dc.contributor.author

value: Jekele, Ilona

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jekele I. Representation of the Livonian clergy in 13th–16th century sigillographic sources. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 77–88.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper focuses on the investigation of the sigillographic sources — pendant wax seals, that belonged to the representatives of Livonian Bishops and Archbishops of Riga. For the investigation, more than 700 pendant wax seals from the Latvian State Historical Archive’s Fund No. 8 — “Archives of Internal Magistrate of Riga” were analyzed. The paper focuses on the wax seals that belonged to the representatives of the Archbishopric of Riga, and representatives of the Livonian Bishoprics. Analysis of the seals of Livonian clergy reveal that several stages can be distinguished in their development. The earliest wax seals that belonged to the representatives of the Livonian clergy display a well-known image – a bishop seated on a throne holding his regalia. For earliest seals it was common to use uncolored wax, these seals mostly were round in shape but the transition to the pointed oval shape took place during the 13th-century. By the middle and end of the 13th-century seals transitioned into use of red wax. During this time also first double-sided seals (where the reverse can be considered as the counterseal) appeared. In this period bishops and archbishops are depicted standing in the church surroundings, indicating the seal owner’s status and rank. In the 14th-century the use of the family coat of arms also appears. Counterseals in 15th-16th-cenuries are used separately as the great seal and counterseal and the depiction used in them represent the importance of the cult of Virgin Mary in Livonia. Nevertheless, Livonian clergymen also used their family coat of arms for self-representation. Medieval religious communities were specialists in symbolization. During the middle ages they adopted and readjusted their own equivalent of self-representation devices used not only in sigillographic sources but also in artistic and architectural works.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: sigillography

value: sphragistics

value: wax seals

value: Livonia

value: bishops

value: clergy


dc.contributor.author

value: Maasing, Madis

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maasing M. Livonia and depiction of Russians at Imperial diets before the Livonian War. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 36–62.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper observes depictions of the Russians and the Grand Duchy of Moscow at the Imperial Diets from the beginning of the 15th century to the 1550s. The Russians could be presented as schismatics or even infidels that threaten (Western) Christendom just like Ottoman Turks; or as fellow Christians with whom church union or at least a political alliance might be possible. Russian-related topics were usually presented by central branch of the Teutonic Order, the King of Poland or Livonian territories, who used negative depiction as a rhetorical tool to achieve certain political goals. Both the Order and Poland used the Russians in Teutonic-Polish conflict over Prussia, in which case they were described and compared with non-Christian enemies: the Tatars and the Turks. Additionally, the Order often claimed that in order to help Livonia, it should be exempted from taxes, or that possessions and lands should be reinstated to it. The Livonians used Russian threat rhetoric also to get exempted of some Imperial obligations, especially taxes, and with a clear success. Sometimes, the Livonians asked direct help against Moscow, but without success even during the war times. Partially, it might be connected with the competing narrative: since the 1490s, Moscow was then and again proposed as possible ally against Turks. Then, interest towards Moscow also rose in the Empire due to contacts between King Maximilian I with Ivan III and Vasiliy III. In the end, neither of these two narratives became dominant at the Imperial Diets before the Livonian War, and even during the war, when Anti-Russian propaganda was intensified, the positive narrative persisted; perhaps because it already had quite long roots.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Writing of this article was supported by Estonian Research Agency, project PUT1422 (Coexistence, isolation and cultural interchange in Medieval Livonia (1200–1550), (2017–2020)) и PRG318 (Breaking the Ground for reorganisation. Politico-economic reason and advocacy for change in the Early Modern Baltic region, (2019–2023)).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana;volume 1 (29)

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: Grand Duchy of Moscow

value: Holy Roman Empire

value: Imperial diets

value: Teutonic Order

value: Poland

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Maltseva, Svetlana Vladislavovna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maltseva S. V., Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. The culture of the Slavic and Balkan countries in reports of participants of the International scientific conference «Art and culture of the Middle Ages. Heritage and perspectives for comprehension», 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 224–229.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article deals with the course and results of the International scientific conference «Art and Culture of the Middle Ages: Heritage and Perspectives of Comprehension» (https://actual-art.spbu.ru/o-konferentsii/arkhiv/2020/iskusstvo-i-kul-tura-srednevekov-ya.html), as part of the international symposium «Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art», held by St. Petersburg State University together with Lomonosov Moscow State University and the leading museums of Russia in the mode of the Biennale.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The event was organized with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 20-012-22040) and took place in St. Petersburg on October 26–31, 2020.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: medieval studies

value: international conference

value: culture

value: actual problems of art theory and history

value: Russian Foundation for basic research

value: architecture

value: interdisciplinary research

value: Byzantine art

value: ancient Russian art

value: cultural studies


dc.contributor.author

value: Filyushkin, Alexander Ilyich

value: Yerusalimski, Konstantin Yuryevich

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filyushkin A. I., Yerusalimski K. Yu. Andrey Vitalyevich Karavashkin (20.08.1964–15.01.2021), 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 219–223.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana;volume 1 (29)

dc.subject

value: obituary

value: A. V. Karavashkin

value: historiography

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kondratiev, Ihor Viktorovich

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kondratiev I. V. Liubech castle: In search of symbols and meanings. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 114–129.

dc.description.abstract

value: Liubech castle is one of the symbols of the Kievan Rus. According to the original plan of B. A. Rybakov, Liubech was supposed to become an example of a classic feudal castle. In the context of this idea, a thesis about the high level of development of feudal relations in the pre-Mongol period, significant economic and social development, complexity and perfection of architectural structures formed. The meanings built in the series of publications were displayed in the corresponding series of graphic reconstructions. Gradually this image relegates to the background and the image of the strong state authority becomes the main one. The preformed set of ideas about the Liubech Congress of 1097 became the ideological context of such interpretation. The main structure which was not in previous versions is introduced in the descriptions of the castle ― the palace. Formation of this meaning ended by direct comparison of Liubech and Moscow. But comparison of B. A. Rybakov’s materials with historical data, as well as with materials from the excavations of Liubech in 2010–2012, allows to claim that the created reconstruction of the castle of the 10th–11th centuries does not correspond to the declared historical period, but represents an interpretation of the structures of the 16th–18th centuries. Nevertheless, there are every chances for the Liubech castle to go beyond the graphic image and become a real tourist attraction. Working documents for the restoration work were prepared in 2012. It was planned to carry out the project basing on the reconstruction by B. A. Rybakov. The use of cultural heritage for the formation of Ukrainian national identity, as well as the rich history of the castle in the 16th–18th centuries can become the new meaning of the monument. For now the project is not implemented due to lack of funding.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Liubech

value: Castle

value: feudal fiefdoms

value: Boris Alexandrovich Rybakov

value: reconstruction

value: architectural project

value: ethnicity


dc.contributor.author

value: Filipowiak, Wojciech

value: Bogacki, Michał

value: Kokora, Karolina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filipowiak W., Bogacki M., Kokora K. The Center of Slavs and Vikings in Wolin, Poland. History, scenography, story and efect. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 89–113.

