title: New results of stable isotope and petrographic studies of Jurassic glendonites from Siberia

dc.contributor.author

value: Ершова, Виктория Бэртовна

dc.description.abstract

value:
We present the results of an optical microscopy, cathodoluminoscopy and isotopic study on nine
glendonite concretions (calcite pseudomorphs replacing metastable hexahydrate ikaite) from Lower-
Middle Jurassic sediments of Northeast Russia (Anabar Bay and Lena River region). Glendonite concretions
are mainly found within Late Pliensbachian, Toarcian, Aalenian, Bajocian and Lower Bathonian
clastic sediments, correlating to episodes of global climatic cooling as determined by independent
paleoclimate proxy data. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic values of glendonite concretions suggest
that the primary source of carbon was derived from diagenetically altered organic matter, and the
source of oxygen was from seawater. The secondary diagenetic cement is characterized by
a significantly lighter δ18O and significantly heavier δ13C signature than the isotopic characteristics of
the bulk rock glendonite concretion. This secondary diagenetic cement is thought to have precipitated
rapidly during burial diagenesis and since it occupies a significant volume of the glendonite concretion,
it has the potential to significantly influence the isotopic composition of bulk rock glendonites.


title: The Proterozoic Pogor’uy Formation of Yenisei Ridge: Age and Provenance Sources According to U/Pb Dating of Detrital Zircons

dc.contributor.author

value: Худолей, Андрей Константинович

dc.description.abstract

value:
The results of U–Pb-isotopic dating of detrital zircons from sandstones of the Proterozoic
Pogor’uy Formation, occurring to the north and south of the East Angara block of Yenisei Ridge, are presented.
The sandstones of the northern part of the East Angara block are dominated by Archean and Paleoproterozoic
populations of detrital zircons, while the samples from the southern part of the East Angara block
have been revealed up to 25% of Mesoproterozoic age grains. The detrital zircon ages allow limiting the maximum
sedimentary age of the Pogor’uy Fm. and the entire interval of its formation to 1.2–0.9 Ga. The paleogeographic
features of the Pogor’uy Fm. deposition in the context of the existing opinions on the location of
Siberia within the Rodinia supercontinent were examined

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


title: Ferro-manganese nodules from the Kara Sea: Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis

dc.contributor.author

value: Худолей, Андрей Константинович

dc.description.abstract

value:
Sixteen ferromanganese nodules collected from a large area in the Kara Sea were studied by optical and scanning
electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry, and electron microprobe analysis. The geological setting, chemical and mineralogical features
suggest that Fe-Mn concretions of the Kara Sea mainly were formed by diagenetic process, while hydrogenetic
process is secondary if present. The studied nodules are characterized by the alternation of Mn- and Fe-P-enriched
laminae. The Fe-P-rich laminae are almost completely composed of an amorphous phase under X-ray. We
consider that the phosphatization process did not occur during formation of the Fe-Mn crusts and nodules from
the Kara Sea. Several Mn-bearing phases are present in the studied samples (buserite-1, birnessite and X-ray
amorphous phase). All studied nodules have similar contents of the main chemical elements. In all cases, the
samples are depleted in light REE, enriched in heavy REE, and have negative Ce and Y anomalies. Our data
indicate that diagenetic crusts and nodules differ significantly in terms of chemical composition from other types
of Fe-Mn concretions. Based on their Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, Zr and Mo contents, we could differentiate diagenetic
concretions from hydrogenetic and hydrothermal (both high and low-temperature) concretions.

dc.publisher

value: Elsevier


title: Эволюция тектонического прогибания южной части Восточно-Баренцевского осадочного бассейна

dc.contributor.author

value: Худолей, Андрей Константинович

dc.identifier.citation

value: Нилов, С. П., Москаленко, А. Н., Худолей, А. К. (2019). Эволюция текто- нического прогибания южной части Восточно-Баренцевского осадочного бассейна. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Науки о Земле, 64 (4), 598–611

dc.description.abstract

value:
По результатам интерпретации шести сейсмических профилей и с учетом разрезов
единичных глубоких скважин проведена реконструкция истории прогибания южной
части Восточно-Баренцевского осадочного бассейна. Построены кривые общего и тек-
тонического прогибания, позволившие определить величину растяжения литосферы
(коэффициент β) на протяжении истории развития региона. Значения коэффициента
β варьируют в диапазоне от 2,5–3,0 для зон с максимальной мощностью осадков в цен-
тральной части прогиба до 1,25–1,66 для зон с минимальной мощностью осадков на
окраинах прогиба. Близкие величины коэффициента β характеризуют Атлантическое
побережье Северной Америки в области широкого развития переходной коры. Если
наблюдаемую в настоящее время континентальную кору соседних регионов Балтий-
ского щита (около 40 км) рассматривать как ненарушенную, то, согласно сейсмическим
данным, утонение коры в осадочных бассейнах Баренцева моря достигает примерно
2,5, что близко к значениям, получаемым по модели Маккензи. Сопоставление полу-
ченных данных с теоретическими моделями прогибания на пассивных окраинах ука-
зывает, что рифтогенез и переход к стадии формирования осадочного бассейна проис-
ходил по модели равномерного растяжения Маккензи. Хотя имеющиеся геологические
данные свидетельствуют, что наиболее интенсивная фаза рифтогенеза была в позднем
девоне, судя по форме кривых общего и тектонического прогибания, наиболее интен-
сивное прогибание происходило в перми и триасе. Полученное противоречие позволя-
ет предполагать, что в результате позднедевонского рифтогенеза сформировался глу-
боководный бассейн, заполнение которого осадками началось только в перми. Глубина
бассейна, оцениваемая по литологическим и палеонтологическим данным, колеблется
в пределах от 1,0 до 3,5 км. Судя по форме кривых тектонического прогибания, для ка-
менноугольного времени оценка глубины бассейна в 3,0–3,5 км наиболее реалистична.
Ключевые слова: Восточно-Баренцевский осадочный бассейн, Южно-Баренцевская
впадина, кривые тектонического прогибания, коэффициент (β)

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РФФИ-Норвегия № 16-55-20012

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет


title: Геохимические особенности битумопроявлений в нижне‑среднедевонских отложениях северо-западной части о. Котельный (архипелаг Новосибирские острова)

dc.contributor.author

value: Худолей, Андрей Константинович

dc.description.abstract

value:
В работе представлены результаты изучения органического вещества (ОВ) пород, состава, химической струк-
туры хлороформенных битумоидов (ХБ), их фракций и характера распределения углеводородов-биомаркеров
в образцах, отобранных из обнажений. Полученные результаты подтвердили существующее представление о
доманикоидной природе ОВ и высоком нефтегенерационном потенциале изученных отложений. По нашим дан-
ным на аквагенный тип ОВ указывает высокое содержание Сорг, большой выход ХБ, высокое содержание масел
в составе синбитумоидов, преобладание относительно низкомолекулярных н-алканов с максимумом на нС15-18.
О достаточной зрелости битумоидов можно судить по коэффициентам CPI, близким к единице, и низким значе-
ниям коэффициентов поглощения кислородсодержащих групп и связей в ХБ, таким образом отложения вошли
в зону главной фазы нефтеобразования и генерировали жидкие углеводороды (УВ), которые могли мигрировать
и образовывать скопления. По данным хромато-масс-спектрометрии показано, что особенностью состава ХБ из
нижнедевонских отложений является присутствие высоких концентраций дибензтиофенов в отличие от среднего
девона, что может быть связано с формированием исходного ОВ в обстановке с более высокой сероводород-
ной заражённостью осадков. Высказано предположение о том, что нафтиды, генерированные аквагенным ОВ
нижнедевонских отложений, могут быть обогащены дибензтиофенами. Изученные битумопроявления носят,
главным образом, сингенетичный характер и испытали влияние гипергенного окисления (судя по характеру ИК-
спектров смолистых компонентов) и контактового метаморфизма. По особенностям распределения насыщенных
УВ показано, что в среднем девоне битумопроявления наряду с химическим окислением были в разной степени
затронуты процессами бактериального окисления в отличие от нижнедевонских битумопроявлений. Полученные
результаты могут быть использованы при оценке генерационного потенциала нефтематеринских толщ и при
прогнозе перспектив нефтегазоносности шельфа восточного сектора Российской части Арктики.


title: Chirvinskyite, (Na,Ca)13(Fe,Mn,□)2(Ti,Nb)2(Zr,Ti)3(Si2O7)4(OH,O,F)12, a new mineral with a modular wallpaper structure, from the Khibiny alkaline massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Chirvinskyite, (Na,Ca)13(Fe,Mn, )2(Ti,Nb)2(Zr,Ti)3(Si2O7)4(OH,O,F)12, is a new wöhlerite–
related zirconotitano–sorosilicate. It is triclinic, P 1, a = 7.0477(5), b = 9.8725(5), c = 12.2204(9) Å,
  = 77.995(5),   = 82.057(6),
 = 89.988(5) , V = 823.35(9) Å3, Z = 1. The mineral was found in
albitized alkaline pegmatites in a foyaite of the Mt. Takhtarvumchorr (Khibiny alkaline massif,
Kola Peninsula, Russia, N 67 400, E 33 330). Chirvinskyite forms sheaf–like and radiated aggregates
(up to 6 mm in diameter) of split fibrous crystals hosted by saccharoidal fluorapatite and albite.
The mineral is pale cream in color, with a silky luster and a white streak. The cleavage is not
recognized. Mohs hardness is 5. Chirvinskyite is biaxial (–),   1.670(2),   1.690(2),
 1.705(2) (589 nm),
2Vcalc = 80.9 . The calculated and measured densities are 3.41 and 3.07(2) g cm􀀀3, respectively.
The empirical formula based on Si = 8 apfu is (Na9.81Ca3.28K0.01)P
13.10(Fe0.72Mn0.69 0.54Mg0.05)P
2.00
(Ti1.81Nb0.19)P
2.00(Zr2.27Ti0.63)P
2.90(Si2O7)4{(OH)5.94O3.09F2.97}P
12.00. Chirvinskyite belongs to a new
structure type of minerals and inorganic compounds and is related to the wöhlerite-group minerals.
Its modular “wallpaper” structure consists of disilicate groups Si2O7 and three types of “octahedral
walls”. The mineral is named in honor of Petr Nikolaevich Chirvinsky (1880–1955), Russian geologist
and petrographer, head of the Petrography Department of the Perm’ State University (1943–1953),
for his contributions to mineralogy and petrology, including studies of the Khibiny alkaline massif.


