dc.contributor.author

value: Popkov, Yuri V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popkov Yu. V. State National Policy of Russia: Problems and Conceptual Lacunas. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2019, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 345–366.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the conceptual gaps of the state national policy, as they are seen in
the light of the real problems in this area. It discusses the methodological basis and the
object of national policy, its primary regional models, the content and typology of ethnocultural
diversity, the need to implement various types of monitoring, the continuity of solving
the problems of adaptation of migrants and the local, especially Russian, population to
the changing ethno-social situation. In particular, the following conclusions are substantiated:
about the limitation of constructivist position in the understanding of the nation and
the groundlessness of the desire at the official level to replace the ethno-cultural content
of this concept with an exclusively political meaning; it is proposed to identify the object of
the national policy as not only inter-ethnic relations and conflicts, but also the ethno-social
processes, localized within specific interethnic communities, which the author considers as
an elementary empirical object in the study and regulation of these processes; with taking
into account significant regional differences in the ethno-social situation and trends in the
development of ethno-social processes, the question of identifying primary regional models
of national policies and defining their significant regionally-specific reference points, along
with general strategy, is raised; in the framework of identity policy, the implementation of a
clear state position in relation not only to state-civil, but also to ethnic identity (which has a great social significance as an important condition for the preservation and support of ethnocultural
diversity) is appropriate.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 15; Issue 3

value: state national policy

value: ethnosocial processes

value: ethnocultural diversity

value: models of national policy

value: identity policy

value: interethnic community

value: regions

value: Russia


dc.contributor.author

value: Korkonosenko, Sergey G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korkonosenko, S. G. (2019). The factors of terminology modernizing in journalism theory. Media Linguistics, 6(3), 290–302.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the forming and modernizing the journalism theory terminological
apparatus in the changing socio-cultural environment and technical and technological support
of its functioning. Some scholars insist on the need for a radical revision of the theoretical
concepts in journalism, which would greatly affect the lexical representation of scientific
knowledge. The author considers the experience of compiling terminological dictionaries
of journalism in Russia and abroad and notes the high activity in this area, mainly at the
applied level. However, the task to publish the fundamental encyclopedic dictionary is still to
be completed. It will only be possible if there is an adequate theoretical concept of modern
journalism to rely on. The study analyzes recent publications, which assess the impact on the
journalism theory and its terminology of two main factors, namely the trends in world science
and the digital explosion in the media industry. Supporters of radical changes insist that due
to these factors the theory of journalism should give way to the theory of media. Accordingly,
the media would become an essential element in the terminology system. At the same time,
authoritative foreign scientists write that the imaginary crisis of journalism is typical of some
Western countries and that the idea to revise the theory is promoted by representatives of the
Anglo-American school of communication studies. In other regions of the world, on the one
hand, journalism is successfully developing, although changing in forms of functioning, on
the other hand, the lexical diversity brought by different national cultures, enriches science
more than terminological unification. The author also sees no reason to kill journalism theory
with its stable terminology, which reflects the existing institutional and professional reality.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 6; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: journalism theory

value: media theory

value: terminology

value: modernization

value: digitalization

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Vlasova, Elena G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vlasova, E. G. (2019). Self-narrative and urban identity construction in the urban-oriented media. Media Linguistics, 6(3), 303–314.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the identification of the urban community in the so-called urbanoriented
media (V. V. Abashev, I. M. Pechischev). The relevance of the study is justified
by active urbanization processes indirectly influenced by the situation of late Russian
urbanization (V. L. Glazychev) and the formation of “hipster urbanism” (V. S. Vakhshtain). As
a representative method of forming a new urban identity, self-narratives which are typical of
this kind of media and which have replaced the traditional interview are analysed. Based on
the notion of speech being intentional (L. R. Duskayeva) and the concept of narrative as a basic
metaphor (T. R. Sarbin), the stable types of self-narratives that have developed in the three main
subject-thematic groups of autobiographical narrations (life story, specific experience, attitude
to the place) are studied in the article. The metaphors of a startup, a response to a challenge and
design are considered as the basic metaphors that demonstrate the values of the new urban identity, namely creativity, self-sufficiency, individuality, including the assertion of the right
of being unusual, as well as the comfort of the urban environment and socio-psychological
comfort based on conscious tolerance. At the same time, being a means to understanding
particular life experiences, biographical narratives do not only introduce possible scenarios
of life in a megalopolis, but also create an environment for joint identification communicative
situation. By giving the vote to ordinary citizens, urban-oriented media achieve solidarity with
their readers, which is very important for social identification processes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке проекта РФФИ № 18-412-590008 р_а
«Новые городские медиа в локальном коммуникативном пространстве».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: self-narrative

value: urban identity

value: urban-oriented media


dc.contributor.author

value: Medvedeva, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Medvedeva, E. V. (2019). Instagram: the space of the promoting communication. Media Linguistics, 6(3), 369–380.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The relevance of the social media study nowadays is connected with the fact that, having
transformed into the media scene, the social media appeared to be aimed at the establishment
and transmission of modern cultural values and the promotion of prestigious behavioral
patterns. This article focuses on the analysis of the Instagram discourse as one of the most
popular and fast developing social media. The paper is aimed at revealing the true intentions
of Instabloggers. Taking the creolized nature of the media text into account the author of the
article appeals to the method of linguostylistic analysis with linguosemiotic elements, which
enables to examine the posts in terms of the semiotic languages used there. The messages
studied were ones by users who have no connection with the media industry and do not place
posts that serve commercial purposes. The conducted research has brought to light a close link
between advertising, PR, and Instagram-communication. It shows that as media texts the posts
carry the intention of promotion, the purpose of encouraging the audience to take certain
action being their implicit yet dominant aim. Due to Instaposts having creolized nature, the
aim is achieved with the help of visual components. This effect appears to be stipulated by
Instagram being social media: photos perceived as trustworthy, the blogs become a kind of
documentary chronicles, which make it possible both to promulgate a type of lifestyle and
to attract new subscribers, the supporters of the lifestyle. Communicative tasks, which the
authors of the blogs perform, demonstrate that their focus is on creating a self-image and on
self-promotion. This allows to consider Instagram-communication as image communication
and to classify it as the promoting communication.

dc.subject

value: social media

value: Instagram

value: promotion

value: image

value: social networking


dc.contributor.author

value: Kudrina, Lada V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kudrina, L. V. (2019). Substandard language in the headlines of the Internet media. Media Linguistics, 6(3), 315–326.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article the author explores the language of online media. The stylistic characterisics
of colloquial words and expressions, their word-formation patterns and etymology are studied through the case of headlines of the leading Russian online publications. The choice
is justified by the high communicative status of online publications, which facilitates the
main functions of news texts, i.e. to inform and to influence the reader. The study clarifies
the term “substandard” in connection with its modern interpretation. The concept of urban
substandard speech and its varieties are defined. By way of stylistic, contextual and quantitative
analysis, the author attempts to determine the varieties and functional features of substandard
vocabulary in Internet publications. The study also describes the word-formation models and
etymological characteristics of the selected items, which helps to determine their position
in the system of the modern Russian language. Varieties of substandard speech are revealed:
from colloquial expressive items to slang. The path of substandard vocabulary to the codified
standard language is traced. The article also shows the relationship between jargon, slang,
and urban substandard speech. The research focuses on the substandard vocabulary in the
Internet media, which have a significant impact on Modern Standard Russian. The interest
in substandard elements in the media is due to the fact that it is through the public discourse
that these elements penetrate the standard variety of the language. Internet media, being the
leader in the media sphere, play a significant role in this process. This article will be of interest
for philologists and journalists, as well as the broad public.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 6; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: substandard speech

value: Internet media

value: jargon

value: vocabulary

value: colloquial

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Girfanova, Marina E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Girfanova, Marina. “Reception of the Notre Dame School’s Conductus in the early French Ars Nova: For the 700th Anniversary of the Manuscript F‑Pn fr. 146”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 3 (2019): 453–481.