dc.description.abstract

value: In this paper, the authors analyze the Center of Slavs and Vikings (hereinafter Centrum), a reconstruction of early medieval Wolin functioning as an open air museum. The reconstruction was made on an islet on the Dziwna Strait, opposite the center of Wolin. In the early Middle Ages, the city was one of the largest craft and trade centers on the Baltic Sea. It appears in numerous written sources and has been the subject of archaeological research for nearly 200 years. Its history is connected with the legend of Jómsborg and Vineta. The idea of building an archaeological and ethnographic open-air museum was established in 1958 in archaeological circles. For various reasons, this intention was not realized during the period of the Polish People’s Republic. In 1992, the Viking Festival (today the Festival of Slavs and Vikings) was initially organized in Wolin, which is now one of the largest reenactors’ events in Europe. As the festival developed, elements of its scenery were created. In 2002, the local Wolin–Jomsborg–Vineta Center of Slavs and Vikings Association was registered with the aim of building the Center. It was opened in 2008 and has been gradually expanding with new elements. The center is a historical park that presents a simplified vision of the early Middle Ages, with little reference to the history of the city and the region. The success of the Slavs and Vikings Festival and the Center became its greatest disadvantage ― it ceased to be a reconstruction of early medieval Wolin. The content presented there is related to the subculture of performers and as such is not original ― similar forms can be found in other facilities of this type in Poland and abroad. The presented image of the Slavs is simplified in a way that is assimilable to the contemporary recipient ― the emphasis is on nature-related spirituality, courage, honor, freedom, ecology. On the other hand, content that would be unacceptable in contemporary culture (e. g. the role of women) is omitted. The lack of cooperation with professionals makes the activities of the Center chaotic, confusing the notion of tradition with reconstruction, history with story, archeology with handicraft, and finally science with guesswork. Creating new content on the basis of selective historical knowledge and presenting it as «revived traditions» requires special attention in Western Pomerania, where due to the population exchange after 1945 there is a real problem of regional identity. The center, run by a private association, is dynamic and is a success as a product of promotion and tourism. Nevertheless, its success resulted in the «privatization of heritage», which most of the region’s inhabitants do not identify with. To counteract this, the authors postulate increasing cooperation between private entities (Association, Center) and public institutions (the Museum, Institute of Archeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana;volume 1 (29)

value: Wolin

value: Poland

value: open-air museum

value: historical reenactment

value: early Middle Ages

value: cultural studies


dc.contributor.author

value: Weber, Dmitriy Ivanovich

value: Nosova, Ekaterina Igorevna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Weber D. I., Nosova E. I. Episode from the history of Baltic trade: Import of paper to the Moscow state. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 63–76.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article is dedicated to one of the episodes of trade in the Baltic region, namely the import of paper into the Moscow state. The emphasis is not on the fact of the availability of European paper based on filigree, but an attempt has been made to consider the ways of supplying this important writing material through written sources. It is known that one of the ports of delivery of paper in earlier modern times was Arkhangelsk, but this article considers the important trade route for the Moscow state as the cities of Livonia. Despite the fact that it is difficult to compare it with, for example, the Lower Rhine or the Netherlands in terms of the amount of paper sold, the Baltic region is the one to which Moscow State was referred. The Hanseatic cities of Riga and Reval were the main paper supply centers throughout the fifteenth century, but the registers of the Zund tax show an increase in Narva’s position. This source, in particular, notes a significant number of ships going to Narva with paper, for example, from Dieppe. A sharp increase in the supply of paper precisely during the period when the city belonged to the Moscow state, during the Livonian War. This suggests that Narva was one of the most important points of French paper deliveries during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 20-39-70017 «Western European paper in Russia in the 15th – 17th centuries. Comprehensive study» (Stability).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: paper

value: trade

value: Narva

value: Sound Toll Registers

value: Baltic region

value: Ivan the Terrible

value: Livonian War

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Halperin, Charles J.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Halperin Ch. J. An artifact of Soviet historiography: Ocherki istorii istoricheskoi nauki v SSSR, 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 205–218.

dc.description.abstract

value: The five-volume but incomplete Ocherki istorii istoricheskoy nauki v SSSR published between 1955 and 1985 is a fascinating artifact of Soviet historiography. It is a palpable reminder of the ability of Soviet historiography to mobilize by command the expertise and financial resources required to produce multi-author multi-volume series. Ocherki istorii istoricheskoy nauki v SSSR encompassed the histories of all peoples living on the territory of the USSR after World War II. This article examines the project from a mostly technical point of view.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana;volume 1 (29)

dc.subject

value: USSR

value: historiography

value: historical journal


dc.contributor.author

value: Malinovská, Nora

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malinovská N. Problems of Slavic identity on the pages of the Slovak journal «Konštantínove listy / Constantine’s Letters», 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 161–168.

dc.description.abstract

value: The author provides an overview of articles on the topic of Slavic identity and the development of common Slavic self-consciousness published in the international scientific journal «Konštantínove listy / Constantine’s Letters», published by the Institute for Research of the Cultural Heritage of Constantine and Methodius of the Faculty of Philosophy named after Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra (Slovakia). The main goal of the journal, founded in 2008, is to present the actual results of research on the problems and topics related to the cultural and political history of Great Moravia, as well as the functioning of the Cyril and Methodius tradition in the Slavic world in later times, right up to the present day. Analyzing the results of research published on the pages of the journal, the author comes to the conclusion that most of the authors are looking for and find the initial impulse of common Slavic self-consciousness in Great Moravia. It is the ideological and cultural heritage of the Great Moravian Cyril and Methodius tradition, primarily the Slavic alphabet, literature and Church Slavonic language, that became the basis for the formation of the Slavic world as an ethnic, cultural and historical integrity.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Slavs

value: Slavic identity

value: Great Moravia

value: Cyrillo-Methodian heritage

value: ethnicity

value: Byzantine heritage

value: cultural studies


dc.contributor.author

value: Leighton, Gregory

dc.identifier.citation

value: Leighton G. Written and visual expressions of authority of female monastic institutions in Medieval Livonia: 13th to 15th centuries. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2021, vol. 1 (29), pp. 15–35.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article presents a study of how women (specifically nuns and abbesses) were perceived in medieval Livonia. Given the significant increase in accessible academic work on the crusading movement in the eastern Baltic, scholarly considerations of the visual culture of this region, and reconsiderations of the roles played by women in the medieval world in general, this article turns from the central regions of the study of Medieval Europe to the periphery. It begins by providing a historical overview of the sources, commenting on the sparsity of specific representations of women in the narrative texts for the Livonian crusades produced in the 13th century. Following this overview, it analyses the representations of women in the vast amount of charter evidence available for the study of Livonia. The first part of the article looks at the ways these institutions were patronized as a result of their intercessory authority. Looking at donations from the 13th to the 15th century, this article also comments on the ways in which private citizens, church officials, and members of the Teutonic Order viewed these intercessory powers. The second part also considers the economic authority gained by these institutions, particularly in the form of land donations. Finally, this article addresses the ways in which women of authority styled themselves in the written documents and depicted their power in the form of visual media, particularly on seals but also in the form of architecture.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Livonia

value: Medieval Women

value: Church History

value: Teutonic Order

value: Late Medieval

value: Northern Europe

value: medieval studies

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Berger, Łukasz

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berger Ł. Interruptions in Roman Comedy: Gender, Status, and Power in Interaction. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 57–76.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article addresses the pragmatic and sociolinguistic constraints of interrupting in Roman
comedy. It starts with a redefinition of the phenomenon informed by the methods of Conversation
Analysis (CA): apart from syntactically incomplete utterances (as a result of interruptions
by others), the analysis also includes the cases of interruptions reported by the characters.
Furthermore, a distinction is made between intrusive (disaligning) interventions and
other forms of competitive turn encroachments. The term ‘interruptions’, however, has been
reserved only for the former, antagonistic type which serves to express disagreement and disinterest
or to usurp the speaking turn. Using the revised criteria, the article proceeds to comment
on quantitative data extracted from all the extant plays by Plautus and Terence. Accordingly,
interruptions are viewed in relation to gender, age and status of the speakers, whereas
some more detailed analysis concerns male and female citizens, prostitutes and servants. After
comparing every character’s share of talk with their proportional use of turn incursions (both
collaborative and disruptive), it is argued that the violation of the turn-exchange system is
significantly associated with some interlocutors and less so with others. The last section presents
interrupting as a pragmatic means of exerting power in interaction while discussing the
phenomenon also from a (sociolinguistic) cross-gender perspective.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: interruption

value: gender

value: social status

value: Plautus

value: Terence

value: Conversation Analysis

value: turn taking

value: male speech

value: female speech


dc.contributor.author

value: Kousoulini, Vasiliki

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kousoulini V. A Reading of Fragments 926(a) and 926(g) PMG within the Context of the New Music. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 18–31.

dc.description.abstract

value:
There has been much controversy regarding the date, the performative context, and the generic
quality of fragment 926 PMG, which has been preserved on papyrus (P. Oxy. 9 + P. Oxy 2687)
in a rhythmical treatise by an unknown author. The verse fragments on this papyrus were
composed in iambic dactyls (∪ — ∪ –) and used as examples of the occurrence of syncope in
various lyric meters. Fragments 926(a) and (g) PMG are from a composition performed by a
maiden chorus which bear similarities to Alcman’s partheneia and have affinities with archaic
epic and lyric poetry. Supposedly, these fragments might have been fragments of partheneia
composed in the time of the New Music. Nonetheless, they are not shaped according to the
bulk of the aesthetic values and the compositional rules of the New Music. These fragments
seem to belong to cultic songs created for maiden choruses, possibly, to honor Dionysus. The
alternative is that they imitate such songs within a dramatic context. We may assume that
these quasi-dithyrambic partheneia were composed to serve religious needs or at least imitated
cultic songs. They looked backward to the archaic and early classical tradition of partheneia,
and their existence is an indication that, in the days of the New Music, there was a poetic
tradition upheld by “reactionary” poets.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF)
through the Operational Programme “Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning”
in the context of the project “Reinforcement of Postdoctoral Researchers — 2nd Cycle” (MIS-5033021),
implemented by the State Scholarships Foundation (ΙΚΥ).