title: High-temperature Fe oxidation coupled with redistribution of framework cations in lobanovite, K2Na(Fe2+4Mg2Na)Ti2(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4 - The first titanosilicate case

dc.description.abstract

value:
The high-temperature (HT) behaviour of lobanovite, K2Na(Fe2+
4Mg2Na)Ti2-
(Si4O12)2O2(OH)4, was studied using in situ powder X-ray diffraction in the
temperature range 25–1000 C and ex situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction of 17
crystals quenched from different temperatures. HT iron oxidation associated
with dehydroxylation starts at 450 C, similar to other ferrous-hydroxy-rich
heterophyllosilicates such as astrophyllite and bafertisite. A prominent feature
of lobanovite HT crystal chemistry is the redistribution of Fe and Mg+Mn
cations over the M(2), M(3), M(4) sites of the octahedral (O) layer that
accompanies iron oxidation and dehydroxylation. This HT redistribution of
cations has not been observed in titanosilicates until now, and seems to be
triggered by the need to maintain bond strengths at the apical oxygen atom of
the TiO5 pyramid in the heteropolyhedral (H) layer during oxidation–
dehydroxylation. Comparison of the HT behaviour of lobanovite with fivecoordinated
Ti and astrophyllite with six-coordinated Ti shows that the
geometry of the Ti polyhedron plays a key role in the HT behaviour of
heterophyllosilicates. The thermal expansion, geometrical changes and redistribution
of site occupancies which occur in lobanovite under increasing
temperature are reported. A brief discussion is given of minerals in which the
cation ordering (usually for Fe and Mg) occurs together with iron oxidation–
dehydroxylation at elevated temperatures: micas, amphiboles and tourmalines.
Now this list is expanded by the inclusion of titanosilicate minerals.


title: Detrital zircon record of the Mesoproterozoic to Lower Cambrian sequences of NW Russia: implications for the paleogeography of the Baltic interior

dc.contributor.author

value: Ершова, Виктория Бэртовна

dc.description.abstract

value:
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb detrital zircon isotope
data from Mesoproterozoic to Lower Cambrian strata of the St Petersburg region are used to characterize
the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the Baltica continent. We dated fifteen samples
and divided them into three groups based on their distribution of detrital zircons. The first group
(comprising Lower Mesoproterozoic rocks) is dominated by Early Mesoproterozoic and Late
Paleoproterozoic zircons, mostly derived from weathering of proximal source region including rapakivi
granites exposed across the neighboring Baltic Shield. The second group includes Upper Ediacaran
samples (Redkino and Kotlin Regional Stages), with major zircon populations ranging in age between
1970–1850 and 1600–1550 Ma, respectively, correlating with magmatic and metamorphic events within
the Svecofennian Orogeny and rapakivi granite igneous activity in the interior of Fennoscandia. The
third group of samples, collected from both the uppermost Ediacaran and lowermost Cambrian
deposits (Kotlin, Lontova and Dominopol Regional Stages), contains older Paleo-Mesoproterozoic
zircons as well as Late Neoproterozoic-earliest Cambrian zircons, indicating a Timanian source area
and exhibiting a age spectra similar to spectra for coeval rocks of the Scandinavian Caledonides.
Therefore, we conclude that reworking and transport of continental detritus from the Timanian
Orogen began during Late Ediacaran, earlier than previously supposed, with transport of Timanian
detritus not only to the marginal part of Baltica (known from the Scandinavian Caledonides), but also to
the distal interior of Baltica.


title: Provenance of the Devonian–Carboniferous clastics of the southern part of the Prikolyma terrane (Verkhoyansk–Kolyma orogen) based on U–Pb dating of detrital zircons

dc.contributor.author

value: Ершова, Виктория Бэртовна

dc.description.abstract

value:
U–Pb dating of detrital zircons collected from the Middle–Upper Palaeozoic strata of the Prikolyma
terrane (Verkhoyansk–Kolyma orogen) provide the first insight into provenance areas and the Middle–
Late Palaeozoic geological history of the Russian Far East. Detrital zircon ages from the Lower–Middle
Devonian sandstones group around 395–405 M (Emsian–Eifelian) which correlate well to trachyte of the
Uvyazka zone and the Kedon Complex of the North Okhotsk active continental margin located on the
Omolon terrane. Precambrian-aged zircons group around 1740–2080 and 2460–2800 Ma, respectively,
suggesting possible sources within metamorphic rocks of the basement of the Omolon terrane
or the Siberian Craton. The majority of the zircons from the Lower and Upper Carboniferous sandstones
group around 333–375 Ma, suggesting that the principle source of the clastics were volcanic rocks and
comagmatic felsic intrusions of the Kedon Complex of the North Okhotsk active continental margin.
Our new data allow us to evaluate and revise the available palaeotectonic reconstructions of northeast
Asia for the Devonian and Carboniferous.

dc.publisher

value: Taylor & Francis


title: Информация о результатах мониторинга правоприменения за январь 2019 года

dc.contributor.author

value: Кашкарова, Ирина Николаевна

dc.description.abstract

value: Abstract

dc.subject

value: обжалование решений

value: дисциплинарное взыскание

value: применении к адвокату мер дисциплинарного взыскания

value: адвокат

dc.title

value: Other

format: Microsoft Word XML


title: Chapter 3. Constructional syntactic analysis

dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Sergey A.

value: Skrebtsova, Tatiana G.

value: Suvorov, Sergey G.

value: Klementyeva, Anna V.

dc.description.abstract

value:
At this stage, a semantic-syntactic dictionary is activated, in order to supply the letter
tokens with the information concerning their contextual realization and meaning proper.
The list of features assigned to a word form is thus augmented by semantic and syntactic
ones. Contextual realization is specified by means of subcategorization frames. Meaning
is described in terms of semantic features which may or may not be hierarchically arranged. Among them, basic features are identified, e.g. ‘living being’, ‘action’, ‘space’, ‘time’,
‘quantity’, that have no direct bearing on the parts of speech. Thus, the feature ‘action’ can
be assigned both to verbs and nouns. Additional semantic features make it possible to
account for manifold aspects of word meaning. Thus, horse is marked both as ‘domestic
animal’ and ‘vehicle’, which would be impossible in case of a strict hierarchy of features.
The algorithm of syntactic analysis draws on the same basic idea as that of graphematical analysis, viz. iterative assembling of individual tokens into syntactic constructions,
from local groups to larger ones until a resulting syntactic structure of a whole sentence
emerges consisting of Subject-Predicate-Objects-Adverbials. Syntactic rules are ranked
accordingly. The chapter illustrates the work of algorithm in a variety of cases and discusses multiple difficulties resulting from the syntactic ambiguity.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: semantic feature

value: subcategorization frame

value: syntactic analysis

value: syntactic rule

value: syntactic ambiguity

dc.type

value: Book chapter


title: Chapter 4. Communicative syntactic analysis

dc.description.abstract

value:
The goal of communicative analysis is to transform the Subject-Predicate-Objects-Adverbials structure of individual sentences into a metalinguistic information structure.
In the latter, two basic data types are identified, objects and attributes. Attributes are
linked to a single object or establish connections between a number of objects (in which
case they can be also called predicates). An attribute together with its object(s) forms a
proposition. In the information structure, objects can be related to one another either
directly or via attributes. Attributes are also interrelated by temporal, causal, and other
links. There is no direct correspondence between the constituents of the Subject-Predicate-Objects-Adverbials structure and the information structure components, e.g. the
subject of a sentence does not necessarily become an object in the information structure,
etc. The analysis of successive sentences requires to keep track of objects and attributes,
which brings in the problem of reference. Information on space and time should also be
accounted for and represented in the overall structure. As no restrictions are imposed on
the type of the analyzed texts, the chapter summarizes the distinctive features of various
text types. However, they prove to be insufficient for the type identification. The situation
is further complicated by their intricate combinations (narration can alternate with description, persuasion can enter into narration, etc.). This chapter is a pilot study of quite
a number of issues central for natural language processing but as yet lacking attention
and satisfactory solution.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: information structure

value: proposition

value: reference

value: temporal structure

value: text type


title: Chapter 5. Functional-pragmatic text analysis

dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Sergey A.

value: Skrebtsova, Tatiana G.

