it is perfectly proved by a vivid discussion
initiated by J. Rawls, in which the concept of justice has been infused with a considerable
value. The present discussion about the foundations and principles of justice became the reason
to once again turn to the phenomenological concept of justice of Emmanuel Levinas. He
believed that ethics had a priority over ontology, and such a fundamental approach allows one
to analyze his ethical ideas as one of the perspective areas for inquiry into the phenomenon
of justice. Our paper considers the main tenets of Levinas’s social phenomenology, among
which ethics takes priority over ontology. It analyses the relations with the Other that appear
on the basis of compassion and love, which Levinas perceived as understanding and acceptance
in the context of the ideas of rationalism and universalism. The paper argues that ethical
formalism is inherent to rationalist philosophy, whereas in social phenomenology another
understanding of justice is suggested, which defines with the transcendency of the Other. The
latter is demonstrated as an ontological advantage and the possibility of recognition of each
human being as a unique person, worthy of respect.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 36; Issue 1

value: social phenomenology

value: theory of justice

value: ethics prioritizes over ontology

value: moral consciousness

value: ethical formalism

value: universalism


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasilkova, Valeria V.

value: Trekin, Pavel A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasilkova V. V., Trekin P. A. Computational propaganda: Structural characteristics and vectors of research. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 1, pp. 68–83.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The term “computer propaganda” appeared several years ago because of the intersection of a
number of sciences (computer sciences, political science, sociology, linguistics, social psychology,
etc.). This phenomenon attracts attention for both technological and societal reasons. Therefore,
the authors aim to reveal and analyze the main vectors of the development of theoretical
concept of computer propaganda from the standpoint of the socio-communication approach.
For this purpose, they identify the main structural characteristics of the concept corresponding
to the characteristics of the process of information influence (object of propaganda, forms,
channels, subjects of propaganda). Based on this position, the authors consider the original concept
of propaganda presented in classical works on theory and practice of propaganda, and reveal
the specifics of the new concept of computer propaganda. New characteristics of the target
propaganda audience, a segmented structure of network virtual communities with the property
of uncritical perception of “convenient and familiar” information, form specific features of the
computer propaganda object. The authors outline that purposefully designed and circulated fake
information in social networks is a new form of computer propaganda, and social bots as algorithmized
programs, that allow for such distribution with maximum speed and scale, are a new
channel of distribution for such information. The subjects of computer propaganda are the new
political and business elites that have joined forces with representatives of the technological elite.
In addition, current negative connotations dominate in the interpretation of computer propaganda
as a communicative practice of using new computer technologies for manipulation and
disinformation in online space. In conclusion, the authors discuss the possible perspectives of
this topic, related to the understanding of the broader (neutral-information) context in understanding
the phenomenon of computer propaganda.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research on the research project
no. 18-011-00988 “Structure of botnet space of social networks: network analysis”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 13; Issue 1

value: propaganda

value: object and subject of propaganda

value: fakes

value: social bots

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shirokanova, Anna A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shirokanova A. A. Trends of subjective well-being in Russia: 1998–2018. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 1, pp. 4–24.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reviews and analyses Russian surveys on subjective well-being, one of the key noneconomic
indicators of social development. Two main indicators, the level of happiness and
overall life satisfaction, are compared across eight international and Russian research projects,
1998–2018 (European Social Survey, European Values Study, World Values Survey, RLMSHSE,
the “Eurobarometer in Russia” project, surveys by VCIOM, “Levada Center”, and FOM).
The review illustrates that the main trend in this period was a gradual growth in subjective
wellbeing in 2003–2012, which was replaced by the trend for a decrease in life satisfaction and,
simultaneously, increase in happiness. The review also shows that the deviation in subjective
well-being surveys was maximal in presidential election years (2008 and 2012). VCIOM and
the “Eurobarometer in Russia” provide the most distinct results. The paper also demonstrates
how using an answer scale with no neutral option tends to overstate the estimated share of the
happy and satisfied respondents. Overall, an overview of these comparative results has identified
no consistent differences in well-being in Russia by gender, but supports the finding that
the share of the satisfied and happy in Russia decreases substantially at the age of 35 years or
above. Thus, the indicators of subjective well-being mirror the logic of public opinion in Russia.
After 2014, despite the growth in patriotic moods, only a portion of the compared surveys
noted an increase in subjective well-being, mostly due to a short-term surge in happiness. The
current discrepancy in survey results indicates an ongoing mobilization period in Russian
society, which will be followed by either a rise or decline of both indicators.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the Basic Research Program of the HSE University
and funded by the Russian Academic Excellence Project “5-100”.

dc.subject

value: subjective well-being

value: happiness

value: life satisfaction

value: comparative research

value: Russia

value: open data


dc.contributor.author

value: Salieva, Liudmila K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Salieva L. K. Advertising as a tool for the formation of a global cognitive space. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (1): 74–88.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The notion of cognitive space is associated with the notions of axiological and topical spaces,
while the notion of concept — with those of value and topos. However, the category of topos
has not received adequate attention in modern research, without which, it seems impossible
to fully describe the mechanisms of cognitive-communicative influence on consciousness, as
well as the issues of concept dynamics. The purpose of the article is to consider the relationship
of the above categories and to reveal the mechanisms of the cognitive-communicative
impact of mass advertising on the example of advertising slogans. Based on the comparison
of definitions of value, concept and topos and the consideration of the role of topos in culture,
it is shown that a change in traditional cultural topos can change the volume and content of
the concept and accordingly lead to the formation of a new value, a new cognitive space. The
article also covers the issues of mass advertising topos, reveals the topical role of the slogan,
shows that the slogan represents value concept or appeals to it, creating a stable association
between brand and value — new topos. The presence of a new topos in the communicative
space can result in replacing concept’s scope with a brand idea. Thus, advertising introduces
brands to the category of intangible values and creates a cultural space of a consumer society.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: concept

