dc.contributor.author

value: Teplyashin, Pavel V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Teplyashin, Pavel V. 2020. “Concept of the development of the Russian penitentiary system in light of interpreted principles of European penitentiary practice”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 129–139.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article, based on the study of the European experience in the execution of criminal
penalties, it is proposed to supplement the national criminal-penal policy with a number of
principles, among which, in particular, are mutual consideration of the interests of the individual,
society and the state; the expediency which excludes the priority of legal conformity
in the process of using foreign penitentiary experience; coherence which allows for avoiding
contradictions between national and international law in terms of social and economic possibilities
for the implementation of humanitarian standards. The concept of the development
of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation until 2020 is analyzed and criticized from
the perspective of these principles. It is shown that the growing trend of complaints from those
convicted to the European Court of Human Rights, related to the fact that the established
regime requirements violate a number of constitutional rights of these persons and the provisions
of The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950, is not taken into account. It is substantiated that a revision of the domestic
conceptual foundations of the regime is required, which continues to express primarily the
punitive claims of the state to the convicted person. It is stated that the provisions of the
European Prison Rules for various reasons are not fully implemented in Western prison systems
and therefore should be extremely carefully interpreted in the legislative structures of
Russian penal law. It is concluded that it is possible to take into account the criticisms set forth
in the article when developing the Concept for the modernization of the penitentiary system
(2021–2030).

dc.subject

value: European law

value: foreign experience

value: correctional institution

value: international standards

value: penitentiary ideology

value: law enforcement practice

value: remedies

value: conditions of detention


dc.contributor.author

value: Changhai, Long

dc.identifier.citation

value: Changhai Long. 2020. “The problem of criminal sanctions in China: Current situation and prospects”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 173–179.

dc.description.abstract

value:
China’s penal code of 1997 is based on behavioral criminal law. The definition of crime is
grounded in the theory of the classical schools of criminal law which believed that only the
outside behavior of people should be subject to criminal law evaluation. The object of punishment
in criminal law is precisely the behavior that endangers the society. Correspondingly,
when the actor carries out behaviors that endanger society, they should bear criminal responsibility
according to the provisions of the criminal code. Punishment is the main form of criminal
responsibility in China. China’s social prosperity and unprecedented risks and challenges
precede the country’s rapid economic growth and China’s criminal law must be changed accordingly.
The criminal law concepts of classical schools, based on “behavior,” are facing a
series of dilemmas in using criminal law to fight crime and protect human rights. In light of
this, the criminal sanctions by the standards of Personal Dangerousness have been gradually
strengthened in the Chinese criminal code. The Criminal Law Amendment (8) added the regulation
on provisions of Criminal Restraining order in 2011. The Criminal Law Amendment (9)
added the occupational prohibition system in 2014. Both systems are not aimed at punishing committed crimes, but at the prevention of unexpected crimes. The basic trend of China’s
criminal sanction reform is to change the traditional criminal sanction function, which mainly
focuses on punishment, and to increase the security sanction system accordingly.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The current study is supported by an MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Youth Foundation
Project of Humanities and Social Sciences titled with “The Research on the Governance of Extremist Crimes
of Russia and its Reference” (Project No. 15YJC820037).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: Criminal Law of China

value: Criminal Concept

value: Classical Schools of Criminal Law

value: Criminal Responsibility

value: Penalty

value: Personal Dangerousness

value: Amendment to Criminal Law

value: Criminal Sanctions

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Guruleva, Irina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guruleva, Irina. “Ballet Fairy-Tale. Sketches by Dimitri Bouchène for Serge Lifar’s Productions”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 1 (2020): 132–151.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is dedicated to set designs and sketches for costumes, performed by Russian-French
artist Dimitri Bouchène (1893–1993) for ballets choreographed by Serge Lifar. Bouchèn emigrated
from the Soviet Union in 1925. In Europe he successfully worked in different styles
and genres: as a painter, book illustrator and graphic artist, designer for fashion and interiors.
Bouchène is known primarily as a set designer. He was the author of set designs and sketches
for costumes for more than 30 productions: dramatic performances, operas, ballets, and individual
dances. In the 1940s–1960s, he made stage designs for 6 ballets staged by Serge Lifar in
France (Paris, Grand Opera), Sweden (Göteborg, Stora Theater) and Portugal (Lisbon, Tivoli
Theater). The article is the first to summarize this material, touching on each performance
and known designs for them in detail. Its aim is to identify the place and role of these works
in developing the artistic manner of Bouchène and draw attention to the successfully formed
creative and friendly tandem of the artist and choreographer. In the drawings made for Lifar’s
ballets, the artist demonstrates a bold and broad stroke, active work of colour, inherent
in his mature manner. Bouchène’s decoration designs are ornamental, full of expression and
dynamics; they are distinguished by brilliance, play of saturated colour spots and temperamental
manner. Creating sketches for costumes, Bouchène uses colour intensity, possibilities
of various textures and the ability to combine them, accented with decorations to enhance and
emphasize the characters and images.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: scenic painting

value: Russian emigration

value: ballet

value: musical theater

value: costumes and scenery

value: set design

value: sketches

value: drawing


dc.contributor.author

value: Novoselova, Maria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Novoselova, Maria A. 2020. “The actual aspects of the prevention of the illegal beneficial interest to become and the administrative-legal regulation of the tax system of the Russian Federation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 87–101.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author creates a model (pyramid) of the causality which occurs under the tax legal regulatory
mechanism. There is an analysis of the details of implementation of a risk-based approach
by the Russian tax authorities with use of innovative hardware and software system. Having
based on the research data the author suggests the way to improve an administrative legal
regulatory mechanism which will increase the effectiveness of tax administration and reduce
the risk of harm to the public interests. And it is important to comply with a principle of the
personification of the responsibility of the individuals. These individuals are real or nominal
officials of a company or an individual entrepreneur, and their actions lead to the fact that a
taxpayer (the company or individual entrepreneur) had got the unreasonable tax benefit. Invocation
of the administrative responsibility to the individuals, as we can suppose, will make it possible to improve the legal regulatory mechanism working within the group of relations
which are studied in the research. In addition to this, the study reveals the appropriateness of
the change the size of sanctions applying to the officials found responsible for such violations.
A sanction should be ranked according to the form of guilty. It appears that a tax legal regulatory
mechanism with a risk-based approach should take place given the characteristics it takes
on in any independent methodological plane (juridical, psychological, sociological, historical,
and political one). As a result, psychological, sociological, and historical factors start working
in the process of the juridical construction impact on the object of the legal regulation. And
in the long term these factors would enable the mechanism to prevent the illegal beneficial
interest of the real beneficiaries to become bot not merely to remove the negative legal, and
economic consequences of their misconduct.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: risk-based approach

value: control and supervisory activities

value: independent methodological plane

value: beneficiary

value: business purpose

value: beneficial interest

value: unreasonable tax benefit


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreev, Vladimir K.

value: Laptev, Vasiliy A.

value: Chucha, Sergey Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreev, Vladimir K., Vasily A. Laptev, Sergey Yu. Chucha. 2020. “Artificial intelligence in the system of electronic justice by consideration of corporate disputes”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 19–34.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Trends in the development of modern public relations illustrate a desire to use artificial intelligence
in the field of electronic justice. The developed ideas of technological aspects in the work
of artificial intelligence do not add up in terms of justice for both domestic and foreign jurists.
The unpreparedness of a legislator to define a legal regime of work for artificial intelligence is
caused by lack of experience in its use. Implementation of artificial intelligence in the activities
of society will show the merits and demerits only after some time. Under the specified circumstances,
forecasting the prospects of development for mechanisms of legal regulation in the
work of machine intelligence is represented very conditionally. In the present article, possible
ways and legal consequences for the implementation of artificial intelligence in the system of
electronic justice in Russia on the example of corporate disputes are investigated. The chosen
category of disputes is not accidental. By considering corporate disputes, artificial intelligence
will allow courts to quickly and authentically establish the essential facts of the case, to check
arguments of participants in the process and, as a result, it is essential to reduce the time of
acceptance of the objective decision. In corporate relations often an assessment is required of
the conscientiousness behavior of participants regardless of the emotional and psychological
factors, in particular influencing the work of the judge-person. The understanding of artificial
intelligence as a digital program on the basis of its programmers of mathematical algorithms,
developing “new” solutions (machine thinking), demands research of algorithms of its work
in court, including in terms of optimization of trial and the purpose for establishment of the
truth in business. In the work, two scopes of artificial intelligence in court are divided by consideration
of corporate disputes: office-work and the general judicial proceedings; assessment
of proofs and establishment of legally significant circumstances in a corporate dispute.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research according to the research
project No. 18-29-16079 “E-economy: conceptual bases of legal regulation of business in Russia”.

