dc.contributor.author

value: DOMANOV, OLEG

dc.identifier.citation

value: DOMANOV O. MARTIN-LÖF’S TYPE THEORY: BETWEEN PHENOMENOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 33–56.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Martin-Löf ’s type theory stems simultaneously from Frege and Russell’s logic-ontological ideas and
Husserl’s phenomenology. The article examines this intermediate status of type theory using as examples
Martin-Löf ’s syntactical-semantic method and the role of evidence and canonical objects in his
approach. Martin-Löf borrows the syntactical-semantic method from Frege and extends it drawing on
Husserl’s theory of meaning. In type theory this method leads to the identity (isomorphism) of syntax
and semantics (formal logic and formal ontology). Unlike traditional formal logic the type theory is
an interpreted system from the very beginning. Being intuitionistic, Martin-Löf ’s theory is based on
the notion of proof, not truth. From the meaning theory point of view, it is a variant of proof-theoretic
semantics (Gentzen, Prawitz, Dummett) which understands meaning as an object constructed according
to certain rules. So understood, the proof is based on evidence, which allows us to associate it with
the theory of intentionality by Husserl. The article compares Martin-Löf ’s type theory with Husserl’s
intentionality theory, especially with the latter’s noematic component. We may consider type-theoretical
rules for constructing objects and operating with them as a concretization and formalization of the
phenomenological notion of noema. Both are explications of the more general concept of meaning.
The article discusses the interrelation between notions of sense and meaning (Sinn, Bedeutung) in
Frege, Husserl and Martin-Löf. This reveals the uncertainty of Martin-Löf ’s position in relation to
meaning theories of Frege and Husserl.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: type theory

value: phenomenology

value: analytic philosophy

value: formal semantics

value: Martin-Löf

value: meaning

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: DRAGALINA-CHERNAYA, ELENA

dc.identifier.citation

value: DRAGALINA-CHERNAYA E. THE VARIETY OF INVARIANCE IN FORMAL AND REGIONAL ONTOLOGIES. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 15–32.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper examines the invariance principles proposed by the analytical and phenomenological traditions
for demarcating the boundaries of formal and regional ontologies. The principle of invariance
with respect to isomorphic transformations, generalizing Alfred Tarski’s criterion for logical concepts,
is extended to formal ontology as the theory of manifolds in its phenomenological interpretation. Isomorphism
types, which are abstract individuals of the highest order, hypostases of forms of all possible
ontologies, are considered as model-theoretical analogs of manifolds. The correlativity of the phenomenological
principles of demarcation of ontological regions and the criterion of invariance with respect
to isomorphic transformations is demonstrated, leading to the convergence of logic and formal
mathematics in both traditions and, at the same time, to the exclusion of geometry from formal ontology.
Particular attention is paid to the discussion of the analytical and phenomenological traditions
of the synthetic (material) a priori and the contribution that Wittgenstein’s doctrine on internal relations
at different stages of its evolution makes to this discussion. The paper reveals the basis for later
Wittgenstein’s criticism of his earlier project of creating a phenomenological language for expressing
internal regional relations (such as the colours exclusion). The paper shows how Wittgenstein’s doubts
about the possibility of an ideal notation based on the dichotomy of the logical and phenomenological
led him to the study of invariants arising in language games. These invariants are not determined by
the special properties of the categorical objects of formal ontology or the structures of regional subject
matter, but are stable equilibria generated by the “consensus of actions.” New perspectives are outlined
that are opened for logic and phenomenology by switching focus from the invariants of ontological
structures to the invariants of structured interactions of various agents.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the project “International academic cooperation”
HSE University.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: invariance

value: formal ontology

value: regional ontology

value: manifold

value: isomorphism

value: internal relation

value: language game

filename: 02_Драгалина-Черная-15-32.pdf

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Kirilina, Elizaveta Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kirilina E. Yu. The Russian Federation as an object of foreign policy analysis of modern Germany. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 73–85. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The relevance of the study is due to the increasing role of the information factor in modern conditions.
The amount of information is rapidly increasing, military methods of warfare have given way
to information warfare, and even more countries are including ensuring information security in the list of national interests in their strategy. The article emphasizes that Germany is no exception: the
country has an established, developed system of information and analytical support for decision
makers, which consists of several elements: private, controlled analytical structures and party funds.
The author notes that the research topics of information and analytical centers are devoted to various
current areas of foreign policy. One of the main priorities of information and analytical reports at the
present stage is the Russian Federation. The article identifies the main areas of research in Russia:
military operation in Ukraine, the energy crisis, the current state of security policy, internal problems
of Russian society, Russia’s relations with other actors in the international arena. The significance
of the scientific article is in the need to take into account the results of the work of information and
analytical centers of Germany when forming Russia’s foreign policy in the German direction.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 20; Issue 1

value: information and analytical support

value: party funds

value: Germany

value: foreign policy

value: priority

value: Russian Federation

dc.title

filename: 06_Кирилина.pdf


title: THE LOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PATHS OF PHENOMENOLOGY. ADALBERTO GARCÍA DE MENDOZA’S AND FRANCISCO LARROYO’S FORAYS

dc.contributor.author

value: MÉNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, JORGE LUIS

dc.identifier.citation

value: MÉNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ J. L. THE LOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PATHS OF PHENOMENOLOGY. ADALBERTO GARCIA DE MENDOZA’S AND FRANCISCO LARROYO’S FORAYS. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 241–262.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper addresses the relationship between logic and phenomenology at a historical moment that
precedes the big divide between analytic philosophy and phenomenology. In analysing alternative derivations
of phenomenological logic, the discussion focuses on the case of two notorious neo-Kantian
Mexican philosophers from the first half of the XXth century: Adalberto García de Mendoza and Francisco
Larroyo. It is argued that both García de Mendoza and Larroyo made an original contribution
to the discussion on the relationship between phenomenology and logic. Further, this paper attempts
to present a charitable portrait of both García de Mendoza and Larroyo in contrast to underrating approaches
to both Mexican philosophers. In so doing, this paper adopts a historical—thought not strictly
biographical— perspective. While it is true that neither García de Mendoza nor Larroyo could be
considered “phenomenologists” or “Husserl scholars” according to contemporary standards it is worth
noticing that they engage in the discussion of phenomenological logic. Both authors had the project of
developing a grounding logic for science and, as the article argues, both attempts could be even linked.
Their project, however, was unfinished. The plan of this paper is as follows. The first section addresses
the problem of the relationship between logic and phenomenology. The second one focuses on García de Mendoza’s contributions. The third one elaborates on Larroyo’s Logic of Sciences. And, finally, the
fourth section elaborates on these Mexican philosophers’ contributions to education, making as well
further observations concerning the similarities and differences between both authors.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This paper was written with the support of the “Basic Research Program” of the HSE University.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Adalberto García de Mendoza

value: Francisco Larroyo

value: phenomenological logic

value: pedagogical phenomenology

value: Mexican phenomenology

value: contribution to education

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kurochkin, Alexander V.

value: Morozova, Svetlana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kurochkin A. V., Morozova S. S. Digital colonization as a threat to national security. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 64–72. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Today, digital transformation is one of the national goals of all developed and developing countries
of the world. At the same time, mass digitalization also reveals negative consequences,
which include the digital divide, the transformation of labor markets, the technocratization of
the social and political spheres, etc., which largely stimulate the process of colonization coming
from leading IT corporations and countries claiming the status of digital empires. In this
vein, new tasks arise for states to ensure national security, due to the need to form sustainable
digital sovereignty. This article is aimed at identifying the specifics, main problems and consequences
of digital colonialization. The authors pay special attention to the US colonial policy in
the context of understanding the phenomenon of digital empires; conceptual understanding
of “digital sovereignty”; the risks of the digital age. The key research questions of the work
are the following: What challenges does ultra-fast digitalization entail? How is the digital colonial
policy formed and implemented? What are the main problems of digital colonialism? How
to form and maintain sustainable digital state sovereignty? The significance of the presented
study lies in the combination of theoretical approaches and real political practice, which makes
it possible to characterize the whole variety of processes and effects of digital colonialization.
In conclusion, the authors discuss the possibilities of import substitution in this area, and also
offer practical recommendations for the implementation of the import substitution policy in
modern Russia, emphasizing the need for a balanced development of the regulatory, legal,
technological, competence, political, economic and managerial components of national digital
sovereignty.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation
(project no. 22-78-10049 “The state and the citizen in the new digital reality”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 20; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: digitalization

value: information society

value: digital colonialism

value: digital empire

value: digital sovereignty

value: digital divide

dc.title

filename: 05_Курочкин,+Морозова.pdf


title: THE QUESTION OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

dc.contributor.author

value: MENSCH, JAMES

dc.identifier.citation

value: MENSCH J. THE QUESTION OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 263–279.

