dc.contributor.author

value: Gavrilova, Natalia Yu.

value: Gladyshev, Nikita S.

value: Kotrova, Anna D.

value: Morosova, Anastasiia S.

value: Soprun, Lidiia A.

value: Volovnikova, Victoria A.

value: Fedotkina, Tamara V.

value: Shishkin, Alexandr N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gavrilova N. Yu., Gladyshev N. S., Kotrova A. D., Morozova A. S., Soprun L. A., Volovnikova V. A., Fedotkina T. V., Shishkin A. N. Role of the oral microbiota in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 231–238.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Dementia and, in particular, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affects millions of people around the
world and its prevalence is steadily rising annually. Some risk factors for AD, such as age, cannot
be modified, while others could possibly be corrected. In recent years, many studies are
tackling the problem of the oral and gut microbiota as a provoking factor for AD and other
neurodegenerative diseases, but their relationship and specific pathophysiological mechanisms
remain understudied. The microbiota of the oral cavity can be of particular importance
due to the specificity of microorganisms and their localization, as well as the possibility of
provoking neuroinflammation, which requires further study. This review covers the specific
features of the oral microbiota, current views on the pathophysiological role of the oral microbiota
in the development of AD, as well as the beneficial role of probiotics. The study of this
issue can have an important practical application both for the early diagnosis of AD, and for
its further treatment.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the grant from the Government of the Russian Federation (contract
No. 14.W03.31.0009 dated February 13, 2017) on the allocation of the grant for the state support of scientific
researches conducted under the guidance of leading scientists.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Alzheimer’s disease

value: oral cavity

value: microbiota

value: probiotics

value: neurodegenerative diseases

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Fedonnikov, Alexander S.

value: Nilova, Anzhelika S.

value: Andriyanova, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fedonnikov A. S., Nilova A. S., Andriyanova E. A. Organizational issues of re-socialization in penitentiary psychiatry (analytical review). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 246–255.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the medical and social rehabilitation and resocialization provision for
persons in the space of penitentiary psychiatry. The article analyzes the data of Russian and
foreign sources, including the regulatory framework, considers the principles of providing
psychiatric care to persons who commit socially dangerous acts (SDA) and suffering from
mental disorders. The existing approaches to resocialization and adaptation of persons after
serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment in the post-penitentiary space are analyzed.
The principles of providing psychiatric care in correctional institutions with the use of regulations
governing the appointment and implementation of compulsory medical treatment measures
(CMTM) in correctional institutions are noted. The data reflecting the organizational
approaches and possibilities of medical and social rehabilitation and resocialization for the
studied category of persons on the basis of legal, medical and social criteria are analyzed and
presented in the form of the author’s matrix. The need to develop and use tools for online
communication based on digital technologies in the process of organizing psychiatric care for
the specified contingent of persons is substantiated in order to create conditions for effective
medical and social rehabilitation as well as re-socialization in the post-penitentiary space.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 15; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: mental disorders

value: penitentiary psychiatry

value: rehabilitation

value: re-socialization

value: digital health

value: online communication

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Pastushenkov, Vladimir L.

value: Mitin, Yuri A.

value: Semenov, Alexander V.

value: Valutite, Diana E.

value: Dudnikov, Sergey Yu.

value: Gabaeva, Madina M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pastushenkov V. L., Mitin Yu. A., Semenov A. V., Valutite D. E., Dudnikov S. Yu., Gabaeva M. M. Medical-biological significance of specific CIC and good perspectives of immune complex disintegration using ultrasonic in laboratory diagnostics of HIV-infection. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 239–245.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article contains data, characterizing results variations of specific laboratory HIV-infection
diagnostics after ultrasonic exposure directed at biological objects of blood serum. Detailed
consideration of biophysical and medical aspects of tissues response on ultrasonic exposure,
including immune complexes dissociation, accompanied by antibodies and antigens appearance,
previously being in bound state and inaccessible for revealing by laboratory methods
was carried out. On the example of HIV-infection good perspectives of ultrasonic application
for immune complexes disintegration in laboratory diagnostics is demonstrated.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was performed with financial support of Federal State Autonomous Educational
Institution of High Education “Sevastopol State University” within initiative scientific project no. 59/06-31.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: ultrasound

value: circulating immune complexes

value: dissociation

value: laboratory diagnostics

value: HIV-infection

value: antibodies

value: antigens


dc.contributor.author

value: Galkin, Mikhail A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Galkin M. Application of cellular and artificial membranes in nanomedicine. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 290–299.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The use of nanoparticles in treatment and diagnostics of a number of disorders is becoming
more and more popular. Further investigations are needed for improving the specificity of
nanoparticle action, precisely targeted drug delivery, decreasing opsonization of nanoparticles
by macrophages. Numerous ways of nanoparticle surface modification have been successfully
tested for increasing their therapeutic potential and reducing possible side effects. Nanoparticle
encapsulation using plasma membranes of red blood cells as well as other cell types has
been recently introduced. This field of translational medicine substantially expands opportunities
for nanoparticle application in clinical diagnostics and therapy of cancer, cardiovascular
diseases, in vaccine development etc. This review focuses on ways, advantages and disadvantages
of using cellular membranes in nanomedicine. Application of artificial lipid membranes
in nanoparticles encapsulation is proposed.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 15; Issue 4

value: nanoparticles

value: cell membranes

value: liposomes

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lisovskii, Oleg V.

value: Gostimskii, Alexandr V.

value: Lisitsa, Ivan A.

value: Zavyalova, Anna N.

value: Karpatsky, Igor V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lisovskii O. V., Gostimskii A. V., Lisitsa I. A., Zavyalova A. N., Karpatsky I. V. Optimization of the work of a nutritionist physician using tools of lean technologies in a simulated clinic. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 283–289.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the possibilities of implementing the priority project “New model of
medical organization providing primary health care” aimed at increasing the accessibility and
satisfaction of patients with the quality of medical care. An example of an outpatient dietary
consultation shows the resources for detecting medical losses and ways of optimizing the activities
of medical personnel using the tools of lean technologies. The article reflects the experience
of the Training Centre for lean technologies in health care of the Saint Petersburg State
pediatric medical university, created in 2018 with the aim of training medical workers of different
specialties to use tools of economical production in conditions of simulated clinic. The
conduct of business games and “The Factories of Processes” makes it possible to reconstruct
the work of the individual office or the entire polyclinic. The possibility of standardization of
medical processes, use of check-lists in the work and organization of each cabinet, introduction
of the system “5S” and identification of medical losses with subsequent optimization of
the initial reception is presented. In this work “The Process Factory” “The optimization of the
appointment of a doctor-specialist” is presented, allowing to make a detailed analysis of the
duration and structure of the reception, to perform the mapping of medical processes and to
use visual management, considering the efficiency, Safety and quality of the doctor’s work. The
acquired skills in simulated conditions help to implement this methodology and effectively
use the tools of lean technologies in practice.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: lean technologies in health care

value: “Process Factory”

value: optimization

value: nutritionist

value: mapping

value: system “5S”

value: medical losses

value: standardization

value: check-list


dc.contributor.author

value: Shikina, Irina B.

value: Davidov, David R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shikina I. B., Davidov D. R. Assessment of the quality of medical care provided to patients in psychiatric hospitals. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 274–282.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Monitoring and evaluation of the quality of medical care provided to patients is essential in any
medical specialty, but especially in relation to specialized care in mental health hospitals. The
aim of our work is to assess the quality of specialized medical care provided to patients in the
psychiatric hospital. We have examined 270 medical records and internal quality control cards
of patients hospitalized from 2015 to 2019 in the Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the Moscow
Healthcare Department (hereinafter referred to as “PCH No. 4” of MHD). The quality control
of the provided medical care was carried out twice with the assessment of each studied
section in the range from 0 to 1 point. Thus, it was possible to calculate the overall medical care
quality coefficient with a description of the defects found in the provision of medical services.
After the first control, quality coefficient appeared to be 0.86 (0.79; 0.91), and after the second
one 0.95 (0.92; 0.96). During the second control, which was conducted in 2019, the medical
care quality was significantly higher (p = 0.011) compared to the results of 2015–2018. The total
share of detected defects in the medical-diagnostic process in a psychiatric hospital was 40.7 %
(and was captured in 110 out of 270 cases). The results of our study demonstrate the necessity of
medical care internal quality monitoring in a psychiatric hospital, since it contributes not only to
the improvement of overall quality of medical treatment, but also to timely detection and reduction
of the number of defects in the medical-diagnostic process.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 15; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: information about medical care

value: internal quality control cards

value: psychiatric hospital

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pavlov, Pavel V.