dc.description.abstract

value:
An extended edition of the poem “Roman de Fauvel” by Gervais du Bus, made by Chaillou de
Pesstain and completed in 1317–1318, includes 169 musical numbers, of which 30 are based
on the Notre Dame school’s conductus. This is the most extensive reception of the conductus
in the notated sources of the beginning of the 14th century. The article reveals the reasons for
the appeal of “Roman de Fauvel”, a satirical allegory of contemporary political and church
life in France, to the conductus. Most of the pieces are monophonic and attributed to the
“prosa” genre by the compilers of the manuscript. On the example of two proses, the author
of the article traces the transformations that took place in relation to the primary conductus,
preserved in earlier manuscripts. Monophonic pieces, in which the conductus is used, fit into
the general development trends of the conductus genre at the end of the 13th–beginning of the
14th century. Five compositions are polyphonic; they are designated as “motez” by the authors
of the manuscript. Almost all of them reveal the influence of the conductus genre: at the level
of a single party, and in a number of the motets — at the level of the composition. The sign of
belonging to the “Roman de Fauvel” becomes the “fauvelization” of many conductus, which
consists in adding (or re-writing) poetic lines linking the content of Notre Dame school’s conductus
texts to the central figure of the novel, Fouvel, and thereby updating them.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: manuscript F‑Pn fr. 146

value: Roman de Fauvel

value: Gervais du Bus

value: Chaillou de Pesstain

value: conductus

value: motet

value: prosa

value: rhythmic modes

value: ars nova

value: the cantus firmus elaboration


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrov, Vadim V.

value: Marusenko, Mikhail A.

value: Piotrowskaya, Ksenia R.

value: Mañas, Iban N.

value: Mamayev, Nikita K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrov, Vadim V., Marusenko, Mikhail A., Piotrowskaya, Ksenia R., Mañas, Iban N., Mamayev, Nikita K. 2019. “On the authorship of ‘Beria’s Letters from imprisonnement’”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 586–605.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyzes historical sources devoted to the “Beria case”, in which it is suggested that
the true version of the arrest and execution of L. P. Beria is far from the official one. They also
give opinions that the so-called “Beria’s letters from imprisonment” are fakes created to conceal
the truth about extrajudicial reprisal against this prominent figure of the CPSU and the
Soviet government. The study of the materials of the investigative case and historical and literary
sources made it possible to formulate a hypothesis that these documents were written after
the death of L. P. Beria alone by his regular speechwriter V. N. Merkulov or a group of authors,
which included Merkulov, also a victim of repression. To carry out an authorship examination
of Beria’s letters to the CPSU Central Committee, a text attribution method was applied
based on the measure Burrows’s Delta with Eder’s Delta and Cosine-Delta modifications, and
Ward’s clustering algorithms allowed visualization of solutions in the form of dendrograms.
As a result, it is shown that the intellectual authorship of the documents under investigation,
which date back to the period between June 28 and July 2, 1953, belongs to speechwriters who
previously took part in writing the texts of Beria’s public speeches, including V. N. Merkulov,
who is very likely the main author of these texts. Merkulov, both by his own admission and
by the confession of L. P. Beria himself, beginning in the 1930s, was the author of the texts of
his public speeches and official documents, since Beria himself had a poor command of the
written form of the Russian language.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 3

value: Beria case

value: Beria’s letters

value: authorship examination

value: L. P. Beria

value: V. N. Merculov

value: Burrows’s Delta

value: Eder’s Delta

value: Cosine-Delta

value: dendrogram


dc.contributor.author

value: Sushko, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sushko A. V. ‘“Officer of the Church” in the Conditions of the Anti-Religious Policy of the Soviet State: the Feat of Confession of an Omsk Priest V. F. Infantiev’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 642–659.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Archival materials on the criminal case against Omsk priest V. F. Infantev provides potentially important
insights into political repression in the USSR. Because the reliability of various documents in this case might not
be of equal validity, it is necessary initially to assess the accuracy of these documents. Information on this priest’s
pre-revolutionary life, as well as his religious activities and fight against Renovationism, is beyond doubt and
allows for a sufficiently detailed reconstruction of the main milestones of his biography. In contrast, testimonies of
witnesses for the prosecution, especially OGPU informers following the instructions of the detectives, are doubtful,
as they are suspiciously connected with topics relevant to the authorities and in a short time were refined to
the kind required by higher KGB leadership. Infantiev’s execution was not a due to “anti-Revolution propaganda,”
as according to the prosecution, but because of his persistent activity defending dogmatic Orthdox faith against
Renovationists, supported by OGPU, who tried to use Renovationists to discredit and corrupt the Russian Orthodox
church. The article raises the importance of prosographic research of ordinary priests in 1920s and 1930s, as
those people backed the independence of Russian Orthodox church during Stalinism.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

value: Russian Orthodox Сhurch

value: renovation

value: Soviet Power

value: special services

value: Omsk

value: priest

value: V. F. Infantiev

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Omeliyanchuk, I. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Omeliyanchuk I. V. ‘Monarchist Organizations of the Vladimir Province during the First World War’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 625–641.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the territory of the Vladimir province in 1905–1914 there were thirty local organizations of the “Union
of the Russian People.” However, after the end of the First Russian Revolution, activists of monarchist organizations,
having considered their mission accomplished, began to leave the party. The beginning of the First World
War and the patriotic movement that accompanied it literally awakened monarchist organizations from the “lethargic
sleep” of the previous two to three 3 years. This tendency was fully manifested in the Vladimir province.
The main activity of monarchist organizations, in accordance with the principle of “sacred unity,” was to assist
the front, help sick, wounded, and injured soldiers, and care for families of mobilized citizens. However, the lack
of money did not allow them to compete with the liberal parties operating in the formats of Zemgor and Military-
Industrial Committees, and who also received generous state funding. Failures at the front and the socio-economic
difficulties of wartime, associated in the public consciousness with the autocracy, did not contribute to
the popularity of monarchist ideology. The situation was aggravated by the destructive work of the opposition,
which launched a massive propaganda campaign against the Right. The number of monarchists began to decline
sharply, and many local departments were closed—of thirty right-wing organizations operating in 1905–1914 in
the Vladimir province, only nine remained by March 1916. By the autumn of 1916, all political activity of the provincial
Right had ceased.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Vladimir Province

value: monarchists

value: First World War

value: Union of Russian People

value: right


dc.contributor.author

value: Kotlomanov, Alexander O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotlomanov, Alexander. “‘Archetypal Forms’ in Modern Sculpture. The Image of Reclining Figure: From Maillol to Moore, and so On”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 3 (2019): 558–576.

dc.description.abstract

value:
On the basis of selected examples from the history of the sculpture of the first half and middle
of the 20th century, a range of issues related to the concepts of “symbolic form”, “ideal” and
“archetype” is analyzed. In the center of consideration is the image of the reclining figure in the
works of Aristide Maillol and Henry Moore. Accepting the general statement that such sculptures
embody the harmony of statics and dynamics, the author is keener to explore the historical
patterns of the selection of a symbolic form in the category of a monument. The significance of
the reclining figure is proved by separate historical examples related, in particular, to the work of
Michelangelo, with classicism and its derivatives, the concept of the ideal form and the theory of
architectonics. The theme of the ambiguity of the classical ideal, its fate in the 20th century, and
its dependence on political / ideological ideas is also emphasized. In the sculptural concept of
Maillol, the qualities of picturesque, corporeality, and monumentality stand out. In the description
of Moore’s creativity, the reclining figure — “archetypal form” (term of Herbert Read) — is
considered from the standpoint of identifying qualities in it that allowed the sculptor to realize
it in a wide range of interpretations of form and content. Moore’s creativity issues include the
relationship between sculpture and space, the interpretation of the statue’s silhouette, the revealing
of the “landscape” and “pictorial” qualities in it, as well as the extensive theme of addressing
classical heritage. The monumental characteristics of Moore’s reclining figures are analyzed; examples
of their interpretation (including the artist himself) and critics are considered. The idea
of a symbolic figure in the balance of a figurative and abstract form is adopted as an alternative
to the monumental traditional, with emphasis on individual qualities.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Aristide Maillol

value: Henry Moore

value: form

value: archetype

value: figure

value: sculpture

value: art

value: monument


dc.contributor.author

value: Latyshev, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Latyshev A. V. ‘Attitude of NKVD Employees and Industrial Workers towards Prisoners of Filtration Camps (1941–1945)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 595–608.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines relations between workers of the NKVD inspection and filtration camps and
civilian workers, with Red Army servicemen who had returned from captivity and encirclement. Taking into account
the achievements and problems in anthropological studies of penitentiary institutions, the nature of their
interaction and the external factors influencing it are analyzed: the independence of organs filtering from the
camp administration, the duality of the status of prisoners and their regime of detention, and the ambiguity of
propaganda. Influence was also divided: some prisoners stood out from the mass of camp administration and
could count on a better attitude; the appearance of “collaborators” led to greater stigmatization and to increased
confidence in former prisoners. The closest contact was with ordinary prison guards, often recruited from those
who had successfully passed filtration. Relations between them often were not conflicting, but mutually beneficial.
This analysis shows the importance of factors rarely taken into account when describing jailers whose
position is close to prisoners themselves. The command posts held in the camps could show sympathy for former
prisoners and open hostility, which indicates the high importance of personality factors. Business leaders and
rank-and-file workers could consider former prisoners to be future cadres and full citizens, but others showed
neglect and aggression, to the detriment of fulfilling production plans, which shows the strong influence of propaganda.
Thus, it is impossible to identify one main factor that determined attitude towards those who entered
the camps. In various situations, the behavior of security guards and workers manifested both determinism in
external conditions and free will.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program and funded by the
Russian Academic Exellence Project “5-100”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Second World War

