dc.contributor.author

value: Simonova, Mariya V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Simonova M. V. (2024). The status of the term violencia de género in the modern Spanish language. Media Linguistics, 11 (1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of gender-based violence is one of the key in the most modern societies including
Spain. In the country where the tradition of patriarchal relations is rooted feminist
organisations, nongovernment and state organisations are constantly fighting with the gender
asymmetry. In addition, the topic of gender-based violence receives special attention in the
Spanish media. There are even sections in leading newspapers named “Gender-based Violence”
or “Domestic Violence”. The phenomenon of gender-based violence in the context of
gender language policy is actively discussed. Spain is one of the leading countries in adopting
progressive gender laws aimed to combat gender-based violence. This very active attitude
towards the problem of gender-based violence contrasts with the language policy in this area.
Analysis of the actual linguistic material, extralinguistic situation in the country, study of the
data of official statistics allowed the author to come to the conclusion that in the modern
Spanish reality there is an imbalance between extralinguistic factors (active struggle against
gender-based violence, presence of progressive laws) and the same language, in which the
term violencia de género has not yet been codified in the dictionary of the Royal Academy of
the Spanish language (while in other dictionaries and glossaries the concept is interpreted).
The combination violencia de género is widely used in the Spanish speech, in the scientific
papers and in the Spanish media space, that is confirmed by the Spanish language database.
Free interpretations of this term because of its absence in the main dictionaries do not help the
society to understand the problem properly and eradicate it.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: gender violence

value: gender language policy

value: Royal Academy of the Spanish Language

value: media linguistics

value: Spanish media


dc.contributor.author

value: Savenysheva, Svetlana S.

value: Razygraeva, Yulia S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savenysheva S. S., Razygraeva Yu. S. Parental burnout, post-traumatic growth and social support for mothers of children with disabilities. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 128–142. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of level indicators and the relationship between parental
burnout, perceived stress, post-traumatic growth and social support in mothers of children
with disabilities. The study involved 73 women, aged from 27 to 44 years (average age
36.15 years), raising children with severe chronic diseases aged 3 to 10 years (average age
7 years, average duration of the disease — 4 years, chronic the disease must have been detected
in the child at least 1.5 years ago). Methods: Questionnaire “Perceived Stress Scale — 10”
adapted by V. A. Ababkov; social support questionnaire “F-SOZU-22” developed by G. Sommer,
T. Fydrich, 1993 and adapted by A. B. Kholmogorova, N. G. Garanyan, G. A. Petrova; Parental
burnout questionnaire by I. N. Efimova; Post-traumatic growth questionnaire by R. Tedeschi,
L. Calhoun, adapted by M. Sh. Magomed-Eminov. The study found high levels of perceived
stress, average levels of parental burnout and post-traumatic growth, and below average
levels of social support among mothers of children with disabilities. Close relations between
social support and post-traumatic growth, social support and stress, and parental burnout
were revealed, while relations were found between indicators of post-traumatic growth and
parental burnout and stress with only one indicator of post-traumatic growth — “personal
strength”. Emotional support, satisfaction with support, and subjective marital satisfaction
were predictors of parental burnout and stress, and social integration was a predictor of posttraumatic
growth. For mothers to cope with the stress associated with a child’s chronic illness,
as well as post-traumatic growth, social support is the most important factor.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: parental burnout

value: stress

value: social support

value: post-traumatic growth

value: mothers of children with disabilities

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Boginskaya, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Boginskaya O. A. (2024). Facilitating listeners’ understanding of scientific knowledge in TED Talks: A corpus-based analysis of code glosses as metadiscourse resources of popularization. Media Linguistics, 11 (1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.102

dc.description.abstract

value:
A considerable amount of research has established that media discourse is an interactive event
whose success and efficiency depend on speaker-listener relationship. Yet the nature of this
interaction has been explored in a great number of studies, few works deal with how TED
speakers address the needs of their listeners and manage the interaction with them. TED is
considered to be one of the new ways of spreading scientific information online. Due to being
an emerging genre, TED Talks have barely been analyzed in terms of popularization tools
used to facilitate listeners’ comprehension of materials presented by TED speakers. Drawing
on a corpus of 80 transcripts of TED Talks derived from the ted.com website, this study
explores how TED speakers elaborate their ideas to address listeners’ needs. The aim of this
research is to explore the types of code glosses, their lexical realizations, pragmatic functions
and frequencies of occurrence. In order to explore the types and frequency of code glosses
employed in TED lectures, the present study applied the quantitative method. With the aim
of identifying the pragmatic functions the code glosses serve in TED Talks, the study applied
the interpretative method. The analysis of the corpus revealed that code glosses are a crucial
element of expert-lay interactions serving the popularization function. Two types of code
glossing were employed by TED speakers with the predominance of exemplifiers intended to
facilitate listeners’ comprehension and make speaker’s ideas accessible through illustration or
scenario-based elaboration. All code glosses found in the corpus serve the popularization purpose
which indicates that TED speakers made attempts to recontextualize scientific content
and make specialized concepts comprehensible for a lay listener.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: code glosses

value: TED Talks

value: popularization discourse

value: scientific knowledge

value: expert-lay interaction


dc.contributor.author

value: Prokudin, Dmitry E.

value: Kononova, Olga V.

value: Gaevskaya, Elena G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Prokudin D. E., Kononova O. V., Gaevskaya E. G. Development of Methods for Studying the Image of Culture in the Digital Era. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2024, vol. 40, issue 1, pp. 134–144. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2024.111

dc.description.abstract

value:
There are a wide range of characteristics of cultural development in the digital age. One of the
main features among them is the impact of modern information and communication technologies
on the development of culture, which causes the new meanings and images of culture.
These phenomena appear both in a real, traditional incarnation, and in a new — digital
one. Moreover, both of these images are interconnected and often they are two sides of a
cultural picture, process or phenomenon. The widespread use of information and communication
technologies in the cultural sphere allows a person to realize his cultural potential.
As a result, the cultural space is gradually saturated with works and objects of digital culture,
digital art. And such objects no longer have analogues in the real world. They act as independent
cultural phenomena and dominants, generating new cultural meanings. Therefore, an effective
and comprehensive study of cultural images is possible only via new methods which
are based on the information and communication technologies application, i. e. methods of
Digital Humanities. Several new approaches to the study of culture are offered in the paper.
They allow us to study the modern pervasive social and cultural space more effectively. These
methods and approaches are used both in the scholarly research conducted by the authors and
are effectively used for the study of culture by students of the St. Petersburg State University.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 40; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Digital era

value: image of culture

value: methods

value: studying

value: Digital Humanities


dc.contributor.author

value: Lebedinskaya, Ekaterina. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lebedinskaya E. Yu. (2024). Varieties of ironic objection in popular science Internet media text. Media Linguistics, 11 (1), 76–102. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the objectionable potential of irony using popular science media texts. The
empirical basis was the hypermedia text of the news about the refutation of the serotonin theory
of depression, which predetermined a significant shift in ideas about the disease. The purpose of
the article is to identify and analyze the variability in the implementation of ironic objection. The
latter seems to be a complexly organized speech action, which is based on goal setting, which
constitutes a subgoal in achieving the main communicative goal of the hypermedia text. The
pre-established multitasking of the study determined the choice of approach to analysis — the
praxeological method of media linguistics. As the analysis of the material has shown, objection
demonstrates the moment of transition of scientific knowledge from hypotheticality to a state of
epistemological certainty. Objection helps to overcome unproductive tendencies in the system
of academic views. Linguistically significant characteristics of ironic objection in popular science
media discourse include extensive heuristic potential, projection of the development of
epistemological modality, critical rethinking of extra-linguistic situations, involvement of the
addressee in discussion, debatable nature, and requiring interpretive effort. The results obtained
during the study — linguistic models of the representation of ironic objection — demonstrate
a paradigm shift in scientific views about the mechanisms of depressive disorder and the key
lines of understanding in the public consciousness of the problems correlated with the identified
epistemological crisis. In this study, patterns of speech representation of ironic objection are
identified and typologized on the basis of repeated and regularly reproduced linguistic markers.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the grant “Speech practices of objection and ways to overcome
them in popular science media communications” (Agreement with the Russian Science Foundation
no. 22-18-00184).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: objection

value: irony

value: hypermedia text

value: popular science media discourse

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanova, Tatiana K.