value: topos

value: value

value: picture of the world

value: cognitive rhetoric


dc.contributor.author

value: Fomina, Tatiana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fomina T. A. X-phemisms, or On the difficulty in distinguishing between euphemisms and dysphemisms. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (1): 122– 134.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present paper attempts to examine the existing approaches to the study on euphemisms
and dysphemisms. The paper finds that the study on euphemisms and dysphemisms should be
based on the holistic approach that entails combining particular aspects of diverse fields and
provides a comprehensive understanding of language as a cognitive-communicative, sociocultural
and biopsychological phenomenon. Applying both functional-pragmatic and diachronic
approaches proves to be effective in identifying euphemisms and dysphemisms and distinguishing
between them. The results of the study indicate that not all low colloquialisms may
be considered dysphemisms, although in some cases pejorative words, taboos and vulgarisms
may serve as a conceptual source of dysphemisms. The study reveals that there can be no such
notion as universal euphemism or universal dysphemism as the status of a word is determined
by a set of social attitudes that may vary between dialect groups and even between individual
members of the same community. Thus, when distinguishing between euphemisms and dysphemisms
one should take into consideration diachronic meaning change, the current context,
the previous context, subject-object relationship. The research data is taken from English
socio-political discourse, media discourse, English monolingual and etymology dictionaries.
The choice of the research data stems from the fact that media discourse and socio-political
discourse reflect public ideologies and values, which allows to monitor diachronic meaning
change conditioned by social factors. In addition to it, the dynamic nature of x-phemisms
becomes observable in socio-political and media experiential contexts.

dc.subject

value: euphemisms

value: dysphemisms

value: orthophemisms

value: diachronic semantics

value: context

dc.title

value: Article


title: On the interpretation of Qoh 3:10–11

dc.contributor.author

value: Tantlevskij, Igor R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tantlevskij I. R. On the interpretation of Qoh 3:10–11. Issues of Theology, 2020, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5–16.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with some possible variants of translation and analysis of one of the
most difficult passages in point of interpretation of the Book of Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes)
— Qoh 3:10–11. The author tries to show that this passage holds the key to
revealing the deep essence of the whole theological-anthropological concept of this
biblical work, as well as the principles of its epistemology and cognitive methodology.
Particular attention is paid to identifying possible options for the interpretation
of the notions hā-ʻōlām и lēḇ in Qoh 3:10–11. According to the author, the first
term can be interpreted in Qoh 3:10–11 as “the Universe eternity” or “duration” (in
Bergson’s understanding of this notion as applied to human consciousness and the
Universe), and the second — as “mind” or “consciousness”. The author analyzes possible interpretations of the phrase mib-bǝlî ʼăšer lōʼ in Qoh 3:11bα (found nowhere
else in the Bible), which is of fundamental importance for the understanding of
epistemic concept of Qoheleth. The author of the article believes that the passage of
Qoh 3:10–11 could be interpreted very optimistic in connection with the possibilities
of human cognition: for the rational spirit of the righteous and the sage — it is
the everlasting process of cognition of the universe, cognition carried out by them
as if from the perspective of eternity.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No. 19-011-
00349 «Skeptical tradition in the ancient Platonism».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 2; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Bible

value: Book of Qoheleth

value: hā-ʻōlām in the Bible

value: lēḇ in the Bible

value: Qoheleth’s theology

value: Qoheleth’s anthropology

value: Qoheleth’s epistemology

value: On the interpretation of Qoh 3:10–11


dc.contributor.author

value: Pushkareva, Natalia L.

value: Bolshakova, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pushkareva N. L., Bolshakova O. V. Gender Studies of the Russian Twentieth Century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, pp. 318–328.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reviews works of English-speaking authors collected in the form of “The Palgrave
handbook of women and gender in twentieth-century Russia and the Soviet Union” edited by
Professor Melani Ilic and published in London in 2018 by the international publishing house
Palgrave Macmillan. This collection made it possible to evaluate the results of the development
of W&GS in the Russian history over a quarter of a century. This article considers more
than two dozens of articles in the field of women’s and gender histories in Russia during the
Soviet and Post-Soviet periods, and assesses their contribution to the revival of the Russian
historiography and the search for new approaches and research methods over the last twenty
five years. The impact of these works is considered in the context of current debates about
social and cultural approaches to the history of women and gender, and about the role of the
individual and the collective, the peculiar and the universal in history. The authors underline
the importance of the fruitful dialogue between Russian historians and representatives of the
leading Western schools. The collection is valuable for the Russian-speaking reader since it
represents a variety of contemporary opinions on the female history of Russia and the USSR
over the past 100 years. Reviewers note the changes that occurred in the discipline after the
collapse of the USSR and the opening of the country to foreign researchers; these events contributed
to enriching the source base, including oral history, imagology, and everyday life
history. The editor of the book, as well as reviewers of the collection, emphasize the importance
of institutionalizing of women’s and gender studies, which was reflected in the creation
of various NGOs that unite like-minded women who are passionate about women’s history.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is written as a part of a project for scientific work “Gender Studies: Social, Historical, Cultural
and Anthropological Perspectives” (2019–2023).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 65; Issue 1