value: Zashchitina, Elena K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pavlov P. V., Zashchitina E. K. (2020) Free economic zones as a modern development institution in international business. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 36, iss. 4, pp. 675–692.

dc.description.abstract

value:
An analysis of the activities of leading world and domestic companies from 1995 to
2020 showed that the transformation of the global economic order, sanctions, wars, the imposition
of protective duties for more recent key trading partners, and the reorientation of major
sales markets lead to new rules for conducting international business between countries and
companies who participate in world trade. The object of this article is free economic zones as
an institution for the development and support of companies in international business. The
subject of the study is the various forms and methods provided by the free economic zones
that ensure the competitiveness and promotion of companies in the global trade in goods and
services. The result of the study is to identify a new development vector for Russian companies
participating in international business by using the potential of free economic zones. The application
of existing mechanisms and proposing new mechanisms for supporting companies
in free economic zones will become an important platform for business transformation, the
search for new partners, and the establishment of cooperative ties with other participants in
international trade. The results can be used by domestic companies participating in international
business to promote them in new regional and global markets by using the support
mechanisms provided by this development institution.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: free economic zones

value: globalization

value: international business

value: attractiveness of the economy

value: development institutions

value: industrial revolution

value: company leadership


dc.contributor.author

value: Ibragimova, Zulfiya F.

value: Frants, Marina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ibragimova Z. F., Frants M. V. (2020) Inequality of opportunities: Interpretation, methods and problems of estimation. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 36, iss. 4, pp. 624–652.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The topic of this research is the theory of equal opportunities and its application to the
relationship between inequality and economic development. The relevance of the work is
due, first, to the fact that inequality grows throughout the world, creating conditions for the
growth of social tension;, second, to the lack of general consensus on the direction of the
relationship between inequality and economic growth; and third, to contradictory results
of empirical studies on this issue. The main hypothesis of the study is that these theoretical
and empirical contradictions can be resolved by dividing inequality into two components —
inequality of opportunity and inequality of effort — and studying their impact on economic
growth separately. The idea of distinguishing between inequality of opportunity and inequality
of effort is a core part of the theory of equal opportunities. The paper briefly reviews the
roots, development, and current state of the theory. Methods for measuring inequality of
opportunities have been developed and tested on microdata from many countries, including
Russia. Also, at the theoretical level, mechanisms of the negative impact of inequality of
opportunities and the positive impact of inequality of efforts on economic growth have been
identified. At the same time, there are very few empirical studies dealing with the relationship
between inequality of opportunity, inequality of effort, and economic growth. In practical
terms, studies of the inequality of opportunity are important because they shift the goals and
priorities of public policy from equalizing outcomes to equalizing opportunities. This makes
it possible to move towards a more just and rapidly developing society.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was performed under financial support of RFBR, Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(project no. 19-410-020017 p_a).

value: inequality

value: inequality of opportunities

value: inequality of achievements

value: factors-efforts

value: factors-circumstances

value: economic growth

value: the theory of equal opportunities


dc.contributor.author

value: Walter, Harry

value: Mokienko, Valerij M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Walter H., Mokienko V. M. Slavistics at St. Petersburg and Greifswald Universities (results of cooperation). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 691–708.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article offers a review on the history of Slavic studies at St. Petersburg and Greifswald
universities from the era of Peter the Great to present day. The role of Professor Lyudmila
Verbitskaya is highlighted who always actively supported the activities of the Department of
Slavic Philology (for example, she approved the initiative to create a department of Ukrainian
studies in the early 2000s). Thanks Verbitskaya, St. Petersburg University was historically
recognized as the first university in Russia founded by Peter the Great in 1724, which was
proven by archival materials stored in Greifswald. Peter the Great, in the assembly hall of the
University of Greifswald in September 1712, at a meeting of the Academic Council received a
proposal from the President of the German Academy of Sciences Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
on the establishment of a university in St. Petersburg with a European status. The status of the
first university was officially recognized by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation
in 1999 when the 275th anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg State University
was celebrated. As the Rector of St. Petersburg University, Verbitskaya in 2006 concluded an
inter-university agreement with the Rector of the University of Greifswald Professor Jürgen
Kohler. Slavic scholars and professors from St. Petersburg and Greifswald Universities collaborate
closely. One of the active pedagogical and scientific areas of such cooperation is Slavic
studies, which have long combined the efforts of Russian and German philologists.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
within the framework of the scientific project No. 20-012-42008 “Proverbs and sayings of Peter the Great as
a cultural phenomenon of language reforms (retrospective and perspective)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4

value: Lyudmila Verbitskaya

value: St. Petersburg University

value: University of Greifswald

value: philology

value: Slavistics

dc.type

value: Article


title: What does the system of phonemes do?

dc.contributor.author

value: Liberman, Anatoly S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Liberman A. S. What does the system of phonemes do? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 537–542.

dc.description.abstract

value:
System is one of the most important concepts of modern linguistics, including phonology,
but it remains unclear in what sense the phonemes of a language form a system. It is apparent
that the reference is not due to the fact that vowels and consonants function in series nor to
the interplay between the prosodic and the segmental levels. Nowadays, phonemes are usually
presented in the form of generative models, and the possibility to do so is understood
as system’s justification. Yet the results of such modeling testify to the researcher’s ingenuity
rather than to the organization of language. The role of the actual system, rather than such as
is imposed on it by a linguist, comes to the foreground in diachrony. This role does not consist
in producing symmetry (for instance, filling a case vide) or facilitating push- and drag-chains.
System exists to prevent the changes of sounds and prosodemes from disrupting the process of
communication; it even makes them unnoticed by the speakers. Only diachronic phonology,
though it borrows its framework from general phonology, gives life to two basic concepts of
linguistics: system and the distinctive feature. Change reveals their uses, which otherwise remain
hidden. The conclusions in the present article are drawn from the material of Germanic
languages, mainly English: The Great Vowel Shift and some compensatory processes, including
such consequences of apocope as the circumflex and vowel lengthening. Throughout the
article, special emphasis is put on the protective role of the system.

dc.subject

value: historical phonology

value: distinctive feature

value: compensatory lengthening

value: case vide

value: push- and drag- chains

dc.title

value: What does the system of phonemes do?


title: World Trade Organization: Quo vadis?

dc.contributor.author

value: Sutyrin, Sergei F.

value: Xueling, Guan

value: Jovanovic, Miroslav N.

value: Mashayekhi, Mina

value: Paugam, Jean-Marie

value: Portansky, Alexey P.

value: Smeets, Maarten

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sutyrin S. F., Guan Xueling, Jovanovic M. N., Mashayekhi M., Paugam J.-M., Portansky A. P., Smeets M. (2020) World Trade Organization: Quo vadis? St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 36, iss. 4, pp. 543–578.

dc.description.abstract

value:
During last couple of years, the academic community, national civil servants in charge of trade
policies, and employees of international economic organizations have intensively discussed
reforming the World Trade Organization. All participants of the debate tend to agree that the
system of multilateral trade regulation in its present form does not match expectations and
requirements. There is less unanimity regarding the reasons that have resulted in the poor
performance of the institution under review. As for possible ways to solve the problem, existing
opinions differ dramatically. Both expert views and official proposals of WTO members
(Canada, EU, Japan, China and some others) deal with prospects for the Doha round, modalities
of future agreements, decision-making process, and a range of other questions waiting for
uneasy answers.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Chinese Academy of
Social Sciences (project No. 19-51-93009).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: international trade

value: World Trade Organization

value: trade policy

value: World Trade Organization: Quo vadis?


dc.contributor.author

value: Ilyin, Dmitrii Yu.

value: Sidorova, Elena G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ilyin D. Yu., Sidorova E. G. Variability of the language norm in the functioning of toponyms: Problems and contradictions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 615–632.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the linguistic content of the language norm related to the spelling of geographic
proper names. As the basic notion, the authors use Ludmila Verbitskaya’s definition
of the norm recognizing orthographic standards as a particular case of a language norm. The
significance of a research in this area is due, firstly, to specificities of spelling norms, and secondly,
difficulties of proper name codification. The orthographic norms are characterized by a
significantly higher degree of strictness in comparison with other types of linguistic standards,
hence, the avoidance of toponymic orthographic doublets creating problems in place-name
identification. Normally, place names are not present in popular orthographic dictionaries
and other non-specialized lexicographic sources. Not infrequently, the spelling of a particular
locality in a codified form can only be found either on geographical maps and atlases or in
gazetteers and registries of geographical names of a particular region. As a result, the spelling
norm becomes established in the the native speakers’ linguistic competence primarily through
the assimilation and application of the corresponding rules. It was revealed that the most significant
contradictions in the implementation of the spelling norm take place when choosing
an upper- or lowercase letter in compound proper names, as well as when representing the
elements of compounds (separately, as one word or hyphenated). The resultss of the present
research can be used in revision of orthography of both existing and newly formed place
names to make them concordant with the principles of linguistic ecology.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was conducted with the financial support of the RFBR within the framework of the scientific
project No. 20-012-00217 “Linguistic codes of objects of artificial nomination in toponymic policy of
the region: problems, contradictions and vectors of development”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4

value: modern Russian language

value: language norm

value: toponymy

value: variability

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Patrakeeva, Olga Yu.