value: Suvorov, Sergey G.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Drawing on Charles Bally’s distinction between dictum and modus, the final chapter
deals with the pragmatic analysis of propositions identified at the previous step. Propositions can be expressed by an attribute linking together a number of objects or by a single
word (implicit proposition). Implicit propositions should be made explicit, i.e. missing
objects should be brought out. Each proposition is attributed a conceptual type. The authors posit four types of propositions, namely, fact, opinion, evaluation and expression
of will. While the distinction between fact and opinion is common enough, evaluation
emphasizes the emotional, or expressive, aspect of an utterance, and the expression of
will has to do with persuasive speech acts. Next, relations between propositions, both
local and distant, are established, which makes it possible to bring them together within
a rhetorical text structure. The units of rhetorical structure are quite different from both
the syntactic and communicative ones and vary depending on the its type (statement,
persuasion, directive, etc.).

dc.subject

value: fact

value: opinion

value: evaluation

value: expression of will

value: rhetorical structure


title: Conclusion

dc.contributor.author

value: Klementyeva, Anna V.

dc.description.abstract

value: Conclusion

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Book chapter


title: Mechanisms of changes in dynamical complexity of physiological signal patterns

dc.contributor.author

value: Dik, Olga E.

value: Nozdrachev, Alexander D.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The monograph is a continuation of the development of the concept of reducing the dynamic complexity of physiological rhythms in the event of a pathological condition. The results presented in
the monograph represent new evidence of the change in this complexity in various disorders of
the functional state of the central nervous system, and give an understanding that only a complex
application of a combination of nonlinear dynamics and wavelet analysis methods to the analysis
of physiological signals allows, firstly, to identify statistical significant differences in the structure of
the patterns of the studied signals for a healthy person and a person with functional disorders, and,
secondly, to determine the biophysical mechanisms of changes in the dynamic complexity of these
patterns when the functional state changes.
The biophysical mechanisms underlying the change in the dynamic complexity of patterns of electrical activity of the brain and involuntary hand oscillations in the event of pathological conditions
associated with anxiety-phobic disorders, vascular disorders, epileptic injuries, motor dysfunctions,
and neuropathic pain are considered. It is shown that in the case of multifractal signals, these mechanisms are associated with a change in the degree of correlation of patterns due to the occurrence of
fluctuations in sequential signal values, and in the case of non-fractal signals, with the occurrence
of bifurcations leading to a change in oscillation modes.
The possibility of using wavelet, multifractal and recurrent characteristics of EEG patterns and involuntary hand oscillations is demonstrated to assess the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatment in pain syndrome in patients with anxiety-phobic disorders, to find the degree of deviation
of a person’s motor function from the norm and to reliably distinguish between parkinsonian and
essential tremors. The mechanisms of structural rearrangements in the patterns of tremor arising
during the performance of a motor task are revealed, and an explanation is obtained for the decrease in this complexity with an increase in the degree of deviation of a person’s motor function
from the norm. The molecular mechanism underlying the change in the dynamic complexity of
the patterns of impulse activity of sensory neurons in the event of an antinociceptive response has
been identified.
The monograph is addressed to both biophysicists, neurophysiologists, and clinical practitioners,
since the research results presented in it allow assessing the degree of disorders of the functional
state of the nervous system and represent new approaches to the diagnosis of these conditions.
The monograph includes a detailed description of modern methods for analyzing the dynamics of
non-stationary physiological signals and can be used by graduate students and researchers specializing in the study of the structure of dynamic changes in complex signals generated by physical,
chemical, biological or economic systems.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was carried out with the financial support of the Fundamental Research Science
Program in State Academies for 2013–2020 (GP-14, section 64).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: physiological signal patterns

value: multifractality

value: EEG

value: anxiety-phobic disorders

value: vascular disorders

value: epileptic injuries

value: parkinsonian and essential tremor

value: wavelet transform

value: intermittent photic stimulation

value: recurrence

value: dynamical complexity

value: bifurcation analysis

value: bursting activity

value: nociceptive neuron model

dc.type

value: Book


title: Chapter 2. Token attribution

dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Sergey A.

value: Skrebtsova, Tatiana G.

value: Suvorov, Sergey G.

value: Klementyeva, Anna V.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of this step is to check the previously assigned token types and to provide the
letter tokens with morphological information, i.e. values of the relevant grammatical
categories. As far as word forms are concerned, the procedure is normally called morphological analysis. However, since a text may contain other token types (e.g. abbreviations, formulae, Internet hyperlinks, phone numbers), it is generally referred to as
token attribution. In the chapter, a wide range of token types are considered from the
processing viewpoint. In particular, the letter token analysis presupposes a search in a
number of dictionaries. Apart from a regular Russian morphological dictionary, search
is also performed in the dictionaries of abbreviations, of fixed phrases, and of proper
names (personal, geographical, etc.). Morphological analysis often yields more than a
single attribution. In some cases, the ambiguity can be reduced by taking into account
graphematical information, but most often, it will remain and pose further problems for
the syntactic analysis. If the search for a letter token fails in all the dictionaries, the algorithm tries to identify its lemma and predict the grammatical meaning. The attribution
of other token types is made by mapping them onto a range of patterns. Typical problems
of both operations are discussed.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: morphological analysis

value: tokenization

value: abbreviation

value: fixed phrase

value: proper name

value: morphological prediction

dc.title

value: Chapter 2. Token attribution

value: Book chapter


title: Introduction

dc.description.abstract

value:
Over the last decades, the challenging problem of natural language processing has received much attention from scholars of linguistics and computer science. However, it still
remains a topical issue. Despite recent advancements in particular areas, the development of new tools and techniques, few frameworks have been created accounting for the
overall processing of text and involving all types of linguistic analysis.
The book outlines an original approach for the automated analysis of Russian texts aimed
at revealing their information structure. The linguistic analyzer devised by the authors
begins with an unstructured Russian text and, after performing graphematical, morphological, syntactic, and communicative analyses, transforms it into a metalinguistic network. No restrictions on the text type are imposed, except that it should be written in the
standard Russian language.
The authors present a pilot study and do not aim to give a full account of the linguistic
analyzer. The focus is primarily on the linguistic aspects of its work rather than on the
particular algorithms. Furthermore, they put forward certain fundamental principles
that cut across text processing at different stages and make the proposed approach consistent and well-integrated. These principles constitute the theoretical background of the
book and are stated below.
As has already been mentioned, the analyzer is supposed to operate on various text types,
regardless of their style and genre, and process them from the lowest level of individual
characters up to the whole discourse. Normally, natural language processing is limited
to a particular text type, task, or kind of analysis. Thus, the proposed approach is much
wider in scope than the majority of projects in the field.
A central feature of the proposed approach is the principal idea of relying solely on the
linguistic information contained in text. The analyzer does not resort to probability calculations or statistical methods. While admitting the usefulness of mathematical apparatus for the narrow-scope linguistic applications, the authors believe that a comprehensive
interpretation of text requires qualitative rather than quantitative techniques. Thus, the
emphasis is placed on a thorough linguistic analysis. After all, human beings do not have
to calculate probability in order to understand natural-language texts.
The work of the linguistic analyzer encompasses a number of stages roughly corresponding to the book chapters. It begins with graphematical analysis of individual characters,
and proceeds to morphological, semantic, syntactic, and communicative analyses. The
latter includes quite a number of text organization aspects, including those of pragmatics
and rhetorical structure. A major focus is on the constructional syntactic analysis. In the
processing, a number of dictionaries are activated, either compiled from scratch or adjusted and augmented by the authors. In particular, there are dictionaries of graphemes,
abbreviations, fixed phrases as well as morphological and semantic-syntactic dictionary.
ix
Linguistic analysis consists in the interpretation of information contained in the verbal
component of the text. As a result, units are assigned values of relevant features. This
is done in a strictly progressive manner, beginning with the lowest-rank graphematical
characters up to the highest-rank syntactic groupings, viz. group of subject, group of
predicate, object groups and those of adverbials. Characters (graphemes) are specified in
terms of their type (with the values letter / non-letter character, the former being further
characterized as belonging to a particular writing system and the latter being subdivided
into number / non-number characters). Morphological analyzer assigns word forms
values of grammatical categories relevant for the Russian language (number: singular
/ plural, genus: masculine / feminine / neuter, aspect: perfect / imperfect, tense: past /
present / future, etc.). At the stage of syntactic analysis, values of semantic features are
added on the basis of semantic-syntactic dictionary as well as values of syntactic ones,
specifying the role of the word or phrase in the sentence. Thus, information extracted at
every processing stage is uniformly expressed by tags capturing features and their values.
It should be emphasized that very little useful information concerning relevant features
and their values can be automatically extracted from the existing dictionaries and reference books, as they are not oriented towards natural language processing. The algorithm
uses rules of if… then… format, and no traditional books on language present information in this way. So, much empirical work had to be done to both re-formulate the
existing knowledge and bring out more specific regularities. Russian National Corpus
containing vast amount of current usage was a valuable resource the authors used for that
purpose. The whole procedure proved to be effort- and time-consuming.
The book discusses at length classical problems of computational linguistics from the
viewpoint of the analyzing algorithms and illustrates them with samples found in a variety of fictional, mass-media, legal, etc. texts. Among such problems, ambiguity resolution
stands out most sharply, plaguing all natural-language processing endeavors at all levels
of analysis. With respect to the analyzer concerned, ambiguity resolution would mean
picking up a single interpretation of feature values out of a whole range of options. Unlike
some other computational models, the analyzer is not supposed to cope with ambiguity
as soon as possible, at the very stage when it occurs. Rather, ambiguity resolution is postponed till the moment when it can be safely dealt with. Thus, morphological ambiguity
is usually cancelled at the syntactic stage while reference resolution would require going
beyond sentence boundaries.
Along with practical computational issues, the book touches upon some global and “eternal” problems, such as What is word? and What is sentence? This was not originally
among the authors’ goals and certainly does not constitute a priority. Rather, it is a byproduct of working with real language data and attempting to map them onto the rigid
traditional concepts.
The ultimate goal of the processing is a metalinguistic network, with objects being assigned certain properties and linked together by predicates. Such network could be used
in a wide range of applications bearing on the collection, updating, search, and extraction
x
of information. However, the very transition from a syntactic structure to a metalinguistic network poses a host of problems, being a largely untrodden ground. It is here that
the exploratory character of the study reaches its climax. The authors hope that the discussion in the book will open up new perspectives on the extension of natural language
processing beyond the sentence level.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Introduction