value: Western historiography

value: women and gender studies

value: history of Russia

value: history of the USSR

value: 20th century


dc.contributor.author

value: Melnyk, Viktor M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Melnyk V. M. Political Byzantinism in the Legal History of Franks. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, рр. 228–244.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is concerned with the formation of the Frankish political organization in the context
of adopting the Romanic and Byzantine identity. It has been suggested that the main
factors of the Romanization of the ancient Franks be considered not only the commonly used
trading and economic system along the defensive structures limes, but also the practice of
providing lex foedus by the western Roman emperors. Federalization principles of relations
between the autochthonous Romans and barbarians contributed to the formation of separate
political structures (“chiefdoms” or “early medieval barbarian kingdoms”) of the Ostrogoths,
the Burgundians, the Vandals, the Alans, the Visigoths. The ancient Franks were less affected
by the principles of federalism, but they adopted the structures of the Visigoths and the
Burgundians. Maneuvering between two parties, Emperors Zeno (476–491) and Anastasius
(491–518) achieved recognition of their suzerainty over the majority of the barbarian kingdoms
in the Great Mediterranean region. However, this recognition was too ephemeral and, in
the end, did not lead to the revival of fully valid East Roman (Pars Oriens) power in all western
provinces (Pars Occidens). The article describes the genesis of the Frankish political eminency,
suggests a fresh approach to the problem of the legal status of Domain of Soissons (Gall-Roman
Domain), analyzes the geopolitical competition of the Frank Clovis (481–511) and the
Ostrogoth Theodoric the Amal (489–526). All these problems, well-known among the medievalists,
are presented in the original political science and legal interpretation.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium)

value: Byzantinism

value: Legal History

value: Frankish Kingdom

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bukharin, Mikhail D.

value: Karpyuk, Sergey G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bukharin M. D., Karpyuk S. G. Academic Science and Secrecy in the Late Stalin Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, рр. 278–296.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Since 1917 the Russian Academy of Sciences had been under intense pressure of the state, and
from 1947 the pressure on the Academy of sciences of the USSR increased due to some new
ideological campaigns in the internal policy adopted in the late Stalin Soviet Union, which
affected a large number of scholars in all fields of science. Introduction of total secrecy in all
kinds of scientific researches and resorting to isolationism as a basic trend of development of
Soviet science caused inner opposition in the scientific milieu: in spite of the pressure from
non-scientific bureaucratic institutions, Soviet scholars sought ways to continue regular research
work, and sometimes this resistance proved to be effective. As a result, scientific councils
of the institutes in Humanities and Social sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
were given the right to decide independently whether a work had to be examined for secrecy
or not. This opened up opportunities for publication of the majority of works by historians,
philologists and other scholars in Humanities of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Of course, the situation was far from ideal; party and ideological supervision over scientists was
rigid, but scientists managed to defend the principle of scientific nature of their work. This
article provides some previously unpublished documents from the Archive of the Russian
Academy of Sciences and Russian State Archive of Social-Political History, letters to Soviet
leaders (I. V. Stalin, L. P. Beria, G. M. Malenkov).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was written within the framework of the project No. 18-18-00367 “Universal history in
the framework of Soviet science, culture and education, 1917–1947” of the Russian Scientific Foundation.

dc.subject

value: Academy of sciences of the USSR

value: history of science

value: Soviet Union

value: state and science

value: secrecy

value: isolationism


dc.contributor.author

value: Pushkina, Daria B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pushkina D. B. Successes and Failures of United Nations Peace Operations. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, рр. 261–277.

dc.description.abstract

value:
What does ‘success’ in peace operations mean? Is it purely the absence of hostilities or should
it also be measured in terms of civilian suffering? Did a UN peacekeeping mission succeed
because it fulfilled its mandate of monitoring elections or did it fail because it was not able to
prevent civilian massacres in the areas where peacekeepers were deployed? Peace operations
conducted by the United Nations remain under close scrutiny from both scholars and practitioners.
This article examines the existing measures of UN’s effectiveness, proposes a new scale
of measurement of successes and failures of UN PKO’s and examines 6 cases of UN PKO’s in
Africa (UNTAG in Namibia, ONOMOZ in Mozambique, UNAMIR in Rwanda, UNOSOM
in Somalia, MINURCA in Central African Republic, ONUB in Burundi) across proposed
measures. The definition of success offered in this article (limiting violent conflict, reducing
human suffering, preventing conflict from spreading, and preventing war from recurring)
does two important things: 1) it acknowledges the different nuances, voices, and forces —
international and domestic, societal and institutional — affecting whether a mission may or
may not be considered successful; 2) it insists that the human dimension remains the primary
criterion for such considerations. A more nuanced consideration of “success” and a close look
at so many cases is relevant not only to conceptual debates about these issues but also to “real”
policy in the past, present, and future. The article concludes that the suggested measures of
success/failure lead to a more nuanced evaluation of UN’s performance.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: United Nations

value: Peacekeeping Operations

value: International Security

value: Intra-state conflicts

value: History of UN PKO’


dc.contributor.author

value: Freeze, ChaeRan Y.

value: Freeze, Gregory L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Freeze Ch. Y., Freeze G. L. Transnational Diaspora: Interaction of Jewish Elites and the Poliakovs. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, рр. 108–120.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Recently historians have come to recognize the need to go beyond national history and to acknowledge
the transnational, which became so important in the globalization of 1870–1914.
It is no less essential to expand the focus beyond economics alone and to consider the array
of other factors, especially cultural and religious, that were ever more powerful and capable of
transcending national boundaries. One key analytic framework in recent scholarship is “intimacy,”
which focuses on the social nexus and political connections that were so critical in the
rise of the new industrial-financial elites across Europe. This paper examines the case of the
Poliakovs, a Russian Jewish family that began as petty merchants in the Pale of Settlement but
became leading bankers, railroad barons, and factory owners in late Imperial Russia. Drawing
on family records (especially the diaries of two family members) but also an array of archival
and printed sources (including the societal pages of leading French and German newspapers),
this paper examines: a) how the Poliakovs learned to “perform” successfully in aristocratic
high society; b) how and why that performance was so critical to the family’s perceived affluence
(and hence the credibility of their various businesses); c) how the transnational served
simultaneously to cement the family’s status in the Russian elite and to become part of the
Jewish diaspora (not only to promote business but to avoid intermarriage). This was a family
business in the fullest sense: the family was the business.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by grant No. 15-18-00119 from the Russian Science Foundation.