value: Patrakeev, Alexey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Patrakeeva O. Yu., Patrakeev A. A. (2020) The applicability of public-private partnership contracts for infrastructure projects as a function of their specificity. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 36, iss. 4, pp. 601–623.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Crimean bridge, as Russia’s largest infrastructure project, can be considered a marginal
case of the relative effectiveness of public financing without the involvement of private partners.
According to the formalization employed, the implementation of this project through
market coordination leads to additional costs due to the rising level of specificity. The increase
in these costs is not linear and is more intensive than growth in the level of specificity. Introduction
of an NPV-efficiency assessment tool into the analysis allows us to prove a limiting
reduction of this interval for considering the risk profile of the project under consideration.
Reserves required due to the risk of rising budget expenditures due to the project’s scale actually
does not exist according to these reasons: increases in the discount rate is more intensive
than the rise of negative expectations; the rise of additional equity premiums is more intensive
than the rise of the risk-free rate itself. Thus, the Crimean bridge project should be considered
a marginal case of the relative effectiveness of direct state funding comparing PPP scheme.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The paper was funded by State Assignment of SSC RAS, No. АААА–А19–119011190184–2; the
paper uses the results of a scientific research under the President’ Grant MK–87.2020.6.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: large-scale project

value: public-private partnership

value: transaction costs

value: institutional analysis

value: contracts’ design

value: the Crimean Bridge


dc.contributor.author

value: Riekhakaynen, Elena I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Riekhakaynen E. I. Realization of intervocalic consonant clusters in frequency words of the Russian language. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 672–690.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article describes the realization of frequent words with the intervocalic consonant clusters
[gd] and [ljk] in the oral speech of three groups of informants: adult native speakers of the
Russian language, children aged four to six years and Chinese students learning Russian as
a second language (929 realizations of 11 words). The data obtained confirm the hypothesis
that the most frequent form of reduction of the analyzed combinations of consonants in Russian speech is the loss of the first consonant. However, the variants with the reduction of the
consonant and without it are equally probable in the speech of native Russian speakers for
the majority of the analyzed words. In adult native speakers of Russian, there is a tendency to
maintain a consonant cluster when the word is at the absolute beginning of the inter-pause
interval. Children aged four to six years tend to use only one variant of the consonant clusters
in each of the considered words. The main distinctive feature of Russian speech for Chinese
students is the large number of sound changes in both intervocalic consonant combinations,
as well as the statistically significant prevalence of the full pronunciation over the variant with
the loss of the first consonant in the intervocalic cluster for all words with the [ljk] combination.
The results can be used to improve existing automatic speech recognition systems, as well
as in teaching Russian as a second language.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Grant of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and postgraduates
No. MK-6776.2018.6.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Russian speech

value: consonant clusters

value: reduction

value: Russian as a foreign language

value: children’s speech


dc.contributor.author

value: Kazakov, Vladimir P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kazakov V. P. The functions of parenthetical structures in the context of communicative registers of the language (in the novel Aviator by E. G. Vodolazkin). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 633–649.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides an analysis of parenthetical structures in the novel Aviator by Eugene
Vodolazkin in light of its genre peculiarities and in the context of communicative registers of
the language. In the diary entries of Innokentiy Platonov (the main character of the novel), the
parenthetical structures appear instrumental for a variety of communicative tasks, for example,
they mark important details of the past and recapture memories of the events making the
reader a witness; they also help to provide explanations of situations and actions and express
the reaction to what is happening or taking place. The additional speech plan of parenthetical
structures easily correlates with: 1) informative register (the author of the diary shares his
knowledge with the readers); 2) reproductive register (the events are described as occurring
or taking place in front of the author and the readers); 3) reactive register (the author of the
diary expresses his reaction to the events of the past and present). The article describes the
major groups of parenthetical structures in terms of their meaning, singled out within each
communicative register, and provides data on the number of items selected by means of the
continuous sampling method. It is established that the most frequent parenthetical structures
in the novel are those operating in the context of the informative register, predominantly with
the meaning of incidental, clarifying or particularizing information, and also those performing
a reasoning function.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: parenthetical structure

value: communicative register

value: function

value: expressive syntax

value: diary entry

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zazdravnykh, Evguenii A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zazdravnykh E. A. (2020) The consequences of fiscal load increase for entrepreneurship: Difference-in-differences approach. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 36, iss. 4, pp. 579–600.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study investigates the effect of a twofold rise in fixed payments on sole-proprietors and
entrepreneurial activity in 2013 and a twofold decline in these payments in 2014. The paper
considers consequences of this decision for various facets of entrepreneurship: the presence
of small and medium enterprises in an economy, the new business entries, and employment
in small and medium enterprises. To find a solution to this problem, we use a difference-indifferences
method of policy evaluation. Results of this analysis show that because of a sharp
rise in fixed payments, the number of sole-proprietors increased and there was a dramatic fall
in the number of new businesses. In addition, employment in small and medium firms also
decreased by this decision to raise payments. The decrease in fixed payment in 2014 could not compensate for the negative effects of the previous year among small businesses. Despite
various measures to support entrepreneurship, new business entries continued to decline, although
the speed of this decline decreased after 2013. Thus, the decrease in fixed payments
became an incentive to compensate only some decrease over 2013. The results show that entrepreneurs
have a very rapid response to fiscal load increase and have a slow response to
decreases in taxation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: sole-proprietorship

value: difference-in-differences method

value: fixed payments

value: taxes

value: entrepreneurship


dc.contributor.author

value: Kazansky, Nikolai N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kazansky N. N. Orthoepy, orthography and philology (An epigram by Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt In πραвα Russorum quod prava pronuntiant). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 557–570.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article, dedicated to the memory of Lyudmila Verbitskaya, analyses Russian orthoepy at
the beginning of 18th century. Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt (1685–1735) known for his scientific
expeditions to Siberia, undertaken on the orders of Peter the Great, wrote an epigram
based on his interpretation of Russian word [práva]: In πραвα Russorum quod Prava pronuntiant.
Epigr<amma> subitan<eum>. Prava solet Russis data dextra fidesque sonare: Queis est
prava, putes fallere posse viros: Promissam didicēre fidem servare Rutheni: Qui pravam jurat,
non pejerare potest. The epigram, serving as material for the analysis, shows how he perceived
the Russian word [práva] in speech, which testifies to the accentuated pronunciation of those
with whom he communicated. Certain details in the text of the epigram reveal the influence
of Martial’s poetry (e. g. Mart. IX 11), but at the same time it is possible to reconstruct some
contexts from which Messerschmidt deduced probably the meaning of Rus. [práva] as antonym
of the Latin prava. The epigram shows that he combined the meaning of three Russian
homonyms: adj. f. sg. права(я), adv. право, and substantive право. That is possible only if the
o : a non-distinction in the pronunciation (so called akanje) in that time was largely spread in
Russia. As there are few records of Russian pronunciation during the period of Peter the Great,
Messerchmidt’s epigram can be considered ‘field material.’