dc.subject

value: court

value: legal proceedings

value: artificial intelligence

value: electronic justice

value: corporate disputes

value: electronic proofs

value: legal proceedings language

value: digital protocol

value: judicial cloud

value: large deals

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Talapina, Elvira V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Talapina, Elvira V. 2020. “The Law on information during an era of Big Data”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 4–18.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article the rules of the Federal law “About Information, Information Technologies, and
Information Protection” are investigated in relation to the emergence of a digital economy.
Through comparison of private law and public law approaches to regulation of the information
relations, the author comes to the conclusion that data in digital form processed with
greater velocity and in large volumes, assumes other regulation logic. The design of information
access, enforced as a subjective right, is focused on information target requests that are
ineffective in digital conditions. The Russian State already creates Open Data, but it is rather
for formal performance of the Law, whereas the main purpose of Open Data is the free reusing
of this data by business structures, citizens and civil society institutes for obtaining new data
and new products. The interaction with society is overlooked, as is the case with transparency
as well. Transparency as the principle approved in public law overcomes even individualism of
private law, having paved the way for the principle of openness by default, peculiar to an era of
Big Data. The Law on information ignores the existence of data in digital form, so the modification
of the legislation is required. It would be reasonable to test the Law on information in
new digital conditions in the mode of a regulatory sandbox that will allow for determining the
norms which have become absolutely outdated, which need modification, and are capable of
being applied without problems to digital technologies. At the same time it will be quite difficult
to provide a balance of public and private laws: in a technical format of data creation the
purpose is already present that neutralizes the difference between the public law relations and
the private law. As a result, we will have a confusion of public law and private law regulators.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared on the basis of the results of the scientific project “Data turnover in Public
Administration: prospects of legal regulation”, carried out within the framework of the Russian Academy of
National Economy and Public Administration State order (2019).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: digitalization

value: data

value: open data

value: big data

value: information

value: law

value: regulatory sandbox


dc.contributor.author

value: Popondopulo, Vladimir F.

value: Petrov, Dmitrii A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popondopulo, Vladimir F., Dmitrii A. Petrov. 2020. “Compliance as a legal instrument for minimizing risks and prevention of offences”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 102– 114.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the concept and legal significance of compliance as a system of measures
taken by business entities and aimed at accounting for business risks and prevention of
possible offenses. The result of entrepreneurial activity cannot be guaranteed, as it depends
on a variety of external and internal factors, objective and subjective causes of manifestation,
which predetermine the discussion about entrepreneurial risk, its limits and mechanisms of
minimization. For discussion, the author proposes the definition of compliance as a risk management
system of non-compliance of an economic entity with the rules of law and all other
important factors for business. The introduction of a compliance system in the activities of
an economic entity should be considered as a natural need within the framework of freedom
of entrepreneurial activity, and the compliance itself as an instrument of self-control of the
entrepreneur. Compliance should not be equated with the tools of administrative control. The
principle of voluntary compliance dictates the voluntary implementation of the compliance
system, and the mandatory application of compliance procedures should be based on a riskbased
approach as a special method of organization and implementation of internal control,
the severity of potential negative consequences. The criterion of mandatory application for
compliance procedures may be the severity of potential negative consequences of competition,
rather than the type of legal form of a legal entity or participation in its authorized capital
of public entities. To do this, it is necessary to develop the principles of compliance control
and on their basis to introduce appropriate procedures. Within the framework of collective
actions for a group of persons, the parent company of the group of persons is obliged to ensure
the unity of approaches to the organization of compliance and be responsible for ensuring its
effective organization.


dc.contributor.author

value: Sergeev, Maxim V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sergeev, Maxim. “Professional Musical Instrument Makers in 18th Century Russia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 1 (2020): 68–88.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The scarcity of historical materials used by the 20th century Russian musicologists led them
to challenge the qualifications of Russia’s first musical instrument makers. Additional sources
ascertain that the creation of a legislative framework and concessions introduced by the Russian
government attracted dozens of Europe’s instrument builders to Russia. Thanks to their
activity, Russia saw the start of the skilled craft production of musical instruments in the early
18th century and the manufacturing of the piano in the 1740s. In the period from 1710 to 1780,
many of the instument makers were professionally versatile and capable of making virtually
all types of instruments. In spite of this, European instruments were in small demand and a
portion of the builders had to secure a second job as either a civil servant or a musician. Earlier
researchers were deluded by such dual roles and regarded these individuals as musicians
who learnt to become an instrument maker. The 1770s saw piano builders becoming involved
in a more specialized production of either pianofortes and harpsichords or pianofortes and
organs. Combination pianos (Piano-Organs, Piano organisé) became particularly common
in Russia, their craftsmen’s skill being well known of in Europe. Early documents and surviving
instruments of the period suggest the musical instrument makers cannot be regarded as
“short-lived” or “artisanal.” The majority of the foreign instrument makers settled in Russia
for decades, opened up workshops, worked for the Court theatre, had students, and created
Russia’s school of professional musical instrument building.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 1

value: musical instrument makers

value: organology

value: piano makers

value: Förster

value: Dammat

value: Wilde

value: Gabrahn

value: Kirschnick

value: Russia

value: 18th century

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Demidova, Maria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Demidova, Maria. “The Interpretation of Emblem Concordia by Andrea Alciato in Peter Paul Rubens and Diego Velázquez paintings”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 1 (2020): 152–176.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article postulates that two famous paintings of the 17th century “The Surrender of Breda”
by Diego Velazquez and “Meeting of the two Ferdinands” by Peter Paul Rubens were influenced
by the emblem “Concordia” from Andrea Alciato’s book. This point of view has already
been discussed repeatedly in relation to Velázquez’s painting, but for the first time it
is expressed with reference to Rubens’s work. The hypothesis is justified by the analysis of
the historical and cultural situation, mainly, by the materials related to the ceremonial entry
of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand to Antwerp in April 1635. The painting “Meeting of the two
Ferdinands” has also been considered in the context of the “solemn encounter” type of works,
among which it occupies a particular place due to its emphasized centerpiece — handshake,
symbolic motif, derived from the Roman antiquity. The new interpretation turns the emblem
“Concordia” into a connecting link between the two works by Rubens and Velázquez. It further
justifies the point of view of those researchers who wrote about the formal proximity of
the two paintings. Both artworks were created at the same time (1634–1635), and their relationship
does not seem to be a coincidence, although it remains unclear how two artists could
learn about each other’s ideas. The article offers an answer to the long-posed question: why
the significant handshake motif, taken from the “Concordia” emblem, is absent in Velázquez’s
painting. The analysis of the work by the Spanish painter brings to light the complex allegorical
composition, hidden behind the realistic manner of that historical canvas. The revealed
distinction in regard to the mentioned emblem indicates the clandestine polemical position of
the younger artist, who might have deliberately taken a similar theme after his older colleague,
but made a completely different interpretation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Andrea Alciato

value: Diego Velázquez

value: Peter Paul Rubens

value: Thirty Years War

value: emblem

value: antique tradition

value: historical picture

value: Breda

value: Nördlingen


title: Poetics of Japanese Calligraphy of Kana

dc.contributor.author

value: Aganina, Nadezhda S.

value: Tretyakova, Maria S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aganina, Nadezhda, and Maria Tretyakova. “Poetics of Japanese Calligraphy of Kana”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 1 (2020): 89–105.

dc.description.abstract

value:
There has been little research concerning Japanese calligraphy in Western art history. Even
in Japan the calligraphy of syllabic scripts kana has been actively studied only during the last
ten years. The complexity of the study lies in the fact that the works of kana calligraphy are
usually written in old Japanese, combined with cursive Chinese characters (‘mixed writing’),
which requires special training even from a Japanese researcher. Since the calligraphy of kana
is tightly connected with the poetry of waka and haiku, within this paper we analyze it in its
relation to the history of traditional Japanese poetry. The objective of this study is to define
the specific nature of kana calligraphy, which reflects a special ‘poetic sentiment’ inherited
from waka and haiku. In this research we compare kana with Chinese calligraphy characters
and discover that kana calligraphy is fluid in principal, matching the aesthetics of waka,
which has a flowing of meanings, as a rule. We also analyze the later influence of haiku on
kana calligraphy and conclude that haiku partly reverts the latter to kana Chinese calligraphy
characters (where scripts can be written separately). In this paper we analyze the works of the
most famous Japanese calligraphers who specialized in kana: Ono-no Michikaze (802–853),
Fujiwara-no Yukinari (966–1028), Goho Hibino (1901–1985). We conclude that a distinctive
feature of kana calligraphy in waka is sensual beauty while calligraphy in haiku is more
restrained and simple. The results of the research are considered to be important not only as
a theoretical basis for further investigations of kana, but they also present the grounds for a
general reconsidering of the European art of writing as well.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Japanese calligraphy

value: Japanese poetry

value: poetic sentiment

value: calligraphy of kana

value: waka

value: tanka

value: haiku

dc.title

value: Poetics of Japanese Calligraphy of Kana


dc.contributor.author

value: Ogarkova, Nataliia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ogarkova, Natalia. “The Music Salon in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 1 (2020): 17–40.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the issues of music functioning in the culture of Russian salons of the
first half of the 19th century. The salon is regarded as a significant socio-cultural institution
structured in accordance with chronology and time, the composition of guests and modes of
communication, concert and theatrical practices, and the administrative and artistic strategy
mapped out by salon hosts. The paper analyses the social composition of salons, which allows
for two types of salons to be distinguished: the aristocratic (hosted by Z. A. Volkonskaia,
Mikhail Yu. Vielgorskii, and A. F. L’vov) and the artistic (founded by A. S. Dargomyzhskii).
The author identifies the principles that comprise the salon space, irrespective of its type,
and the main components of which are concert-theatrical and game-entertainment modes of
communication. The primary focus is given to the phenomenon of the salon concert, which
is analyzed in detail. The article touches upon the issue of the stylistic specifics of salons from
sentimental to pre-romantic and romantic with an emphasis on the order of priorities set for
the music to be performed, thereby mythologizing and de-mythologizing the creator composer
— ‘the artist.’ A special section of the article is devoted to communicative functions of
music in the salon culture.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: salon

value: socio-cultural institution

value: Russia

value: 19th century

value: salon concert

value: musical genres

value: music as communication

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Panov, Alexei A.