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: New Music

value: partheneia

value: late classical lyric


dc.contributor.author

value: Sapota, Tomasz

value: Słomak, Iwona

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sapota T., Słomak I. Seneca’s Phoenician Women — Genre, Structure, Thematic Unity. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 77–89.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article revises current perspectives on the generic status, composition, and subject matter
of Phoenician Women by Seneca. It adopts a new approach, focusing on selected elements
of text organisation. In particular, emphasis is given to the construction of characters and the
analogies and contrasts between them which were already of interest to ancient poetics and
rhetoric. Moreover, the article refers to observations, accurate but isolated and largely ignored,
made by scholars who recognised Seneca’s originality and suggested that his plays might have
been inspired by the declamatory tradition and should be read in the context of evolving postclassical
literature. By adopting this perspective, it becomes possible to bring together a large
number of partial conclusions that are related to Phoenician Women as well as other plays by
Seneca. What is more important, the work brings to light the purposeful composition of the
drama and its thematic unity, allowing us to return to the MS versions that until now have
been replaced by conjectures, which often distort the meaning of the text. After dismissing
the emendations and adopting a new method of reading, Seneca’s Phoenician Women can
be regarded as complete and well-organised. The play has certain characteristic features of a
tragedy, of all Seneca’s dramas, it is the one most inspired by the genre of declamation and the
poetics of Seneca the Elder’s anthology, and it is an example of the use of plot material typical
of tragedy for presenting the problem of pietas in all its complexity.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Seneca the Younger

value: Phoenician Women

value: declamatory tradition in drama

value: Roman tragedy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dudziński, Andrzej

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dudziński A. Epikrateia, Eparchia and a Description of the Carthaginian Presence in Sicily. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 4–17.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Ἐπικράτεια and ἐπαρχία are two terms used by the ancient sources to describe the Carthaginian
presence in Western Sicily. Due to a lack of information about the character and details
of this presence, it is crucial to precisely understand the terminology employed by our
sources and all its nuances. The article challenges the widely accepted opinion that the nouns
ἐπικράτεια and ἐπαρχία can be treated as synonyms. To verify whether this assumption is
correct or not, a careful analysis of how the ancient authors (Polybius, Diodorus Siculus and
Plutarch) used both nouns, as well as other related forms, is conducted. To make up for the
limited number of occurrences of ἐπικράτεια in the analysed corpus, the relevant part of the
examination also includes the use of this noun in Strabo’s Geography. The analysis allows us to
highlight a significant change in the meaning of the two terms between the 2nd century (Polybius)
and the mid-1st century BC (Diodorus). This change reflects a development in the Greek
political and administrative vocabulary, which was adjusting to a new reality of the Mediterranean
world being organised into Roman provinces. The conducted analysis also allows us to
better understand the complexity of the Carthaginian position in Western Sicily.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research hereby presented would not be possible without the generous funding of the project Relation
between historiographical Theory and Praxis in Diodorus Siculus’ “Library of History” by the National Science
Centre, Poland (2019/32/C/HS3/00114).

dc.subject

value: Diodorus Siculus

value: Polybius

value: Plutarch

value: eparchy

value: province

value: Carthage

value: Sicily


dc.contributor.author

value: Garnier, Romain

dc.identifier.citation

value: Garnier R. Gr. ἄφρων [adj.] ‘senseless’: a Reassessment. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 50–56.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present article offers a reassessment of Hom. ἄφρων [adj.] ‘unreasonable, senseless, foolish’,
which is traditionally accounted for as an ablauting compound (of the type πατήρ : ἀπά-
τωρ) based on the simplex φρένες [f.pl.tant.] ‘midriff, diaphragm’ (+Il.). This archaic ablauting
pattern (viz. °φρων vs. simplex φρήν*) is totally unparalleled for body parts; besides, the Ancients’
interpretation of φρένες as ‘diaphragm’ is flawed. Φρονέω ‘to have (good) understanding
or intelligence’ is a back-formation coined after ἀφρονέω ‘to act senselessly, to be foolish’.
From zero-graded ἀφραίνω (via a synchronic reanalysis of -αίνω as a deverbative suffix of the
type °φαίνω), an adverb *ἀφρα-δόν ‘senselessly, foolishly’ was eventually coined, which was
the starting point of a whole new group. From this group was reanalyzed a “new” synchronic
root √φραδ- ‘to heed, to consider’, reflected by Hom. φράζω. The lack of comparative evidence
for this sprawling word family leads the author to assume that Hom. ἄφρων [adj.] ‘senseless,
fool, heedless’ is in fact the reflex of a PIE etymon *ń ̥ -gʷʱr(h1)-on- ‘without sense of smell, not
able of scenting’, from PIE *gʷʱreh1- ‘to smell’ (cf. Ved. jí-ghr-a- < *gʷʱí-gʷʱr(h1)-V-). This verbal
compound of the type νήφων [*-on-adj.] ‘sober’ (< PIE *ń̥ -h1gʷʱ-on- ‘not having drunk’) would
have been eventually reanalyzed as a privative bahuvrīhi (viz. ‘lacking φρένες’).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: PIE verbal compounds

value: reanalysis

value: back-formations

value: Homeric phraseology

value: universal semantics


dc.contributor.author

value: Spieralska, Beata

dc.identifier.citation

value: Spieralska B. Relative Absoluteness: The Case of Participial Clauses in Latin. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 90–99.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of this article is to reopen the investigation of the ablative absolute in Latin and to
analyse this construction and its use from one angle, namely, the coreferentiality rules. The
examples for analysis have been taken from the Gallic Wars. As has been noticed before, in
several works, the use of the absolute construction in texts written by classical authors, such
as Caesar or Cicero, allows us to formulate a rule concerning its coreferentiality. As far as the
syntactical coreferentiality is concerned, the classical rule requires an absolute construction
to be — unsurprisingly — absolute, i. e., non-coreferential. This rule seems to be increasingly
ignored by later authors. However, a deeper analysis taking into account not only syntactical
but also semantical coreferentiality shows that the absoluteness of the construction is not so
absolute after all, even in classical Latin. The examples of such use of the ablativus absolutus
may be seen as forerunners of the change that occurred between classical and late Latin. The
author proposes a hypothesis that an independent but similar development of the use of absolute
constructions in different languages may suggest that there is a kind of interlinguistic
tendency to substitute nominal phrases for subordinate clauses, especially in spoken language.

dc.subject

value: absolute constructions

value: coreferentiality

value: nominal phrase

value: conjunct participle

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernysheva, Vlada A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernysheva V. On the Confusion of the Terms dualis and communis in Cledonius. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 100–105.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article attempts to provide an interpretation of a passage on the noun number written by
the 5th-century grammarian Cledonius who composed a lemmatised commentary on Donatus’
Ars minor and Ars maior. The passage discussed here is a part of the explanation regarding
the noun categories in Ars minor: Numerus, qui unum et plures demonstrat: et communis est
numerus, qui et dualis dicitur apud Graecos, ut species facies res. (GL V 10. 19–20). Cledonius’
text confuses two terms dualis and communis, which normally signify different linguistic phenomena.
Tim Denecker, whose article covers the history of the term dualis in Latin grammatical
treatises, argues that dualis in this passage is indicating a pair and is equated to communis.
The aim of the present work is to explain why these two terms have been confused. When
comparing Greek and Latin, the Roman grammarians Charisius, Diomedes, Priscian, and
Macrobius highlighted the absence of the dual number from Latin, whereas Donatus added it
to the singular and plural exemplifying it with two nomina — duo and ambo. Having analysed
all of Cledonius’ passages on dualis and communis and compared them with the original text
of Donatus, one may notice that Cledonius did not make comments on Donatus’ observations
concerning the dual number of duo and ambo. In the author’s view, the grammarian may have
opined that the Latin language had no dual number at all, so that in his commentary Latin
communis is juxtaposed to Greek dualis and both are opposed to singular and plural.