value: Bushkanetz, Liya E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanova T. K., Bushkanetz L. I. (2024). Prospects for the use of interdisciplinary methods in discourse analysis of political text using the example of the P. A. Stolypin’s speech. Media Linguistics, 11 (1), 124–144. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study deals with the main and relevant directions and approaches to the discourse analysis
of domestic and foreign scientists, structuring and building a scheme for analyzing media
texts of a political orientation in order to identify the main ideological content, as well as
the specifics of its expression in the text. The purpose of this study is to establish interdisciplinary approaches and methods of working with politically oriented text and the prospects
of their use to assess the results of influence on the addressee. The authors present the main
approaches to such analysis, give an overview of domestic and foreign methods used in discourse
analysis, and consider the prospects of their use for assessing the effectiveness of impact,
both on the part of the author of the discourse text and on the part of the addressee.
Depending on the tasks being solved, both classical and interdisciplinary methods were used
as research methods: when creating a historical review, a descriptive-comparative method was
used in combination with a classification of approaches to discourse analysis; for developing
the problem of impact, the method of critical discourse analysis was used in combination with
content analysis of the text. In the course of the work, the sequence of performing certain
well-known techniques of analyzing a politically directed text was clarified and the content of
P. A. Stolypin according to the scheme proposed by the authors, taking into account the specifics
of the linguistic content. In the course of solving this problem and in order to increase the
degree of objectivity of the results obtained, machine word processing was additionally used
(text information processing programs such as VAAL, Wordstat Yandex, etc.). The authors
come to the need for a complex application of traditional methods and automated processing
for the objectification of the results obtained.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: media linguistics

value: discourse analysis

value: interdisciplinary approach

value: P. A. Stolypin’s speech

value: digital processing

value: critical discourse analysis

value: functions of media text

value: means of influence


dc.contributor.author

value: Shlyakhova, Svetlana S.

value: Kolesnik, Alina Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shlyakhova S. S., Kolesnik A. Yu. (2024). Polycode text in digital communications of the university: Сontent, graphics, illustrations. Media Linguistics, 11 (1), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the structuring regularities of the polycode text functioning in the news
feeds of the technical universities websites. The relevance of the research is due to the need for a
linguistic description of various formats and genres of digital communication. The novelty of the
research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the scientific news feed of technical universities.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the verbal (verbal media topics, themes) and non-verbal
(graphics, illustrations, visual media topics) components of a polycode text. The research methods
are content analysis, graphical and semiotic analysis. The multidimensional characterization
of the various components of the text of scientific content makes it possible to identify the
thematic dominants of university content, as well as a system of paraverbal techniques for its
design. The discourse analysis makes it possible to establish inter-semiotic relations that reflect
the distribution of meaning at the level of the verbal and visual code of the text. The image of
the technical university as a research structure in the relevant fields of science and production
dominates at the level of verbal codes. Herewith, the scientist (as a person) is on the periphery,
but it provides the research process. Visual media topic is dominated by the image of a male
scientist (as a person), which is a more significant component in the structure of the scientific
process than the process itself and the scientific community. The visual components of the text
(graphics and illustrations) are distinguished by a narrow repertoire of techniques. The analysis
of verbal and visual media topics showed a logical inversion. The visual code complements and
compensates for the verbal code, and vice versa. These data are consistent with the established
dominant function of illustrations in the news text: the function of a supplement.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: science communication

value: polycode text

value: media topic

value: scientific illustration

value: digital communications


dc.contributor.author

value: Danilova, Marina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Danilova M. V. Personal and social factors of stress perception by senior adolescent boys and girls. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 62–78. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
At present, due to the speed and intensity of modern life and the high stressfulness of events
and situations, scientific interest in the study of stress and factors that allow to constructively overcome them has seriously increased. Purpose: to study the contribution of personal and
social characteristics to the perception of stress in senior adolescence. Hypothesis: boys and
girls manifest the parameters of stress perception differently: overstrain as an emotional component
and hardiness to stress as an instrumental component. For girls, the perceived stress
is more closely related to their personal characteristics, and for boys it’s associated with social
ones. In general, in the period from 15 to 17 years, personal characteristics contribute more
to the ability to reduce or increase intensity of stress, and social characteristics contribute to
the activation of efforts to counteract stress. A sample of 90 senior adolescents aged 15–17 was
divided into two groups: 45 boys and 45 girls. Methods: the scale of perceived stress (ShVS-
10, adaptation by Ababkov et al.); the scale of personal anxiety A. M. Prikhozhan; S. Muddy’s
hardiness questionnaire (Leont’ev, Rasskazova’s adaptation); K. Riff ’s psychological well-being
scales (Troshikhina, adaptation by Zhukovskaya); G. Sommer and T. Fydrich’s perceived social
support questionnaire (adaptation by Kholmogorova, Petrova). Correlation and regression
analysis was carried out. The study showed gender characteristics and differences in the perception
of stress, which are manifested in a subjectively more intense and active experience of
stress by girls compared to their peers boys. Data have been obtained on the greater contribution
of individual-personal characteristics to the perception of stress in general and to such a
component as overstrain in particular. It is also shown that in counteracting stress, along with
personal characteristics, the factor of social support also plays a significant role.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation, grant no. 23-28-00999.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 1

value: older adolescents

value: perceived stress

value: anxiety

value: hardiness

value: psychological well-being

value: social support

dc.type

value: Article

filename: 04_Данилова+М.+В.+Личностные+и+социальные+факторы+в+восприятии+стресса+юношами+и+девушками+старшего+подросткового+возраста.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Murtazina, Inna R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Murtazina I. R. Features of the experience of loneliness among adults due to their personal characteristics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 96–112. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The presented article is devoted to the study of the associations between the parameters of
loneliness and the personal characteristics of adults. The main parameters of loneliness are:
the general experience of loneliness, dependence on communication, as well as acceptance of
loneliness and a positive attitude towards it. Among the personal characteristics, we considered
the personality factors included in the Big Five model and sociotropy, which is a cognitive
strategy reflecting a person’s focus on creating positive relationships with others and a general
focus on society. The purpose of the study was to identify the presence and nature of the relationship
between loneliness, the Big Five personality factors and sociotropy. It has been hypothesized
that orientation to society and a high level of neuroticism are positively associated
with the experience of loneliness, its rejection. Self-sufficiency, openness to experience and
conscientiousness are associated with a positive attitude to loneliness, its resourcefulness. The
study involved 131 people aged 18 to 55 years (M = 31 years; SD = 9.85), 26 men and 105 women.
The following methods were used: the Differential Questionnaire for the Experience of
Loneliness (K. N. Osin, D. A. Leontiev), the Sociotropy — Self-Sufficiency Questionnaire
(O. Yu. Strizhitskaya et al.), Bulgarian version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for
Adults (SELSA-S), Five-Factor Personality Trait Inventory NEO FFI P. T. Costa, R. R. McCrae,
adapted by V. E. Orel, A. A. Rukavishnikov. Mathematical processing was performed on the
basis of IBM SPSS 23.0 software. The results obtained confirmed the existence of associations
between the parameters of loneliness and personal characteristics. Social uncertainty and neuroticism
contributed to increased feelings of lack of emotional closeness or connection with
people, as well as feelings of loneliness and isolation. In turn, an increase in the indicator of
attachment, on the contrary, helped to reduce the overall experience of loneliness. Attachment
and dependence on the opinions of others could increase the aversion to loneliness and
the tendency to seek companionship at any cost. Self-sufficiency and openness to experience contribute to the acceptance of loneliness and a more positive attitude towards this phenomenon.
In addition, openness to experience, active imagination, preference for variety, mental
flexibility, independence in judgment and evaluation, as well as sociability, activity, energy and
optimism helped reduce the experience of emotional and social loneliness.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: loneliness

value: experience of loneliness

value: solitude

value: personality traits

value: Big Five

value: sociotropy

value: self-sufficiency

value: period of adulthood


dc.contributor.author

value: Manukyan, Viktoria R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Manukyan V. R. To the research of the age identification of an adult. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 79–95. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the problem of studying the age identification of an adult. The aim
of the paper is to study age identification in the periods of early and middle adulthood in
relation to subjective age and markers of psychological well-being. Hypothesis: age identification
is based on comparing oneself with peers and attitude to age periods close to the age of
a respondent; it is characterized by qualitative, typological differences, has a connection with
subjective age. The results of two studies conducted on different age groups are presented: the
group of early adulthood (N = 70, 19–26 years; average age 23.6 years) and the group of middle
adulthood (N = 60, 27–46 years; average age 34 years). As the main method of age identification
research, the method of semantic differential with the next scales was used: strength,
activity, evaluation, complexity, orderliness. In the group of early adulthood, the categories “I”,
“Peer”, “Childhood”, “Adulthood” were offered for evaluation, in the group of middle adulthood
— “I”, “Peer”, “Youth”, “Old Age”. Subjective and ideal age (questionnaire), indicators of
psychological well-being (a short version of the C. Riff scale in the adaptation of E. G. Troshikhina)
and life satisfaction (questionnaire of E. Diener in the adaptation of D. A. Leontiev,
E. N. Osin) were also measured. Results: with the help of factor analysis, age identification
patterns were identified in each of the age groups. They differ by the degree of awareness,
the significance of age characteristics in the structure of self-identification and the degree of
consistency. In early adulthood, the relationship between the patterns of age identification,
chronological and subjective age is not traced, to a greater extent, subjective adulthood is
influenced by professional status (job availability). In middle adulthood, multiple significant
relationships were revealed, confirming the possibility of studying the content aspects of age
identification using a semantic differential.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: age identification