dc.subject

value: Jews

value: transnational

value: intimacy

value: sociability

value: philanthropy

value: the Poliakovs

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Banaszkiewicz, Mikolaj

dc.identifier.citation

value: Banaszkiewicz M. The Eastern Borderland in Polish Collective Memory. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, pp. 297–309.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The eastern frontier of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is referred to in the Polish language
as the Kresy. The geographical extent of this area changed with the shifting borders of the
Polish-Lithuanian state and, after 1918, of Poland alone. At the time when modern Polish national
consciousness was being shaped, it denoted the Russian territory known as the “western
provinces” (gubernias).” Beginning with the mid-19th century, the Kresy were primarily a concept
of the Polish political vocabulary that referred to an axiological space. The dispute over the
area took the shape of a cultural and civilizational confrontation between two projects, those of
imperial Russia and Poland. This article presents the Polish perception of the Kresy mostly as an
imagined, not a real area. In the author’s view, in order to explain it one has to employ categories
of memory studies. The conflict over the Kresy took place when Polish national consciousness
was being formed under the influence of Romanticism. This led to the permanent inclusion of
Kresy mythology and to the conviction about the existential nature of the conflict with Russia in
the Polish memory. The existence of the Kresy as a historical phenomenon ceased with the end
of the Second World War. The area, however, continues to play an important role in memory
and imagination. The author notes the most important threads of discussions on the Kresy heritage
in public life. Attention is also paid to the renewed interest that the discourse on the Eastern
Borderland has enjoyed in official Polish politics of memory in recent years.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant No. 19-18-00073 “National Identity in the Imperial Politics of
Memory: History of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian State in Historiography and
Social Thought of the 19th–20th Centuries” of the Russian Science Foundation.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: politics of memory

value: the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

value: Kresy

value: collective memory

value: political mythology


dc.contributor.author

value: Minina, Vera N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Minina V. N. Digitalization of higher education and its social outcomes. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 1, pp. 84–101.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article, based on the analysis of publications related to digitalization of higher education,
identified four trends associated with the introduction of digital technologies and tools in the
educational process: the formation of a model of blended learning, the transition to online education,
creating a virtual (digital) educational environment, and changing the approach to management
of educational organizations. These trends are interconnected, however, each of them
has a specific impact on the higher education institution, which is illustrated. On the one hand,
digitalization promotes openness, flexibility of education, increased student engagement in the
learning process, and the development of a network model of interaction between universities.
On the other hand, it leads to the creation of a new educational situation and the inclusion
of new actors in the education system, which changes the configuration of relations between
the main participants. Digitalization, requiring appropriate adaptation, introduces significant
changes in the roles of teachers and students in the learning process. The transition to online
education and the creation of a virtual educational environment give rise to the need for changing
the management of an educational organization. And if these changes do not take place,
digitalization can lead to negative effects. The author justifies the need to systematize the social
effects of digitalization of higher education and develops a research design for studying the social
risks of transformation of the higher education institution under the influence of digitalization.
The study is based on the strategy of a case study. A neo-institutional approach, emphasizing
the cultural and cognitive aspect of the institute’s interpretation, was proposed as the methodological
basis for the study. At the same time, the higher education institute is considered in the
context of the social institute concept proposed by P. Berger and T. Lukman.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project no.
19-011-00687 “Influence of the digitalization of higher education on related economic processes in modern
Russian society”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 13; Issue 1

value: higher education

value: social institute

value: digitalization

value: online education

value: virtual educational environment

value: blended learning


title: The notion of state language

dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergey A.

value: Kropachev, Nikolay M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belov A. A., Kropachev N. M. The notion of state language. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (1): 4–21.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The authors of the article focus on the notion of “state language” in an attempt to identify
its role linguistically and as it pertains to its legal status. Despite the fact that it is generally
understood, the usage of this term is often associated with different notions, resulting in an
uncertainty of its meaning. The authors analyze the principles and purposes of establishing a
state language, compare the meaning of the term in Russian with similar terms in other languages,
including those which were included in the recommendations by UNESCO experts in
1953, and compare the notion with linguistic categories. They conclude that “state language” is a legal concept rather than linguistic or lingvo-didactical. State language is a legal status given
to a language in the aim of ensuring the unity of a state (as political nation) and establishing
a common public communicative and cultural space along with establishing formal rules
which require observance, in the spheres, normatively defined, that form the scope of public
communication. The scope includes not only interaction with the state, but also encompasses
a much greater area of language domains. These aims do not restrict the content of state language
by one functional language style in order to acknowledge its social dialect or genre of
language. Functions of organizing a common communicative space for the state language is
executed with the linguistic category of standard (literary) language, based on the idea that
this part of a national (in linguistic meaning) language is able to provide effective communication
between different language communities.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 1

value: state language

value: official language

value: national literary language

value: language norms

dc.title

value: The notion of state language

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mayorova-Shcheglova, Svetlana N.