dc.description.abstract

value:
That Americans face a crisis in representative democracy is a matter of common knowledge. It is daily
demonstrated by the paralysis of Congress to pass important legislation. Carl Schmitt, writing during
a period of similar paralysis in the Weimar Republic, argued that the crisis is inherent in the very
notion of parliamentary or representative democracy. While the parliamentary principle emphasizes
contending parties and reasoned debates, the democratic principle is one of unification, one where the
outvoted minority submits to the majority. Doing so, the minority “know that they have mistaken the
content of the general will,” which is, inherently, unitary. This leads to the fact that democracy can,
following its principles, suspend itself. Thus, the members of the Reichstag who passed the Enabling
Act on March 23, 1933 could say that this Act suspending parliament expressed the general will. Rule
by decree rather than through parliament was, they could claim, the choice of the popular will. After
examining Schmitt’s position, this article considers Arendt’s response, which involves a unique definition
of political thinking. In her view, this involves the politics of public space and of public identities
established by public actions. As such, it involves negotiation, compromise, and, most importantly, promises made and kept. The paper concludes by considering what it would take to overcome the current
crisis in representative democracy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research for this article was supported by a grant from the Faculty of Humanities, Charles University.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: democratic theory

value: general will

value: liberalism

value: legitimacy

value: deliberation

value: promising

value: the political

value: Schmitt

value: Arendt

value: THE QUESTION OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY


title: INTRODUCTION

dc.contributor.author

value: ROGONYAN, GARRIS

dc.identifier.citation

value: ROGONYAN G. INTRODUCTION. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 9–14.

dc.description.abstract

value: INTRODUCTION

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: GASPARYAN, DIANA

dc.identifier.citation

value: GASPARYAN D. NATIVISM, TRANSCENDENTALISM AND PHENOMENOLOGY: REVISITING THE NON-PLACEMENT OF THE SOURCE OF PHENOMENAL EXPERIENCE IN THE WORLD. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 150–176.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Nativism as a theory that interprets certain abilities and ideas as innate [The contexts we will consider
prefer to speak precisely of innateness in the sense of New European philosophical discussions and avoid
the notion of “a priori”/“a posteriori”, respectively, and we will stick to this terminological pair.], is considered
by some contemporary philosophers as an echo of outdated philosophical approaches. Critics for the
most part reproach it for being unscientific and metaphysical. In one of its most extreme forms, nativism
is accused of mysticism and lack of evidence. At the same time, a number of very authoritative thinkers
openly call themselves nativists and defend this trend in philosophy, cognitive sciences, linguistics and
other fields of knowledge (Chomsky, McGinn, Lawrence and Margolis). The main aim of this paper is
to analyse the contemporary polemic between empiricists and nativists. It will be shown that the main
polemical knot around which the debate unfolds can be easily untied through a transcendentalist interpretation
of nativism. In particular, an appeal to phenomenology can help to notice the importance of the
idea of the non-essentiality of the source of experience to experience. Phenomenology, which preserves
the idea of this non-essentiality, has in mind a radical break with the ontology of natural objects, and will
not, in particular, deduce innate knowledge from evolutionary mechanisms, nor will it place it within the
biological structure of organisms (e.g., the brain or the neural processes in it). It remains to be shown that
most of the positions and refutations of modern nativism are based on a misunderstanding of the classical
“overcoming” of the dispute between empiricism and rationalism by transcendentalism and transcendental
phenomenology, as well as the requirement of transcendentalism and transcendental phenomenology
not to place the source of experience in the same world in which we locate experience itself. The study is
to consider what the modern nativist view must look like in its transcendentalist interpretation in order
to be a worthy opponent to modern empiricism.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: nativism

value: empiricism

value: innate knowledge

value: naturalism

value: transcendentalism

value: argument from poverty of stimulus

value: argument from certainty

value: generative linguistics

value: innate grammar


dc.contributor.author

value: ONEGIN, ILIA

dc.identifier.citation

value: ONEGIN I. NORM, ONTOLOGY, CONCEPTUAL SCHEME: NORMATIVE HEIDEGGERIANISM IN PHILOSOPHICAL AND HISTORICAL CONSIDERATION. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 177–206.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article reconstructs the normative strategy of interpretation of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time
in modern analytical philosophy, and also proposes a theoretical framework for understanding this
strategy as a historical phenomenon. The article describes the development of the normative direction
in the interpretation of Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. Its first branch—the socio-normative, or
the neopragmatist one—is associated with such philosophers as John Haugeland and Robert Brandom.
The second one—the ethico-normative, or postneopragmatist one—branch is represented by Steven
Crowell and Sacha Golob. It is shown that the first group of normativists focused mainly on implicit
social norms and structures of conformity, while the second—focuses primarily on Kantian ethics and
Christina Korsgaard’s interpretation of Kant, as well as on the inferentialist philosophy of language of
Robert Brandom. The conceptual schemes used by each of the representatives of these approaches are
reconstructed. The connections of different approaches within the framework of the normative direction
with each other are shown. The concept of a relay race is proposed, which can describe normative
Heideggerianism as a historical phenomenon. It is shown that the development of normative Heideggerianism
can be characterized as theoretical progress in relation to the accuracy of the interpretation
of Heidegger’s texts. The grounds for the comparative “progressiveness” of different normative
approaches in the updates of the basic normative conceptual scheme that they involve are clarified. It
is also shown that the progress of the normative conceptual scheme in the direction of flexibility and
adaptation to Heidegger’s text is fraught with a loss of meaningfulness of the very concept of norm. It
is argued that the concept of norm, despite the loss of its empirical content, can be used to translate
Heidegger’s concepts for pragmatic reasons.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Martin Heidegger

value: normative interpretation

value: neopragmatism

value: norm

value: commitment

value: practical identity

value: constitutive standard

value: relay race

value: conceptual scheme


dc.contributor.author

value: GUSEV, ALEXANDER

dc.identifier.citation

value: GUSEV A. JUSTIFICATION OF PERCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE: REPRESENTATIONALISM AND DIRECT REALISM. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 129–149.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper examines two of the most influential approaches to the problem of the justification of perceptual
knowledge: representationalism and direct realism, taken in a version of epistemological disjunctivism.
The problem itself can be represented as the need to demonstrate that there is a logical
connection between a statement about the perception of a certain fact, p, and a statement about the
knowledge of p. The article notes that both approaches face the problem of “the silence of the senses.”
This problem was pointed out by Ch. Travis, who tried to show that the content of sensory experience
is not propositional; senses themselves do not tell us what fact we are dealing with when perceptually
interacting with the world. The first part of the article reconstructs the argument from looks that
Travis proposed to criticize representationalism. This part demonstrates that we cannot accept representationalism
as an approach in the philosophy of perception that successfully overcomes the shortcomings
of sense data theory. The main drawback of this theory was its adherence to the myth of the
given—the idea that in perceptual experience we are dealing with non-propositional, non-conceptual
“raw” data. The second part of the paper notes that Travis’s argument can also be directed against
such a version of direct realism as epistemological disjunctivism, since according to representatives of this theory, the content of veridical perceptual experience, being identical with the perceived state
of affairs, is propositional. This part also analyzes the response to Travis from such a representative of
this theory as J. McDowell. While McDowell rejects propositionalism, he nevertheless insists that the
content of perceptual experience must be regarded as conceptual. It allows us to avoid the myth of the
given. In conclusion, criticism of McDowell’s approach from the phenomenological position taken by
H. Dreyfus is discussed, and it is noted that McDowell’s conceptualism is quite compatible with both
phenomenology and enactivism. The enactivist understanding of perception that we find in McDowell
leads us to accept the enactivist account of perceptual knowledge, where the foundation of knowledge
is action, i.e. something epistemically groundless.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-28-00862,
https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-00862/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: epistemology