value: Rosanoff, Ivan V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Panov, Alexei, and Ivan Rosanoff. “Performing Ornaments in English Virginal and Harpsichord Music (Based on the Study of Original Interpretation Instructions)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 1 (2020): 41–67.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The focus of the article is centered on the problems of performing ornaments in English virginal
music of the Elizabethan and several first decades of Post-Elizabethan time. The paper
presents a comparative analysis of information from historical sources, representing the views
of early British virginalists regarding the methods and rules which deal with the interpretation
of the unique, for that period, ornament signs. Special attention is given to the MS Res. 1186
located in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Historically, the situation was such that except
for information from the MS materials by Edward Bevin (c1630), science did not have
any information directly related to the execution of virginal ornamentation. A critical review
is undertaken of the scientific literature of the 19th–21st centuries, devoted to the interpretation
of early English virginal music, as well as the review of information from reference
and encyclopedic literature. Numerous inaccuracies, discrepancies and even serious errors
in the interpretation and presentation of materials from early sources by modern researchers
are revealed. As a result a generalization is provided in which it is stated that there are many
possibilities for performing virginal ornaments marked by double oblique strokes, but not
playing them from the above auxiliary note except in the cadential (semi- and quasi-cadential)
contexts. The article also examines the possible correlations between performing principles of
English virginalists and the practical recommendations from the well known Spanish, Italian,
German and French treatises from the analyzed period.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-012-00208.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Ornamentation

value: English virginal music

value: Edward Bevin

value: William Byrd

value: John Bull

value: Orlando Gibbons

value: Thomas Tallis

value: John Blow

value: Blitheman


dc.contributor.author

value: Krom, Anna E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krom, Anna. “The East in the Works of Charles Griffes”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 1 (2020): 3–16.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the oriental compositions of the American composer Charles Griffes
(1884–1920), created in the 1910s. These include the symphonic poem “The Pleasure-Dome of
Kubla Khan” (1912–1917), the vocal cycle “Five Poems of Ancient China and Japan” for voice
and piano (1916–1917), and the Japanese pantomime “Sho-Jo” (1917). Significant creative contacts
(Eva Gauthier, A. Coomaraswamy, E. Bloch, A. Bolm, M. Ito), extensive reading, fascination
with folklore, poetry, painting, and philosophy of Asian countries led to the formation of his
own method of working with oriental materials. The composer saw prospects for the interaction
of Western and Eastern music in his address to the archaic, to the stylization of ancient folklore.
An example is the music for the pantomime “Sho-Jo” and the cycle “Five Poems of Ancient China
and Japan.” Natural modes (pentatonic modes), organ points, ascetic quarto-quinto-second
verticals, spatial sound, and rhythmic ostinato allow us to draw parallels with new folkloristics,
in particular, with the works of I. F. Stravinsky. In the symphonic poem “The Pleasure-Dome
of Kubla Khan,” the European influences at the forefront are associated with the study of the
“Russian” East (first of all the writings of N. Rimsky-Korsakov) and the French oriental pieces
by C. Debussy and M. Ravel. Colorful in mood and harmony, a multi-layered texture, and spicy
timbers testify to the features of impressionism. The technique of orchestral writing enables us to
find similarities with Ravel’s “Sheherazade” Overture. Also, the works of Griffes brightly revealed
features of the Art Nouveau style: the image of dance, the increased interest in the element of
water, ornamental melodies-arabesques, and the independence of timber layers.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Charles Griffes

value: The Pleasure-Dome of Kubla Khan

value: Five Poems of Ancient China and Japan

value: Sho-Jo

value: Eva Gauthier

value: orientalism

value: American music of the first quarter of the twentieth century

value: impressionism

value: modern style

value: new folkloristics


dc.contributor.author

value: Yevsieiev, Оleksandr P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yevsieiev, Оleksandr P. 2020. “Political justice: Essence, genesis, and evolution”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 239–259.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the phenomenon of the dependence of the judicial branch from the
political authorities, known as “political justice”. Various forms of manifestation of this phenomenon
in numerous types of legal proceedings (international, constitutional and criminal)
are investigated. In addition to the politicization of justice, the opposite phenomenon is also
observed — the judicialization of politics, which means more active listening by politicians
to the position of the judiciary and more frequent appeals by politicians to legal means in
order to achieve political goals. Indicators of judicial statistics are analyzed, indicative of the
presence of an accusatory bias as a sign of politicization of the judiciary sui generis. Referring
to specific trials (in particular, on former heads of state, political opponents of the ruling
elite and Islamic extremists), different kinds of procedural tricks are used, which the judges
resort to in resolving this category of cases. Positive and negative aspects of the interaction of
courts with the legislative and executive branches of state power are highlighted. Psychological
phenomena in the behavior and consciousness of judges that accompany “political justice”,
in particular the so-called “strategic flight phenomenon”, can be analyzed where judges refrain
from making decisions on high-profile cases, artificially delaying their consideration.
The prevalence of a situation in which two parallel systems coexist peacefully in the structure
of the judiciary is ascertained: ordinary courts and various kinds of emergency tribunals and
other structures involved in political repressions. Reference is made to the practice of the
European Court of Human Rights, in which the latter stated the political motivation of a number
of criminal cases previously resolved by the national courts. In particular, a characteristic
trick that lawyers resort to under conditions of political justice is to give retroactive force to
the law.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: “political justice”

value: constitutional justice

value: political repression

value: accusatory bias

value: prosecution of heads of state

value: international criminal justice

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dorskaia, Aleksandra A.

value: Dorskii, Andrei Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dorskaia, Aleksandra A., Andrei Yu. Dorskii. 2020. “Memorial laws as a instrument for the legitimization of power”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 223–238.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The use of memorial topics in the normative and legal acts of different epochs since the 17th
century and the allocation of memorial laws as a specific type of laws in the late 20th century is
illustrated in the article. The author’s definition of memorial laws is provided as a special type
of laws that regulate social relations which have been developing in the process of preservation
or overcoming memory of specific historical events, they form positive or negative attitude
towards these events and contain dispositive or mandatory norms regarding the possibility
of interpreting facts and phenomena of the past. The reasons for updating the memorial legislation
since the 1990s are revealed, such as the memory of two world wars, the collapse of a
number of states, the emergence of an intercivilizational confrontation, and the existing postwar
system of world order, which currently does not suit a number of countries. A typology of
memorial laws according to the legal entity of legislative initiative and on the character of the
norms being established is provided in the article. Both types and subtypes of memorial laws
are shown. The article contains an overview and description of Russian and foreign studies
devoted to the development of memorial legislation and its evaluation. Special attention to
the analysis of scientific research in the countries of the post-Soviet space is provided. Various
possibilities for using memorial laws as a tool to legitimize power are considered: the destruction
of the old integration space with the collapse of states; building a new unified political,
economic and cultural space which can be hampered by the events of the past; the weakness of
state authority, which seeks to be justified by the events of the past; national movements, etc.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: memorial laws

value: historical events

value: social shocks

value: collective memory

value: world legal order

value: international organizations

value: rules law


dc.contributor.author

value: Pang, Dongmei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pang Dongmei. 2020. “Criminal and legal protection of intellectual rights in modern China: Problems and solutions”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 180–191.

