title: Was Pigres an Interpreter to Cyrus?

dc.contributor.author

value: Rubtsov, Roman

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rubtsov R. Was Pigres an Interpreter to Cyrus? Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.102

dc.description.abstract

value:
Ancient authors did not leave us any description of ancient interpreters, and neither their
usual functions nor possible social positions are known to us. Although this can be partially
restored from written sources, the whole picture remains in the shadows. We are not aware of
the ways in which people became interpreters in Antiquity, whether such a profession actually
existed, and to what extent it is possible to apply the modern understanding of interpreters to
ancient times. Finally, there are many dark corners in our understanding of historical specifics:
the functions, social status and ethnic origin of interpreters obviously varied in different
cultures and time frames. The use of a word or an expression defining the interpreter is another
issue, for Greek ἑρμηνεύς, a traditional lexeme in dictionaries of Ancient Greek (LSJ,
GE, DELG, GEW, EDG, Woodhouse), does not, in fact, always denote someone related to this
line of work. In Xenophon’s Anabasis a person named Pigres is described as ἑρμηνεύς and one
of the companions of Cyrus the Younger in his belligerent attempt to overthrow Artaxerxes
II. Pigres is usually understood as an interpreter (Gehman, Lendle, Rochette, Wiotte-Franz,
Stoneman etc.), but is there a solid basis for such understanding? What do we know about
him? What does Xenophon tell us about his responsibilities? The study shows that Pigres’
identity should be understood in relation to the usage of the word ἑρμηνεύς in V–ΙV BCE and
to the sociocultural context of Asia Minor under the rule of the Achaemenid dynasty.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Pigres

value: ἑρμηνεύς

value: Cyrus the Younger

value: Xenophon

value: ancient interpretersPigres

value: ancient interpreters

dc.title

value: Was Pigres an Interpreter to Cyrus?


dc.contributor.author

value: Zheltova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zheltova E. V. Faxo in Plautus Revisited: Causativity vs. Speaker’s Stance. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.106

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article concerns the semantic nuances of the verb faxo in the Plautus’ language. The vast
majority of the occurrences demonstrate causative semantics, but there are a few cases where
such a meaning can hardly be seen. De Melo singled out the two occurrences in which faxo can
be treated as either an adverb similar to forsitan or a parenthetical expression with the meaning
“I assume.” The author of the article has found some more examples of the non-causative
use of faxo and tried to find out which of De Melo’s suggestions is preferable. On the grounds
of the grammaticalization principles suggested by Hopper and Heine, there has been traced
the stages of grammaticalization of faxo in the language of Roman comedy, with particular attention
to the broader context. It is demonstrated that the causative meaning which transpires
in many examples tends to emerge in the “bridging contexts” of grammaticalization, while
the transition to the semantics under consideration occurs at the following stage, i.e. in the
“switch context”. Having analyzed all the occurrences of faxo against the broader contexts and
comparative data from other languages, the author concludes that the rare sigmatic future faxo
had over time become a semi-grammaticalized marker of the speaker’s stance, which allowed
both evidential (inferential) and modal-epistemic interpretation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was conducted as part of the collective research project “Grammar of covert categories
in Latin and Ancient Greek” supported by the Russian Science Foundation (РНФ № 22-28-00531). I am
indebted to M. N. Kazanskaya and M. M. Pozdnev for careful reading of the earlier version of this article and
for their insightful comments and valuable advice.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: faxo

value: sigmatic future

value: language of Plautus

value: causative verbs

value: epistemic modality

value: evidentiality

value: speaker’s stance

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Lapteva, Marina Yu.

value: Reznichenko, Egor A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lapteva M. Yu., Reznichenko E. A. The Teaching of Latin at Tobolsk Principal People’s School (1789–1810): Historical, Pedagogical and Methodical Aspects. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2021.112 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, the authors investigate the teaching Classical Languages during the first years
from the foundation of Principal People’s Schools in the Russian Empire in the reign of Ekaterina II. The activity of Tobolsk Principal People’s School (1789–1810) is taken as an example.
The main sources for the article are archival materials and historical investigations not only of
modern time but those of XIX century. First, the beginning of the School’s existence enjoyed
sincere enthusiasm of officials, teaching staff, and sponsors. Latin and German languages were
among obligatory subjects. However, literally a few years later the School encountered serious
problems due to economic instability and imperfectness of organization of admission and
educational processes that led to a drastic decrease in the number of students registered. Living
and teaching conditions of teachers gradually became harder. As a result, the first printed
Siberian journal Irtysh transforming into Hippocrene was closed in two years. In addition, authors
analyze main Latin coursebook Orbis sensualium pictus by J. Comenius and the Regulations
for People’s Schools with special emphasis on practical and methodical recommendations
for language teachers. Despite of reputation of coursebook with progressive approach,
its usage in Schools was one of the reasons why classical education was introduced with great
methodical mistakes. The accent on permanent learning by heart of a huge amount of words,
which are mostly irrelevant to students’ life, made lessons boring routine. The authors claim
that it was far from the blameless way of the realization of educational reforms in 1780s in
Siberia. At the same time, it is noteworthy that those reforms created the necessary basis of
the formation of systematic secondary education in Russia and that of transition to the system
of Classical gymnasia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-413-720014.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Principal People’s Schools

value: Tobolsk

value: reforms of people’s education

value: Age of Enlightenment

value: Ekaterina II

value: John Amos Comenius

value: Classic languages


dc.contributor.author

value: Spyridonova, Lydia

value: Kurbanov, Andrey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Spyridonova L., Kurbanov A. The Ancient Progymnasmata in the Classroom of Sophronios Leichoudes. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
At the core of this paper is a discussion of unpublished progymnasmata (in Greek & Latin)
elaborated by a number of Sophronius Leichoudes’ first students. These texts are preserved
in three codices from the National Library of Russia. They were dedicated to elaboration of
the whole range of the late antique rhetorical exercises such as ethopoeia, encomium, psogos (invective), chreia, commonplace, refutation and confirmation. No manuscripts have revealed
examples of the exercises in fable, comparison, ecphrasis, thesis, introduction of a law. However,
these progymnasmata, except the latter, were studied in abbreviated form within the
preserved exercises. The topics of the pieces proposed by Sophronios are mostly of Christian
character, such as a lament of Joseph, Judas’ betrayal, praises of Christmas, saints and martyrs,
theological debates and many more. The information preserved on their scholia makes us possible
to identify the authors’ names (Nikolay Semeonov Golovin, Aleksey Kirillov, Feodor Polikarpov
and Feodor Gerasimov, Fedot Ageev, Iosif Afanas’ev, Peotr Postnikov, Paladiy Rogov,
Greeks Anastasios and hierodeacon Dionysios) as well as to specify the essential elements of
each exercise to be performed. Based on these materials, we can conclude that Sophronios
conveyed to his students the best elements of both Byzantine and Jesuit rhetorical training, in
this way the Leichoudian method of instruction corresponds in general to that of contemporary
Greek schools.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: progymnasmata

value: Sophronius Leichoudes

value: Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy

value: Aphthonius of Antioch

value: classic rhetoric


dc.contributor.author

value: Skvortsov, Artyom M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Skvortsov A. M. The LSU Department of Classics in the Pre-War and Post-War Period. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2021.113 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyzes the history of the Department of Classical Philology at Leningrad University
from 1938 to 1946, except when the department was evacuated to Saratov during the
Blockade of Leningrad. Documentation from the archival collections (the Central State Archive
of St. Petersburg and the Joint Archive of St. Petersburg State University) and memoirs
(mainly those of O. M. Freidenberg) were used. The study of the curriculum of the department,
introduced in 1938, allowed us to draw a conclusion about the comprehensive historical-
philological training of students, which had its roots in the pre-revolutionary times. It has
been established that the policy of the head of the department, O. M. Freidenberg, of promoting
young personnel in the department (with the handover of courses to them, not always
rationally justified, in the main department) contributed to a conflict situation which led to
a public discussion in May 1946 at the academic council of the department she headed. This
meeting should not be categorized as an ideological campaign: it was based on professional
disagreement. The scandalous nature of B. L. Galerkina’s and N. V. Vulich’s defense was due not
so much to personal motives as to scientific differences in the views on the tasks of classical philology between O. M. Freidenberg and representatives of the “old” school. Dissertations
turned out to be hastily done, the reason for which was the material factor.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: history of classical philology

value: department of Classical Philology of Leningrad State University

value: higher education in the USSR

value: Philological Faculty of Leningrad State University

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Movrin, David

dc.identifier.citation

value: Movrin D. From Jan Luňák to Ivan Ivanovich Lun’jak and Back: An Austro-Hungarian Classicist and His Iter Slavicum. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2021.114