value: Mitrofanova, Svetlana Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mayorova-Shcheglova S. N., Mitrofanova S. Yu. Early maturation or infantilization: The paradox of modern childhood events. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 1, pp. 25–39.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article claims the relevance of the study of boundaries and events at the end of childhood
based on autobiographical memory. The authors analyze the concepts of childhood sociality,
childhood events, early maturation, and infantilization, based on the ideas of E.E. Sapogova
about the units of analysis of the autobiographical narrative as well as P. Shtompka concerning events as components of the agent-structural reality of society, through which the latter is
not only organized, but also disclosed. They consider the traditions of studying the events of
childhood related to the identification of important episodes or processes of childhood based
on the analysis of publications in foreign journals, as well as in Russian socio-psychological
literature. The article discusses the results of an empirical study conducted by online survey
in 2018 (N = 774). The study revealed that modern children have a paradoxical phenomenon
of simultaneous early maturation and prolonged childhood in the youth age. One of the key
findings of the research is that childhood events are characterized by eclecticism. Another
finding is that there are groups with accelerated maturation (poor children, children from
single-parent families, and children in urban areas). The factors influencing the lag behind the
typical situation are gender, family composition, socio-economic situation, and territory of
residence. On the basis of comparing the conventional generations Y and Z, it was determined
that the growth of contradictions and accumulation of three groups of explanatory models
reveal the essence of elicited paradoxes in the development of childhood. The deconstruction
of the problematic approach to understanding the eventful childhood of boys and girls
who do not desire to mature is substantiated. The authors demonstrate the necessity of such
research oriented on identifying actual generational differences in concrete societal patterns
of childhood, which determine the sociability of childhood for a certain period as well as the
reconsideration of current traditional models of the periodization of childhood.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: childhood events

value: end of childhood

value: infantilization

value: early maturation

value: childhood paradoxes


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernyavskaya, Valeria E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernyavskaya V. E. Metapragmatics: When the author brings meaning and the addressee context. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (1): 135–147.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present article is formulated against the background of a theory of metapragmatics
that studies how the effects of language usage are objects of discourse analyses. The notion
of metapragmatics is discussed as it follows from approaches by Jacobson, Silverstein, Verschueren,
Spitzmüller and is in line with modern approaches in intercultural sociolinguistics.
Metapragmatics focuses on the reflexive metacommunicative effects of linguistic choices in
discourse. Metapragmatic reflexivity is behind the meaning construction and linguistic choice
when considering language in use. As a point of departure in analyzing the meaning making
processes is the presumption, that meaning derives from social situation. The focus is placed
on the notion of social sharing. Semantisation and contextualization are discussed as connected
but sometimes divergent processes. The present paper aims to prove that understanding
is the result of proper contextualization in which utterances are made to fit a particular
context. Context change, or incorrect contextualization, can cause communicative conflicts
and misunderstandings. Thus this paper has two central notions of context and contextualization
to discuss the processes of meaning making within social practice. The theoretical and
methodological framework under discussion is exemplified on a modern Russian sociocultural
practice. The social effects of misunderstandings through context change are considered.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 18-18-00442 “The mechanisms
of meaning formation and textualization in social narrative and performative discourses and practices”
at Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: metapragmatics

value: language in society

value: context

value: contextualization


dc.contributor.author

value: Bystrov, Vladimir Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bystrov V. Yu. Academic researches of a Kabbalah: Some methodological problems. Issues of Theology, 2020, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 52–64.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The discussion about demarcation of objects of research between theology and
other humanities rightfully comes down to the question of the possible existence
of “religious science” about religion. Especially fruitful for solving this general task
may be the study of academic research of such mystical and esoteric trends in Judaism,
such as kabbalah, and the study not so much of the current state of this
research, but the study of the very process of their origin, process of recognition of
their subject as a “serious” and legitimate object of science, and process of formation
of key approaches to this object. The availability of academic research of kabbalah is
connected with the solution of some methodological problems, in particular, with
the need for a stricter demarcation of the Jewish kabbalistic tradition and the socalled
“Christian cabala” which can have completely different historical and cultural
origins and has only an external similarity to Jewish kabbalah. The special value is
kept also by problems regarding the origin of kabbalah, reconstruction of its literary
and theurgic sources, comparative comparisons of kabbalistic spirituality to similar
practices in eastern religions. The article considers the concepts of the origin of kabbalah
by Gershom Sholem and Moshe Idel, attention is paid to the fruitfulness of
the comparative program of research of kabbalah and eastern spirituality as well as
the applied use of kabbalistic ideas in modern literary criticism.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 2; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: kabbalah

value: theology

value: religious philosophy

value: theosophy

value: Christian cabala

value: comparative studies

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Simonova, Mariya V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Simonova M. V. Micromachism in the modern Spanish language and culture. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (1): 89–101.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to one of the most acute problems of modern society — gender inequality.
The author analyzes the state of the Spanish and Latin American society through the prism
of the lexeme micromachism and its function in speech. The interest in the linguistic and
lexical-semantic analysis of the word micromachism is triggered by the wide use of the word
in the periodical press in Spanish, as well as the direct interconnection of the lexeme and the
problem of violence against women in the modern Spanish-speaking society. The meaning of
the word micromachism and its correct use in speech were firstly described in the recommendations
of the Spanish Foundation BBVA — an organization dedicated to the popularization
of the Spanish language, and also seeking to improve the Spanish language of the mass media.
Later, the word among 11 other nominees was nominated for the title of “word of the year”.
Despite the fact that it did not become a winner, it attracted the attention of linguists, sociologists,
and journalists to the problem of the functioning of micromachism in modern Spanish
speech. The main research materials are the corpus of the Spanish language, explanatory
dictionaries, dictionaries of neologisms and banks of lexical data. An analysis of texts from
periodicals to identify the frequency of use of the lexeme micromachism carried out by the author confirms the official statistics of abuse of women in some countries of Latin America
and Spain. As for the Russian language, the author in his study addresses only the National
Corpus of the Russian language and explanatory dictionaries to reveal how often the lexical
unit is used in the Russian language and whether it is recoded in dictionaries. The author does
not aim to study the situation of gender inequality in Russia and its reflection in the language.
In addition to the widespread illumination of the problem in the periodical press in Spanish,
the phenomenon of micromachism is actively studied in the scientific field, which once again
confirms the severity of the problem in modern society.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: word of the year

