dc.contributor.author

value: Khamraeva, Dilovar

value: Usmonov, Mansur

value: Bussmann, Rainer

value: Khalilova, Elvira

value: Kodirov, Ulugbek

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khamraeva, D., Usmonov, M., Bussmann, R., Khalilova, E., and Kodirov, U. 2023. New data on the morphological and anatomical structure, chemical composition and distribution area of a rare species Komarovia anisosperma in Uzbekistan. Bio. Comm. 68(1): 10–20. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.102

dc.description.abstract

value:
For the first time, the morphological and anatomical structure of vegetative
and generative organs, the localization of secretory ducts in the underground
and aboveground parts of the species plants were studied. New GIS technologies
were used to elucidate the spatial structure of the rare endemic species
Komarovia anisosperma of the monotypic genus Komarovia Korovin of the Apiaceae
family. The performed analysis showed the most significant diagnostic
features of the studied organs, such as a deep taproot system, the presence of
a multi-branched caudex, underdeveloped stem leaves or stem leaves reduced
to sheaths, the central cylinder of the main root showing separate concentric
circles of large and small vascular bundles, the presence of numerous secretory
ducts in the secondary root cortex, strongly elongated palisade leaf cells etc. As
a result of phytochemical study, extracts of Komarovia anisosperma roots and
inflorescences were analyzed. According to our data, the main component of
underground organs from terpenes was α-muurolene, and for inflorescences
it was α-curcumene. Grid mapping showed that the species is mainly concentrated
in the Samarkand and Kashkadarya regions, where the most favorable
conditions for its growth are found. These areas are the natural area of origin
of the species, and the establishment of a protected natural area has led to an
increase in the number of natural populations.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: anatomy

value: coumarins

value: gas-chromatography

value: GIS technology

value: grid mapping

value: Komarovia anisosperma

value: leaf

value: root

value: secretory ducts

value: terpenes


dc.contributor.author

value: Kostyrko, Sergey A.

value: Shershenkov, Boris S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kostyrko S. A., Shershenkov B. S. Sound synthesis approach based on the elastic stress analysis of a wrinkled thin film coating. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 72–89.

dc.description.abstract

value: This paper examines the ability to employ the model of a wrinkled thin film coating under plane strain conditions for the generation and manipulation of sounds. It is assumed that the film-on-substrate structure represents a multilevel system consisting of four phases with different elastic properties such as surface layer, film material, interphase and substrate material. The undulation of surface and interface geometry leads to the complex stress state of the film coating resulting from the superposition of two perturbed stress fields evolved near the curved surface and interface. The analysis of the stress state reveals the periodic distribution of the longitudinal stresses smoothly changing from surface to interface. This facilitates the creation of a sound synthesis technique similar to the timbre morphing method which provides the transition between two waveforms while creating new intermediate waveform during this process. The perspective of using the wrinkled thin film model for sound generation is gained by its complex behavior, where the influence of one parameter on the stress distribution is affected by other parameters, which in turn reflects in the rich sound morphologies during the mapping of the stress oscillations onto sound.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported whithin ITMO Fellowship Program.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: sound synthesis

value: physical modeling approach

value: wrinkled thin film

value: stress field perturbation

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Semilet, Tatiana

value: Shvachko, Natalia

value: Smirnova, Natalia

value: Shipilina, Lilia

value: Khlestkina, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Semilet, T., Shvachko, N., Smirnova, N., Shipilina, L., and Khlestkina, E. 2023. Using DNA markers to reconstruct the lifetime morphology of barley grains from carbonized cereal crop remains unearthed at Usvyaty Settlement. Bio. Comm. 68(1): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.101

dc.description.abstract

value:
Research on taxonomic and genetic diversity of cultivated plants provides valuable
data that help to clarify how the flora of cultivated plants was formed in
a particular region. Paleogenetics, a discipline that developed at the intersection
of molecular biology, archeology and genetics, helps to explore plant origin and
changes in plant genotype during evolution. By the 12th century, the economy
of medieval Northern Russia was based on a developed farming culture. Tracing
the origin of its constituent agricultural traditions is an important fundamental
task. The objective of this work was to study and identify the species affiliation
of carbonized fossil remains of plants that grew in the Russian Northwest in the
12th century using morphological and molecular genetic methods. The results of
the morphological analysis of grain fossils showed that most of the unearthed
plant material was barley. Other cereals, such as wheat, rye and oat, were also
observed. Molecular genetic studies helped to clarify the species affiliation of
partially destroyed grains and reconstruct their lifetime morphology.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The present work was prepared
within the framework of the state task
“Genomic and postgenomic technologies
for identification of new genetic markers
of traits important for breeding and new
allelic variants of agriculturally valuable
genes in the genetic diversity of cultivated
plants and their wild relatives” (VIR project
No. 15Н 0481-2022-0007).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: H. vulgare

value: barley

value: Nud

value: aDNA

value: naked


dc.contributor.author

value: Zavadskiy, Sergey V.

value: Ovsyannikov, Dmitrii A.

value: Melnikov, Dmitrii D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zavadskiy S. V., Ovsyannikov D. A., Melnikov D. D. Optimization approach to the design of nonlinear control system controllers. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 109–119.

dc.description.abstract

value: The optimization approach is applied to the synthesis and optimization of nonlinear real-time feedback optimal control system of a certain Maglev platform. To optimize the nonlinear control law, the integral functional criteria is minimized, which evaluates the quality of the dynamics of not one trajectory, but an ensemble of nonlinear trajectories of the system. The considered ensemble of trajectories covers the entire area of the engineering gap between the platform and the guide rails. In this area the magnetic forces provide highly nonlinear effects due to the considered design features of the object. At the same time, it is required to provide the stabilization within the entire engineering gap. It makes this statement to be a multi-input nonlinear control problem. The components of the feedback control law vector have a polynomial form of the state-space variables. As a result of computational optimization of trajectories ensemble, a class of Pareto-optimal polynomial regulators is constructed for considered control object. In the presented set, each Pareto-optimal point corresponds to a specific designed controller and investigated functional criteria which evaluates the entire ensemble of perturbed nonlinear trajectories. This allows a research engineer to choose various nonlinear regulators and achieve a compromise between stabilization accuracy and energy costs.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: nonlinear system

value: stabilization

value: nonlinear regulators

value: Maglev

value: real-time feedback

value: ensemble of trajectories

value: optimization

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Fominyh, Alexander V.

value: Karelin, Vladimir V.

value: Polyakova, Lyudmila N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fominyh A. V., Karelin V. V., Polyakova L. N. Method for solving an optimal control problem in the Mayer form with a quasidifferentiable functional in the presence of phase constraints. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 120–134.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article considers the problem of optimal control of an object described by a system of ordinary differential equations with a continuously differentiable right-hand side and with a nonsmooth (but only a quasidifferentiable) quality functional. The problem is in the Mayer form with either free or partially fixed right end. Piecewise-continuous and bounded controls are supposed to be admissible if they lie in some parallelepiped at any moment of time. The phase coordinates and controls are also subject to mixed pointwise constraints. Phase constraints are taken into account by introducing new variables with known boundary conditions into the system. The standard discretization of the original system and the parametrization of the control are carried out, theorems are given on the convergence of the solution of the discrete system obtained to the desired solution of the continuous problem. Further, in order to study the resulting discrete system, the apparatus of quasidifferential calculus is used and the method of the quasidifferential descent is applied. Examples illustrating the operation of the algorithm are given.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The main results of the paper (items 3–6) are obtained by Alexander V. Fominyh, the work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant N 21-71-00021.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: optimal control

value: Mayer problem

value: nonsmooth optimization

value: quasidifferential

value: phase constraints


dc.contributor.author

value: Olemskoy, Igor V.

value: Firyulina, Oxana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Olemskoy I. V., Firyulina O. S. Algorithm for optimal coloring of square (0,1)-matrices. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 90–108.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper proposes an algorithm for solving the configuration-optimization coloring problem for square (0,1)-matrices, which is based on the method of selection their structural features. The algorithm belongs to the method's of backtracking, however, the construction of the optimal solution is carried out among the options that provide a certain configuration, due to which the size of the search tree is significantly reduced. A detailed scheme of its operation is given, and the effectiveness of the solution is demonstrated by the example of calculating the chromatic number of a specific (0,1)-matrix.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 1

value: graph coloring

value: chromatic number


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorov, Nickolay V.

value: Vinogradova, Ekaterina M.

value: Doronin, Grigoriy G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorov N. V., Vinogradova E. M.,Doronin G. G. Blade-like field cathode with a dielectric coating mathematical modeling. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 65–71.