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4

value: Russian pronunciation at the beginning of the 18th century

value: Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt

value: Latin epigrammatic poetry of the 18th century

value: reception of Martial


dc.contributor.author

value: Kasevich, Vadim B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kasevich V. B. Function-and-behavior approaches in linguistics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 532–536.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Linguists are increasingly turning to approaches that say that language has no phonology
per se, but one should speak about the phonology of speech production, speech perception
and language acquisition. The same applies to morphology, syntax and smaller structures in
the general architectonics of language/speech grammar. Nowadays, there is no description of grammar/phonology that would illustrate this logic. In the most general way, these approaches
can be designated as behavioristic. It is argued here that oblivion of the principles of
classical linguistics results in contradictions, unsolvable theoretical problems and delusions.
Appeal to phonetics in the narrow sense of the term is unavoidable in modeling speech production,
when reproducing from the “meaning to text” transition. The meaning is obviously
immaterial, but the same cannot be said about the text. Another transition that in recent years
began to be dealt with in linguistic literature on a par with Lev Shcherba’s “aspects”, is “text to
language system”. The point of departure here is not easy to define, especially in the case of a
natural speech. Two solutions are possible, one based on Chomsky’s postulation of the innate
character of language, the other admitting a kind of recursive mechanism capable of “selfexpanding”
as a result of an infinite number of iterations. As a solution, a combination of two
levels may be proposed, prehonological and phonological (resp. semantic amd presemantic)
which will be resonsible for both transitions.

value: phonology

value: speech production

value: Lev Shcherba

value: functional communicative approaches

dc.type

value: Article


title: Lip spreading, not lip rounding

dc.contributor.author

value: Andronov, Aleksey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andronov A. V. Lip spreading, not lip rounding. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 543–556.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the issue of detecting classificatory features of phonemes. Unlike phonetic
characteristics of phoneme realisations, which are explored instrumentally, phonological
features should be discovered by means of functional analysis. Due to their role as exponents
of meaningful units, phonemes are grouped according to their morphophonological behaviour.
Here, detecting phonological features is illustrated by the analysis of the vocalic systems
of Russian, Latvian and Finnish. The ‘lip rounding’ feature traditionally used in descriptions of
these languages has no functional grounds and should be considered as an incorrect substitution
of an articulatory characteristic for a phonological feature. However, apart from ‘height’
and ‘backness’, another feature should be postulated. For this feature the articulatory-based
term ‘lip spreading’ is proposed. In Russian, the spread vowels /e/, /i/, /ɨ/ are distinguished due to their sensibility (primarily in morphophonological alternations) to the correlative feature
of softness-hardness of the preceding consonant. Non-spread vowels /a/, /o/, /u/ are indifferent
to the softness-hardness of the preceding consonant. Thus, /a/ is grouped not with /e/, /i/,
/ɨ/ (as non-rounded in traditional models), but with /o/ and /u/ (no separate group of these
two “rounded” phonemes, /o/ and /u/, exists). In Latvian, the spread phonemes /i/, /e/, /i:/, /e:/,
/i͡ e/ determine the choice of the closed vowels /e/ and /ē/ (instead of open /æ/ and /æ:/) in the
preceding syllable. It is worthwhile to differentiate front vowels (according to lip spreading),
not the back ones (according to lip rounding). In Finnish, the distinguishing of spread /i/ and
/e/ is based on their relation with the fundamental peculiarity of the exponent of a word form,
vowel harmony. These phonemes themselves do not participate in harmony alternation and
they determine front vocalism of affixes only when other, non-spread phonemes are lacking.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: phonological features

value: vowel systems

value: Russian

value: Latvian

value: Finnish

dc.title

value: Lip spreading, not lip rounding


dc.contributor.author

value: Kasevich, Vadim B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kasevich V. B. L. A. Verbitskaya: A few lines instead of preface. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 530–531.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4


dc.contributor.author

value: Popov, Mikhail B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popov M. B. On some myths concerning the St. Petersburg (Leningrad) school of phonology. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 738–760.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of some widespread ideas about the theory and history of
the St. Petersburg (Leningrad) phonological school, created by one of the founders of phonology
Lev Shcherba. In accordance with these ideas, a certain “antimorphematism” and “physicalism”
is attributed to the St. Petersburg school, allegedly distinguishing it from the Moscow,
Prague and other phonological schools, which does not allow us to consider it in the full sense
of the word phonological. The origin and formation of these myths are connected with the peculiarities
of the development of Russian phonology in the 20th century and were determined
by the competition between the Leningrad and Moscow schools, which became most acute
during the phonological discussions in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The main role in the
establishment of this mythology belongs to representatives of the Moscow school, Alexander
Reformatsky and Mikhail Panov. Based on the analysis of the works of representatives of different
schools, the article shows the inconsistency of this mythology and attempts to explain
why, despite repeated criticism, such unsubstantiated claims about the St. Petersburg school
still remain and continue to be replicated both in textbooks and scientific papers on phonology
and the history of linguistics, including recent works. In addition, based on the analysis
of the theory and research practice of phonological schools, it is shown that the accusations of
“physicalism” and “antimorphematism”, usually addressed to the St. Petersburg school, can be
addressed to the Moscow and Prague phonological schools with greater justification.

dc.subject

value: phoneme

value: history of phonology

value: Moscow school of phonology

value: Prague school of phonology


dc.contributor.author

value: Filimonova, Irina V.

value: Eder, Leonty V.

value: Provornaya, Irina V.

value: Cherepanova, Daria M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filimonova I. V., Eder L. V., Provornaya I. V., Cherepanova D. M. (2020) Impact of the oil and gas industry on the economy of producing countries. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 36, iss. 4, pp. 693–718.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper discusses in detail the resource dependency of economies in countries with a high
level of hydrocarbon production and income from the export of raw materials; the consequences
associated with “resource dependence”; and reasons for their occurrence, as well as
possible ways to overcome them. The authors establish the fact that in recent years there has
been a “negative” multiplicative effect from the development of Russia’s oil and gas complex.
Therefore, the goal is to identify factors of “resource dependence” that contribute to economic
growth, to generalize the results of the study at the global level for key oil-exporting countries,
and to draw conclusions for the Russian economy. As a methodological basis for the study, a
panel data analysis method was chosen, which allows for taking into account the influence of
both the dynamics and structure of changes in resource dependence factors in a regional context.
The informational basis of the study was made by countries exporting hydrocarbon raw
materials and classified by macro-regions, level of economic development, and degree of development
of democracy. According to the analysis of panel data, the influence of resource dependence
factors is not always of high importance on the economy of oil-exporting countries.
The economic growth of many countries is more dependent on factors of sustainable growth
that are consistent with the goals of sustainable development. The study allows us to conclude
that it is advisable for countries that are currently in a condition of resource dependence to
revise their development policies in the direction of differentiating the economy, primarily
using the advantages of resource rent for the development of processing and manufacturing
industries, as well as for the development of green energy. The results of the study can provide
an analytical basis for discussions on the effective development of the oil and gas complex
of Russia and the world, taking into account modern challenges and threats to sustainable
development.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: resource dependence

value: economic growth

value: oil rent

value: commodity economy

value: panel data

value: cross-country analysis

value: oil

value: gas

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Knyazev, Mikhail Yu.

value: Zarembo, Valeria S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Knyazev M. Yu., Zarembo V. S. Experimental study of the construction o tom, čto as a clausal complement of verbs and nouns in non-standard Russian. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 650–671.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The spread of the complementation construction o tom, čto in non-standard Russian in recent
decades has been attested in previous work. It has been established that the construction has
a wide distribution and can replace not only ordinary complement clauses introduced by the
complementizer čto (so-called čto-clauses), cf. podtverždat’ o tom, čto + p ‘confirm that p’
instead of podtverždat’, čto + p, but also so-called to, čto-clauses (čto-clauses preceded by a
demonstrative), including those embedded in prepositional phrases introduced by a preposition
other than o, cf. ostanovit’sja o tom, čto + p ‘settle on the fact that p’ instead of ostanovit’sja
na tom, čto + p. The construction can also appear as a clausal complement of nouns, cf.
podtverždenie o tom, čto + p ‘confirmation that p’ instead of podtverždenie togo, čto + p. The
latter uses have been reported to lead to a milder violation, compared to the uses of the construction
with verbs. The present study tested the latter hypothesis experimentally by using
acceptability judgment data. The experiment tested the effect of the subcategorization of the
matrix predicate (in standard Russian), i. e., whether it takes a direct object/čto-clause or a
prepositional phrase (embedding a to, čto-clause). The findings suggest that there is a contrast
in the status of clausal complements of verbs and nouns, specifically, that the latter are not
genuine complements as has been earlier suggested in literature.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: prescriptive grammar

value: complement clauses

value: acceptability judgments

value: experimental study

value: nominalization

dc.title

size: 1 MB


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhiryaeva, Elena V.