dc.description.abstract

value:
As globalization progresses and economic globalization develops, the economic value of intellectual
property at the international level continues to increase. However, intellectual property
crimes worldwide are increasing both in scale and quantity. In view of this situation,
countries around the world have begun to attach great importance to the protection of intellectual
property rights in the context of criminal law in order to reduce crimes and protect
intellectual property rights. The role of intellectual property is becoming more and more noticeable
against the background of how in modern China the economy is moving towards a
new standard; the state is focusing on the innovative driver for the development of economic
transformation. In 2015, China published the “action Plan for in-depth implementation of the
national strategy for the protection of intellectual property rights for 2014–2020,” published
by the Office of the state Council of China. This document, for the first time, put forward strategic
goals aimed at improving the efficiency of the use and protection of intellectual property,
as well as the creation of a powerful intellectual property power. In recent years, China has
been constantly reviewing and improving the criminal law provisions governing liability for
intellectual property infringement in order to establish a reliable criminal law system in the
field of intellectual property rights. At the same time, new problems and challenges are emerging
in the field of protecting intellectual property rights in modern China. The article presents
and analyzes the current state and problems encountered in the process of criminal and legal
protection of intellectual property in China, as well as on their basis, and ways for improving
the current legislation are proposed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared within the framework of the key project of the national Fund of social
Sciences of the PRC “Institutes of the General part of the Russian criminal law” (No. 16AFX008), and program
of main projects in sphere of philosophy and social science in Henan University (No. 2019ZDXM005).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: intellectual property

value: copyright

value: patent right

value: trademark right

value: criminal law protection

value: improvement of legislation


dc.contributor.author

value: Tuminskaya, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tuminskaya, Olga. “Russian Foolishness and Images of Fools in the Museum of Icons in Recklinghausen”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 1 (2020): 177–188.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Images of ascetics, which to a certain extent derive associations with Byzantine asceticism,
can be found in Western European icons and murals. These are images of Fools-for-Christ.
Images of persons clad in short-skirted garments, occasionally with symbols of their specific
activities, such aspublic executioners, grave-diggers, and “the halt and the blind” are rare,
although not unique. The similarity of garments and extraordinary symbols correlates with
icons depicting “secular Fools-of-God,” although carrying a wider emotional and semantic
load. The surviving images of “odd-looking” characters in Western European sacred art of the
12–17th centuries can be included in an individual established category known as “Kehricht
der Welt” and presented as an outstanding phenomenon within the icon-painting repertoire
of Christian artistic heritage. The article is devoted to the study of the image of Procopius and
John of Ustiug Fool-for-Christ, who is one ofthe most popular old Russian saints, as well as
the image of Saint Christopher Cynocephalus- the most famous Byzantine saint. Information
about these blessed ones came to Russia as a result of the spread of literacy. Legends about
various saints were brought by travelers and traders who regularly visited Constantinople and
other countries. Attention to these saints led to writing about their lives lives and the creation
of icons of saints. This situation is typical for Russian art of the Middle Ages 12–17th centuries.
Information about monuments of Russian and Cypriot icon-painting of the 15–17th centuries
from the Recklinghausen Museum of Icons (Germany) is introduced.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 1

value: Fools-for-Christ

value: martyrs

value: Saint Procopius and Saint John of Ustyug

value: Saint Christopher Cynocephalus

value: Recklinghausen icon collection

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Polonskiy, Vadim

value: Loskutov, Igor

value: Sumina, Alena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Polonskiy, V., Loskutov, I., and Sumina, A. 2020. Biological role and health benefits of antioxidant compounds in cereals. Bio. Comm. 65(1): 53–67.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Substances inhibiting or preventing oxidative damage in the target molecule
are called antioxidants. It has been shown that antioxidants are substances
that contribute to the prevention of a number of serious human diseases, and
antioxidant activity is one of the important parameters for the quality of food
products and ingredients. Phenolic compounds are of greatest importance
for this review. It is now established that whole grain cereals contain a large
number of bound polyphenols. It is known that cereals have high nutritional
value, contain unsaturated fatty acids, basic mineral elements, proteins and
β-glucans, and are also characterized by the presence of various chemical substances
with antioxidant properties. In recent years, work has begun in some
Western countries to study the content of antioxidants in various grains. In Russia,
only a small amount of work has been devoted to the study of these important
chemical compounds in grain crops. It should be noted that, although
these species are considered to be one of the main components of human
nutrition, research in the field of determining their antioxidant activity has not
been sufficiently carried out. In order to attract the attention of plant growers,
plant breeders, plant physiologists, geneticists and biotechnologists, we offer a
review of current literature.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was carried out the
framework of the state assignment № 0662-
2019-0006.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: wild relatives of cultivated plants

value: crop wild relatives (CWR) of Russia

value: plant genetic resources (PGR)

value: in situ conservation

value: Red Books

value: specially protected natural areas (SPNA)


dc.contributor.author

value: Gavrilova, Vera

value: Shelenga, Tatyana

value: Porokhovinova, Elizaveta

value: Dubovskaya, Aleksandra

value: Kon’kova, Nina

value: Grigoryev, Sergey

value: Podolnaya, Larisa

value: Konarev, Aleksey

value: Yakusheva, Tamara

value: Kishlyan, Natalya

value: Pavlov, Andrey

value: Brutch, Nina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gavrilova, V., Shelenga, T., Porokhovinova, E., Dubovskaya, A., Kon’kova, N., Grigoryev, S., Podolnaya, L., Konarev, A., Yakusheva, T., Kishlyan, N., Pavlov, A., and Brutch, N. 2020. The diversity of fatty acid composition in traditional and rare oil crops cultivated in Russia. Bio. Comm. 65(1): 68–81.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This review is devoted to the description of chemical peculiarities of industrial
oil crops cultivated (or prospective for cultivation) in Russia, which are stored
in the VIR collection. Different crops have similar fatty acids biosynthesis pathways,
but each species has its own individualities in the chemical composition
of the oil and its genetic control. The diversity of oil crop chemical composition
opens the possibility of its multipurpose utilization practically in all industrial
segments. Sunflower, rapeseed, flax, mustard, camelina and safflower are cultivated
in Russia as oil crops. Castor beans, perilla, lallemantia and noog are
not cultivated on an industrial scale, but have original oil properties and are
prospective for future cultivation. Hemp and poppy seeds contain oil valuable
for food, but they are not widespread. Cotton and peanut oils are prospective
for industrial purposes when early, already created varieties of these crops will
be cultivated in Russia. Oil properties depend on the ratio of its basic fatty acids:
saturated (stearic, palmitic) and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic, linolenic). As a
rule, lauric, myristic and palmitoleic acids are determined in minor quantities.
The oil of Brassicaceae crops also includes arachidic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic,
behenic, erucic and lignoceric acids. Fatty acids accumulation is influenced by
growing conditions, though it has strict genetic control.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out
in the framework of state assignment
№ АААА-А19-119013090159-5 to VIR,
project No. 0481-2019-0001.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: oil crops

value: fatty acids

value: sunflower

value: linseed

value: rapeseed

value: safflower

value: mustard

value: castor bean

value: hemp

value: peanut


dc.contributor.author

value: Anisimova, Irina

value: Radchenko, Evgeny

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anisimova, I. and Radchenko, E. 2020. The ideas of N. I. Vavilov and current problems of crop genetics. Bio. Comm. 65(1): 3–14.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Some results of the studies of plant genetic resources held in the VIR Department
of Genetics are discussed in light of N. I. Vavilov’s theories of natural plant
immunity, homologous series in hereditary variability, and interspecific hybridization.
The long-term investigations resulted in identifying bread wheat, cultivated
barley, oat, rye and sorghum accessions with new effective genes for
resistance to diseases and pests. The large-scale immunological screening has
revealed a narrow genetic diversity in wheat and barley for resistance to biotic
and abiotic stressors. On the example of sunflowers, the significance of seed
storage proteins for solving problems of domestication and introgressive hybridizations
is demonstrated.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was performed within
the framework of state tasks #0662-2019-
0006 and #0662-2019-0001.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: N. I. Vavilov’s laws

value: cultivated plants

value: genetic diversity

value: resistance to harmful organisms

value: economically valuable characters

value: genetic control

value: domestication

value: interspecific hybridization

value: seed proteins

value: comparative genomic approach

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Strygina, Ksenia

value: Khlestkina, Elena

value: Podolnaya, Larisa

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strygina, K., Khlestkina, E., and Podolnaya, L. 2020. Cotton genome evolution and features of its structural and functional organization. Bio. Comm. 65(1): 15–27.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Allotetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. is not only an important crop, but
also a model organism used to study such processes as polyploidization, plant
genome evolution and the influence of polyploidy on gene expression. The
present article provides a review of studies devoted to the taxonomy of the
genus Gossypium, the evolution of the genomes of its representatives (including
45 diploid and 7 allotetraploid species), and the functional divergence of duplicated
copies of the same genes in allotetraploid species. The discussion concerns
the areas of individual species’ origin, as well as the reasons of the high
variation in genome size (from ~880 Mb to ~2400 Mb), which was influenced
by both full-genome duplications and the spread of mobile genetic elements.
The data support the fact that the expression of genes in allotetraploid cotton
changes as a result of polyploidization, and that one of the two subgenomes
dominates in the formation of one or another trait. The considered data shed
light on the features of the evolution of plant genes and genomes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The present review was carried
out within VIR project No. 0481-2019-0001.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Allopolyploid genome