title: Chapter 1. Graphematical analysis

dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Sergey A.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Graphematical analysis marks the first stage of text processing. However, prior to it, basic text structuring takes place, resulting in the identification of paragraphs and their
types, e.g. title, subtitle, author name(s), chapter and section titles, footnotes, endnotes,
figures, appendices, epigraphs, etc. After that, graphematical analysis proper begins. Its
aim is to decompose the flow of letter and non-letter graphemes into character strings
such as individual words, abbreviations, numbers, and hybrid strings (e.g. mathematical
formulae). The procedure implies an iterative process of unit assembling, from individual
characters to what is called atoms, next to tokens (roughly equivalent to word occurrences), sentence parts and finally, a whole sentence. At every stage, each unit is assigned
its type. Assembling relies on the rules based solely on a thorough structural analysis of
context. No formal models or statistical methods are applied, this being a central principle of the linguistic analyzer, inherent in all its algorithms. At this stage, complications
arise primarily through the ambiguity of punctuation marks. They are discussed at length
throughout the chapter.

dc.subject

value: grapheme

value: letter grapheme

value: non-letter grapheme

value: character string

value: punctuation mark

dc.title

value: Chapter 1. Graphematical analysis


title: Chapter 6. Mechanisms of changes in dynamic complexity of involuntary oscillations of the human hand with movement disorders

dc.contributor.author

value: Dik, Olga E.

value: Nozdrachev, Alexander D.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The sixth chapter examines the mechanisms of changes in the dynamic complexity of hand
tremor with an increase in the degree of motor disorders. For this, multifractal and wavelet
properties of involuntary oscillations that arise during the performance of certain motor tasks
by a healthy person and a person with varying degrees of motor pathology are investigated.
It was shown that clinical manifestations of pathological tremor correlate, firstly, with a significant
increase in the global energy of the wavelet spectrum and, secondly, with a decrease in the width
of the singularity spectrum. At the same time, an improvement in the functional state (a decrease
in the amplitude of a pathological tremor) corresponds to a decrease in long-term correlations and
an increase in the randomness of up-down patterns, which corresponds to a partial shift of the
singularity spectrum into the range of values typical for a tremor of the hand of a healthy person.
The mechanism for reducing the dynamic complexity of patterns of involuntary oscillations of
the human hand with an increase in the degree of motor disorders is based on a decrease in the
contribution of strong fluctuations, accompanied by the appearance of long-term correlations of
sequential values of tremor. The considered features in changes in tremor patterns make it possible
to quantify the degree of movement disorders and can be used to facilitate the differential diagnosis of the parkinsonian and essential tremor in complex clinical cases.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: multifractality degree

value: singularity spectrum

value: parkinsonian and essential tremor


title: Chapter 1. Research methods

dc.description.abstract

value:
The first chapter presents methods for analyzing nonstationary physiological signals. Among them
are 1) the method of continuous wavelet analysis, which allows obtaining the local and integral
distribution of the energy of the wavelet spectrum of the signal over frequencies in a certain time
interval, as well as providing information on the cross-wavelet spectrum and wavelet coherence of
two signals; 2) methods for assessing the multifractality of a signal by searching for the maxima of
the wavelet transform modulus maxima and by analyzing fluctuations relative to the trend; 3) the
method of recurrent analysis, which allows to identify the quantitative parameters of the evolution
of the signal in time, 4) the method of bifurcation analysis, which allows finding the values of the
system parameters at which a qualitative change in the solution of the system occurs, for example,
a change in the mode of impulse activity of a neuron.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: nonlinear dynamics

value: multifractality

value: recurrence

value: wavelet transform

value: bifurcations

dc.title

value: Chapter 1. Research methods

dc.type

value: Book chapter


title: Chapter 2. Mechanisms of changes in dynamic complexity of EEG patterns in epileptic brain injury

dc.description.abstract

value:
The second chapter is devoted to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the changes in the dynamic complexity of EEG patterns in disorders of the functional state of the brain associated with
epileptic injuries, and modeling the possibility of automatic detection of epileptic discharges based
on a comparative study of changes in wavelet spectra and the degree of multifractality of EEG patterns in patients with partial symptomatic epilepsy before, during and after epileptic discharges, as
well as when opening the eyes and during hyperventilation during periods of absence of epileptic
discharges. Comparative analysis of changes in wavelet spectra and in degree of multifractality of
EEG patterns in patients with partial symptomatic epilepsy before, during and after epileptic discharges, as well as during covering the eyes and with hyperventilation during periods of absence
of epileptic discharges, proved that changes in the values of multifractal parameters and the maximum of the global energy of the EEG wavelet spectrum can be used to automatically distinguish
between periods before, during and after an epileptic discharge. Using multifractal analysis, it was
found that the mechanism of changes in the dynamic complexity of EEG patterns during the occurrence of epileptic discharges is based on an increase in the contribution of weak fluctuations
of successive EEG values, leading to an increase in their correlation and a significant increase in
the energy of the wavelet spectrum and the degree of multifractality of the pattern in the preictal
period.

dc.subject

value: EEG

value: epileptic discharges

value: ictal period


title: Chapter 3. Mechanisms of changes in dynamic complexity of EEG patterns underlying correction of psychogenic pain in anxiety-phobic states

dc.contributor.author

value: Dik, Olga E.

value: Nozdrachev, Alexander D.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The third chapter explains the mechanisms for correcting anxiety-phobic states. For this, the
changes occurring in the EEG patterns during the presentation of a painful stimulus and in the process of eliminating the pain sensation using the psychorelaxation technique in healthy individuals are considered; and these changes are compared with changes in EEG patterns during
patients’ feelings of psychogenic pain and during its removal using psycho-relaxation techniques.
It has been shown that the mechanisms underlying the correction of psychogenic pain in anxiety-phobic states are associated with changes in the dynamics of successive EEG values and the
degree of their multifractality. With successful correction in the process of psychorelaxation in
persons with anxiety-phobic disorders, there is a transition to the values of multifractal parameters
characteristic for healthy people.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: anxiety-phobic states

value: psychogenic pain


title: Introduction

dc.description.abstract

value:
It is known that any physiological system is capable of adapting to constantly changing environmental conditions, due to which its physiological parameters are characterized by significant variability. The signals generated by physiological systems have the properties of nonlinearity and nonstationarity. This means that small changes in system parameters can cause significant changes in
the system responses, i.e. signals, and the signal structure changes significantly over time. The dynamic complexity of signal patterns indicates the presence of structural rearrangements reflecting
their nonstationarity. The question naturally arises: due to what biophysical mechanisms there are
changes in the pattern structure in case of violations of the functional state of the system?
The monograph is devoted to the study of the dynamic complexity of the temporal organization of
physiological signal patterns reflecting the variability and nonstationarity of the temporal dynamics
of physiological processes. It is believed that this complexity is based on the diversity of the control
processes of functional nerve connections, and the pathology of the control process is associated
with the loss of the dynamic complexity of patterns, the emergence of a dominant pattern or even a
dominant frequency, leading to the inability of the physiological system to respond to unpredictable
stimuli in a varied and adequate manner.
The concept of reducing the dynamic complexity of physiological rhythms in the event of a pathological condition first appeared in the works of American physicists, who showed that some fundamental parameters of physiological rhythms, for example, the degree of multifractality of heart
rhythm intervals in a healthy person is statistically stable, and aging or a disease associated with
heart rhythm disturbances , leads to the loss of this multifractality.
The results presented in this monograph are a continuation of the development of this concept.
These results reveal the mechanisms of changes in this complexity and provide new evidence of
changes in this complexity in various disorders of the functional state of the central nervous system
associated with anxiety-phobic disorders, vascular disorders, epileptic injuries, motor dysfunctions,
and neuropathic pain.
For the first time, the possibility of using wavelet, multifractal and recurrent characteristics of EEG
patterns and involuntary hand oscillations was shown to assess the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatment in pain syndrome in patients with anxiety-phobic disorders, to find the degree of
deviation of a person’s motor function from the norm and to reliably distinguish between parkinsonian and essential tremors. For the first time, the mechanisms of structural rearrangements in the
patterns of tremor arising during the performance of a motor task were identified, and an explanation was obtained for the decrease in this complexity with an increase in the degree of deviation of
a person’s motor function from the norm. For the first time, the molecular mechanism underlying
the change in the dynamic complexity of the patterns of impulse activity of sensory neurons in the
event of an antinociceptive response has been determined.
The monograph contains 7 chapters. The first chapter discusses the main methods of analysis of
non-stationary physiological signals. The second chapter is devoted to elucidating the mechanisms
underlying the changes in the dynamic complexity of EEG patterns in disorders of the functional
state of the brain associated with epileptic injuries, and modeling the possibility of automatic detection of epileptic discharges based on wavelet and multifractal characteristics of EEG patterns in a
patient with symptomatic partial epilepsy. The third chapter explains the mechanisms for correcting
anxiety-phobic states. For this, the changes occurring in the EEG patterns during the presentation
of a painful stimulus and in the process of eliminating the pain sensation using the psychorelaxation
technique in healthy individuals are considered; these changes are compared with changes in EEG
patterns during psychorelaxation in patients with anxiety-phobic disorders. The fourth and fifth
chapters are devoted to the analysis of changes occurring in reactive EEG patterns in disorders of
the functional state of the central nervous system associated with vascular pathology of the brain
and cardiac arrhythmias of varying severity. The sixth chapter examines the mechanisms of changes
in the dynamic complexity of hand tremor with an increase in the degree of motor disorders. The
seventh chapter is devoted to the determination of the mechanisms of changes in the dynamic complexity of the patterns of impulse activity of nociceptors when the antinociceptive response occurs.
The monograph is addressed to specialists in the field of studying the structure of dynamic changes in both the bioelectrical activity of the brain and the activity of individual neurons during the
development of various kinds of pathological conditions.
The results presented in the monograph can be used in clinical practice to solve a number of
clinical tasks, such as automatic detection of epileptic discharges in patients with partial epilepsy,
assessment of the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic influence and the degree of psychoemotional
excitability, the degree of deviation of a person’s motor function from the norm and a reliable distinction between parkinsonian and essential tremor.
This study was supported by the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research of State Academies
for 2013–2020 (GP-14, Section 64). The authors are deeply grateful to the staff of the I.P. Pavlov
Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, whose joint scientific results were used to
one degree or another in writing the book. Among them, we would like to highlight B.V. Krylov
and V.B. Plakhova, the senior researchers of Laboratory for physiology of excitable membranes for
useful discussions and their help with data recordings for experimental families of currents via the
Na V 1.8 channels and I.A. Svyatogor, the senior researcher of Laboratory for interception for her
help with EEG data recordings. We are grateful to the management of St. Petersburg State University for interest in this book and support for its publication.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.title