dc.subject

value: category of number

value: dual number

value: Latin linguistics

value: Roman grammarians

value: history of linguistics

value: Cledonius


dc.contributor.author

value: Hoffmann, Roland

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hoffmann R. The “Kühner-Stegmann” of 1914 and the “Oxford Latin Syntax” of 2015 and 2021: Comparing Two Examples of a Latin syntax of Different Times and Different Approaches. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 138–157.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Comparing the grammars of so-called dead languages is particularly fascinating. The article
compares two syntactic accounts from completely different time periods — a traditional and
still well-known one from the 19th century and a modern one that has currently been published:
the syntactic part of the “Ausführliche Grammatik der Lateinischen Sprache” by Raphael
Kühner from 1878 and 1879, and the “Oxford Latin Syntax” by Harm Pinkster from
2015 and 2021. First, the general concepts are introduced: Karl Ferdinand Becker’s theory of
the three syntactic relations (2.1), S. H. A. Herling’s theory of the equivalence of sentence parts
and subordinate clauses (2.2), as well as the modern functional approaches of the theory of the
simple clause (3.1) and the complex sentence (3.2). Six differences between the two Latin syntactic
concepts are discussed. Three common aspects are taken into consideration, namely the
corpus-based approach, the restriction to a single language, and the purely descriptive method
as opposed to a normative or more formal approach. Among the results, it is concluded that
both grammatical systems of the Latin syntax are legitimate and both should be used to address
questions concerning Latin syntax.

dc.language.iso

value: de

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 1

value: argument

value: clause

value: corpus

value: functional approach

value: functional grammar

value: satellite

value: sentence relation (predicative, attributive, objective)

value: syntax (of Latin)

value: typology

dc.title

size: 1 MB


dc.contributor.author

value: Arzhanov, Yury

dc.identifier.citation

value: Arzhanov Yu. A Fragment of the Syriac Translation of Aristotle’s Poetics Preserved by Jacob Bar Shakko. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 117–137.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The fragment of the Syriac translation of Aristotle’s Poetics preserved by Jacob (Severus) Bar
Shakko (d. 1241) comprises Poet. VI 1449b24–1450a10. In spite of its small size, it serves as an
important witness both to the Greek text of the Poetics, and to the reception of this work in the
Christian Orient and, later on, in the Muslim world. The fragment derives from a translation,
which most likely appeared in West Syriac circles in the 7th/8th centuries AD and later served
as the basis for the Arabic translation of the Poetics made by Abū Bishr Mattā ibn Yūnus in
the 10th century. The present article includes a new edition of the Syriac text preserved by Bar
Shakko, which is based on the collation of six manuscripts and is accompanied by an English
translation. The article also provides a detailed analysis of the Syriac fragment as compared to
the transmitted Greek text of the Poetics, on the one hand, and to the Arabic translation of it by
Abū Bishr, on the other. This comparison allows an assumption that the Syriac version is most
likely based on a Greek manuscript, which may have contained glosses and scholia. A Greek
and Syriac glossary is attached at the end of the article.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research which led to this article has been supported by the European Research Council under
grant agreement no. 679083. I am very grateful to Prof. Michael Pozdnev for inviting me to contribute to his
project “Thesaurus criticus to Aristotle’s Poetics” and for his most helpful critique of this article.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Aristotle’s Poetics

value: Syriac translation from the Greek

value: Arabic translations from the Syriac

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sergeev, Mikhail

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sergeev M. Philology and the History of Words: Some Notes on the Humanists’ Etymological Argumentation. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 106–116.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article concerns the influence of humanist scholarship on sixteenth-century etymological
practices, testified in the Neo-Latin reference works and special treatises on linguistics and
history. Being an important part of historical research, which relied mostly on Greek and
Latin literary sources, etymology could not but adopt some important principles and instruments
of contemporary philological work, notably on the source criticism. The foremost rule
was to study the sources in their original language, form, and eliminate any corrupted data as
well as any information not attested in written sources. This presumed that every text had its
own written history, which tended to be a gradual deterioration of its state, represented in the
manuscript tradition that was subject to scribal errors and misinterpretations. This view on
the textual history was strikingly consonant with that on the history of languages, which was
treated by the humanists as permanent corruption and inevitable degeneration from the noble
and perfect state of their ancient ancestors. In an effort to restore the original text, philology
used emendation as a cure for scribal abuse and textual losses; likewise, language historians
had their own tool, namely etymology, to reconstruct and explain the original form of words
(including the nomenclature of various sciences). The intersection of both procedures is taken
into account in the article and it demonstrates how textual conjectures, manuscript collation,
and graphical interpretation of misreadings were employed by the sixteenth-century scholars
to corroborate their etymological speculations, which established themselves as one of the
ways of the reception and criticism of classical scholarly heritage.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by RFBR (project No. 20-012-00357).

dc.language.iso

value: fr

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: history of philology

value: etymology

value: reception of antiquity

value: 16th century

value: Neo-Latin handbooks

value: textual criticism

value: humanism

value: Latin

value: German


title: A Dozen Lucretian Emendations

dc.contributor.author

value: Butterfield, David

dc.identifier.citation

value: Butterfield D. A Dozen Lucretian Emendations. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 158–169.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, twelve new emendations are offered on the text of Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura.
At 1.454 non tactus is proposed for the unparalleled intactus; at 2.99 et partim is suggested
for the awkward pars etiam; at 2.258 quomque (late-Republican cumque) is advanced for
quemque; at 2.615 the metrically problematic inuenti sint is altered to inueniantur; at 2.733 the
unique use of nigrant is dispensed with by reading the expected nigra sunt; at 3.267 et tamen is
made more naturally adversarial as at tamen; at 3.774 ne fessa is altered to the more Lucretian
defessa (reading ne for et earlier in the line); at 4.160 the unusual feminine celer (his) is altered
to (his) celeris; at 4.306 (331) the difficult gerund insinuando is changed to the gerundive insinuandis;
at 4.318 (343) multisque is replaced with the more idiomatic multoque; at 5.323 the
stark phrase deminui debet recreari is reordered as debet deminui et recreari; finally, at 6.266
uementes is read for the otiose uenientes. The discussion proceeds on the basis of the universally
accepted stemma, namely that the three Carolingian manuscripts (O, Q, S) are the sole
manuscripts with textual authority. The more than fifty surviving Renaissance manuscripts
ultimately derive from O, but they remain a fertile source for conjectures.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Lucretius

value: transmission

value: Latin poetry

value: metre

value: Epicurean philosophy

dc.title

value: A Dozen Lucretian Emendations

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rosół, Rafał

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rosół R. “The Messengers are Called Sangandai”: the Greek σαγγάνδης and its Relationship to ἀσγάνδης/ἀστάνδης. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 40–49.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines the Greek noun σαγγάνδης ‘messenger’ which is attested in two lexica,
dated to the Roman or early Byzantine periods: the Cambridge Rhetorical Lexicon by an
anonymous author and Difficult Words in the Attic Orators by Claudius Casilo. In both works,
σαγγάνδης appears together with three words of likely Iranian provenance: ὀροσάγγης ‘benefactor
of the Persian king; bodyguard’, παρασάγγης ‘parasang; messenger’ and ἄγγαρος ‘messenger,
courier; workman, labourer’. The word σαγγάνδης is analysed in comparison with
ἀσγάνδης/ἀστάνδης ‘messenger’ occurring for the first time in Plutarch’s works and closely
linked to the Achaemenid administration. According to the hypothesis put forward in the
present paper, both σαγγάνδης and ἀσγάνδης (with its secondary variant ἀστάνδης) are connected
to Manichaean Middle Persian/Parthian ižgand ‘messenger’, Sogdian (a)žγand/(ɔ)
žγand/ž(i)γant ‘id.’, Jewish Aramaic ʾîzgaddā ‘id.’, Syriac izgandā/izgaddā ‘id.’, Mandaic ašganda
‘helper, assistant, servant; the Messenger’, and go back to Old Persian *zganda- or to early
Middle Persian/early Parthian *žgand- (or *zgand-) with the original meaning ‘mounted messenger’.
The reconstructed noun is derived from the Proto-Iranian root *zga(n)d- ‘to go on,
gallop, mount’, attested in Avestan (Younger Avestan zgaδ(/θ)- ‘to go on horseback, gallop’)
and in some Middle and Modern Iranian languages. The original form of the loanword in
Greek was probably *σγάνδης which then underwent certain transformations.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: etymology

