dc.contributor.author

value: Ambrozy, Marian M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ambrozy M. M. Comparison of bioethical views in the work of Peter Singer and in ethics of social consequences. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 452–464. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.401

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present paper compares the ethics of Peter Singer and the ethics of social consequences in
bioethics. As part of the discussion on the ethics of social consequences, attention is mainly
focused on the theory of its founder, Vasil Gluchman, and the works of his selected students.
First, the selected bioethical views of Peter Singer are analyzed, and his ethics of preference
utilitarianism are presented through the prism of his understanding of the person. In this
sense, Singer’s view on the issues of abortion and infanticide is presented. Furthermore, the
study deals with Singer’s views on the killing of animals and people regarding his criticism of
speciesism and his prioritization of the preference criterion. Attention is also paid to Singer’s
view on euthanasia. The study also presents the bioethical views of representatives of the ethics
of social consequences, namely non-utilitarian consequentialism. It focuses on the question
of to what extent genetics, according to Gluchman, determines morality and whether the
protection of life is an absolute value for the ethics of social consequences. The paper also analyzes
the abortion issue from the point of view of the ethics of social consequences. Selected
bioethical attitudes of the ethics of social consequences proponents are also presented to compare
the two concepts and determine the ontological fundaments on which Singer relies. Furthermore,
the paper discusses Singer’s concept of the person, claiming that the ethics of social
consequences argues for human dignity and positive social consequences for humans. Singer
does not work with the concept of human dignity. In the paper, preference utilitarianism is
not considered a hybrid ethical theory, unlike the ethics of social consequences. Preference
utilitarianism and ethics of social consequences accept abortion and euthanasia in particular
cases. The ethics of social consequences accepts them only if life contradicts human dignity,
and preferential utilitarianism if it aligns with the person’s preferences or if it is not a person. Gluchman admits the solutions above as altruistic help to the suffering person. However, the
ethics of social consequences does not consider the animal a person, nor does it condone infanticide,
as does preference utilitarianism.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper is a part of the research project IG-KSV-ET-01-2021/12 “Ethics in the context of its
implementation into society”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

value: preference

value: utilitarianism

value: ethics of social consequences

value: bioethics

value: person

value: humanity

value: protection of life

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kolesnikov, Anatoly S.

value: Alieva, Cholpon E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kolesnikov A. S., Alieva C. E. From comparative studies to hermeneutic cartography of world philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 473–486. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The radical change in the status of non-Western philosophical traditions was the trigger for
the development of the methodology for studying philosophy between cultures, the revision
of the nature of philosophy itself, which is a matter of metaphilosophy. Hermeneutic works appear
on the fundamental fabric of philosophical ideas — basic concepts, their relationship to
other ways of thinking, considering their potential and alternative productive lines. Thus, the
history of comparative philosophy, through its stages, is formed into a single scheme of complementary philosophical activity and a single comprehensive metaphilosophical project. It is
revealed through an “archival” approach (exploring single philosophical traditions in parallel),
“equivalent” (comparing the existing traditions in the context of analogies and contrasts), and
“problem solving” (using many traditions to provide philosophical solutions), and through a
comprehensive hermeneutic project of “cartographic” concepts and their possibilities. This
constitutes a theory of philosophy that draws on multiple perspectives of the interconnected
traditions of East and West, implicitly participating in mapping the underlying eidetic structure
on which philosophy does its work, and outlining conceptual possibilities around any
idea. There is a need to study the ability of philosophy to form a broader hermeneutic understanding
of the field of concept, giving rise to each philosophical problem, comprehended in
their strengths and weaknesses and in connection with alternative configurations — under
traditions, conditions, periods and cultures A view of global philosophy is formed, which
brings us back to the old idea that philosophy stays above pragmatic goals, it takes on the
eidetic fabric of ideas of the world — past, present, possible — as an object of a special kind of
hermeneutic understanding, including applied problems in a broader speculative frame, that
is, cleaned up through a comparison of radically different approaches. It is here, in philosophy
as a study of the “structure of ideas themselves”, that we will see a multicultural philosophy
proving its indispensability.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: comparative philosophy

value: intercultural project

value: metaphilosophy

value: philosophy of fusion

value: hermeneutic cartography

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Malinov, Alexey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malinov A. V. Eastern question in political and geographical teaching of V. I. Lamanskii. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 594– 611. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.413 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the views of the largest Russian Slavist Vladimir Ivanovich Lamansky
(1833–1914) on the Eastern Question. Both his published works and manuscripts are used as
sources. It is noted that Lamansky, on the base of the ideas of Slavophiles, formulated an original
civilizational and political-geographical doctrine, which was developed in the concept
of Eurasians. It is pointed out that the specific feature of Lamansky’s approach was a broad
philosophical-historical and global-historical view at the Eastern Question. He showed that
the significance of the Oriental Question was not limited to the rivalry with Turkey, liberation
of the Southern Slavs, capture of Constantinople, and control over the Straits. According to
Lamansky, the Eastern Question is an issue of civilizational rifts in Eastern Europe and Asia Minor that lead to the confrontation of two civilizational worlds: the Germanic-Romanic and
the Greco-Slavic or the Middle World. The main boundaries of Greco-Slavic civilisation coincide
with the borders of the Russian Empire, but the western boundary of this distinctive
world remains unstable. Its definition constitutes the main content of the Eastern Question.
The political configuration of the Greco-Slavic civilisation corresponds best to the idea of a
unified Christian Empire, allowing for different forms of government on different territories.
However, the Russian state, as the largest representative of the Middle World, realized a different
type of empire - a Europeanizing state, which does not correspond to its global-historical
task. The Eastern Question, therefore, was aquestion issue of mutual relations between the
Germanic-Romanic and the Middle Worlds. Lamansky argued that its solution could not be
purely military. A favourable resolution of the Eastern Question for the Middle World would
be a consequence of its successful internal development.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 21-18-00153 (St Petersburg
State University).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Eastern question

value: Slavophilism

value: empire

value: Lamansky

value: civilization

value: political geography

value: the border


dc.contributor.author

value: Naumov, Aleksandr O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Naumov А. O. Moscow’s Position on the Remilitarization of the Rhineland. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1199–1211. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.410 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the problem of the remilitarization of the Rhineland by Nazi Germany
in March 1936 through the prism of the perception of this event in the Soviet military and
political-diplomatic circles. Special attention is paid to the analysis of archival materials introduced
into scholarly circulation for the first time, allowing a new look at the position of
the USSR during the development of crisis trends in the Versailles system of international
relations. The author comes to the conclusion that the Rhineland crisis played a crucial role
in changing the balance of power in Europe, dramatically strengthening the position of Nazi
Germany and weakening the position of France. Great Britain, after the remilitarization of
the Rhineland, embarked on the path of appeasing the aggressors. In fact, this event was the
starting point of the crisis of the interwar order, which eventually led to the outbreak of World
War II. Surrendering one position after another and making concessions to Hitler’s Germany,
Great Britain and France were unable to achieve their main goal — to prevent a new world
war, only strengthening the confidence of European dictators in the expediency of achieving
their goals by force. In these difficult conditions, as archival documents show, there was a clear
understanding in Moscow how dangerous the development of destructive events in European
politics was. When forming its own foreign policy line, the Kremlin objectively assessed both
the true intentions of the Hitler regime and the essence of the foreign policy maneuvers of
Western democracies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been supported by the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow
University “Preservation of the World Cultural and Historical Heritage”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