value: age identity

value: subjective age

value: early adulthood

value: middle adulthood

value: semantic differential


dc.contributor.author

value: Shipilova, Diana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shipilova D. S. (2024). Interrogative sentences as a way of expressing Russophobia in the modern virtual space (as exemplified in network Reddit). Media Linguistics, 11 (1), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Modern society today is subject to global processes of Westernization, the purpose of which
is to subjugate other cultures to Western influence. Thanks to the powerful potential of the
virtual space to disseminate the necessary ideas, a certain vision is imposed and mass manipulation of the consciousness of citizens is carried out. The consistent and long-term policy
of the Western world promotes the image of evil Russians, that leads to a surge in discrimination
against representatives of the Russian-speaking culture. The image of the evil people is
broadcast in the media and cinema, media personalities and politicians talk about it. Such
negative representation of Russians leads to their hostility. Intolerance towards the citizens of
the Russian Federation arise in the minds of a wide audience, which is reflected in both verbal
and non-verbal ways. The author aims: 1) to conduct a study of interrogative sentences in the
social network Reddit, one of the most famous and frequently visited Internet platforms in
the world; 2) to identify Russophobic sentiments, and 3) to make an attempt to systematize
the idea of the functions of interrogative sentences. Interrogative sentences are analyzed from
the point of view of their secondary function — the transfer of information, feelings and one’s
attitude to any situation. Selected by continuous sampling and carefully analyzed interrogative
sentences allow us to draw a conclusion about the Russophobic mood that is inherent
in the population of the Western world. The author has found that interrogative sentences
are aimed at expressing accusations, insults and gloating. The objects of Russophobia are the
Russian Federation itself, the President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and the citizens of the
country. It was revealed that Russophobia is observed through the use of verbs with negative
connotations, negatively colored epithets, parallel constructions, metaphorical models and
occasionalisms.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: media text

value: interrogative sentences

value: Reddit

value: Russophobia

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kiose, Maria I.

value: Leonteva, Anna V.

value: Agafonova, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kiose M. I., Leonteva A. V., Agafonova O. V. (2024). Multimodal deixis in media discourse: Film vs TV interview narratives. Media Linguistics, 11 (1), 30–52. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores two media discourse formats, film and TV interview as manifesting the
specific distribution of two communicative modalities — speech and gesture — in the multimodal
deixis of discourse space construal in narratives. To identify the attribution of speech
and gesture to two media formats, the study contrasts the plot contents and viewer engagement
as two major coordinates of discourse space in media. We hypothesize that since these
two formats display differences in their plot content and viewer engagement characteristics,
their distribution might affect the way the actors employ speech and gesture to present the discourse
space. The research data are 20 film and TV interview narratives with 10 highly rated
Russian actors (5 men and 5 women). The study exploits the method of multimodal analysis
to determine the contingency patterns of discursive schemata presenting discourse space in
speech and of discursive schemata presenting object of reference, move and frame of reference
in deictic gesture. The results show that multimodal deixis contributes to intensifying
both types of these characteristics. While multimodal deixis in film manifests the preference
for metonymic pointing, placement indication and speech event construal; in TV interview,
we observe the significant prevalence of metaphoric pointing, path indication and narrative
event construal. Additionally, TV interviews display the speech schemata specifying information
and accentuating the place of referent within the speech or narrative event. Overall, the
study shows that there are two basic types of discourse characteristics which produce higher
distinctions in multimodal deixis between film and TV interview formats; these are different
narrative regimes and different combination of staged performance and spontaneity.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Ministry for Education in Russia, project no. 075-03-2020-013/3
“Multimodal analysis of communicative behavior in different types of spoken discourse” and was carried out
at the Centre for Socio-Cognitive Discourse Studies at Moscow State Linguistic University.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: film

value: TV interview

value: speech

value: gesture

value: discourse space


dc.contributor.author

value: Strizhitskaya, Olga

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strizhitskaya, O. (2024). To the 25th anniversary of the Department of developmental psychology and differential psychology of St. Petersburg State University. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 14(1), 12–13.

dc.description.abstract

value: Special Preface to the 25th anniversary of the Department of developmental psychology and differential psychology of St. Petersburg State University

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 1


dc.contributor.author

value: Rudokvas, Anton D.

value: Fedorova, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rudokvas A. D., Fedorova O. A. 2024. Roman law in the jurisprudence of Russian courts. Pravovedenie 68 (1): 7–25. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In modern Russian judicial practice, the justification of court decisions by normative provisions
extracted from all that is collectively embraced by the concept of “soft law” is becoming increasingly
widespread. In this article, this phenomenon is revealed in the aspect of the practical
application by Russian courts of certain provisions of Roman law. Considering specific examples
of this kind, the authors, through doctrinal reflection, seek to identify common reasons
that encourage domestic courts to turn to the mentioned source of “soft law” and come to the
conclusion that modern Russian civil law in a sense repeated the path that was traversed by
the civil law of imperial Russia. If, back in the middle of the 19th century, the judiciary could not
even think of looking for a source of inspiration anywhere other than a literal interpretation of
the text of the law, then with the beginning of the “Great Reforms” of the 1860s, the unsuitability
of such an approach for servicing the rapidly developing turnover was revealed, and since the
legislator could not keep up with its development, the main work of adapting positive law to
changing relations was accepted the courts have assumed much broader discretionary powers.
Since the possibilities of the domestic doctrine to meet the needs of the law enforcement
officer in understanding and developing Russian law turned out to be very limited, judges found
themselves in demand for the European civilian tradition based on Roman law, familiarity with
which prompted them to independent judicial law-making. In many ways, similar processes are
observed in post-Soviet Russia, a visible manifestation of which is the expansion of “soft law”
into law enforcement practice, primarily through an appeal to the analogy of law and teleological
interpretation. One of the facets of this process is the revival of interest in the legacy of Roman
law and the Romanistic tradition. In this sense, unexpected parallels are found with the
development of the common law.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 1

value: soft law

value: Roman law

value: judicial practice

value: doctrine

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Krasnova, Tatiana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krasnova T. S. 2024. Access to garden-plots with reference to the Model Law of the CIS Member States. Pravovedenie 68 (1): 113–127. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the Appellate decision of the Leningrad Regional Court
dated August 11, 2021, No. 33-3839/2021 in which the court concluded that the residents of the
garden village have rights to access to individual land plots on the basis of an easement type
encumbrance established in relation to the roads of the village as a result of the division of the
original land plot. In support of its position the court refers, among other, to the Model Law “On
Limited Property Rights”, approved on November 27, 2015, by the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly
of the CIS Member States. At the same time the case is remarkable not only for its reference
to the Model Law, but also for the fact that in its resolution a commendable attempt was made
to find answers to questions about the allowability (non-allowability) of the alienation of general
purpose land plots in garden villages and gated communities separately from individual land
plots in these villages and communities; for the qualification of the restriction established by a
cadastral engineer in the process of dividing a land plot and displayed as a special note in the
Unified State Register of Real Estate. In addition the case allows to reflect on the allowability of
using Model Laws to resolve cases in Russian courts; on the presence (absence) of provisions
on so-called “legal easements” in the Federal Law of July 29, 2017, No. 217-FZ “On Gardening
and Horticulture by Citizens for Their Own Needs and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”; on the possibility to establish a “private” easement in relation
to one’s property, including the process of dividing one’s land plot; on the most effective ways
to protect owners of individual land plots in garden villages and gated communities in the events
of conflicts with owners of general purpose land plots in these villages and communities.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: easement

value: legal easement

value: garden-plot

value: access to land plot

value: model law

value: neighbor disputes

value: registration notations


dc.contributor.author

value: Colombo, Giorgio Fabio

dc.identifier.citation

value: Colombo G. F. 2024.The role of culture in international commercial arbitration. Pravovedenie 68 (1): 37–57. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
International commercial arbitration is the primary mean for settling international disputes of
a business nature. Because of its very structure, this procedure happens across borders and,
needlessly to say, cultures. As a consequence highly technical nature of international commercial
arbitration, the debate about “culture” in this field has adopted a fairly narrow approach,
and is generally limited to issues relating to clashes of different procedural styles and models
(e. g. the discovery of evidence, which is very different in Common Law and Civil Law jurisdictions),
studies about the arbitration community itself (a still quite small and tightly-knit group of
professionals), or to the arbitration-friendliness of a given country. Yet, the definition of “cultural
issues” in international commercial arbitration should be addressed from a much broader perspective.
This article intends to fill this gap, by tackling questions related to “law and culture” in
arbitration under three possible patterns: issues affecting the arbitrator, issues relating to the
applicable law, and issues relevant for the arbitration procedure.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: arbitration