value: prisoners prisoners of war

value: NKVD

value: camps

value: political repressions

value: forced labor

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tarasov, K. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tarasov K. A. ‘“Everyone Who is Against the Bolsheviks is With Us”: The Activities of the Shulgin — Filonenko Organization in Petrograd (January — March 1918)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 580–594.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article investigates the activities of the anti-Bolshevik underground in late 1917 — early 1918. After
the October upheaval, various opposition groups began to form, all with the aim of organizing an uprising against
the Bolsheviks and their allies. In this case, they planned to rely on spare military units of the Petrograd garrison,
especially the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky reserve regiments. In order to increase their influence on them,
the conspirators sought to transfer the maximum number of their members to rank-and-file and command staff.
Because of this common activity, one group headed by former general B. V. Shulgin established contact for joint
actions with the former High Commissioner of the Provisional Government M. M. Filonenko, and through him with
the Military Commission of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Despite a very different political orientation, which
led to mutual distrust and competition for influence, they gathered forces for joint actions. The demobilization of
the Petrograd garrison, opposed by the soldiers, seemed to be an opportunity for the underground. However,
sudden pre-emptive actions by the new authorities in mid-March 1918 on the forcible disarmament of military
units, which the conspirators planned to use, led to the disintegration of the organization and the removal of the
threat of an armed uprising for the time being.

dc.subject

value: B. V. Shulgin

value: M. M. Filonenko

value: SRs

value: Petrograd

value: demobilization

value: Red army

value: anti-Bolshevik underground


dc.contributor.author

value: Dubentsov, B. B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dubentsov B. B. ‘The Censorship of Press in Petrograd: Transformations of Supervising Institutions in 1919’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 712–724.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the transformations of Petrograd institutions in charge of press censorship carried
out in 1919. The author pays attention to previously little-known facts about the transfer of supervisory functions
in the field of publishing. It was established that the Commissariat of press, agitation, and propaganda, which
continued to perform the role of press censorship in Petrograd in the first half of 1919, was later transformed
into the Department of press, agitation, and propaganda of the Petrograd Soviet. Back in September, the Petrograd
branch of the state publishing house began to supervise the press. In early October, the St. Petersburg Committee of the RCP (b) prepared mobilization for the southern front and adopted a resolution on eliminating
the Department of press, propaganda, and propaganda. The transferal of functions of press censorship to the
Petrograd office of the state publishing house was issued by its resolutions, but in November its Board, in the
presence of V. V. Vorovsky (the head of the State publishing house) and at the initiative of I. I. Ionov (head of the
Petrograd office), decided to offer Petrograd Council to establish the Department of the press as it was already
organized in Moscow and prescribed by the resolution of SNK of July 22/24, 1919.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

value: censorship

value: department

value: commissariat

value: press

value: agitation and propaganda

value: Union of Communes of the Northern Region

value: Petrograd Soviet

value: State Publishing House

value: RSFSR


dc.contributor.author

value: Krivosheev, Yu. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krivosheev Yu. V. ‘Aleksey Yakovlev and Dmitry Ulyanov (from the Family History of Yakovlevs and Ulyanovs)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 660–670.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The longstanding friendship between the Yakovlev and Ulyanov families is a wide-ranging topic. The
Ulyanov family has been thoroughly studied by historians, but the Yakovlevs did not enjoy comparable attention.
The most renowned of this last clan was Alexey Ivanovich Yakovlev, who kept up relations with Vladimir Lenin. But
in the light of archival materials and memoirs, one could claim that interfamily relations extended beyond familiarity
between these two individuals. The paper traces friendship between Alexey Ivanovich Yakovlev and Dmitry Il'ich
Ulyanov. These friendly terms lasted for decades, since the childhood of the confidants, who maintained warm
relations despite the circumstances and the vicissitudes of their fates. The source for the study of their friendship
is the correspondence between them. A number of letters from both have been published, and the rest are in the
Archive of the FSB Directorate of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, in the investigative file of A. I. Yakovlev,
who was arrested during the “Academic Case” of 1929–1931. The correspondence between Dmitry Ulyanov
and Alexei Yakovlev began in 1893. Despite all the differences in their professional activity in the following years,
their friendship continued even after the Revolution, when A. I. Yakovlev became a famous historian, author of
several monographs, and a professor at Moscow University, and Dmitry Ulyanov held a number of high government
positions, including the head of the government of the Soviet Crimea. The last letter of their many years of
correspondence is dated 1943.

value: A. I. Yakovlev

value: D. I. Ulyanov

value: V. I. Lenin

value: correspondence

value: Academic Case

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Brandenberger, David

value: Zelenov, Mikhail Vladimirovich

dc.identifier.citation

value: Stalin’s Catechism: Interview with historians David Brandenberger and Mikhail Zelenov about ‘Stalin’s Master Narrative’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 784–797.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Stalin

value: Lenin

value: Bolsheviks

value: Short Course

value: party history

value: 1917 revolution

value: nationality policy

value: internationalism

value: Comintern

value: Great Terror

value: cult of personality


dc.contributor.author

value: Engerman, David C.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Engerman D. C. ‘Mission from Moscow: Soviet Advisers and the Second Indian Five-Year Plan’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 685–696.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines some early Soviet contacts with Indian planners to show effects on economists
and economic ideas in both countries. Using documents from Soviet and Indian archives, this article traces effects
of Soviet advisors working with the Indian Planning Commission at the crucial moment of formulating India’s
Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61). It shows how Soviet economists, most notably M. I. Rubinshtein, were part of
an official effort to shape the direction of Indian economic policy — but also how Indian planners like P. C. Mahalanobis
were able to use foreign visitors for support. It also suggests ways that the advising relationships in India
may have had more effect on Soviet views of the Third World than on Indian plans. Mahalanobis’s enthusiasm
for importing planning helped him build a technical edifice for his vision of Indian economic policy and to build
domestic support for it. For the Soviets, meanwhile, the encounter with India contributed to a reimaging of the developing
world. Rubinshtein’s travel to and studies of India, then, accelerated the broader Soviet reconsideration
of the non-capitalist path, and with it a core element of Soviet eschatology. There was still one ultimate destination
for history — Communism — but there was, theoretically at least, more than one way to get there.

dc.subject

value: third world

value: India

value: USSR

value: economic advisors

value: M. I. Rubinshtein

value: P. C. Mahalanobis

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Podolskiy, S. I.

value: Voloshinova, I. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Podolskiy S. I., Voloshinova I. V. ‘“For the Good of the City, I’m Ready to Bow to the Devil”: the Head of the Leningrad City Council N. I. Smirnov during the Thaw (1954–1962)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 697–711.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the life and activities of the prominent regional economic manager Nikolai Smirnov
(1906–1962), who served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Council in 1954–1962.
Smirnov was a colorful and talented person. At the same time, he did much for the development of the urban
economy. He had to work in difficult conditions of interaction of the city with the capital's structures, especially
defects of the planning and distribution system. Smirnov proved himself a loyal supporter of Khrushchev, and he
skillfully used the support of the leader. Smirnov strove for a simple and democratic style of communication with
his subordinates and was humane and accessible. Close attention is paid to the use of nomenklatura methods
of work, based on personal connections in central planning and distribution structures. A product of his time,
Smirnov was able to defend the city’s interests and to make a worthy contribution to improving the daily life of
Leningrad’s people. During his leadership, Smirnov addressed such important issues as the deployment of mass
housing construction, the solution of a number of social problems of Leningrad’s residents, the celebration of the
250th anniversary of Leningrad, some “lifting” of the Iron Curtain, and the investigation of several large criminal
communities operating in trade.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Leningrad