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present paper is the first attempt at a bio-bibliography of Jan Luňák (1847–1935), the
peripatetic classicist who roamed the Austro-Hungarian, German, and Russian empires before
founding the classical seminar at the University of Ljubljana, in 1919, in what was then
the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenians. Luňák studied in Prague and Leipzig and then
moved to St Petersburg to earn his master’s in classical philology from Dorpat (now Tartu) and
his doctorate in Greek literature from Kazan. In 1890 he became extraordinarius in Moscow,
and in 1892 ordinarius in Odessa, from where he retired in 1907. Known primarily for his
Quaestiones Sapphicae, he was forced to launch a second career in 1919, after World War I
and then the October Revolution permanently separated him from his family and deprived
him of his pension. He served as contractual professor of classical philology in Ljubljana until
1930 when he finally returned to Prague. Based on both published and archival material, the
paper provides a historical context for his academic career (which had its roots in the Russian
Philological Seminary in Leipzig, where Luňák was recommended by Friedrich Ritschl). It
thus attempts to understand the somewhat disparate aspects of his complex scholarly itinerary.
Apart from providing his comprehensive bibliography, the study hopes to serve as a
stimulus for other primary sources to surface in the future.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Jan Luňák

value: Friedrich Ritschl

value: res publica litteraria

value: Sappho


dc.contributor.author

value: Zaitsev, Aleksei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zaitsev A. The Students of Panaetius in Philodemus’ Stoicorum Historia 74, 1–6. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.107 (In German)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article compares Cicero’s testimonies concerning Roman students of Panaetius with
Philodemus’ tradition, which is accessible to us through his Stoicorum Historia. While Cicero
associates prominent Roman politicians of the second century BC — among them P. Cornelius
Scipio Aemilianus — with Panaetius in multiple testimonies, Philodemus only attests the
study of the two Samnites Marcius and Nysius and the Roman Piso — all three of whom were
probably politically insignificant — with Panaetius. This can be explained by the different intended
audiences of the two authors: Cicero’s readers were primarily the Roman nobiles who
were (occasionally) engaged in philosophy; Philodemus, on the other hand, was addressing
the members of a Greek-speaking community of practicing philosophers. The fact that the
testimonies do not coincide is thus no reason to deny their historicity. It seems more appropriate
to accept the existence of Italic and Roman (professional) philosophers in addition to the
politicians mentioned by Cicero who were students or friends of Panaitios.

dc.language.iso

value: de

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Philosophy at Rome

value: Cicero

value: Philodemus

value: Panaetius

value: Marcius

value: Nysius

value: Piso


title: Three notes on Asconius

dc.contributor.author

value: Chrustaljow, Wjatscheslaw K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chrustaljow W. K. Three notes on Asconius. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.108 (In German)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with three passages from Asconius’ commentary on Cicero’s speeches. In the
first of these fragments, Asconius reports that Cicero’s daughter Tullia died after childbirth in
the house of her husband P. Lentulus. This version stands in contrast to the communis opinio
in the scholarship (albeit rested on indirect evidence), according to which Tullia passed away
at the Tusculan villa of Cicero after she had given birth to her son in Cicero’s house in Rome.
Asconius’ testimony is compared with the account of Plutarch (Cic. 41. 7–8) who tells the same story as the commentator of Cicero. The author concludes that the reports of two ancient
writers are based on a common source, namely Cicero’s biography composed by Tiro, in which
only the place of birth of Tullia’s son, but not the place of her death was given. Based on this information,
Asconius and Plutarch independently of each other came to the logical but wrong
conclusion that Tullia died in the house belonged to her ex-husband. In the second passage
Asconius mentions that M. Licinius Crassus sat on the jury upon the trial of C. Cornelius de
maiestate in 65. In the same year Crassus held the censorship. However, office-holding magistrates
were excluded from juries. Since the trial of Cornelius can be dated to the late spring
or the first half of summer, we are to assume that Crassus gave up the office by this time. In
the third part of the paper Asconius’ account on the murder of Lucretius Afella is examined.
According to Asconius, Afella was killed by a L. Bellienus, whereas Plutarch reports that Afella
was murdered by one of Sulla’s centurions. The identicalness of L. Bellienus and the anonymous
centurion mentioned by Plutarch is usually called into doubt in the scholarship, but the
author comes to conclusion that the ancient authors write about the same man.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 1

value: Asconius

value: Plutarch

value: Late Roman Republic

value: criminal courts

value: prosopography

dc.title

value: Three notes on Asconius

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rasljic, Dimitrija

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rasljic D. Two Greek Paratext Poems from the Manuscript Q No. 2 of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.110

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper sheds new light on two Greek texts accompanying Aeschylus’ Prometheus Vinctus,
in the fifteenth-century manuscript Q No. 2 of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences
in Saint Petersburg. The first text is a didactic poem on iambic versification, allegedly
composed by Michael Psellos, and the other one is a mixture of book epigrams related to the
subject of the Prometheus Vinctus. August Nauck studied the manuscript and published these
texts. All further mentions of the manuscript depend on Nauck’s readings, which nobody
seems to question. In the latest edition of Psellos, prepared by Westerink, the manuscript from
St Petersburg has not been taken into account, albeit the editor mentions Nauck’s publication.
As for the epigrams, they have been published several times, also without taking that
manuscript into account. A new study of the codex shows that Nauck’s edition contains several
minor misreadings, therefore, I propose a new edition, based on the St Petersburg manuscript,
as well as other manuscripts bearing same or similar verses, which were, apparently, unknown
to him. Analyzing the epigrams on Prometheus, I compare our manuscript with others which
contain the same verses (usually in different order). I try to explain some of the mistakes in
these texts and correct them, as well as to compare them with other readings.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: manuscript

value: iamb

value: iambic trimeter

value: book epigrams

value: readings

value: Nauck

value: Psellos


dc.contributor.author

value: Kołoczek, Bartosz Jan

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kołoczek B. J. Appetite for Mazzards: Referencing History in the Pliny’s HN 15. 102. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.115

dc.description.abstract

value:
The following analysis concerns Pliny’s excursus on mazzard (sweet cherry) cultivation in
Rome in the Book 15 of the Historia naturalis. Pliny links their introduction and spread to the
conquests of the Roman army under the command of illustrious general and bon vivant L. Licinius
Lucullus. The confrontation of Pliny’s narrative with other sources, as well as with the
findings of contemporary researchers, indicate that Lucullus could not have been the first discoverer
of the mazzard and the chronological information Pliny gives should be treated with
special caution. Most relevantly, Athenaeus of Naucratis invoked the same tradition, according
to which Lucullus was also the author of the name of the mazzard (Greek κεράσια, Latin
cerasia), to mock the tendency of the Romans to attribute Greek achievements to themselves.
Pliny’s embellished argument, however, aligns perfectly with his Romanocentric and imperialist
world picture. As an eminent historian, naturalist and official of the Roman Empire, he
used certain passages in his immense encyclopaedia as a departure point to present idealistically
the successes of the Roman army and its culture-forming role. In this context, Pliny’s
description of the discovery and spread of mazzard cultivation serves as another illustration
of the genius of the Romans and the power of their empire.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The
following article was created as a result of the research project PRELUDIUM 9, financed by the National
Science Centre, Poland (no. 2015/17/ N/HS3/00014). The paper is a modified and expanded version of the
author’s research outcomes presented in a dispersed form in his doctoral dissertation, published in Polish
as Historia w rzymskiej literaturze erudycyjnej: Od Warrona do Kassjodora [History in Roman Erudite Literature.
From Varro to Cassiodorus] (Kraków 2019). Translation of the presented paper into English was
financed from the resources of the Priority Research Area “Heritage” of the Jagiellonian University within
the framework of the “Excellence Initiative — Research University” programme. The author is supported by
the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Pliny the Elder

value: Natural History

value: Roman History

value: Roman historical exempla


dc.contributor.author

value: Shumilin, Mikhail

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shumilin M. Textual Notes on the Passio Nazarii, Celsi, Geruasii et Protasii (BHL 6043). Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (1), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.109

dc.description.abstract

value:
In her critical edition of the Passio Nazarii, Celsi, Geruasii et Protasii (BHL 6043), a text dated
to the 6th or 7th century AD and probably translated from Greek, Cecile Lanéry introduces several
conjectural changes aimed at language standardization. The author of the present article
takes issue with several of her conjectures and suggests that in each case the transmitted text
actually stands criticism and should probably be left unchanged. At 2.3, the transmitted alapas
is not to be changed to alapis with percutio, since percutio with both the accusative of direct
object and the accusative of a word meaning “blow” is several times reliably attested in the
Vetus Latina, and in one of these instances the word used for “blow” is actually alapa. At 5.1,
et in the expression uocans Nazarium et dixit ei should not be deleted, since there are numerous
parallels for this syntax in Late Latin. At 8.2, in carcerem is to be retained as a possible way
to describe position in Late Latin, whether confusion of expressions denoting position and
direction or hypercorrect graphic -m is at issue. At 12.1, the form imperatori is to be retained
as a possible orthographic variant for the ablative in Late Latin.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: textual criticism

value: hagiography

value: Late Latin

value: passiones

value: case government

value: apodotic et

value: orthography

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Konkova, Ludmila V.