value: remilitarization of the Rhineland

value: Treaty of Versailles

value: Locarno Agreements

value: Soviet foreign policy

value: Franco-Soviet Pact

value: policy of appeasement

value: Nazism

value: League of Nations

value: World War II

dc.type

value: Article


title: USA — China: Strategic balance

dc.contributor.author

value: Batyuk, Vladimir I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Batyuk V. I. USA — China: Strategic balance. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 390–404. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines the current state of the US-China strategic balance — both military and
economic aspects of the latter. This balance, however, is not changing in favor of the United
States. Currently, China is the largest economy in the world, and economic ties with China are
too important for US partners and allies to break off trade and economic ties with China to
please Washington. More importantly, the rapid growth of China’s military-technical potential
in recent years has led to radical changes in the balance of power in the western Pacific.
Washington has lost its former absolute military superiority in the coastal areas of the PRC,
and in the event of a large-scale armed US-Chinese conflict in the Taiwan area or in the South
China Sea, American losses will be enormous, and the United States will not be able to achieve
a decisive victory during this conflict. Under these conditions, the American ruling elite is
united in the fact that without a system of anti-Chinese alliances, which should unite both
the countries of the Indo-Pacific region and countries outside the ITR, China’s containment
is impossible. The Biden administration continued Trump’s policy of building a “sanitary cordon”
around China with the involvement of extra-regional actors in this construction. We are
talking about the creation of a military-political alliance AUKUS, which includes Australia,
the United Kingdom and the United States. The purpose of this alliance is to counter China in
the disputed areas of the South China Sea. It is concluded that the formation of such a system
of alliances is difficult to achieve — and it’s not just that the partners and allies of the United
States are too interested in maintaining trade and economic ties with China to participate
in the creation of an anti-Chinese “sanitary cordon”. China’s strategic isolation is impossible
if Russia cannot be brought into the anti-Chinese system of alliances. At present, however,
China has a solid rear in the form of a growing Russian-Chinese partnership and cooperation.
The actions of the United States and its allies, which Moscow and Beijing view as threatening
and provocative (NATO expansion to the East; American block-building in the ITR) could
not but lead to a serious revision by the Russian and Chinese leadership of military cooperation
between the two powers.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: strategic balance

value: strategic nuclear forces

value: Belt and Road concept

value: deterrence strategy

value: Russian-Chinese partnership

dc.title

value: USA — China: Strategic balance


dc.contributor.author

value: Lepekhov, Sergey Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lepekhov S. Yu. The correlation of the concepts of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra in Nāgārjuna’s “Bodhicittavivarana”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 631–649. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.416 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Nāgārjuna — the founder of Mahayana school Madhyamaka — is also a well-known logician,
polemist and the author of several famous treatises, such as “Bodhicittavivarana” (“Commentary
on Bodhicitta”). This commentary is one of the most cited in Indian philosophical
literature, and, notwithstanding it’s dubious origin, belongs to the authorship of Nāgārjuna.
The main feature of this text is the description of the concepts of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra,
which elaborate each other and not differs. The basic concept of Madhyamaka — “çūnyatā”
(“the emptiness”) is expanded through the other important category “bodhicitta” (“the attainment
of Enlightenment”). The differences between the phenomenal truth (“samvrtti”) and the
ignorance (“avidyā”), Nāgārjuna’s analysis of Sarvastivāda and Yogācāra as the schools, representing
only the phenomenal truth and Yogācāra’s argumentation, substantiating the existence
of the “only-consciousness” are analyzed on the base of “Bodhicittavivarana”. Nāgārjuna’s
argument is considered, based on the impossibility of implication between permanent and
non-permanent objects. It is shown that the “three natures” of Yogācāra, as Nāgārjuna proves,
cannot be graded, as they have one nature — the nature of çūnyatā. This text using the methodology
of Madhyamaka is an example of the most follow-up un-contradictory unification
of the concepts of various Buddhist schools (as well as Yogācāra). The author’s translation of
“Bodhicittavivarana” from Sanskrit and Tibetan is given in attachment.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out within the state assignment of FASO Russia (project
no. AAAAA-A17-117021310267-5); (project no. 0179-2014-0022 “Patterns of historical development of
the peoples of the East from ancient times to the middle of the 20th century”) “Written traditions of the
peoples of the Baikal region in the context of the historical and cultural heritage of Russia and Inner Asia”
no. 121031000263-3.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: buddhism

value: sarvastivāda

value: madhyamaka

value: yogācāra

value: bodhicitta

value: Nāgārjuna

value: Bodhicittavivarana


dc.contributor.author

value: Plath, Tilman

dc.identifier.citation

value: Plat T. Wilhelm Friebe and Mikhail Chulkov on Russian Mercantilism. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1065–1077. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
On the basis of two treatises on the history of trade, the article considers the economic views
of two scientists from different circles — German- and Russian-speaking scientific communities
in St Petersburg during the Enlightenment. It shows that although Chulkov and Friebe had no contact with each other, they held fairly similar views on the European concept of
mercantilism. Both considered themselves to be great patriots of the Russian empire. As far as
a detailed understanding of the term wealth, Chulkov was more inclined towards an almost
religious framework, while Friebe clearly revolved around exclusively monetary issues. Both
supported the independence of the local industry. According to the doctrine of mercantilism,
both advocated trade, but Chulkov focused on domestic trade, while Friebe — on foreign
trade. With regard to the impact of trade on the social dimension of society, Chulkov certainly
backed the interests of Russian merchants, while for Friebe ethnicity was crucial. He depicted
Baltic Germans performing especially brilliantly in trade in contrast to Jews portrayed in the
darkest antisemitic manner. Accordingly, Chulkov considered the new Baltic provinces foreign,
but Friebe, who himself lived there, regarded this territory as the key to modernization
of Russia. In general, this article is an example of how the Russian science developed its own
character against the background of the European phenomenon of enlightenment, with a special
focus on economic thinking in late mercantilism.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

value: history of trade

value: economic thinking

value: Enlightenment

value: history of science in the 18th century

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanova, Elena N.

value: Petrova, Nadezhda V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanova E. N., Petrova N. V. Theoretical basics of mediative-negotiation technologies of conflict resolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 581–593. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.412 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The actual issues of theoretical conceptualization of mediation and negotiation implementation
experience in our country and abroad are discussed in the article. The authors note the
controversial character both of the issue of necessary developing theoretical basis for these alternative
methods of conflict and significance of theory for resolution of the problems related
to their essence and specialists’ efforts integration in this sphere. They analyze the sources
of disagreements on many issues in the sphere of different school mediators’ activities. They
reveal the principal similarities and key differences between negotiation and mediation technologies,
and their peculiarities. They also propose to use the complex notion of “mediativenegotiation
technologies”. The authors reveal the essence of this notion and its understanding based on objectivity, valuelessness and mutual profitability of these technologies for conflicting
parties. The article studies technological constituents uniting accomplishments of original
components. These are such instruments as single informational field creation, differentiation
of emotional and cognitive aspects, dividing people and problems, transition from positional
bargaining to interest-based collaboration and others. The authors show advantages
of integrative technologies compared with separate using of their components - negotiation
between parties and negotiating with neutral mediator’s assistance. The article discovers the
role of mediative-negotiation technologies and the sphere of their implementation including
possibility of mediation practice wider spreading. The authors develop the concept of “builtin
mediator” based on integrative technologies. They emphasize conflictology’s interdisciplinary
character from which the necessity to use theoretical resources from different scopes
of knowledge follows. The authors propose the number of criteria for theories’ classification
based on these technologies and reveal the roles of different types of theories in mediators’
community problems resolving. The authors note the benefits of integrative mediation model
as the essence of professional standard to be used in the process of specialists’ preparation in
different spheres of conflict management. They provide examples of positive experience of
this theoretical approach implementation and reveal its potential for mediative-negotiation
technologies development and spreading.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: mediative-negotiation technologies

value: theory

value: experience conceptualization

value: integration

value: potential


dc.contributor.author

value: Chistyakova, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chistyakova O. V. Eastern patristics on duality of the human being and deification of the mankind. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 650–661. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.417 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Religious and anthropological issues of the Eastern Patristics legacy are under consideration
in the article. The conceptual justification of the human being by Greek-Byzantine Church Fathers
is submitted, paying attention to antinomianism in understanding the Man essence. The
human duality is analyzed in tight with the diversity of historical theologian approaches to
clarifying the New Testament thesis on the creation of Man in the image and likeness of God.
In this context, a doctrine of Irenaeus, a Church Father of the ante-Nicene period of Christianity,
some ideas of a non-canonical Early Christian manuscript, The Shepherd by Hermes of
Philippopolis, and teaching on Man by Gregory of Nyssa as one of the profound representatives
of the Patristics’ classical period are presented. The author examines a notion of deification
with specific stress on its religious and philosophical meanings. Deification is studied
both as the theoretical foundation for the Eastern Christian anthropological tradition forming
over the Middle Ages and as the religious gnosis, purifying, perfecting, and transfiguring of a
human being on their God knowing ascending path. Deification is deduced as a peculiar style
of life that aims at the eschatological and soteriological prospects of human existence, which
are correlated with the highest religious morality and eternal desire to reach the cherished
spiritual state of God and Man union. In this regard, the doctrine of a follower of allegorical
theology, Maximus the Confessor on the Logoi, or God’s energies, is very significant as well as
his interpretation of the notion of deification. According to St. Maximus, the comprehension
of Logoi by the human being supports the unification of the mundane world with the Creator
(the omnipotent Logos). It means the deification of the entire humanity. The article is based on
the texts of Church Fathers, which are the sacred primary sources of Christianity.