value: сhairman

value: Leningrad City Executive Committee

value: N. I. Smirnov

value: urban economy

value: city jubilee

value: corruption

value: planning and distribution bodies

value: nomenclature

value: thaw


dc.contributor.author

value: Linevich, Natalia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Linevich N. Requests in Swedish and English in terms of politeness. Scandinavian Philology, 2019, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 234–246.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper deals with the analysis of request patterns in Swedish and English both
in terms of their differences and similarities. The present research is mainly based on
P. Brown and S. Levinson’s politeness theory (1978, 1987) as well as the model of social
differentiation elaborated by W. Labov, A. Shveizer and V. Zabotkina. The latter is
built on two axes of social differentiation of language: stratificational and situational.
On the stratificational axis the analysis is carried out taking into account one of the
three pragmatic parameters, namely the socio-economic one, where education is one
of the crucial criteria for the present paper. The gender and age parameters are outside
the scope of this paper. On the situational axis, the role relationships of the interlocutors
(symmetric/asymmetric) and the tonality of the situation (official/unofficial) are
taken into account. The data for this analysis came from a discourse questionnaire,
which consisted of 3 situations requiring requests, and was filled by 50 Swedish and
50 Russian respondents. The following classification has been proposed based on two
criteria: 1) the indirectness of the utterances and 2) speaker-hearer -oriented formulas.
As a result of the analysis, it becomes obvious that the realization of request patterns
in the languages in question occurs mainly with the help of negative politeness strategies
modifying their imposition. The speakers tend to use indirect hearer-oriented
constructions (questions), semantic minimization, as well as impersonalization. Interrogatives
on high-deference level of politeness are characteristic of persons with
University degree (UD) in both languages, while statements on low-deference level of
politeness are characteristic of representatives without University degree. However, the
indirectness of utterances in the languages in question differs. The Swedish language is
characterized by the fewer number of politeness strategies per utterance, which lowers
its indirectness compared to the English language. The parameter of speaker-heareroriented
formulas appeared not to be the leading one in the undertaken research.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 17; Issue 2

value: politeness strategies

value: semantic minimization

value: impersonalization

value: speaker-hearer-oriented formulas

value: interrogatives

value: requests

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Soboleva, L. S.

value: Lipatov, V. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Soboleva L. S., Lipatov V. A. ‘A Folk Legend of the Meeting of Stalin with Christ in the Kremlin (Based on OGPU Materials)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 798–818.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3


dc.contributor.author

value: Prandoni, Marco

dc.identifier.citation

value: Prandoni M. The future of coal mining history. Migration, cultural memory and the transnational Dutch studies. Scandinavian Philology, 2019, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 365–380.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this contribution I present the transdisciplinary project Minatori di memorie
(Minors of Memory), based at the University of Bologna, organized by the Dutch Department,
in collaboration with anthropologist Sonia Salsi, a child of emigrants to Lindeman
in Belgian Limburg herself. This platform has been devoted since 2016 to the study of the (post-)memory of coal mining and of (Italian) migration in the transnational
coal district in Belgium and The Netherlands. Multilingualism, translation studies,
world literature and cultural memory studies are the main angles by which the
material and immaterial traces of this important chapter of European history can be
analyzed and actualized in a relevant way. Different artists and artistic forms are shortly
discussed: a short story by Kenan Serbest, Don Luca’ rap music, Roberta Sorgato’
literary non-fiction, a citybook by Mauro Pawlowski, a movie by Stijn Coninx and a
documentary movie by Remo Perrotti. What these artists, with different backgrounds,
have in common is that they have not experienced the world of coal mining and/or
migration directly, but mainly as post-memory, through the mediation of books, photographs,
movies and the social media. Their work offers scholars and students from
the field of the Dutch Studies the opportunity to move beyond the traditional domain
of the discipline and to participate in stimulating interdisciplinary networks. As a matter
of fact, multi- and interdisciplinary crossovers appear vital in order to make small
study programmes like Dutch Studies attractive and sustainable, and to open new research
paths.

dc.language.iso

value: other

dc.subject

value: migration

value: coal mines

value: cultural memory studies

value: transnational Dutch studies

value: multilingualism

value: post-memory


dc.contributor.author

value: Xu, Lihong

value: Kazakova, Tamara Anatolievna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Xu Lihong, Kazakova T. A.. Specifics of Translation of Classical Chinese Poetry. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (3): 480–500.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article studies interlingual and intercultural complications that arise in the translation of
the classical Chinese poetry by comparing Russian versions with the Chinese poem Viewing
the Waterfall at Lushan by Li Bai. The complex analysis covers such structural, typological,
figurative, and cognitive aspects of the Chinese original as rhythm, rhyme, semantic, pragmatic,
stylistic, and other features correlated with the Chinese culture and translatability into
Russian to be perceived in the Russian cultural environment. We have chosen three most
popular Russian translations by A. Gitovich, S. Toroptsev and K. Ismaev. The analysis is based
on the following: the identification of phonic-semantic strategies in translation versions; the
semiopsychological reconstruction of poetical realia at different levels of context; the evaluation
of the degree of reproducibility for cultural constants according to their associative potential
in both source and target cultures. The reconstruction of the source symbolism inherent
in classical Chinese poetry (often with the use of educational commentary) is considered one
of the main specific problems of poetic translation whose mission is to develop and enrich
linguistic, literary, and cultural processes. Li Bai’s poetic original written in the Tang era presupposes
an utmost number of associations to, probably, every word of this succinct quatrain
with its historical, geographical, aesthetic, and religious background that may seem vague
even to present-day Chinese readers, let alone present-day Russian readers. The three Russian
versions of the Waterfall at Lushan distinctly show different translation approaches that determine
different translation solutions and outcomes, resulting in the variability of the information
perceived by the target audience.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper is completed as a part of the research programmes supported by the government of
Heilongjiang province of Chinese People’s Republic: WY2017021 (social-economic development —
in the field of foreign languages); KYR17017 (PLU-Centre of innovative linguistic technologies); and
UNPYCT-2016170 (training for promising young researchers).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: reproducibility

value: connotation

value: levels of context

value: poetic realia

value: cultural constants

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikolaeva, Svetlana B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikolaeva S. B. (2019). Postglacial tectonics and palaeoseisic dislocation in the Kovda area (Kandalaksha Bay, eastern Fennoscandian Shield). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (3), 434–453.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Kandalaksha Graben of the White Sea is one of the most active tectonic zones of the
eastern part of the Fennoscandian crystalline shield. Active faults of the Kandalaksha Graben
derive from the axial zone of the Paleoproterozoic mobile Lapland Granulite Belt and
the Riphean paleorift system. The system of active faults limits the northern and southern
sides of the Kandalaksha Graben. An important problem is the study of the paleoseismicity
of this zone. Local late- and postglacial rock dislocations and shifts, which occur due to
strong seismic effects in the Kovda area of Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea, are considered
in the present paper. We consider the signs which testify to the dynamic (seismic) impact on
rocks. In our work it is shown that paleoseisic dislocations are developed much wider and
cover more representative land areas than previously reported. The dislocation concentration
is in the area of about 325 km2. This area is the supposed epicenter of ancient seismic
events that occurred repeatedly at the end of the Late Pleistocene and during the Holocene.
According to radiocarbon analysis and the time of the opening of the seismic gorge, the age
of the seismic event was determined about 7060 ± 160 yr cal BP. It has been established that
disturbances of rocks are predominant seismogravitational and seismic vibrational types.
They are formed by earthquakes of intensity > VIII degrees on the MSK-64 scale. Paleoseismic
dislocations are localized in zones of active lineaments as well as confined to contacts
of rocks of different petrographic composition. The directions of active fractures coincide
with the strike of fracture in the fault scarps and gorges. This predetermines their seismic
activation in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The main seismogenic fault is probably
the fault-shift of young Kolvitsky Graben. Smaller-scale faults are considered as secondary
feathering faults.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Исследования выполнены в Федеральном государственном бюджетном учреждении науки
Федерального исследовательского центра «Кольский научный центр РАН», Геологический институт
(ГИ КНЦ РАН) по теме госзадания 0226-2019-0054.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: postglacial faults

value: palaeoearthquakes

value: seismic dislocations

value: shifting of rock masses

value: Holocene

value: Kandalaksha Graben

value: Kolvitsky Graben

value: White Sea

value: Fennoscandian Shield


title: Logic of trial

dc.contributor.author

value: Ul’bashev, Alim Kh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ul’bashev, Alim Kh. 2019. “Logic of trial”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 477–490.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the application of logical techniques and methods in trial proceedings.
The author proceeds from the fact that the logic of proving, in other words the use of arguments, cannot be excluded from the subject of civil procedure doctrine. Logic as a general
scientific instrument of knowledge acquires a significant specificity in the civil procedure. The
author starts with consideration of general mathematical and philosophical concepts of logic,
subsequently shifting them to procedural matter and thereby showing the unity of methodology
and the conceptual apparatus of logic. Thus, there is an attempt to overcome the gap that
exists between the two fundamental sciences — formal logic and civil procedure. The author
emphasizes that the correct application of logical laws and rules in proving provides the possibility
for the courts to make a legitimate and grounded decision. A critical assessment is
made of the inattentive attitude to the practical problems of the logic of proving that exists in
the Russian, and even in the Soviet literature on the civil procedure. The domestic doctrine
is practically not engaged in the development and theoretical conceptualization of the basic
methods of argumentation and proving, although it recognizes their importance. The article
pays great attention to the study of the experience of the common law countries (England and
the USA), where the theory and practice of proving has a much deeper history — in these
countries the logic of proving is the subject of various independent legal studies. The final
part of the article is devoted to an attempt to identify and explain the reasons for this imbalance,
when the theory of the civil procedure largely ignores the existing problems of proving
in practice. The author sees the roots of the problem in the existing practice in the Russian
system of higher legal education to focus only on the main provisions of classical formal logic,
not applying them to the specific features of the legal profession in general and the process of
proving in particular.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 3