value: perception

value: perceptual knowledge

value: justification

value: representationalism

value: epistemological disjunctivism

value: enactivism

value: phenomenology

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: BELOUSOV, MIKHAIL

dc.identifier.citation

value: BELOUSOV M. TRANSCENDENTALISM, NATURALISM AND ONTOLOGY. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 115–128.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The opposition between transcendentalism and naturalism plays a key role in discussions about
consciousness
at the confluence of phenomenology and analytical philosophy. Associated with it is
a whole range of research programs. However, the opposition between transcendentalism and naturalism
in these programs is, as a rule, operational and not thematic in nature and presupposes that
1) Transcendentalism and naturalism as traditions are initially alien to each other; 2) The domain of
their opposition is ontology. The article attempts to problematize these premises based on one historical
circumstance. Turning to the texts of Kant, the founder of transcendental philosophy, I intend to
show that transcendentalism, which was first substantiated in them, is a version of naturalistic ontology,
that is, a peculiarly interpreted naturalism that identifies nature with its natural scientific model
and excludes constituting subjectivity from ontology. It is built not on the naturalization of phenomenology,
but on the transcendentalization of natural science. Reinterpreting the experimental method
in the spirit of the Copernican turn, Kant substantiates the apodictic nature and lack of alternative
to the ontology of nature by turning nature into a correlate of consciousness and strictly limiting the
principles of mathematical natural science to the boundaries of the phenomenal world. As a result, the
true theme of philosophy—the thing in itself and transcendental subjectivity itself—is taken beyond
the boundaries of ontology. The thematization of the naturalistic origins of transcendentalism and
the removal of transcendental consciousness beyond the boundaries of ontology, carried out within
its framework, thus reveals the problematic nature of these premises. The article also demonstrates
that, despite significant differences in the understanding of transcendental philosophy and ontology
between Kant and Husserl, the identified motives—the naturalistic nature of the ontological foundation
and the meta-ontological character of transcendental subjectivity—remain of fundamental
importance for the founder of phenomenology. This allows us to conclude that ontology is not the original domain of confrontation between transcendentalism and naturalism and to substantiate the
compatibilist thesis according to which transcendentalism is compatible with ontological naturalism.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation, project No. 23-18-00802 “World,
language, reality: European and Russian philosophy in the conceptual and terminological dimension”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: transcendentalism

value: naturalism

value: ontology

value: subjectivity

value: Kant

value: Husserl


dc.contributor.author

value: Danilov, Alexandr N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Danilov A. N. Cultural diversity in the global ethno-political space. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 86–94. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The modern world is faced with global instability, adaptation to which has become a motive for the
transition to a new model of civilizational development. The key point of this model is the preservation
of the entire cultural diversity of the world through a real mutually equal dialogue of cultures,
taking into account the ethno-cultural diversity and national characteristics of peoples. The collapse
of the USSR gave rise to a “fever of ethnocracy”, the desire of the new government to oust
all representatives of foreign-speaking ethnic groups from the country at any cost, especially from
the administration, education, ideology and spiritual life, the armed forces and law enforcement
agencies, even regardless of their level of competence. The ongoing processes of systemic transformation
were accompanied by a political, economic social and cultural crisis, which required
national-state self-determination. It was necessary to quickly decide on filling the specific content
of national sovereignty, decide on the Basic Law, deal with the “blank spots” of Belarusian history,
decide what the essence of the Belarusian national idea, Belarusian identity is, how to live on, with
whom to be friends, what model of development to follow. In the context of such dynamic changes
and global challenges, finding an opportunity to protect traditional cultural values means protecting
the national interests of your country. National identity is instilled and fixed in the cultural code
of a citizen of a country that he wants to be proud of and accepts as his only homeland. People
are led into the future by ideals associated with the dream of a fair society with ensuring stability
and the hope of returning to national traditions. The Republic of Belarus is located in the border
zone between two civilizational models of development, Western and Russian. Belarus received
from each of them some features, which together formed a kind of cultural and historical unity,
at the same time similar and unlike these civilizations. The rooting of the Belarusian statehood is characterized by the fact that the “European” component of the Belarusian identity is strengthened
in comparison with its “Soviet” part. The formation of the national and civic consciousness
of young people is quite contradictory and ambiguous. This is largely due to a certain deprivation
of youth of “historical memory”, the presence of “blank spots” in the history of the post-Soviet
countries, and the inconsistency of the formation of a new statehood. The claims of any culture
to the exclusive universal significance are counterproductive in this situation. Modern globalism
is dangerous because it tries to instill in the consciousness the idea of the universal significance
of only European culture.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 20; Issue 1

value: global instability

value: cultural diversity

value: dialogue of cultures

value: traditional values

value: cultural code

dc.title

filename: 07_Данилов.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: PATKUL, ANDREI

dc.identifier.citation

value: PATKUL A. DALE JACQUETTE ALEXIUS MEINONG, THE SHEPHERD OF NON-BEING. Moscow: Kanon + ROOI “Reabilitatsiia”, 2023. ISBN 978-5-88373-782-3. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 280–289.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In my review, I evaluate the first translation of Dale Jacquette’s book entitled Alexius Meinong, The
Shepherd of Non-Being into Russian. First of all, I point out the relevance of the publication of this
translation. It is conditioned, in my view, by the fact that the person of Alexius Meinong—one of the
important representatives of the school of Franz Brentano—still remains undeservedly forgotten and
not enough studied in both domestic and foreign history of philosophy. At the same time, studying the
legacy of Meinong could shed the light on the peculiarity of the processes that took place in European
philosophy at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, as well as show the common sources of such divergent
directions in modern philosophy as analytical philosophy and phenomenology. Moreover, philosophy
of Meinong could discover some perspectives for modern thought that other philosophers of the past
cannot indicate. All these points, in my opinion, are taken into account in Jacquette’s monograph. The
advantage of his research is that he reconstructs the philosophy of Meinong, his theory of objects in
a very broad historical and philosophical context of both phenomenological (F. Brentano, E. Husserl)
and analytical (B. Russell, W. V. O. Quine, D. K. Lewis, S. Kripke) traditions. Systematically, the center of
Meinong’s theory of objects is the doctrine of so-called Außersein of the objects, which can be considered
not only as existing, but as not yet existing, no longer existing and even impossible. As conclusion,
I criticize the translations of some of Meinong/Jacquette terms used in the monograph under review.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Alexius Meinong

value: theory of objects

value: intentional objects

value: Außersein

value: intensionalism

value: extensionalism

value: extra-ontology

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: NUCCILLI, DANIELE

dc.identifier.citation

value: NUCCILLI D. HUSSERL, AJDUKIEWICZ, AND BLAUSTEIN ON MEANING. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 95–114.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of this article is to investigate the reception of Husserl’s theory of meaning by Ajdukiewicz
and Blaustein, two members of the analytically-oriented Lvov-Warsaw School, who, in different ways,
were attracted to and confronted with Husserl’s phenomenology. The discussed hypothesis is that
Ajdukiewicz’s interpretation of Logical Investigations, and his original theory of meaning influenced
both Blaustein’s critical reading of Husserl’s theory of intentionality and his account of meaning-intention.
After outlining the central elements of “First Logical Investigation” the paper shows how it
is interpreted by Ajdukiewicz in his Lvov lectures on logic and in his directival theory of meaning.
What emerges is a psychological-descriptive interpretation of Husserl’s concept of meaning, and a
reconsideration of his theory of intentionality within the inferential structure of beliefs in premises
that motivates a person who speaks a language to believe in conclusions of a certain form. This leads
Ajdukiewicz to his own original conventionalist account of meaning which is based on the identification
of three main directives of meaning that represent the matrix of a given language, i.e., the grid
in which each meaning finds its place. These elements allow one to demonstrate how Ajdukiewicz’s
interpretation resonates in Blaustein’s critique of Husserl in his early writings, where, in addition
to a psychological-descriptive reading of phenomenology we also find a conventionalist conception of meaning acts and signitive presentations. According to Blaustein, a sign can represent an object
only through the conventions arising from the directives of meaning that belong to a given natural
language.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article presents a part of results of the research project on “The Philosophy of Leopold Blaustein
in Contexts: Brentano, Gestalt Psychology, Lvov–Warsaw School and Early Phenomenology” financed
by the National Science Centre, Poland in the SONATA BIS program (No. 2021/42/E/
HS1/00108).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Husserl

value: Ajdukiewicz

value: Blaustein

value: Meaning

value: Phenomenology

value: Intentionality

value: Directival Theory of Meaning

value: Lvov–Warsaw School


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikiforov, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikiforov A. A. Principles of ethno-federalism and relations of autochthonous peoples with resource-extracting companies in Russia and Canada. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 105–111. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.109 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The issues of the study of ethnic federations are largely connected with the discussion of the
question on integrative mechanisms and stability of this kind of federalism. The presented publication
looks at the problem from the other side. The issue of interrelation of the rights of the
indigenous population and mining companies in the context of ethical federalism in Russia and
Canada is taken as a basis. For this purpose, the regulatory framework, institutional mechanisms
and the practice of resolving relevant local conflicts are being considered. The assessment of the
paradigm of corporate social responsibility “social license to operate” is given also in this context.
As a result, the conclusion is made about the peculiarities of the influence of ethnic federalism on
the relations of indigenous population with mining companies; separate factors influencing this
are identified. At the same time, in Russia and Canada, the rights of autochthonous groups in
their territories are still in the process of institutionalization, both due to the very slow recognition of legal rights over the land use in the case of autochthonous communities in Canada, and due to
continuing restrictions by federal authorities or legislation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, project
RSF_SRG_2023 — 1 no. 23-28-00360 "Ethnic federalism as a mode of national self-determination:
comparative analysis".