value: Introduction


title: Chapter 7. Mechanisms of antinoceptive response of a sensory neuron

dc.description.abstract

value:
The seventh chapter is devoted to the determination of the mechanisms of changes in the dynamic
complexity of the patterns of impulse activity of nociceptors. As a result of the study of the mechanisms of changes in the dynamic complexity of the patterns of impulse activity of nociceptive
neurons when the antinociceptive response occurs, it was found that the change in this complexity
is based on rearrangements in the temporal organization of patterns due to bifurcations of stationary states and limit cycles, leading to the appearance of two types of burst activity. The mechanism
of correction of the damaging pain effect is based on the molecular mechanism of suppression
of this activity associated with the modification of the activation gating structure of slow sodium
NaV1.8 channels under the action of comenic acid, a drug substance of the non-opioid analgesic
“Anoceptin”. The methodology for analyzing the considered molecular mechanism can be used
in the search for new pharmacological targets for further research related to the development of
innovative pharmacological strategies in the correction of pathological conditions.

dc.subject

value: nonlinear dynamics

value: nociceptors

value: bursting

value: slow sodium NaV1.8 channels


title: Chapter 4. Analysis of the ability of the brain to assimilate the rhythm set frequency for vascular pathology varying degrees of severity

dc.description.abstract

value:
The fourth chapter is devoted to the analysis of changes occurring in reactive EEG patterns in
disorders of the functional state of the central nervous system associated with vascular pathology
of the brain. The coefficients of photic driving and holding and the energy increase times gained in
EEG patterns of patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy differ significantly from the parameters determined for the healthy subjects. When studying the changes occurring in reactive EEG
patterns under the influence of rhythmic photostimulation, it was shown that various disorders
of the functional state of the nervous system arising in vascular pathology of the brain of varying severity (initial manifestations in the form of vegetative vascular dystonia, more pronounced
manifestations as a result of hypertension and vertebrobasilar insufficiency), manifest themselves
as features of the brain to respond in a certain way to a given rhythm. It was shown that a healthy
person is characterized by the absence of a reaction to assimilate an external rhythm or an insignificance of this reaction, associated with the absence of an increase in the energy of the wavelet
spectrum near the frequency of photostimulation, which reflects the predominance of internal
synchronization of the neural structures of a healthy brain. With an increase in the instability of
neurodynamic processes, leading to the involvement of a larger number of neural ensembles in
the pathological process, the destruction of internal synchronization occurs, which explains the
increase in the quantitative indicators of the rhythm assimilation reaction in persons with essential
hypertension and with vertebral-basilar insufficiency.

value: rhythmic photostimulation

value: hypertension

value: vertebrobasilar insufficiency

value: vascular dystonia

dc.type

value: Book chapter


title: Chapter 5. Mechanisms of changes in dynamic complexity of EEG patterns in case of heart rhythm disturbances

dc.contributor.author

value: Dik, Olga E.

value: Nozdrachev, Alexander D.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The fifth chapter descibes the wavelet and recurrence analysis of changes occurring in reactive
EEG patterns in disorders of the functional state of the central nervous system associated with
cardiac arrhythmias of varying severity. It has been shown that individuals with paroxysmal atrial
fibrillation are characterized by a significant assimilation of the rhythm of the frequencies of both
the alpha and theta ranges, which may be associated with the development of instability of neurodynamic processes as a result of the appearance of a pathological focus of excitation in the central nervous system. In contrast to this, the weak photic driving reaction of the frequencies of the alpha
range observed in persons with a constant form of atrial fibrillation and the pronounced reaction
of the frequencies of the theta range may indicate the predominance of inhibition processes in the
nervous system of these patients due to chronic hypoxia of the brain.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: atrial fibrillation

value: paroxysmal and constant forms

value: photic driving reaction


title: Conclusion

dc.description.abstract

value: Conclusion

dc.language.iso

value: ru


title: Приложение 1. Анализ предложений из повести Ю.В.Трифонова «Обмен»

dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Sergey A.

value: Skrebtsova, Tatiana G.

value: Suvorov, Sergey G.

value: Klementyeva, Anna V.


title: Приложение 2. Примеры статей семантико-синтаксического словаря

dc.type

value: Article


title: Приложение 3. Примеры семантического разбора законодательных текстов


title: LINGUISTIC ANALYZER: AUTOMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS INTO INFORMATION DATA STRUCTURE

dc.description.abstract

value:
The book offers a novel approach for analyzing natural language texts and representing
relevant information in a metalinguistic database structure. Methodological principles
underlying the processing techniques are the same at all stages. They draw on an empirically-based theory providing for the well-groundedness and consistency of the rules and
preventing any possible subjectivity. The ultimate goal of the processing is a conceptual
structure made up of elements referring to extralinguistic objects and situations. The
elements are assigned ontological properties and linked together by conceptual relations.
This makes it possible to extract “pure” information from the text, its reliability being
dependent solely on the author.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was done under the project “Automatic Transformation of Natural Language
Texts into Information Data Structure” as part of the event “Conducting fundamental
scientific research on the priority areas of the St. Petersburg State University
Development Program.

dc.subject

value: computational linguistics

value: natural language processing

value: morphological analysis

value: syntactic analysis

value: ambiguity resolution

value: information databases

dc.title

value: Book


dc.description.abstract

value: DIGEST OF WORLD POLITICS. ANNUAL REVIEW.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Издание осуществлено при финансовой поддержке предпринимателей Е.О. Третьякова, В.Е. Хильченко, В.В. Прохорова, Г.М. Погосяна

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Актуальные проблемы мировой политики: Ежегодный альманах;Том 9

filename: 118235-Актуальные проблемы 9-в типографию.pdf


title: Краткое введение в оптику и спектроскопию для школьников

dc.contributor.author

value: Ирина Тохадзе

dc.description

value: Краткое учебное пособие, предназначенная в помощь десятиклассникам, проходящим практику на кафедре молекулярной спектроскопии.  Может быть использовано школьниками для понимания программы 9 и 11 класса и сдачи ОГЭ и ЕГЭ. Также может быть полезно  студентам первых курсов, еще не изучавших оптику и квантовую механику.

dc.description.abstract

value: Методичка, рассказывающая школьникам, что такое колебания, волны, свет, спектры. Повествует  об истории  спектроскопии и ее современности.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: школьники, оптика, спектроскопии, колебания, практика

dc.title

filename: И Тохадзе. Введение в оптику и спектроспкопию.pdf


title: S.T. Aksakov "The Scarlet Flower"

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Филиппова Инга Игоревна

value: Filippova Inga Igorevna

dc.contributor.author

value: Самохвалова Екатерина Владимировна

value: Samohvalova Ekaterina Vladimirovna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Николаева Марина Николаевна

value: Nikolaeva Marina Nikolaevna

dc.description.abstract

value:
Добрый день, уважаемая комиссия. Меня зовут Самохвалова Екатерина, я являюсь студентом выпускного курса художников – постановщиков кино СПБГУ.
Сегодня я представляю вам мой дипломный проект, состоящий из 12 киноэскизов для экранизации сказки Т. Аксакова «Аленький цветочек».

Это русская классическая версия сказки о безоговорочной преданности и любви, которые побеждают коварство и зло. Главная героиня, добросердечная девушка, попросила отца привезти ей из дальних странствий аленький цветочек. Выполняя просьбу любимой дочери, отец срывает цветок в саду дивного зверя. Дабы избежать наказания, грозящего отцу, девушке приходится отправиться в замок к чудищу, который в последствии оказывается заколдованным принцем.

Основное действие сказки разворачивается в двух пространствах: богатой купеческой среде 17 века и в заколдованном замке чудовища.

Композиционно в моих эскизах это представлено линейным повествовательным изображением плавно перетекающем от одного эскиза в другой, от светлого русского городского пейзажа 17 века через яркий нарядный дом купца к темному насыщенному синими ночными тонами заколдованному замку, который через сцену превращения снова становится светлым и радостным.