value: cotton

value: evolution

value: functional divergence

value: gene duplication

value: Gossypium

value: homoeologous genes

value: mobile genetic elements


dc.contributor.author

value: Chukhina, Irena

value: Shipilina, Liliya

value: Bagmet, Larisa

value: Talovina, Galina

value: Smekalova, Tamara

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chukhina, I., Shipilina, L., Bagmet, L., Talovina, G., and Smekalova, T.† 2020. Results of studying wild relatives of the cultivated plants of Russia. Bio. Comm. 65(1): 41–52.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Issuing specific recommendations on the in situ conservation of wild relatives
of cultivated plants (=crop wild relatives, CWR) in Russia is possible only on the
basis of preliminary comprehensive studies of their composition, structure and
features. N. I. Vavilov was the founder of comprehensive studies of cultivated
plant relatives. O. N. Korovina was the first to substantiate the basic principles
of conserving CWR diversity in their natural habitats, and to suggest choosing
the most suitable conservation measures, taking into account the data on the
distribution area of a taxon, the state of habitat condition, the state of the taxon
in nature, and human influence. The current phase of studying CWR diversity
and developing a domestic strategy for its conservation is associated with geopolitical
changes in this country, and with the inclusion of research performed
at VIR on CWR diversity in situ conservation into large-scale international projects.
The fundamental conditions for attributing a wild species to relatives of
cultivated plants are, first, taxonomic or evolutionary and genetic closeness to
a cultivated species, and second, the use of species in breeding, or the potential
introduction of a species into cultivation. The work on the compendium of wild
relatives of cultivated plants of Russia is still far from completion. As a result
of the inventory, a list of 1701 species of relatives of cultivated plants for food
and agriculture was compiled. The largest number of species (965) grows in the
European part of Russia. The Russian Caucasus ranks second in terms of CWR
richness (956 species), and the third in CWR numbers is the Russian Far East
(598 species). The 102 nature reserves included in the study contain 1363 CWR
species. The CWR diversity is most effectively conserved in the nature reserve
network of the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia, and least of all in the nature
reserves of the Russian Caucasus, despite the significant concentration of
CWR species in this region.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study is supported by VIR
project No 0662-2019-0005.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 65; Issue 1

value: wild relatives of cultivated plants

value: crop wild relatives (CWR) of Russia

value: plant genetic resources (PGR)

value: in situ conservation

value: Red Books

value: specially protected natural areas (SPNA)

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vishnyakova, Margarita

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vishnyakova, M. 2020. The Vavilov Institute’s (VIR) contribution to the survey and study of Vavilovia formosa (Fabaceae). Bio. Comm. 65(1): 28–40.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the 1960s–1980s, the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, known worldwide as
VIR, organized a substantial series of studies dedicated to a Caucasian endemic,
the Pliocene relic Vavilovia formosa (Fabeae: Fabaceae). Those investigations
are little known to the scientific community, although, in fact, the priority right
for integrated research into this plant belongs to VIR. As a result of the cycle of
studies, the first ideas about the biology and ecology of the species, the manner
of its reproduction, its intraspecific diversity, the degree of crossability with
other members of the tribe, its karyotype and anatomy were developed. The
plants of V. formosa are not reproduced ex situ and their germplasm is absent
in the world’s gene banks. Therefore, collecting V. formosa plants in their hardto-
reach habitats in the mountains is always crucial for research purposes, so a
number of collecting expeditions were launched to the Greater Caucasus. The
data thus obtained are discussed in the context of modern achievements in
world science regarding this species.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper has been prepared
within the framework of the budgetary
project on scientific support of the effective
utilization of the world’s genetic diversity of
grain legume crops and their wild relatives
from the VIR collection No 0006-2019-002.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Vavilovia formosa

value: Caucasian endemic

value: VIR

value: expeditions

value: collecting mission

value: ecological

value: anatomical

value: karyological

value: immunochemical

value: hybridological studies


dc.contributor.author

value: Samokhodkin, V. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samokhodkin V. N. ‘About the Collection of Transcripts of the Petrograd Soviet Sessions’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 229–236.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores the historiography of publishing sources on the history of Petrograd Soviet of
Workers’ and Red-Army Deputies during the Civil War. The publication of documents related to the history of the
Petrograd Soviet began in the 1920s. The political environment of the 1930s made this inconvenient: a study of
the activities of the Soviet was conducted, first of all, in the context of the defense of Petrograd from the troops
of General Yudenich. The publication of materials related to the Petrosoviet was stopped, as they often featured
the names of figures deleted from Stalinist historiography: G. Zinoviev, G. Evdokimov, and others. In the post-war
period, historians concentrated on activities of the Petrograd Soviet and its committees in 1917, resulting in a number
of large-scale publications of sources. However, this situation did not touch documents of the Petrosoviet for
the Civil War years. In 2019, a collection of transcripts from 1919 was released, to some extent filling this gap. This
publication is in great interest, and it receives significant attention in this article.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: The Russian Revolution

value: Soviet of workers’ and peasants’ deputies

value: records

value: shorthand notes

value: Civil War

value: bolsheviks

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shugailo, Timofei S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shugailo T. S. Motion control of a bridge crane with a load by finding its acceleration. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 154–164.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A possible approach to controlling a bridge crane motion while moving cargo is considered.
Two different methods for finding the controlling acceleration that providing vibration
damping of the cargo being carried are suggested. The first of these methods is based
on applying classical Pontryagin maximum principle. The second method, using generalised
Gauss principle, is based on modern researches in nonholonomic mechanics. The new
method relies on the results of applying the classical one and can be used as independent
approach for solving various problems of control.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 7 (65); Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Pontryagin maximum principle

value: generalised Gauss principle

value: optimal control

value: vibrations damping


dc.contributor.author

value: Vinogradov, Oleg L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vinogradov O. L. Sharp Jackson - Chernykh type inequality for spline approximations on the line. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 15–27.

dc.description.abstract

value:
An analog of the Jackson Chernykh inequality for spline approximations in the space
L2(R) is established. For r 2 N, σ > 0, we denote by A r(f)2 the best approximation of
a function f 2 L2(R) by the space of splines of degree r and of minimal defect with knots
j
  , j 2 Z, and by ω(f, δ) its first order modulus of continuity in L2(R). The main result of
the paper is the following. For every f 2 L2(R)
A r(f)2 6
1
p2
ω  f,
θrπ
σ  2
,
where εr is the positive root of the equation
4ε2(ch  "
  − 1)
ch  "
  + cos

=
1
32r−2
, τ = p1 − ε2,
θr = 1 p1−"2
r
. The constant 1 p2
cannot be reduced on the whole class L2(R), even if one
insreases the step of the modulus of continuity.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant No. 18-11-00055.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Jackson inequality

value: splines

value: sharp constants


title: On a quotient space of Keplerian orbits

dc.contributor.author

value: Kholshevnikov, Konstantin V.

value: Shchepalova, Anastassia S.

value: Jazmati, Mohammad S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kholshevnikov K.V., Shchepalova A. S., Jazmati M. S. On a quotient space of Keplerian orbits. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 165–174.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Several metrics were proposed during last 15 years which transform divers spaces of Keplerian
orbits in metric ones. They are used to estimate a proximity of orbits of celestial
bodies (usually comets, asteroids, and meteoroid complexes). An important role play quotient
spaces. They allow us not to take into account those orbital elements which change in
the secular mode under different perturbations. Three quotient spaces were just examined.
Nodes are ignored in one of them; arguments of pericenters are ignored in the second one;
both nodes and arguments of pericenters are ignored in the third one. Here, we introduce
a fourth quotient space where orbits with arbitrary longitudes of nodes and arguments of
pericenters are identified under the condition that their sum (longitude of pericenter) is
fixed. The function ̺6 serving as a distance between pointed classes of orbits, and satisfying
first two axioms of metric spaces is determined. An algorithm of its calculation is
proposed. In general the most complicated part of the algorithm represents the solution of
a trigonometric equation of third degree. The question on the validity of the triangle axiom
for ̺6, at least in a relaxed variant, will be examined later.

value: Keplerian orbit

value: metrics

value: quotient space of a metric space

value: distance between orbits

dc.title

value: On a quotient space of Keplerian orbits

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogatko, Vsevolod I.