value: Speshinskaia-Zorich, Maria V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Konkova L. V., Speshinskaia-Zorich M. V. 2022. The role of Russо-Byzantine antiquities collectors in the formation of museum collections at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 78–96. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the context of Russо-Byzantine minor arts, hoards of the Kievan Rus’ era represent a
unique group of material culture artifacts, which are being thoroughly examined by academic
science — archaeology and art history. The history of museum affairs have accumulated
a number of studies on individual private collections, where the hoards were presented
to some extent. However, there is a demand for a comprehensive coverage of the entire
complex of hoards as the result of a “collecting fever” in the Russian Empire at the turn
of the 19th–20th centuries. The culture of this period, addressed to the styles of past eras,
made objets d’art of Byzantium, Ancient Russia and neighboring cultures to be desirable
items of collecting, which contributed to the activation of the antiquities market. When the
antiquities used to be implemented into the private collectors’ milieu, certain tendencies
of their existence in this milieu inevitably arose. This article makes an attempt to highlight beneficial and negative aspects of such tendencies, especially for humanitarian science and
museum work. Among the personalities, such as A. S. and P. S. Uvarovs, D. Ya. Samokvasov,
B. I. and V. N. Khanenko, V. V. Tarnovsky, A. A. Bobrinsky, A. V. Zvenigorodsky, M P. Botkin,
J. P. Morgan — two groups are distinguished according to their motivations and approaches:
professional archaeologists and connoisseurs of antiquities. Characteristics of structure and
acquisitions of their collections in the context of archaeological excavations are given; their
further history of existence and the role in the museumification of decorative and applied
arts monuments are revealed. A number of problematic aspects of the collectors and antique
dealers’ activity is named, such as the growth of the forgery market, the fragmentation of
monuments, which used to be single complexes, as well as the issue of national values restitution.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: hoards

value: decorative and applied arts

value: Byzantium

value: Ancient Rus’

value: private collection

value: museum


dc.contributor.author

value: Bakanova, Irina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bakanova I. V. 2022. To the 100th anniversary of Irina Antonova. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 121–139. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.109 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is dedicated to the legendary Russian museum figure Irina Antonova (20.03.1922 —
30.11.2020), who worked at the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts for 75 years, 52 years of
which as its director. The development of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts under the
leadership of Irina Antonova is seen by the author of this article as part of the evolution of
museum work in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. The article emphasizes that the Pushkin Museum was often ahead of its time, laying the groundwork for major changes. For
example, with the opening of the Museum of Private Collections as part of the State Museum
of Fine Arts, the rehabilitation of private collecting in the country took place. The December
Nights festival created by Irina Antonova in collaboration with the brilliant pianist Svyatoslav
Richter in 1981 became a matrix of art festivals that took place in various museums of the
country during the following decades. The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts was charged
with promoting Western art in the USSR, of which it brilliantly took the advantage when
started displaying works by Picasso, Matisse, Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, masterpieces
of drawing from the Albertina Museum in Vienna, Western European and American paintings
from American museums and others famous exhibitions. This is the visible part of Irina
Antonova’s dynamic activity. She approached academic work no less thoroughly, as well as the
organization of study and cataloguing of the collection of the State Museum of Fine Arts. And,
of course, much credit must go to Irina Antonova for preparing the program for the development
and reconstruction of the Pushkin Museum, which has been repeatedly revised and is
being finalized before our very eyes under the direction of Marina Loshak.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Pushkin Museum

value: state mentality

value: museum campus

value: contemporary art in a classical museum

value: personal collections

value: exhibition activity

value: Vipper Readings

value: December Evenings

value: popularization of Western art


dc.contributor.author

value: Sevastyanov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sevastyanov A. V. 2022. From the history of museum work in Crimea: Activities of the Russian Society for the Study of the Crimea — Society for the Study of the Crimea (1922–1932). The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 39–56. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the museum direction in the popularization and research activities of the
Russian Society for the Study of Crimea — the Society for the Study of Crimea against the background
of the active development of the local history movement in the USSR in the 1920s and
early 1930s. Three main forms of cooperation between the public scientific organization and the
museum institutions in the region are traced: the participation of the Society members in the
work of museums, and in creating new museums of local history (in Alushta and Kerch); publications
of employees of Crimean museums about the profile work of institutions on the pages
of the Society’s printed organ — the scientific journal “Krym”; author’s methodological articles
of members of the Society on museum topics on the pages of the journal “Krym” (K. E. Grinevich,
V. G. Opalov). Consideration of the plots of cooperation between amateur local historians,
professional historians, archaeologists, ethnographers and museum workers allows us to form
a comprehensive picture of the atmosphere and moods that were decisive in the scientific and
social movement of the first decades of Soviet power. The dynamics of local history initiatives,
the change of priorities in popularizing work helps to trace the patterns of transformation of the
local history movement by the beginning of the 1930s. This was fully reflected in museum work,
particularly in the leveling of any creative independence of museum teams and their incorporation
into the structure of state ideological apparatus. This led to a crisis in the local history and
museum movement and contributed to the unleashing of harassment and repression against
local Soviet historians and museum workers, both at the all-Union and regional levels.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 13; Issue 1

value: museum business

value: the Society for the Study of the Crimea

value: local history

value: local history museums

value: the journal Krym

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vakhromeeva, Oksana B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vakhromeeva O. B. 2022. The role of the discourse of museum collections in the distance course on the history of ancient civilizations. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 65–77. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Distance education is a hotly debated subject in the scientific and pedagogical environment of
the newest period; in the methodological literature, issues of practical and theoretical nature
are actively discussed (from the effectiveness of remote servers to ethical issues that arise during
classes). As a positive experience, the article presents the materials of practical classes of
the course “History of civilizations”, which is read by the author at St Petersburg State University
of Industrial Technologies and Design, in a distance format as well. The material is built
according to the problem-chronological principle, that allows students to consolidate what
they have learned in lectures, supplement their knowledge using various visualization and
illustration methods, thus deepening their understanding of the topic as a whole. An indirect
appeal to historical sources is possible when analyzing monographic studies on the cultures of
ancient ethnic groups, the 18-volume encyclopedia “Disappeared Civilizations”, and the content
of the official websites of world museums that store the heritage of ancient civilizations.
M. Montaigne in “Experiments” used the term ‘civilization’ (1581). Descartes in “Discourse
on Methods” contrasted the concepts of “wild” and “civilized”; Herder was one of the first to
connect civilization with the development of culture, pointing to the civilization of the East
as the most ancient. In the 19th century, the concepts of “civilization” and “culture” were synonymous.
In the 20th century, anthropological understanding of culture as a result of acquired
behavioral skills began to be replaced by the concept of civilization. The article is devoted to
a thematic review of individual historical monuments of a number of ancient civilizations,
stored in various museums around the world, which can serve as illustrations for the educational
discipline “History of Civilizations” in a distance format. The choice fell on some ancient
“disappeared civilizations” that arose in various historical and geographical conditions.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: civilization

value: ancient history

value: museum

value: collections

value: culture

value: distance learning


dc.contributor.author

value: Gracheva, Maria P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gracheva M. P. 2022. Experience of studying ornaments on kiselnitsa from the collection of the Nizhny Novgorod State Reserve Museum of History and Architecture. The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 97–109. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the experience of studying one of the types of peasant pottery — kiselnitsa.
In the collection of Nizhny Novgorod Museum-Reserve there are kiselnitsy of the 19th — early
20th centuries with relief ornaments that were imprinted on the kissel. This ritual dish was
served in the Nizhny Novgorod Region at commemorations and weddings, so the kiselnitsa’s
ornament is of particular importance. Researchers from different fields study ornament as an
anthropological and cultural-historical phenomenon and come to the conclusion that it can
indicate both the belonging of an object to a certain ritual and demonstrate a universal sign
system adopted in a particular society. This is especially true for ethnographic objects. Numerous
works on ornaments on traditional Russian embroidery and wood carving have already
been written, but clay is little explored in this regard. However, kiselnitsy provide ample opportunities,
since the ornaments on them are very diverse: geometric, vegetable, zoomorphic.
The author examined eight objects with different ornamentation, divided the ornaments into
types, and through universal signs characteristic of Slavic paganism as well as displayed in
other types of Russian crafts, tried to reveal the meaning of the ornament and its belonging to
a particular ritual. Only such an in-depth study of the object will allow us to better understand
its cultural and historical significance and thereby expand its exposition possibilities in the
museum. Communication with the object will be built in a new way: kiselnitsy can broadcast
information not only about life, crafts and aesthetics of our ancestors, but about their ideas
about the world and the rituals, traces of which are found in modern society.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: clay dishes

value: kiselnitsa

value: ornament

value: Nizhny Novgorod Museum-Reserve


dc.contributor.author

value: Pushenkova, Sofia A.