value: foreign words in Greek

value: Iranian loanwords

value: Greek lexicography


dc.contributor.author

value: Kaczyńska, Elwira

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kaczyńska E. Considerations on Two Сruces Philologorum (Ael. NA 15, 25). Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 32–39.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present article aims to elucidate an interesting narrative that forms a portion of Aelian’s
paradoxographic work Περὶ ζῴων ἰδιότητος (On the Characteristics of Animals, Lat. De natura
animalium). The passage under discussion describes some horned animals of oriental origin
that were involved in the annual fighting contests during a one-day competition held on the
initiative of a “great king of India” — probably Chandragupta (4th–3rd c. BC), the founder
of the Maurya dynasty. Aelian’s chapter (NA 15, 15) was perhaps taken from Megasthenes’s
Ἰνδικά (Description of India). The passage includes two hapax legomena referring to two species
of animals: †μέσοι† and †ὕαιναι†. The first of these should be identified with the Ladakh
urial (Ovis orientalis vignei Blyth); cf. Prasun məṣé ‘ram, urial’ (< Vedic mēṣá- m. ‘ram’). Aelian’s
exact description of the horned animals called †ὕαιναι† clearly demonstrates that the alleged
“striped hyena” (Gk. ὕαινα) must represent the chinkara, i. e., the Indian gazelle (Gazella
bennettii Sykes). The Indo-Aryan term for ‘chinkara’ (Ved. hariṇá- m ‘Indian gazelle’, hariṇī́- f.
‘female gazelle’; cf. Pa. and Pk. hariṇa- m., hariṇī- f.) suggests that the corrupted form in Aelian’s
passage should be emended as ὑάριναι [hyárinai]. This seems a near-optimal adaptation
of the Pali or Prakrit appellative háriṇā pl. ‘chinkaras’.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The present article is part of the research project entitled Greek-Oriental contacts in a comparative
perspective, financed by the scholarly development fund of the Faculty of Philology, University of Lodz.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: animal terminology

value: borrowings

value: Greek scientific literature

value: Greek vocabulary

value: hapax legomena

value: language contact

value: Middle Indo-Aryan languages


dc.contributor.author

value: Foortai, Francisca

dc.identifier.citation

value: Foortai, Francisca. “Pier Paolo Pasolini and His Myth: ‘The Trilogy of Life’ Half a Century Later”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 50–68.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article attempts to analyze Pasolini’s great trilogy, which includes the films “Decameron”,
“Canterbury Tales”, and “Flower of the Thousand and One Nights”, taking into account the distance
of half a century. This article shows the multi-layered nature of a great work of art, which
serves as the basis for different understandings and evaluations of these works that took place
during the life of Pasolini and decades after his tragic and mysterious death. The article also
draws attention to difference in the methods of artistic expression between the elements of the
literary image (phonemes) and cinematic visuality (kinemas), with which Pasolini experimented.
Not agreeing with the established point of view that compares the “Trilogy of Life” with
Dante’s division of hell, purgatory, and paradise, the author believes that Pasolini’s films based on
literary works are not correctly considered as analogies with the metaphysical, “vertical” journey
of Dante to the postmortem worlds. On the contrary, the movements in Pasolini’s trilogy —
South, North-West, East — are “horizontal”, terrestrial, and even chronologically almost identical.
Pasolini’s “Trilogy of Life” is rather three life modules that a person meets, in which “Decameron”
is everyday life in its relationship with art (we see a similar situation in “Andrey Rublev”
by A. Tarkovsky). “Canterbury Tales” is an expression of the joy of life associated with the comical
nature of human corporeality. “Flower of the Thousand and One Nights” is a dream or tale
about conquering love, in the entourage of the charming East, seen through the eyes of a European.
This is why these films can rightly be called the “Trilogy of Life”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 1

value: Italian cinema

value: Pier Paolo Pasolini

value: “Trilogy of life”

value: marginal-passionary

value: phonemes

value: kinemas

value: film image

value: philosophy of life

value: auteur cinema

value: semiotics of cinema

dc.type

value: Article


title: Guest editors’ note

dc.identifier.citation

value: Moskwa, Leopold , Novikov, Andrej A., Rytelewska, Aleksandra. 2021. Guest editors’ note. Pravovedenie 65 (1): 3–5

dc.description.abstract

value: Guest editors’ note

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 65; Issue 1


title: Commercial law in Poland: Partnerships

dc.contributor.author

value: Moskwa, Leopold

dc.identifier.citation

value: Moskwa, Leopold. 2021. Commercial law in Poland: Partnerships. Pravovedenie 65 (1): 76–105.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Commercial law has lost its status as a branch of law separate from civil law and currently forms
only a specialised part of it. The key criterion for distinguishing commercial law is the entrepreneur
in the sense that commercial law is “the private law of entrepreneurs”. Due to their key
importance on the market, commercial law companies occupy a special place among entrepreneurs
and therefore there are attempts to make these forms of business activity as attractive as
possible. The same applies to partnerships. Therefore, the following legislative efforts should
be noted. Owing to the introduction of the Commercial Companies Code in 2001, partnerships
gained legal capacity, but were not equipped with legal personality, and continued to be considered
“imperfect” legal persons. Consequently, although they may acquire rights and incur
liabilities, unlike legal persons, they are tax “transparent”, which means that they are not subject
to income tax. The adoption of the principle of subsidiary liability of partners for the obligations
of a partnership has become an important step and it strengthens the position of partners. This
means that the creditor of a partnership may only conduct enforcement from the partners’ assets
when the enforcement against the partnership’s assets proves ineffective. As a result, as
long as the claims of the partnership’s creditors can be satisfied from the partnership’s assets,
the partners are not in danger of being held liable for the partnership’s obligations. The introduction
of two new types of partnerships into the Polish legal system, namely the professional
partnership and a limited joint-stock partnership is of great importance. The former is intended
only for professionals and regulates the liability of a partner for the company’s obligations in
a very favourable manner. The partner is liable in a limited manner, i. e., solely for malpractice
committed by himself or by persons under his supervision. In turn, a limited joint-stock partnership
was introduced to protect entrepreneurs (general partners in spe) who intend to recapitalise
on the enterprise which usually has an established position on the market, by issuing shares,
without exposing themselves to the danger of the so-called hostile takeover.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: commercial law

value: entrepreneur

value: partnership

value: general partnership

value: professional partnership

value: limited partnership

value: limited joint-stock partnership

dc.title

value: Commercial law in Poland: Partnerships


dc.contributor.author

value: Grykiel, Jarosław

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grykiel, Jarosław. 2021. The key institutions regulated in book one (the General part) of the Polish Civil Code. Pravovedenie 65 (1): 22–45.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this article is to provide a brief description of selected issues from the General
part of the Polish Civil Code which regulates a number of general institutions applicable in
all other areas of civil law, especially in property law, the law of obligations, inheritance law or
family law, and also in other parts of widely understood private law including commercial law
or intellectual property law. Firstly, the article presents the definition and a general overview
of the subjects of civil law (individuals, legal persons, including the State Treasury, limited liability
companies and joint stock companies, cooperatives, foundations, universities or local
government units, and finally the so called “statutory” persons). Then, the author turns to the
definition and general overview of the objects of civil law relationships (especially tangibles and
intangibles, movables and immovables, things specified as to their identity and things specified
as to their kind, and finally the enterprise being an organized complex of tangible and intangible
assets). The last part of the article deals with the construction of representation in civil law
transactions (including representation by a company’s body, by a proxy and the construction
of joint mixed representation), the main principles of representation, the legal consequences
of improper representation, the particular forms of acts in law (such as the document form, the
ordinary written form, the electronic form, the written form with a certified date, the written form
with certified signatures, and the notarial deed) and different consequences of not complying
therewith (ad solemnitatem, ad eventum and ad probationem).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: civil law