value: alternative dispute resolution

value: legal cultures

value: procedural styles

value: comparative law


dc.contributor.author

value: Gordeev, Petr N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gordeev, Petr. “Ivan Vasilyevich Ekskuzovich — Architect and Theater Figure”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 34–59. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
For the first time the article gives a biographical study of the major theatrical figure and
St Petersburg architect I. V. Ekskuzovich. Having graduated from the Institute of Civil Engineers
in his youth, he has built several buildings in the capital of the Russian Empire, but his
lifework was the management of academic theaters in Leningrad and Moscow. In this article
there was first established the existence of the “Ekskuzovich coterie” in 1917, which also included
V. E. Meyerhold, conductor N. A. Malko and a certain number of the artists of the Mariinsky
Theatre; the role of the coterie in the nomination of Ekskuzovich to the post of the head
of the theater department at the end of 1917. The article summarizes the extensive material
related to his administrative activities in theaters: the role of Ekskuzovich in the creation of
the association of academic theaters, his official and personal correspondence with artists and
the People’s Commissar of Education A. V. Lunacharsky. Based on the reviews of memoirists,
private correspondence of artists and a number of anniversary addresses, a conclusion is made
about the significant popularity of Ekskuzovich in the artistic environment. It is emphasized
that the resignation of Ekskuzovich in 1928 took place against the will of Lunacharsky, who
lost by the end of the 1920s his real power in the People’s Commissariat for Education. The
activity of Ekskuzovich as a theorist and practitioner in mechanization of the theater stage, as
well as one of the leading engineers in the park management of Leningrad in the 1930s, is also
traced. The monograph “The Theater Stage in the Past and Present” published by him in 1930,
Ekskuzovich’s work on the continuation of this research, as well as his work on equipping the
stages of Soviet theaters, including the work on the theatrical part of the Palace of Soviets, are
considered. The article is based mainly on archival data; materials used 13 archives and manuscript
departments of museums and libraries.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: I. V. Ekskuzovich

value: A. V. Lunacharsky

value: V. E. Meyerhold

value: Soviet theater

value: Russian theater

value: architecture of St Petersburg

value: Palace of Soviets

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Laptev, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Laptev, Vladimir. “Moscow — Berlin: The Photomontage in Illustrated Magazines of the 1920s”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 186–212. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper presents the historical experience of organizing the visual space of an illustrated magazine
and its artistic design by means of photography. Attention is focused on the application
of photomontage in the demonstrated samples of printed publications of the Soviet Union and
Weimar Germany in the 1920s. Special attention is paid to the features of the artistic appearance
of the Soviet illustrated magazine “Smena” (Moscow), which began publishing in 1924, and the
German workers’ illustrated newspaper “Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung” (Berlin), which published
photographic materials since 1925. These publications became a symbol of the use of photomontage
in the first post-revolutionary decade in the world illustrated periodicals. In the years
of the avant-garde, photomontage became a method of forming an artistic composition through
the efforts of the Berlin Dada and Soviet constructivists. And in propaganda works it becomes
a method of constructing a fact that convinces and motivates the reader. The replacement of
illustration by photography and photomontage was accelerated in illustrated magazines. This
happened especially vividly in the 1920s, when new artistic techniques for creating imagery. The
result of the study is the revealed specificity of the use of photomontage within the framework
of two paradigms: Dadaism and constructivism, and their influence on the artistic appearance
of Soviet and German illustrated magazines of the 1920s. The predominance of mainly constructivist
ideas is shown both in the magazine “Smena” and in “Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung”,
despite the German roots of avant-garde photomontage. The result of the comparative analysis
was the thesis about the initial influence of Moscow on Berlin within the framework of the visual
strategy of propaganda periodicals. At the end of the decade under review, this vector began to
change its orientation, and already Soviet illustrated magazines were looking at the work of German
colleagues in terms of photomontage developments. And here the undisputed leadership in
visual innovations belonged to “Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung”.

dc.subject

value: illustrated magazine

value: Berlin Dada

value: constructivism

value: agitation art

value: photomontage

value: avant-garde photography

value: pictorial statistics

value: “Smena”

value: “Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung”


dc.contributor.author

value: Bocharov, Yuri S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bocharov, Yuri. “Some Thoughts on the Baroque Organ Suite”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 4–22. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with the Baroque organ suite, which arose in France in the Reign of Louis
XIV, when the tradition of publishing organ books was formed. And such books usually consisted
of liturgical versets, grouped according to certain church tones. Since the musicological
literature does not have a clear understanding of what an organ suite is as a genre, the author
decided to clearly differentiate it among organ masses, magnificats and hymns that are similar
in structure. In his opinion, an organ suite is an ordered collection of different musical pieces
(usually from 6 to 13) in a single tone, without a common liturgical name. In total, there are
approximately 75 such suites written by Nivers, Lebègue, Clérambault, Marchand and other
masters of the French Baroque, although only a few samples are designated as Suite. Organ
suites were not generally characterized by structural unification. However, they usually begin
with a piece in the character of a solemn introduction, which is called Prélude or Plein jeu (by
type of registration). The second most often is Fugue. Next follows a diverse group of textural
and register genres. And as the completion of the entire suite, as a rule, are full-sounded Grand
jeu or Plein jeu. At the same time, performance of the suites entirely “in one sitting”, as in
modern concert practice, was not intended. French organ suites were addressed primarily to
provincial organists, who could use individual pieces both as a guide for their own improvisations,
and in the form of already “ready-made” versets for various services. If necessary, they
could also combine these pieces, including other music. Therefore, any attempts of modern
musicologists to find in the structure of the Baroque organ suite any purely musical meaning
and to analyze them on the model of multi-movement compositions of later times have nothing
in common with the authentic practice.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 14; Issue 1

value: organ suite

value: organ book

value: French music

value: Baroque era

value: liturgical practice

value: alternatim

value: verset

value: church tone


dc.contributor.author

value: Milanich, Yulia M.

value: Piatakova, Galina V.

value: Krainyukov, Sergei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Milanich Yu. M., Piatakova G. V., Krainyukov S. V. Irina Ivanovna Mamaichuk. Her scientific contributions in child clinical psychology and psychology of developmental disorders. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 174–191. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is dedicated to the memory of Professor of the Department of Medical Psychology
and Psychophysiology of the Saint Petersburg State University, a leading specialist in the field
of child clinical psychology Irina Ivanovna Mamaychuk. An attempt to analyze and generalize
its great scientific and practical contribution to child clinical psychology is made. The stages
of her professional path are singled out and described: (1) the study of the mechanisms and
types of disturbed development in children with cerebral palsy; (2) study of the psychology
of children with various disorders of the musculoskeletal system; (3) empirical substantiation
of strategies and technologies for psychological assistance to children with various variants
of disturbed development; (4) development of methodological and applied problems of child
clinical psychology. The results and conclusions of Irina Ivanovna’s key studies are revealed,
which have made a great contribution to understanding the causes and mechanisms of mental
disorders in children and adolescents, and embodying the principles of ontogenetic and system-
structural approaches developed at the Leningrad — St. Petersburg school of psychology.
In particular, the study of the role of motility in perceptogenesis in various variants of dysontogenesis;
specifics of violations of interfunctional relationships in children with motor and
mental disorders; subspecies of mental retardation of cerebral-organic origin; psychological
characteristics of children and adolescents with somatic pathology. Based on the analysis of
scientific works, a list of the main problems and prospects of modern child clinical psychology
is highlighted. An approach to psychological assistance and psychological correction of disorders
in children and adolescents is described, taking into account the role of the family and
the immediate environment. It is emphasized that the empirical work of Irina Ivanovna has
become the “gold standard” in the study of the problems of children with mental dysontogenesis,
and her theoretical generalizations and methodological developments are very important for the further development of child clinical psychology and understanding the problem of
mental development in general.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 1

value: I. I. Mamaychuk

value: child clinical psychology

value: psychology of developmental disorders

value: dysontogenesis

value: psychological correction

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lavrentyeva, Elena V.