Эскизы выполнены темперой по грунтованному картону. Такую технику я выбрала в связи с тем, что темпера по насыщенности красок и другим свойствам родна русской иконе и росписям предметов ДПИ 17 века. Также эта техника позволяет мне передать фактуры, литературно описанные в тексте сказки Аксакова – богатые орнаментами яркие по цветам интерьеры купеческого дома, мистические ночные пейзажи и заколдованный замок, полный золотых, серебряных предметов и драгоценных камней.

Актуальность выбранной мною темы заключается в том, что жанр детской сказки с 60-х годов не был широко представлен в отечественном кинопроизводстве, а современному зрителю, на мой взгляд, необходим отдых от тяжелых психологических драм и однотипных блокбастеров.

В заключение, я надеюсь, что выполненные мною работы отражают все поставленные задачи и передают мою концепцию экранизации сказки.

value:
Good day esteemed commission members and guests.
My name is Samokhvalova Ekaterina, I`m graduate student of the Saint-Petersburg state university.

I am here today to present my work, depicted on these twelve mate paintings for a screen version of the fairytale «A little red flower» written by T.Aksakov.

This is classical Russian version of a fairytale about unconditional devotion and love, which triumph over guile and mischief.
The main character, a kind hearted girl, asks her father to bring a little red flower to her from from his far travels. Pursuing his favourite daughter request, the father plucks a flower in the weird beast`s garden. To avoid punishment, which threatens to her father, the girl has to go to the castle of the beast who happens to be a charmed prince.

The main action of the fairytale takes place in two spaces: the rich merchant manor interior of the 17th century and the beast`s bewitched castle.

The Composition is represented on my canvases by linear narrative exposition which evenly flows ) from one canvas to another, from light coloured Russian urban landscape of the 17th century, through the bright, rich decorated merchant`s house to the dark, saturated by blue twilight colours, bewitched castle, which through the scene of transformation becomes again bright colored and vivid.

The mate paintings are made by tempera on primed cardboard. This technique I`ve chosen for the reason that tempera by it`s color saturation and another properties is related to a Russian icons and murals of 17th century. Also this technique allows me to replicate textures which were literary described in the text of Aksakov`s fairytale. These are rich ornamented bright coloured interiors of the merchant`s house, mystical nightly landscapes and bewitched castle full of golden, silver artefacts and precious stones.

The relevance of the chosen theme is that the genre of a children`s fairytale wasn`t widely represented in Russian film making since 60s, but, In my opinion,a modern viewer needs a change from heavy psychological dramas and shallow blockbusters.

In conclusion, I truly believe, that I have achieved with this design clearly reflects my concept of screen version of the fairytale.

Thank you for your attention. Now I`d very interested to hear your comments and thoughts regarding my presentation.

dc.subject

value: Аленький цветочек

value: The Scarlet Flower

value: S.T. Aksakov "The Scarlet Flower"

dc.title.alternative

value: С.Т.Аксаков «Аленький цветочек»

description: Article

description: ReviewSV


title: Role of cell proliferation in Danio rerio embryonic growth during somitogenesis

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Мухачёв Евгений Владимирович

value: Muhacev Evgenij Vladimirovic

dc.contributor.author

value: Максимова Кристина Павловна

value: Maksimova Kristina Pavlovna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Ефремов Владимир Иванович

value: Efremov Vladimir Ivanovic

dc.description.abstract

value: В данной работе делается попытка сопоставить вклад различных механизмов роста в удлинение тела Danio rerio в период сомитогенеза. Вначале дается детальный обзор основных механизмов, способных влиять на рост организма, а именно клеточной пролиферации, гипертрофии клеток, гибели клеток, миграции клеток, а так же накопления межклеточного вещества. Далее дается описание развития Danio rerio  с фокусом на период сомитогенеза. После этого на основе представленных в литературе экспериментальных данных производится численный анализ удлинения зародышей в период сомитогенеза, а также анализируется вклад каждого из перечисленных механизмов. В работе делается вывод, что в рассматриваемый  период эмбриогенеза Danio rerio клеточная пролиферация является важным источником увеличения клеточной массы. Однако же, блокировка пролиферации может быть надежно скомпенсирована гипертрофией клеток, тем самым повышая устойчивость эмбриогенеза к дефектам пролиферации. Миграция клеток играет не менее важную роль в удлинении тела Danio rerio, но при этом не обладает аналогичным механизмом компенсации, тем самым подчеркивая исключительную роль клеточной миграции в формообразовании Danio rerio  в период сомитогенеза.

value: In this work, an attempt is made to compare the contribution of different growth mechanisms to the elongation of the body of Danio rerio during somitogenesis. First, the work provides a detailed overview of the main mechanisms that can affect the growth of the body, namely cell proliferation, cell hypertrophy, cell death, cell migration, as well as the accumulation of intercellular substance. Then follows a description of the development of Danio rerio with a focus on the period of somitogenesis. After that, based on the experimental data presented in the literature, the numerical analysis of embryo elongation during somitogenesis is carried out, and the contribution of each of these mechanisms is analyzed. It is concluded that during the considered period of embryogenesis of Danio rerio, cell proliferation is an important source of cell mass increase. However, proliferation blocking can be reliably compensated by cell hypertrophy, thereby increasing the resistance of embryogenesis to proliferation defects. Cell migration plays an equally important role in lengthening the body of Danio rerio, but it does not have a similar compensating mechanism, thereby emphasizing the exceptional role of cell migration in the formation of Danio rerio during somitogenesis.

dc.subject

value: пролиферация

value: миграция

value: рост

value: Danio rerio

value: сомитогенез

value: proliferation

value: migration

value: growth

value: somitogenesis

dc.title

value: Участие пролиферации в росте тела зародышей Danio rerio в период сомитогенеза

description: Article

description: ReviewSV


title: Structural Theory of Responsibility. Ethical Concept of Behaviour

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Свешникова Ирина Геннадиевна

value: Svesnikova Irina Gennadievna

dc.contributor.author

value: Куцев Александр Анатольевич

value: Kucev Aleksandr Anatolevic

dc.contributor.editor

value: Овчинникова Елена Анатольевна

value: Ovcinnikova Elena Anatolevna

dc.description.abstract

value: Структурная теория ответственности уходит от обычных представлений о морали, создаёт свою терминологию, выявляет структуру любой ответственности, и начинает исследовать свой предмет с злоупотреблений, описывая их структуру и её действие в нашем сознании и деятельности. Создаётся концепция поведения, основанная на исследовании этических структур. Она описывает ответственность и поведение в их широких проявлениях с точки зрения их единства и взаимосвязи. Для этого создана философская категория "единство поведения", выходящая за рамки одной этики. Описана параллельность этой концепции христианской этике и учению, что даёт возможность создания ещё одного доказательства бытия Бога. Единство поведения подобно субстанции, но это не есть она. Эта теория связывает воедино все основные концепции этики.

value: The structural theory of responsibility escapes from ordinary notions of morality, creates its own terminology, identifies the structure of any responsibility, and begins to explore its subject from abuse, describing their structure and its action in our mind and activity. A concept of behavior based on the study of ethical structures is being created. It describes responsibility and behavior in their broad manifestations in terms of their unity and interconnection. For this pur-pose, the philosophical category "unity of behavior" has been created, which goes beyond the framework of only ethics. It describes the parallelism of this concept of Christian ethics and teaching, which makes it possible to create another proof of the existence of God. Unity of behavior is like a substance, but it is not it. This theory binds together all the basic concepts of ethics.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: ответственность

value: структура

value: злоупотребление

value: поведение

value: единство

value: согласование

value: гендер

value: мораль

value: responsibility

value: structure

value: abuse

value: behavior

value: unity

value: coordination

value: gender

value: moral

dc.title.alternative

value: Структурная теория ответственности. Этическая концепция поведения

description: Article

description: Article


title: The influence of biochar on the content of labile carbon and plant-available nitrogen in sod-podzolic soil

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Рижия Елена Яновна

value: Rizia Elena Anovna

dc.contributor.author

value: Милосердова Виктория Александровна

value: Miloserdova Viktoria Aleksandrovna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Банкина Татьяна Александровна

value: Bankina Tatana Aleksandrovna

dc.description.abstract

value:
Исследовано влияние биоугля на содержание лабильного углерода и доступного растениям почвенного азота на дерново-подзолистой почве в лабораторном эксперименте.
Установлено, что внесение одного биоугля снижало количество соединений лабильного углерода в почве на 10,9% и легко разлагаемых форм органического азота на 10,7%. При совместном применении биоугля с растительными остатками клевера и тимофеевки содержание лабильного углерода достоверно увеличилось. Наибольший запас доступного для растений азота установлен в варианте с клевером. Показано, что биоуголь снижал поступление азота в растения. Применение одного биоугля незначительно стимулировало формирование сухой биомассы побегов кукурузы, но достоверно не влияло на поступление в них азота.
Установлено, что биоуголь в сочетании с растительными остатками снижает эффективность действия последних на интенсивность минерализационных процессов в почве, азотное питание и формирование биомассы побегов кукурузы.

value:
The influence of biochar on the content of labile carbon and plant-available nitrogen on sod-podzolic soil was studied in a laboratory experiment.
It was established that the introduction of one biochar reduced the amount of compounds of labile carbon in the soil by 10.9% and easily decomposable forms of organic nitrogen by 10.7%. When combined with the use of biochar with plant residues of clover and timothy, the content of labile carbon significantly increased. The largest supply of nitrogen available to plants is set in the version with clover. Biochar has been shown to reduce nitrogen intake in plants. The use of biochar only slightly stimulated the formation of dry biomass of corn shoots, but did not significantly affect the nitrogen supply to them.
It has been established that biochar in combination with plant residues reduces the effectiveness of the latter on the intensity of mineralization processes in the soil, nitrogen nutrition and the formation of corn shoot biomass.