value: subjects of civil law

value: objects of civil law relationships

value: company’s body

value: proxy

value: forms of acts in law


dc.contributor.author

value: Mularski, Krzysztof

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mularski, Krzysztof. 2021. Selected institutions of the General part of the Polish Civil Code. Pravovedenie 65 (1): 6–21.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article first outlines the basic features of Polish legal culture from the perspective of the
philosophy of law and theory of law. Polish legal culture is quite commonly described as moderately
positivist. The validity of natural law, and especially the superiority of the norms of natural
law over the norms of positive law, is not recognized, however, the legislature requires that
moral considerations be taken into account in the process of enacting, interpreting and applying
the law. It has been emphasized that Polish legal culture has created very advanced tools
enabling an almost algorithmic interpretation of regulations. However, the practice differs quite
significantly from the theory. The article then provides an overview of selected institutions of the
General part of the Polish Civil Code: subjective rights (with a particular emphasis on the abuse
thereof), civil-law protection of personal interests, acts in law (with a particular emphasis on
the capacity to perform acts in law, making declarations of intent, interpretation of declarations
of intent and defects of declarations of intent), procedures for concluding contracts, conditions,
time limit and limitations of claims. The Civil Code can be described as a creative, original
compilation of regulations adopted from the Napoleon Code, the German Civil Code and the
Austrian Civil Code. The institution of the abuse of subjective rights resembles, at least in terms
of the terminology used in the Code, solutions known from Soviet law; other institutions, not
taking into account their specific features, fall within the “standard” European legal solutions.
The article also presents the most important ruling of the Supreme Court, which determines the
practice of applying some of the provisions that constitute the above-mentioned institutions.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 65; Issue 1

value: Polish Civil Code

value: rights

value: abuse of rights

value: legal action

value: procedures for concluding contracts

value: conditions

value: deadlines

value: statute of limitations

dc.type

value: Article


title: Property law in Poland

dc.contributor.author

value: Szadkowski, Karol

dc.identifier.citation

value: Szadkowski, Karol. 2021. Property law in Poland. Pravovedenie 65 (1): 46–61.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the basic issues of Polish property law. In particular, it briefly addresses
all types of rights in rem, i. e., ownership, perpetual usufruct, usufruct, easements (servitudes),
pledge, co-operative ownership right of real estate, and mortgages. Emphasis is given to the
pluralism of the sources of property law in Poland, on the one hand, and the presence of the
numerus clausus principle in it, on the other hand. The difference between possession as a
factual state and a real right is highlighted. The objective tendency to split the single concept of
ownership into various forms of this right, which are meaningfully far apart from each other is
described. It is noted that there is a clear differentiation in Polish law between binding contracts
and causal dispositive transactions, as well as the assumption of transactions with a double
effect (both binding and dispositive), which turns the system of transfer of real estate ownership
into a consensual one. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the ownership
right passes to the acquirer as a result of the conclusion of the contract even before the corresponding
registration of the transfer of title in the public register, which, thus, has a declarative
character. Attention is also given to serious legal restrictions on the acquisition of real estate by
foreigners. Furthermore, the article discusses the general trends in the development of Polish
property law, inter alia digitization of land and mortgage registers, adjusting the system of mortgage
lending to the needs of a developed market economy, regulation of the rapidly expanding
housing market, as well as increasing restrictions on real estate trading and regulation of legal
titles to real estate on which transmission facilities are located.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: property law

value: immovable property

value: ownership

value: perpetual usufruct

value: usufruct

value: servitudes

value: pledge

value: mortgage

value: land and mortgage registers

dc.title

value: Property law in Poland


dc.contributor.author

value: Haberko, Joanna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Haberko, Joanna. 2021. The admissibility of disinheritance and testamentary freedom. Pravovedenie 65 (1): 123–135.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article highlights the principles of inheritance law in the Polish legal system. Specific emphasis
is placed on testamentary freedom, appointment to inheritance only on the grounds of
two titles and a limited number of statutory heirs. The author analyzes the consequences that
the drawing up of a will may have for the persons closest to the testator. The subject of the considerations
is both the nature of a legal act which is a will, the requirement of the form of wills
and the admissibility of testamentary dispositions. Attention is paid to the admissibility of disinheritance
and its effects. The text aims to answer the question whether depriving descendants,
spouses and parents of the legitimate portion extends or restricts the testamentary freedom.
The adopted legislative structure assumes that everyone who has the testamentary capacity,
full legal capacity, may draw up a will. The act does not limit in any manner who can be appointed
as the testamentary heir or the extent of such appointment. The testator is free to decide
whether and when a will is to be drawn up. It is an expression of the principle of testamentary
freedom. Anyone who has full capacity to act lawfully may exercise this freedom to make a will
or not. However, if a person exercises this freedom, the scope and form of dispositions made
depend solely on this person. Testamentary freedom is expressed in certain ways. Firstly, by
making a will, a testator may change the statutory inheritance, appoint whomever they want
and are not limited in terms of shares. Secondly, a testator may exclude certain persons from
inheritance. The negative will and disinheritance serve this purpose.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: inheritance

value: will

value: testamentary freedom

value: legitimate portion

value: disinheritance


dc.contributor.author

value: Olejniczak, Adam

dc.identifier.citation

value: Olejniczak, Adam. 2021. Law of obligations in Poland: Selected issues. Pravovedenie 65 (1): 62–75.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides a brief overview of the Polish law of obligations. In particular, the main
sources of obligations are briefly presented, i. e., contracts, torts and unjust enrichment. Special
attention is paid to mutual obligations, joint and several obligations, pecuniary obligations
and obligations deriving from consumer contracts. The article discusses the legal instrument
for concluding a contract such as preliminary contract, and also performance, discharge and
remedies for breach of contract. In particular, the consequences of delay in the performance of
an obligation and the types of such delay are considered. The author pays special attention to
the issues of liability for non-performance of obligations, in particular, compensation for losses
from non-performance. The article reveals the content of the pacta sunt servanda principle
in Polish law and the existing exceptions to this rule. Such a method for the termination of an
obligation is specifically considered, in addition to its performance, as a set-off. The author
presents different measures that may discipline the parties to perform the obligation, such as
contractual penalties and earnest money deposit. Finally, the article addresses the notion of
damage, principles of liability and obligation to compensate. When describing the obligations
from unjustified enrichment, special attention is paid to the fact that the loss of enrichment excludes
its reclamation from the enriched person if he lost the enrichment without knowing about
the obligation’s existence. In regard to tort law, it is emphasized that there are cases of innocent
liability for causing harm in Polish law as an exception to the general rule. Only illegal actions
or omissions can be qualified as guilty and entail responsibility. Polish law does not recognize
the general obligation to refrain from causing harm. The culpability of misconduct is presumed.
In some cases, the behavior cannot be recognized as illegal, even if it violates the general prohibition
established by law. In particular, this concerns causing harm in the case of necessary
defense, extreme necessity, permissible self-help and in a number of other cases.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: obligations