value: proving

value: methods of proving

value: argumentation

value: legitimacy and validity of the judicial decisions

value: formal logic

dc.title

value: Logic of trial

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Antonova, Marina Borisovna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Antonova M. B. The cognitive aspect of evaluation meaning of English adjectives denoting moral qualities. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (3): 367–380.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper focuses on the cognitive foundation of the English adjectives that denote moral
characteristics of human beings. Word semantics is treated as a two-level phenomenon that
comprises the semantic (external) level and the conceptual (deep) one. The modelling of the
adjective conceptual basis is also based on the etymological data. The etymological data have
revealed that the conceptual basis of the English adjectival category of ‘moral qualities’ is
formed by a certain set of conceptual oppositions, such as LIFE — DEATH, MOTION —
STILLNESS, FRIEND — FOE, LOVE — HATRED, and so forth. These oppositions vary in
terms of productivity, the most productive being the opposition FRIEND — FOE; it produced
25 % of the adjectives. Since the first element in the oppositions is usually marked as positive
while the other is marked as negative, the first element accounts for the meaning of positive
evaluation, while the other produces negative meaning. However, each concept tends to realize
two polar values, i.e. the concepts tend to possess ambivalent value. The concept realizes
positive or negative value due to the interaction with a frame in which it is incorporated. This
peculiarity of the concepts enables any concept to form polar evaluation meanings of different
adjectives and within the frame of a polysemantic adjective. Both antonymy and enantiosemy
are predetermined by the conceptual structures that determine the interpretation of the abstract,
moral qualities in English.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: conceptual opposition

value: conceptual basis

value: frame

value: evaluation meaning

value: adjectival category


dc.contributor.author

value: Rusakova, Maia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rusakova M. M. Sociological model of life trajectories of women involved in prostitution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 249–262.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The history of the study of prostitution is based on acceptance of one of the explanatory
models — that prostitution is violence, deviation or economic choice. The author developed
an applied sociological model of the life trajectories of women involved in prostitution,
based on the results of her own theoretical and empirical research and the experience of
social work with women involved in prostitution. This model is the result of the integration
of the sociology of life course and the ecological model. The model consists of five consecutive
stages: approximation, entry, adaptation, immersion, and exit. Development of the
life trajectory in prostitution occurs in a social context that can be analyzed at four levels:
micro-, meso-, exo- and macro-levels. The model is based on the idea of prostitution as a multifaceted phenomenon, and the premise that women involved in prostitution are a heterogeneous
group. Within the framework of this model, prostitution is viewed in a dynamic
aspect, as a process of an individual’s development in certain socio-ecological contexts, as a
life trajectory, which is based on a combination of previous events and circumstances that
formed the “path to prostitution”. The proposed sociological model provides a general structure
and knowledge base for advancing the study of prostitution; it helps to identify white
spots in the study of the phenomenon of prostitution and contributes to the hypotheses. The
study discusses the applied value of the model for the development of effective measures
of social control of prostitution, which should take into account the existence of different
stages of life in prostitution.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 12; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: prostitution

value: sexual exploitation

value: sex work

value: deviance

value: social control

value: prevention

value: life trajectories

value: ecological model


dc.contributor.author

value: Deriugin, Pavel P.

value: Barbarich, Aleksandr A.

value: Lebedintseva, Liubov A.

value: Kukharenko, Nikolay V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Deriugin P. P., Barbarich A. A., Lebedintseva L. A., Kukharenko N. V. “Deep roots give thick foliage”: prospects for educational and scientific ties between Russia and the China. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 288–294.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Izvekov, Stanislav S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Izvekov, Stanislav S. The Conceptual Basis of the Priority of the Authorized Agency Compared to Creditors in Bankruptcy: A Generalization of the International Experience of Regulation of Fiscal Relation in Cases of Bankruptcy of the Taxpayer. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 491–519.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The subject of the study is the relation between tax legislation and bankruptcy legislation.
The selected theme is seen sporadically in the analysis of certain issues in the framework of
regulating legal relations arising in bankruptcy cases. The object of our study will be the public
relations arising in the performance of the organization of tax liabilities of the bankrupt at the
expense of property, including property pledged as collateral. Our objective was to attempt
to overcome the existing gap in the legal regulation of the status of an authorized body as a
mortgage lender, filling in the gaps in national law and harmonizing it with the legislation of
other nations. In addition, the present work highlights the prospects of setting tax issues in
cross-border bankruptcy cases on the example of the BRICS countries. We formulate the basic
contradictions in the ratio of priority tax claims in the federal law of BRICS countries, assess
the situation, direct state involvement in bankruptcy cases in other states, and outline ways
of overcoming problems. The work used the comparative method in accordance with examples
of cross-border bankruptcies that the national bankruptcy legislation adopted in BRICS
countries. A proposal is made for granting the competent authority the same rights of secured
creditors if the requirements about payment of obligatory payments are secured by a pledge
of property of the taxpayer. The author also confirmed the divergence of national legislation
on the ranking of creditors in some of the BRICS countries. In addition, we provide preconditions
for the participation of the competent authorities of some countries in proceedings
instituted in the territory of the other BRICS countries. The author made recommendations
for the improvement of tax legislation and bankruptcy law which will also ensure the fiscal
interests of the state.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared in the framework of the state task of the Ministry of education and science
of Russia, code of the project: 26.12267.2018/12.1.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: transboundary insolvency

value: cross-border insolvency

value: tax issues

value: obligatory payment

value: competition of international claims

value: equality of rights

value: authorized agency

value: the lender

value: the security of property

value: priority of claims


dc.contributor.author

value: Kaiser, P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kaiser P. ‘“A Tremendous Applause. Everyone Stands up”: the Specificities of the Personality Cults in the 1930s on the Example of the General Secretary of Komsomol A. V. Kosarev’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, pp. 671–684.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyses the formation and development of personality cults in the Soviet Union in the
1930s. Taking the idea of the mutual influence between ideology and broad masses as its basis, the author’s
objective is a better understanding of the evolution of the Soviet political system in this time, as well as the genesis
of the cult of A. V. Kosarev, general secretary of the Communist youth league’s Central Committee. Based on various
sources, including archival materials and published documents, press materials, and memoirs, the author
examines the formation, enhancement, and decline of the adulation of this head of the Komsomol, praised by his
subordinates and colleagues as “Stalin’s pupil” and a “vigorous leader of Soviet youth.” One important topic is the
examination of mechanisms Kosarev used to control the development and improvement of his glorification, as
well as to restrain efforts by Komsomol subordinates to emulate his example. The cult of Kosarev was one of the
last cults of the personality of the Bolshevik leadership, destroyed by Stalin during the Terror. The dismissal and
arrest of the Komsomol Secretary General at the end of November 1938 put an end not only to praises of Kosarev
himself, but also to the special role of the Komsomol. In the shadow of the cult of the “great and wise leader” there
was no longer room for cults of the “little Stalin.”