dc.description.abstract

value: In this paper the results of a two-dimensional diode emission system based on a blade-like field cathode in a polar coordinate system modeling is presented. The top of the emitter is a circle with a dielectric coating. The anode is a circle coaxial to the top of the emitter. The boundary condition of the first kind is set on the cathode, and the first and second kind on the anode. The problem of calculating the electrostatic potential distribution is reduced to solving a system of linear algebraic equations with constant coefficients. All the geometric dimensions of the system and the values of the potentials on the electrodes are the parameters of the problem.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: micro- and nanoelectronics

value: field emitter

value: mathematical modeling

value: electrostatic potential distribution

value: boundary-value problem

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Namyatov, Alexey

value: Makarevich, Pavel

value: Tokarev, Igor

value: Pastuhov, Ivan

dc.identifier.citation

value: Namyatov, A., Makarevich, P., Tokarev, I., and Pastuhov, I. 2023. Hydrochemical basis of marine waters biological productivity surrounding Svalbard archipelago. Bio. Comm. 68(1): 30–48. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study provides a rather new approach to research on a portion of general
biological production of marine ecosystems, namely on primary production.
The methodology presented consists of two blocks of techniques. The hydrological
block provides for an estimate of the amounts of basic water masses, the
estimate being based on the salinity and δ18O stable isotope value. The techniques
of the ecosystem block provide for a calculation of primary production
based on the water mass composition, nutrients concentrations in the cores
of the water masses, and changes in nutrients reserves. The rate of the nutrients
reserve change is corrected by the non-productive component caused by
the inflow or outflow of the nutrient as a result of advection or exchange with
underlying layers. Another correction is related to nutrient regeneration going
in parallel to photosynthesis. The technique was tested and verified in the waters
around the Svalbard archipelago. By using a combination of δ18О isotope
parameter (with an intention to add δ2H in the future), salinity, and nutrients
composition, the present methodology allows to consider the domain of the
marine ecosystem comprising its hydrological, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological
(phytoplankton) processes as a single system of their relationships.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was performed as
a part of the state task of the Ministry
of Science and Higher Education state
research project of the Murmansk Marine
Biological Institute of the Russian Academy
of Sciences.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Barents Sea

value: nutrients

value: phytoplankton

value: primary production

value: new production

value: photosynthesis


dc.contributor.author

value: Provorov, Nikolay

value: Tikhonovich, Igor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Provorov, N. and Tikhonovich, I. 2023. The prospects for Symbiogenetics: emergence of superorganismal genomes and reconstruction of cellular evolution (mini-review). Bio. Comm. 68(1): 49–55. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.105

dc.description.abstract

value:
The superspecies systems of heredity that arise via coevolution of phylogenetically
distant organisms are represented as the subjects of Symbiogenetics, a
new research field addressing integration of the heterologous genomes. Evolutionary
mechanisms responsible for this integration include: a) interspecies
altruism based on the symbionts’ refusal from autonomous lifestyle; b) inheritance
of symbionts by hosts as of acquired genetic determinants (pangenesis).
Under impacts of these factors, endosymbionts may be transformed into
the cellular organelles which have lost biological and genetic individuality and
sometimes lack their own genomes. The genomically truncated organelles
which have retained the abilities for reproduction and metabolism are considered
as the models to reconstruct the early stages of cell evolution, including
the emergence of its genome.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Research is supported by
the Russian Science Foundation,
grant No. 19‑16‑00081P.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Symbiogenetics

value: organellogenesis

value: hologenomes and symbiogenomes

value: pangenesis

value: biological altruism

value: open genetic systems

value: biological and genetic individuality

value: natural selection


dc.contributor.author

value: Mokrushin, Anatoly

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mokrushin, A. 2023. Encapsulation of rat brain slices in agar gel solution for long-term and reversible cryopreservation. Bio. Comm. 68(1): 21–29. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
Earlier there was found activity of glutamatergic ionotropic α-amino-3-hydroxy-
5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPAR) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors
(NMDAR) disturbed after prolonged cryopreservation of brain slices at
temperature of –10 °C. To eliminate cryodamage of AMPAR and NMDAR, the
slices were encapsulated in the special freezing solution (SFS). SFS consisted
of agar at various concentrations (33, 44 and 50 %) and artificial cerebrospinal
fluid (67, 56 and 50 %, respectively). This solution was used for long-term
cryopreservation of slices (52 days, –10 °C). Alterations in amplitudes of AMPA
and NMDA potentials in the slices after rewarming were studied. Recovery of
AMPAR and NMDAR after cryopreservation of the slices in SFS was the most
optimal when the agar concentration in SFS was 50 %. Cryopreservation of the
slices in SFS with different agar concentrations predominantly promoted the
development of long-term potentiation in 78 % of the tested slices. Thus, the
encapsulation of brain slices in SFS contributes to the preservation of AMPAR
and NMDAR activity during long-term and reversible cryopreservation.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: brain slices

value: cryopreservation

value: freezing/rewarming

value: agar

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Danko, Katerina

value: Danilov, Lavrentii

value: Malashicheva, Anna

value: Lobov, Arseniy

dc.identifier.citation

value: Danko, K., Danilov, L., Malashicheva, A., and Lobov, A. 2023. Comparative analysis of methods for batch correction in proteomics — a two‑batch case. Bio. Comm. 68(1): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.106

dc.description.abstract

value:
A proper study design is vital for life science. Any effects unrelated to the studied
ones (batch effects) should be avoided. Still, it is not always possible to exclude
all batch effects in a complicated omics study. Here we discuss an appropriate
way for analysis of proteomics data with an enormous technical batch
effect. We re-analyzed the published dataset (PXD032212) with two batches of
samples analyzed in two different years. Each batch includes control and differentiated
cells. Control and differentiated cells form separate clusters with
209 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Nevertheless, the differences
between the batches were higher than between the cell types. Therefore, the
analysis of only one of the batches gives 276 or 290 DEPs. Then we compared
the efficiency of five methods for batch correction. ComBat was the most effective
method for batch effect correction, and the analysis of the corrected
dataset revealed 406 DEPs.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by
the Russian Science Foundation for Basic
Research, project No. 18-14-00152.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: batch effect

value: proteomics

value: bioinformatics

value: batch effect correction


dc.contributor.author

value: Shapkin, Igor N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shapkin I.N. The Experience of Restructuring the Russian National Economy and  Management during the First World War. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68,  issue 1, рp. 7–24. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the content and the main ideas of the monograph by I. V. Potkina “On the eve of a catastrophe. The state and the economy of Russia in 1914–1917”, which was brought out by the publishing house “Nestor-Istoriia” in 2022. The presented topic is not among those fully and comprehensively researched by the Russian historiography. Quite a large number of issues related to the transition of the Russian economic system from a peaceful to a military state and the formation of a mobilization model of the economy require additional research. Individual aspects of the formation and development of the military economy have been studied by Russian scholars quite well, but before the publication of this monograph, this problem had not been considered comprehensively. The author of the monograph set a goal to analyze the complex of legislative and administrative documents of the central executive authorities in the field of socio-economic policy and, on this basis, to determine the priority directions by year. The reviewed documents made it possible to show the changes taking place in the sectoral structure of the country’s economy and the management system. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite mistakes and miscalculations, the Imperial government, unlike the Provisional Government, generally managed to cope with the difficulties that arose. This is evidenced by the legislative acts of the government, statistical data of state institutions and
public organizations provided by the author. The definition of the main features of the mobilization
economic model is innovative.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 1

value: World War I

value: state

value: economy

value: mobilization model of the economy

value: Collection of laws and government orders


dc.contributor.author

value: Avdeev, Evgenii A.

value: Vorobev, Sergej M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Avdeev E. A., Vorobev S. M. Sociocultural bases of the North Caucasus student youth identity: Risks of conflict in inter-ethnic relations. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 4–21. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the sociocultural foundations of the Russian, ethnic, confessional and
regional identity of the North Caucasus student youth. The influence of the formation and positivity
of these identities on the nature of interethnic relations, the social distance between main
ethno-confessional groups and the risks of conflicting identities is analyzed. The results of
sociological survey in 2022 showed a high degree of severity and positivity of the sociocultural
foundations of the Russian, ethnic and regional identity. Significant variability was found in the
importance of emotional and psychological connection with the main social groups (ethnos,
confession, country, region) varied from one ethnic group to another. These unifying sociocultural
meanings-symbols occupy an important place in the structure of the Russian identity
of young people. Among youth, attitudes towards interethnic harmony, tolerance, interaction
and integration prevail. The social distance between students who identify themselves with the
main ethno-confessional groups is insignificant. Respondents’ assessments confirm the trend
towards depoliticization of ethnicity and a decrease in the conflict nature of the main macro-
group identities. At the same time, the conflictogenic potential of the sociocultural foundations
of young people’s self-awareness is preserved.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for young
scientists — candidates of science no. MK-431.2021.2