value: Kadikova, Irina F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lavrentyeva, Elena, and Irina Kadikova. “Technological Features of the Group of Nev’yansk Icons from Nev’yansk Icon Museum”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 122–141. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the technological examination of eight icons from the largest collection
of Ural icon painting in Russia. For the first time the subject of study is the material component of Nev’yansk icons of the first half of the 18th century. The authors determined
the painting techniques and artistic materials used by the first icon painters of the mining
and metallurgical Ural. The phenomenon of the Old Believers’ Ural Region icon school of
this period is doubted and questioned by some modern experts, but in fact this phenomenon
is confirmed by the coincidence of technological features of the Nev’yansk icon “Our Lady of
Egypt” (1734) and other icons of that period (identical processing of wooden panels, composition
of prime and paints, style of so-called lichnόe (painting of exposed body parts) and
dolíchnoe (painting of clothing), as well as the painting stratigraphy). The icons were obviously
painted in a very small workshop. One technological factor speaks in favor of their Ural Region
origin: the use of anhydrite as a filler for the prime. The technique of lichnόe is also very
special— alternating layers of white paint and ocher when painting a carnation; in some cases
applying the first modeling layer (white) directly over the sankir (proplasmos). The second
point indicates the early Nev’yansk icon painters’ familiarity with the techniques of the court
icon painters in the Armory in Moscow. The latter in turn agrees with the historical facts that
from the 20–30s of the 18th century masters from the Volga Region who had previously been
employed by the Armoury then moved to the Ural Region. In addition, the blue pigments are
the most important chronological indicator for the icons of this period. The synthetic azurite
predominates among the author’s paints; also, indigo and smalt are found, while Prussian blue
is completely absent.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Nev’yansk icon

value: Ural icon

value: Old Believer icon painting

value: pigments of icon painting

value: chemical analysis of paints

value: microscopic examination of painting

value: Russian icon painting technique

value: Russian icon painting materials

value: painting attribution


dc.contributor.author

value: Bulak, Ksenia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bulak, Ksenia. “The Theme of the High North in the Art of Krasnoyarsk Artist Stepan Fedorovich Turov”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 78–96. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Stepan Fedorovich Turov was drawing artist who has served an important purpose of the
development of book illustration at the Krasnoyarsk Krai, he was an artist who has been famous
in his own lifetime at home and abroad. Works of art on the theme of the North forms
a large part of Turov’s heritage but no one research that characterized specificity of realization
of the North at Turov’s creative work has been published until the present. There is very small
amount of published works about the artist. I. M. Davydenko’s opening chapter of the catalogue
of posthumous exhibition of Turov of the 1983 is only one attempt to bring comprehensive
analysis of the art of the artist. At books and papers of T. M. Lomanova, E. D. Getmanski
and V. Averikhin only a few artworks made by Turov are examined. The aims of this scientific
paper are to summarize data about graphic works made by Turov and devoted to the North
and to find specific pictorial patterns that are used at these works. At the paper the key aspects
are contemplated where the theme of the North in the art of Turov was found out: book illustration,
series of easel etchings, linocut landscapes, ex-libris. There was made a connection
between book illustration and easel graphic works made by Turov on the theme of the North.
This paper not only brings a coherent picture of the development of the theme of the North
in art of Turov for the first time. It also put into scientific circulation an information about
unpublished artworks made by Turov and new facts of the artist’s biography connected with
the North. It was identified that the theme of the North is essential in art of Stepan Fedorovich Turov. Often he tried out new genres and composition patterns specifically within the theme
of the North. There were denoted characteristic features of works of art made by Turov on the
theme of the North such as individual method of describing a space and keen perception of
the culture of indigenous northern people.

dc.subject

value: Stepan Fedorovich Turov

value: High North

value: Krasnoyarsk artists

value: printmaking

value: book illustration

value: easel graphic works

value: ex-libris

value: etching

value: linocut

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Strizhitskaya, Olga Yu.

value: Petrash, Marina D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strizhitskaya O. Yu., Petrash M. D. Development of the “Construction of aging strategies” questionnaire. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 158–173. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The work describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a tool aimed at assessing
the strategies used to promote successful aging. In the context of increasing life expectancy
and the number of older people in the general population, the issue of maintaining and improving
the quality of life of older people is particularly acute. Science has accumulated a large
amount of data on the mechanisms and factors influencing aging. Moreover, these factors can
be modeled by the person himself. However, there are no tools that would allow us to assess
these mechanisms and the frequency of their use in a one’s life, both current and retrospectively.
The study participants included 170 adults aged 40–75 years. Based on theoretical analysis,
22 strategies were formulated, each of which was assessed on a 5-point scale. To check the convergent
validity, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile questionnaire, the K. Riff Psychological
Well-Being Scale, the Aging Perception Questionnaire, and questions from a demographic
survey were used. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, four scales were identified: “Strategies
for maintaining health”, “Metacognitive strategies”, “Strategies for self-development” and
“Generative strategies”. Scale reliability and confirmatory analysis confirmed the suitability of
the resulting instrument as well as its consistency with the empirical data. Analysis of convergent
validity showed that the selected scales were associated with indicators of a healthy lifestyle,
psychological well-being, positive ideas about aging and the desire to change something
in one’s life for the sake of a prosperous old age. The results obtained can be used both for
scientific study of the mechanisms of futurization of aging, and for practical work on assessing
resources for the formation of aging and building individual aging trajectories.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation, grant no. 22-28-00869; https://rscf.
ru/en/project/22-28-00869.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: construction of aging strategies

value: futurization of aging

value: aging

value: effective aging

value: validization

value: healthy aging


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryzhinskii, Aleksandr S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryzhinskii, Aleksandr. “‘Das Floß der Medusa’: About Problem of Henze’s Political Engagement”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to one of the most famous works of H. W. Henze “Das Floß der Medusa”
(“The Raft of Medusa”), often seen as an example of Henze’s political engagement. The author
of the article concludes that the oratorio was recognized as a political composition in large
part due to the accompanying circumstances of its creation and premiere, but not based on
the original idea and its realisation. The author demonstrate “Das Floß der Medusa” like a
example of the protest music as a direction that exposes not only fascism, but also any form
of social inequality, violence against the person. The study of the features of choral style of
“Das Floß der Medusa” reveals parallels in the textural structure between Henze’s oratorio and
Nono’s works of the 1950s (“La victoire de Guernica”, “Il canto sospeso”, “Intolleranza 1960”).
The use of political text resources, the operation of individual syllables and phonemes of a
literary text, work with multilingual verbal rows, the active use of diagonal texture — all this
brings together the choral works of two contemporaries. At the same time, Henze’s composition
also reflected the searches in the field of vocal timbre, characteristic of other composers
of Darmstadt Summer Course — the use of various modifications of speech singing (Sprechgesang),
the latest techniques of vocal articulation (vocal tremolo, prolongation of the anterolingual
vibrant). All this together allows us to talk about Henz’s oratorio as one of the most
peculiar choral compositions of the late 1960s.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 14; Issue 1

value: Hans Werner Henze

value: oratorio “Das Floß der Medusa”

value: choral music of post-war avant-garde

value: political engagement

value: word and music

value: choral texture

value: vocal timbres


title: Guest editor’s note

dc.contributor.author

value: Borroni, Andrea

dc.description.abstract

value: Guest editor’s note

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gandini, Edoardo

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gandini E. 2024. Decolonizing Law: Language and anthropology in the Lusosphere. Pravovedenie 68 (1): 58–96. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the Lusophere, under the appearance of homogeneity of law, due to the influence of Portuguese
law, are hidden linguistic and anthropological aspects that are still untied from the State
institutions and formal law of the new independent Countries. Thus, this paper, after an overview
of the historical events of Portuguese law — from the presence of ius commune in Portugal,
to the colonial era, to the post-independence legal systems — focuses on the linguistic and
anthropological aspects of millions of people, only conventionally of Portuguese mother tongue
and who regulate their lives according to spontaneous unwritten rules. Comparing within the
Lusophere, this paper carries out its observation from three different perspectives: law, language,
and anthropology. Portuguese now ranks sixth in terms of the number of native speakers
and is spread across at least four continents; therefore, it is surprising to observe the scant
consideration within the comparative studies for the law and language of Lusophone areas,
with few exceptions and mostly confined to native authors. Even more unexplored is the field
of comparative law among Portuguese-speaking countries, and except for a few contributions
between Portuguese and Brazilian law, attention to Angola, Mozambique, Guinea Bissau, Cape
Verde, São Tomé e Princípe, Equatorial Guinea and East Timor is sporadic, rare or nonexistent.
This scenario appears to be due to a kind of self-referentiality of the Lusophone legal systems,
mainly due to a strong academic dependence on Portuguese universities, a common erudite
and administrative language, and a low diffusion of foreign language study. A decolonization of
law is for these reasons desirable and, instead of being perceived an intimidating path, should
be seen as a chance for new development opportunities.