dc.subject

value: Greek-Byzantine Church Fathers

value: deification

value: Christian anthropology

value: philosophy of Byzantium


dc.contributor.author

value: Romanova, Tatiana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Romanova T. A. ‘Move the gateposts during the Game’: When Russia and the EU deorder both their relationship and the liberal world order. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 349–366. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.401

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article looks at EU-Russian relations and their current crisis through the prism of the liberal
world order (LWO) and its contestation. Since the late 1990s Russia has gradually moved
from neorevisionist to revisionist challenge of the LWO, undermining in its relations with the
EU such components of this order as political values and security. The EU previously positioned
itself as a staunch defender of the LWO; Brussels tried both to enforce elements of the
LWO and to accommodate Russia’s concerns so that EU-Russian relations were embedded in
the LWO. However, 24 February 2022 became a watershed moment. Moscow’s challenge to
the security and values’ components of the LWO became too big for the EU to manage. The
EU’s 2022 sanctions heralded a move from the efforts to integrate Russia by all means to the
LWO to the efforts to isolate Russia by all means and to deny Russia access to any components
of the LWO. In particular, the EU challenges cooperation through international institutions,
political values, economic interdependence and transnational links. This EU change undermines
the very LWO that the EU tries to defend and that guarantees the EU a privileged position.
Moreover, prospects of long-term settlement in the European continent and of engagement
with Russia are severely compromised.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: EU-Russia relations

value: liberal world order

value: Ukraine

value: sanctions

value: normative power Europe

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Arutiunian, Karine S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Arutiunian K. S. The role of management consciousness in the social and information environment in the situation global instability. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 572–580. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.411 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article provides the socio-philosophical analysis of the managerial consciousness as a
tool in overcoming crisis trends in the social and information environment (at the example of
two spheres). In the contemporary world, there is a contradiction between consciousness and
matter, spirit and body. These contradictions exacerbate the problems of interaction between
the society and the environment. The main environmental difficulties are due to the nature of
the modern material production, the lifestyle and the value orientation of the individual. Also,
information resources are actively being introduced into the life of a contemporary person.
In addition, the emergence of the information space contributes to the formation of a global
information environment, the formation of an “information society,” the basis of which becomes
the generation, processing, transmission, and updating information. The humanity has
come to the point where modern civilization, called global, technogenic and consumer, has
discovered its crisis, instability caused by the growth of environmental problems, information
risks. The purpose of the article is use the methodology of socio-philosophical analysis for
identifying problems and demonstrating the role of managerial consciousness in the socionatural
and information environment. The research significance of the work is aimed at introducing
the scientific categories of “ecological and managerial consciousness” and “consciousness
management in the information space” into social philosophy. The practical component
is the definition of the role of managerial consciousness in social spheres (environmental and
information) in order to form value orientations and relationships that will allow harmoniously
developing the system of society-person relations. This research is the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of social philosophy, ecology, management
for further introduction into the practice of social management.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: management consciousness

value: environmental management

value: information management

value: globalization

value: environmental management consciousness

value: information security

value: information consciousness

value: information space

value: environmental crisis


dc.contributor.author

value: Dudin, Pavel N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dudin P. N. Who and How is Studying the Russian Presence on the South Manchurian Railway. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1329–1349. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.416 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Based on the works by English-speaking authors on the South Manchurian Railway published
after 2000, the author explores the phenomenon of the Russian/Soviet presence in Manchuria
and in East Asia. The object of study was under the jurisdiction of Russia for a short time,
but remained a kind of barometer of the pre- and post-war regional order. This is due to the
significant strengthening of Japan and the Japanese presence, so the “before — after” scheme
is present in the reviewed studies, and the change in the disposition of the powers is one of
the main narrative plots. A similar “before — after” scheme in a number of works reflects
the transformation of the positions of individual Western scholars under the influence of the
so-called “memory wars” against the background of changes in the system of international
relations over the past 7–8 years. The works in question concentrate on those spheres of public
life that were affected by the railway irrespective of its subordination. The conclusions of the
article reveal that this topic is under-researched; that foreign scholars make little use of the
Russian resources and the potential of Russian researchers; that some opportunistic studies
seek to present Russia as an aggressor and an expansionist, and the imperial policy — as a
failure and disaster for the region.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the support of the Russian Scientific Foundation grant No. 22-28-
01087 “The Russian world of Inner Asia in the 21st century: the politics of memory and the symbolic legacy
of political presence”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

value: Russian presence

value: Soviet presence

value: Russian Empire

value: USSR

value: Japan

value: China

value: Manchuria

value: South Manchurian Railway

value: Dairen

value: Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905


dc.contributor.author

value: Timofeev, Ivan N.

value: Sokolshchik, Yulia S.

value: Morozov, Vladimir A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Timofeev I. N., Sokolshchik Yu. S., Morozov V. A. Sanctions against Iran: Lessons for Russia in the new international context. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 405–420. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The escalation of sanctions pressure and the expansion of the range of sanctions used against
Russia provides for understanding the importance of studying international experience in
countering restrictive measures. The article discusses the features of the application of sanctions
against Iran, their impact on the economy of the state, as well as the mechanisms and
ways of its adaptation to the restrictive measures of Western countries. The authors identify
typological similarities, in view of which the study of the Iranian experience is significant for
Russia, and differences that deserve attention in terms of understanding Russia’s capabilities in
this area. Iran has been under sanctions for several decades, large-scale and numerous restrictions
have been applied against it. The nuclear deal contributed to eased sanctions pressure
for a short period only, proving that such agreements on concessions by the target country in
response to the lifting of restrictions by the initiating states are not always sustainable. As a
result of the analysis, the main stages of imposing sanctions against Iran are defined. The authors
highlight the trend towards sanctions against the energy and financial sector and its constant
tightening, as well as the increasing number of participants in the coalition of initiating countries and the UN Security Council resolution on measures against Iran. The UN Security
Council sanctions are viewed as serious measures in terms of foreign policy implications. In
addition, the authors reveal the key elements of Iran’s policy in the field of countering restrictive
measures and adapting the economy to them. Measures related to structural changes
in the economy, optimization of the social sphere, use of imperfection of sanctions regimes,
diversification of international partners are indicated as such components. Thus, Iran’s experience
in adapting to sanctions can rather be characterized as successful and relevant for Russia,
despite the different starting positions.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 4

value: sanctions

value: Iran

value: UN Security Council

value: countermeasures

value: Russia

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Baryshnikov, Vladimir N.

value: Borisenko, Victor N.

value: Plenkov, Oleg Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baryshnikov V. N., Borisenko V. N., Plenkov O. Yu. The Student Riots in Germany and their Aftermath. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1212–1230. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.411