value: contract

value: breach of contract

value: liability

value: unjust enrichment

value: set-off

value: tort

value: loss

value: causation

value: damages

dc.type

value: Article


title: Companies in Polish law

dc.contributor.author

value: Mataczyński, Maciej

value: Rycerski, Adrian

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mataczyński, Maciej, Rycerski, Adrian. 2021. Companies in Polish law. Pravovedenie 65 (1): 106–122.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article outlines key features of the two types of companies that exist in Polish law —
a limited liability company (spółka z organiczoną odpowiedzialnością, społka z o. o.) and a
joint-stock company (spółka akcyjna, S. A.). However, the work does not consider the matters
of a simple joint-stock company (prosta spółka akcyjna, P. S. A.) also endowed with legal
personality. Due to its specificity, a simple joint-stock company deserves a completely separate
and complex analysis. The features of both companies are presented in a comparative form
to show the main differences and similarities between the two. In particular, the authors discuss
the incorporation procedure, the issues related to the deed of incorporation, requirements
regarding share capital, and the rights and duties of shareholders. The article also presents
the features of governing bodies and particular issues related to the abovementioned matters,
such as pre-emptive right, share certificates and many more. The differences between a limited
liability company and a joint-stock company are mainly due to the fact that the former exhibits
many features of a partnership, meanwhile a joint-stock company fully embodies the essence
of a capital company. There are also many similarities. For instance, both a limited liability company
and a joint-stock company cannot be formed solely by a single-member limited liability
company. In the opinion of the authors of the article, the approach taken to the subject matter
should be of interest and useful for the reader. It should also help to select the most favorable
business model under Polish law. The article provides an analysis of the current legal situation
as well as the newest amendments to Polish company law (related to capital companies).
Special attention should be paid to dematerialization of shares which have revolutionized the
perception of the shares and the rules governing the disposal of shares.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 65; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: limited liability company

value: joint-stock company

value: company

value: shares

value: management board

value: supervisory board

value: general meeting of shareholders

dc.title

value: Companies in Polish law


dc.contributor.author

value: Ipateva, I. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ipateva I. A. 2023. Perishable inventory management in manufacturing during logistics disruptions. Russian Management Journal 21 (1): 39–65. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2023.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Goal: to analyze the features of the perishable raw materials management at a manufacturing
enterprise, determine the key factors affecting the inventory management efficiency and, in
accordance with them, adapt the classical model for determining the optimal delivery batch.
Methodology: an empirical study of the factors was carried out using a critical analysis of the
scientific literature; model formalization was implemented using mathematical methods for
modeling rational systems in accordance with the algorithm for formulating optimization models,
converted for perishable raw materials. Findings: key themes of model modifications for
manufacturing enterprises were identified; the required model is formulated; a numerical experiment
was carried out and the sensitivity of the model parameters was revealed, the results
of which can be applied to improve inventory management strategies in other sectors of the
national economy. Originality and contribution of the author: for the first time in Russia,
this study presents an adapted model for determining the optimal delivery lot, which simultaneously
takes into account such parameters as the susceptibility of the stock to quality deterioration
processes, the likelihood of failures and breakdowns at the supply stage, the possibility
of shortages under scenarios with delayed full or partial satisfaction, as well as with the
application of the strategy of acceptance of this risk by the enterprise.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 21; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: manufacturing

value: shortage

value: disruptions

value: losses

value: perishable stock

value: EOQ model

value: optimal delivery lot


dc.contributor.author

value: Tserpitskaya, Olga L.

value: Iakovov, Daniil V. (priest)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tserpitskaya O. L., Iakovov D. V. Contemporary problems of missionary work among the Samoyedic peoples. Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 97–105.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines one of the most important traditions of the Samoyedic peoples,
which complicates the mission of the Russian Orthodox Church — the consumption
of fresh blood of a young deer. This tradition refers to the practice of sacrifice,
so it cannot be fully accepted by the Church as there is a canonical prohibition
against consuming blood. As a result, a problem arises that hinders a successful mission
among the Samoyedic peoples and impedes the growth of the Church. Despite
the ban, there is also a modern medical assessment on the use of animal blood by
humans, according to which a certain benefit of blood as a nutritional element is
recognized. The state, in turn, is interested in maintaining the traditional way of life of the Nenets. It can be stated that the ban penetrated into new Testament Christianity
under the influence of Judeo-Christians. The purpose of this article is to
examine the effectiveness of missionary activity among the Samoyed peoples and to
identify the possibility of missionary reception in light of the cultural tradition. The
authors propose a new strategy for missionary work among the Samoyed people,
which will be feasible if the Council of Bishops will consider relaxing the canonical
prohibitions for the Samoyeds.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 3; Issue 1

value: mission

value: nutrition

value: blood

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: missionary work

value: small peoples

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Багаев, Алексей Анатольевич

value: Гельфрейх, Наталья Георгиевна

dc.identifier.citation

value: А.А.Багаев, Н.Г.Гельфрейх Задачи по теории вероятностей: независимые и некоррелированные дискретные случайные величины. СПб.: СПбГУ, 2021

dc.description.abstract

value:
В данном учебно-методическом пособии приведены 30 задач по частному разделу теории вероятностей, касающемуся таких понятий, как независимость и некоррелированность случайных величин и соотношения между ними. Все рассматриваемые случайные величины устроены максимально
просто --- принимают по три значения. Это сделано для того, чтобы вычисления не были избыточно громоздкими и не подменяли собой понимание сути вопроса. Изложена вся необходимая для решения данного типа задач теория, для чего, в свою очередь, кратко приведены основные
сведения из общей теории вероятностей. Также подробно рассмотрены примеры и ситуации, которые могут возникать при решении таких задач. Для всех задач приведены ответы. Пособие может быть использовано на практических занятиях обучающихся на основных образовательных
программах по уровню бакалавриат <<Инженерно-ориентированная физика>> и <<Прикладные физика и математика>> по направлению <<Прикладные математика и физика>>, <<Физика>> по направлению <<Физика>>, <<Электромагнитные и акустические процессы>> по направлению
<<Радиофизика>> Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета. Также задачи можно предлагать экзаменующимся по учебной дисциплине <<Теория вероятностей>>.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет

dc.subject

value: теория вероятностей, случайные величины, независимость, некоррелированность

dc.title

value: Learning Object

filename: Багаев_Гельфрейх_Задачи по теории вероятностей_2021_исправлено.pdf


title: Выставка «Ко Дню защитника Отечества – В. А. Корнилов»

dc.description.abstract

value: Выставка посвящена 215-летию со дня рождения русского флотоводца  — Владимира Алексеевича Корнилова. Вице-адмирал, один из активных участников строительства Черноморского флота, герой Севастопольской обороны в 1854 г.

dc.type

value: Presentation


title: Выставка «Книгоиздатель и просветитель: 170 лет со дня рождения И. Д. Сытина»


title: Заключение по проекту федерального закона «О внесении изменений  в Федеральный закон «Об образовании в Российской Федерации» в части регулирования стоимости платных образовательных услуг»

dc.description.abstract

value: Abstarct

dc.language.iso

value: other

dc.subject

value: госорганы

value: образование

value: платные услуги

value: образовательные услуги

value: регулирование стоимости

dc.title

value: Other

format: Microsoft Word


title: Экспертное заключение по Проекту федерального закона № 156687-7 «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации»  в части передачи судебными приставами-исполнителями обнаруженного ребенка, в отношении которого объявлен розыск в рамках исполнения требований исполнительных документов об отобрании и (или) о передаче ребенка, органам опеки и попечительства при невозможности немедленной передачи ребенка лицу, которому он по решению суда должен быть передан

dc.description.abstract

value: Abstract

dc.subject

value: судебный пристав

value: розыск

value: ребенок

value: органы опеки

value: попечительство

value: решение суда

format: Microsoft Word XML


title: Выставка «Ко дню основания Университета».


title: Предложения Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета к содержанию нормативных правовых актов, разрабатываемых Правительством Российской Федерации во исполнение Федерального закона от 8 декабря 2020 года № 412-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в статью 151 Федерального закона «О правовом положении иностранных граждан в Российской Федерации»

value: иностранные граждане

value: экзамен

value: русский язык

value: иностранный

value: правовое

value: положение

value: Российская Федерация


title: Precedents in Constitutional Courts

dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergei

dc.description.abstract

value: The presentation delivers some thought on interim results of research on precedents in constitutional courts over the world

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.title

value: Precedents in Constitutional Courts

filename: Presentation 03_02_2021.pptx

format: Microsoft Powerpoint XML

description: Lecture for students of Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur


title: Экспертное заключение к проекту постановления Пленума Верховного Суда Российской Федерации «О некоторых вопросах, возникающих в связи с применением судами антимонопольного законодательства»