dc.subject

value: Lusophony

value: Lusosphere

value: language

value: anthropology

value: traditional law

value: costume

value: decolonization

value: comparative law


dc.contributor.author

value: Demidova, Maria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Demidova, Maria. “The Wisdom of Bacchus: Emblematic, Iconographic and Literary Allusions in the Hermitage Painting by P. P. Rubens”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 97–121. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The painting “Bacchus” by Peter Paul Rubens (State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg) has
frequently attracted the attention of both local and foreign researchers. In this article, we question the interpretation of the painting as a simple allegory of the autumn grape harvest and
the celebration of production of young wine. Bacchanalian subjects since Antiquity have been
loaded with additional meanings associated with regeneration and creative potentials. The
latter aspect was picked up and developed by Renaissance artists. Rubens followed often that
tradition. L. D. Davis saw in the Hermitage painting a metaphor of the creative method of the
Flemish painter, who trusted intuitive impulses more than rigid rules. We share partially this
point of view, but we propose to consider the named work in a broader sense than that scholar
did. It seems to us that Rubens presented in “Bacchus” his allegorical self-portrait, emphasizing
his love of life and his philosophical emancipation. Thus, the Flemish artist expressed his
opposition to moralizing and short-sighted opinions in contemporary culture and his desire
to return to the breadth of the Renaissance vision. As a consequence, the allusions contained
in his painting to “The Andrians” by Titian, some emblems by Andrea Alciato, as well as the
new Rubens interpretation of Comus, an ancient character, which John Milton used in his
didactic mask a few years before the creation of Hermitage work, — don’t seem accidental.
The portly Bacchus in the painting is presented as the lord of earthly diversity and boundless
abundance, at the same time he is a wise mentor-judge, indicating how to properly handle
all this wealth open to human race. The concept of the boon as the right disposal of freedom
and desires, reflected in iconographic system of the Hermitage painting, fits with the ideas of
Plato’s dialogue “Feast”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Peter Paul Rubens

value: Andrea Alciato

value: the tradition of Bacchus depicting

value: emblems

value: “Paintings” of Philostratus

value: “Statues” of Callistratus

value: puer mingens

value: Komos

value: allegory of Intemperance


dc.contributor.author

value: Kornilina, Polina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kornilina P. V. 2024. The constitutionalisation of private law: Comparative analysis. Pravovedenie 68 (1): 128–150. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is divided into four parts. The first part discloses the definition of constitutionalisation
of private law, which means the influence of fundamental (constitutional) human rights on
private law. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the key issue related to the topic of
constitutionalisation of private law — how and to what extent fundamental (constitutional) human
rights influence private law. In this regard, the four models of private law constitutionalisation
identified in comparativism and the pro/contra arguments for each of them are examined.
The third part of the article examines which of these models is embodied in foreign legal orders
(in particular, Germany, the Neatherlands, Canada, South Africa and the UK). The author
concludes that the most widespread is the model of indirect influence of fundamental human
rights on private law. The fourth part of the article provides a comparative legal analysis of the
application of the indirect model of constitutionalisation. This model identifies two approaches
that characterise the attitude of foreign lawmakers to human rights provisions in different ways.
The first approach, the “strong” indirect model, assumes that human rights provisions enshrine
rights that constitute binding rules. This approach is represented in particular in the UK. The
second, the “weak” indirect model, views human rights provisions as enshrining values and
being principles to be taken into account alongside other circumstances. This approach is represented
in particular in Germany.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: publicization of private law

value: constitutionalization of private law

value: privatization of human rights

value: human rights

value: horizontal relations

value: Drittwirkung

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pronin, Alexander A.

value: Svyatoslavsky, Alexey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pronin, Alexander, and Alexey Svyatoslavsky. “Georgy Kryzhitsky as Co-founder and Theorist of the FEKS (on the Centenary of the Creative Association)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 60–77. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article raises the question of the role of George Kryzhitsky in the formation of the
theoretical platform and the creation of the theater workshop of FEKS (“Factory of the
Eccentric Actor”). For the first time in scientific practice, a comparative analysis of Kryzhitsky’s
publications of 1921–1922 is undertaken: “The Theater of the Spirit of the Flesh”,
“Philosophical Farce”, “Philosophical Farce. Theater on the contrary”, “Excitement” in the
collection “Eccentricity — as a single corpus of theoretical texts. The basic aesthetic categories
based on the principles of ancient philosophy and theater, and the dynamics of his
concept of a new theater are revealed; the significance of the theoretical constructions of
Kryzhitsky in the formation of the ideological and artistic principles of the eccentric theater,
stated in the “Manifesto of the Eccentric Theater” (1921) and in the collection “Eccentricity”
(1922). Based on the analysis of texts and historical and biographical information, the
hypothesis of the influence of Kryzhitsky as the “only adult” of the FEKS on the creative
worldview of his young associates (G. Kozintsev, L. Trauberg, S. Yutkevich) in the southern
period of their acquaintance (1918–1920), as well as about the key role of Kryzhitsky in the
Petrograd process of formation of the creative collective in late 1921 — early 1922. The split
of the original core of the FEKS and further history of the relationship between Kryzhitsky
and Kozintsev, Trauberg and Yutkevich, who pursued movie making, are also considered
through the prism of theory — as a result of the revealed differences in the assessment of the communicative side of the creative process. The article claims that Kryzhitsky remained
faithful to a “live” stage performance with a real audience, which embodies a “unified sense
of theater”, and his former associates chose a virtual screen action for self-expression, that is
a fundamentally different medium.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 23-18-01007 “Socialist Realism:
Between Classics and Avant-garde, Myth and Reality, Officialdom and Opposition”, https://rscf.ru/
project/23-18-01007/, at the Russian Christian Humanities Academy named after F. M. Dostoevsky.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russian avant-garde

value: eccentricity

value: theater

value: FEKS

value: Georgy Kryzhitsky

value: manifesto

value: author

value: Petrograd


dc.contributor.author

value: Margaryan, Gayane S.

value: Margaryan, Yervand G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Margaryan, Gayane, and Yervand Margaryan. “Grigor Khanjyan’s Triptych as a Visualization of the Commemoration in the Context of the Armenian Ethnogenetic Myth”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 142–164. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the visualization of three key events in the history of Armenia in the
work of the artist Grigor Khanjyan: the invention of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots, the Vardanid War for independence. To achieve ideological and aesthetic goals, the artist
turned to the monumental genre. The final result was a triptych, now stored in the heart of
Yerevan, in the architectural and monumental Cascade complex, in the Gerard Gafeschyan Art
Center, in the hall named after the artist. The frescoes are united by cumulation and intentional
atemporality of the characters. Another characteristic feature of the triptych is that Khanjyan
turned to academic classicism to implement the idea. As an artistic technique, the master uses
achrony, shifting the time frame for different characters, but at the same time, remaining faithful
to the plot and the entourage of the depicted events. The central part of the triptych resembles
a temporary dromos, separating and simultaneously connecting the first and third khorans, epochal
events that changed the paradigm of the Armenian nation’s existence. Through the time
portal, the Armenian ethnic group flows from the early Middle Ages to our days. A cross-cutting
idea is the ideal of the social structure of the Armenian nation, which has gained sovereignty,
sought by Khanjyan. The artist models the Golden Age according to the type of social structure
of the early Middle Ages, extrapolating the medieval paradigm to the present and tomorrow. The
ukhronia of the Reborn Armenia created by the artist is a projection of early medieval Armenia.
Among the researchers who conducted an art criticism analysis of this work of Khanjyan,
it is perhaps worth highlighting the names of such researchers as N. Stepanyan, N. Eyramjians,
V. Gamagelyan, etc., whose works we refer to in our study. This article is intended to partially fill
this obvious gap. The scientific novelty of the study lies in its interdisciplinary approach, due to
the fact that one of the co–authors is a historian and the other is an art critic. This allowed the
authors to conduct a diverse analysis using historical, cultural, semiotic, anthropological, ethnographic
and, of course, art criticism approaches.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out within the framework of the project of the Committee on Science of the
Republic of Armenia, project no. 21AG‐6C041.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Grigor Khanjyan

value: triptych

value: frescoes

value: tempera technique

value: creation of the Armenian alphabet

value: Vardanank

value: Revival of Armenia

value: academism

value: composition

value: ethno-genetic myth


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozova, Anna V.