value: Svetlov, Nikolai M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhiryaeva E. V., Svetlov N. M. (2020) The effect of sanctions on Russian agricultural imports. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 36, iss. 4, pp. 653–674.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper contributes to the methodology of trade policy analysis, specifically to the assessments
of non-tariff measures. To quantifying the effects of these measures, the proportion
between the variables of two gravity equations, describing the situation before and after the
embargo is used. The ratio of imports per unit of the supplier’s GDP over the two compared
periods (2013 and 2017) is different for two groups of trade partners, one of which includes
free-trade partners while the other spans the rest of the world (with some exceptions). In the
presence of the embargo the gap in the average imports per unit of the supplier’s GDP between
the two groups is wider. This is a consequence of the emergence of a new trade barrier. This
gap allows us to indirectly quantify the trade bans via their tariff equivalent. In this study the
methodology is applied to the case of food and agricultural imports. Fish, as well as other
products outside chapters 1–24 of Harmonized commodity description and coding system,
are excluded. The hypothesis of the study is that the impact of the embargo on the food and agricultural
imports does not exceed that of tariff and phytosanitary measures. The study rejects
this hypothesis and concludes that the embargo establishes a prohibitive level of protection.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 36; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: special economic measure

value: food embargo

value: international trade

value: sanitary and phytosanitary measures

value: tariff equivalent

value: indirect estimation


dc.contributor.author

value: Guzman Tirado, Rafael

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guzman Tirado R. About the role of MAPRYAL in the development of Spanish Russian studies (2000–2020). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 709–719.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the activities of MAPRYAL aimed at the development of Spanish Russian
studies. The first part of the article provides a brief description of the genesis of Spanish Russian
studies and the key stages of its formation related to geographical, historical and political
factors. The second part is devoted to the role of MAPRYAL in the spread of the Russian
language in the Spanish-speaking world, in particular, measures to support Russian studies at
the University of Granada. The article notes that, in many respects, thanks to close and fruitful
cooperation with MAPRYAL, Spanish Russian studies took the leading positions in the world,
as evidenced by successfully hosting the XIII MAPRYAL Congress in Granada in 2015. The
article analyzes some of the contributions of the University of Granada to Russian studies in
the world. An important role in the fate of Russian studies at the University of Granada was played by the creation in 2004 of the research group HUM 827 “Slavistics, Caucasian Studies,
Typology of Languages”, which became a collective member of MAPRYAL and actively participated
in organizing many events dedicated to the dissemination of the Russian language
and literature. Particular attention in the article is paid to the personal contribution to the
development of Spanish Russian studies by Lyudmila Verbitskaya — not only as President of
MAPRYAL, but also as a person who has passionately loved the Russian language and devoted
her life to promoting it in Russia and in the world.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4

value: MAPRYAL

value: Spanish Russian studies

value: Granada University

value: Lyudmila Verbitskaya

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kalenchuk, Maria L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalenchuk M. L. Phonetics and orthoepy: Status, object and tasks of two disciplines. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 571–581.

dc.description.abstract

value:
It is known that two linguistic disciplines — phonetics and orthoepy — coexist on the sound
level of the Russian language. The question of the relationship between the status, object and
tasks of these sections as independent linguistic disciplines is debatable. In the works of modern
scientists, two main approaches to the definition of phonetics and orthoepy can be found.
Some linguists traditionally believe that both sections of the science of spoken speech study
the same language material, but from different angles. Others attempt to differentiate the areas
of responsibility of phonetics and orthoepy, showing that they operate in principle with different
sound facts. The article formulates and analyzes these points of view and offers a new
approach that allows not to contrast phonetics and orthoepy, but to combine them on the basis
of the principle of positional structure. The implementation of a phoneme under the action
of an orthoepic regularity is probabilistically predicted by a number of factors of different
nature — phonetic, lexical, grammatical, word-forming, graphic and sociolinguistic, which
were previously proposed to be called orthoepic positions. These factors do not operate in isolation,
but there is a complex hierarchical system of relationships between them. It is possible
to provide a description of the sound system of the Russian language, in which pronouncing
patterns are divided not into phonetic and orthoepic, but into positional and non-positional.
The concepts of phonetic and orthoepic positions can either be combined into a single concept
of pronouncing positions, or, while preserving the concepts of phonetic and orthoepic positions,
the former can be considered as a particular manifestation of the latter, which removes
the question of differences between phonetics and orthoepy.

dc.subject

value: sound speech

value: phonetics

value: orthoepy

value: norms of pronunciation


title: Regiolect as a continuum

dc.contributor.author

value: Erofeeva, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Erofeeva E. V. Regiolect as a continuum. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 596–614.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problems of norm, orthoepy and variation of pronunciation, including the regional one,
were central to the interests of Ludmila Verbitskaya. Regional variation of pronunciation has
been systematically studied in St. Petersburg University since the 1970s. However, there still
remains a number of controversial issues in the sphere of regional variation of pronunciation
(and language in general). The ongoing large-scale restructuring of Russian sociolinguistic
system, associated with political and economic processes in society, has led to diminishing the
role of classical dialects and their replacement by regiolects understood as regional language
variants characterized by common features revealed in urban and rural speech across vast
territories. The status of regiolects is still unclear in the sociolinguistic system of the Russian
language. The native speakers of a regiolect are people belonging to different social strata, with
different social characteristics; consequently, different regiolect speakers can use regiolect features
with distinct frequencies which are often determined by the social parameters of the
speakers. Thus, a present-day regiolect can be represented as a continuum that combines the
features of a dialect (territorial) and diastratic (social) continua. It is possible to distinguish
smaller language variants within the regional continuum, for example, a regiolect variant of
the standard language (on the territorial axis), different kinds of sociolects (on the social axis).
Hence, while describing such an object, it is essential to apply probabilistic methods used for
discretization of а continuum. This issue is exemplified in the article by some phonetic phenomena
of the Perm regiolect.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is supported by RFBR grant, project No. 19-412-590001 r_a “The variability of the region:
territorial, social and cognitive aspects”.

dc.subject

value: regiolect

value: dialect and diastratic continuum

value: discretization

value: probabilistic modeling

dc.title

value: Regiolect as a continuum


dc.contributor.author

value: Kleiner, Yuri

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kleiner Yu. Linguistic and cultural discrepancy, or Sui Mei Travels about the Soviet Union. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 720–737.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Soviet textbooks of foreign languages, in particular English, very accurately reflect those tendencies
which affected the evolution of the approach to teaching and its goals, from exchanging
information to unidirectional (“addresseeless”) communication that was thematically limited
by the realities of a closed society. The material of textbooks changed from original works
slightly colored ideologically in the late-1920s towards texts that were completely removed
from the realities of countries of the studied languages in the 1930s — 80s. The practice based
on “word-for-word translation” methodology resulted in (a) entire lexical spheres having no
equivalents in the English-speaking world (e. g. The Moscow News lexicon), (b) incorrect designations
of borrowed notions (“currency exchange office” instead of Foreign Exchange), and
(c) “reification,” creating notions based on reinterpreted borrowings. All this is fundamentally
different from borrowing words together with respective notions under natural conditions
(e. g. in émigré communities). Later on, the method of direct borrowing began to be used in
Russia and as a result, a significant layer of neologisms was formed in the vocabulary of the
modern Russian language. A large portion of the neologisms had equivalents (some of them
previously borrowed) and this resulted in a new synonymy with further ousting of one of the
synonyms (e. g. tendencija → trend, specialist → ekspert, etc.), or a division of meanings, including
even the formation of words in their own right (messač’< message), etc. An alternative to
this tendency can be a conscious attitude to language processes (native speakers’ control of
borrowings), which in turn, depend on competence in both contacting languages and, in the
last analysis, the organization of education in the country.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: foreign languages

value: teaching

value: cultural/linguistic correspondence

value: borrowing

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Svetozarova, Natalia D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Svetozarova N. D. From the history of Russian phonetics: Theory and practice in acoustic and perceptual research of the Department of Phonetics, Leningrad University (1950–70s). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 761–780.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article dedicated to the memory of Ludmila Verbitskaya is concerned with the role of
acoustic and perceptual research in the development of Lev Shcherba’s phonological theory. Of
fundamental importance for this were the studies of the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetics
of Leningrad University, conducted in the 1950–1970s, in which fundamental theoretical
issues were inseparable from the problems of application. It is at this period that Verbitskaya’s
early works were created, largely responsible for her reputation of an outstanding linguist. In
1965, she defended her Ph.D. dissertation Russian Speech Units vis-à-vis Аllophones and Phonemes
(Lev Zinder, advisor), based on an extensive experimental study. Among other things,
she challenged the dogma of the traditional phonological theory that speakers perceive only
distinctive phonemic oppositions, by demonstrating the ability of the speakers of Russian to
distinguish a greater variety of vowels than was normally supposed. It should be noted, however,
that in Verbitskaya’s experiment, of all the allophones involved, the informants discerned
only those responsible for providing the hardness-softness consonantal opposition. In this
case, the informants not only perceived the differences, but were able to interpret them in accordance
with the phonological system of the Russian language.