value: micromachism

value: language of mass media


dc.contributor.author

value: Manara, Ginevra Orti

value: Starovoitova, Snezana

value: Yakhshiboev, Utkurjon Sh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Manara G. O., Starovoitova S., Yakhshiboev U. Sh. Assimilation and voluntary integration in France and in the United States of America: A comparative analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 1, pp. 55–67.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper analyzes the ethnopolitical regimes of assimilation and voluntary integration
and their theorization in the past and current scholarship. Moreover, an in-depth investigation
on these regimes applied to the cases of the United States and France will be conducted
on how the regimes of assimilation and integration evolved through the years. The choice of
these cases is justified by the fact that the USA and France faced big migration flows, which
resulted in the need to integrate all immigrants into the social systems of these countries.
In addition, a comparison will be made between the two country cases. As a result, the
authors came to the conclusion that some groups of migrants integrate or assimilate better
than other, and this outcome could be reduced to linguistic, religious, cultural, or even
phenotypical factors. France and the United States have tackled their migrants and minority
issues through the years in different ways. Indeed, it is necessary to keep in mind that the
dissimilar history of the case countries has influenced the developing of the assimilation
or integration approaches. In the USA, it is more of a political integration, since American
identity was not a fixed category, but civic nationalism was the main driver; on the other
hand, we can define the French strategy as one of cultural integration, since the country
already had an established political identity.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 13; Issue 1

value: integration

value: assimilation

value: migration

value: melting pot

value: identity

value: France

value: USA


dc.contributor.author

value: Kulikova, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kulikova O. V. Locus branding as a reflection of the geocultural space characteristics (the linguistic and cognitive aspect). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (1): 22–37.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the process of locus branding aimed at establishing a geocultural
brand on the basis of realizing several discourse practices dependent on the sender’s goals
and the recipient’s attitude. The ontological status of the phenomenon under consideration postulates the interdisciplinary nature of the investigation. The author defines locus brand
as a cognitive phenomenon. Special attention is paid to the emotional connection between
the locus brand and its recipient. Hence, emotional brand characteristics are identified. The
article considers such notions as the locus brand mental field, its dimensions as well as the
locus brand code, which is viewed as a mechanism responsible for mental worlds forming in
the recipient’s mental space. It is shown that locus branding involves a number of discourse
practices, such as objective data involvement, detailed elaboration and specification of geocultural
information, and locus brand creation via a legend or a tale, the genius loci. The article
contains a detailed analysis of the above practices. The author demonstrates the possibilities
of the combined approach used to create the integrated locus brand model which apart from
the geographical component includes linguistic and cultural ones. The role of the interaction
between the verbal and visual components used to create a full-fledged territorial image is emphasized.
Using polymodal sources ensures better memorization of the referent’s image and
facilitates the creation of the recipient’s situational model correlating with the locus-brand’s
major characteristics.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 1

value: locus branding

value: geocultural image

value: discourse practice

value: recipient

value: situational model

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Larina, Elena D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Larina E. D. Digitalization of the education system in Russia and China: Causes and social consequences. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2020, vol. 13, issue 1, pp. 102–112.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Digitalization is a trend in the 21st century. It covers almost all spheres of our life and to
almost all developed countries. Mainly this trend spreads to the economy and then to other spheres of society. The author notes that the economy takes new development paths, digital.
This economy requires new professions, for the preparation of which requires modernization
of the educational system. There is a need for new professions based on digital technologies.
The successful introduction of these professions into the economic system requires the training
of highly qualified specialists. This prerogative belongs exclusively to the field of education.
Therefore, in the new economic new educational directions are emerging, which contribute to
the training of specialists capable of working in the digital economy. The article describes the
changes that education has undergone under the influence of the digitalization focusing on
two cases: the educational system in Russia and China. The author analyzes the main changes
in the educational systems of these two countries, and discusses the main ways of their development.
She points out the ways of joint development of the educational system, especially
higher education, between Russia and China, provides programs of internships, exchange of
students and opportunities for higher education of Chinese students in Russian universities,
and Russian students in Chinese universities.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: digitalization of education

value: transformation of education

value: education system

value: Russia

value: China

value: globalization of education


dc.contributor.author

value: Svetlov, Roman V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Svetlov R. V. Rational theology: The case of Philo of Alexandria. Issues of Theology, 2020, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 65–74.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The phenomenon of rational theology arises at the moment when there is a need to
adapt traditional or new religious ideas to contemporary and characteristic intellectual
practices. The case of Philo of Alexandria can serve as a good example of
what happens when two different cultural traditions begin the mutual translation
of discourses. We analyze how this affects the most important theological concepts
of Philo on the basis of the treatise De opificio mundi. We pay attention to three
points: 1. Philo’s assessment of the cosmogonic and historical narrative of Moses
as a metaphysical prologue to his legislation; 2. Philo’s interpretation of natural law
and natural being as an allegory of metaphysical and moral law; 3. Aristotle’s “motives”
in Philo’s description of the activities of God the Creator. It can be concluded
that Philo interprets the Greek philosophical language as a completely acceptable
way of reading both the laws of nature and the Jewish Scriptures (he explains this
through the “borrowing hypothesis”). As a result, the legislation of Moses appears
to be included in the structure of the ancient universe reformed by Philo. Greek
philosophical discourse is interpreted as one of the manifestations of Divine Revelation
— a point of view that will later be inherent in some early Christian authors
(for example, Clement of Alexandria).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 2; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: rational theology