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with the peculiarities of the student protests of 1968 in Germany and their
political and social consequences. Among the many protests in the West that year, they had
particularly far-reaching consequences for German society. These consequences were related
to the heavy legacy of the Nazis, who committed grave crimes against humanity during World
War II. It is for this reason that the article places a special emphasis on overcoming the Nazi
past, which played an extremely important role in the emergence and spread of youth protests
in the FRG. Placing the German protests in the context of a generally rather homogeneous and
synchronous protest movement in all Western countries against the old values of bourgeois
society and its morals poses difficulty — it is no accident that one of the symbols of youth
protest was John Lennon’s single “Yesterday”. The past (“yesterday”) indeed came suddenly
into the spotlight and was subjected to unrelenting criticism. But the changes in the political
culture of society and its mentality were very significant. The mutation toward the triumph of
leftist-liberal discourse in the West German public consciousness was so complete and total
that it is possible to state, as German satirists joke, that the situation was similar to the way
public opinion was controlled in the GDR. As a result, it can be rightly asserted that 1968 in
the FRG was perhaps the most important reason for the triumph of left-liberal political discourse
in Germany.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: revolution of 1968

value: new left

value: anti-war movement

value: extra-parliamentary opposition

value: overcoming the Nazi past

value: student movement in Germany

value: Frankfurt School of Sociology

value: youth subculture in Germany


dc.contributor.author

value: Bolgov, Radomir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bolgov R. V. Twitter discourse of diplomatic missions to the UN on the conflict in Donbas (2015–2021). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 421–435. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reflects the results of a study of public political discourse about the conflict in the
Donbass, formed by Twitter institutional actors (permanent missions to the UN) and political
figures (representatives, their deputies, etc.) of countries — permanent members of the
UN Security Council. Chronological scope of the study: from January 2015 (escalation of the
armed conflict in the Donbass, starting with the shelling of the stop near Volnovakha and
the aggravation of the fighting for the Donetsk airport) to the present (2021). By analyzing
the messages in Twitter, some trends in the development of discourse have been revealed. We prove the hypothesis about the existence of two divergent variants of discourse, which in
different ways characterize the participants in the conflict in the South-East of Ukraine. To
confirm the hypothesis, we use a technique for analyzing political discourse, which includes
two levels of analysis: the identification of key conceptual metaphors in both discourse options
(positively or negatively characterizing the parties of the conflict) and the identification of the
semantic opposition “we — they” realized within the metaphors. We identify the metaphorical
images of the conflict parties as a whole and the concepts used, and then the conceptual
metaphors they create. We conclude that in both variants of discourse, most conceptual metaphors
are based on negative concepts that designate the opposite side of the conflict, and that
the discussion is characterized by increased emotional tension.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: political discourse

value: discourse analysis

value: political metaphors

value: Twitter

value: social media

value: armed conflict

value: UN

value: Donbass


dc.contributor.author

value: Qin, Lizhi

dc.identifier.citation

value: Qin Lizhi. The geopolitical origins of Russian strategic culture and its enlightenment in China. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 367– 389. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.402

dc.description.abstract

value:
The main challenge for Russia in the post-Cold War era is that the geographical space available
for strategic autonomy has been greatly compressed. Due to the checks and balances of Western
powers, the security panic of neighboring countries, and the decline of its own strength
after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, it is difficult to maintain the Strategic control
model. Russia is torn between imperial historical traditions and nation-state strategic narratives.
Will Russia return to the imperial age? The investigation of the geopolitical mechanism
of Russian strategic culture is helpful to study and judge its regular behavior pattern. Continental
identity, flanking position, and terrestrial claim tradition are three variables which have
shaped Russia’s strategic culture. At the same time, the pursuit of sea power, the yearning for
modernization in the heartland, and the wise shrinking of tough external forces have verified
the logic that Russia’s strategic culture will be adjust dynamically with the change of relative
power status and strategic environment. Russian strategic culture shapes strategic motivation
dominated by fear and exerts indirect and nonlinear influence on strategic behavior including
strategic intention. Risk aversion/risk-taking, the two decision-making preferences for dealing
with geopolitical risks, are caused by differences in the degree of fear of power status and
the external environment. Through the historical practice of Russian strategic culture investigation,
the author believes that: if the current and future development trends show a negative
expected trend, then Russia will make necessary revisions to the existing historical experience
to suit the current strategic situation. The process-tracking study of Russian imperial history
since Peter the Great also verifies the theoretical inferences of this study from case studies.
The study of Russian strategic culture will help to promote the deepening and expansion of
cooperation between China and Russia. Although the cooperation between the two countries
started from the geopolitical pressure of the global strategic offensive of the United States, the
beneficial dialogue and communication at the strategic and cultural level can transcend the
historical normalcy of the cooperation between the two countries forced by the external geopolitical
threats and shape the strategic stability of China and Russia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper is supported by the General project of the National Social Science Foundation of 2021:
“A Study on the Anti-containment Strategy of Emerging Countries in the Context of Bipolar Competition”
(project no. 21BGJ068).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: geopolitics

value: strategic culture

value: sea power

value: land power

value: Russia

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Stepanov, Valerii L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Stepanov V. L. The Issues of Alcohol Production and Abuse in Russia in Mikhail Katkov’s Publications. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1101–1117. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of views on the issues of alcohol production
and abuse by the largest ideologue of Russian conservatism M. N. Katkov — editor-publisher
of the newspaper “Moskovskie Vedomosti” and the magazine “Russkii Vestnik”. It analyses the
speeches of the famous publicist and his associates on the pages of these publications aimed at
alterations in the excise system, in force since 1863, in order to limit the excessive consumption
of strong alcoholic beverages and overcome its severe social consequences. The reasons
that prompted the famous publicist in the early 1880s to launch a campaign for the introduction
of a wine monopoly are explained: the decline of the popularity of the liberal economic
doctrine in the West as a result of the world economic crisis of 1873–1878; the rise of the
movement in European countries for the transfer of the drinking trade to the treasury under
the influence of stagnation in agriculture; the expansion of state intervention in economic life
in Russia. The article points out the arguments given by Katkov in favor of a monopoly, which,
in his opinion, had to allow regulating the distillery industry, ending rampant drunkenness,
eradicating drunkenness and corruption in the beverage business. It is particularly noted that
Katkov considered this reform one of the main points of his program for creating a “national”
economy in Russia, protected from the West by high customs barriers and assuming multilateral
participation of the state in the development of the national economy, and these attitudes
largely corresponded to the protectionist course of the government in the reign of the penultimate
Russian tsar, Alexander III.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-28-01267 “Commercial
capital or the state one? Public debate about the path of Russia’s economic development (second half of the
1870s to first half of the 1890s)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: drinking issue

value: excise system

value: wine monopoly

value: public thought

value: journalism


title: Old Norse Rite Blótweitzla

dc.contributor.author

value: Khlevov, Alexander A.

value: Goubanov, Ilya B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khlevov A. A., Goubanov I. B. Old Norse Rite Blótweitzla. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1296–1312. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.414 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
A serious problem in the study of the cultural characteristics of archaic Scandinavia is the verification
of the sources. The main questions that arise: to which extent pagan ritual practices
continued to exist after the beginning of mass Christianization, and what Christian ideas were
extrapolated by later sources to the pre-Christian era. One of the major rituals mentioned in
the sources — the feast of sacrificial blood, which was a crucial element of the structures of
everyday life in pagan society, seems to be very important. A sufficiently detailed description
of the ritual in the sources allows us to draw a number of conclusions about its role in the life
of the ancient Scandinavians. The correspondence between the songs of the “Elder Edda” and
the ancestral and royal sagas in the designation of objects of worship and their functions, as
well as the preservation, even after the baptism of Iceland, of the traditional formula of the
legal oath, which was originally given on the sacred ring of the godi, and after 1000 — on The
Bibles, and the ancient formula of the agrarian cult (“for a harvest year and peace”) in a similar
ritual of drinking beer in Norway at Christmas, according to Gulathing, with a high degree
of probability confirms the historicity of ancient Icelandic information about a pre-Christian
temple and a feast of sacrificial blood — blotweizl. In a broader context, it provides additional
confirmation of the historicism of Icelandic sources and their extraordinary value for the process
of reconstruction of the way of life in archaic Scandinavia.

value: religion of archaic Scandinavia

value: Scandinavian mythology

value: blótweitzla

value: ritual

value: oath

value: pre-Christian period

dc.title

value: Old Norse Rite Blótweitzla


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernova, Elena G.