value: Lavrov, Dmitriy E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pushenkova S. А., Lavrov D. Е. Avant-garde heritage of the regions: Use and development prospects in а museum context (on the example of the museums of Saratov and Smolensk). The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 110–120. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the wake of the growing interest in the history of the Russian avant-garde, leading Russian
museums become initiators, organizers and partners of large-scale exhibition projects dedicated to both individual personalities of the avant-garde era and iconic cultural institutions.
In this regard, it is also important to understand how the museum community in Russia
reacts to the given trend of turning to the heritage of the avant-garde era, and how regional
museums are involved in this process. The artistic avant-garde was never limited to capitals,
new trends penetrated all cities of the country, one way or another leaving a mark on the appearance
of the city, its history and, of course, in museum collections. This is why researchers
need to see the fullest possible picture of how regions are using their avant-garde heritage. The
article is devoted to the study of the experience of using the avant-garde heritage in Russian
regions on the example of the Saratov State Art Museum named after A. N. Radishchev and
the Art Gallery of the Smolensk State Museum-Reserve. Based on sources of museum origin,
electronic catalogs of museums, texts by regional authors, Internet sources (in particular, the
State Catalog of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, and the Constructivist Project
portal), as well as local news sources the article reviews the avant-garde collections of these
museums, considers cultural and educational activity of urban cultural institutions and independent
curatorial projects on this topic. An important part of this study is the assessment of
the development prospects in the actualization of the avant-garde heritage of the regions, as
well as the role of independent cultural institutions of cities in the actualization and use of the
avant-garde heritage of these regions.

dc.subject

value: Russian avant-garde

value: regional museums

value: painting collections

value: exhibitions

value: Smolensk

value: Saratov

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kugusheva, Alexandra Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kugusheva A. Yu. 2022. Saved art: Simferopol Art Gallery in evacuation (1941–1944). The Issues of Museology 13 (1): 57–64. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the evacuation of Crimean museum collections in October, 1941. The
fate of the lost pre-war collection of the Simferopol Art Gallery, which did not have time to leave
the Crimea and was destroyed by fire in Kerch port, is well known. At the same time, a temporary
exhibition made up of the works of the Simferopol Gallery was evacuated from Feodosiya
Art Gallery along with the masterpieces of the great marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky. Prominent
museum figures Nikolay S. Barsamov and Jan P. Birzgal managed to send the exhibits to Novorossiysk,
then to Krasnodar. Contrary to the plans of the Committee for the Arts to take these
exhibits to Stalingrad, both Crimean galleries were sent to Yerevan. At the end of 1941, Birzgal
compiled a list of 50 salvaged exhibits of the Simferopol Art Gallery. Soviet art of the 1920s–
1930s is represented by the works of Igor E. Grabar, Mitrofan B. Grekov, Vladimir A. Eyfert, Peter
P. Konchalovsky. The Russian landscape is represented by Vasiliy V. Baksheev, Pavel A. Radimov,
Vasiliy V. Rozhdestvensky. From creative trips to Central Asia, Altai and Pamir, new works are
brought by Peter I. Kotov and Peter N. Staronosov, Nikolay G. Kotov, Peter D. Pokarzhevsky, Sergei
I. Pichugin. The work of Barsamov, the author of the portrait of the artist Bogaevsky (1940),
is connected with Crimea. Among the rescued works are the works of Konstantin F. Bogaevsky
himself, several of his industrial landscapes, and sketches for the panel Crimea (1921); Bakhchisarai
landscapes by Alexander V. Kuprin, Sudak view by Alexander F. Gaush. In the postwar
period, the museum workers established the affiliation of works by Ilya E. Repin, Joseph
I. Oleshkevich, and Henri-Francois Riesener to the pre-war collection.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Simferopol Art Gallery

value: evacuation of museum valuables

value: Jan P. Birzgal

value: Nikolay S. Barsamov

value: State Museum of Fine Arts (Yerevan)


dc.contributor.author

value: Nesterenko, Maksim

value: Shchenkov, Sergei

value: Denisova, Sofia

value: Starunov, Viktor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nesterenko, M., Shchenkov, S., Denisova, S., and Starunov, V. 2022. The digenean complex life cycle: phylostratigraphy analysis of the molecular signatures. Bio. Comm. 67(2): 65–87. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.201

dc.description.abstract

value:
The parasitic flatworms from Digenea group have been the object of numerous
in-depth studies for several centuries. The question of the evolutionary origin
and transformation of the digenean complex life cycle remains relevant and
open due to the biodiversity of these parasites and the absence of fossil records.
However, modern technologies and analysis methods allow to get closer
to understanding the molecular basis of both the realization of the cycle and its
complication. In the present study, we have applied phylostratigraphy and evolutionary
transcriptomics approaches to the available digenean genomic and
transcriptomic data and built ancestral genomes models. The comparison results
of Platyhelminthes and Digenea ancestor genome models made it possible
to identify which genes were gained and duplicated in the possible genome
of digenean ancestor. Based on the bioprocesses enrichment analysis results,
we assumed that the change in the regulation of many processes, including
embryogenesis, served as a basis for the complication of the ancestor life cycle.
The evolutionary transcriptomics results obtained revealed the “youngest” and
“oldest” life cycle stages of Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica, Psilotrema simillimum,
Schistosoma mansoni, Trichobilharzia regenti, and T. szidati. Our results can serve
as a basis for a more in-depth study of the molecular signatures of life cycle
stages and the evolution transformation of individual organ systems and stagespecific
traits.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by
the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,
project No. 19-34-90111 and by the State
research project No. 1021051703357-3.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 67; Issue 2

value: flatworms

value: Digenea

value: complex life cycle

value: molecular signature

value: phylostratigraphy

value: evolutionary transcriptomics


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreychuk, Yulia

value: Zhuk, Anna

value: Tarakhovskaya, Elena

value: Inge-Vechtomov, Sergei

value: Stepchenkova, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreychuk,Yu., Zhuk, A., Tarakhovskaya, E., Inge-Vechtomov, S., and Stepchenkova, E. 2022. Rate of spontaneous polyploidization in haploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bio. Comm. 67(2): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.202

dc.description.abstract

value:
Polyploidization is involved in a variety of biological processes. It is one of the
principal mechanisms of new species formation since it provides material for
gene diversification and subsequent selection. Multiple cases of polyploidization
were registered in different branches of the evolutionary tree of eukaryotes.
Besides its role in evolution, polyploidization affects gene expression in
living cells: pathological genome duplications often happen in cancer cells. The
mechanisms and consequences of polyploidization are being studied extensively.
However, quantitative determination of the polyploidization rate is challenging
due to its low frequency and the absence of selective genetic markers
that would phenotypically distinguish between haploids and polyploids. Our
work describes a robust and straightforward method for discriminating haploid
and polyploid states in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism
for studying different aspects of polyploidization. The measurement of polyploidization
rate showed that in yeast cells this process is mainly caused by
autodiploidization rather than mating-type switching followed by hybridization.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded
by the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research according to the research project
No. 20-34-90040. AZ was supported by
the Government of the Russian Federation
through the ITMO Fellowship and
Professorship Program.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

value: polyploidization

value: haploid

value: diploid

value: wholegenome duplication

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rodina, Oksana

value: Davydov, Denis

value: Vlasov, Dmitry

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rodina, O., Davydov, D., and Vlasov, D. 2022. Lithobiotic cyanobacteria diversity of the Karelian Isthmus. Bio. Comm. 67(2): 97–112. https://doi. org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.203

dc.description.abstract

value:
This work presents data obtained as a result of studying the composition of cyanobacteria
in lithobiotic communities on various substrates (Ruskeala marble,
rapakivi-granite, granite gneiss) in different light conditions on the territory of
the Karelian Isthmus: Leningrad Oblast, Republic of Karelia, and South Finland.
The species composition of cyanobacteria was revealed, and the species composition
on certain types of substrates was analyzed. A total of 49 species of
cyanobacteria were noted for the Republic of Karelia (13 of which were not previously
recorded in this territory). The detailed taxonomic and environmental
characteristics of species are given. Changes in the species diversity of cyanobacteria
in connection with specific habitats are shown. The type of substrate,
the degree of moisture, and illumination are noted as the main factors determining
the diversity of cyanobacteria in lithobiotic communities.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The sampling and identification of
cyanobacteria were performed with Russian
Science Foundation support project No. 19-
17-00141. The cultivating and estimate
of taxa features were performed with
Russian Science Foundation support project
No. 21-14-00029. The storage of samples
is provided by the herbarium at the Polar-
Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute (KPABG).
The research was done using the large-scale
research facilities of the herbarium at the
Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute
(KPABG; Kirovsk, Russia) reg. No. 499397.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 67; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: biofilms

value: cyanobacteria

value: lithobiotic communities

value: Ruskeala marble

value: rapakivi-granite


dc.contributor.author

value: Kibler, Natalya

value: Nuzhny, Vladimir

value: Shmakov, Dmitry

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kibler, N., Nuzhny, V., and Shmakov, D. 2022.Changes in heart rate during electrical stimulation of the atrium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at low temperature. Bio. Comm. 67(2): 113–119. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.204