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 19; Issue 1

value: North Caucasus

value: youth

value: interethnic relations

value: risks of conflict

value: identity

value: social distance

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Katorzhevskij, Pavel N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Katorzhevskij P. N. The influence of Eurocommunism on the ideology and political practice of the contemporary “radical left”. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 36–48. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
After the dismantling of socialism in the Soviet Union and countries of “people’s democracy”,
left forces used different variations of ideological transformation and reactualization of its program.
The most relevant model of adaptation was the preservation of “anti-capitalism” in combination
with the desire to use the mechanisms of liberal democracy. Parties that have chosen
this path of transformation are referred to as the “radical left” (RLP). While remaining committed
to the Marxism, RLPs reject Stalinism, use populist slogans, and are agree for building coalitions
with ideological opponents. Most RLPs trace its lineage back to the parties that originated
with Eurocommunism or used elements of it in its ideology. Despite the collapse of the Eurocommunist
project at the end of the twentieth century, the marginalization of the Communist
parties that espoused it and the desire of the modern “radical left” to disassociate itself from its
predecessors, they continue to reproduce elements of political practices used by Eurocommunists.
By the political practices of Eurocommunism, we understand the strategy of interaction
of Eurocommunist parties with the institutions of liberal democracy that emerged in the 1960s
and 1970s. The article analyzes the influence of the ideological legacy of Eurocommunism on
the political strategy of modern European RLPs and provides a description and classification of
parties of this spectrum. The aim of the article is to correlate the influence of the ideological
legacy of Eurocommunism on modern RLPs and to identify the contradictions arising in the
process of implementation of its program.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Eurocommunism

value: radical left

value: political practices

value: historical compromise

value: populism


dc.contributor.author

value: Mironov, Boris N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mironov B. N. Cyclic Concepts of Russian History in Modern Historiography. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 130–158. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In post-Soviet historiography, the concept of the cyclic pendulum, or inversion, of Russia’s development
has become widespread. According to it, Russia, unlike the West, is characterized
not by progressive, but by spasmodic pendulum development: progress is replaced by reaction,
movement goes in a vicious circle. The article verifies four variants of the concept and makes
conclusions about its strengths and weaknesses. Three most significant shortcomings are noted.
The first is anti-historicism: fundamental changes that took place in the Russian society are
ignored, which contradicts the principle of historicism. The second is Eurocentrism: the West
is idealized and regarded as the highest manifestation of civilization, as a model for imitation
and comparison, and deviations from this model, reforms that do not lead to Westernization,
are condemned. The third is apriorism, weak empirical validity: explanations in most cases are
hypothetical, even guesswork. The main methodological strategies are comparison, analogy,
good examples, deduction as a selective ordering of facts to substantiate a certain hypothesis.
Historians, as a rule, consider such methods to be unreliable, opening up opportunities
for many ill-founded hypotheses. The concept objectively reflects the characteristic features
of the Russian historical process: the presence of cycles; the pulsating nature of the reform;
widespread authoritarian management style; low general culture of the population; the great
role of traditional institutions, popular political culture and specific cognitive practices; strong
historical inertia — dependence on the past path, due to civilizational stereotypes. However,
the shortcomings inherent in the Russian society are exaggerated, and achievements are minimized.
The imbalance creates a bias, and the representation of the course of Russian history
is inadequate.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by grant no. 20-09-00353 from the Russian Science Foundation “The
standard of living of the population of Russia in the 20th — early 21st centuries according to traditional and
alternative indicators: an interdisciplinary study on Big Data”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: reforms and counter-reforms in Russia

value: turmoil and revolutions

value: A. S. Akhiezer

value: I. I. Glebova

value: A. Yu. Dvornichenko

value: V. V. Ilyin


dc.contributor.author

value: Davydov, Mikhail A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Davydov M. A. Problems of Modernization in Russia in the Book by Irina Potkina. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 25–50. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author of the article highly appreciates the monograph by I. V. Potkina “On the eve of
the catastrophe. The state and economy of Russia in 1914–1917”. The author of the book proposed
a new approach to their study, which made it possible to identify features of the formation
of the military-economic mobilization model and management of the national economy.
I. V. Potkina classified eight main directions of the government’s economic policy. Comparing
the ways of regulating the economy of the tsarist and the Provisional Government, the author
showed that these were different periods of the formation of the mobilization model, and it
was the policy of the Provisional Government that led to the collapse of the economy. As a
result, the author of the monograph came to a reasonable conclusion that the economic policy
of the tsarist government was in line with the challenges of the time and pan-European trends.
The author of the article considers the thesis about the so-called systemic crisis of the autocracy
far-fetched. He connects the problems of the country’s development in the late 19th — early
20th centuries with the fact that in 1861–1905 Russia tried to realize its first anti-capitalist utopia
— that in the industrial age it is possible to be a “distinctive” great power, that is, to influence
the destinies of the world, rejecting everything due to which competitors and opponents
have achieved prosperity, primarily, the general civil legal system, the corresponding rights of
all strata of the population and complete freedom of entrepreneurship. Only in 1906 did the
transition to the rule of law begin.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: World War I

value: state regulation of the economy

value: modernization

value: Stolypin’s land reform

value: agrarian overpopulation crisis

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bradley, Joseph

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bradley J. Anglo-American Evaluations of Recent Russian Historiography. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 109–129. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Irina Viktorovna Potkina’s new book “In anticipation of a disaster. State and Economy of Russia
in 1914–1917” reflects her significant contribution to the Russian history. The purpose of
the article is to present a brief survey of the Anglo-American appraisal of recent Russian historiography based on a sample of thematic issues of the journal of translations, “Russian Studies
in History”. This journal sheds light on current questions, new topics, methods and sources
in Russian historiography to the benefit of Anglo-American readers. A sample of topics of the
journal will present the evaluation of Anglo-American historians of the work of their Russian
colleagues. Among the topics of post-Soviet historiography are: liberal and conservative ideologies
at the turn of the 20th century; pre-revolutionary politics and parties; World War I, the
February Revolution; administration of the Russian empire; religion in Imperial and Soviet
Russia; and local history. The work of recent Russian historians has been aided by new sources
and methods. The purpose of this work has been to achieve a better understanding of daily
life, the formation of identities, and the agency of Russians of all social groups, not just of the
political elite. In the opinion of various American and British historians, the goal of these
histories is very promising.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russian historiography of late-imperial Russia

value: American journal of translations

value: pre-revolutionary politics and parties

value: the February Revolution

value: administration of the Russian empire

value: religion in Imperial and Soviet Russia

value: and local history


dc.contributor.author

value: Lizunov, Pavel V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lizunov P. V. Stock Exchange and Commercial Banks during the First World War. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 93–108. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In connection with the recently published monograph on the First World War by the famous
historian Irina Potkina “On the eve of the catastrophe. The state and economy of Russia in
1914–1917”, it is appropriate to evaluate a new book and the events that took place a century
ago. The First World War is often referred to as “an unknown war” and “unfairly forgotten”,
which is hardly true. The publication of scholarly books and articles, documents, memoirs,
and fiction about the First World War prove the opposite. Over the past 100 years, the assessments,
views and approaches to the study of the First World War have changed, but the
interest in it has never faded. It should be acknowledged that there are still many unresearched
and poorly studied topics. I. Potkina’s statements about the level of pre-war development and
the importance of the Russian stock market and the banking sector cannot be fully accepted.
She comes to the conclusion that during the war years, the Russian economy experienced
processes similar to those in most European countries. It is hardly indisputable, especially the
assertion about the positive results of the regulation of the credit and financial system. The
policy of the tsarist government in relation to the exchange and banks contradicts this opinion.
It is also difficult to point out the effectiveness of economic policy, especially in 1917. The
authorities lost control over the political, economic and social processes in the country. Russia
was going through a severe crisis that led to the overthrow of the autocracy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: World War I

value: market in 1914–1917

value: securities market

value: stock exchange

value: commercial banks


dc.contributor.author

value: Freeze, Gregory L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Freeze G. L. Imperial Russia as a Failed State: The Role of Orthodox Church. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 67–81. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this article is to assess the role of the Orthodox Church during the prelude to
the February Revolution. Recent historiography on the Great War in Western scholarship has
foregrounded the role of the Churches, Protestant and Catholic, in sustaining popular support
for a war that entailed unprecedented death, suffering, and hardship. That new research,
seeking to explain the “endurance problem” (Durchhaltsproblem), point to the Churches in
the West as the pillar of the existing regimes right to the very end of the war and as an effective
instrument in mobilizing support and patriotism to defend each country’s “civilization”.
Hence, no less important than brilliant military plans and effective governance, the Churches
provided critical support and raised morale of both troops and civilians. Such was not the
case in Russia. With few resources at its disposal, the Orthodox Church provided initial but
ephemeral support. As is shown here, the Church was not only unable but unwilling to embrace
the ancient regime: against a background of general war weariness, the Church elites,
parish clergy, and ordinary parishioners were increasingly determined to pursue their own
interests, not those of the state. By February 1917 the Church did not condemn but welcomed
the overthrow of the monarchy that ultimately led to the Bolshevik seizure of power and years
of brutal civil war. The monograph by I. V. Potkina “On the eve of the catastrophe. The state
and the economy in Russia in 1914–1917” has many positive elements, but it is important —
given recent historiography, which foregrounds the role of Churches and religion in sustaining
society’s willingness to endure the Great War — to pay attention to the role of the Russian
Orthodox Church.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 1