value: Philo of Alexandria

value: Aristotelianism

value: Platonism exegetics

value: Old Testament


dc.contributor.author

value: Russell, James R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Russell J. R. “Will the judge of all the earth not do justice?” A note on Genesis, Protagoras, and theodicy. Issues of Theology, 2020, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 106–117.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article argues that the introduction of the Hebrew words for judge and justice,
which occurs only late in the text of Genesis is not fortuitous. Abraham introduces
these terms in the context of his argument with God that He spare Sodom and Gomorrah
if a number of righteous men can be found there. This happens long after
the invention of human arts and institutions including the city and the execution
by God of several notable and severe judgments against individuals and indeed all
the living world. The words shopheṭ and mishpaṭ, one proposes, adumbrates a new
and different kind of justice than what existed before one based on equality under
law and on a procedure of advocacy and argument rather than mere Divine fiat.
Since God accepts unquestioningly Abraham’s unprecedented definition of Him as
“Judge of the world,” one might further suggest that the Master of the Universe in
the course of the evolving covenantal relationship with mankind is allowing His
creatures to discover aspects of Him that were hitherto unknown to them and unknowable
till they developed further. In both its character and the sequence of the
events that unfold, the Biblical narrative is in some respects closely parallel to the
myth of human genesis and cultural development, followed by the introduction of
justice, in the Protagoras of Plato. Since the latter myth is connected to the progeny
of Iapetos, who may be identical with Biblical Japheth, it is possible that the two narratives,
Hebrew and Hellenic, may share common, possibly Semitic, roots.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Abraham

value: Moses

value: shopheṭ

value: mishpaṭ

value: theodicy

value: Marina Tsvetaeva

value: Zoroastrianism

value: Mi‘raj

value: the Berdichever Rebbe

value: Plato

value: Protagoras

value: Athens

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Aslanov, Cyril

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aslanov C. Bə-‘ēmeq ha-bākā (Psalms 84:7) interpreted as ‘Vale of tears’ in early Jewish exegesis and beyond. Issues of Theology, 2020, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 94–105.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present study tracks the genealogy of the figurative-paronymic interpretation
that considers בָּכאָ bākā (Psalms 84:7) a reference to tears and weeping from the
Septuagint to several rabbinic Jewish sources where the term ‘ēmeq ha-bākā has
been identified either as a reference to the Gehenna (Targum and Talmud), as a
metaphoric denomination of the mundane Vale of tears in the liturgical poem
שוֹשַןׁ עמֵֶק אֲיוּמָה Šōšan ‘ēmeq ayūmāh or as a figurative denomination of the Exile in
Isaiah of Trani’s commentary to Psalms 84:7, as well as by two Renaissance Jewish
authors, Joseph Ha-Kohen Ha-Rofe and Rabbi Shelomo Alqabeṣ. Following David
Qimḥi’s interpretation of the verse, the author suggests rereading the hemistich in
Psalms 84:7 in a more litteral way through the identification of בָּכאָ bākā with the
mulberry tree. Qimḥi’s isolated interpretation is all the more tempting in that the
Latin term bacca/bāca “berry” itself could be viewed as the borrowing of the Phoenician
or Punic word bākā, parallel to Hebrew בָּכאָ bākā.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project
No. 17-18-01295) at St. Petersburg State University.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 2; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Septuagint

value: Targum

value: Talmud

value: classical piyyuṭ

value: Isaiah of Trani

value: Joseph Ha- Kohen Ha-Rofe

value: Shelomo Alqabeṣ

value: Punic loanwords in Latin


dc.contributor.author

value: Marchukova, Olesia V.

value: Lubkov, Andrey S.

value: Voskresenskaya, Elena N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Marchukova, O. V., Lubkov, A. S., Voskresenskaya, E. N. (2020). The quality of the reproduction of El Niño and La Niña events using different reconstructed sea surface temperature data sets. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (1), 96–120.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, using various data sets of the reconstructed ocean surface temperature — Had-
ISST, COBE SST2 and ERSSTv5 — the differences are showed in the identification of El Niño
and La Niña events with their subsequent separation on the East Pacific (EP) and Central
Pacific (CP) types from 1870 to 2018. The SST data of the TOGA-TAO buoys from 1981 to
2018, the Terra satellite (MODIS) from 2001 to 2018 and the NOAA IO SSTv2 from 1982 to
2018 were used for a verification of the quality of SST reconstructions in the equatorial Pacific.
The obtained results in this work demonstrate differences in the number of EP and CP
types of El Niño and La Niña for the early period from 1870 to 1900, when the data were less
reliable, and for the entire time series, including the last two decades. According to the study
results, it was shown that ERSSTv5 overestimates the number of CP El Niño by 42,8 % relative
to HadISST and by 28,6 % relative to COBE SST2 and underestimates the number of EP El
Niño by 23,8 % relative to HadISST and by 20 % relative to COBE SST2. The choice between
the COBE SST2 and HadISST data sets as a result of comparing of the selected El Niño and La
Niña events showed the possibility to use of both arrays is almost equivalent.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания по теме № 0012-2019-
0007 (АААА-А19-119031490078-9) «Фундаментальные и прикладные исследования закономерностей и механизмов формирования региональных изменений природной среды и климата под влиянием глобальных процессов в системе океан-атмосфера и антропогенного воздействия», а также
частично при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Севастополя в рамках научного проекта № 18-45-
920063.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 1

value: La Niña

value: El Niño

value: sea surface temperature

value: Pacific Ocean

value: El Niño — Southern Oscillation


dc.contributor.author

value: Kovtun, Alexander A.

value: Lyskova, Eugenia L.