value: Fedorenko, Valentina Z.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozova, Anna, and Valentina Fedorenko. “Children Portrait in Golden Age Spanish Painting: Iconographic Types, the Artistic Image Specificity, Development Stages”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 14, no. 1 (2024): 165–185. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2024.109 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to children court portraits in the Spanish Art Golden Age. The Spanish
children portrait has been unfairly overlooked by researchers. Meanwhile, its development
visibly and vividly reveals the specifics of the Spanish art evolution. It also has a number of
specific features that are absent in an adult portrait. The study of Philip II letters to his daughters
reveals the closeness and warmth of relations in the Spanish royal family, and also shows
the richness and diversity of the infantas activities. The images of fine art and the world of
Philip letters to his daughters are “not congruent”, what clearly demonstrates the conventionality
and canonicity of children representative images. The canon of representation helps to
understand the modern didactic works of Erasmus of Rotterdam, Luis Vives, Baldassare Castiglione.
Children, and especially royal children, were trained from an early age for their adult
roles. Accordingly, there was a rigid canon of representation. It turns out to be the strictest
in the era of Philip II. It was then that the first children portraits of infantes appeared. Subsequently,
the iconography of children portraits is diversified. Italian Sofonisba Anguissola
brought a sense of transience and emotionality to the strict Spanish canon, what would be adopted by Diego Velazquez. In the XVII century second half, the feeling of the variability of
life was replaced by baroque bravura, enriched with allegorical figures and royal attributes in
the portrait of Carlos II child by Sebastián de Herrera Barnuevo. And in the 18th century first
half under the Bourbons the strict Spanish iconography was complemented by bright rocaille
colors and glorification in encrypted emblems.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by a project from the Russian Science Foundation no. 23-28-00061 “Children
Portrait in Golden Age Spanish Painting: Iconographic Types and the Artistic Image Specificity”,
https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00061/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 14; Issue 1

value: Spanish painting

value: Golden Age era

value: A. Sanchez Coello

value: J. Pantoja de la Cruz

value: B. Gonzalez

value: S. Anguissola

value: D. Velázquez

value: S. Herrera Barnuevo

value: Spanish infantes portraits

dc.type

value: Article


title: Law-making and cognitive sciences

dc.contributor.author

value: Boldyrev, Vladimir A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Boldyrev V. A. 2024. Law-making and cognitive sciences. Pravovedenie 68 (1): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the study is to show how cognitive sciences can and should change the paradigm
of lawmaking in conditions of a saturated with contradictory data and unstable information
environment. The prospects for studying the cognitive activity of lawyers are outlined on the
basis of methods characteristic of cognitive sciences, as well as the patterns established in
these sciences. Interdisciplinary studies of cognitive processes can help identify the acceptable
frequency of law changes, which makes it possible to use it as a tool for regulating human
behavior, as well as determining periods of time sufficient to develop balanced decisions that
have the property of normativity. Interdisciplinary studies of the brain can help determine the
reaction of the human psyche to the novelty factor in the texts of normative legal acts, establish age-related changes in the understanding and assimilation of new normative guidelines
that occur due to changes in brain neuroplasticity. Interdisciplinary studies of language should
contribute to the development of algorithms for linking natural and artificial languages, the development
of measures to improve the texts of laws written for humans, allowing them to be
adapted to a computer, they can offer a technique for using artificial intelligence to check the
texts of laws prepared by people. Cognitive modeling will make it possible to establish the possibility
and expediency of using the mode of multimodal submission of regulatory information
(combining text and graphics), to establish and reduce the negative impact on the quality of
legal decisions of the digital environment in which they are made, to determine the positive and
negative consequences of the widespread use of reference legal systems. It is concluded that
studies of the patterns of human cognitive activity on the basis of legal material and the study
of the reactions of the human psyche to changes in normative attitudes should be carried out
mainly by specialists in the field of cognitive sciences. The development of draft normative legal
acts should be carried out by teams of lawyers, taking into account data from other areas of
knowledge, including the achievements of cognitive sciences.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: jurisprudence

value: lawmaking

value: cognitive science

value: cognitive psychology

value: cognitive linguistics

value: neuroimaging

value: machine-readable document

dc.title

value: Law-making and cognitive sciences


dc.contributor.author

value: Acquarone, Lorenza

dc.identifier.citation

value: Acquarone L. 2024. The Indian Contract Act — background and case law. Pravovedenie 68 (1): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.102

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article aims to illustrate the background and the case law of the Indian Contract Act, enacted
in 1872. It also tries to provide a comparison between the law introduced in India and
the model which is the English Common Law of Contract based on the English law of the time.
Indeed, the provisions contained in the Indian Contract Act are more advanced and more organically
conceived than the English Common Law of Contract. Pillars of the Common Law of
Contract such as the doctrine of consideration, the doctrine of frustration and the doctrine of
economic duress are found in the Indian act in an improved version. Indian courts applied them
consistently in the majority of cases. Even today, in a few exceptional cases, the Indian courts
appear to be influenced by English case law to such an extent that they do not comply with
the innovative aspects of the Indian Contract Act. Recently the pandemic of Covid-19 causing
hindrance to the performance of many contracts raised questions such as the existence of
force majeure able to nullify the contract and in certain cases it triggered the applicability of the
doctrine of frustration. Such situations are codified by the Indian Contract Act and case law is
available. New needs have arisen in the field of marriage law such as prenuptial agreements,
which may apparently be deemed valid if they pass the test of public order as stated in the Indian
Contract Act.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Indian law

value: Common Law

value: Indian Contract Act

value: contract law

value: marriage law


title: Guest editor’s foreword. Gabriele Crespi Reghizzi: a biographical note on his travelling through Russian law

dc.contributor.author

value: Ajani, Gianmaria

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Starunova, Zinaida

value: Shunkina, Ksenia

value: Novikova, Elena

value: Starunov, Viktor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Starunova, Z., Shunkina, K., Novikova, E., and Starunov, V. 2024. Exploring Octopamine: Immunohistochemical research of a spionid worm Pygospio elegans nervous system. Bio. Comm. 69(1): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.106

dc.description.abstract

value:
Octopamine is a biogenic amine specific for invertebrates distributed in all
groups from Cnidaria to Echinodermata. Our study is aimed to investigate the
octopamine-positive elements in the nervous system of the spionid worm Pygospio
elegans. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect octopamine-positive
elements in the central and peripheral nervous systems. While the central nervous
system exhibited weak staining, the peripheral nervous system showed
specifically octopamine-like elements in the palps, peristomium, and body segments.
The detected octopamine-like elements were compared with other neurotransmitters
in the P. elegans nervous system. Our results contribute to the
data on annelid octopaminergic nervous system structure.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was performed
with the financial support of the Russian
Scientific Foundation Grant no. 21-14-00304.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 69; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Pygospio elegans

value: nervous system

value: peripheral nervous system

value: octopamine

value: immunohistochemistry

value: confocal microscopy


dc.contributor.author

value: Kazakova, Tatiana

value: Marshinskaya, Olga

value: Notova, Svetlana

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kazakova, T., Marshinskaya, O., and Notova, S. 2024. Influence of subchronic exposure to manganese carried by female rats during pregnancy on the behavioral and cognitive abilities of their offspring at later stages of postnatal development. Bio. Comm. 69(1): 12–25. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.102

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to manganese (Mn)
on the functional state of offspring at later stages of postnatal development
(PND). Female rats were treated with MnSO4 · 5H2O in the diet at a dose of
1433 mg/kg starting 28 days prior to breeding and through gestation. The pregnancy
proceeded normally, no physical abnormalities were observed. There
was a lag in physical development of the offspring, which was characterized
by a later opening of the eyes, the formation of a coat and the eruption of incisors,
the weight gain was attenuated from PND 0–84. Offspring had hyperactive
behavior and deterioration in spatial learning and memory. The level of Mn in
the blood serum and cerebral cortex was higher than the control values by 11
and 53 % respectively. The acetylcholinesterase level in the serum was higher
by 47 %. These findings highlight the risk of prenatal exposure to subchronic
doses of Mn.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The present work was prepared
within the framework of the state task of
the Federal Research Center of Biological
Systems and Agrotechnologies of the
Russian Academy of Sciences (project
no. FNWZ-2022-0011).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: heavy metals

value: manganese

value: toxicity

value: prenatal influence

value: behavior

value: cognitive abilities

value: acetylcholinesterase

value: biomarker


dc.contributor.author

value: Sushentseva, Natalya

value: Apalko, Svetlana

value: Popov, Oleg

value: Polkovnikova, Irina

value: Vasiliev, Evgeny

value: Gladyshev, Dmitriy

value: Salukhov, Vladimir

value: Scherbak, Sergey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sushentseva, N., Apalko, S., Popov, O., Polkovnikova, I., Vasiliev, E., Gladyshev, D., Salukhov, V., and Scherbak, S. 2024. Circulating biomarker profile changes in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Bio. Comm. 69(1): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
Bariatric surgery (BS) remains the most effective treatment for morbid obesity
(MO). It’s relevant to identify biomarkers for predicting the outcome of BS in
patients with MO. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamical change
in the biomarker levels in patients undergoing BS and apparently healthy donors.
Serum and plasma samples were obtained from 66 patients, of which
26 patients with MO (aged 26–72 years) underwent BS, and 40 healthy donors,
at the age of 56 ± 10.3 years. Patient samples were obtained the day before
BS (first group), 3–7 months after BS (second group), and 7 or more months
after BS (third group). Analyte concentrations were determined by multiplex
immunoassay on the xMAP platform (Luminex). Spearman’s rank correlation
was used. The nature of analyte variability was described by building multiple
regression models. In the patients compared with healthy controls, differences
in the levels of resistin, PAI1, MCP1, GLP1, leptin, FGF23, adiponectin, adipsin
were observed. In patients after BS, the levels of resistin, ANGPTL6, FGF21, and
leptin changed. In patients over 55 years old compared with younger patients,
differences for total ANGPTL4, amylin, and pancreatic polypeptide were observed.
Differences in levels of glucagon, resistin, GLP1 and leptin were noted
between men and women. The dynamics of the levels of adipokines and incretins
indicates biochemical changes in patients after BS compared with healthy
persons.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 69; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: obesity