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Soviet Union

value: Komsomol

value: Kosarev

value: cult of personality

value: Stalin

value: ideology

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mosechkin, Ilya N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mosechkin, Ilya N. 2019. “Artificial intelligence and criminal liability: problems of becoming a new type of crime subject”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 461–476.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the investigation of artificial intelligence as a subject of crime and
the problems of bringing it to criminal liability. The growth of the influence of self-taught
programs in human life and their high rate of development determined the relevance of the
study. It is noted that criminal legislation slowly adjusts to the emergence of new relationships.
Legislation does not yet contain any formulations of crimes related to committing socially
dangerous acts through the use of neural networks, artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence
itself. The author analyzes objective signs of committing crimes related to the use of
artificial intelligence. Currently, artificial intelligence is able to fully implement the objective
side of several crimes provided for by criminal law, but this list will be expanded in the future.
The author predicts options for possible illegal activities of self-taught programs. The content
of the guilt of artificial intelligence remotely resembles the content of the intellectual and volitional
elements of human activity. At the same time, the facts of infliction of harm by artificial
intelligence are predominantly characterized by an analogue of human negligence. The study
of subjective signs made it possible to form a list of subjects of crimes related to artificial
intelligence: program maker; manufacturer or seller of products equipped with artificial intelligence;
user of products equipped with artificial intelligence; other persons. It is argued that
artificial intelligence is not an independent subject of a crime, but may become it in the future
if it is recognized as a person.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: artificial intelligence

value: artificial person

value: subject of crime

value: liability

value: robot

value: legal personality

value: cybercrime


dc.contributor.author

value: Markaryan, Olga E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Markaryan, Olga. “Doctor Stockmann by Stanislavsky in the Light of Criticism and History”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 3 (2019): 512–523.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article overviews different views of critics and theatre historians on the Moscow Art Theatre
production Doctor Stockmann. It was one of the first interpretations of Henrik Ibsen’s play
An Enemy of the People in the director’s theatre era. It was directed by Stanislavsky, who was
himself playing the main role at the same time (1900). In Stanislavsky’s interpretation it was a
very special figure, considered more tragical than Ibsens’s one. Less satirical, more touching, this
Stockmann became a new type of tragic hero. Not the big figure of previous times, but a person
like each of us, only a bit more absurd and naïve. He tended to Dostoevsky’s type of tragic hero
as an object of ridicule but still tragic. That means a new comprehension of tragic that is not only
heroic any more. The type of non-sublime tragic hero became relevant again in the second part
of the 20th century, after the catastrophes that placed every individual in the face of existential
questions. There appeared a new type of hero, manifested in the songs of Vladimir Vysotsky and
Bulat Okudzhava. While their images are very different from the hero of Ibsen-Stanislavsky,
they correlated with him in this new comprehension of a hero as one of us. Soviet historians of
the theatre illuminated Stanislavsky’s role in the spirit of the heroes of their days. The unexpected
bonds appear between these phenomena. The comparison of the views of theatre critics of
the beginning of the 20th century and the Soviet historians in terms of modern theatre studies
helps to understand the essence of Stanislavsky’s interpretation of Doctor Stockmann.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Dostoevsky

value: Ibsen

value: Doctor Stockmann

value: An Enemy of the People

value: Stanislavsky

value: Moscow Art Theatre

value: Iurii Beliaev

value: Pavel Iartsev

value: Konstantin Rudnitskii


dc.contributor.author

value: Biriukov, Pavel N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Biriukov, Pavel N. 2019 “Implementation in EU member states of norms regarding the European Investigation Order”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 566–576.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the European Union is to be based on the principle
of mutual recognition of judgments and judicial decisions. Many conventions and acts
of secondary law have been issued within the EU. In this article, the author examines the issues
of implementation of the Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters in
the EU states. This new approach is based on a single instrument called the European Investigation
Order (EIO). An EIO is to be issued for the purpose of having one or several specific
investigative measure(s) carried out in the state executing the EIO with a view to gathering
evidence. With a view of ensuring the transmission of the EIO to the competent authority of
the executing state, the issuing authority may make use of any possible or relevant means of
transmission, for example the secure telecommunications system of the European Judicial
Network, Eurojust, or other channels used by judicial or law enforcement authorities. The
EIO should focus on the investigative measure to be carried out. The issuing authority is best
placed to decide, on the basis of its knowledge of the details of the investigation concerned,
which investigative measure is to be used. The questions of the authorities competent to execute
the Order are considered. The procedure for the execution and direction of the Order is
examined. Grounds for failure to comply with EU and member state law are being explored.
It is shown that the Order is a new step in the development of communitarian mechanisms in
the field of legal assistance in criminal matters.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: European Union

value: principle of mutual recognition

value: European Investigation Order

value: competent authorities of EU member states

value: implementation

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernysheva, Maria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernysheva, Maria. “Paul Delaroche: The Reception of his Work in Russia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 3 (2019): 577–589.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Despite the existing body of literature on Paul Delaroche, this article is the first attempt to
seriously assess his reception in nineteenth-century Russia. A study of how Delaroche was received
by Russian critics, collectors and artists allows us take a new look both at the scale of his
significance for nineteenth-century art as a whole and at certain key aspects of Russian artistic
culture. The author analyses reviews of Delaroche’s work in the Russian press, including some
never previously discussed, and comments on Horace Vernet’s celebrated statement that: “The
emperor [Nicholas I] spoke with me at length about Delaroche. He has all his prints”. Looking
at Anatoly Demidov’s patronage of Delaroche, the article also touches on the Russian collector’s
relations with the tsar. The new concept of the “genre historique” that originated with
Delaroche was taken up and developed most productively in Russia in the 1860s and 1870s, as
the author demonstrates through an analysis of paintings by Vyacheslav Schwarz and Nikolay
Ge, noting that their treatment of subjects from history was possible only in the more liberal
age of Alexander II. It was under Delaroche’s influence that both Schwarz and Ge created typologically
new images of power and of the monarch (of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great).
In conclusion, the author draws attention to the paradoxical nature of Western self-identification
by Russian nineteenth-century artists, which can be explained in part through a study of
the Russian reception of the art of Delaroche.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: nineteenth-century Russian art

value: nineteenth-century French art

value: Russian-French artistic relations

value: historicism

value: realism

value: Paul Delaroche

value: Karl Bryullov

value: Vyacheslav Schwarz

value: Nikolay Ge


dc.contributor.author

value: Magadeev, Iskander E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Magadeev I. E. The “images of Versailles” and the transformations of international relations in Europe after 1989–1990: views of Western European and US experts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 276–292.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article focuses on the question of how the “images” of the Versailles peace treaty (1919)
were used by Western experts to analyse the events of the end of the Cold War in 1989–1990
and further international transformations in Europe in the 1990s. Though the scholarly
literature on the history of the Versailles order and its historiography is rapidly growing,
the problem of the “Versailles images” remains under-researched. The author underlines
four key points seen by experts and political scientists to be similar between 1919 and 1989:
the growing power of nationalism and separatism, transformation of the geopolitical and
strategic situation in Europe, the new phase of globalization based on liberal and market
principles, and finally, the rise of fears linked to the eventuality of the new revisionist power
and the new global threats emerging. Based on analysis of the articles and publications of
different experts and leaders of public opinion, the author concludes that their estimates
often diverged from the opinions of professional historians of the interwar period. Political
scientists exploited sometimes selectively separate features of the Versailles order in Europe
to back up their points of view on the international trends of the 1990s. At the same time
the ambivalence of scholars’ estimates correspond to the ambiguities of the Versailles treaty
itself, where the new elements, such as the League of Nations and ideas of collective security,
were mixed with the traditional repressive measures which winners tried to impose on losers
throughout international history.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект «От интервенции к признанию: “русская” политика Французской Республики в 1917–1924 гг.» №18-09-00498 А.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 12; Issue 3

value: Versailles order

value: international relations

value: Europe

value: post-bipolar period


dc.contributor.author

value: Orlov, Michail O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Orlov M. O. The conflict potential of social communication in the digital age. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 3, pp. 485–496.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the problem of communication culture transformation in the modern
information space. Modern achievements in information technology are increasingly moving
the communication process into the information space, which naturally leaves certain imprints on its character. In this article, the authors attempt to analyze communication features in the
digital space, to identify the conflict potential of Internet communication, to describe network
communication culture and to propose solutions that will help to reduce the conflict potential of
Internet communication in general, and resolve emerging network conflicts. Further, the author
states that digital society is not only the result of technological progress, but also the result of
the changing human experience. The subject of a socio-philosophical analysis is online communication,
which is a ground for the formation of a complex digital society. A person becomes
a subject of digital society by mastering computer technology and communication capabilities.
The digital age is characterized by multidimensional connections and ambivalence of relations:
on the one hand, communicative freedoms are revealed to a person; on the other hand, new
forms of dependence, risks and conflicts arise. Factors that radically change the quality of network
communication and increase its level of conflict are identified. Thanks to virtual reality, a
person acquires new identities, characteristics and parameters of personal being. It is established
that social networks generate new forms of communicative practices. The development of digital
ethics is considered, and basic rules of Internet communication are formulated. The prospects of
philosophical reflection in the face of new technological capabilities are determined. The article
draws our attention to the emergence of new educational strategies and the rethinking of the
scientific process in the digital communications age.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 35; Issue 3