value: Potekhina, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogatko V. I., Potekhina E.A. To the problem of modeling gas flows behind the front of a strong shock wave using an effective adiabatic index. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 104–111.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In problems with strong shock waves (the problem of a strong explosion, the motion of
bodies with high supersonic speeds, the problem of supersonic piston expansion), a significant
increase in temperature occurs in the perturbed region of the flow. Therefore, when
determining the parameters of the gas flow behind the front of a strong shock wave, it is
necessary to take into account the real properties of the gas. This greatly complicates the
construction of approximate analytical solutions. However, studies show that the influence
of the real properties of the gas on the gas-dynamic parameters of the flow can be taken
into account by changing the adiabatic index, that is, by introducing an effective adiabatic
exponent. If the gas behind the shock wave is in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium,
then the effective adiabatic index changes little in the entire flow zone. This makes it possible
to simulate the flow behind the shock wave front by some perfect gas, the adiabatic
index of which is determined depending on the Mach number and the thermodynamic state
of the gas by the shock front. To obtain more accurate solutions to problems with strong
shock waves, the model must allow a break in the adiabatic index at the shock wave. In
the present work, an explicit expression is obtained for the gas parameters behind the front
of an intense shock wave under the assumption that the adiabatic index undergoes discontinuity
during the transition of gas particles through the surface of the shock wave. The
plane and axisymmetric case are considered.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 7 (65); Issue 1

dc.subject

value: modeling

value: shock wave

value: hypersonic flows

value: adiabatic index discontinuity


dc.contributor.author

value: Agafonova, Irina V.

value: Malozemov, Vassili N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Agafonova I.V., Malozemov V.N. Extremal polynomials connected with Zolotarev polynomials. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 3–14.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Let two points a and b be given on the real axis, located to the right and left of the segment
[−1, 1] respectively. The extremal problem is posed: find an algebraic polynomial of n-th
degree, which at the point a takes value A, on the segment [−1, 1] does not exceed M in
modulus and takes the largest possible value at b. This problem is related to the second
problem of Zolotarev. In the article the set of values of the parameter A for which this
problem has a unique solution is indicated, and an alternance characteristic of this solution
is given. The behavior of the solution with respect to the parameter A is studied. It turns
out that for some A the solution can be obtained with the help of the Chebyshev polynomial,
while for all other admissible A   with the help of the Zolotarev polynomial.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: extremal properties of polynomials

value: alternance

value: Chebyshev polynomials

value: Zolotarev polynomials


dc.contributor.author

value: Razov, A. I.

value: Morozov, N. F.

value: Tovstik, P. E.

value: Kustova, E. V.

value: Petrov, Yu. V.

value: Matveev, S. K.

value: Egorov, N. V.

value: Tregubov, V. P.

value: Kolesnikov, E. K.

value: Khantuleva, T. A.

value: Nagnibeda, E. A.

value: Rydalevskaya, M. A.

value: Ryabinin, A. N.

value: Bogatko, V. I.

value: Gunko, Yu. F.

value: Manuylov, A. S.

value: Nagnibeda, V. G.

value: Pavilainen, G. V.

value: Potekhina, E. A.

value: Sabaneev, V. S.

value: Serebritskaya, N. I.

value: Fedorovskiy, G. D.

value: Yakovlev, A. B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: On the 80th anniversary of Victor Aleksandrovich Morozov. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 175–177.

dc.description.abstract

value: Article


title: In memoriam of A.A.Krylov

dc.contributor.author

value: Arkhangelskaya, L. N.

value: Matveev, S. K.

value: Kustova, E. V.

value: Akimov, G. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: In memoriam of A.A.Krylov. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 178–179.

value: In memoriam of A.A.Krylov

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 7 (65); Issue 1


dc.identifier.citation

value: Sessions of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov. October 9, 2019. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, p. 127.


dc.contributor.author

value: Zvyagintseva, Tatiana E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zvyagintseva Т. Е. On the problem of Aizerman: coefficient conditions for an existence of four-period cycle in a second-order discrete-time system. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 50–59.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, an automatic control discrete-time system of the second order is studied.
Nonlinearity of this system satisfies the generalized Routh   Hurwitz conditions. Systems
of this type are widely used in solving modern applied problems that arise in engineering,
theory of motion control, mechanics, physics and robotics. In the recent papers published
by W. Heath, J. Carrasco, and M. de la Sen, two examples of planar discrete-time systems
with nonlinearity that lies in the Hurwitz angle are constructed. These examples demonstrate
that discrete-time Aizerman and Kalman conjectures are false even for second-order
systems. One of the systems constructed by the authors has a non-trivial periodic solution
of period three, and the other one has a non-trivial periodic solution of period four. In this
paper, we assume that the nonlinearity is two-periodic and lies in the Hurwitz angle, and
we study the system for all possible values of the parameters. We explicitly indicate the
conditions for the parameters under which it is possible to construct such a two-periodic
nonlinearity that system is not globally asymptotically stable. Indicated nonlinearity can
be constructed in more than one way. We provide a method for its construction. We prove
that in a system with this nonlinearity a family of non-trivial periodic solutions of period
four exists. Cycles are not isolated, any solution of the system with the initial data lying
on some specified ray is periodic.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work is supported in part by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N19-01-00388).

dc.subject

value: second-order discrete-time system

value: Aizerman conjecture

value: absolute stability

value: periodic solution


dc.contributor.author

value: Zilberbord, Igor M.

value: Sotnikov, Sergei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zilberbord I.M., Sotnikov S.V. On a generalization of self-injective rings. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 60–68.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this work the notion of left (right) self-injective ring is generalized. We consider rings
that are direct sum of injective module and semisimple module as a left (respectively,
right) module above itself. We call such rings left (right) semi-injective and research their
properties with the help of two-sided Peirce decomposition of the ring. The paper contains
the description of left Noetherian left semi-injective rings. It is proved that any such ring
is a direct product of (two-sided) self-injective ring and several quotient rings (of special
kind) of rings of upper-triangular matrices over skew fields. From this description it follows
that for left semi-injective rings we have the analogue of the classical result for self-injective
rings. Namely, if a ring is left Noetherian and left semi-injective then this ring is also right
semi-injective and two-sided Artinian.

dc.subject

value: injective module

value: semisimple module

value: self-injective ring

value: Peirce decomposition

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zani, Marguerite

value: Khartov, Alexey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zani M., Khartov A.A. On a decomposition of additive random fields. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 39–49.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We consider an additive random field on [0, 1]d, which is a sum of d uncorrelated random
processes. We assume that the processes have zero mean and the same continuous covariance
function. There is a significant interest in the study of random fields of this type.
They appear for example in the theory of intersections and selfintersections of Brownian
processes, in the problems concerning the small ball probabilities, and in the finite rank
approximation problems with arbitrary large parametric dimension d. In the last problems
the spectral characteristics of the covariance operator play key role. For a given additive random field the eigenvalues of its covariance operator easily depend on the eigenvalues of
the covariance operator of the marginal processes in the case, when the latter has identical
1 as an eigenvector. In the opposite case the dependence is complex, that makes these random
fields difficult to study. Here decomposing the random field into the sum of its integral
and its centered version, the summands will be orthogonal in L2([0, 1]d), but in the general
case they are correlated. In the present paper we propose another interesting decomposition
for the random field, that was observed by the authors within finite rank approximation
problems in the average case setting. In the derived decomposition the summands are orthogonal
in L2([0, 1]d) and uncorrelated. Moreover, for large d they are respectively close
to the integral and to the centered version of the random field with small relative mean
squared error.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work is supported by St. Petersburg State University (grant SPbSU–DFG 6.65.37.2017).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 7 (65); Issue 1

dc.subject

value: additive random fields

value: decomposition

value: covariance function

value: covariance operator

value: eigenpairs

value: average case approximation complexity


title: Generalized semicommutative rings

dc.contributor.author

value: Roy, Debraj

value: Subedi, Tikaram

dc.identifier.citation

value: Roy D., Subedi T. Generalized semicommutative rings. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 91–103.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We call a ring R generalized semicommutative if for any a, b 2 R, ab = 0 implies there
exists positive integers m, n such that amRbn = 0. We observe that the class of generalized
semicommutative rings strictly lies between the class of central semicommutative
rings and weakly semicommutative-I rings. Relationships are provided between generalized
semicommutative rings and some known classes of rings. From an arbitrary generalized
semicommutative ring, we produce many families of generalized semicommutative rings.
Finally we provide some conditions for a generalized semicommutative ring to be reduced.

dc.subject

value: semicommutative ring

value: generalized semicommutative ring

dc.title

value: Generalized semicommutative rings


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikitin, Yakov Yu.

value: Polevaya, Tatiana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikitin Ya.Yu., Polevaya T.A. On the average perimeter of the inscribed random polygon. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 77–84.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Suppose we put on the unit circumference n independent uniformly distributed random
points and build a convex random polygon with the vertices in these points. What are the
average area and the average perimeter of this polygon? The average area was calculated
by K. Brown some years ago. We calculatе the average perimeter and obtain quite similar
formulae. In the same time we discuss the rate of convergence of this value to the limit. We
evaluate also the average value of the sum of squares for the sides of the inscribed triangle.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work of Ya.Yu.Nikitin is supported by St. Petersburg State University (grant SPbSU–DFG
6.65.37.2017), the work of T.A.Polevaya is supported by Government of the Russian Federation
(grant 08-08).

dc.subject

value: random polygon

value: perimeter

value: convexity

value: uniform distribution

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nevzorov, Valery B.