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: Russia Empire

value: churches

value: religion

value: historiography

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Alevras, Natalia N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alevras N. N. Defense of Dissertations by Nikolai Il’ich Pokrovskii at Leningrad University. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 259–276. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.115 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is a discussion of the career path of N. I. Pokrovskii. The author attempts to uncover
the key points of his biography and research career. Both of his defense procedures
that took place in 1938–1939 are examples of the revival of the pre-revolutionary dissertation
culture implemented through the practicing of the legal framework of its Soviet counterpart.
The article focuses on the procedure and progress of the defense of the historian’s doctorate
dissertation. The availability of the transcript enables the author to reveal the principles, style,
atmosphere, and ideological components of this academic event typical of the early Soviet dissertation
culture. The author highlights the specifics of the selection of opponents, the defense
procedure and academic audit organization as well as the ensuing discussion. The opponents
included well-known researchers from St Petersburg, I. Yu. Krachkovskii, an Arabist scholar
acting as the candidate’s promoter, and B. D. Grekov and S. N. Valk, Doctors of history who
were not authorities on the problems covered in the dissertation and treated the candidate
with caution. I. P. Petrushevskii, an Orientalist historian, played a special role: he was an opponent
during Pokrovskii’s candidate thesis defense and an unofficial expert during his doctoral
defense debate. The debate in question involved the members of the Board of the Historical
Faculty and the ‘public’ and demonstrated ambivalent attitudes towards the candidate’s position.
The article attempts to understand the critical perception of Pokrovskii’s concepts and
the impact of the political and ideological atmosphere in the pre-war USSR on the defense
procedure and the historian’s life.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant no. 22-28-00557 “Dissertation culture of the scientific community
of Soviet historians of the 1920s–1950s: adaptation of the pre-revolutionary experience and the
search for a new model for the training of scientists” of the Russian Science Foundation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: N. I. Pokrovskii

value: I. Yu. Krachkovskii

value: Caucasian Wars of the 19th century

value: thesis defense

value: debate

value: Soviet dissertation culture

value: Leningrad University


dc.contributor.author

value: Voskresenskaya, Nina O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Voskresenskaya N. O. Factors of the Fall of the Russian Empire and their Evaluation in Historical Science. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 51–66. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Periods in the life of a country, when it radically changes its civilizational trajectory, cannot
but attract the attention of researchers. For the Russian Empire, the First World War turned
out to be the zone of such crucial revolutionary turbulence: the empire ceased to exist. What
circumstances led to this turn of events? Was the wrong economic policy of the state authorities
the main reason for the fall of the monarchy? The issues of state regulation of national
economy of Russia during the First World War in the context of possible factors that caused
the death of the empire are discussed in the monograph “On the Threshold of the Catastrophe.
State and Economy of Russia in 1914–1917” by Irina V. Potkina, Dr. Sci. in History. The logic
of the analysis led the scholar to the conclusion that the economic policy of the Provisional
Government proved to be destructive for the country. The atmosphere of mutual distrust
and suspicion in the Russian society also played an important role. This article continues this
theme and shows that some mental and behavioral characteristics of Russian people contributed
greatly to the country’s path to the disaster. Some people were involved in illegal activities
under the influence of technologies for manipulating public consciousness practiced by
opposition political parties. The Bolsheviks, whose activities, from the standpoint of modern
Russian legislation, falls under the definition of “extremism”, enjoyed the greatest success. The
author of the article concludes that it is necessary to correct the evaluation of historical events
in the academic and educational literature.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: regulation of the economy

value: socio-economic legislation

value: mental and behavioral characteristics

value: extremist activity


dc.contributor.author

value: Vtorushin, Mikhail I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vtorushin M. I. The Varangian Issue through the Prism of the Social Contract Concept. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 159–175. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.109 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to an under-researched topic of the impactth at the theory of the social
contract of European thinkers of the 17th–18th had on the discussion in the 18th-century Russia
on the “Varangian-Russian issue”, the conditions and basis for the East Slavs’ state-building
in the initial period. It gives a proper analysis of socio-political and economic factors for
accepting the doctrine of G. Grotious, T. Gobbs, J. Locke, B. Spinoza, and Ch. Montesquieu
by Russian nobility. The doctrine described the treaty-based relations between the State of
Russia and its sovereigns. The article studies the influence of the Social Contract theory on
the Tsarism’s domestic policy in the second half of the 18th century. This policy was upheld
in the form of the Enlightened absolutism which served to balance the interests of the upper
classes of the Russian Empire. By examining the views on the “Varangian issue” of members
of the Russian Academy of Science, such as G. Bayer, G. Miller, and M. Lomonosov, the article
explores the effect of the treaty-based concept of the state on the views on the genesis of the
Russian statehood and the rejection of the theological doctrine of the sovereignty in the country.
Historians G. Bayer and G. Miller accepted the conclusions of the European thought on
the origin of state-building in some European nations as a result of an external conquest or an
agreement for managing. Using the chronicle about the invitation of a Varangian Rurik, they
revealed a similar process in Russia. A different viewpoint was expressed by M. Lomonosov.
He considered the Slavs’ statehood and the conclusion of the management agreement to be the
result of their internal development.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: the Norman theory

value: normanism

value: anti-normanism

value: the Varangian-Russian issue

value: age of Enlightenment

value: the social contract theory

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Liu, Xiaochen

value: Sun, Yizhi

dc.identifier.citation

value: Liu Xiaochen, Sun Yizhi. Animal Diplomacy between People’s Republic of China and Socialist States. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 210–225. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.112 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
For a long time, Western countries relied on science to conduct diplomatic activities and scientific
research. During the Cold War, there was a wide exchange and even confrontation between
the East and West camps and the major powers in many scientific fields. After 1949, The
People’s Republic of China initiated an active stage of learning from the Soviet Union, and the
creation of Chinese science was supported by the Soviet scientific community. This influence
was particularly noticeable in the field of Chinese biology, especially zoology. A large number
of Soviet scientists came to China to impart their knowledge, and many classic Soviet scientific
works were translated into Chinese. In the 1950s, Chinese scientists published a large number
of translations and descriptions of works by T. D. Lysenko and I. V. Michurin in journalsб such
as Bulletin of Biology and other periodicals, which laid the foundation for Michurin’s teachings
in Chinese biology and zoology. In 1953, Indian Prime Minister Nehru gifted an elephant
to Chinese children, but due to the lack of skills and experience in keeping elephants, Beijing
approved the creation of courses for training personnel in animal care and invited the director
of the Moscow Zoo I. P. Sosnovskii to give lectures in Beijing and Shanghai to train Chinese
specialists. China systematically embraced the Soviet system of knowledge in the areas of animal
breeding and cultivation, and shaping of zoo functions. From then on, China and the
USSR had developed extremely close cooperation in animal exchanges, academic exchanges,
and “animal diplomacy”, which has had an impact to this day.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared in the framework of the project no. 19ZDA235 supported by the National
Social Science Fund of China “Historical Science and Historians in the 20th century”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: USSR

value: China

value: animal diplomacy

value: zoo

value: science diplomacy


dc.contributor.author

value: Pushkareva, Natalia L.