dc.subject

value: phonetics

value: phonology

value: phoneme

value: allophone

value: perceptual analysis

value: Shcherba’s phonological school

value: department of phonetics

value: Leningrad University


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogdanova-Beglarian, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogdanova-Beglarian N. V. About the idiomatic potential of Russian colloquial speech. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2020, 17 (4): 582–595.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the description of the idiomatic potential of Russian colloquial speech,
revealed on a voluminous corpus material. The observations and conclusions are based on the
analysis of the material of two oral corps: Russian everyday speech (“One speech day”, mainly
dialogues and polylogies of native speakers) and Russian monologue speech (“Balanced annotated
text collection”). Both corps were created at St. Petersburg State University and allow
multilevel analysis of both types of oral speech. In a broad sense, all the units that refer to
idioms meet the criteria of stability, reproducibility, and also the integrity of the value of a unit,
which cannot be reduced to the sum of the values of its components. As the analysis of the
corpus material has shown, our speech is rich in such idioms: the maximum number of idioms
per fragment of the record is 1.1 % (the average share is 0.2–0.3 %). For a minute of communication,
the speaker (along with his interlocutors) is able to use up to 2 idioms. The article
presents the results of the analysis of everyday Russian speech. The main array of idiomatics is
not only the units recorded in dictionaries, but also colloquial neoplasms and everything that
can be called the idiomatic potential of colloquial speech. A certain systematization of this
potential is proposed in the article: (1) modifications (s polotencem napereves); (2) contamination
(ni v koej zhizni); (3) occasional formations (golovu zakhlaml’at’ negativami); (4) generalized
statements understandable to native speakers, but requiring comments in a foreign-language
audience (kak razd l’ablondinok); (5) precedent texts, often modified (ikh jest ’u men’a);
(6) speech formulas, or grammatical constructions-collocations (Pravda chto li?! pon’al net?);
(7) prepositional-case combinations (forms-idioms) (bez nikakix). The criterion of idiomaticity
in most cases can be the possibility of replacing a speech fragment with a unit-identifier.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the RFBR grant No. 17-29-09175 “Diagnostic signs of sociolinguistic
variability of everyday Russian speech (based on the sound corpus)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 17; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: sound corpus

value: idiomatics

value: idiomatic potential

value: collocation

value: everyday speech


dc.contributor.author

value: Nedelko, Anastasia Yu.

value: Tretyak, Olga A.

value: Lavrova, Alexandra Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nedelko A. Yu., Tretyak O. A., Lavrova A. Yu. 2020. Consumer food choice: Factors, current state and expected changes. Russian Management Journal 18 (4): 605–642.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Consumer food choice is based on many factors. As income-related restrictions decrease, the range
of factors ceases to be limited only by price factors and is complemented by a number of non-price
factors. The article provides a critical literature review of internal and external factors affecting
consumer choice, including the proposed transformation of the composition and priority of factors
in an economic recession and pandemic. As a result, authors obtain classification with factors
considered in terms of declared, behavioral and physiological types of information. The allocation
of various information types allows to focus on factors that require additional research using different
methods of information collection. Specific factors that influence the food choice among
youth, which are necessary for the formation and adjustment of food habits during adulthood,
are considered separately. The authors propose a starting point for a comparative analysis of the
factors influencing the consumers food choice, particularly in case of rapid environmental changes.
In the article, a new research agenda, requires additional discussion and attention, is proposed
and structured. The results could be useful for brand manufacturers and retailers developing their
marketing strategies, as well as for adjusting government restrictions on the consumption of
unhealthy and stimulating healthy foods.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-310-90027

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 18; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: factors influencing consumer choice

value: food

value: marketing research methods

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ovanesova, Yulia S.

value: Zhitikhin, Segrey S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ovanesova Yu. S., Zhitikhin S. S. 2020. The relationship between CEO personal traits and technology companies’ performance at different stages of the life cycle. Russian Management Journal 18 (4): 575–604.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article reviews how CEOs of technology companies can be successful for firm performance at
different stages of the life cycle. The object of the research is the technology companies of the United
States of America. Such companies are given special attention today as they represent a key driver
of the new economy cycle. Importantly, organizations of the technology sector are largely dependent
on the personalities of their CEOs, who determine the vector of development, main activities
and overall functioning of the firms. The study analyzes the relationship between the traits of the
company leader and firm behavior at different stages of the life cycle of 244 technology companies.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: personal characteristics of CEO

value: tech companies

value: company’s efficiency

value: the theory of organizational life cycle


dc.contributor.author

value: Anokhov, Igor V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anokhov I. V. 2020. The impact of limited rationality on the creation and management of complex infrastructure projects: The cases of Heathrow and Berlin-Brandenburg airports. Russian Management Journal 18 (4): 551–574.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article aims to examine the impact of decision-makers’ limited rationality on creating and
managing infrastructure projects. The object of the study is transportation enterprises that have
critical importance for the national and global economy. I argue that the success of the infrastructure
projects depends on the external environment state and is most evident during macroeconomic
recovery. Authorities make less rational decisions and approve more innovative and expensive
projects at the micro level if the national economy approaches the peak of growth. The productivity
of operating objects depends on the interplay between the external environment and the
internal functional and isolated levels of the enterprise — physical, distribution, economic,
technological, and design. I suggest that these levels differ dramatically by their innovativeness
and planning horizon. The physical level implies the routine and short-term planning, whereas the
project level implies the higher level of innovativeness and long-term planning horizon. The remaining
levels occupy an intermediate position between these two poles. A significant deviation from the
indicated distribution at the functional levels can undermine the productivity of transportation
enterprise and infrastructure projects. I illustrate this assumption using the cases of the construction
projects of Terminal 5 at Heathrow and Berlin–Brandenburg Airports. In both projects, the
obtained results were far from the planned ones, which proves the distortions in the way their activities
were distributed between functional levels.

value: functions

value: airport

value: organizational structure

value: hierarchy

value: structure

value: Heathrow

value: Brandenburg

value: routine

value: innovation


dc.contributor.author

value: Berezinets, Irina V.

value: Zenkevich, Nikolay A.

value: Rucheva, Alina S.

value: Nikolchenko, Natalia K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berezinets I. V., Zenkevich N. A., Rucheva A. S., Nikolchenko N. K. 2020. Do the buyback contracts of undistributed stocks coordinate the supply chain? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 19 (4): 461–492.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The concept of supply chain coordination implies that it is possible to obtain an optimal result for
both independent chain participants and supply chain due to participants’ coordinated actions.
This paper examines the question whether a buyback contract will be coordinating or not. The
authors argue that a coordinating buyback contract should have the following substantive properties:
practical feasibility, collective and individual rationality. The paper off ers a mathematical
defi nition of a coordinating buyback contract which highlights these properties. Entering into
buyback contract process is considered as a two-step game of two players (a supplier and retailer)
on the assumption that the players are risk neutral and make decisions with full information
available, the market price is fixed, and the product demand is a random variable. The authors
demonstrate that the buyback contract does not coordinate the chain, however, there has been
obtained a non-empty set of eff ective contracts depending on the buyback price. For such contracts,
the defi nition of “conditional coordination” is given to introduce the property of a supplier’s
partial rationality; its existence was proved. The findings reveal that the choice of buyback
price affects the allocation of profits between chain participants so the decision on its choice must
be cooperative. To substantiate the nature of cooperative choice of conditionally coordinating
contracts, the asymmetric Nash solution is considered. All results were obtained both in general
terms and under the assumption that the product demand has uniform distribution. For the latter
case, the conditionally coordinating contract parameters were found and it was justified that
the conclusion of such a contract is possible only when a supplier has greater bargain power than
a retailer.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been conducted with financial support from St. Petersburg State University (project
No. 48952577).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 19; Issue 4

value: supply chain management

value: supply chain coordination

value: coordinating contracts

value: conditionally coordinating buyback contracts

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sovetkin, Yaroslav D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sovetkin Ya. D. 2020. Managerial innovations: Approach to definition and classification. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 19 (4): 493–519.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Managerial innovations have become the topic of interest for many scholars, but this concept
remains underdeveloped and poorly managed among the academy and business community in
Russia. This paper offers the composition of approach to definition and classifi cation of managerial
innovations, formed on the basis of exploration of the concept “managerial innovation” evolution, and estimation of the relationship with a more general concept “innovation”. The suggested
composition of approach is based on the three-stage bibliographic analysis of scientific
literature. In course of the bibliographic research, scientific articles were selected according to the
key words, period of publication and citation index. 140 scientific publications were identified
and collected for the period from 1975 to 2019 covering citation indexes from 0 to 12 476 by Web
of Science citation database and from 4 to 2 185 by Scopus database. On the basis of the conducted
bibliographic research, the author introduces his definition of innovation and managerial
innovation and explains the connection between them. Within the conducted research different
approaches to classification of managerial innovations were studied and on their basis a new approach
to classification of managerial innovations was proposed. The findings can be useful for
different avenues of further research regarding managerial innovations.