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this work, we investigated the effect of high heart rate (HR) in vivo on the
electrical properties and pumping functions of the heart ventricle of the rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at low ambient temperatures. HR was altered
by atrial pacing. The electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and hemodynamic
parameters of the heart ventricle of rainbow trout adapted to a temperature of
5–7 °C were studied from the normal sinus rhythm (21.6 ± 4.9 bpm) to the maximum
possible HR. Results show that a HR of about 60 bpm is the upper limit of
the normal functional activity of the ventricle of the heart. An increase in heart
rate up to 60 bpm leads to an increase in the PQ interval and QRS complex, a
decrease in the QT interval on the ECG, and a violation of the rhythmic activity
of the heart (i.e., the occurrence of extrasystole), as well as to a considerable
change in the hemodynamic parameters of the ventricle of the heart and a decrease
in its contractile properties. After a period of ventricular extrasystole for
several minutes (10–15 min), the activity of the sinus node resumes but with a
lower HR compared with the initial HR. The duration of the QRS complex recovers
to the initial one, and the PQ and QT intervals increase. Maximum systolic
pressure and end-diastolic pressure also return to their original values after extrasystolic
contraction. After the experimental extrasystole, the phenomenon
of the absence of an increase in HR is observed. The arising extrasystole probably
has a functional nature and is one of the mechanisms of electromechanical
homeostatic control in the heart.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was conducted in the
framework of the State Contract (the project
“The mechanism of formation of electrical
heterogeneity at different levels of the
organization of the heart” (FUUU-2022-
0068), 2022–2026).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: heart rate

value: electrocardiogram

value: hemodynamics

value: heart ventricle

value: temperature

value: rainbow trout


dc.contributor.author

value: Shenfeld, Aleksandr

value: Galkin, Alexey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shenfeld, A. and Galkin, A. 2022. Role of the MBP protein in myelin formation and degradation in the brain. Bio. Comm. 67(2): 127–138. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.206

dc.description.abstract

value:
The compact myelin sheath functions as an insulator for efficient conduction of
nerve impulses. The formation of myelin sheaths around the axons of the most
actively functioning neurons continues not only at the stage of brain development,
but also in the process of learning and acquiring certain skills. Pathological
or age-related disruption in myelin results in nerve conduction failure and
neurodegeneration. Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is the main constituent of the
myelin sheath, representing about 30 % of the total myelin proteins in the central
nervous system. Deletion in the MBP coding gene in mutant mice causes a
severe neurological phenotype associated with rapid death of newborns. In this
review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of the MBP protein in
the formation of compact myelin and in neurodegeneration associated with
demyelination.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 67; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: myelin

value: MBP

value: multiple sclerosis

value: oligodendrocyte

value: axon

value: mammalian brain

value: amyloid

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Demina, Irina

value: Dyomin, Alexander

value: Karenina, Karina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Demina, I., Dyomin, A., and Karenina, K. 2022. Lateralization in the visual perception of a potential source of danger in free-ranging steppe marmots (Marmota bobak). Bio. Comm. 67(2): 120–126. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2022.205

dc.description.abstract

value:
A variety of vertebrate species display lateralization of visual perception of
threat. However, the vast majority of studies were carried out in the laboratory
conditions, and little is known about the relevance of this lateralization for animals
in their natural environment. The aim of our work was to study lateralized
visual perception of potential threat in the steppe marmot. The asymmetric
use of visual fields when reacting to an approaching threat was assessed in two
wild populations of marmots. The results showed that marmots predominantly
used the right eye for threat monitoring. A significant impact of anthropogenic
disturbance was found both within and between the populations. The rightsided
preference was reduced in animals inhabiting areas with high degree of
anthropogenic disturbance. The eye (left/right) a focal individual used for threat
monitoring did not influence its flight initiation distance. Contrary to a previous
study, our results do not suggest that the use of a particular eye affects the
speed of threat assessment.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the
Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 19-
14-00119).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: functional brain asymmetry

value: visual lateralization

value: eye preference

value: flight initiation distance

value: Marmota bobak


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhuzhzhalov, Mikhail B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhuzhzhalov, Mikhail B. 2022. Two cornerstones of registration system and their influence. Pravovedenie 66 (2): 127–144. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article, two primary functions of registration law are examined, namely securing information
on legal relations regarding real property (“pure registration”) and attributing real property
by the acts of public authorities (“public authorization”). These functions are considered as two
basic principles of registration law that shape its norms, conflicting with each other, in terms of
historical development, political and legal context. The historical analysis shows that the one
or the other principle becomes decisive depending on the state policy and predominance of
either centrifugal or centripetal tendencies with the state. “Public authorization” principle corresponds
to centripetal tendencies and gets stronger as real estate becomes financial outlay
of centrifugal forces. At that, centripetal tendencies may be confused with centrifugal tendencies
when the registration system serves to redistribution of property and statuses in the state.
Centrifugal tendency is coined by “public authorization” principle which ostensibly grows in
strength when initially real estate constitutes the financial ground for centrifugal forces as the
centripetal forces start dominating in the state. Centripetal tendency is characterized by closed
number of titles in property, however, this number may be easily extended by amendments to
the law, so that for those who can procure such amendments this list remains open. Centrifugal
tendencies are welcomed by social strata that aim at fuller autonomy from the state on all social
levels, remaining its subjects (“private property concept”). Political context suggests that not
only registrar (functioning on the “pure registration” principle), but also public authority acting
in substantive law dimension makes functional element of the registration system. In capitalist
countries this authority would be the court with the powers to allow economic activity by means
of awarding or rejecting claims for damages. In socialist countries this function is attributed to planning administrative authority, and real estate, along with property in general, is not among
the factors that determine political and economical weight of the economic entity, and due to
that, serves immediately the aim with which the real estate is granted, and the structure of the
rights to it reflects it while serving strictly their purposes. By examination of legal context, the
author considered the techniques (presumptions, fictions, burdens) which are applied to foster
one of the principles, and the manifestations of their conflict. The author comes to conclusion
that the tendency to promote “public authority” principle that intensifies these days in Russian
registration system, stems from commercial courts’ interest in achieving a more active role in
influencing Russian economy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 66; Issue 2

value: real estate registration

value: property

value: property law

value: mortgage


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsova, Anna N.

value: Tenberga, Inese

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuznetsova, Anna N., Tenberga, Inese. 2022. Purchase and sale and prohibition of uncertainty (gharar) in the Islamic tradition. Pravovedenie 66 (2): 162–192. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the requirements of Islamic law to the classical contract of sale. The authors
conclude that the prescriptions regarding the conclusion of a contract of sale, the object
of sale and price formation are largely explained by the attraction of Islam to fairness in trade.
Analyzing the object of sale, the authors refer to the concept of property al-mal and its forms —
al-‘ayn property and al-dayn property. They insist that al-dayn is not an analogue of “obligation”,
“debt” or “right of claim” in the civilian or common law’s traditions, but a unique concept
of Islamic law, literally meaning “property-in-the-future”. Considering limitations to sale of aldayn
property, this article presents the approaches of madhhabs regarding the admissibility
of and conditions for the sale and purchase of bay’ al-dayn. The basic tool of Islamic law on its
way to a sustainable trade turnover is the prohibition of transactions involving excessive uncertainty
gharar. The authors reveal the meaning of this concept, which has been widely discussed
among Muslim scholars, and distinguish the notion of gharar from the notions of risk and gambling
maysīr. Application of gharar prohibition to the contract of sale has its own characteristics
and gharar becomes key point in deciding whether it is admissible to sell a non-existent thing —
bai‘ al-ma‘dum and sell a thing that is not available for physical inspection at the time of the
transaction — bai‘ al-ghayb. In this context, the authors pay attention to the distance sale of
goods by preliminary inspection, by sample and by description. Islamic law offers an effective
mechanism for removing the uncertainty gharar from the contract of sale, giving the buyer the
right of khiyar al-ru’yah, which is the right to unilaterally withdraw from the contract at the moment
of physical inspection of the goods.