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 20; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: ethnic federalism

value: indigenous people

value: mining

value: conflicts

value: law and rights

dc.title

filename: 09_Никифоров.pdf


dc.identifier.citation

value: CALL FOR PROPOSAL. HORIZONS BEYOND BORDERS: ESSAYS ON THE LEGACY OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN 1945–1989. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2024, vol. 13 issue 1, pp. 290–292

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikovskaya, Larissa I.

value: Yakimets, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikovskaya L. I., Yakimets V. V. Municipal public policy in the context of local government reform. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 4–22. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents an analysis of the main novelties of the reorganization of local self-government
related to the proposed draft law no. 40361-8 “On the general principles of the organization
of local self-government in a unified system of public power” through the prism of the phenomenon
of public policy. The latter is a framework concept related to the civil competencies of state/
municipal management, the quality and level of public activity of civil society, which allows influencing the adoption of socially significant decisions. Municipal public policy is more based on the
use of tools of intersectoral social partnership, which contributes to building a public dialogue of
all active parties of the local community and the formation of an “agenda”. The reform proposed
by the bill “centralizes” local self-government, significantly changing the principles of its territorial
and organizational structure, enlarging municipalities by abolishing the settlement level. The
multilayered concept of municipal public policy allows us to judge the optimal ratio of political and
administrative properties of state and municipal authorities, combining administrative regulation
and the use of forms of public participation of the population. From the point of view of the interests
of the development of civil self-organization and “grassroots” public initiatives, the desire to
make local self-government bodies the lower level of state power through the concept of “unity of
public power” is undoubtedly alarming, which can lead to its administratization, affect the quality
of the implementation of the principles of municipal public policy, reduce the opportunities for the
subjective formation of an increasingly complex society.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project no. 123091900007-6
“Municipal Public Policy in Russia — 2023: opportunities for building local partner institutions and
mechanisms within a single public authority”. The project is being implemented at the Institute of
Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of
Sciences following the selection of scientific projects supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher
Education of the Russian Federation and the Expert Institute for Social Research.

dc.subject

value: local self-government

value: municipal public policy

value: reform

value: bill

value: settlement

value: powers

value: vertical of power

value: public power

value: public interests

dc.title

filename: 01_Никовская,+Якимец.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Radikov, Ivan V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Radikov I. V. Civil unity of Russians as a factor in strengthening national security. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 122–137. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author proceeds from the fact that civil unity is the most important condition for the realization
of constitutional rights and freedoms of a citizen, the achievement of civil peace and harmony
in the country, ensuring sovereignty, independence and state integrity. The content of the
term “civic unity of Russians” in the article refers to the solidarity, practical and ideological support
of the constitutional status and the general strategic course of the state for its further democratic,
socio-political, economic and cultural development formed in the Russian Federation,
in its specific regions and settlements, and approved by the population. The degree of formation
of civic unity is dynamic: it increases under the influence of external (or internal) challenges,
determinants of cultural order (traditions, education, science, media) and decreases under the
pressure of negative phenomena of endogenous nature. The research materials confirm that
the importance of national unity naturally increases with the emergence of existential threats.
The dynamics of the process of forming civic unity is determined by a person’s ideas about
society, about his place in it, about social norms and practices. The unity of citizens cannot be
achieved by violence, but it is also impossible to provide it to citizens for whom material values,
their own “I” become a priority. The degree of development of civil unity significantly depends
on mutual understanding and mutual trust of citizens to the authorities and the authorities to the
citizens. The article analyzes the reasons that reduce the level of civic unity. It is concluded that
the civic unity of Russians is not only a factor in strengthening national security, but also its kind
of indicator. The driver of the growth of unity of Russian citizens was the special military operation
of Russia in Ukraine. It contributed to the cohesion and consolidation of Russian society.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 20; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: civil unity

value: consent

value: solidarity

value: trust

value: degree of civil unity

value: national security

filename: 11_Радиков.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, Dеnis Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov D. Yu. Political activity and voters’ trust in the digitalization of the electoral process. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 45–63. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The role of the state in the formation of trust institutions is undeniable, but in practice we have to
face a number of difficulties. The introduction of new mechanisms and tools for electronic voting
leads to the transformation of familiar algorithms in the electoral system. These changes inevitably
affect all participants in the electoral process. This study is the result of a long discussion
among many scholars and practitioners about the impact of electronic voting on voters’ political
engagement and trust in the voting process. The purpose of the study is to analyze the indicators
of political activity (turnout) of voters as one of the criteria of the level of their confidence in modern
technical means of counting votes — ballot processing complexes (BPCs). The object of the
study is the electoral system of the Leningrad region in the context of electoral campaigns from
2014 to 2020, grouped by level: federal, regional and local elections. The main method is content
analysis of scientific publications and mass media, normative analysis of legal acts, subsequent
comparative and cross-system analysis of the information obtained. The experience of using
BPCs presented in the article can be assessed both positively and negatively. The practice of
using means of fixed electronic voting demonstrates a positive trend and opens a wide space for
further digitalization of the electoral process, especially given the high “digital readiness” of the
Russian population. A regularity was observed in the decrease of voter turnout at polling stations
where BPCs were used for the first time. With further operation, the situation evens out due to the
“habituation” of participants in the electoral process to the digital formats of elections. Because
of the low overall level of trust in the institution of elections, any innovation in the electoral system
leads to significant changes in routine processes and requires careful study and time for gradual
implementation and adaptation.

value: political activity

value: turnout

value: voters

value: BPC

value: elections

value: e-voting

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sunami, Artem N.

value: Pavlova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sunami A. N., Pavlova E. V. The moral foundations of the politics under conditions of digital society flexibility: If human values no longer matter (Part 1). Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 33–44. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The main goal of the presented study is to analyze the features of the transformation of the moral
foundations of politics in the digital society conditions. The authors start from the classical ideas
about the moral foundations of politics as a multi-level complex that constitutes identity and provides
legitimization of power and includes conceptual and theoretical ideologies developed by political
philosophy, value-colored party-political programs for achieving goals, reflected in the mass
consciousness of ideology-feelings. Modern digital society conceptions by M. Castells, T. Redshaw, M. Chayko, J. Wajcman and N. Dodd are used as the main theoretical tool for revising the
transformation of the moral foundations of politics in the context of digitalization. The elasticity of
a digital society is seen as the ability of a new technological paradigm characterized by permanent
innovation and fluidity to modify institutions and systems by reconfiguration their components in a
way that does not lead to the destruction of the basic organizational structure. The impact of the
elasticity of the digital society on the moral foundations of politics is revealed through the lens of
the increasing mosaic of discursive images of the political system elements and the displacement
to the periphery political phenomena with a rigid value-normative structure. It concludes that in
the conditions of a digital society, a complex set of moral foundations of politics has a pronounced
tendency to collapse to the limits of the most actualized forms of manifestation of values in the
form of ideologies-feelings of mass consciousness, while higher levels of values naturally atrophy
due to the impossibility of meaningful interaction with the speed of the political process in the
conditions of digitalization.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the grant no. 23-28-00220 funded by the Russian Science
Foundation, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00220/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 20; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: policy

value: morality

value: digital society

value: political ethics

value: human values

value: mosaic culture

dc.title

filename: 03_Сунами,+Павлова.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Kulakova, Tatiana A.

value: Sokolov, Alexey M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kulakova T. A., Sokolov A. M. Two words about the principle of Russian Statebuilding: Derzhava or empire. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 112–121. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the problem of the correlation of the words-concepts “empire” and
“power” in the context of the ideological foundation of Russian state-building. The authors proceed from the fact that the national language is a universal form and an integral result of the
cumulative activity carried out by the community of people speaking it and thinking through it.
The word-concept is the primary element of language-thinking. Its content gradually includes,
with a greater or lesser degree of intensity, the entire experience of people’s activities. Constant
words-concepts that define the semantic horizon of language-thinking are of the highest interest.
The substitution of constant elements entails a violation of the stability of the ideological system
as a whole. “Empire” and “power” are considered by the authors as semantically conditionally
oppositional words-concepts due to their different (on the one hand, Western, on the other —
Russian) cultural and historical genealogy. Turning to the historical material, the authors reveal the
fundamental differences in the semantic content of the words-concepts “empire” and “power”,
revealing the features of the civilizational strategies of the West and Russia. The article emphasizes
that metaphysically, the intuition of empire presupposes war as a seizure, appropriation, domination
on the basis of political organization. At the same time, the New European, i. e. bourgeois
interpretation of the empire, the seizure unfolds in the modality of colonialism, appropriation — in
the modality of alienation, domination — in the modality of exploitation. Sovereignty as a principle
of political organization unfolds in the modalities of donation, consular service, economic development,
in which the essence of each element of the objective world is fulfilled, i. e., the essence
of each element of the objective world is fully realized.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation
(Grant of the Russian Academy of Sciences no. 22-28-00779 “Sovereignty and sovereignty: logic
and antinomies of global civilization”).