value: biomarkers

value: bariatric surgery

value: weight loss

value: body weight

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tumanov, Denis

value: Khabibulina, Valeriia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tumanov, D. and Khabibulina, V. 2024. Even one tardigrade is enough. Molecular methods revealed presence of pantropical species Echiniscus lineatus (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae) in the fauna of Seychelles. Bio. Comm. 69(1): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
A brief report on the tardigrade species Echiniscus lineatus discovered in a moss
cushion collected in Seychelles is given. The species represents a new pantropical
element in the tardigrade fauna of Seychelles. With this record the number
of echiniscid tardigrade species in Seychelles has reached five. Morphological
identification of the species is supported with the analysis of obtained sequences
of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA barcode genes (ITS-1, ITS-2 and COI). Analysis
of the genetic data using the method of TCS haplotype networks revealed
separated position of the Seychellian population of E. lineatus and supported
the hypothesis of independent colonisation of Seychelles.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by
the State scientific program “Taxonomy,
biodiversity and ecology of invertebrates
from Russian and adjacent waters of World
Ocean, continental water bodies and
damped areas” no. 122031100275-4.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: distribution

value: zoogeography

value: genetic variability

value: COI

value: TCS haplotype networks

value: Echiniscidae


dc.contributor.author

value: Asomani Antwi, Naomi

value: Khusnetdinova, Landysh

value: Timofeeva, Olga

dc.identifier.citation

value: Asomani Antwi, N., Khusnetdinova, L., and Timofeeva, O. 2024. Influence of growth regulators on microclonal propagation of Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort under in vitro conditions. Bio. Comm. 69(1): 3–11. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.101

dc.description.abstract

value:
The possibility of effective microclonal propagation of Scrophularia umbrosa
Dumort for producing planting materials, aimed at preservation of the species
has been shown. This will aid in the creation of artificial introduction populations
of this endangered species in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Optimal
conditions for surface sterilization of seeds, development of microshoots, in vitro
rooting and acclimatization have been developed. The most effective surface
sterilization and germination was achieved with 10 % commercial bleach.
Nodal explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with different
concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-acetic acid
(IAA). The maximum number of microshoots was developed on MS medium
containing 1.0 mg/l of BAP and 1.0 mg/l of IAA. Full strength MS medium with
only IAA or together with (indole-3-butyric acid) IBA is optimal for rapid rooting
of microshoots. The combination of soil: perlite (2 : 1) (v/v) was the best for ex
vitro acclimatization of plantlets.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study was funded by the
Program of Strategic Academic Leadership
of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
(PRIORITY 2030).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 69; Issue 1

value: micropropagation

value: S. umbrosa

value: surface sterilization

value: microshoot

value: morphogenesis

value: rhizogenesis

value: acclimatization


dc.contributor.author

value: Khromov-Borisov, Nikita

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khromov-Borisov, N. 2024. Surprising Wilkins’ error (Nature 1953, 172: 755–762). Bio. Comm. 69(1): 47–49. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.105

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was awarded jointly to Francis
Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick
Wilkins “for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids
and its significance for information transfer in living material”. Building the
scale atomic-molecular models and applying strong inference Watson and Crick
(1953a,b) presented convincing evidences for the following features of the spatial
structure of the DNA molecule: (i) this structure has two helical chains each
coiled round the same axis; (ii) both chains follow right-handed helices; (iii) the
sequences of the atoms in the two chains run in opposite directions; (iv) the two
chains are held together by hydrogen-bonded purine and pyrimidine bases;
(v) the planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis; (vi) only specific
pairs of bases can bond together: adenine (purine) with thymine (pyrimidine),
and guanine (purine) with cytosine (pyrimidine). X-ray evidence obtained
at the same time by Wilkins et al. (1953a,b), and Franklin et al. (1953a,b) gave
qualitative support to this structure and was incompatible with all previously
proposed structures. Wilkins et al. (1953b) built molecular models of the type
described by Watson and Crick (1953a) and adjusted them to conform with
their experimental data. However, it appeared that the paper by Wilkins et al.
(1953b) contains a curious and inexplicable error. Namely, in their Figure 3 DNA
is schematically drawn as a left-handed helix, which, as Crick and Watson (1954)
explained, is stereochemically impossible and must be right-handed. The fact
stated here was mysteriously not noticed before and, fortunately, had no detrimental
effect on the development of science.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: DNA double helix

value: chirality

value: M. H. F. Wilkins

value: error

value: science history

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: MOLCHANOV, VICTOR

dc.identifier.citation

value: MOLCHANOV V. SINN AND ITS SHADOW. TERMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HUSSERL’S CONCEPTION OF NOETIC-NOEMATIC STRUCTURES OF PURE CONSCIOUSNESS. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 207–240.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The methodological premise of the investigation is the meta-difference between foreground and background
as a necessary element of any difference, including the difference between conceptual and
terminological types of analysis of philosophical texts. The topic of terminological analysis is the function
of the terms that make up the framework of concepts, the methods and justifications for their
introduction. The role of D. Hume, who was the first to draw attention to the difference in the meaning
of the same word in natural and philosophical languages, is noted. More general questions are formulated
regarding the prerequisites of terminological analysis: what is a term, what experience underlies
the very process of introducing terms, are terms a necessary building material of philosophical texts
or a necessary evil? The prerequisites for terminological analysis include the differences between a
term and a word, as well as a term and a metaphor. Husserl’s concept of noetic-noematic structures is
considered in terms of the difference between conceptual and terminological dimensions. The research
focuses on the functions of “sense” as an intermediary between natural language and philosophical
terminology. The prerequisites for the introduction of the terms “noesis” and “noema” are identified; in
the first case, this is the traditional scheme of hylomorphism, in the second, the postulate of the identity
of what is perceived during normal and abnormal perception. A comparison is made between Husserl’s
expression “sense does not burn” with M. Bulgakov’s aphorism “manuscripts do not burn.” Husserl’s
division of two types of consciousness (positional and neutral or shadow) reveals the incorrectness of
Husserl’s description of the difference between the foreground and background of perception. Husserl’s description of “neutralization” is subjected to critical analysis using the example of the perception of
Durer’s engraving. The final section of the article examines attempts to correlate the meaning of the
word “sense” with experience, compares the role of the terms “sense” and “concept,” and also analyzes
Husserl’s “generalization of the idea of meaning,” or expansion of the meaning of the term “sense.”
Finally, a distinction is made between a methodology of separation, which corresponds to the boundary-
setting function of terms, and a methodology of differentiation of differences, which implies the
differentiating function of terms.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: noesis

value: noema

value: experience

value: term

value: quotation marks

value: sense

value: perception

value: hallucination


dc.contributor.author

value: MAROSAN, BENCE PETER

dc.identifier.citation

value: MAROSAN B. P. HOW COULD HUSSERL’S THEORY OF THE BODILY SELF-CONSTITUTION OF THE EGO HELP BRIDGE THE EXPLANATORY GAP?. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 57–94.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The explanatory gap—the apparently ineliminable chasm between physical, bodily processes and states
on the one hand, and subjective, lived experience on the other—belongs among the greatest problems
of contemporary philosophy of mind and empirical research concerning consciousness. According
to some scholars—such as eliminativist philosophers like Paul and Patricia Churchland—it is a pseudo-
question. However, in our interpretation, an accurate phenomenological reflection on one’s own
consciousness convinces the attentive and careful philosopher that it is very much a real question—and
in fact a crucial one. The present paper endeavours to show how Husserl’s theory of the bodily self-constitution
of the ego could help us, not to close the explanatory gap in a reductionist manner, but rather
to bridge this gap by rendering apparent the necessary connection between the subjective, phenomenal
side of experience and its bodily basis. In this interpretation, Husserl’s conception of embodiment
could even provide a more rigorous and firmer theoretical foundation than any which currently undergirds
empirically related research regarding the origins of consciousness in the natural world. In
the first half of the study, I outline Todd Feinberg and Jon Mallatt’s attempt to bridge and, in a further
step, to eliminate the explanatory gap, in which they proceed from the external world to the interiority
of mind. The second part of the paper presents a phenomenological analysis that aims to demonstrate
that a Husserlian attempt would follow the opposite direction: from the inside proceeding outwards
towards the external, physical reality.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study was supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of
Sciences (project: BO/00143/23/2) and by the No. 138745 project of Hungarian Scientific Research
Fund.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: explanatory gap

value: embodiment

value: philosophy of mind

value: Edmund Husserl

value: self-constitution

value: transcendental and empirical ego

value: hard problem of consciousness