value: sale (bay’)

value: sale of non-existent (bai‘ al-ma‘dum)

value: sale of goods in absentia (bai‘ alghayb)

value: property (al-mal)

value: contract (aqd)

value: uncertainty (gharar)

value: Islamic law

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pravyashchy, Pavel A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pravyashchy, Pavel A. 2022. Security transfer of title in the form of a sale and repurchase agreement (repo). Pravovedenie 66 (2): 193–218. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article the sale and repurchase agreement (repo) and the purpose of its conclusion are
examined. Among others, the credit and collateral purpose of the contract is highlighted. It is
recommended to distinguish the repo with the purpose of title financing from the agreement
concluded with another purpose. In this regard, the signs that indicate the credit and collateral
purpose of the contract are proposed. Then the structure of obligations in repo transaction is
described as well as requirements to its subjects and object. The article contains the analysis of
arbitrazh (commercial) courts practice on disputes related to repo. Some of the problems faced
by courts are discussed, including the recharacterization of repo as a pledge over securities.
Certain issues related to repo are examined using the example of the case considered by the
Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. While evaluating the court decisions of the case the
norms to be applied to the contract are defined. The specific rules on repo are compared with
the norms on loan and pledge. As a result of the comparison, it is concluded that the norms on
repo in their interpretation in accordance with the credit and collateral purpose of the contract
achieve a balanced regulation of the relations and at the same time have regard to the particularity
of the securities market. It is also concluded that the norms on loan and pledge should not
be applied to repo. At the end of the article, it is recommended that in the repo dispute the legal
approaches to the other title-finance devices should be applied. In this respect some examples
when the legal approaches to finance lease have been applied to repo in the practise of the
Supreme Court of the Russian Federation are noted.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 66; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: sale and repurchase agreement

value: repo

value: title security

value: security transfer of title

value: pledge

value: recharacterization


dc.contributor.author

value: Chen, Shuxiu

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chen Shuxiu. 2022. The protection of the bona fide acquiror of real estate in China. Pravovedenie 66 (2): 219–242. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The bona fide acquisition of immovable property from an unauthorized alienator is usually understood
in China as its acquisition from a person whose right is mistakenly registered in the
register of real estate rights, due to the reasonable confidence of a bona fide acquirer in the
registration record, payment of a rationally justified purchase price and publication of his acquisition
in a manner prescribed by law. This system is based on a combination of the traditional
mechanism of bona fide acquisition of movable property on the one hand, and the public reliability
of the register of real estate rights on the other hand. Since there is a significant difference
between the publicity of rights to real estate, which is ensured through the registration of rights
to real estate, and the publicity of rights to movable property, which is ensured by its being in
the actual possession of the rightholder, it is extremly important the correct interpretation of
each element of the set of facts of the bona fide purchase of real estate. The author insists that
in case of unreliable registration of the right to immovable property it is correct to focus on the
fact of familiarization of the acquirer with the real estate register, and not with the certificate of
ownership. According to the author, the determination that the transaction is a paid one should
be based on the standard of judgment about a rationally justified price. The bona fide acquisition
of real estate, the rights to which are subject to state registration, should be considered
completed only at the time of registration of the transfer of title. The general conclusion is made
that the improvement of law in the future should be aimed at the implementation of the public
reliability of the register of real estate rights.

dc.subject

value: Chinese law

value: real estate

value: bona fide acquirer

value: unauthorized alienation

value: good faith

value: compensation

value: state registration

value: ownership


dc.contributor.author

value: Kornilina, Polina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kornilina, Polina V. 2022. Some aspects of a comparative legal analysis of the doctrine of error at the conclusion of a contract. Pravovedenie 66 (2): 145–161. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the result of a comparative legal analysis of the aspects of the doctrine of
error at the contract conclusion. The general origin of the concept of error roots in Roman law and was further developed along with the concept of contract and its validity. It is interesting
how a variety of legal theories of error developed from one common Roman beginning, each
of which is in constant search for difficult compromises. The author considers in a comparative
legal context the issue of the admissibility of error in the circumstances of the future. Existing
exceptions to the generally accepted refusal to recognize the significance of error about
future facts are reviewed. The article also analyzes the nature of the problem of assessing the
significance of error. Firstly, the nature of the problem of assessing error can be related to the
fundamental contradictions of the principles of contract law, which must be taken into account
when considering the significance of error. The doctrine of mistake is at the intersection of basic
civil law principles, namely, binding of the contractual obligations (pacta sunt servanda),
on the one hand, and the principles of freedom and autonomy of will, on the other. In this regard,
the doctrine is one of the most controversial doctrines of contract law and seeks a balance
between the interests of the stability of the turnover and the interests of each individual
participant. Secondly, the nature of the problem of assessment of error is related to the issue
of the correlation between contractual theory and defects of will. Depending on the prevailing
contract theory, liberal or interventional, the key tasks of law are determined, respectively: either
ensuring formal equality of opportunities between the parties and guaranteeing procedural
contractual fairness, or ensuring substantive contractual fairness. Depending on this, a balance
is determined in the search for the significance of error. The author of the article also proposes
to get acquainted with the results of a comparative legal study of the criteria for the significance
of an error used in some countries of the European civil tradition and common law countries.
Subjective and objective concepts of significance are analyzed, as well as combinations of their
elements, which are reflected in the regulation of the considered legal orders. The study is useful
for developing and improving the domestic doctrine of error.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 66; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: contract

value: contractual obligations

value: error

value: mistake

value: significant error

value: essential error

value: fundamental error

dc.title

value: Article


title: Chief editor's note

dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belov, Sergey. 2022. Chief editor's note. Pravovedenie 66 (2): 125–126.

dc.description.abstract

value: Chief editor's note


dc.contributor.author

value: Guseva, N. I.

value: Sovetkin, Ya. D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guseva N. I., Sovetkin Ya. D. 2022. Managerial innovations antecedents perception by employees of Russian companies. Russian Management Journal 20 (2): 273–307. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2022.206 (In Russian)

value:
Goal: managerial innovations (MI) have become important research topic within the global scientific
community, and also represent one of the most important source of competitive advantages for leading multinational companies. The purpose of this article is to study the perception of MI
antecedents by employees of Russian large private companies of chemical and oil & gas industries.
Methodology: the theoretical part of the research is presented by bibliographic analysis of 265 Russian
and international scientific sources. The empirical basis of the research consists of the survey of
252 employees from 8 Russian large private companies, representing chemical and oil-&-gas
industries, and semi-structured interviews with 12 top-managers of these companies. Findings:
the authors of this article proposed multilevel approach for description of managerial innovations
antecedents based on the results of theoretical part of the research. Within proposed framework
three most significant antecedents had been highlighted: MI companies’ values and employees’
KPI fit; involvement of employees in the process of MI implementation; interaction of an organization
with the external environment. The data obtained during the empirical part of the research
provided the basis for development of practical tool — “Model of Managerial innovations antecedents’
perception”. This model consists of 17 practical recommendations for each of the three multilevel
antecedents for implementation of management innovations. Originality and contribution: proposed
multilevel approach for description of managerial innovations antecedents allows fill the research
gap in theoretical basis of scientific sources covering the issue of managerial innovations. Using
“Model of Managerial innovations antecedents’ perception” will provide control and predictability
of the process of managerial innovations implementation in large private Russian companies of
chemical and oil-&-gas industry.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: managerial innovations

value: antecedents for implementation of managerial innovations

value: chemical industry

value: oil-and-gas industry

value: Russia


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanova, E. A.

value: Cheglakova, L. M.

value: Kabalina, V. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanova E. A., Cheglakova L. M., Kabalina V. I. 2022. The role of heterogeneous context shaping CSR practices in Russia. Russian Management Journal 20 (2): 247–272. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2022.205

value:
Goal: this в paper investigates the diversity of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in
the Russian context. The purpose of this paper is to study how a heterogeneous context, commonly
found in rising economies, shapes the emerging CSR practices of business organizations
operating in Russia. Methodology: an institutional perspective that draws on the contextual
multilevel approach guides our study. In our theoretical framing we assume that organizational
fields play a key role in shaping CSR practices. This is applied to empirical investigation of organizational
CSR practices. To inform our analysis we used desk research and an empirical
dataset that consists of interviews with local business owners and managers representing a wide
range of business organizations operating in Russia. Findings: based on an exploratory qualitative
inquiry, we distinguish between four types of organizational CSR practices co-existing in
Russia: global, crossvergent, authentic and irresponsible. Our findings demonstrate that business
organizations populating one organizational field share homogeneous characteristics of CSR
practices. Originality and contribution: the distinctions among CSR practices of business
organizations belonging to different organizational fields are explained by the markets where
they operate, core stakeholders, response mechanisms to prevailing institutional pressures and
the dominant legacy of CSR.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: CSR practices

value: institutional theory

value: organizational fields

value: context


dc.contributor.author

value: Golovacheva, K. S.

value: Gogua, M. M.

value: Smirnova, M. M.

value: Alkanova, O. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Golovacheva K. S., Gogua M. M., Smirnova M. M., Alkanova O. N. 2022. Treating customers as individuals in online retail. Russian Management Journal 20 (2): 224–246. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2022.204

value:
Goal: the purpose of the current paper is to examine how five consumer characteristics (namely,
hedonic shopping orientation, comparison shopping proneness, consumer confusion proneness,
privacy concerns, and awareness of privacy control) influence the need for different forms of
customer experience (CX) individualization. Methodology: the study is based on an online
survey of a representative sample of 586 Russian online consumers conducted in mid-2021.
Several consumer groups with different preferences for CX individualization are identified using
cluster analysis; then multinominal logit modelling is used to define whether five consumer
characteristics can predict group membership. Findings: the results empirically confirm that
consumers differ in the need for CX individualization and demonstrate that all five consumer
characteristics do work in predicting the need for CX individualization, but their role varies for
different CX individualization strategies. Originality and contributions: the paper is the first to
jointly examine three CX individualization strategies that online retailers may use to interact with
customers: content personalization, product customization, and interaction humanization. The
results of the study shed light on CX individualization strategies that firms should use to address
the diverse consumer needs in their long-term strategies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been conducted with financial support from St. Petersburg State University, grant
ID 77098515.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: individualized customer experience

value: content personalization

value: product customization

value: interaction humanization

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Antonova, N. G.

value: Rebiazina, V. A.