dc.subject

value: innovations

value: managerial innovations

value: organizational innovations

value: administrative innovations


dc.contributor.author

value: Dyshko, Varvara A.

value: Klochko, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dyshko V. A., Klochko O. A. 2020. Internationalization of carsharing companies in Europe. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 19 (4): 520–541.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the specifics of the internationalization process of carsharing
companies as the largest players in the new sector of a sharing economy. The comparative
analysis of the internationalization process of carsharing companies in European countries was
conducted from four directions: the intensity of car use, the way to enter foreign markets, internationalization
rate, and the choice of locations within a country for doing business. Carsharing
companies with B2C and P2P business models pursue various strategies to penetrate foreign
markets. B2C companies lead the internationalization process; in most cases they are large European
automotive corporations or car rental companies. When entering the same foreign market,
companies with a P2P business model cover more cities in a country than B2C firms. Also,
over the internationalization period carsharing companies with a B2C business model enter the
markets of more countries than P2P companies. The latter primarily enter the markets of neighboring
countries, while the former internationalize in the largest markets. The further global expansion
of carsharing is determined by several contradicting factors. Before the COVID-19 pandemic
began, most scholars had predicted a growing popularity of carsharing services. The use
of electric vehicles and automated guided vehicles within the framework of carsharing sparked
the main growth impacts. However, the coronavirus pandemic poses a threat to the development
of sharing economy. Reinforcement of safety requirements as to minimize personal contacts and
consumer interactions along with the aspiration of states to reduce their level of involvement in
global processes can lead to the transformation of the process and internationalization strategies.

dc.subject

value: carsharing

value: internationalization strategy

value: B2C business model

value: P2P business model

value: Europe


dc.contributor.author

value: Kleiner, George B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kleiner G. B. 2020. Spiral dynamics, system cycles and new organizational models: Pearlescent enterprises. Russian Management Journal 18 (4): 471–496.

dc.description.abstract

value:
According to C. Graves, D. Beck, and C. Cowan’s Spiral Dynamics theory, the development of a
socio-economic system, including an individual, organization, society, occurs discretely by moving
from one level to another under the influence of change in the dominant value system. The authors
of the Spiral Dynamics theory point to 8 levels, marked with a uniform color — from beige to
turquoise. In this article, based on the analysis of trends in enterprises’ organizational models,
the list of known organizational forms is supplemented by a new model —
“pearlescent organization”.
This form of an organization aims to strengthen employees’ emotional attachment due to
an increase in the enterprise’s internal diversity, adaptability, and flexibility of the structure. The
model of synthesis of the theory of linear change of value systems and cyclical change of four
phases of the enterprise’s state is also developed in the article. Each of these stages is characterized
by the dominance of the object, project, process, or environmental subsystems of the enterprise.
The conditions for the transition from one stage of enterprise development to another,
particularly the transformation of the turquoise stage into the pearlescent one, are shown based
on this model.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 18; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Spiral Dynamics theory

value: System Cycle theory

value: company

value: turquoise organization

value: pearlescent organization

value: hierarchy

value: organizational model

value: organizational management

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Filinov, Nikolay B.

value: Fokeev, Maxim A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filinov N. B., Fokeev M. A. 2020. Value proposition of Russian airlines: Drivers and directions of transformation. Russian Management Journal 18 (4): 525–550.

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the hardest hits by anti-coronavirus restrictions is the air transport market. Post-crisis
recovery leads carriers to identification of changes consumer behavior of passengers and, therefore,
transform the value proposition. This change has been happened in the past. In this case, analysis
of nowadays situation is unable without research of airlines value proposition in the last 30–40
years. In the study, based on content-analysis of 902 articles from Web of Science and Scopus we
identified main directions of airline value proposition development. Empirical study was based on
Russian passenger’s airline market, where from the carriers perspective using complex case-study
method we identified main directions of post-crisis value proposition evolution, from the passenger’s
side — using survey of 808 respondents identified perception degree of such changes and
their significance for the passenger when choosing an airline. Empirical results demonstrate that airlines choose to expand the number of available services for passengers, which allows them to
attract new groups of passengers and increase their loyalty. At the same time, from the passenger
perspective, such expansion doesn’t differentiate carriers n the passengers mind, but rather complicates
consumer choice.

dc.subject

value: airlines value proposition

value: airline passenger behavior

value: Russian air transport market

value: customization strategy in the airlines industry


dc.contributor.author

value: Shageev, Denis A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shageev D. A. 2020. Analytic hierarchy process based method for delegating authority and responsibility in an organization. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 19 (4): 542–573.

dc.description.abstract

value:
There are only a few scientific sources in domestic and foreign citation databases where the methodical
aspects on the topic of delegation of authority and responsibility in the organization at
the average and higher levels have been elaborated. Today there is a need for further development
of the delegation methods in economic and management science. The decisions made on delegation
should have practical applicability, efficiency, possibility of integration with information
technologies and mathematical methods, availability of a clear algorithm, the ability to confi rm
or disprove the need for delegation by a set of different methods, the ability to assess the effect
(effectiveness) of decisions. A methodology for delegating authority and responsibility in an organization
based on the hierarchy analysis method that meets these requirements is proposed.
The paper presents the results of the methodology approbation in a large commercial networks
of one of the Russian megacity. Two problem situations of the network which required effective
management decisions through the delegation of authority and responsibility were studied with
the help of the developed logical algorithm. Th e analytic hierarchy process based method was
used to implement delegation process by means of the Mpriority computer program. The results
of delegation led to positive changes in performance indicators. The first situation showed a signifi
cant reduction in the indicators of delayed orders and complaints, conflicts with customers,
expressed in monetary terms. The second situation showed the increase in the customer base
and profit growth. After solving both problems, the users of the method confi rmed its relevance.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 19; Issue 4

value: delegation

value: management functions

value: analytic hierarchy process

value: working time photography

value: organization


dc.contributor.author

value: Berezka, Svetlana M.

value: Demidova, Daria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berezka S. M., Demidova D. A. 2020. The role of the sense of entitlement for Russian consumers’ behavior. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 19 (4): 407–429.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study aims to identify the sense of entitlement of Russian consumers’ behavior in customer
loyalty programs context. It describes the consumer sense of entitlement concept and its application
to consumer behavior research based on an extensive literature review. Consumer sense of
entitlement refers to the extent to which a customer expects special treatment from the company.
According to foreign research, consumer sense of entitlement as a personality trait remains stable
over time and relatively invariant across other factors, and a situational response to the company’s
actions affects consumer behavior including the personal style of interaction and their
expectations. The paper includes an empirical study of the sense of entitlement of Russian consumers, who are representatives of generations Y and Z. The analysis was conducted on the data
collected through a quantitative online survey on the consumer attitude and expectations of airline
services. As a result of factor analysis and structural equation modeling, key components of
consumer sense of entitlement such as demanding behavior and distinction have been revealed.
Th e interrelation with loyalty and complaint behavior was identified for two groups of respondents,
namely the members of customer loyalty programs and non-members. The authors revealed
the positive impact of consumer sense of entitlement on voicing complaints for both groups of
respondents and the positive influence of loyalty on the demanding behavior of respondents who
do not participate in loyalty programs. The article represents an initialattempt to examine the
Russian consumers’ sense of entitlement.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been conducted within the applied research project “Development of Multifactor
Model to Improve Innovative Companies Competitiveness in the Digital Transformation Age” as a part of
the HSE Faculty of Business and Management Research Program (protocol No. 5, 19.06.2020) in 2020–2021.

value: sense of entitlement

value: consumer behavior

value: customer loyalty

value: complaint behavior

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gogua, Megi M.

value: Smirnova, Maria M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gogua M. M., Smirnova M. M. 2020. Revisiting personalization through customer experience journey. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 19 (4): 430–460.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Firms use personalization in order to influence the customer experience through numerous
touch points. This influence has positive and negative consequences, which have further strong
impact on the customer responses and overall success of the firm’s communication with the
customer. Personalization and customer experience have the common path of their development
and share the fields of applications; however, scientific literature is currently fragmented and
analyzes the narrow aspects of either personalization or customer experience. This conceptual
article investigates personalization with the focus on the overall customer experience journey and
its use for the estimation of customer responses and touch points’ utilization. The need for this
focus is based on the necessity of the firm to understand customer responses to personalization
as well as the factors appearing at pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase stages of
customer decision making. The theoretical novelty of the paper embraces positive and negative
consequences of personalization for identification of future empirical research directions.
These conclusions include the impact of anthropomorphization through embedded automated
interactive messaging, history-based and group-based recommendation systems as well as the
impact of increased touch points and influence of informational vulnerability on customer trust,
click-through intentions and reactance. Managerial contributions relate to the suggestions on
possible actions required to either enforce particular effects with positive outcomes for customer
experience or diminish negative ones in terms of technological facilitation, measurement
possibilities and enhancement of information transparency.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: personalization

value: customer experience

value: customer experience journey

value: marketing touch points

value: customer behavior

value: anthropomorphization

value: personal recommendations

value: customer information vulnerability


dc.contributor.author

value: Kornilov, Georgy V.