value: Razmanova, Svetlana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernova, E. G. and Razmanova, S. V. (2022) ‘European gas market: Finding a balance between supply and demand sides in the context of the energy crisisʼ, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 38 (4), pp. 497–514. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Currently, the demand for the supply of liquefied (LNG) and compressed (CNG) gas to the
EU regional market significantly exceeds its supply. For the past five years, the gas market in
Europe has been exclusively a buyer’s market, аble to dictate the main demand constraints in
this market. However, since the autumn of 2021, the trend has changed in favor of suppliers,
i. e. the supply side. The trend change occurred due to a number of reasons that led to the fact
that world energy prices rose rapidly, reaching such a high level that entire industries, private
entrepreneurs and ordinary consumers became insolvent in a short time. The article examines
the main suppliers of natural gas to the EU countries, analyzes the dynamics of renewable
and non-renewable sources in the production of electricity in the Europe. The possible delivery
volumes of major natural gas suppliers, including the supply of compressed and liquefied
gas, are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify the key causes of the current energy
crisis in the European gas market. The research consists in assessing the factors shaping the
supply-demand ratio in the regional European gas market in the medium term, as well as in
answering the question: will Russian gas really not find its buyer in other regional markets? Conclusions are drawn that the current situation of natural gas supplies from Russia to European
countries should be considered from the standpoint of the existing long-term cooperation
between Gazprom PJSC and European companies. Otherwise, the European economy
will feel the negative impact caused by the shortage of supply оn the gas market.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: compressed natural gas

value: liquefied natural gas

value: energy policy

value: energy crisis

value: European Union

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Maiorov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maiorov A. V. Rus’ Lands in the Fiscal Policy of Möngke Khan. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1033–1046. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The imperial project of the Mongols was based not only on conquering technologies, the most
effective for their time, but also on new technologies for mobilizing, centralizing and managing
the resources necessary for further conquests. The most important tool for mobilizing
resources, both human and material, was the population census, which had a general imperial
character and covered a significant part of the inhabited world — from China to the Rus’ principalities.
Each newly conquered people or state, recognizing the power of the great khan, had
to put at his disposal all the resources of their country, which was the main condition for the
implementation of the imperial project of the Mongols, which had the goal of conquering the
whole world and creating a global empire. Throughout the territory controlled by the Mongols,
a unified tax and financial system was established, centralization and monetization of
tax revenues were carried out, a centralized system was created for using labor resources and
replenishing the armed forces through regular recruitment sets. By providing a higher level
of integration and interaction between many peoples and creating a new multicultural imperial
elite, the Mongols promoted an intensive exchange of knowledge and new technologies,
including managerial ones, assimilating and developing them in the interests of the empire.
As a result, accounting and resource mobilization tools borrowed from China found a new
application at the other end of the empire — in the Caucasus and in the Rus’ lands.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-18-00166.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Mongol Empire

value: Möngke Khan

value: population census

value: resource mobilization


dc.contributor.author

value: Milenković, Dejan

value: Milenković, Vesna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Milenković D., Milenković V. Historical Development of Football through Media Reporting in Serbia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1231– 1252. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.412

dc.description.abstract

value:
As the most important of the least important things in the world, football captures the attention
of millions of people who receive information through the media every day. The role of
the media in professional football is important not only because of the financial aspects of the
sport but also because of the powerful position of broadcasters. Football, as one of the most
popular sports in the world, also occupies a significant place in media reporting in Serbia. Regardless
of the results that Serbian football players have achieved, both at the club and national
team levels, football has always been reported on the front pages of the press with the largest
number of articles and photographs, that is in the breaking news of the electronic media, and
most media space is dedicated to the broadcast of football matches. Fans analyze important
club and national football matches every day. Great victories are celebrated and great defeats
are mourned. Given the role football plays, this paper will present the historical development
of football in media coverage of this sport in Serbia since its emergence on the Serbian sports
scene at the end of the 19th century until the last decade of the 20th century, and also briefly
outlines the connection between media and football in general. The paper will focus on the
influence of print and electronic media in the periods when the media were most influential.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: football

value: media

value: Serbia

value: sport

value: media reporting


dc.contributor.author

value: Shchedrina, Irina O.

value: Zhuravel, Evgeny P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shchedrina I. O., Zhuravel E. P. What kind of expert is valuable for science? (On the issue of typological characteristics of expert knowledge). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 562–571. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.410 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of an epistemological study of expertise, taking into account the
typologies of this cognitive and social phenomenon that exist today in the world and domestic
philosophical and methodological community. The authors reveal its typological characteristics,
relying on the phenomenological approach to social and humanitarian subject formations.
This approach shows that expertise always involves two levels of assessment: fundamental and
applied. At the applied level, the expert solves a very specific problem, in accordance with the
goals of the customer, at the fundamental (coexisting with the applied) level, he tries to integrate
the result into the expanding knowledge about the world and humanity. Any expertise is
subject to an external, social, in its essence, request, and the emphasis on applied knowledge is focused on the implementation of this request in an expert opinion, i. e. fixes the boundaries of
the request implementation. As an alternative to this approach, there is an appeal in the course
of an expert assessment to the fundamental cognitive attitudes that are present in its basis (orienting
the expert analysis to the expansion of the study). Such appeals, among other things,
increase the degree of objectivity of expert assessments due to their fundamental intentionality
and intersubjective verifiability. And the reflexive hermeneutic competence of an expert helps
to overcome cognitive gaps that arise in the process of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary
research. The phenomenological approach allows us to consider expertise as a cultural and
historical phenomenon, and the expert not just as an element of the scientific system, but as a
well-educated professional who recognizes himself as a part of history and culture.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the project supported by the Russian Science Foundation
no. 22-28-01632 “Expert examination as an epistemological phenomenon in the context of distinction
between fundamental and applied guidelines in science”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: expertise

value: expert practices

value: fundamental

value: applied

value: cultural-historical epistemology

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Błocian, Ilona

dc.identifier.citation

value: Błocian I. Evolving images of intimacy and sexuality. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 622–630. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.415

dc.description.abstract

value:
Images of intimacy and human sexuality have evolved in our culture. They have long been
recognized for their great importance to the individual, community and culture. They were
recognized better by studying their images, practices and symbols in other cultures, as well
as changes in European culture itself and social change processes. The concepts of the turn
of the century and the 20th century discovery of the meaning of these spheres of human life
(Freud, Foucault) were also of considerable importance. Images have evolved, knowledge and
tolerance seemed to increase (Giddens), but their changes have not ceased to occur and this is
assessed in a variety of ways today; there is no definitive assessment. They strongly penetrate
the iconosphere of our culture, but they did not automatically caused growth of the consciousness
of the importance of fusing them with the differing emotional sphere; it seems, therefore,
in some theoretical approaches that it is the thing that lacks most in contemporary imagery.
This article analyzes the development of image of intimacy and sexuality in European culture
from Freud to the present day. The transformation of the perception of these images is justified
by the trends of social development associated with the development of new communication
channels; the cosmetic medicine industry based on the self-perception of a person in society.
And all this is happening under the pressure of the digital society on the sphere of communications,
which massively broadcasts stereotypes through new media that form both individual
and collective culture.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: intimacy

value: sexuality

value: emotions

value: image

value: iconosphere

value: philosophical conceptions of man

value: psychological conceptions of man

value: psychoanalysis

value: Freud

value: Foucault

value: Giddens


dc.contributor.author

value: Pitulko, Vladimir V.

value: Pavlova, Elena Y.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pitulko V. V., Pavlova E. Y. Geoarchaeology, Age and Chronology of the Zhokhov Site. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1253–1295. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.413

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Zhokhov site, investigated in 1989–1990 and 2000–2005, is located at 76° N in a remote
part of the East Siberian Arctic. Excavations yielded tens of thousands of artifacts and faunal
remains including the oldest anthropological remains known in the high arctic regions up to
date. The culture-bearing deposits appear to represent the backfill of ice wedge casts formed
after the site was abandoned when the island area became isolated due to the development of
the post-glacial marine transgression. A large sample of radiocarbon ages obtained on various
materials (n = 102) provides a chronology for the site, which was occupied 8300–7800 14С
years ago. There were multiple occupation episodes, but it is not possible to estimate their
duration with precision (within less than 50–100 years). The most intense human activity
occurred within the interval 8050–7900 radiocarbon years BP, or ca. 9000 calBP but overall
human occupation of the site spans roughly 2000 years. This is the oldest known archaeological
site in the high-latitude Arctic. The identification and analysis of habitation episodes at the
Zhokhov site has important implications for the study of Palaeolithic sites. The radiocarbon
chronology indicates that repeated / cyclic human habitation at the same place is possible for
up to 2000 years and possibly longer. Repeated or cyclic human occupation in the Zhokhov
island area was possible due to locally available food and material resources. Thus, the radiocarbon
dates provide more than chronomentric or chronological data; they are a source of
information source about human ecology and its role in the evolution of culture.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Investigations of the Zhokhov site that yielded the results discussed here were conducted during the Zhokhov-
2000 research project in 2000–2005 with the support of a private research foundation, the Rock Foundation
of New York, NY, USA Currently, our research is developing under support of the Russian Science Foundation,
project No. 16-18-10265P and No. 21-18-00457.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

value: Zhokhov site

value: arctic Stone Age

value: geoarchaeology

value: site formation

value: radioacarbon dating

value: chronometry

value: chronology

value: habitation episodes

value: human behavior

value: cultural complexity

value: subsistence patterns


dc.contributor.author

value: Salonikov, Nikolay V.