value: Internet

value: digital age

value: social networks

value: communication

value: online

value: offline

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Savinov, Rodion V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savinov R. V. Epistemic origins of neo-scholastic interpretation of ontological proof of divine existence and discussions сoncerning ontologism. Issues of Theology, 2019, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 334–347.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the problem of the foundation of the development and evaluation
of ontological (aprioristic) proof of Divine existence in some traditions in
the philosophy of the 19th century such as Ontologism and Neo-Scholasticism.
The history of the development of this argument in the tradition of the Middle
Ages and Early Modern period illustrates that at its foundation is the belief in
the possibility of direct (obvious, evidential) apprehension of certain metaphysical
principles that relate to the Divine existence, and their formal (aprioristic)
demonstration. Thus, the difference in meaning of the possibility of explicating
these principles (and recognition or non-recognition of this epistemological possibility)
founded differences in evaluation of ontological proof. It has been shown
that scholasticism, in the end, rejected this opportunity and was highly critical
and negatively interpretated this kind of proof, while some modern thinkers have
recognized this opportunity and included this proof in their philosophical theology
(Descartes, Leibniz and other). We analyzed the teaching of A. Rosmini,
V. Gioberti, and С. Ubags, that returned to the ontological proof, based on the
Modern European philosophy, and they considered ontological proof as the basis
of all philosophical and theological thinking. The Neo-Scholastic and Neo-
Thomism traditions were then studied: Th.-М. Zigliara, J. Kleitgen, G. Sanseverino,
and J. Franzelin who argued against the ontological proof and proposed
epistemic arguments related to the non-evidentialistic interpretation of knowledge
and the disclosure of internal mediating mechanisms of cognitive activity.
In conclusion, despite the predominantly metaphysical and theological basis of
the discussion, it took place within the framework of the discussion of epistemic
models, and this is important for the history of the theory of knowledge and history
of the formation of Neo-Thomism, which (through F. Brentano, a witness of
these discussions) is associated with several schools of contemporary philosophy.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 1; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Neo-Scholasticism

value: Neo-Thomism

value: Ontologism

value: epistemology

value: proof of the Divine existence

value: knowledge

value: thinking


dc.contributor.author

value: Lebedeva, Marina M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lebedeva M. M. The end of the First World War: the formation of global intergovernmental structures and global political trends. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 264–275.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the analysis of what political trends, structures and ideas laid down
by the results of World War I are reflected in the practice of current world politics. It is shown
that at the end of World War I not only the field called “international relations”, with its two
classical theories — realism and liberalism—was formed, but also the political organization
of the world was significantly changed. Firstly, as a result of the war, the first ever system of
international (interstate) relations was formed, Versailles-Washington, which went beyond
the limits of the European continent. Secondly, the first universal international organization
was created — the League of Nations. All this served as a strong impetus for the implementation
of global political ideas and the formation of global governance structures, and
later it was developed in the processes of political globalization and the liberal world order,
understood as openness, rationality and adherence to common legal norms and standards.
At the same time, the article shows that both globalization and the liberal world order are
not identical with Westernization or Americanization. Thirdly, as a result of the creation of
a socialist state, the Westphalian model of the world was challenged, not only in theoretical
terms, but in practical terms. In other words, an attempt was made to build an alternative to
the Westphalian model.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Статья подготовлена по гранту РФФИ и АНО ЭИСИ 2019 № 19-011-31053 «Мегатренды мировой политики в ХХI веке: сферы проявления и развития».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 12; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: World War I

value: Westphalian model of the world

value: globalization

value: liberal world order

dc.title

value: Animation


dc.contributor.author

value: Pećinar, Aleksandra

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pećinar A. The Paris Peace Conference — Contemporary Balkans’ perspective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 327–339.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The current geopolitical conditions, in which we unquestionably feel the effects of World
War I around us, impose consideration of the unstable situation in place for decades now
in the area of the Balkans, provoking thus an interest in the real causes of such an event. The
question arises as to why, for example, the former Yugoslavia was, and why even nowadays the
unresolved questions in many areas of this region are potentially representing the most malignant
conflicts on the planet? When “peacemakers” met in Paris, new nations emerged, and the
old empires were dying. An insight into the process of “reconstruction” of this region as part of
the diplomatic, military, economic and political processes, in this area of strategic importance
for preserving the domination of the Great Powers, could be crucial for making a conclusion.
Assuming that some of the most pressing problems of the modern Balkans are rooted in the
region’s political inheritance: the arrangements, unities, and divisions imposed by the Allies
after the First World War, and in the hope that their deeper and wider understanding could
contribute to the healing process in this region, as well in reinforcing human security, we
would try to explain how by signing “the peace to end all peace”, the seeds of future developments
in this high priority “area of supply and transit” were laid.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: the Balkans

value: World War One

value: Paris Peace Conference

value: Great Powers

value: diplomacy

dc.type

value: Book


dc.contributor.author

value: Bodrov, Andrei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bodrov A. V. A new perspective on the role of the Russian Revolution in the process of formation of the Versailles order. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 3, pp. 396–402.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This review of the multi-author book War, Revolution and Peace focuses on the influence of
the Russian Revolution of 1917 on the formation of the Versailles system. The novelty of the authors’ approach is pointed out. They fully take into consideration not only diplomatic but
also military strategic dimensions of international relations of the 1920s as well as the importance
of the distorting effect of perception of the situation by political elites of Western European
countries and Soviet leadership. The examination of the establishment of a new system
of international relations as a long-term process also seems to be justified. However, the determination
of the “point of no return” to the previous Vienna system of international relations
during World War I is still controversial. The book under consideration reflects the general
context of the most vital problems of the peace settlement and international relations of the
1920s as well. Although the book is dedicated to the Russian revolution factor in the process
of reconstructing the world system, it does not instill the false idea that the diplomacy of that
period revolved exclusively around the “Russian question” — as was sometimes the fault of
Soviet historiography. The author of this review comes to the conclusion that the collective
work by collaborators from the MGIMO University makes the influence of events in Russia on
the becoming of the Versailles order much more visible, despite the fact that the Russia itself
turned out to be a pariah state and not a full-fledged member of the new system. The research
has managed to demonstrate the interaction of stormy processes in postwar Europe. The book
not only suggests a number of answers but also puts forward hypotheses which prompt further
analysis and discussion.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Versailles system

value: Russian revolution of 1917

value: Soviet Russia

value: international relations

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Khulap, Vladimir (archpriest)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khulap V. In a difficult search for mutual understanding. Issues of Theology, 2019, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 348–351

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 1; Issue 3


dc.contributor.author

value: Theodoret of Сyrus, Blessed

dc.identifier.citation

value: Blessed Theodoret of Сyrus. Treatment of Hellenic Illnesses. Sermon IV. “On Matter and Cosmos”. Issues of Theology, 2019, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 444–456.


title: The Reformation as a call to discussion

dc.contributor.author

value: Butakov, Pavel A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Butakov P. A. The Reformation as a call to discussion. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 3, pp. 519–527.

dc.description.abstract

value:
There are numerous interpretations of the event that is considered the beginning of the European
Reformation of the 16th century, i. e., the publication of the Ninety-Five Theses by Martin
Luther in 1517. According to the most popular interpretations, the publication of the Theses
was an extraordinary historical event. I argue, however, that the writing of the Theses was an
ordinary episode of daily academic life. This claim is justified by excerpts from private letters
of Martin Luther from 1517–1518, contemporary historical scholarship of the Reformation
era, and analysis of the specific features of European academic life and events from the history
of the Church in the 15th–16th centuries. I consider the creation of the Ninety-Five Theses as a
part of the more-than-a-century-old academic competition between universities belonging to
the traditions of via antiqua and via moderna. In addition, I establish a relationship between,
on the one hand, the struggle of the philosophical and theological traditions of via moderna
and via antiqua and, on the other hand, the struggle of the ecclesiastical political movements
for conciliarism and for the primacy of the pope. I also claim that the true cause of the beginning
of the Reformation lies in the conflict between the ecclesiastical authorities, who tried
to suppress theological discussions, and the academic community, which considered those
discussions their undeniable right.