value: Sannikov, Konstantin Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kovtun, A. A., Lyskova, E. L., Sannikov, K. Yu. (2020). The study of seismic wave fields in reservoir zones by numerical simulation of the multi-offset vertical profiling data and data of common source point technique. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (1), 33–50.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper presents a study of seismic wave fields in reservoir zones by numerical simulation.
In the first part of the study, numerical modeling of full wavefield was performed to synthesize
the multi-offset vertical profiling data and data of OPV (Common Source Point Technique)
for the model of the medium in which high-velocity layers (seal and collector) are placed in a
low-velocity containing medium. It has been established that the principal boundary, the roof
of the collector, can be distinguished by data only in the case of great thickness of high-velocity
seal from the field of converted P1S2S2P1 and P1S2S21 waves. These waves are formed on the roof
of the seal during the passage of a converted transverse wave and exist only in a certain interval
of epicentral distances from the source, the length of which depends on the contrast of the
high-velocity seal, as well as on its thickness and depth. Reliable determination of the boundary
between the high-velocity seal and the collector can be difficult when using only ground-based
seismic data due to the screening effect. However, it becomes possible with the use of multi-offset
vertical profiling materials and the correct use of the data of reflected converted P1S2S2P1 and
P1S2S21 waves. In the second part of the work, we analyze the results of numerical model studies
of the full-wave seismic response from a thin-layered pack of saturated elastic porous Biot layers
simulating a reservoir zone. The results of numerical model studies show that the low-frequency
amplitude anomalies observed in seismic sections below the reservoir zone may be caused by
the formation of a field of reflected converted transverse waves that are delayed relative to the
response of the longitudinal wave and having significant amplitudes on the vertical field component
for the small and middle offsets. The amplitudes and time delays of the total converted
transverse wave can vary widely depending on specific conditions: depth and reservoir thickness,
incident longitudinal wave frequency, the presence of boundaries in the reservoir area with
sliding contact or extended thin cracks filled with fluid, and other factors.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: numerical modeling

value: seismic fields

value: collector

value: screening effect

value: Biot layers

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Peretyatko, Artyom Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Peretyatko A. Yu. Cossacks Deputies Gatherings as an Element of Political Autonomy of the Host Don in the Late Imperial Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, iss. 1, рр. 121–139.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The second half of the 19th century is usually perceived in the historiography on the Don as the
time of crisis for traditional Host institutions which maintained the Don Cossacks autonomy.
Thus the question of relationships between the Host Don and the imperial government has remained
outside the scope of researchers of the Russian outskirts. However, between 1863 and
1899 elected deputies in the Don area were convened four times to discuss the most acute
economic and legal issues. Based on the archival materials from the State Archive of Rostov
Oblast, the Russian State Historical Archive, the Nation Library of Russia Manuscript department,
memoirs of contemporaries and modern scholarship, the author reveals that opinions
of these deputies were usually opposed to the government. Despite that, the imperial authorities
twice had implemented important measures suggested by the Don deputies; one time
they managed to sway their original opinion in their favour; and only once the will of the Don
deputies was rejected. At the same time, the Don deputies had always demanded extension
of the Don Host independence, thus, virtually, full political autonomy. The Ministry of War
rejected such demands each time, referring to the absence of precedence “in the spheres of
local and State Imperial management”. The paper concludes that although the Host Don in did
not enjoyed full political autonomy in1860–1890, there were some elements of it, and the Don
Cossacks repeatedly achieved actual adjustments to government course in accordance with
their preferred direction, even though the scale of such adjustments was limited.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russian Empire outskirts

value: the Host Don

value: the Don zemstvo

value: Cossacks’ legislation

value: Cossacks’ self-government


dc.contributor.author

value: Lebedev, Sergey V.

value: Dubrova, Stanislav V.

value: Fedorov, Petr V.

value: Siabato, Willington

value: Kurilenko, V. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lebedev, S. V., Dubrova, S. V., Fedorov, P. V., Siabato W., Kurilenko, V. V. (2020). Simulation of the shielding properties of environmental components against external radioactive radiation from the Ordovician Dictyonema shale. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (1), 4–15.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper presents the results of simulating the conditions of absorption of natural radionuclides
(uranium-238, thorium-232, potassium-40) in different environment media (water and
quartz sand) to assess the effect of the shielding properties of environmental components on
the intensity of external radiation exposure to the benthic biota. The source of radiation was
the lower Tremadocian Dictyonema shale, which formed the bottom of the Baltic Paleobasin.
Water and quartz sand, which was gradually deposited on the roof of the Dictyonema shale,
were used in the simulation as media (materials) absorbing the primary radiation. The manuscript
shows an experiment conducted in full-scale conditions considering a single exposure
of a section of Ordovician rocks that includes highly radioactive Dictyonema shale. This is
a small area, but the simulation results are also valid for larger areas as the Baltic Paleobasin.
During the late Tremadocian — Floian, along with transgression, benthic biota began to
emerge. The experiment shows quantitatively what dosage this biota could have experienced
over tens and hundreds of thousands of years, until the Dictyonema shale was covered with a
sufficiently thick layer of water-flooded sediments. Experimental data show that the presence
of a 10 cm thick layer of water reaches absorption of 40 % of the integral flux of all gamma lines
of natural radionuclides (NRN), and in a moist quartz sand layer of the same thickness the
absorption value does not exceed 50 %. Thus, despite the screening effect of the environment,
the benthic biota of Baltoscandia in the Early Ordovician could have been under significant
radiation exposure for millennia. The main value of the experiment is that it was performed in
situ, and exclusively natural media were used as modelling elements.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Dictyonema shale

value: natural radionuclides

value: gamma radiation

value: absorption coefficient

value: radiation shielding properties

value: benthic biota