dc.subject

value: empire

value: power

value: language

value: national identity

value: civilizational strategy

value: state building

filename: 10_Кулакова,+Соколов.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Abalian, Anna I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abalian A. I. Sonderfall Schweiz: Willensnation (nation by will) or multicultural polity. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 95–104. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the origins of Swiss statehood, regarded through the prism
of the political and cultural nation concepts. It traces the main stages of the Old Confederation,
features of the formation of unique public institutions, such as direct democracy, communalism,
eternal neutrality. Special attention is paid to the linguistic factor in the political life of the country
and its conflict potential. The author concludes that the cumulative effect of consociational democracy
and cross-cutting cleavages, together with institutionalized quadrilingualism, reduces
the probability of ethno-political conflicts. Advocating the concept of “nation by will” (Willensnation)
as the main source of Swiss statehood, the author appeals to such factors as the peculiarities of the historical development of the country and its geographical position in the environment of
European absolutist regimes, direct democracy, “cantonization”, religious landscape, high level of
literacy of the population, contributed to social communication, economic modernization, system
of “linguistic harmony” (Sprachfrieden). In conclusion, it is argued that in the late 19th century on
the basis of civil identity, the cultural national consciousness was gradually formed under the influence
of the state patriotic discourse, which united a complex of myths, symbols and narratives
with the institutions of the Confederation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation grant
RSF_SRG_2023 — 1 no. 23-28-00360 “Ethnic Federalism as a model of national self-determination:
a comparative analysis”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 20; Issue 1

value: Switzerland

value: political nation

value: Willensnation

value: identity

value: nation-building

value: quadrilingualism

value: direct democracy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Aleinikov, Andrei V.

value: Maltseva, Daria A.

value: Safonova, Olga D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aleinikov A. V., Maltseva D. A., Safonova O. D. Transformation of political and administrative coordination strategies in the structure of public risk management. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2024, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 23–32. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2024.102

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article problematizes a range of issues related to the transformation of coordination relations
in the structure of public administration when making decisions under conditions of uncertainty.
The main substantive objective of the study is to analyze the conceptual model of
strategies and political-administrative coordination mechanisms of interaction in risk situations,
the features of management influences that ensure enhanced functionality of prevention and
distribution of threats, especially in the context of digitalization. The research methodology is
based on classical and modern concepts of public management, risk and its perception, and
theories of political coordination of various forms of algorithmic threat management. The article
argues that coordination in the structure of public administration is a political form of coordination
and correction of political interests, rules of interaction between producers and consumers
of risks, their beneficiaries and those most exposed to risks. The article proves that political and
administrative coordination in the field of risk management is aimed at minimizing the results of
conflicts of interest, deformation of the perception of threats and dangers into riskophobia or
riskophilia. The authors argue that government monopolization of the right to information about
risks reduces the possibilities for joint coordination and the effectiveness of political strategies
to address threats. The analysis made it possible to come to the conclusion that the discoordination
of functions, tasks and risk management processes does not allow the preferences and
perceptions of risk of social actors to be aggregated into the overall interest of preventing and forecasting threats, and forms points of blockade of the structural-organizational and institutional-
regulatory mechanism for controlling hazards in the social system. The study identifies
and describes dysfunctions in the field of public administration associated with discoordination
of political risk management, highlights institutional, distributional, behavioral and paternalistic
management failures in situations of uncertainty, threats and dangers, identifies and describes
mechanisms of political-administrative coordination risk management.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out with financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, Project
no. 19-18-00115. https://rscf.ru/project/19-18-00115 in the part of the article written by A. V. Aleinikov
and with financial support of EISR, Project no. 123091200053-0 “Dynamics of transformation of digital
public administration in modern Russia: political strategies and risks in the context of escalating global
conflict”, which is being implemented at INION RAN in the part of the article written by D. A. Maltseva
and O. D. Safonova.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: transformation of public governance

value: risk

value: risk reflection

value: political risk management

value: managerial failures

dc.title

filename: 02_Алейников,+Мальцева,+Сафонова.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogatyreva, K. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogatyreva K. A. 2024. Opportunity perception as a missing link: Adjustment of the Theory of Planned Behavior to entrepreneurial process. Russian Management Journal 22 (1): 5–28. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2024.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: to define the role of business opportunity perception within the Theory of Planned Behaviour
applied to entrepreneurial process. Methodology: the data from the Russian part of
the “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor” project were collected in 2021, when the turbulence
caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was still active. Methodologically, the study relies on logistic
regression, ordinary least squares modelling and mediation testing techniques. Findings:
the Theory of Planned Behaviour is specified in relation to entrepreneurship. As such, the study
determines the relationships between self-efficacy (proxy for perceived behavioural control),
evaluation of social attitude to entrepreneurship as a career choice (proxy for subjective norms),
fear of failure (proxy for personal attitude to entrepreneurship), formation of entrepreneurial
intentions and their translation into actions, taking into account perception of business opportunities.
Originality and contribution of the author: the study specifies mechanisms that
shape the early stages of the entrepreneurial process. It also contributes to the literature on
entrepreneurial opportunities by scrutinizing their role in new venture formation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been conducted with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation grant
(project no. 21-78-10024, https://rscf.ru/en/project/21-78-10024/).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 22; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: entrepreneurial opportunities

value: business opportunities

value: entrepreneurial opportunity perception

value: Theory of Planned Behaviour

value: entrepreneurial intentions

value: entrepreneurial actions

value: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)


dc.contributor.author

value: Gavrilova, T. A.

value: Kuznetsova, A. V.

value: Alkanova, O. N.

value: Grinberg, E. Ya.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gavrilova T. A., Kuznetsova A. V., Alkanova O. N., Grinberg E. Ya. 2024. Visualization of employees’ competencies using knowledge maps. Russian Management Journal 22 (1): 86–112. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: to develop and test an approach to visualize the expert profile of a department of a
modern university and its employees. This approach can be extended to the educational organization
with additional levels of generalization if necessary. Methodology: the analysis of the literature
on knowledge maps was carried out to determine the logic of knowledge mapping in a modern
university through the prism of stakeholders. The empirical study was conducted in the form
of a self-assessment questionnaire among employees of a university business school. Findings:
the paper proposes an approach to identify basic ontologies to describe the activities of teachers
and researchers in modern educational organizations in general and as part of the empirical
study in particular. Originality and contribution of the authors: the presented approach to identify basic ontologies for the development of visual models allows to systematically represent
the professional and practical knowledge and levels of teachers and researchers’ expertise as
well as to rise to a higher level of conceptual generalization of large and ultra-large volumes
of data, and ease communication gaps between different groups of stakeholders.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work of T. A. Gavrilova, O. N. Alkanova, E. Ya. Grinberg was partially funded by the Russian Science
Foundation grant no. 23-21-00168, https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-00168/.

value: knowledge models

value: ontologies

value: knowledge maps

value: data and knowledge visualization

value: knowledge management

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Salami, A. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Salami A. A. 2024. Bank-specific decisions and banks’ provisioning behaviour in Nigeria: The role of IFRS adoption and banks’ riskiness. Russian Management Journal 22 (1): 51–85. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2024.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: this study examines the relationship between bank loan loss provisioning
behaviour and various bank-specific decisions on loan loss reporting. The evidence is
derived from several cases of non-performing exposures of Nigerian deposit money banks.
Methodology: to investigate the relationship between bank loan loss provisioning
behaviour and various bank-specific decisions on loan loss reporting there was created
the loan loss bank-specific decisions index (BDI) according to the International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRSs). The hypotheses are tested by using the estimates of panel
corrected standard errors regression model. Findings: the results showed that
discretionary adjustments to loan loss provisions (LLPV) are typical of Nigerian banks
although the earnings manipulations imbedded in discretionary LLPVs (DLPV) are not
factored in. However, during IFRS a reversal is evident suggesting bank-specific decisions
prompting increased DLPV except for seemingly financially-distressed banks. These findings
also confirm the relationship between BDI components and provisioning behaviour in
individual tests. The study also found out that the provisioning behaviour in Nigeria
during global financial crisis was pro-cyclical (nonrational) while during the local economic
recession of 2016–2017, it was counter-cyclical (rational). The latter, which happened during
the IFRS period, was characterized by income smoothing while the former was addressed
at the level of bank-specific decisions. Originality and contributions of the author: the
study contributes to the literature by testing a list of bank-specific factors
engendering adjustments to loan loss decisions. It is unique in terms of the empirical
reference to numerous bank-specific decisions as a single factor in accounting for loan
losses. The paper also establishes the parochial success of institutional changes in the
corporate Nigeria and offers useful suggestions for the way forward.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 22; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: bank-specific decisions

value: loan loss provisions

value: institutional change

value: bank financial health

value: Nigeria


dc.contributor.author

value: Fedorova, E. A.