dc.subject

value: биоуголь

value: лабильные формы углерода

value: доступный растениям азот

value: biochar

value: labile forms of carbon

value: plant-available nitrogen

dc.title

value: Влияние биоугля на содержание лабильного углерода и доступного растениям азота в дерново-подзолистой почве

description: Article

description: ReviewSV


title: Development prospects of Georgia tourism industry for Russians

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Щукин Андрей Игоревич

value: Sukin Andrej Igorevic

dc.contributor.author

value: Ваганова Наталья Александровна

value: Vaganova Natala Aleksandrovna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Мулява Олег Дмитриевич

value: Mulava Oleg Dmitrievic

dc.description.abstract

value: В данной квалификационной работе рассматриваются перспективы развития туризма в Грузии для россиян. В ходе работы был проведен  анализ  туристско-рекреационного потенциала Грузии, выявлены предпочтения русских туристов в Грузии и на основе анализа спроса и предпочтений представлен разработанный тур в Грузию.

value: This qualifying paper discusses the prospects for the development of tourism in Georgia for Russians. Work abstract includes the analysis of the tourist and recreational potential of Georgia according to preferences of Russian tourists in Georgia and according to the analysis of the demand of tours to Georgia.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: туристско-рекреационный потенциал

value: природные ресурсы

value: историко-культурные ресурсы

value: туристические центры Грузии

value: транспортная инфраструктура

value: гостиничное хозяйство

value: виды туризма Грузии

value: конкурентоспособность

value: анализ предложений туров на рынке

value: предпочтения туристов

value: разработка тура в Грузию

value: идея тура

value: программа тура

value: tourist and recreational potential

value: natural resources

value: historical and cultural resources

value: tourist centers of Georgia

value: transport infrastructure

value: hotel industry

value: types of tourism in Georgia

value: competitiveness

value: analysis of offers of tours in the market

value: preferences of tourists

value: development of a tour to Georgia

value: concept of a tour

value: a tour program

dc.title.alternative

value: Перспективы развития туризма Грузии для россиян

description: Article

description: ReviewSV


title: Issues of balance between supranational law and national constitutions in the jurisprudence of constitutional courts of the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Union

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Дьяченко Екатерина Борисовна

value: Dacenko Ekaterina Borisovna

dc.contributor.author

value: Шамова Ксения Дмитриевна

value: Samova Ksenia Dmitrievna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Белов Сергей Александрович

value: Belov Sergej Aleksandrovic

dc.description.abstract

value:
Цель исследования - исследовании вопроса о возможности осуществления конституционного контроля за актами наднациональных образований, затрагивающих права человека, в правовых системах государств-членов, в частности, в правой системе России.
Задачи исследования:
1.	Изучить черты наднационального образования как особой формы международной организации и действие актов таких образований в государствах-членах.
2.	Оценить опыт органов конституционного контроля европейских государств по вопросу возможности конституционного контроля за актами наднациональных образований, затрагивающих права человека, в правовых системах государств-членов.
3.	Изучить подходы, используемые данными судами для разрешения противоречия между актами наднационального права и положениями национальных конституций, и оценить возможность их применения в правовой системе России
Выводы, сделанные по результатам исследования:
1.	Наднациональное образование представляет собой особую форму международной организации, обладающей некоторыми признаками государственного образования.
2.	Изучение опыта конституционных судов европейских государств, в частности, Конституционного Суда ФРГ, позволяет сделать вывод, что пока в Европейском союзе обеспечивается уровень защиты прав человека, сопоставимый с уровнем в национальных конституциях, что включает в себя наличие каталога прав человека и непринятие норм, нарушающих данные права, конституционные суды государств-членов не вправе признавать нормы права Европейского союза не подлежащими применению.
3.	Поскольку в Евразийском экономическом союзе отсутствует перечень прав и свобод человека и гражданина, Конституционный Суд РФ, по мнению автора исследования, сохраняет полномочие проверки норм наднационального права на соответствие нормам Конституции РФ в случае нарушения такими нормами прав человека.

value:
The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of exercising constitutional control over acts of supranational entities affecting human rights in the legal systems of member states, in particular, in the legal system of Russia.
Objectives of the study:
1. To study the features of supranational organization as a special form of international organization and the effect of acts of such entities in member states.
2. Assess the experience of the bodies of constitutional control of European states on the issue of the possibility of constitutional control over acts of supranational entities affecting human rights in the legal systems of member states.
3. To study the approaches used by these courts to resolve contradictions between acts of supranational law and the provisions of national constitutions, and assess the possibility of their application in the Russian legal system
The conclusions made by the results of the study:
1. A supranational organization is a special form of an international organization possessing certain features of a public entity.
2. A study of the experience of the constitutional courts of European states, in particular, the Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany, allows us to conclude that so far the European Union provides a level of protection of human rights comparable to the level in national constitutions, which includes the presence of a catalog of human rights and non-acceptance of norms, violating these rights, the constitutional courts of the Member States may not recognize the rules of the European Union law not to be applied.
3. Since, in the Eurasian Economic Union, there is no list of rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in the opinion of the author of the study, retains the authority to check the norms of a supranational right to comply with the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in case of violation of human rights by such norms.

dc.subject

value: наднациональное образование

value: конституция

value: конституционный суд

value: Европесйкий союз

value: Евразийский экономический союз

value: права человека

value: supranational organization

value: constitution

value: constitutional court

value: European Union

value: Eurasian Economic Union

value: human rights

dc.title

value: Вопросы соотношения наднационального права и национальных конституций в практике конституционных  судов стран  Евразийского экономического союза и Европейского союза

description: Article


title: Features of the resolution of patent disputes of originator companies in pharmacy

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Препьялов Александр Васильевич

value: Prepalov Aleksandr Vasilevic

dc.contributor.author

value: Овсянкин Александр Юрьевич

value: Ovsankin Aleksandr Urevic

dc.contributor.editor

value: Акулин Игорь Михайлович

value: Akulin Igor Mihajlovic

dc.description.abstract

value:
Овсянкин Александр Юрьевич, студент очной формы обучения 2 курса магистратуры Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета по основной образовательной программе «Медицинское право», профиль «Фармацевтическое право».

В квалификационной работе исследуются вопросы патентоспособности лекарственных средств, условия их патентоспособности в свете положений Части Четвертой Гражданского Кодекса РФ, Европейской патентной конвенции, Федерального закона от 12.04.2010 №61-ФЗ «Об обращении лекарственных средств», а также вопросы защиты патентных прав участников фармацевтического рынка. Это исследование обличает пробелы в действующем законодательстве в сфере фармацевтической деятельности, осуществления и защиты патентных прав, содержит анализ судебной практики по патентным спорам, а также предлагает некоторые варианты заполнения существующих пробелов.

value:
Ovsyankin Alexander Yurevich, second year magistracy student in St. Petersburg State University, studying pharmaceutical law.
This dissertation study examines the issues of patentability of medical drugs, the conditions of their patentability in relation to the provisions of the Part Four of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the European Patent Convention, and Federal Law No. 61 dated April 12, 2010 “On the Circulation of Drugs”. Protection of patent rights of pharmaceutical participants of the industry has been researched as well. This study reveals gaps in the current legal system in the field of pharmaceutical activity, the effectuation and protection of patent rights. Also it contains an analysis of judical practice on patent disputes and several propositions regarding existing issues.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: фармацевтика

value: патент

value: патентоспособность

value: лекарственное средство

value: лекарственный препарат

value: воспроизведенные лекарственные препараты

value: дженерики

value: компании-оригинаторы

value: арбитражные суды

value: pharmaceuticals

value: patent

value: patentability

value: medicines

value: generic drugs

value: generics

value: originator companies

value: arbitration courts

dc.title.alternative

value: Особенности разрешения патентных споров компаний-оригинаторов в сфере фармации

description: Article


title: Problems of classification of insurance frauds

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Сапожков Александр Анатольевич

value: Sapozkov Aleksandr Anatolevic

dc.contributor.author

value: Екишкина Нелли Владимировна

value: Ekiskina Nelli Vladimirovna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Пряхина Надежда Ивановна

value: Prahina Nadezda Ivanovna

dc.description.abstract

value:
Данная выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена теме «Проблемы квалификации мошенничества в сфере страхования». Данная тема является актуальной, так как случаи мошенничества в данной сфере увеличиваются, но правоприменитель допускает много ошибок при квалификации действий виновных, совершающих данное преступление.
Целью данной выпускной квалификационной работы является выявление правовой неопределенности в правоприменительной практике, связанной с квалификацией мошенничества в сфере страхования и обозначение данных проблем, а также причин их появления.
Задача выпускной квалификационной работы провести анализ состава преступления по мошенничеству в сфере страхования, выявить проблемные вопросы, возникающие в практике правоприменения и в теории уголовного права при квалификации по данному виду состава и предложить пути их разрешения.
В данной работе по итогам анализа судебной практики и доктрины выявлены следующие проблемы данного состава преступления: не однообразен подход к разграничению смежных составов преступления, не регламентирован в достаточном объеме субъект преступления. На основании выявленных проблем в квалификации действий виновных в совершении мошенничества в сфере страхования предложены пути разрешения данных проблем, которые могут обеспечить единообразное применение судами данной уголовно-правовой нормы.