value: Pushkareva, Irina M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pushkareva N. L., Pushkareva I. M. Age, Number of Children and Activity of Women in Russian Politics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 226–241. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.113 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reflects the specifity of women’s participation in the Russian political process for
more than a century — from the creators of the first women’s political organizations, the
Women’s Mutual Charitable Society and the Women’s Progressive Party, to modern leaders
of the ruling party, systemic and non-systemic opposition. A list of pre-Soviet, Soviet, and
post-Soviet women politicians, who were quite famous during the years of their public activity
and were often mentioned in the media, has been compiled. It comprises more than
fifty prominent public activists who held important government posts or were nominated by
public opinion, including not only among those loyal to the authorities, but also dissidents in
Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. Their age, marital status, presence or absence of children are
analyzed. The article attempts to identify the correlation between such parameters as gender,
age, and time of entry into an active political life; to correlate these inputs with the number of
children; and to substantiate the differences in the social expectations of the electorate of men
and women in the political process. The hypothesis that married men with children dominate
in the Russian politics has been confirmed. Women politicians in Russia are most often childless
or have few children. Unlike foreign participants in the electoral process, Russians’ readiness
to see women among representatives of the political elite does not grow every year but is
constantly declining — and regardless of whether these women politicians become mothers
or remain childless.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared in the framework of a research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and
Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant ID: 075-15-2022-328).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 1

value: gender

value: women politicians

value: Russia in the 20th century

value: marital status

value: age

value: children

value: political process


dc.contributor.author

value: Moore, Colleen M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Moore C. M. State Regulation of the Economy in the Era of War and Revolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 82–92. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.105

dc.description.abstract

value:
I. V. Potkina’s new monograph examines state intervention in the economy during World
War I by analyzing legislation enacted by the tsarist and Provisional governments between
1914 and 1917. Her analysis highlights the main areas of economic intervention, the economic
priorities of the respective administrations, the quantitative distribution of regulatory
activity by year, and the evolution of the legislative process in response to the extraordinary
circumstances of wartime. The author concludes that the imperial government regulated the
economy effectively during the war and more successfully than its Provisional successor. This
conclusion challenges the prevailing narrative of the “backward” autocracy’s mismanagement
of the war effort as the primary reason for its collapse and compels a reconsideration of the
question: If the tsarist regime efficiently managed the wartime economy, then why was it overthrown?
This review focuses on Potkina’s treatment of regulatory policies regarding wartime
prohibition and the establishment of fixed prices for necessities to illustrate the discrepancy
between official and popular perceptions of the relative success of the state’s interventional
measures. Prohibition was greeted with pogroms of premises trading in spirits and cases of
poisoning by non-potable substances such as denatured alcohol, and most of the government’s
price-fixing resolutions applied only to goods procured for the armed forces, not those sold
to the population in the rear. Potkina attributes the causes of the revolution to the disloyalty
of public organizations that constituted the liberal political opposition, but this explanation
fails to account for the popular dimension of the events of February, which remains a task for
future researchers.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: World War I

value: legislation

value: economy

value: Russian empire

value: revolution

value: peasantry

value: prohibition

value: food supply

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Grinev, Andrei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grinev A. V. Russian America and its Problems in Contemporary National Works of Economists. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 277–300. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.116 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article critically examines the publications of modern Russian economists on the history
of the former Russian colonies in the New World, sold in 1867 to the United States and subsequently
forming the territory of the state of Alaska. Paradoxically, economists tend to mainly
examine historical problems of Russian America, while some historians research economy,
although everything should be just the opposite. The monitoring of scholarship conducted by
the author reveals about a dozen works of professional economists — Candidates and Doctors
of Sciences — who devoted their works (in whole or in part) to certain problems of Russian
America: the earliest work is dated by 2011, and the most recent articles — by 2021. The depressingly
low academic level of the vast majority of the analyzed works should be pointed out
with regret. The fact is that Russian economists, for some unclear reason, almost completely
ignore a wide range of published documentary sources, not to mention archival materials.
The latter, if they are used, are not directly related to the history of Russian colonies in the
New World. In the same way, national economists stubbornly avoid getting acquainted with
the current Russian historiography about the past of Russian America and do not use more
or less modern foreign scientific literature about it at all. Instead of academic works, economists
often turn to non-scientific publications (including writings on alternative history) and
Internet sites with highly questionable content. The natural result is a large number of errors,
inaccuracies and incorrect conclusions, which are sometimes supplemented by negligently
prepared bibliography and lack of elementary publication culture: almost all national economists
economize on references/footnotes in their works: it is often completely impossible to
understand where this or that information comes from. Thus, there is an imitation of scholarly
activity and all sorts of dilettantism instead of real useful research on the history and economy
of Russian America.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russian America

value: historiography

value: Russian economists

value: Russian-American Company

value: alternative history


dc.contributor.author

value: Anisimov, Oleg V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anisimov O. V. The House of Bourbon and Сonstitutional Revolutions in Southern Europe. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 190–209. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the transfer of ideas and practices of constitutionalism from Spain to the
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1812–1820. On the basis of dispatches of the Russian envoy
in Naples Gustav Stackelberg, the author analyses the features of the revolutionary events of
the summer — autumn of 1820. The immediate objects of Count Stackelberg’s observation in
Naples were the situation of the Bourbon monarchy and the new constitutional government;
their relations with the Carbonari society; relations within the diplomatic corps and among
representatives of the great powers. The article also examines texts of constitutional acts that
formed the main milestones of the development of constitutionalism in Southern Europe: the
Bayonne Statute of 1808, the Cadiz Constitution of 1812, the Sicilian Constitution of 1812,
the French Charter of 1814, and the “constitution of Murat” of 1815. An attempt is made
to compare the constitutional revolutions in Spain and Italy in 1820–1823: contradictions of
domestic politics, the struggle of the Liberal Party and the opposition, support for the army,
parliamentary activity, the fight against separatist movements, complications in foreign policy
and opposition to the Holy Alliance, the role of Kings Ferdinand VII of Spain and Ferdinand I
of Naples in the development of constitutional practice. This approach corresponds to modern
trends in the history of the Restoration era, in which the concept of the “liberal international”
is tested against Russian diplomatic sources. G. Stackelberg did not just observe the Neapolitan
Revolution; he noted obvious parallels with the Spanish Revolution and reported on any
attempts of covert contacts of revolutionaries from all over Europe. His political ideal was the
French Charter of 1814, the application of which to the Neapolitan political situation he wanted
to see in order to avoid the worst consequences of the intervention of the Austrian Empire.
The author concludes that the borrowing of the Spanish constitution by the Neapolitans took
place within the prepared framework, becoming a logical stage in the development of constitutionalism
in countries close to each other not only in spirit, but being for a long time in the orbit of the French revolutionary and Napoleonic despotic influence. The article also shows
that Stackelberg modernized the pattern of the era about the “pan-European conspiracy” and
created its more moderate version based on his observations of the development of the constitutional
revolution in Naples.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant no. 21-78-10052 “From the Cadiz Constitution to the Petersburg
Uprising: Transfer of Discourses, Ideas, Emotions in the Biedermeier Era” of the Russian Science
Foundation.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: the Bourbons

value: Spain

value: the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

value: the Carbonari

value: history of diplomacy

value: constitutional monarchy

value: liberalism


dc.contributor.author

value: Koren’, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Koren’ E. V. Historiosophical Problems in Russian Thought in the Modern Time. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 242–258. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.114 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the historiosophical problems of Russian thought in the Modern time.
The historiosophical problems of Russian thought were determined by the peculiarities of
spiritual and socio-political life, the development of national and civil consciousness of society,
the formation of the intelligentsia. The major historiosophical problems of Russian
thought since the XIX century have been the reflection on the fate and role of Russia in the
global historical process; conceptualization of the meaning of history; analysis of social development
options; the definition of progress criteria; the clarification of the role of an individual
and people in history, understanding of the meaning of human existence. A number of historiosophical
issues were identified in ideological searches of earlier times. Historiosophical
ideas also influenced the development of historical science in Russia. The history of philosophy
was interconnected with ontology and anthropology, gravitating towards metahistory.
One of the most relevant problems for the Russian historiosophy was the meaning of history,
which attracted the attention of historians, philosophers and other cultural leaders, in the
context of the essence, content, criteria, driving forces of historical development; specifics of
historical knowledge; political and moral significance of historical memory. The problem of
the meaning of history was often revealed in moral and religious contexts, in connection with
spiritual and moral problems of the meaning of human life. In the works of Russian thinkers,
the remarkable ideas were expressed about socio-anthropological and moral meaning of history,
which retain their significance to modern philosophical and historical research, to the
spiritual and value-based self-determination of an individual and society.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: historiosophy

value: philosophy of history

value: historical memory

value: historical self-awareness

value: the meaning of history

value: the meaning of life

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shaposhnik, Vyacheslav V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shaposhnik V. V. Regency and Transfer of Power in Muscovy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 1, рp. 176–189. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the issue of whether there was a regency in the Russian state in the 16th
century and the problem of delegation of power. The author comes to the following conclusion:
the names of persons who were supposed to assume real power in the country for a certain
time in the case of incapacity of the heir under the age were entered into the testaments
of the monarchs. Such records were in the testaments of Vasilii III (1533) and Ivan IV (1553,
1554, 1561/1562, 1584). The author of the study believes that although in Russia at the time
there was no special legislation on the regency, and there were no terms “regent”, “regency” or
“board of guardians”, it is fair to state that regency actually existed in the 16th century. There
could not be the legislation on the regency, with those ideas about power that existed. It was
believed that the sovereign receives his power directly from God. Regents made all their decisions
on behalf of the monarch, despite the fact that the sovereign himself often could not take
part in the affairs of government. The acquisition of additional powers by a few “chosen ones”
caused discontent among other courtiers. This led to the fact that after the death of the sovereign,
the guardians or regents appointed by him often could not retain their special powers of
authority and lost not only power, but also their lives. Everything was decided by the balance
of forces in the court.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation no. 22-18-00151 “The
Changes in the Composition and Image of the Ruling Elite of the Russian State during the Turning Periods
of Russian History in the 16th–17th centuries (Boyars rule, Oprichnina, Time of Troubles, Reigns of Alexey
Mikhailovich, Fedor Alexeevich, the Regency of Princess Sophia)”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: regency