value: Stepanov, Alexei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nevzorov V.B., Stepanov A.V. On the second record derivative of a sequence of exponential random variables. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 69–76.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Let Zi (i   1) be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables
with standard exponential distribution H and Z(n) (n   1) be the corresponding
sequence of exponential records associated with Zi (i   1). Let us call the sequence
Z(n) (n   1) the first “record derivative” of the sequence Zi (i   1). It is known that ν1 = Z(1), ν2 = Z(2) − Z(1), . . . are independent variables with distribution
H. Let T (n) (n   1) be record times obtained from the sequence ν1, ν2, . . . and
Y (n) = Z(T (n)),W(n) = Y (n) − Y (n − 1) (n   1). Let us call the sequence Y (n) (n   1)
(the main objective of the research of the present paper) the second “record derivative” of
the sequence Zi (i   1). In the present paper, we find the distributions of T (n), Y (n),W(n)
and study the Laplace transform of Y (n). A limit result for the sequence Y (n) (n   1) is
obtained in the paper. We also propose some methods of generation of T (n) and Y (n).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work of V.B.Nevzorov is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N18-
01-00393).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 7 (65); Issue 1

dc.subject

value: record values

value: exponential distribution

value: limit results

value: methods of record generation


dc.contributor.author

value: Zheleznyak, Alexandr V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zheleznyak A.V. Power series of one variable with condition of logarithmical convexity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 28–38.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We obtain a new version of Hardy theorem about power series reciprocal to the power series
with positive coefficients. We prove that if the sequence {an}, n   K is logarithmically
convex, then reciprocal power series has only negative coefficients bn, n > 0 for any K if the
first coefficient a0 is sufficiently large. The classical Hardy theorem corresponds to the case
K = 0. Such results are useful in Nevanlinna Pick theory. For example, if function k(x, y)
can be represented as power series Pn 0 an(x¯y)n, an > 0, and reciprocal function 1
k(x,y)
can be represented as power series Pn 0 bn(x¯y)n such that bn < 0, n > 0, then k(x, y) is a
reproducing kernel function for some Hilbert space of analytic functions in the unit disc D
with Nevanlinna Pick property. The reproducing kernel 1
1−x¯y of the classical Hardy space
H2(D) is a prime example for our theorems. In addition, we get new estimates on growth
of analytic functions reciprocal to analytic functions with positive Taylor coefficients.

dc.subject

value: power series

value: Nevanlinna - Pick kernels

value: logarithmical convexity


title: On a Nesbitt - Carlitz determinant

dc.contributor.author

value: Pimenov, Kostantin I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pimenov K. I. On a Nesbitt - Carlitz determinant. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2020, vol. 7 (65), issue 1, pp. 85–90.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A matrix whose component are binomial coefficients and determinant was calculated earlier
by L. Carlitz is investigated. It is shown that Carlitz matrix is the result of binomal
specialization for dual Jacobi Trudi determinant presentation of certain Schur function. It leads to another way to calculate Carlitz determinant based upon symmetric function
theory. The eigenvalues of Carlitz matrix are shown to be powers of two as well. In order to
calculate these eigenvalues the author uses suitable linear operator on the space of polynomials
whose degree does not exceed given number. It is shown that in suitable basis matrix
of that linear operator has triangular form with powers of two on its diagonal. Main result
is generalised from quadratic to cubic case corresponding to a certain matrix, consisted of
trinomial coefficients.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N16-01-00750).

dc.subject

value: linear algebra

value: binomial coefficients

value: symmetric functions

value: matrix eigenvalues

dc.title

value: On a Nesbitt - Carlitz determinant

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pivovarov, E. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pivovarov E. G. ‘Correspondence between B. L. Brasol and Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich’s Family’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 241–262.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 1


dc.contributor.author

value: Volkova, I. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volkova I. V. ‘The Pyrenean Conflict of 1936–1939 and the Formation of the Soviet Generation of War’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 183–202.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article investigates responses of Soviet schoolchildren of middle and older ages towards the
Spanish Civil War and the arrival of Republican children to the USSR in the second half of the 1930s. Interest in
reactions of this age category is connected with the fact that soon after they would bear the brunt of sacrifices in
the struggle with Nazi Germany and received the status of front-line generation. Emotionally perceived events in
a distant country became the source of its ideas about the future total war of the USSR and an important frontier
in psychological preparation for it. Despite the refusal of the country’s political leadership to foment a revolution
in Spain, this idea was guiding for young Soviet citizens. The Republican struggle, meaningful as an outbreak
of world revolution, gave rise to their various manifestations of solidarity, including the collection of funds, attempts
of individual and group escapes to Spain, and the self-organization of paramilitary units to join international
teams. In the light of the dramatic experience of the Spanish Republicans, the future of the communist project
among Soviet youth was now linked only to the fierce war that the Soviet Union was to withstand with some not
necessarily decisive support from the progressive world community.

dc.subject

value: world revolution

value: civil war

value: Spain

value: pupils

value: children

value: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, A. A.

value: Kotov, A. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov A. A., Kotov A. E. ‘The Economic Importance and the Attempts to Regulate the Foreign Labor Migration in the Western Part of the Russian Empire (late 19th — early 20th Century)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 70–88.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper investigates foreign labor migration from the Western region of the Russian empire, which
from the late 19th to early 20th century provided the most economic emigrants. Special emphasis is placed on
labor migration to overseas countries (USA, Argentina, Brazil, etc.). The authors consider the impact of temporary
labor migration on agriculture, land-utilization, and other economic sectors of this region. They also study
attempts of local and central authorities to work out an official position on regulating labor migration. The essay
introduces new sources that allow us to refine our understanding of the attitude of Russian authorities towards
labor migration. The authors conclude that the wide scale of labor migration and financial means invested into the
regional economy made the authorities reconsider their attitude about letting parts of the population of western
provinces go abroad to make a decent livelihood. Realizing that on a national scale labor migration was an undesirable
phenomenon, the authorities had no choice but to acknowledge that for its western regions, its role was
largely positive: it reduced social tension, mitigated competition for job opportunities, improved the local population’s
wellbeing, and provided a solution to the problem of land scarcity and enabled implementation of the
Stolypin’s agrarian program in the region. All of this, along with a shadow economy around emigration, led authorities
to find ways of legalization and legal response to foreign labor migration. Discussion of these issues showed
that incoherence, lack of a clear understanding of measures for regulating labor migration, and differences in
departmental vested interests prevented implementing meaningful solutions before World War I, which put an
end to both the movement of labor across the western border and the development of a regulatory environment.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 18-18-00142 “The Center and the
regions: state economic policy on the outskirts of the Russian Empire (1894–1917)”.

dc.subject

value: Western outskirts

value: Russian Empire

value: Western provinces

value: migration

value: labor migration

value: center

value: regions

value: economic policy


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhanbosinova, A. S.

value: Potapova, N. A.

value: Savin, A. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhanbosinova A. S., Potapova N. A., Savin A. I. ‘“German” Operation in the Kazakh SSR (1937– 1938). On the Question of the Ethnic Component of Great Terror’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 119–135.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The “national” operations of the NKVD during the Great Terror remain one of the hottest debates in
Soviet history. The sharp gap between the Bolsheviks’ previous national policy encourages historians to advance
various explanations about what happened. Some scholars believe that “national” operations were based on an
ethnization of the image of the enemy, and as a result, the ethnic aspect allegedly received a priority over the
social aspect in the punitive policy of Stalinism. Other historians believe the main reason for the “national” operations
of the NKVD was the authorities’ desire to eliminate any ties of Soviet citizens with the “hostile capitalist
environment.” The article presents directives and internal statistics of the NKVD, found in the Central Archive of
the FSB of the Russian Federation and previously unknown to researchers. The authors discuss the thesis of the
ethnic component of the Great Terror, using the example of the “German” operation in Kazakhstan. The “national”
operations were ambivalent. Under conditions of such “landscapes” as industry, transport, and the army, total terror
was aimed at “nationals” with practically no selection of victims. However, in the countryside, in the “outback”
of the USSR, in places of compact residences of “hostile” ethnic “contingents,” the state security bodies actively
selected their victims. Thus, in the Kazakh SSR, the Germans deported to Kazakhstan in 1931–1936 and who
were extremely dissatisfied with their living conditions became the main target group of the “German” operation.
Germans who voluntarily moved to Kazakhstan before 1917 suffered much less.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research is a part of a project of the Control Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic
of Kazakhstan No. AP05130870 “Memory of the victims of political repression (1920–1950’s) and its fixation
in the sacral landscape of Kazakhstan (on the example of East Kazakhstan)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: great terror

value: national operations

value: German operation

value: Kazakhstan

value: extrajudicial instances

value: xenophobia

value: ethnization of terror

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sinelnikova, E. F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sinelnikova E. F. ‘Petrograd’s Scientific Societies and the Revolution of 1917’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 20–38.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores activities of Petrograd’s scientific societies and their relations with changing state
power in 1917, especially legal and financial aspects of their functioning and everyday life in the context of an acute socio-political and economic crisis. The study uses different sources, in particular legislative and regulatory acts
adopted by the Provisional Government to define procedures for the creation and functioning of such societies
in 1917, ficing their rights and obligations and regulating their relations with the authorities. (These materials are
housed in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive, the Central State
Historical Archive of St. Petersburg, the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg, and the Archive of the Russian
Academy of Sciences and its St. Petersburg Branch.) The author also used materials from periodicals of scientific
societies from 1917–1918. In 1917, scientific societies actively cooperated with the authorities, and the authorities
in turn found it expedient to support their activities, assigning subsidies assisting in solving economic issues.
Despite difficulties, scholars in that crucial period of history managed to preserve these societies as important
organizational forms for pursuing scholarship. This study was funded by RFBR according to the research project
№ 18-011-00730 (Self-Organization of the Russian Science in the years of crisis: 1917–1922).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-011-00730 “Self-organization
of Russian science during the crisis: 1917–1922”.