value: Trachuk, Arkady V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kornilov G. V., Trachuk A. V. 2020. Identifying lead markets for the international banknote production industry. Russian Management Journal 18 (4): 497–524.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper contributes to theoretical study of innovation diffusion by exploring a role of lead
markets factor for innovation adoption at international markets of products and technologies
for national security. The study is based on data obtained from analysis of innovations in
banknote production industry. The international banknote industry characterized by limited
number of buyers (monopsony) and suppliers (oligopoly) is an example of highly innovative
sector with important national security task to maintain integrity of currency circulation. It is
a truly global industry focused on constant development of new security technologies adopted
by most of the central banks. Our findings suggest the factor of lead market is one of the
key elements in taking decision by the central bank to adapt certain security features and
technologies for their banknotes. Geographical origination of a particular technology is been
put aside when issue of national security is in place. Only the value of an innovation itself
matters. We argue that lead market factor is a specific characteristic for of innovation diffusion
in this sector that should be common for areas where government institutions act as single
buyer when the supply is scarce i.e. military industry, space sector, some pharmaceutical
markets etc.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 18; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: lead markets

value: banknote industry

value: national security

value: diffusion of innovations

value: currency circulation


title: Readers Reviews

dc.identifier.citation

value: Readers Reviews. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 19 (4): 574–578.

dc.description.abstract

value: Readers Reviews

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 19; Issue 4

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kovrikov, Roman V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kovrikov R. V. 2020. Reorganization of the “Peterhof ” State Museum-Reserve in the 21st century. The Issues of Museology 11 (2): 144–156.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reveals the content of the “Peterhof ” State Museum-Reserve’s stages of modernization
in 2009–2020, analyzes the effectiveness of measures developed by the management of the museum-reserve to support new areas of development, and presents the stages of transformation
of a linear management system to a multi-level museum complex. The basis for the article
are reports and a number of program documents from the “Peterhof ” State Museum-Reserve,
made available for scientific circulation for the first time. The key document of the analysis is
the Concept of Development of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Culture “State Museum-
Reserve” Peterhof “for the period 2012–2016, which formulates the main theses of the
museum’s transition to a strategic planning system. Along with the preservation of traditional
museum functions, in the practical activities of the Peterhof State Museum-Reserve special
attention is paid to the innovations introduced in museum practices of the 21st century: creating
a museum management system and museum policy in general, a system of external museum
communications, a museum positioning system and organizing sustainable interaction
with visitors. Relevant components of the concept “image of a modern museum-reserve” are
revealed, which correlate with the practical activities of the departments and divisions of the
museum under analysis. The author proposes and substantiates an innovative system of continuous
visitor support, in which it becomes possible to effectively manage the interaction of
the museum and the visitor. The most important economic result of the modernization of the
museum-reserve is the formation of effective mechanisms that improve the work of the museum
in the conditions of market relations and allow for the establishment of a stable system
of interaction with visitors. The presented experience of the Peterhof State Museum-Reserve
can become a guide for Russian regional museums-reserves when choosing directions for the
development of museum complexes.

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: museum management

value: museum policy

value: museum brand

value: museum reserve

value: strategic planning in the museum

value: museum and visitor


dc.contributor.author

value: Rubantseva, Elizaveta V.

value: Hoffmann, Loup

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rubantseva E. V., Hoffmann L. 2020. The curator in the art world and in the museum: History, theories and current issues. The Issues of Museology, 11 (2), 168–182.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the current state of curatorship and curating from a historical, theoretical
and practical perspective. The aim is to understand the origin and the nature of the justified
critique facing the profession nowadays from art institutions, artists, as well as from curators
themselves, while exploring the challenges faced. The key historical developments of the profession
are retraced, which nonetheless always had, to a certain extent, to come to terms with
the main stakeholders of the industry: the artist, exhibiting institutions and the public. The
profession’s interwoven position is further studied through a variety of positive and normative
accounts from curators as well as from academia. These accounts make it possible to evaluate a
profession whose complexity is reflected in its various practices, functions and officiating venues.
Based on the historical and theoretical analysis, the authors explore the current position
of the curator in the art field, as well as problems and criticism faced. Among them, significant
attention in the article is paid to the ethical problems arising from the cooperation of curators
with artists, institutions and the public, as well as to the alarming convergence of the functions
of independent and museum curator and to the partially negative impact of working conditions
on the quality of work of these professionals. The authors come to the conclusion that
curatorship, because of its specific emergence in the world of art, faces new challenges that
cannot be fully resolved because they are unavoidably placed between stakeholders sharing
mostly antagonistic values.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: curatorship

value: exhibition

value: curator

value: independent curator

value: museum curator

value: types of curators

value: history of curatorship

value: museum

value: biennial

value: artist


dc.contributor.author

value: Marasanova, Viktoria M.

value: Krivosheeva, Yulia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Marasanova V. M., Krivosheeva Yu. A. 2020. Museum as a dialogue space for the sociocultural project “St. Nicholas. Yaroslavl heritage”. The Issues of Museology, 11 (2), 310–318.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the extensive practical experience in implementing the sociocultural
project dedicated to the identification, presentation, actualization and popularization of the
tangible and intangible historical and cultural heritage associated with the name of St. Nicholas
the Wonderworker in the Yaroslavl region. The project “St. Nicholas. Yaroslavl Heritage”
has been carried out since 2016 with the support of the Yaroslavl Historical Museum,
Yaroslavl Art Museum and Moscow Kremlin Museums which have been constant partners
of P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University in the implementation of socially significant initiatives
for many years. The modern museum has become an active participant in public life
making its visitors focus on urgent issues. The implementation of sociocultural projects within
the museum space has allowed not only to present the conducted academic research in an
attractive format accessible to the target audience, but also to use all possible mechanisms to
achieve socially significant goals and objectives set during the project. The activity of museum
specialists and the academic community, architects, journalists and historic preservation activists,
on studying the heritage connected with the name of St. Nicholashas covered a wide
range of theoretical issues in the field of protection of historical and cultural monuments, and
also made it possible to implement a number of practical measures to preserve the St. Nicholas
heritage within the Yaroslavl region. The appeal to acute and topical issues of the existence of
monuments has contributed to the growth of public and government interest in the fate of
unique objects of religious architecture, fine art and urban toponymy. This has allowed for the
interaction of various parties, participants in the sociocultural project, and also has made it
possible to create a special dialogue and communication space on the basis of the Yaroslavl
Historical Museum.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: sociocultural project

value: St. Nicholas

value: research

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chebanenko, Sergey B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chebanenko S. B. 2020. Regarding the problem of restitution of African art pieces removed from Benin during the British military expedition of 1897: practice and legal aspects. The Issues of Museology, 11 (2), 319–335.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The question of the fate of the “Benin bronze” is part of a more general problem of the restitution
of African art pieces exported from the continent, during the period of European
colonial rule. The difference between the history of the looting of the monuments of the Benin
Kingdom (the territory of modern Nigeria) by British troops from many other examples of the
removal of original African heritage, is in the fact, that in this case there was a robbery committed
as a result of a military conflict, both sides of which were politically independent. The
political independence of each party, strictly speaking, does not allow for the situation to be
considered in the system of relations “metropolis — colony”. Modern owners of Benin monuments,
spread across a number of museums and other collections in the world, recognize the
injustice of their acquisitions, but they do not always recognize the possibility and necessity of
restitution of these artifacts. This is facilitated by the complexity of the history of objects after
their exportation from Africa and the absence of, in most cases, legal grounds for their direct
return. Recently, the situation has changed significantly, making it possible to transfer a vast
portion of art pieces, originating from Benin, on the basis of not so much the letter of the law,
but on the desire to restore justice.

dc.subject

value: Benin bronze

value: military conflict

value: looting

value: cultural heritage

value: British Museum

value: Ethnological Museum of Berlin

value: Nigeria

value: restitution