value: regency council

value: board of trustees

value: power

value: Vasilii III

value: Ivan IV

value: testament


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozov, Artem

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozov A. D. Plot features of the travelogue My Son on the Galley by J. Wallenberg. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 129–140. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper deals with the specific plot features of a popular Swedish travelogue My
Son on the Galley (1781) in which Jacob Wallenberg describes his journey from Sweden
to China in 1769–1771. The object of analysis is the general plot structure in travel
novels (using Mikhail Bakhtin’s terminology) and travelogues. As a result, it is proved
that My Son on the Galley is a travelogue with a linear, chronological plot structure. It
includes not only description of the itself and documentary information (about the geographical
and demographic position of the countries visited by the narrator, descriptions
of local nature, traditions, etc.), but also there are adventurous episodes (for example,
about old maids, frightened by the appearance of the Swedes; about the ship, which the
sailors mistook for a pirate one, etc.) in the text. Digressions from the main theme — the
journey — are interspersing as colorful illustrations of the thoughts of the narrator, and
as natural-geographical, ethnographic, cultural content etc. which are so typical for travelogues,
although they do not play significant role in this book. The main object for the
narrator is not visit to one country or another, but secondary details of the surrounding
reality, as well as author’s thoughts inspired by the journey. There are also chapters that
deal with things that are not directly related to the journey (for example, domestic violence
and infidelity of wives). The travelogue My Son on the Galley stands at the origins
of Swedish sentimentalist prose, which was developed at the end of the 18th century.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 21; Issue 1

value: Jacob Wallenberg

value: plot

value: travelogue

value: travel literature

value: Swedish literature


dc.contributor.author

value: Tereshko, Ekaterina

value: Vellinga, Rinske Sophia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tereshko E., Vellinga R. S. Ways of transmitting modal meanings in Dutch-Russian translation: The case of the modal particle maar. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 73–95. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.105

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this study, we examine the strategies translators have at their disposal to render the
meaning of Dutch modal particles in the Russian language. Modal particles are difficult
to translate because the meaning of these words is abstract, highly context-dependent and
sometimes open to multiple interpretations. Based on parallel Dutch-Russian texts we
show which strategies translators use to express the functions of the Dutch modal particle
maar ‘but’ in Russian. The modal particle maar is very often omitted in translations, because
it has no equivalent in Russian and the image of reality given by the sentence does
not become different in a translation when a modal particle is not translated. We find
that maar is most often omitted in the function of mitigating the imperative. Translators
compensate for the lack of an appropriate modal particle by using verbs with a narrower
meaning in Russian which allows them to more accurately describe the drawn context.
We also find that in some cases, translators make use of lexical and grammatical transformation
such as using prefixes in Russian to soften the imperative, rather than omitting
maar completely. In Russian, there are many possibilities to convey modal meaning in
lexico-grammatical ways, for example using particles, verbs with a narrower meaning
and prefixes that soften the imperative; modal verbs as such can take on the function of
expressing modality, and also the verb tense can be used to convey modality.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: modal particles

value: Dutch

value: Russian

value: translation

value: particle maar

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Statkevich, Vladislav

dc.identifier.citation

value: Statkevich V. Pieter Quast’s drawings in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 162–180. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.111 (In Dutch)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses five drawings by the Dutch painter Pieter Quast (circa 1606–
1647) from the collection of the State Hermitage Museum. The sheets shown are unpublished.
They are executed in the artist’s characteristic technique: in black chalk on vellum;
some sheets are signed and dated. They come from three different collections, four of
the drawings came into the museum in the 18th century and one is a late acquisition and
was purchased in 1972. The little-known master’s diverse body of work is represented in
museum collections and private collections mainly by graphic material, including numerous
drawings. The artist’s passion for drawing seems to have also been caused by his
poor financial situation. Although Quast’s biography is known in fragments, published
archival materials reveal the artist’s complex creative path. A study of his works from the
national collection confirms their authorship and gives grounds for speculation about the
reading of the subjects. The themes chosen by the master are inextricably linked with the
pictorial tradition: the work of the 16th century masters, in particular Pieter Bruegel the
Elder, and Quast’s contemporaries Adriaen Braouwer, Adriaen van Ostade and others.
The artist relied heavily on theatrical representations, both biblical and humorous folk
sketches, as an important source of inspiration. This research paper analyses the master’s
drawings both in terms of iconography and using the formal and stylistic method, using
comparative analysis and putting the works in line with the artist’s other famous works.

dc.language.iso

value: other

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 21; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: drawing

value: Pieter Quast

value: State Hermitage Museum

value: 17th century Dutch art

value: genre art

value: popular theatre


dc.contributor.author

value: Svetozarova, Natalia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Svetozarova N. Christian Morgenstern and Henrik Ibsen (an episode in the history of literary translation). Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 152–161. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article discusses the history of creative contacts between the great Norwegian
playwright Henrik Ibsen and the German poet Christian Morgenstern (1871–1914).
Christian Morgenstern’s life was short and marred by physical suffering, but fantastically full and diverse in creative terms. A significant part of Christian Morgenstern’s lyrical
and epistolary legacy was published only after his death thanks to the efforts of his wife
and friends. Christian Morgenstern’s translations of Henrik Ibsen’s works date from the
late 19th century, when the new Solomon Fischer’s publishing house (S. Fischer Verlag)
in Berlin decided to publish the complete works of Ibsen in a translation into a German
language that would be worthy of the original language. The publishing house turned
to a young and at the time still little known poet who, being in love with Scandinavian
literature and with Henrik Ibsen, set to work with great enthusiasm, settled in a
family boarding house near Christiania, in a short time learned Norwegian, consulted
and corresponded with Ibsen several times and as a result created translations for his
plays, the German of which was delighted and earned the high praise of the playwright.
An authorized edition of the translations was printed in Germany between 1898 and
1904 and is now a bibliographic rarity. However, many of Ibsen’s works are still published
in Germany in the translation of Christian Morgenstern, known primarily as an
unsurpassed master of poetic miniatures in a unique style of lyrical humor.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Henrik Ibsen

value: Christian Morgenstern

value: authorized translation

value: Norwegian language

value: German language

value: S. Fischer Verlag

dc.title

filename: 10_Светозарова-Н.Д.-Кристиан-Моргенштерн-и-Генрик-Ибсен-эпизод-из-истории-художественного-перевода.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Dmitrieva, Maria

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dmitrieva M. Verbal and musical texts: Interactions of semiotic codes. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 96–106. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.106

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the paper is to identify the mechanisms of interaction between two
sign systems: the verbal text of the Dutch rhymed psalms of the 19th century and the
musical text of the melodies. The text is broadly understood as an ordered set of semiotic
codes that carry certain information. The discussion of both linguistic and musical
material with the use of musicological and linguopragmatic analysis is innovative. In
the course of the study, an attempt was made to establish the relationship between the
type of rhyme and the way of musical arrangement of the text. For poetic texts with a
cross rhyme, there is a tendency to use repetitions of the melody in accordance with
the rhyme. Texts with a more complex rhythmic organization of the verse are decorated
with variations or author’s reworking of the original melody. At the same time,
the processing of musical material obeys the generally accepted patterns of melody
development within the range of one octave. With a more detailed analytical review,
different types of ways of using the original melodies and adapting them to the needs
of choral church singing can be identified. The determining factor in the choice and
interpretation of the original folk melody is the text of the psalm. Melodies do not have
independence, but are completely subordinated to the verbal text. At the same time,
the musical arrangement serves as an auxiliary means of accentual articulation and
enhances the aesthetic function of the poetic text.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 21; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: semiotic code