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 35; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Reformation

value: Martin Luther

value: Ninety-Five Theses

value: conciliarism

value: via moderna

value: Council of Constance

value: the Fifth Lateran Council

dc.title

value: The Reformation as a call to discussion


dc.contributor.author

value: Derzhivitskii, Evgenii V.

value: Larionov, Igor Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Derzhivitskii E. V., Larionov I. Yu. The problem of moral choice in political ethics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 3, pp. 406–416.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, we identify and describe the particular characteristics of moral choice in political
ethics. For that purpose, the main features of political ethics as applied ethics, as well as
its difference from other areas of applied ethics, are revealed. We describe the method and
the limits of interpretation of political ethics as professional ethics. We come to the conclusion
that in some cases of political choice we cannot appeal to norms and principles of public
morality. The reasons are the ineradicable properties and goals of political activity—that is,
its significant impact on the welfare and lives of citizens of the state, a high degree of risk
and uncertainty, and the continuous presence of open ethical questions. On that ground, we
argue that in the case of moral choice political ethics should analyze each situation separately,
since any attempt to create universal prescriptions and recommendations would inevitably fail
as inappropriate. Hereafter, we propose the typology of ethical conflicts typical for political
practice. The first type is the moral conflict caused by the necessity of political compromise
that presupposes breaking previous promises. The second type is proper moral dilemmas that
include the choice between life and death of other people. The third type presents the choice
between some historically significant goals and the personal political career of a politician.
In the discussion, we will provide real-life examples for each type of political moral conflict.
The main research methods of the paper are categorical analysis of ethical concepts, comparative
analysis, cultural-historical method, analysis of moral dilemmas, event analysis, politicalpsychological
method, method of political-cultural comparative studies, and content analysis.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
With the support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project №19-011-00234 “Moral
normality in professional ethical codes in the conditions of formation of a digital society”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: political ethics

value: moral conflict

value: moral choice in politics

value: compromise

value: lies in politics

value: moral motivation of politicians

value: the responsibility of politicians

value: political suicide

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dobrotsvetov, Pavel K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dobrotsvetov P. K. The Blessed Theodoret of Cyrus and his Sermon IV: “On Matter and Cosmos” from the treatise “Treatment of Hellenic Illnesses”. Issues of Theology, 2019, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 441–443.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 1; Issue 3


dc.identifier.citation

value: Serving Communion: Re-thinking the relationship between Primacy and Synodality A Study by the Saint Irenaeus Joint Orthodox-Catholic Working Group. Issues of Theology, 2019, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 352–404.


dc.contributor.author

value: Маrkov, Вoris V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Markov B. V. Consciousness of Others in phenomenology and postanalytical philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 3, pp. 447– 460.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the problem of perceiving the internal experience of other people. Language
as a system of social codes is not suitable to describe individual experiences. Therefore,
phenomenology and hermeneutics rely on empathy. However, it is incomprehensible in this
way to apply one’s experience to another’s. In addition to its ineffability, the inner experience
of another confronts analysts with other problems. Interest in the inner experience in philosophy
was raised by the search for that which has the property of truth. Reliance on direct
knowledge turns out to be common to many different epistemological programmes and, in
particular, the meeting point of phenomenology and analytic philosophy. R. Carnap considered
peculiar “epistemological atoms”, from which a system of knowledge should be logically
constructed. M. Schlick considered verification as a criterion of the significance of theoretical
statements— through this, statements are derived or confined to the immediate data. According
to Husserl, comprehension of truth is associated with its obviousness. Intellectual
intuition understands the subject as it presents itself. A thorough systematic comparison of
phenomenological and analytic philosophy of consciousness is difficult to accomplish, most
likely because the two philosophies use different languages that cannot be applied to each
other. Therefore, phenomenology and hermeneutics have claimed status as a methodology
and philosophy of humanities, while analytic philosophy is focused on scientific knowledge.
Meanwhile, they have common ground in the study of consciousness characteristics such as
self-evidence, nonpositionality and intentionality. Contrary to popular perception of the opposition
of phenomenological and empiric programmes to justify knowledge, techniques of
phenomenological analysis of consciousness are being assimilated in postanalytical philosophy.
Social attitudes and cultural backgrounds form the external context in which acts of
consciousness take place. Thanks to common standards and rules for ensuring social order,
communication of “I” and “Other” is possible.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
RFBR grant N 18-511-00015 Bel_a “Anthropological and argumentological the bases of intercultural
communication and intercultural dialogue” (2018–2020).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 35; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Оther

value: phenomenology

value: analytic philosophy

value: internal experience

value: self-evidence

value: communication I and the Оther


dc.contributor.author

value: Rak, Alexandra

value: Trofimov, Alexander

value: Stefanov, Vasily

value: Ischenko, Alexander

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rak, A., Trofimov, A., Stefanov, V., and Ischenko, A. 2019. Is the hormone a protease? Proteolytic properties of human recombinant anti-mullerian hormone. Bio. Comm. 64(3): 201–210.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein of the TGF-β cytokine superfamily
that regulates the development of the mammalian reproductive system,
as well as the functioning of mature gonads. Recombinant AMH (rAMH) is also
able to induce apoptosis of malignant cells bearing AMH type II receptors (MISRII)
on the surface. Development of rAMH-based anticancer drugs is hampered
by the lack of accurate information about the tissues where the AMH active
form is generated and about the enzyme that activates the hormone by specific
proteolysis. According to one hypothesis, the proteolytic processing of the hormone
is autocatalytic. The goal of this work was to investigate the proteolytic
activity of rAMH and its biologically active form — C-terminal AMH fragment
(C‑AMH). We showed that two forms of the hormone possess both autoproteolytic
activity and the ability to influence the structure of other proteins. A
full-length molecule of the hormone, as well as C-AMH, also forms complexes
with aprotinin, an inhibitor of trypsin-like serine proteases. We determined that
aprotinin competes for binding to C-AMH with antibodies blocking C-AMH interaction
with MISRII. The obtained data suggest that AMH has proteolytic properties
and that the site of specific AMH cleavage is involved in the interaction of
the hormone with a specific receptor.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: anti-mullerian hormone

value: AMH

value: aprotinin

value: autoproteolysis

value: MIS

value: protease

value: recombinant protein

dc.title

value: Article


title: Editorial

dc.identifier.citation

value: Editorial. Issues of Theology, 2019, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 278–279.

dc.description.abstract

value: Editorial

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 1; Issue 3


dc.contributor.author

value: Strizhitskaya, Olga Yu.

value: Petrash, Marina D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strizhitskaya O. Yu., Petrash M. D. Non-family intergenerational relations: problems and prospects. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 3, pp. 243–253.

dc.description.abstract

value: The problem of intergenerational relationships both within and outside family becomes more and more challenging for the society due to changing demographic situation. In the literature prevails the data on intergenerational relationships in family while non-family intergenerational relationships stay understudied. Present paper uncovers major trends in the research of nonfamily relationships. We consider the term “generation” as a key notion in intergenerational studies. Analysis of publications showed that there are several interpretations of the notion “generation” that complicates understanding the results in general. One of the most perspective directions in the interpretation of the “generation” would be the one that suggests that “generation” is one of the forms of social identity. Among a variety of studies on nonfamily intergenerational relationships we could identify two major blocks: intergenerational relationships at work place and intergenerational programs. Intergenerational relationships in work place are studied within the model of generational identity at work place and intergroup contact theory by Allport. The studies of intergenerational programs are based primarily on the ideas of experience sharing and advantages of different generations during such exchange. Also we consider the idea that intergenerational relationships can be a specific form of learning. Studies show that intergenerational research in non-family context are limited. These studies consider interaction of older and younger generations with accent on the positive effects of such interaction for older generation. Still there are no many-generational studies in non-family context. Paper compare the terms “intergenerational relationships” and “intergenerational interaction” and underlines that in modern society generations “meet” not only at the relationship level, but at a more situational level that is not analyzed in the studies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was prepared within the framework of the RFBR project 19-013-00861 “Professional development in the structure of intergenerational relations during the transition from youth to adulthood”.

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: generation

value: intergenerational relationships

value: intergenerational relationships in work place


dc.contributor.author

value: Maasing, Madis

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maasing M. Livonian Canons and Challenge of the Reformation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 3, рp. 996–1013.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines five Livonian cathedral chapters — Riga, Dorpat, Osilia, Curonia and
Reval — during the Reformation era (1522–1566): from the beginning of Livonian Reformation
to the dissolution of the Chapter of Riga. The main aim is to identify the most important
changes in the chapters, and to examine reactions to the Reformation and to the religious alterations
amongst the canons. Although there are obvious gaps in the statistical data, it is possible
to present an overall picture of the situation. If one compares the beginning and the end
of the period, the numbers of the canons seem to have remained almost the same. The number
of local canons that came from burgher families drops which could be connected with the success
of the Reformation in Livonian towns, while the increase in the number of canons from
Germany might be connected to the intensifying relations of Livonia with the Holy Roman
Empire. The falling number of cumulations (i. e., cases when a canon held multiple chapter
seats simultaneously) might indicate pursuit to enhance internal discipline in the chapters and
attempt to face the challenge of the Reformation. The data about religious affiliations shows
that the chapter of Riga was dominantly Catholic at the end of the 1540s, but mainly Protestant
by the end of the 1550s. Generally, it appears that there were no serious confessional
conflicts in Livonian chapters, and as there is no information about them elsewhere, it can be
concluded that confessional conflicts reached Livonia only during and after the Livonian War.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research carried out for this article has been supported by the Estonian Research Council (grant
PUT1422).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Reformation

value: cathedral chapters

value: canons

value: Medieval Livonia

value: Teutonic Order

value: Archbishop Wilhelm of Riga