dc.subject

value: scientific societies

value: science

value: revolution

value: power

value: crisis

value: Provisional government

value: bolsheviks

value: Soviet power


dc.contributor.author

value: Makarova, N. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makarova N. N. ‘Emotional Community and Everyday Life of the Teachers of Magnitogorsk (1929–1941)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 168–182.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using a broad source base, including previously unpublished materials, this study examines teaching
in Magnitogorsk in the period of accelerated industrialization as a unique emotional community with a special
type of daily life.. The predominant historical sources are recollections of Magnitogorsk teachers, written at different
times relative to the time of studied events. The article uses methodological tools proposed by Iu. Bessmertny,
H. R. Iausom, J. Plamper, and W. Reddy. The social portrait of a Magnitogorsk teacher was far from ideal.
Teachers were dominated by women under the age of 20, with minimal experience and education, but official
discourse and memories about teachers at Magnitostroi drew on a universal reference image of a professional
Soviet teacher. The educational community at Magnitostroi was a complex emotional microcosm in which a
variety of emotional repertoires coexisted, and teachers themselves belonged to different emotional communities
that demonstrated sometimes unusual emotional reactions. Features of social conditions, the overall level
of improvement of teachers’ lives and work of teachers, defined the landscapes of everyday life and features of
the dominant emotional regime. The last was an official state ideology, adapted to the specific sociocultural and
individual peculiarities of city, community, and people.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: history

value: everyday life

value: emotions

value: emotional community

value: emotional repertoire

value: Magnitogorsk


dc.contributor.author

value: Lapin, N. S.

value: Zhumanbaev, D. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lapin N. S., Zhumanbaev D. N. ‘Socialist Party of Kazakhstan and the Attempts of the Inheritance of the Property of the Former Communist Party (Basing on the Materials of the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 136–152.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using materials from the Archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, one aspect in the
formation of a multiparty system in the Kazakh SSR/Republic of Kazakhstan during the collapse of CPSU’s monopoly
position is studied. The creation of the Socialist Party, which for a short time became the political and
ideological successor of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan after its dissolution in September 1991 is one focus.
One key issue in the formation of a new party was material and financial support. The SP, as the successor to the
CPK, expected to receive a portion of the latter’s property, and they regularly appealed to state bodies and senior
officials of the country. In the first months after the creation of the Socialist Party, its leaders insisted on receiving
all the financial and tangible property of the Communist Party. Later the circle of requirements narrowed, confining
itself to requests not to return, but to assist in receiving only a part of the property. However, in conditions of
partial decentralization of management, and a growing crisis in economy and society, the property of the CPK,
despite the Decree of the President of the Kazakh SSR on its nationalization, remained unaccounted for over a
long time. This in turn did not allow the government to promptly resolve the issue of allocating part of the property
for the Socialist Party of Kazakhstan. In the absence of funding sources, including the impossibility, despite the
officially confirmed status of the “successor” to receive part of the financial and material resources, the activities
of the SCK for several years almost ceased.

dc.subject

value: Socialist party

value: Communist party

value: party building

value: property

value: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

value: Kazakhstan

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Danilova, L. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Danilova L. N. ‘Postwar Sovietization of Belarus and Ukraine (on the Example of School Education)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 203–216.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Soviet state needed society to assimilate and accept the emerging culture, and an objective consequence
of this in the republics was Sovietization. Sovietization is adaptation of cultural practices and processes
in society in accordance with culture of the Soviet state. Its effective means in educational policy were reforms. In
the first post-war years, educational reforms in Belarus and Ukraine were carried out, just as in the RSFSR, and
the main specifics consisted of Russification. That process was the most important element of Sovietization in the
republics’ societies after the war, especially its integrative function. Sovietization in the various societies of the
union republics had begun since their entry into the USSR, and by 1941 the population of Belarus and Ukraine in
general shared new political and social values — although the policy of Sovietization was not completed. After the
war it was continued because of modern socio-political conditions and was objectively necessary for creating a
single union state and cultural space. At the same time, educational reforms played an important role in the implementation
of Sovietization policies. In the difficult post-war years in the Soviet republics, school reforms were focused not only on rebuilding the educational process and infrastructure, but also on forming Soviet thinking
and behavior, training domestic internationalism, and respecting everything Russian and Soviet as synonymous
categories of social and political life in the USSR.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: sovietization

value: russification

value: Soviet school

value: reforms

value: history of Belarusian school

value: history of Ukrainian school

value: post-war educational reforms


dc.contributor.author

value: Porshneva, O. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Porshneva O. S. ‘“Imperialist War” in the Bolshevik Memory Policy: The Institutional Aspect (1920–1930)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 153–167.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the institutional aspect of the politics of memory of World War I in Soviet Russia/
USSR in the 1920s and 1930s. The author characterizes the factors playing a special role in the politics of memory
and the importance of “reformatting memory” about the war. The role of the most influential actors in the politics of
memory, which played a decisive role in the adoption of the concept of “imperialist war” in mass consciousness
of early Soviet society, is revealed. These major actors were the Central Committee of the RCP(b)/CPSU(b), the
Red Army, and the Comintern. The specificity of activities of the Red Army and Comintern and their interaction in
managing mass political campaigns on anniversaries of the war is discussed. The organizational mechanism of mass commemorations devoted to the “imperialist war” was reconstructed on the basis of archival materials of
the Agitprop Central Committee of the RCP(b)/CPSU(b), the Agitpropotdel of the Political Administration of the
Red Army, and the Agitprop Comintern Department. The special role of “anniversary” campaigns in promoting
the concept of “imperialist war”, involving the masses in public commemorations, is explored. The author analyzes
the activity of state structures in creating the Associations of World War veterans, the institutionalization and
ideologization of their commemorative practices, and displacement of alternative memory narratives. The article
characterizes the evolution of the politics of memory andthe adjustment of the concept and change in the use of
the image of war in propaganda of the mid-late 1930s.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 18-18-00053 “Politics
of memory vs historical memory: Napoleonic Wars and the First World War anniversaries”).

value: memory policy

value: historical memory

value: World War I

value: imperialist war

value: Soviet Russia

value: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

value: interwar period

value: anniversary

value: commemoration


dc.contributor.author

value: Blagoder, Yu. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Blagoder Yu. G. ‘“To Serve the State Interests of Russia in the Asian East”: Russian Orientalist P. V. Shkurkin’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, pp. 89–102.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using printed periodicals from the first quarter of the 20th century and publications of Russian scholars,
this article systematizes information on the military and civil service and scholarly and pedagogical activity of
Pavel Vasilyevich Shkurkin (1868–1943). For the first time, facts of the biography of this Russian officer-orientalist
are presented as a unity, with an analysis of his scientific works. Historical sources are articles published in the
journals News of the Eastern Institute, Notes of the Amur Branch of the Society of Oriental Studies, and Asian
Herald. The focus is on the scientific research that Shkurkin had done for several decades in the Russian Far
East and northern China. The article notes his heroic participation in important events of the first quarter of the
20th century: suppression of the Boxer Rebellion, in China, the Russian-Japanese War, the struggle in Manchuria
and the Russian Far East against organized Chinese gangs (Hunghuz), and the development of educational centers
in Russian settlements of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) line. In addition, the article discusses Shkurkin’s
role in multifaceted activities of scientific and educational organizations: the Amur branch of the Society of Oriental
Studies (Khabarovsk), the Society of Russian Orientalists (Harbin), and the development of oriental education
in Russia, while maintaining a high level of teaching in educational institutions for the Russian-speaking population
in China. Shkurkin’s military, civil service, scientific, and educational activities contributed to spreading
reliable knowledge about China and its inhabitants among the educated Russian public, creating a positive and
respectful attitude towards the ancient foundations of Eastern culture, and expanding positive Russian-Chinese
interaction in the border area.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 1

value: P. V. Shkurkin

value: Far East

value: Manchuria

value: Oriental Institute

value: sinology

value: Russian periodicals

dc.type

value: Article