value: musical text

value: music and word

value: Lutheran psalm

value: semiotics

value: Dutch

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Korovin, Andrey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korovin A. V. The theme of existential loneliness in Søren Kierkegaard’s and Fyodor Dostoevsky’s works. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 107–128. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the topic of existential loneliness as a category of poetics,
which is reflected in works of the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard and Fyodor
Dostoevsky’s novels. The question of typological convergences in the world view of Kierkegaard
and Dostoevsky has been discussed in philosophical writings, but the question
of literary interpretation of the ontological category of loneliness in books of both
of writers has not be raised. Loneliness becomes one of the most important concepts
for understanding the evolution of human soul (stages on life’s way) in Kierkegaard
philosophy. The theme of loneliness has been developed in Romantic literature and it
was one of the central problems for it, but Kierkegaard invents a new understanding
of human being and uses the concept “existence” to describe it. The human loneliness
in this world becomes both the subject of reflection and the subject of analysis, which
displays the existential dialectics. The similar embodiment of the theme of loneliness is
also the characteristic of Dostoevsky’s works, where a hero, who tries to find himself,
should make his existential choice: to accept or not his own loneliness. And his further
life depends on this choice: he can go to the way of spiritual rise or to death. The theme
of loneliness is closely related to the concept of despair, which was introduced by Kierkegaard,
because it is a human desire to be oneself. In the early Dostoevsky’s books (“The Double”, “Poor Folk”) heroes desire to avoid loneliness abandoning their own
self, and it leads to tragedy. In later books, loneliness becomes a way to find oneself with
different results: it can lead to the collapse of hero’s life (the man from underground,
Smerdyakov, Ivan Karamazov) or to spiritual rise (Raskolnikov, the ridiculous man).
Prince Myshkin could except his loneliness and save himself, but he makes a choice in
favor of passion. Dostoevsky not only describes the emotional state of his lonely heroes,
but he analyzes the phenomenon of loneliness the same way as Kierkegaard does it.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Kierkegaard

value: Dostoevsky

value: loneliness

value: existence

value: Danish literature

dc.title

filename: 07_Коровин-А.В.-ТЕМА-ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО-ОДИНОЧЕСТВА-У-С.-КИРКЕГОРА-И-Ф.-ДОСТОЕВСКОГО.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikulicheva, Dina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikulicheva D. The three-term model of communication and the system of Danish deictic pronouns. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 39–57. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the system of deictic pronouns in Danish. It is argued that in
addition to binary oppositions expressing the objective (nearest vs distant) location of
objects in the physical space relative to the speaker, like this vs that — denne vs den, a
three-term opposition develops in modern Danish. This allows to specify the subjective
interaction between the three participants in the communicative act: the speaker (1st
person), the listener (2nd person) and the objects of the surrounding world (3rd person).
The system of secondary demonstrative pronouns — deictic binomials — is investigated.
“Deictic binomial” is used as a term for an analytical combination of a simple
deictic pronoun and a spatial adverb. Four possible combinations of such binomials
are considered. The Danish Corpus (KorpusDK) analysis made it possible to assert
that combinations of proximal deixis indicators — such as denne her ‘this here’ — are
subjective markers of 1st person signaling that the deictic object enters into the speaker’s
personal space. Combinations of indicators of distal and proximal deixis (such as
den her ‘that here’) are “cohortatives” — subjective markers of the 2nd person, signaling
the common perception of shared attitude to the deictic object by the speaker and its
addressee. Combinations of analytical indicators of distal deixis (such as den der ‘that
there’) — shift the negatively evaluated object outside the personal space of the speaker
and the space of communication, which corresponds to the communicative function
of the 3rd person. The search in the Danish Corpus for the fourth type of combinations,
that is, combinations of proximal and distal deixis (such as denne der ‘this there’) gives
practically no results. This confirms the conclusion that the paradigm for expressing
the speakers subjective attitude to the object of deixis in modern Danish is represented
by three categories that correspond to three “spatial areas” — the speaker’s personal
space (1st person), the common communication space shared with the addressee (2nd person), an external space into which the speaker subjectively removes the disapproved
or alienated objects of deixis (3rd person).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 21; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Danish language

value: three-term model of communication

value: deictic pronouns

value: pronominal binomials

value: personal space of the speaker

value: common communication space

value: subjectively alienated space


dc.contributor.author

value: Alyoshin, Aleksey

value: Ivanov, Evgeny

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alyoshin A., Ivanov Е. Swedish parallels of Belarusian proverbs: Structural-semantic modeling. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 5–23. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.101

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the identification and differentiation of Swedish parallels
of the most common Belarusian proverbs according to the nature of interlingual
correlation. The goal involves the use of interlingual structural-semantic modeling of
proverbs to identify complete proverbial analogues in different languages, identical
structural models of proverbs, identical proverbial images and concepts. The material
for the study was 320 Swedish proverbs, which are interlingual correlates of Belarusian
proverbs. Proverbs-analogues in the Swedish and Belarusian languages are differentiated
according to the nature of the interlingual community into two typologically
significant groups: universal proverbs and international proverbs. Interlingual correlates
of Swedish and Belarusian proverbs, which have the same structural models, are
differentiated into several typologically significant groups depending on the nature of
the variability of the lexical composition, due to the difference in the conceptual and
figurative plan of proverbs. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion
that in the Swedish language there are a significant number of proverbs that are full or
partial correspondences of the most commonly used Belarusian proverbs. A comparative
analysis based on the structural-semantic modeling of proverbs made it possible
to differentiate Swedish and Belarusian proverbial parallels into three typologically significant
groups of units: similar proverbs, proverbs with identical structural models, proverbs with identical images and concepts. Swedish proverbs containing images and
concepts identical to Belarusian proverbs are characterized by partial ethnocultural
marking of their content, as well as the absence of a strict connection between the
correlation in the content of proverbs in different languages and the presence of identical
images and concepts in proverbs. The absence of such a connection indicates the
typological similarity of the figurative-conceptual spaces of the Swedish and Belarusian
proverbial pictures of the world, in which manifestations of interlingual community
and national specificity are deeply mutually determined.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: paremiology

value: proverb

value: interlingual analogue

value: structural model

value: image

value: concept

value: Swedish language

value: Belarusian language

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Benko, Vladimír

value: Gurova, Elena

value: Khokhlova, Maria

value: Krasnova, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Benko V., Gurova E., Khokhlova M., Krasnova E. Corpus analysis of the co-occurrence of the concept hygge. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 24–38. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.102

dc.description.abstract

value:
The notion that a language worldview is shaped by a system of key concepts as
well as ideas and motifs linking them, which are expressed in the meaning of individual
lexemes and phrases, has informed a number of studies of culturally specific
words and even entire semantic fields. Comparison of different language worldviews
has revealed many differences, which at first sight seem insignificant but may hinder
successful communication. The concept of hygge occupies a special place in the Danish
language worldview and has become somewhat of a Danish hallmark. Our study uses
corpus data to analyse six co-occurrence patterns of words representing the concept
hygge, which allows us to explicate the implicit meaning components of the lexemes in
question and to identify the most frequent patterns. The material used was the Danish
Gigaword Corpus (DAGW), which includes texts collected from the Internet. The
corpus covers the Danish language in all its diversity: a variety of genres and types of
texts are represented in the corpus (law, social media, subtitles, debates, conversation
notes, encyclopaedia articles, fiction, news, etc.). The high frequency of the words representing
the concept hygge in the corpus texts once again confirms the importance of
this concept for Danish culture. The combinational properties of all the models studied
show a striking uniformity: all collocations are characterized by positive connotations and can be categorized into a small set of thematic groups (place, time, atmosphere,
hobbies, spending time together and communicating). The above co-occurrence analysis
allows us to identify the following set of characteristics of the concept hygge: a
feeling of peace, tranquillity and security, enjoyment and good mood that comes from
being engaged in active pursuits, presence of close, familiar people, a familiar, wellknown
place, a shared time together.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 21; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Danish

value: corpus analysis

value: hygge

value: language worldview

value: co-occurrence


dc.contributor.author

value: Taratonkina, Irina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Taratonkina I. Alexander Kuchin (1888–1913?) and his Small Russian- Norwegian dictionary. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 181– 192. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.112

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article introduces Alexander Kuchin and his “Small Russian-Norwegian dictionary”,
which was published in 1907 by the publishing house “Pomor” (Finnmarken)
in Vardø (Norway) and was very popular at that time. Its author, Alexander Stepanovich
Kuchin, a man with a unique destiny, is known to compatriots as the only Russian
who participated in the discovery of the South Pole in the Roald Amundsen’s expedition,
and also as the first of our countrymen who, after the discovery of Antarctica
in 1820 by the expedition of Faddey F. Bellingshausen and Michael P. Lazarev, landed
on the coast of the Southern continent. A talented young man who died in the expedition
of Vladimir A. Rusanov at the age of only 25, made a great contribution to
science, research and navigation. Born in the village of Kushereka in the Onega district
of the Arkhangelsk province, Alexander received a good education for that time.
He graduated from a two-grade parochial school in Kushereka, brilliantly studied at
the Onega City School, attended classes at the Tromsø school for a year and was the
only one in the course graduated from the Arkhangelsk Merchant and Maritime School
with a gold medal. He read H. Ibsen, K. Hamsun, J. Falkberget and other writers in the
original. Alexander was also lucky to work at the biological station in Bergen under
the direction of Bjørn Hjelland-Hansen, one of the founders of oceanography as a science;
here he also met Fridtjof Nansen, one of the national Norwegian heroes, which
played a significant role in A. Kuchin’s life. The “Small Russian-Norwegian dictionary”
was published in 2,000 copies and was very popular that time. The dictionary contains
around 4,000 words on 48 pages. There are no proper names in it, but at the end of the
dictionary basic information about the phonetics and grammar of the Norwegian language
is disposed. It is focused on Russian users and arouses undoubted interest among
linguists, since it appeared in 1907, two years after the termination of the union with
Sweden. It is valuable that Alexander Kuchin, not being a linguist, fixed the language used by common people such as fishermen and trawlermen in the North of Norway
(particularly in Finnmark and Troms). Such a democratic version of the language is
also of special scientific interest. In general, the dictionary was caused by necessity,
appeared at a proper time, was well compiled and completely fulfilled the functions
assigned to it.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Norwegian