value: Sutorius, Konstantin V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Salonikov N. V., Sutorius K. V. Episcopal Schools of Novgorod Diocese under Feofan Prokopovich. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1047–1064. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper is devoted to two schools under the jurisdiction of Feofan Prokopovich, Archbishop
of Novgorod in 1725–1736: a school in Novgorod founded in 1706, and a school in Saint
Petersburg in the compound of archbishop on the Karpovka River, founded in 1721. The set of
sources which represent the history of these schools needs to be updated. The scholarship still
has referred to the perception formed in the 19th century. The paper introduces new sources,
which reveal that the school in Novgorod did not cease to exist when Prokopovich became
Archbishop of Novgorod. There is evidence to suggest that the school functioned in 1729 and
perhaps in 1730. It underwent downsizing was resumed its activities in 1732. At the same
time, the school on the Karpovka River did not undergo such considerable changes. “Spritual
Regulation” (1721) did not affect the curriculum of the school in Novgorod, which included
only the study of languages in the 1730s (Church Slavonic, Greek and Latin), although Prokopovich
was the author of this document. The curriculum of the Karpovka seminary followed
the guidelines of “Spritual Regulation” only partly. Here, besides languages (Church Slavonic
and Latin), Music and Arts were significant subjects. Even those who didn’t study Latin studied
these subjects. The choir of the archbishop was comprised of students, and while Prokopovich
lived in Moscow (1729–1731), he took his students with him. The study of Arts enabled
the alumni to pursue artistic careers. Both Novgorod schools can be compared to the school
in Alexander-Nevsky monastery and the gymnasium of the Academy as schools providing
liberal education.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication was prepared within the framework of the Academic Fund Program at the National
Research University — Higher School of Economics (HSE University) in 2020–2021.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: history of education

value: Feofan Prokopovich

value: the school of Novgorod archbishop

value: the seminary on the Karpovka

value: Spiritual Regulation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsypkin, Denis O.

value: Simonova, Ekaterina S.

value: Shibaev, Mikhail A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsypkin D. O., Simonova E. S., Shibaev M. A. Technological Peculiarities of Old Russian Books as Reflected in Early Modern Inventories of Monastic Libraries. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1313–1328. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.415 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper analyzes inventories of the late 15th–17th centuries from four major Russian monasteries:
St Cyril’s of Belozersk, The Solovetsky monastery, Joseph-Volokolamsk monastery, and
The Holy Trinity — St Sergius monastery. These inventories list the monasteries’ property for
its safekeeping. The inventories of monastic libraries contain valuable information about the
system of book keeping and the development of bibliography in Old Rus’. They also provide
some clues for attribution of books, which can help in reconstructing the concepts of bookmaking
technologies in Early Modern period. These technological notes in descriptions of
books are organized according to the system created by the inventories compilers: the format, the binding, the artistic values, the type and technique of writing, the page’s composition, the
writing material, the state of preservation. The paper shows that the major goal in creating
these inventories was to single out the most important elements allowing to recognize the
book. Yet the description of these elements was not uniform. The attention was mainly directed
to external attribution of a book. From the second half of the 16th century the cursive
writing and the so-called metnoe pismo (a sort of scrittura usuale) were already recognized
as different from standard book writing and had to be distinguished and indicated in book
inventories. The inventories reflected those characteristics of books that were important for
the librarians and therefore shaped certain semantic structures in professional mentality of
Old Russian bookmen. For modern scholars they can serve as markers that follow the process
of the development of book technologies in Early Modern period.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 22-18-00615 (“Technological
shifts in the material culture of Ancient Russia: a comprehensive study of books and documents
of the 11th–17th centuries”).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: technological features of the book

value: Old Russian libraries

value: inventories

value: Kirillo-Belozersky

value: Joseph-Volokolamsky

value: Trinity-Sergius

value: Solovetsky monasteries


dc.contributor.author

value: Mezhevich, Nikolai M.

value: Shimov, Vsevolod V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mezhevich N. M., Shimov V. V. The concept of multi-vector politics in the system of foreign policy practices of the average country (on the example of Belarus). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 436–450. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the concept of the average state and its problematic for modern political
science. Based on the analysis of the concepts of the average state that have developed to
date, the authors come to the conclusion about the vagueness and uncertainty of the criteria
of the average state. It is concluded that the average state is not so much a set of features that
characterize a particular country, as the political role that a particular state is ready to play
in the international arena. At the same time, countries as different in scale as India and the
Scandinavian states can claim the role of an average state. A distinctive feature of the average
state is a propensity for multi-vector politics, geopolitical balancing and multilateral alliances.
Using the example of Belarus, the authors show how this post-Soviet republic is trying to realize
the role of an average state in the international arena. Unlike its neighbors, the Baltic states
and Ukraine, which chose the model of small client states of the West, Belarus followed the
path of a medium–sized state balancing between Russia, the EU, China and the states of the
“far arc”, while maintaining a close alliance with Russia as a priority direction of foreign policy.
The article highlights the difficulties faced by the Union State of Russia and Belarus due to the
unequal vision of its participants of their roles. In conclusion, it is concluded that the former
model of the Belarusian multi-vector politics in the new geopolitical conditions is exhausted,
and the Union State can gain a new meaning as one of the geopolitical centers in the emerging
world of “colliding civilizations”. At the same time, the role of Belarus as an average state — an
equal partner of Russia can be preserved.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: average state

value: Belarus

value: multi-vector politics

value: Union State of Russia and Belarus


dc.contributor.author

value: Hambardzumyan, Naira V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hambardzumyan N. V. Armenian Charitable Organisations of Constantinople and the Problem of Female Emancipation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1160–1173. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.408 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the research is to study the activities of Armenian national, charitable organizations,
boards of trustees, unions, colleges and schools established in the large cities of the Ottoman
Empire with considerable Armenian population, particularly in Constantinople, in the
second half of the 19th century. The charities helped schools and colleges with clothing, daily
allowance, stationery, and financial means. The study undertakes to classify these companies
and unions according to the purpose of their humanitarian and patriotic activities and their
ideological basis. It is important not only in terms of systematization of charities and colleges
but also in terms of women’s issues in Armenology. The relevance of the study concerns the
formation of ideas about women’s issues and the awakening of women’s self-consciousness in
the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. As a result, in the
context of women’s emancipation processes, not only the function of the Armenian charitable
associations and colleges founded in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century,
but also their goals, plans, strategies, and ideological bases have been studied. In addition,
the research examines the issues of women’s rights, emancipation, education, and upbringing
in the period in question. Charities, schools and colleges founded by women functioned as
a result of activities for the benefit of the nation. Many graduates of these institutions later
became teachers, worked in newly opened schools and colleges, and spread progressive ideas
of women’s emancipation.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Constantinople

value: Ottoman Empiere

value: Armenian charities

value: education

value: colleges and schools

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Faizova, Anna A.