value:
This Final qualifying work is devoted to the topic "Problems of qualification of fraud in the insurance industry». This topic is relevant, since the fraud in this field are increasing, but the law enforcers make many mistakes in qualifying action offenders who commit this crime.
The purpose of this final qualifying work is to identify the legal uncertainty in law enforcement-related qualification of fraud in the insurance industry and the designation of these problems and their causes.
The task of final qualifying work to analyze the elements of crime of fraud in insurance, identify the problematic issues that arise in the practice of law enforcement and in the theory of criminal law at qualification for this type of composition and suggest ways to resolve them.
In this work on the analysis of judicial practice and doctrine revealed the following problems of the corpus delicti: not monotonous approach to the delimitation of adjacent elements of a crime, it is not regulated in sufficient perpetrator.On the basis of the problems identified in the qualification of actions of the perpetrators of fraud in the insurance industry suggest ways to solve the problems of data that can provide a uniform application by the courts of the criminal law.

dc.subject

value: Мошенничество

value: страхование

value: преступление

value: проблемы

value: квалификация

value: страховщик

value: выгодоприобретатель

value: Fraud

value: insurance

value: the crime

value: problems

value: qualification

value: insurer

value: beneficiary

dc.title

description: Article

description: ReviewSV


title: Legal nature and content of surrogate agreement in the Russian Federation

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Никитин Евгений Николаевич

value: Nikitin Evgenij Nikolaevic

dc.contributor.author

value: Глаголева Александра Сергеевна

value: Glagoleva Aleksandra Sergeevna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Акулин Игорь Михайлович

value: Akulin Igor Mihajlovic

dc.description.abstract

value:
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ

АННОТАЦИЯ
магистерской диссертации
студентки магистратуры по программе «Медицинское право»

Глаголевой Александры Сергеевны

Тема диссертации
«Правовая природа и содержание договора о суррогатном материнстве в Российской Федерации»

Цели исследования:
Целью исследования является комплексный анализ правового режима суррогатного материнства, выявление проблем, возникающих при использовании договорного института суррогатного материнства, как теоретического, так и практического характера, анализ доктрины, российского и зарубежного законодательства, российской судебной практики по вопросу применения суррогатного материнства.

Задачи исследования:
1) Анализ истории развития института суррогатного материнства в зарубежных странах и в Российской Федерации;
2) Рассмотрение правового статуса эмбриона;
3) Исследование понятийного аппарата, правовой природы договора о суррогатном материнстве и источников его правового регулирования;
4) Установление базовых характеристик договора о суррогатном материнстве: формы договора, субъектного состава, порядка его заключения, содержания и существенных условий;
5) Рассмотрение правового режима исполнения договора о суррогатном материнстве, включая условия записи супругов (одинокой женщины) родителями ребенка, изменение и расторжение договора о суррогатном материнстве, отказ от исполнения договора о суррогатном материнстве;
6) Рассмотрение наследственных правоотношений, возникающих при использовании института суррогатного материнства.

Выводы, сделанные по результатам исследования:

1) В зарубежных правопорядках установлено несколько подходов к институту суррогатного материнства, начиная от полного запрета суррогатного материнства до законодательного его установления и регулирования.
2) В связи с отсутствием законодательного установления правового статуса эмбриона в правовой доктрине имеются 2 подхода: эмбрион – субъект права со своей спецификой и эмбрион – объект права (объект, по которому могут возникнуть гражданско-правовые отношения имущественного характера или часть организма женщины.
3) В результате исследования было дано следующее определение договора о суррогатном материнстве -  это договор, заключенный между суррогатной матерью (женщиной, вынашивающей плод после переноса донорского эмбриона) и заказчиком (заказчиками) (чьи половые клетки будут использованы для оплодотворения), по которому за определенную в договоре плату суррогатная мать обязуется оказать услуги по вынашиванию и рождению ей ребенка и дальнейшей передаче его заказчикам.
4) Относительно формы договора о суррогатном материнстве стоит отметить, что в связи с тем, что федеральным законодательством не предусмотрена обязательная простая письменная форма договора, то рассматриваемый договор может быть заключен в простой письменной форме или в устной форме. В правовой доктрине также указывались позиции о том, что рассматриваемый договор должен быть в обязательном порядке нотариально удостоверен.
5) На сегодняшний день достаточно четко и ясно урегулирована сама процедура проведения суррогатного материнства, но при этом наличествуют пробелы в субъектной составляющей суррогатного материнства.
6) Договор о суррогатном материнстве должен содержать следующие существенные условия: предмет - имплантация эмбриона, зачатого при помощи метода экстракорпорального оплодотворения, вынашивание и рождение ребенка и дальнейшая передача потенциальным родителям (при этом, у суррогатной матери есть право оставить ребенка себе), условие о согласии потенциальных родителей на имплантацию эмбриона другой женщине в целях его вынашивания при рождении ребенка, срок договора о суррогатном материнстве (период с момента сдачи генетического материала потенциальными родителями до момента окончательной реабилитации суррогатной матери после родов), цена договора.
7) В магистерской диссертации предлагается законодательно пересмотреть субъекта, которому отдается преимущественное право на распоряжение судьбой ребенка в институте суррогатного материнства.
8) Законодатель не установил ответственность за нарушение договора о суррогатном материнстве, соответственно, к данному виду договора применяются общие положения об ответственности за неисполнение либо ненадлежащее исполнение обязательств по договору. Право на односторонний отказ сторон от исполнения договора о суррогатном материнстве на сегодняшний день регулируется ст. 782 ГК РФ (односторонний отказ от исполнения договора возмездного оказания услуг).
9) Наследственные правоотношения с применением института суррогатного материнства нуждаются в детальной законодательной регламентации. Из проведенного анализа установлено, что суррогатный ребенок является самым незащищенным субъектом рассматриваемых правоотношений, и, как следствие, возникает достаточно большое количество проблем в данной области правоприменения.

value:
SAINT PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF LAW

ABSTRACT
master's thesis
master's students on the program "Medical law»

Alexandra Glagoleva.

Dissertation topic
"Legal nature and content of the surrogacy agreement in the Russian Federation»

Purpose of research:
The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the legal regime of surrogacy, identification of problems arising from the use of the contractual Institute of surrogacy, both theoretical and practical, analysis of the doctrine, Russian and foreign legislation, Russian jurisprudence on the use of surrogacy.

Research problem:
1) Analysis of the history of development of the Institute of surrogacy in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation;
2) Consideration of the legal status of the embryo;
3) the Study of the conceptual apparatus, the legal nature of the surrogacy agreement and the sources of its legal regulation;
4) the Establishment of the basic characteristics of the surrogacy agreement: the form of the contract, subject composition, the order of its conclusion, content and material conditions;
5) the legal regime of the execution of the contract on surrogate motherhood, including the conditions of entry of spouses (single woman) the parents of the child, amendment and termination of the contract on surrogate motherhood, the rejection of the execution of the contract on surrogate motherhood;
6) Consideration of hereditary legal relations arising from the use of the Institute of surrogacy.

Conclusions of the study:

1) In foreign law and order established several approaches to the institution of surrogacy, ranging from a complete ban on surrogacy to its legislative establishment and regulation.
2) Due to the lack of legislative establishment of the legal status of the embryo in the legal doctrine, there are two approaches: the embryo – the subject of law with its own specifics and the embryo – the object of law (the object on which civil law relations of a property nature or a part of a woman's body may arise.
3) As a result of the study, the following definition of the contract on surrogacy was given - a contract concluded between the surrogate mother (a woman who bears a fetus after the transfer of the donor embryo) and the customer (customers) (whose sex cells will be used for fertilization), according to which for a fee specified in the contract, the surrogate mother undertakes to provide services for carrying and giving birth to her child and further transfer it to customers.
4) Regarding the form of the contract on surrogacy, it should be noted that due to the fact that the Federal legislation does not provide for a mandatory simple written form of the contract, the contract in question can be concluded in simple written form or orally. The legal doctrine also indicated the position that the contract in question must be notarized.
5) To date, the procedure of surrogacy is quite clearly regulated, but there are gaps in the subjective component of surrogacy.
6) the Contract on surrogacy shall contain the following essential conditions: - implantation of the embryo conceived using the method of in vitro fertilization, bearing and birth of a child and further transfer to potential parents (at the same time, the surrogate mother has the right to keep the child), the condition of the consent of potential parents to the embryo implantation to another woman for the purpose of its bearing at birth, the term of the contract on surrogacy (the period from the date of delivery of genetic material by potential parents until the final rehabilitation of the surrogate mother after childbirth), the price of the contract.
7) In the master's thesis it is proposed to revise the legislation of the subject, which is given the preferential right to control the fate of the child in the Institute of surrogacy.
8) the Legislator has not established liability for violation of the contract on surrogacy, respectively, to this type of contract applies the General provisions on liability for non-performance or improper performance of obligations under the contract. The right to unilateral refusal of the parties from execution of the contract on surrogacy today is regulated by Art. 782 of the civil code (unilateral refusal from execution of the contract of paid rendering of services).
9) Hereditary legal relations with the use of the Institute of surrogacy need detailed legislative regulation. From the analysis it is established that the surrogate child is the most vulnerable subject of the legal relations under consideration, and, as a result, there is a fairly large number of problems in this area of law enforcement.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: договор о суррогатном материнстве

value: суррогатное материнство

value: суррогатная мать

value: генетические родители

value: эмбрион

value: ребенок

value: surrogacy agreement

value: surrogacy

value: surrogate mother

value: genetic parents

value: embryo

value: child

dc.title.alternative

description: Article