value: Tunkevichus, E. O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Antonova N. G., Rebiazina V. A., Tunkevichus E. O. 2022. Systematization of the factors of consumer participation in the sharing economy. Russian Management Journal 20 (2): 198–223. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: to systematize the factors of consumer participation in collaborative consumption at different
levels of the sharing economy. Methodology: a systematic review of the literature on the topic of
the factors of consumer participation in collaborative consumption was used as the main research
method. For the analysis, the authors selected studies that were published between January
2012 and May 2022 in foreign scientific journals indexed in the scientific citation databases WoS,
Scopus, and Google Scholar. As part of the primary selection, the authors analyzed more than
2 thousand publications on the topic. The most relevant papers for the systematic review of the
literature were included in the final sample of 151 publications. Findings: as a result of the
analysis, the factors of consumer participation in collaborative consumption are systematized into
the following groups: economic, technological, political, legal, social, environmental, demographic,
psychological, and hedonistic; in addition, the features of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
as a separate macro factor are revealed. Each group of factors is described at five levels of the
sharing economy: personal, organizational, industry, state, and global. Originality and contributions:
from a theoretical point of view, the systematization provides comprehensive information about
the factors of consumer participation in sharing at each level of the sharing economy, summarizing
a number of existing approaches to interpreting participation factors. Concerning application in
practice, the results of the survey may be of interest to companies in the sharing economy sector,
since additional information about the interaction of exchange participants at different levels will
allow companies to better understand their motives, which will contribute to the development of
effective marketing and market strategies, increase sales, strengthen the company’s position in
the market and the development of an effective response to the challenges of the external economic
environment in conditions of economic instability.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been conducted within the fundamental research project 2022.002R. Rebiazina V. A.
“Consumer trust as an institutional factor of the Russian digital economy development” as a part of the
HSE Graduate School of Business Research Program in 2022–2024.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: collaborative consumption

value: multilevel approach to the sharing economy

value: systematic literature review

value: consumer behavior

value: sharing services


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, A. I.

value: Chepurenko, A. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova A. I., Chepurenko A. Yu. 2022. Factors of the resilience of small businesses under external shocks in Russia (based on the longitudinal study data). Russian Management Journal 20 (2): 172–197. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: this article analyzes the impact of a number of factors of a different nature on the financial
and economic “resilience” of the business of Russian small entrepreneurs during the period of
external shocks (Pandemic, situation across Ukraine). Methodology: the empirical base of the
papers consist of the data of five waves of small business longitudinal study (initial number —
750 people), implemented in 2021–2022 by the Foundation “Public Opinion”. To analyze the panel
data, multinomial logistical regression with fixed effects was chosen (FE-model). Findings: the
article shows that: the age of the business is not a significant factor that can explain the resilience
of the business reaction to external shocks; the larger the market, the higher the likelihood that
the business will either be sustainably developing even during shocks, or will perform resiliently
under external shocks; opportunity driven motivation is more likely to promote resilience than
necessity driven motivation, and is more often typical for entrepreneurs whose businesses are
even growing under external shocks; the use of innovations does not lead to business resilience
under external shocks — at least on the materials of the available panel of respondents. Originality
and contribution: the paper’s contribution to the existing literature consists of following. First,
it is the first attempt to differentiate several factors which presumably might affect SMEs resilient
reaction on external shocks taking the dynamics of their behavior, but not basing on the data of
a one-time study. It came out that neither the age of business, nor the use of innovative solutions
have any prolonged impact on it. Moreover, the share of resilient businesses led by entrepreneurs
driven by the opportunity to increase their income is similar to those necessity driven entrepreneurs,
while IDO entrepreneurs it is much higher. The finding that the volume of the market is positively
connected with the resilience during shocks confirms the importance of studying the effects of
the volume of businesses’ operations on its stable performance. The limitation of the study is as
a relatively short period of observation (July 2021 — July 2022).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared in the course of the project “Adaptation strategies of Russian small entrepreneurs
to shock changes in the economy and society”, supported by the Faculty of Social Sciences, the HSE University.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: small entrepreneurship

value: resilience factors

value: pandemic COVID-19

value: Russia

value: longitudinal survey

value: quantitative analysis


dc.contributor.author

value: Kachalov, R. М.

value: Sleptsova, Yu. А.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kachalov R. М., Sleptsova Yu. А. 2022. Business ecosystems under crisis conditions: Identifying risk factors. Russian Management Journal 20 (2): 155–171. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2022.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: the purpose of this study is to identify new risk factors due to changes in the external
conditions of the functioning of business ecosystems. Methodology: the methodological tools in
this work are the system economic theory in terms of the development of ecosystem economics,
and the operational theory of risk management, supplemented by a phenomenological approach
to risk management. Findings: we have identified the risk factors of object, process, project and
environmental subsystems in the activities of business ecosystems and compared them for the
conditions of the pandemic and sanctions from foreign countries. We have proposed such a
structuring of the economic space within the business ecosystem, which allows analyzing, clarifying
and specifying the range of possible risk factors for the given conditions of activity from a
systematic standpoint, not to skip significant and not to include unnecessary factors in consideration.
Originality and contribution: the originality and novelty of the approach to the identification of
risk factors is characterized by the use of systemic economic theory, which allows to distinguish
four types of basic socio-economic systems (object, project, process and environmental) on a spatiotemporal
basis.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: business ecosystem

value: enterprise

value: organization

value: consumer

value: economic agent

value: risk phenomenon

value: risk factor

value: operational characteristics of risk

value: object subsystems

value: process subsystems

value: project subsystems

value: environment subsystems

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Matsko, Marina V.

value: Matsko, Evgeny D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Matsko M. V., Matsko E. D. Neuro-oncology, 2021. Brief analysis of the new World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2022, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 88–100. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2022.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author’s translation of the new World Health Organization classification (2021) of tumors
of the central nervous system is presented. Its fundamental differences from the previous edition are considered with a list of the main new nosological units. It is important to note that
central nervous system tumors were divided into “adult-type diffuse gliomas” and “paediatric-
type diffuse gliomas” (low-grade and high-grade). A new section has appeared — “gliomas,
glioneuronal tumors, and neuronal tumors”. This rubric includes “ependymal tumors”
and “glioneuronal and neuronal tumors”. In the fifth-edition Central Nervous System Tumours
volume of the Classification, the sections have disappeared: “other astrocytic tumors”
and “other gliomas”. Many nosologies from these sections, according to growth patterns, have
formed a new rubric — “сircumscribed astrocytic gliomas. The approach to the classification
of ependymomas has been fundamentally changed. Now it is based on anatomical localization
and its corresponding genetic aberration. Attention is paid to the growing role of molecular
diagnostics, which is fundamental in terms of nosology, and to the difficulties associated with
the transition to the new version of classification. Information about the degree of malignancy
of the most common neoplasms of this localization is given.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 17; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: WHO classification

value: tumors of the central nervous system

value: the degree of malignancy of the CNS tumors

value: molecular genetics

value: neuro-oncology


dc.contributor.author

value: Zharova, Elena N.

value: Vershinina, Elena A.

value: Bondarenko, Anastasia B.

value: Titova, Olga V.

value: Vlasova, Natalya V.

value: Oleynik, Anna A.

value: Nezdorovina, Victoria G.

value: Abramov, Konstantin B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zharova E. N., Vershinina E. A., Bondarenko A. B., Titova O. V., Vlasova N. V., Oleynik A. A., Nezdorovina V. G., Abramov K. B. Rehabilitation of patients after stroke using biofeedback and a multidisciplinary approach. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2022, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 70–87. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2022.201

dc.description.abstract

value:
The high prevalence of vascular diseases of the brain (mainly as a result of atherosclerotic
vascular lesions) makes the problem of rehabilitation of patients with motor disorders, poststroke
disorder of higher mental functions — one of the most relevant in modern medicine.
Up to 80 % of stroke patients have persistent neurological deficits. About a quarter of these
cases are profound disabilities with loss of self-care. The most complete restoration of functions
lost after a stroke can be achieved within the first year after the onset of an acute cerebrovascular
accident. At the same time, despite the successes of modern neurorehabilitation,
up to 80 % of stroke patients remain disabled. In this regard, the timely provision of adequate
emergency medical care for stroke and full-fledged rehabilitation are among the most important
tasks of the healthcare system, clinical neurology and neurosurgery. In this article, for use
in the system of complex rehabilitation, a biofeedback method on the Pablo apparatus and
sessions with a psychologist are proposed. The obtained positive effect is shown in the results
of the study and can be proposed for practical use in specialized clinics.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: stroke

value: rehabilitation

value: biofeedback

value: psychotherapy


dc.contributor.author

value: Kovalevsky, Sergei M.

value: Shmantsar’, Anton A.