value: Xiaohe, Xie

value: Wentao, Wang

dc.identifier.citation

value: Faizova, A. А., Xiaohe, X. and Wentao, W. (2022) ‘Optimization of the system of personal property insurance protection: China’s experience and opportunities for Russia’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 38 (4), pp. 515–531. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
China’s modern insurance market is the largest in the world in terms of several key indicators:
both the number of contracts concluded and the volume of premiums collected. At the same
time, insurance products related to property insurance are the second most popular among
the population. However, the development curve of the insurance market in China is significantly
different from the trajectories of changes in the insurance markets in Europe or the
United States. This article is a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of insurance relations
in the Chinese market under the influence of various factors, such as changes in the macroeconomic
environment, the introduction of innovative technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the transition from a planned economic system to a market one, as well as
after China’s joining the WTO, external economic factors changed the development trends
of China’s insurance industry. Based on the data of the National Bureau of Statistics of China
for 2007–2020 and the Wind database, the authors built an econometric model that allowed
analyzing the impact of various factors on the growth of property insurance in China. Special
attention is paid to the impact of modern trends associated with the active introduction of
digital technologies and the ongoing coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on the development
of the property insurance segment. The ongoing optimization of the system of insurance protection
of the property of the population is primarily due to its risk management function.
China’s experience in the development of insurance relations in the national market may be in
demand in Russia, which belongs to countries with a developing insurance market.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study ‘‘Improvement of Insurance Coverage of the Population under Biological Threat”
was funded by St Petersburg State University, Pure ID: 75249176.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: insurance market

value: property insurance

value: insurance industry reform

value: digital economy

value: Insur Tech


dc.contributor.author

value: Gagarina, Irina V.

value: Knyazeva, Irina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gagarina, I. V. and Knyazeva, I. V. (2022) ‘German state competition policy: Responses to the challenges of digitalization of the economy, lessons for Russia’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 38 (4), pp. 551–580. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the experience of the German competition authority and the limits of
the intervention of the German state and the competition policy developed by it in the digital
economy. Particular attention is paid to the methodological approaches of the German regulator
to assessing the dominant position of companies in digital markets, problems arising in
their practical application, assessing the impact of the digital agenda on markets and competition.
Current cases reflecting the multidimensional assessment of market power in digital
markets are presented. The opinion of the German antimonopoly regulator is systematized,
including the development of a set of measures aimed at reducing negative effects in the form
of abuse of market power and the ability to have a negative impact on the market from online
platforms. The basic rules of the regulatory doctrine adopted in 2021–2022 by the Economic
Commission for Europe within the framework of the Digital Markets Act (DMA) are briefly
presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the concept of “intermediary power”
as a special tool for assessing the market power of online platforms and the implementation
of antimonopoly control and regulation of their behavior based on the regulatory concept
of “gatekeeper”. The results of the research, based on new original ideas and meaningful content,
can be integrated into the discourse of modern science as a vector conceptual approaches
to the study of digital markets, as well as applied in the direct practice of antimonopoly regulation
in the Russian Federation.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: digital markets

value: online platforms

value: market regulation

value: competition

value: market power

value: competition policy measures

value: antimonopoly authorities


dc.contributor.author

value: Belousov, Mikhail S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belousov M. S. State Council and the Political Crisis of the Interregnum. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1078–1100. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the activities of the highest state body of the Russian Empire during
the interregnum of 1825. The political crisis changed the institutional status of the State Council.
His position in the system of power during this period was not based on legislative acts, it
depended on the position of the time-honored Senate and was determined by the tasks of the
plan for Nikolai Pavlovich’s coming to power. It is shown that during the meeting on November
27, the members supported the initiative of Nicholas to swear allegiance to Constantine,
but included in the official protocol an unacceptable formula of his abdication. Senate completely
ignored the decision of the Council. This circumstance was perceived as normative and
natural. The decisive meeting of the State Council took place on the night of December 13–14,
but it is difficult to identify bureaucratic logic in this event. Nikolai gathered the members of
the Council, read out a manifesto to them and, without requiring an oath, sent them home.
For all the actors of these events, the key was the oath of the Senate. All this gives reason to
conclude that the State Council was only the proscenium of the political struggle of the period
of the interregnum, a theatrical performance that served for Nicholas as a source of information
about the moods of the highest dignitaries. He made all the key decisions on his own,
coordinating them only with his confidants, and implemented them through the decisions of
the Senate.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 21-78-10052 “From the
Cadiz Constitution to the Petersburg Uprising: Transfer of Discourses, Ideas, Emotions in the Biedermeier
Era”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

value: State Council

value: Senate

value: oath

value: interregnum

value: abdication

value: Nicholas I

value: Constantine

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Belozyorov, Sergey A.

value: Zlobin, Evgenii V.

value: Kotlobovskiy, Igor B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belozyorov, S. A., Zlobin, E. V. and Kotlobovskiy, I. B. (2022) ‘Russian insurance market: Current state and prospects for development’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 38 (4), pp. 607–625. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review describes the content and main results of the work of the traditional annual international
insurance conference, which was organized by the All-Russian Union of Insurers, the
only self-regulatory organization in the insurance market, and St Petersburg State University
for teachers of economic disciplines of universities and colleges of the Russian Federation and
neighboring countries. The conference was attended by representatives of the legislative (State
Duma of the Russian Federation) and executive (Ministry of Finance of Russia) authorities. In
addition to the current state of the insurance market, both global and Russian, forecasts and
models of its development in modern conditions, a wide range of problems regarding certain
types of insurance and reinsurance was also considered. Particular attention was paid to the
implementation of the principles of sustainable development in the activities of insurance
companies in the Russian economy. The consequences of the general digitalization of society
for organizing the efficient operation of insurance companies, improving the quality of services
provided to customers, developing fundamentally new insurance products, methods and
channels for bringing them to consumers were comprehensively analyzed. The participants
also discussed the problems of teaching students insurance disciplines and training personnel
for insurance, organizing the educational process in the system of secondary vocational
education, interaction between universities and colleges, educational institutions and insurance
companies, and improving the financial literacy of the population. During the work of the postgraduate seminar, presentations were made by both young scientists from Russia and
representatives of the People’s Republic of China and the Syrian Arab Republic.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: insurance

value: insurance science

value: insurance market

value: reinsurance

value: health insurance

value: liability insurance

value: insurance companies

value: digitalization of the economy

value: sustainable development

value: training of insurers

value: financial literacy


dc.contributor.author

value: Avilov, Roman S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Avilov R. S. The Russian City Dalnii through the Eyes of the Minister of War Aleksei Kuropatkin. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1118–1133. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using the unpublished documents from The Russian State Military Historical Archive, the article
explores the history of visit to Dalian (Russian — Dalnii) city by the minister of war of the
Russian Empire Aleksei N. Kuropatkin in 1903. The research is based on the diary written by
the minister during the trip, and also on the collection of the documents he compiled. During
the trip to the Far East, he visited a new Russian commercial port, which was being built on
the Liaotung peninsula. The article describes how he inspected the administrative part of the
city and technical facilities, and analyzes his criticism and recommendations. The documents
presented to the minister of war by V. V. Sakharov, the chief of city administration in Dalian,
provide information on the contemporary situation in the city; on the number of inhabitants
and their nationality; on city planning and architecture; on the system of public land auctions,
taxes and fees. The significance of Dalian city to the defense of the Russian Far East as a suitable
naval base for Japan in the case of the attack on Port-Arthur is considered as well as the
necessity of placing a stronger garrison in Dalian. It is noted that minister of war was skeptical
of the development of Dalian as a large Russian commercial port in the Pacific. He also paid
attention to the imbalance between generous funding of commercial projects of Sergei U. Vitte
and inadequately subsidized defense projects.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-28-01350 “Colonization of
the Far East and Manchuria in Russian and Chinese Government Documents, Journalism, and Periodicals,
1894–1920”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Dalnii