value: Krotov, D. P.

value: Anosova, A. O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fedorova E. A., Krotov D. P., Anosova A. O. 2024. CEO’s tendency to narcissism and optimism: The impact on a company’s debt burden before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2018–2021). Russian Management Journal 22 (1): 29–50. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2024.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: to assess the impact of the level of the CEO’s optimism and narcissism on the capital
structure of companies in the developed and emerging markets before and during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: the study is based on 100 Western companies from the
“Forbes Global 2000” list and 50 leading Russian companies in terms of revenue and capitalization.
The assessment of narcissism and optimism was carried out by application of text analysis
based on the bag of words and the pronoun counting method. Using the Anglin dictionary, four
manifestations of narcissism were assessed — superiority (manifestation of superiority), vanity
(vanity), exhibitionism (narcissism), self-sufficiency (arrogance). The hypotheses about the
relationship between a CEO’s personality characteristics (narcissism and optimism) and the
company’s capital structure were tested by using panel regression with fixed effects. Findings:
the study revealed that the influence of the behavioral characteristics of a CEO increased during
the crisis period (pandemic), which may indicate the tendency of managers to act less rationally
and more impulsively; the result was confirmed for both domestic and foreign managers. The
interplay between narcissism and optimism has a similar trend with the level of debt burden
in Russian and international companies, i.e. for decision-making, the personal characteristics
of management are more important than regional business specifics. Originality and
contribution of the authors: the study contributes to the literature on behavioral finance by
assessing the impact of a CEO’s narcissism and optimism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
and expanding the existing work towards the analysis of crisis situations as well as behavioral
finance in different economic and sociocultural areas. The paper proposes text analysis to assess
personal characteristics of CEOs.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: CEO

value: narcissism

value: optimism

value: corporate governance

value: capital structure

value: text analysis

value: COVID-19 pandemic


dc.contributor.author

value: Trachuk, A. V.

value: Linder, N. V.

value: Kolobov, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trachuk A. V., Linder N. V., Kolobov A. V. 2024. The impact of organizational ambidexterity on performance of diversified industrial enterprises. Russian Management Journal 22 (1): 131–153. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2024.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: to identify an optimal set of tools that allow multibusiness diversified enterprises to
achieve organizational ambidexterity to assess two aspects of improvement activities — search
and operational. The second goal is to establish the influence of organizational ambidexterity
on the efficiency of doing business by multibusiness diversified enterprises. Methodology: the
search for the optimal set of tools was carried out by the construction of regression models and
using mathematical optimization methods. The impact of operational ambidexterity on a company
performance was assessed by means of statistical tests. The empirical basis of the study became
327 completed projects in 16 multibusiness diversified enterprises in the manufacturing industry.
Findings: a model has been developed that allows to select the optimal set of tools in order
to improve production and form the basis for the development of new types of activities, i.e. to
achieve organizational ambidexterity. The study showed that the effectiveness of search activities
influences mostly labor productivity and the number of new competencies, while the improvement
of operational activities affects the share of products certified according to the international
standards in the enterprise's total production volume and the quantity of new competencies of
the organization’s employees aimed to achieve organizational ambidexterity. Originality and
contribution of the authors: the study identifies the conditions for achieving organizational
ambidexterity by multibusiness enterprises. A new model has been proposed to determine the
optimal set of tools for improving production and developing new types of activities that ensure
the achievement of organizational ambidexterity and the increase of efficiency in multibusiness
diversified enterprises.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been conducted with financial support from the Financial University under the Government
of the Russian Federation.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 22; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: diversified industrial enterprises

value: industry

value: organizational ambidexterity

value: efficiency

value: improvement of current and search activities

value: adaptability

value: productivity

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Stolkov, Dmitriy S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Stolkov D. S. New trends in Russian diplomacy after February 24, 2022. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2024, vol. 17, issue 1, pp. 27–42. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2024.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the new trends in Russian diplomacy, which emerged after February 24,
2022. The diplomatic war launched against Russia by “unfriendly States” leads to the “zeroing”
of ties between the Russian Federation and the States of the collective West — the Anglo-
Saxon and European countries. In the context of the degradation of relations with the Euro-
Atlantic region, there is a shift in the regional focus in Russia’s foreign policy. Moreover, in
order to make the implementation of foreign policy goals more efficient Russian intensifies the use of “new tracks” in addition to classical diplomacy. The purpose of the article is to identify
the prospects for using the potential of diplomacy of dialogue structures as an auxiliary tool
for promoting national interests in the international arena, strengthening Russia’s position
as an independent center of power in international relations. The theory of a two-level game
developed by R. Putnam in relation to the practice of negotiating facilitates the explanation of
the diplomacy of dialogue structures specificity. The theory of securitization of the constructivist
school served as a theoretical justification for diversifying the global priorities of Russia’s
foreign policy. In the course of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the diplomacy
of the dialogue structures of the Russian Federation is not developing in isolation, but it takes
into account the strategic goals and objectives formalized at the official level in the basic conceptual
foreign policy document. In particular, the central topics of the St Petersburg International
Economic Forum include sovereignty of the economy and the formation of a multipolar
world. A series of regional forums and congresses reflects the priority desire of the Russian
Federation to build up ties with partners from the CIS and BRICS countries. The “Pivot to
the East” raises the profile of the Eastern Economic Forum. Particular attention is paid to the
development of relations with the states of the Islamic world, Africa, Latin America and the
Caribbean. It is noteworthy that regional platforms serve not only for the exchange of views,
but also for the adoption of practice-oriented agreements in the field of politics, economics,
culture and sports. The very holding of events on the territory of the Russian Federation contributes
to the growth of the investment attractiveness of Russian cities and regions, as well as
the formation of a favorable image of the country abroad.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: diplomatic sanctions

value: diplomacy of dialogue structures

value: Roscongress

value: National Congress Bureau


dc.contributor.author

value: Pleshkova, A. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pleshkova A. Yu. 2024. Knowledge management practices in Russian educational institutions. Russian Management Journal 22 (1): 113–130. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: the aim of this study is to analyze the practices of knowledge management in Russian
educational institutions and compare the obtained results with foreign practices. Methodology:
the systematic analysis of literature and the quantitative survey of respondents of Russian
educational institutions were carried out. The content of 57 scientific articles was analyzed;
74 unique knowledge management practices were identified and grouped for the survey. Based
on the responses of 120 heads of administrative divisions of educational organizations, redistribution
of the identified practices was carried out in the key areas of application, thereby forming a
different set of practices from foreign countries. Findings: the analysis and systematization of
secondary sources of information revealed a set of knowledge management practices in Russian
educational institutions that differ from the foreign practices. The descriptive research and
literature review identified the mostly used knowledge management practices in Russia.
Originality and contribution of the author: the work contributes to the field of knowledge
management by proposing the differences between foreign and Russian knowledge management
practices, as well as supplementing and modifying the existing set of practices in the context
of educational organizations.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 22; Issue 1

value: knowledge management

value: knowledge management practices

value: educational organizations

value: knowledge sharing

value: strategic knowledge management


dc.contributor.author

value: Jian, Junbo

value: Fang, Jiongsheng

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jian J., Fang J. The EU’s Indo-Pacific Strategy. Motivations, influences, challenges, and implications for China. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2024, vol. 17, issue 1, pp. 5–26. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2024.101