value: Timofeeva, Natalia N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kovalevsky S. M., Shmantsar’ A. A., Timofeeva N. N. The problems of realization of the patient’s right to choose a medical organization and the doctor in contracts for the provision of medical services according to programs of compulsory and voluntary medical insurance. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2022, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 123–131. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2022.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses the current legislation and law enforcement practice on patient’s right
to choose a medical organization and to choose a doctor under contracts for the provision
of paid medical services in the sphere of voluntary health insurance. The efficiency of the
realization of patient’s right to health protection and medical care largely depends on the opportunity
to properly use the right to choose a doctor and medical organization. The norms of
the federal law regulate the procedure for choosing a doctor and a medical organization only
when providing medical care to a patient under the program of state guarantees of free provision
of medical care to patients. Therefore, when exercising the right to choose a medical organization
and a doctor under contracts for the provision of paid medical services within the
framework of compulsory medical insurance and within the framework of voluntary medical
insurance, patients may encounter practical problems. When providing paid medical services
under voluntary health insurance programs, the patient according to the rules has the right
to choose a doctor, taking into account his consent. The service of choosing a doctor under
contracts for the provision of paid medical services is considered as an additional service.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 17; Issue 2

value: medical care

value: voluntary medical insurance

value: medical organization

value: patient

value: the right to choose a doctor

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Noskov, Sergei N.

value: Mironenko, Olga V.

value: Yeremin, Gennady B.

value: Golovina, Elena G.

value: Stupishina, Olga M.

value: Fedorova, Ekaterina A.

value: Kargatova, Galina Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Noskov S. N., Mironenko O. V., Yeremin G. B., Golovina E. G., Stupishina O. M., Fedorova E. A., Kargatova G. Y. Assessment of the population health risk under the impact of climatic factors in the territory of St Petersburg. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2022, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 109–122. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2022.204

dc.description.abstract

value:
In recent years, climate change has been considered as one of the leading factors affecting
the health of the population, one of the conditions for the implementation of this concept
for specific risk factors in St Petersburg is the development and use of adequate methods.
In this work, as a methodological basis for assessing the state of health of the population,
taking into account climatic conditions, the methodology of MR 2.1.10.0057-12 “The state
of health of the population in connection with the state of the environment and living conditions
of the population. Assessing the risk and damage from climate change affecting the
increase in morbidity and mortality in high-risk population groups. Guidelines” was used.
The presence of statistically significant correlations between the effective air temperature
in St Petersburg and the primary incidence of diabetes mellitus in people older than working
age has been established (Spearman rank correlation coefficient –0.829, p = 0.042); primary
incidence of acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract in children
0–14 years old (Spearman rank correlation coefficient –0.886, p = 0.019); primary incidence
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in children 15–17 years (Spearman rank correlation
coefficient –0.943, р = 0.005). The presence of established direct and inverse statistically significant correlations can be explained logically based on modern ideas about the impact
of climatic parameters on human health, however, in this case, the logical connection
seems doubtful due to the highest deviation of the average annual air temperature from the
norm in 2020 and the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Therefore, a
decrease in morbidity (in the case of a negative correlation) can be explained by a reduction
in planned medical care.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: morbidity

value: population

value: public health risk assessment

value: climate

value: St Petersburg


dc.contributor.author

value: Gurianov, Marat I.

value: Yablonsky, Piotr K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gurianov M. I., Yablonsky P. K. Stationary fluctuations of organized activity of ventricular fibrillation of the canine heart. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2022, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 101–108. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2022.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the paper was to study fluctuations of organized activity of ventricular fibrillation
of the canine heart. To solve the aim we performed frequency-amplitude analysis of ventricular
electrogram during fibrillation using the Fast Fourier Transform at 30 frequencies in the
range of 0.5–15 Hz: 0.5, 1, 1.5, …, 15 Hz. Ventricular fibrillation was characterized by fluctuations
of organized activity as evidenced by fluctuations of frequency and amplitude of dominating
oscillations when analysing 1-second intervals of fibrillation. Fluctuations of organized
activity was maintained in stationary mode as evidenced by disappearance of fluctuations of
frequency and amplitude when averaging 1-second values of frequency and amplitude of oscillations
in the 3-minute intervals of fibrillation. Stationary fluctuations maintain stability of
organized structure of fibrillation during the 30-minute perfusion of the heart.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 17; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: ventricular fibrillation

value: stationary fluctuations of organized activity of ventricular fibrillation

value: Fast Fourier Transform

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Cherkasov, Sergey N.

value: Fedyaeva, Anna V.

value: Avsadzhanishvili, Vasily N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cherkasov S. N., Fedyaeva A. V., Avsadzhanishvili V. N. Mathematical modeling of demand population of older age groups in medical care provided in inpatients conditions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2022, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 132–140. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2022.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the study is to construct a model of the needs of the population of older age groups
in medical care provided in stationary conditions. Modeling was carried out on the basis of
data on cases of medical care in the period 2018–2019. Population of older age groups living
in the Moscow region. The probability of inpatient care was determined in each one-year age
interval, starting at age 60. When constructing the dynamic curve, 41 points were used. In
modeling, they adhered to the functional principle of describing age dynamics by an algebraic
function, which was determined by the least squares method (regression analysis). The quality
of the obtained models was evaluated by the value of the approximation coefficient. The
degree of influence of age on the dependent variable (the magnitude of the need for care) was
defined as the empirical correlation ratio during the variance analysis. The age dynamics of
the need for medical care provided in inpatient conditions as well as in the conditions of a day
hospital in the population of older age groups can be described using a second order parabola
with a negative first coefficient. It should be noted the similarity of modeling functions used
to describe the age dynamics of demanded volumes of medical care provided in outpatient
and inpatient settings. There were no significant gender differences in the modelling of age
dynamics of the need for medical care provided in a 24-hour hospital setting. The level of need
is higher in men in all age groups studied, which is the opposite result relative to the need for
outpatient care. The level of need for medical care provided in a day hospital setting is higher
in women in all age groups studied, which corresponds to the results obtained in the study of
the need for medical care provided in an outpatient setting.

dc.subject

value: planning

value: need for medical care

value: modeling

value: older age groups

value: age dynamics

value: health system


title: Features of pathology of mothers

dc.contributor.author

value: Shapovalova, Marina A.

value: Boyko, Yuri P.

value: Ugurchieva, Khyadi Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shapovalova M. A., Boiko Yu. P., Ugurchieva Kh. Yu. Features of pathology of mothers. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2022, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 141–149. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2022.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Within the framework of the “Concept of Demographic Policy of the Russian Federation for
the Period until 2025”, the state introduced a number of measures designed to influence the
birth rate towards its increase: monthly childcare allowance for non-working women, an increase in maternity allowance and monthly childcare allowance for working women, the introduction
of a birth certificate and tax benefits, preferential mortgage programs, an increase
in the duration of sick leave for childcare, etc. Assessing the measures of state support for
motherhood and childhood, measures aimed at increasing the birth rate, a systematic, dynamic
and promising analysis of the health status of women of childbearing age, actively participating
in childbearing, demographic indicators reflecting the socio-economic effectiveness of
national and federal programs, economic stability, national security are important. The health
indicators of women mothers who have given birth and accumulate many socio-economic
and organizational and medical factors serve as a medical assessment of the effectiveness of
the implementation and achievement of the targets of the specialized National Projects Health
and Demography of the Territory. In this regard, it is extremely necessary to calculate and
dynamically assess the incidence rates of pregnant women and maternity patients.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: women’s health

value: incidence of maternal women

dc.title

value: Features of pathology of mothers


dc.contributor.author

value: Varlamova, Julia A.

value: Podkorytova, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Varlamova, J. A. and Podkorytova, O. A. (2023) ‘Cross-country convergence of broadband Internet access’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (2), pp. 159–178. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Technology diffusion contributes to the technological and economic convergence of countries.
The rapid spread of Internet technologies creates bases to put forward a hypothesis about
the convergence of countries in terms of their level of penetration. The purpose of the study is to identify a trend towards convergence or divergence in both fixed and mobile broadband
for the countries of the world as a whole and for groups of countries identified on the basis
of the following criteria: geographical (by geographic macro-regions), economic (by national
income per capita), and institutional (according to membership in an international organization).
The data sources were the open data of the International Telecommunication Union.
The research methodology includes the construction of dynamic models on panel data to test
the hypothesis of the presence of unconditional beta convergence. In addition, the absolute
scale of the digital divide between groups of countries in terms of broadband Internet access
was estimated using a sigma convergence model. The results of the study indicate the presence
of beta convergence for both fixed and mobile broadband. This pattern is observed both for
the full sample of countries and for geographic regions, with the exception of Oceania. Also,
beta convergence is typical for groups of countries identified by the level of income per capita
and participation in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. At the
same time, the results of the study indicate a persistent digital divide between countries in
terms of Internet broadband penetration. The practical significance includes recommendations
developed on the basis of the research findings, aimed at implementing a strategy for
accelerated technological development in order to stimulate the spread of mobile broadband
access and expand the telecommunications infrastructure.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 23-28-01290. URL: https://
rscf.ru/project/23-28-01290/

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: digital convergence

value: broadband

value: ICT diffusion

value: data infrastructure

value: mobile broadband

value: fixed broadband

value: beta convergence

value: telecommunications infrastructure

dc.type

value: Article