value: Aleksei N. Kuropatkin

value: Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905

value: Russian Far East

value: Russian Army

value: Manchuria

value: colonization

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zaretskaya, Oksana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zaretskaya O. V. Russian-Norwegian relations and the transformation of bilateral cooperation at the end of the 20th century (on the example of the Arkhangelsk region). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2022, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 451–466. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2022.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the restoration and changes of historical Russian-Norwegian relations
in the European North during the transformation of the international order and the end of
the bipolar world in the 1990s. The author defines the nature and specific features inherent in
the Barents cooperation, reveals the historical stages of relations between Russia and Norway,
as well as the prospects for further interaction between the above-mentioned countries. The
relevance of the topic is justified by the need for a comprehensive study of the history of the
formation and development of Russian-Norwegian cooperation in a period of changes in the
international arena and the search for new areas of bilateral cooperation, taking into account
the fact that a systematic study of the experience of Norway and Russia, which occupy a leading
position in the Council of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region (CBEAR) is of great importance
for assessing the current state and prospects for further development of relations in the region
as a whole. In addition, the world politics of the late 20th — early 21st century was characterized
by a trend of strengthening regional institutions and interregional cooperation. The focus
of the BEAR was to provide comfortable conditions for a person living in the North. Accordingly,
by maintaining a regular and mutually respectful dialogue, the participants in the
Barents Cooperation consistently implemented various projects and developed a kind of “immunity
to fluctuations in the international situation”, capable of isolating it from fluctuations
in the geopolitical situation during the period under study. As an example of fruitful Russian-
Norwegian cooperation, the paper analyzes cooperation between the northern provinces of
Norway and the Arkhangelsk region in the fields of education, science and healthcare, as the
most fruitful areas, with special attention to the development of cooperation within the BEAR.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation project no. 22-28-20462 “International
cooperation in the European North: Institutional forms, challenges and prospects for the implementation of
Russia’s Arctic policy in the late 20th — early 21st centurу”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 15; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Norway

value: Arkhangelsk region

value: European North

value: cooperation

value: science

value: healthcare

value: education


dc.contributor.author

value: Cvikić, Sandra

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cvikić S. Identity Construction and State Loyalties of Otmar Babić. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1174–1198. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.409

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper provides a study case of the First World War Croatian Major General Otmar Babić.
It investigates the post-First World War national identity construction and shifting state loyalties
of this Austro-Hungarian high-ranking military official in three different state regimes:
the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes / Kingdom of
Yugoslavia, and Independent State of Croatia. In view of the limited scope of this paper, the
presented preliminary findings are narrowly focused on the text — on Otmar Babić’s statements
in various types of narrations. His personal records are treated as narrations that belong
to the historization of warfare experience — a military history from below. Therefore,
this micro-level sociological study has analyzed developed discourse and discursive practices
reflected in the correspondence between Major General Babić and state institutions, and his
private, more intimate, writings expressed in poetry. Otmar Babic’s statements have been analyzed
and treated as social representations expressed in discourse about the impact of the First
World War on his life. Foucauldian discourse analysis applied as methodology has therefore,
enabled to do qualitative sociological research into the shifting nature of Otmar Babić’s identity
construction in different state regimes, as well as into his shifting state loyalties after the
First World War when he was retired. Otmar Babić’s case provides a subjective account of the
military past and post-war life and represents a source of First World War history from a personal
perspective and a true testimony to the long lost Croatian cultural memory.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is based on the sociological research conducted in the framework of the national research
project IP-2019-04-5897 “The First World War in the Culture of Memory. Forgotten Heritage” financed by
the Croatian Science Foundation.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

value: Otmar Babić

value: shifting state loyalties

value: national identity formation

value: post-First World War period


dc.contributor.author

value: Kanaev, Alexander V.

value: Kanaeva, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kanaev, A. V. and Kanaeva, O. A. (2022) ‘Unfair commercial practice (misseling) as a barrier to the ESG transformation of the Russian banking business’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 38 (4), pp. 581–606. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to a little-studied phenomenon of the modern financial system, called
“mis-seling”, which is a series of interrelated unfair practices and methods of selling financial
services that cause significant damage to the reputation of Russian banks and undermine the
long-term loyalty of their customers. The purpose of this article is to reveal the essence of misselling
as a complex legal, social, commercial and financial phenomenon, study its forms and
methods, analyze the reasons for its spread in Russia, and develop proposals for protecting consumers
from these practices. Achievement of articles’ purpose is ensured by use of the historicalgenetic
research method, analysis of the leading experts’ publications and regulatory documentation
in the field of responsible finance, generalization of empirical monitoring studies on the
rights of financial services consumer protection. Results: a reconceptualization of mis-selling
was carried out, which made it possible to give an expanded interpretation of this phenomenon
as unfair commercial practice that violates consumer rights and contradicts the principles of
responsible business conduct. It is shown that the prospects for large-scale ESG-transformation
of the banking business, its restructuring on the principles of sustainable development, to a decisive
extent depend on the solution of tasks to strengthen consumer protection. Conclusions:
the implementation of the course towards the development of a modern, efficiently functioning
financial sector of the economy, based on the principles of trust and competition and using
tools that meet the needs of stakeholders, involves strengthening the social orientation of the
development of the banking business, which will be facilitated by: a serious modernization of
the consumer protection system, measures to expanding the jurisdictional powers of the Bank of
Russia in the field of preventing administrative offenses, improving non-financial reporting and
increasing the financial literacy of the population of the country.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

value: behavioral supervision

value: consumer rights

value: ESG transformation

value: “green” economy

value: investment life insurance

value: mis-selling

value: payment insurance protection

value: sustainable development

value: unfair business practices

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Schmidt, Gleb

dc.identifier.citation

value: Schmidt G. The Monks of Saint-Thierry in a Property Dispute with the Archbishop of Reims. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1134–1159. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.407

dc.description.abstract

value:
On the wave of religious enthusiasm and monastic reform under Cluny’s influence, monasteries
focused their particular attention on the memory of the institution. Collective memory
recorded and structured interactions of the brethren with the society, preserving the names of
benefactors, patrons, and other emblematic figures. It helped communities shape their identities,
demarcating their monastic networks and protecting and reclaiming their property from
any exterior intervention or usurpation. This article considers three documents that have almost
entirely escaped scholarly attention. This small dossier is a significant of example of how
the brethren of Saint-Thierry in Reims disputed their property rights to the small demesne of Villers-Franqueux against powerful, local noblement and the Archbishops of Reims in the
third quarter of the 11th century. Engaged in this property dispute, the community deployed
different legal measures and appealed to exterior royal authority. The monks did not hesitate
to forge the material and mention an influential person of the moment, Queen Anna, who
ruled as regent around that time, in order to solidify their position. This manifold and detailed
‘protective narrative’ constructed by the monks of Saint-Thierry was also supplemented by
hagiographical texts intended to provide the community’s claims to Villers-Franqueux with a
sacred, transcendent legitimacy, which had to present the deeds of the monastery’s adversaries
as not only illegal but also as going against God’s will. All of this, as the subsequent history
of Saint-Thierry suggests, allowed the community to overcome in the struggle and retain Villers-
Franqueux, which became one of the core elements of its demesne.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out in 2020–2021 within the framework of the project “The Courts of Russian
princesses in Old Rus’ and Western Europe in the System of Power Structures in Middle Ages and Early
Modern Times (11th–16th centuries)” (St Petersburg State University) supported by the Russian Science
Foundation grant No. 19-18-00247.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Saint-Thierry

value: community’s identity

value: cartularized hagiography

value: archbishop of Reims

value: manuscripts

value: Henry I of France

value: Anna Yaroslavna


dc.contributor.author

value: Kolomiets, Alexandra R.

value: Kurdin, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kolomiets, A. R. and Kurdin, A. A. (2022) ‘Common electricity market of the EEU: Effects for Russia’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 38 (4), pp. 532–550. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The integration of the EEU economic space includes measures directed to create common
electric power markets, however, theoretical and empirical scientific research does not allow
us to speak unequivocally about the positive effects for all participants of such an integration
alliance. The issue of creating a common electricity market of the EEU countries is also quite
controversial in practice due to a number of existing regulatory and technical barriers. The
presented work is proposed to consider the possible consequences of the creation of wholesale
electricity markets for Russia. The author, using the autoregressive fractional-integrated
moving average model, shows that the creation of a common electricity market of the EEU
countries may be premature at the current level of technical capabilities and the structure of
national markets. Obtained as a result of modeling forecast price of the general market exceeds
the price of the domestic wholesale market in Russia. It can cause a disparity in supply
and demand on the domestic and the general markets, that increases in prices for the domestic
buyers with some probability. Thus, the integration effects of the creation of a common electricity
market may not always be positive for all parties to the agreement, which means that
the overall gain from lower electricity prices under such an agreement requires a comparison
of the costs and benefits of the agent making the decision to join such an alliance.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article is prepared within the RANEPA state assignment.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: national wholesale electricity markets

value: integration of electricity markets

value: common electricity market of the EEU

value: pricing in the electricity markets of the EEU

value: price forecasting