dc.description.abstract

value:
The European Union’s Indo-Pacific Strategy (EU’s IPS) is one of the most important geopolitical
strategies of the EU in recent years, but the motivation behind the launching of this strategy,
its influence and challenges, and the possible response of China as a major Indo-Pacific
power, still need further study. Using various research methods including power transition
paradigm, levels of analysis approach, as well as the traditional Chinese strategic framework of
upper/middle/lower scenarios, the article endeavors to offer insights into the above research
questions. The motivation of EU’s IPS is the ‘Geopolitical Awakening’ to avoid the negative
results of potential great power rivalry during a period of global power transition. The IPS
will accelerate the identity transformation of the EU from a ‘soft’ multilateralist to a ‘hard’
pole in the multi-polarized world, increase geopolitical uncertainty in Asia, and remodel China-
EU-US strategic triangle. However, the implementation of the EU’s IPS will face multiple
challenges, including gap in policy orientations among member states, different concerns of
Indo-Pacific partners, and the EU’s awkward position in the US IPS. The EU’s IPS could bring
about three possible scenarios of China-EU interaction in this region — pure confrontation,
limited cooperation, or a positive-sum game. In this context, the Chinese government could
effectively manage differences with the EU in Indo-Pacific, attempt to engage with the EU and
together play a more active order-shaping role for the development of the region.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was funded by “The National Social Science Foundation of China” (No. 22VHQ008)
and “Excellent Ph. D. Candidate Program” of School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan
University.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: The European Union

value: Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS)

value: power transition

value: geopolitical influence

value: China

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Konkova, Daria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Konkova D. A. Isolationism as the United States’ Grand Strategy: From the Founding Fathers to Donald Trump. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2024, vol. 17, issue 1, pp. 43–58. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2024.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the characteristic features and controversies of the grand strategy of the
45th president of the United States in the context of the evolution of the US isolationism as one
of the main historical strands in the US foreign policy thought. In order to provide a more nuanced
approach than the classical isolationism-internationalism dichotomy the author turns
to the four schools theory of American historian W. R. Mead. Within the theory framework,
the two isolationist schools, i. e., Jeffersonianism and Jacksonianism, are studied in detail. As
a special methodology, the author applies neoclassical realism, which allows to determine the
impact of domestic factors on the controversial nature of Trumps’ grand strategy. Isolationist
ideas are studied on the example of the interwar period when the public debate about the
course of the US foreign policy reached its peak. The next section analyzes D. Trump’s grand
strategy using the theory of W. R. Mead and neoclassical realism methodology. Despite the
fact that Trump’s ideology combined Jeffersonian and Jacksonian components, in practice the
45th President gravitated more towards Jacksonian hawks than to the minimalist realism of the
Jeffersonian school. The differences from the Jeffersonian school were especially evident in the
spheres of defense and security policy. Finally, the resistance of the foreign policy apparatus,
opposition of the Congress and the subjective inconsistency of Trump explain the failures in
the implementation of Trump’s grand strategy. The author draws the conclusion about the
coexistence of the two parallel grand strategies during Trump’s presidency: isolationism and
interventionism.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: grand strategy

value: isolationism

value: interventionism

value: nationalism

value: C. Lindbergh

value: D. Trump

value: R. M. La Follette Jr

value: W. Borah


dc.contributor.author

value: Bolgov, Radomir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bolgov R. V. Artificial intelligence policies of the states under sanctions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2024, vol. 17, issue 1, pp. 77–95. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this study is to identify similar features and differences in the artificial intelligence
(AI) policies of the states claiming global (Russia) and regional (Iran) influence. The
context of this study is the sanctions of Western countries in relation to Russia and Iran. The
study methodology is based on the principles of comparative analysis. We analyze legislation
and strategic documents, as well as institutions and practices in the field of artificial intelligence
development in these states. Identifying national AI policy patterns can be an important
predictive tool. In order to conduct a comparative analysis of legislation, we developed a set
of parameters for comparison: (1) AI development goals, (2) authorities responsible for the
implementation of AI projects, (3) AI development priorities, (4) positions of countries in
the global AI development rankings. The basis of the study is the analysis of AI development
indices (Government AI Readiness 2021 by Oxford Insights, Nature Index 2020 Artificial Intelligence,
and Global AI Index 2021 by Tortoise Media), official statistics, national legislation,
and media publications.

dc.subject

value: artificial intelligence

value: Russia

value: Iran

value: sanctions

value: digital sovereignty

value: techno-nationalism


dc.contributor.author

value: Romashkina, Nataliya P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Romashkina N. P. US satellites during the crisis: Outer space cyber threats. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2024, vol. 17, issue 1, pp. 59–76. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Against the background of significant dynamic changes in the use of outer space by mankind,
the transformation of outer space into a sphere of military confrontation becomes
not a danger of the distant future, but a real urgent threat. Important characteristics of the
current stage are the ubiquity and significant growth in the number of artificial Earth satellites,
which solve more and more research and applied tasks, as well as the steady increase
in the importance of applied satellites used for military purposes. The most important role
among them is played by communication satellites, navigation, remote sensing of the Earth
(remote sensing), as well as satellites of the Early warning system. In the course of military
operations, artificial Earth satellites serve to ensure combat operations and the combat use
of various means of armed struggle. The United States has the largest satellite grouping. The
analysis presented in the article of the capabilities of modern US artificial satellite systems,
as well as their destructive use during a military conflict, allows us to conclude that the
risk of threats to international security is increasing. In addition, the facts of the destabilizing
use of artificial satellites by the United States of America and other NATO countries
to achieve their military and political goals increase the likelihood of an escalation of the
conflict and are associated at the current stage with threats to Russia and strategic stability.
Against the background of other urgent challenges and threats, this poses a number of global
problems posed in this study as acutely as possible. The article presents the characteristics
of the current stage of space use; the possibilities of the US ISP during the crisis, which serve
to provide various means of armed struggle, are identified; the problems of using the US ISP
in the current situation are posed. Proposals have been developed to minimize threats and
reduce the likelihood of escalation of the conflict.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 17; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: artificial earth satellite (AES)

value: outer space

value: remote sensing of the Earth

value: communication satellite

value: navigation satellite

value: US satellite

value: military satellite

value: Early Warning System (EWS)

value: strategic stability

value: international security

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bikerniece, Anna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bikerniece A. Global Citizenship Initiative: UNESCO education policies through the prism of identity studies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2024, vol. 17, issue 1, pp. 96–109. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2024.106

dc.description.abstract

value:
For many decades since the establishment of UNESCO, the organization has promoted and
defended the idea of Global education. One of the reasons was the necessity to improve live
standards, but also to create the global thinking and mutual understanding in order to avoid
further conflicts and wars. The article examines the evolution of UNESCO Global citizenship
initiative as an attempt to construct Global identity. Global identity falls under the identity
studies object, as it is both a process and a state under construction with the aim at unifying
peoples around the world. For the first three decades of UNESCO policies, it attempted
to construct a positive identity, uniting people through shared values. The attempt lacked
negative element and material elements to it. As a result, since 1970s, a new idea emerged
that became the backbone of further UNESCO and UN policies — the idea of environmental
threats opposing the humanity. These gradually evolved by 2000s into Sustainable Development
Goals and Global Citizenship initiative. In recent years, UNESCO highlights new challenges
— COVID Pandemics and spread of international conflicts, and the organization shifts
its policy again in order to create unifying ground for peoples around the world amid these
new challenges.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: UNESCO

value: education policies

value: global citizenship

value: global identity

value: Education for All

value: Sustainable Development


dc.contributor.author

value: Sobolev, G. L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sobolev G. L. ‘“The Oldest and Incomparable Historiographer of Our Time”: Student’s Memories of Professor Sigizmund Valk (Parts II–V)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 8–32. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The second part of the memoirs of Gennady Leontyevich Sobolev, Russian historian, Doctor of Historical
Sciences, honorary professor of St. Petersburg State University, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation,
specialist in the history of Russia of the 20th century, founder of the scientific school of historians of the
Russian revolutions and the Civil War, the most authoritative researcher of the history of the blockade Leningrad,
dedicated to his teacher Sigismund Natanovich Valk (1887–1975). G. L. Sobolev describes the initial stage of his
work in the system of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR — as a secretary in the group of history of the USSR
of the Soviet period, talks about the employees with whom he communicated, about the beginning of the development
of a large topic about scientists of Leningrad during the years of the siege, about the consequences of
the “Leningrad Affair” for the university. A special place in the scientific biography of G. L. Sobolev was occupied
by participation in the preparation of volume 5 of “Essays on the History of Leningrad” and joint work with a leading
specialist in the history of the 1917 revolution, Yu. S. Tokarev. With warmth, the author of the memoirs writes
about the participation in his professional career of the Moscow historian A. V. Karasev, the author of the book
“Leningraders during the Siege”, which has not lost its scientific significance even today. The publication in the
mid-1960s of new data on the mortality rate of the population in the blockaded city marked the beginning of a
revision of data on total losses in the Battle of Leningrad. The text of the article notes the fact of the deep influence
of S. N. Valk on the historical education and moral education of many generations of historians.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 14; Issue 1