value: bilingual dictionaries

value: Russian-Norwegian dictionaries

value: small dictionaries

value: Alexander Kuchin


dc.contributor.author

value: Popova, Olga

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popova O. The influence of Latin on somatisms in the Norwegian language. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 58–72. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
Language interaction has always been a matter of interest to linguists. Despite the fact
of profound influence of Latin on many languages in many sciences, including medicine,
the question concerning the borrowings of anatomical vocabulary, namely somatisms,
or body parts, from Latin in Norwegian and its influence on the Norwegian anatomical
terminology is of particular interest. The study focuses on the influence of Latin on
the names of different body parts in Norwegian, thereby revealing some peculiarities of
somatisms in the Norwegian language. Taking into account the historical background
and cross-cultural interaction, some groups of somatisms have been distinguished. The
most abundant group includes single word somatisms and compounds that do not have
their norwegianized Latin form. The second group consists of the Norwegian somatisms,
which have identical or nearly identical morphemic form with somatisms in Latin, incorporating
single word somatisms as well as some compounds where one or even two parts
are norwegianized Latin forms with some semantic peculiarities. We have also singled
out the anatomical terms that have a norwegianized Latin form and a parallel native form.
Mostly the borrowings in this group underwent orthographic changes adapting them to
the Norwegian language. The results show that on the whole the Norwegian language
preserves its identity, uniqueness and selective modifying purism in anatomical vocabulary,
with some instances of being dependent on Latin.

dc.subject

value: Latin

value: somatisms

value: body parts

value: anatomical vocabulary

value: purism

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Surkov, Vladislav

dc.identifier.citation

value: Surkov V. The power of time in lyrical poetry by Per Atterbom and Viktor Rydberg. Scandinavian Philology, 2023, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 141–151. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2023.109

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the concept of time in human and global perspective in the
poetry of two Swedish authors of the 19th century: Per Atterbom and Viktor Rydberg.
These two poets belong to different branches of the Romantic movement. Atterbom
represents the early mystic Romanticism and he is one of the first Romantic authors
in Sweden. Rydberg is a post-Romantic poet: his poetic works contain features that are
characteristic of the literature of Romanticism, but they were written in the last decades
of the century. The theme of the power of time is one of the most important for both authors,
it determines characters of lyrical heroes and poetics in many of their poems but
in different ways. Atterbom represents the destructive power of time. Thus, the main
characters of his fairy tale play “The Isle of Bliss”, Hyperborean king Astolf and nymph
Felicia, live on a magical island and aspire to escape from Time, but Time overcomes
them. Atterbom shows in his poetry that time hasn’t its limits in the world beyond.
Rydberg represents the characters who try to apprehend the rules of time. The immortal
mythological creatures in his poems (the Tomten, the elf of a river) cannot explain
why time has such an influence on man and mankind. This theme corresponds with
a philosophical matter of the meaning of human life. The humans in Rydberg’s lyrics do
not try to overcome time as they perceive the nature and its rules throw their senses.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 21; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Romanticism

value: time

value: Swedish literature

value: lyrics

value: Rydberg

value: Atterbom


dc.contributor.author

value: Semenova, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Semenova, Natalia. “From An Optimistic Tragedy to a ‘Revolutionary Concert’: Recycling of Soviet Historical Past in Contemporary Russian Theatre”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 107–127. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the recycling of Soviet culture in productions of contemporary Russian
theatre. In 2017, Victor Ryzhakov staged at Alexandrinsky theatre An Optimistic tragedy.
A Farewell Ball, Asya Voloshina’s remake of a play written by Vsevolod Vishnevsky in 1932–
1933. Such directors as Alexander Tairov, Georgy Tovstonogov, Mark Zakharov, and others
had turned to An Optimistic Tragedy during the crucial moments of Soviet theatre history.
In the 21st century this play has become claimed again. However, the interpretation of the text
and its theatrical language drastically changed. The issues of intergenerational relationships
and memory of the historical past have come to the fore. The story of anarchist sailors got a
new birth largely due to an experimental approach to music in the performance. Music and
chorus were central components of Vishnevsky’s play. In the first edition of An Optimistic
Tragedy, the chorus represented a metaphor of the court of history. In the following stage
versions of An Optimistic Tragedy its role has been decreased till in Ryzhakov’s production
the sailors that constituted the chorus became passive witnesses of history, the ghosts of the
past. Such evolution of the chorus was accompanied by techniques of postdramatic theatre
(cross-casting, retreat from the original play), engagement of top hits, poems, popular music,
and rap songs, written by Voloshina specifically for A Farewell Ball. Thus, A Farewell Ball
may be called a complicated pastiche that combines texts of different periods and genres.
To disclose the mechanisms of cultural selection, Ryzhakov applies the method of etudes.
Such fragmentality and polyphony embody the chaos of revolution with juxtaposed voices
narrating its personal stories.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-18-00414
“Soviet Culture Today (Forms of Cultural Recycling in Russian Art and Aesthetics of the Everyday Life.
1990s–2010s”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 1

value: Optimistic tragedy

value: recycling of Soviet culture

value: chorus

value: postdramatic theatre

value: Victor Ryzhakov

value: Vsevolod Vishnevsky

value: Asya Voloshina

value: Alexander Tairov

value: Georgy Tovstonogov


dc.contributor.author

value: Lavrova, Svetlana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lavrova, Svetlana. “To the Concept of ‘Sound Object’ in Musical Theory and Composition Practice of the End of the 20th — the Beginning of the 21st Century”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 20–39. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the concept of “sound object”, fundamental category for music of the
late 20th — early 21st century. It is considered from the standpoint of Pierre Schaeffer’s theory
of concrete music, Helmut Lachenmann’s concrete instrumental music, Dennis Smalley’s
spectromorphology, James Tenney’s gestalt theory, and is also interpreted within the philosophical
framework of Graham Harman’s object-oriented ontology and Bruno Latour’s actor-
network theory. The works of Beat Furrer, Peter Ablinger and Georg Friedrich Haas are
also analyzed. The conclusion from the research is that in order to interpret the concept and
phenomenon of a sound object in modern compositional practice, which is extremely diverse,
musicological methods are not enough, and therefore, an appeal to modern philosophy can contribute to a more accurate interpretation and help analyze the objects of modern sound
world in all their diversity.

value: sound object

value: Helmut Lachenmann

value: James Tenney

value: Dennis Smalley

value: Georg Friedrich Haas

value: Peter Ablinger

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Panov, Alexei A.

value: Rosanoff, Ivan V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Panov, Alexei, and Ivan Rosanoff. “Performing Ornaments in English Harpsichord Music. Part III”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 62–106. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
The closer the study of the problems of executing ornaments in England comes to the eighteenth
century, the more various scientific materials become available and the more connections
are found with the continental countries of Europe. Among the many publications, it
was necessary to refer to a large number of instructions books designed for learning to play
various instruments, including the harpsichord, such as “The Harpsichord Master”, Playford’s
publications of “An Introduction to the Skill of Music” (issued during 1694 and 1730), “The delightful
companion, or, Choice new lessons for the recorder or flute” (published by Robert Carr),
“The Compleat Tutor to the Hautboy; or the Art of Playing on that Instrument”
(published by
J. Walsh) and many other. Along with this, the number of publications devoted to the study
of this period is constantly increasing in the 20th and 21st centuries. In this article, a task is
undertaken devoted, on the one hand, to a comprehensive consideration of the mentioned
materials, on the other hand, a critical assessment is devoted to their later scientific study.
As a “starting” point the “Short, easy, & plain rules” of Cap. Prendcourt (c1700) supplied with
an ornamentation table are taken. The realizations of ornaments from Prendcourt are studied
in the context of English, French and German sources of that period. It is namely this angle of
study which forced the authors to resort to scrupulous and detailed consideration of the many
subtleties associated with the execution of various ornaments.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: shake

value: tremblement

value: tremblement simple

value: tremblement détaché

value: tremblement appuyé

value: coulé

value: back-fall

value: fore-fall

value: plain note & shake

value: appoggiatura

value: doppelt-cadence

value: mordant

value: Vorschlag

value: Nachschlag