value: memoirs

value: Leningrad State University

value: Faculty of History

value: historical science

value: Leningrad


dc.contributor.author

value: Shults, E. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shults E. E. ‘Stereotypical Images of the Great Patriotic War: Repressed Commanders of the Red Army’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 59–72. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of readiness of the Red Army for war from the point
of view of personnel of the command staff. The problem of contemporary perception of images of the Great Patriotic
War has many facets and unconditional relevance, both for public thought and for science. One of the main
stereotypes about the Great Patriotic War, launched in the mid-1950s and which is perhaps the most tenacious and influential both on public thought and on scientific searches and reasoning, was the idea of the problems
of the Red Army in the early years of the war in connection with the destroyed command staff of the army. The
problem of the quality of command personnel as of June 22, 1941 is linked to the repressions in the Red Army of
1937–39, which destroyed the color of the army, the low level of the grown command staff and the small experience
of this new command staff. These problems and their possible impact on the combat capability of the Red
Army are analyzed in this article. The author considers the figures of repression in the Red Army 1937–39, losses
among the command staff of the Red Army in the first months of the war, German losses, the reality of the correlation
of losses and capabilities of the Red Army, analyzes historical sources and criticizes one-sided selection in
support of ready-made opinion, the most popular in public consciousness. In favor of such conclusions are the
losses of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht in the first six months of the war, the level of generals of the Red Army
and data on the grassroots and medium command personnel.

value: images

value: USSR

value: Great Patriotic War

value: modern public thought

value: repressions

value: Red Army

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chen, Jhao-Hong

dc.identifier.citation

value: . ‘Economic Control of the Soviet Union in Manchuria after World War II: Monetary Policy’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 45–58. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the little-known issue of monetary policy of the Soviet authorities in occupied
Manchuria after the end of World War II. Comparing Russian and Chinese archival materials, the author studied
the process of issuing new banknotes in Manchuria and the main items of expenditure of the Soviet administration.
The yuan of the Red Army command was officially authorized to be released in Manchuria from 10 December
1945, following an agreement between the USSR and the Republic of China, but in fact it was put into circulation
already from September 24, 1945. New banknotes containing denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 100 yuan were
printed based on the decisions of relevant institutions of the USSR, were used by the Soviet side in industrial construction, when buying goods, to pay workers and employees and finance various institutions on the territory
of Manchuria. It was considered as reparation, since the USSR agreed with the National Government of the Republic
of China that the issued currency would be redeemed at the expense of indemnity from Japan. It was also
one of the sources of rising inflation in Manchuria. According to statistics, the amount of banknotes issued by the
Red Army command during the period of their stay in Manchuria is 9.725 billion yuan. After the withdrawal of Soviet
troops and the transfer of sovereignty over Manchuria to the Republic of China government in early May 1946,
in accordance with the agreements, the redemption of the yuan of the Red Army command and its exchange for
Chinese currency began. This measure was painful and caused widespread discontent.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Manchuria

value: yuan

value: banknotes

value: money circulation

value: reparation

value: Soviet-Chinese relations

value: Kuomintang

value: Communist Party of China


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsova, O. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuznetsova O. N. ‘Contribution of Specialists of the Recovery Period of the Soviet Economy to the Creation of Industrialization Base in the 1920s–1930s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 89–101. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The concept of the recovery period applied to the era of the 1920s and preceding the era of industrialization
characterized the transition processes in the Soviet economy after 1917. The analysis of the contribution
to the industrial modernization of the state by practitioners — N. A. Shevalev, B. A. Gukhman and V. G. Groman
presents little-known aspects of their activities, in particular, the creation of safety fundamentals at industrial enterprises
and the development of planning technologies in terms of creating a forecast plan in the USSR. Presenting
a series of historical portraits of specialists of the 1920s, one should focus on the moderately socialist views of
specialists, since their position was based on public relations in the economy, which seemed relevant both for the
development of N. A. Shevalev, and to create a planned economy throughout the country. The understanding of
the processes of industrialization by contemporaries-the creators of its foundations is an essential aspect in the
history of economic knowledge in the initial period of industrialization, when most specialists advocated a systematic,
scientifically organized study of all aspects of the economic life of the country, for the “industrialization”
of economic knowledge with a broad research apparatus. The scientific discoveries of specialists were closely
connected with practice, in particular, V. G. Groman and B. A. Gukhman created control figures that determined
benchmarks for all branches of the Soviet economy. The analysis of the recovery period in the Soviet economy
presented by them created a serious foundation for the development of balance sheets of various industries,
introduced the idea of a national economic whole in the socialist economy based on centralized planning.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: economy

value: USSR

value: restoration

value: industrialization

value: specialist

value: industry


dc.contributor.author

value: Krasnozhenova, E. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krasnozhenova E. E. ‘Leningrad Children in the Conditions of the Occupation of the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 33– 44. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the problem of military childhood in the conditions of the occupation of the
North-West of the RSFSR (1941–1944). The relevance of studying the problems of military childhood on the territory
of the region under consideration during the war period is determined by the harsh repressive policy pursued
by the occupiers in relation to children and adolescents. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the
organization of their daily life in the conditions of the occupation of the North-West of Russia during the Great
Patriotic War. The work is based on documents from central and regional archives. First of all, these are acts of
district and village commissions for investigating the atrocities of the Nazi invaders, reports, certificates, summaries,
testimonies. The article shows the features of the Nazi occupation policy and crimes against childhood
in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War. Problems were noted in the field of food supply and
medical care for children and adolescents, which inevitably led to an increase in the number of sick, weak and
malnourished children, and to the spread of infectious diseases. The features of the functioning of orphanages
and schools under the conditions of the occupation of the region are shown, the activities of the occupation authorities
in the field of organizing the educational process are presented. Children and adolescents actually did
not receive the necessary provision, medical care, and did not have the conditions for harmonious development.
They were used by the invaders as cheap labor, as donors for German soldiers. Children and adolescents were
entrusted with previously uncharacteristic functions, such as searching for food, performing forced labor for the
occupiers, which inevitably led to the transformation of the very concept of childhood.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-28-20189, https://
rscf.ru/project/22-28-20189/ and by the St. Petersburg Scientific Foundation in accordance with the agreement
no. 62/2022 dated April 15, 2022.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Great Patriotic War

value: North-West

value: RSFSR

value: Leningrad region

value: occupation

value: civilian population

value: children

value: occupation regime

value: everyday life

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nazarenko, N. N.

value: Bashkin, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nazarenko N. N., Bashkin A. V. ‘Vital Statistics Analysis in the Crimea during the 1932–1933 Famine’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 73–88. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of vital statistics estimation during the 1932–1933 famine in Crimean ASSR has considered
in the paper. It has been ascertained, that high underestimates of rural population accounting and underrating
birth rate, mortality and vital rate population data of rural population have occurred in 1933 year for
the Crimea, the underestimates of urban population has not detected. The high underestimates of non-local
resident population demographics and unknown persons mortality has not detected. The non-local residents
and unknown persons were recorded on local level and these data are present in population vital statistics report
of Crimea. But in most consolidated statistics reports of Central Department of National Economic Accounting
of USSR has been specified unadjusted birth rate and mortality rural population underestimates, it has not been
ascertained presence in vital statistics data about unknown persons too — thus it has been detected underrating
of birth rate, mortality and natural growth of Crimean population in consolidated statistics reports. The
ascertained high percentage mortality of migrants in urban areas has shown the overstatement opinion about
executive migration restrictive practices during the 1932–1933 famine. The urban mortality has exceeded rural
mortality in the Crimea considerably, that disclaiming opinion about centralized policy of sociocide peasantry by
famine. The demographic tragedy has occurred in the seaside Crimean towns and Simferopol city. It has been
demonstrated absence of or ethnocide (genocide) in the Crimea during the 1932–1933 famine. The high Crimean
urban population loss has compensated by natural population increase in the rural area, but natural growth
of population has been imperceptible. By the most pessimistic estimation the demographic losses of Crimean
population in 1933–1934 from birth rate loss are about 8 thousand and 6.5 thousand — from mortality exceeding,
in urban area mainly.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: famine

value: birth rate

value: mortality

value: population

value: Crimea


dc.contributor.author

value: Krapivin, M. Yu.

value: Metelkin, E. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krapivin M. Yu., Metelkin E. N. ‘“If the Baptists’ statement is true, then Vinogradov must be immediately arrested”: The 6th All-Russian Congress of Christian Youth and the Tver Provincial Cheka (May — July 1921)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, pp. 232–259. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2024.116 (In Russian)

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University