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Верховный Суд

value: антимонопольное законодательство

value: применение

filename: Замечания к проекту постановления Пленума (Университет).docx


title: Заключение на проект Перечня видов разрешительной деятельности, на которые распространяется действие Федерального закона от 31 июля 2020 г. № 247-ФЗ «Об обязательных требованиях в Российской Федерации» (в части образовательной деятельности) и проект Заключения Рабочей группы

dc.description.abstract

value:
Заключение на проект Перечня видов разрешительной деятельности, на которые
распространяется действие Федерального закона от 31 июля 2020 г. № 247-ФЗ «Об
обязательных требованиях в Российской Федерации»(в части образовательной деятельности) и проект Заключения Рабочей группы

dc.type

value: Working Paper


title: Экспертное заключение по судебной практике, связанной с изменением правового режима супружеского имущества

dc.subject

value: правовой режим

value: супружеское имущество

value: судебная практика

value: нотариальная палата


dc.contributor.author

value: Громов, Андрей Львович

value: Дубова, Татьяна Петровна

dc.description.abstract

value: Эта книга является пособием для студентов по теме "Функциональные последовательности и ряды". Ключевым понятием этого раздела математического анализа является равномерная сходимость. Основная цель книги - помочь студентам освоить это понятие и приобрести навыки исследования последовательностей и рядов на равномерную сходимость.

dc.type

value: Learning Object

filename: Громов_Дубова_Функциональные последовательности и функциональные ряды.pdf


title: Выставка «195 лет со дня рождения М. Е. Салтыкова-Щедрина (1826-1889)»

dc.description.abstract

value:
27 января 1826 года родился русский писатель-сатирик, журналист, редактор журнала «Отечественные записки» -  Михаил Евграфович Салтыков-Щедрин.

Представляем вашему вниманию виртуальную выставку, посвященную юбилею писателя.

dc.title

value: Presentation


dc.contributor.author

value: Miroshnitchenko, Irina D

value: Burova, Irina G

value: Kostin, Vladimir A

dc.description.abstract

value: Methodical manual "Methodical notes to selected chapters of discrete mathematics. Part 2. Enumerative combinatorics on graphs" is intended for in-depth study of the programming section by students in the direction of computer and information sciences. The methodical manual is focused on the development of logical thinking among students, on illustrating the applications of the simplest methods of studying combinatorial objects and graphs that arise when evaluating the complexity of algorithms. Methodological materials will also be useful for students in other areas of bachelor's training who are interested in algorithmization and programming methods. The methodological guide includes consideration of interesting questions of the theory of enumeration of graphs, methods of proof, as well as exercises and tasks for independent work.

value:
Методическое пособие «Методические заметки к избранным главам дискретной математики. Часть 2. Перечислительная комбинаторика на графах» предназначено для углубленного изучения раздела программирования обучающимися по направлению компьютерные и информационные науки. Методическое пособие ориентировано на развитие у студентов логического мышления, на иллюстрацию применений простейших методов исследования комбинаторных объектов и графов, возникающих при оценке сложности алгоритмов.
Методические материалы будут также полезны обучающимся по другим направлениям подготовки бакалавров, которые проявляют интерес к методам алгоритмизации и программирования.
Методическое пособие включает рассмотрение интересных вопросов теории перечисления графов, приемы доказательств, а также упражнений и заданий для самостоятельной работы.

dc.publisher

value: Saint Petersburg University

dc.subject

value: discrete mathematics

value: дискретная математика

value: enumerative combinatorics

value: перечислительная комбинаторика

value: graph

value: граф

value: computer and information sciences

value: компьютерные и информационные науки

value: complexity of algorithms

value: сложность алгоритмов

value: algorithmization

value: алгоритмизация

value: programming

value: программирование

dc.title.alternative

value: МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАМЕТКИ К ИЗБРАННЫМ ГЛАВАМ  ДИСКРЕТНОЙ МАТЕМАТИКИ ЧАСТЬ 2.  ПЕРЕЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ КОМБИНАТОРИКА НА ГРАФАХ

dc.type

value: Book


dc.description.abstract

value: Methodological manual “Methodological notes to selected chapters of discrete mathematics. Part 1. Combinatorics of elementary set-theoretic objects” by I. G. Burova, V. A. Kostin, I. D. Miroshnichenko. is intended for in-depth study of programming students in the direction of computer and information sciences. The manual is focused on the development of students' logical thinking, on illustrating the applications of the simplest methods for studying elementary combinatorial objects that arise when estimating the complexity of algorithms. The manual offers exercises for independent work, indicates how to perform them and provides methodological comments.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: дискретная математика

value: set-theoretic objects

value: теоретико-множественные объекты

value: компьютерные и информационные науки

value: сложность алгоритмов

value: программирование

dc.title.alternative

value: МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАМЕТКИ К ИЗБРАННЫМ ГЛАВАМ  ДИСКРЕТНОЙ МАТЕМАТИКИ. ЧАСТЬ ПЕРВАЯ. КОМБИНАТОРИКА ЭЛЕМЕНТАРНЫХ ТЕОРЕТИКО-МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ

dc.description.altabstract

value:
Методическое пособие «Методические заметки к избранным главам дискретной математики. Часть первая. Комбинаторика элементарных теоретико-множественных объектов» предназначено для углубленного изучения разделов программирования обучающимися по направлению компьютерные и информационные науки.
Методическое пособие ориентировано на развитие у студентов логического мышления, на иллюстрацию применений простейших методов исследования комбинаторных объектов, возникающих при оценке сложности алгоритмов.
Методические материалы будут полезны тем обучающимся, которые проявляют интерес к методам алгоритмизации и программирования.


title: Выставка «Сражающийся Университет». Ко Дню полного освобождения Ленинграда от фашистской блокады.

dc.type

value: Presentation


title: Замечания  и  предложения  по  проекту  приказа  «Об  утверждении  порядка направления  лиц,  получивших  медицинское  или  фармацевтическое  образование  в иностранных  государствах,  на  сдачу  специального  экзамена»

dc.contributor.author

value: Гребенщиков, А.В.

value: Дивеева, Н.И.

value: Дмитрикова, Е.А.

dc.subject

value: специальный  экзамен

value: Working Paper


title: Выставка «К 130-летию со дня рождения Осипа Мандельштама (1891-1938)»


title: Экспертное заключение по проекту постановления Пленума Верховного Суда РФ «О некоторых вопросах разрешения споров о поручительстве»

dc.description.abstract

value: Abstract

value: госорганы

value: Верховный Суд

value: поручительство

value: Пленум

value: разрешение споров

dc.type

value: Other


title: Количественный анализ на основе  ядерного магнитного резонанса

dc.contributor.author

value: Куприянов, Павел А

value: Чижик, Владимир И

value: Чернышёв, Юрий С

dc.description.abstract

value:
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов, специализирующихся по «физике магнитных явлений» и «физике конденсированного состояния». Оно содержит основные сведения по ядер-ному магнитному резонансу (ЯМР) и методические указания для выполне-ния лабораторных работ по курсам, в которых излагаются теория и методика ядерного магнитного резонанса.
Пособие написано, исходя из опыта проведения лабораторных работ и чтения лекций по ЯМР для студентов бакалавриата и магистратуры на физическом факультете СПбГУ. Учебно-методическое пособие будет полезно также для специалистов в различных областях, которые применяют метод ЯМР в своих исследованиях.

dc.subject

value: ЯМР, ядерная магнитная релаксация, ЯМР-спектроскопия

dc.title

value: Learning Object

filename: Кол_анализ.pdf


title: Выставка «85 лет со дня рождения поэта Николая Рубцова».

dc.description.abstract

value: В этом году исполнилось 85 лет со дня рождения поэта Николая Рубцова (1936-1971). Представляем вашему вниманию виртуальную выставку, посвященную этой знаменательной дате.


title: Презентация книги В.Н. Малозёмов, С.М. Машарский "Элементарные методы в экстремальных задачах". Части 1-3.

dc.contributor.author

value: Малозёмов, Василий Николаевич

dc.type

value: Video

filename: 20210107 МалоземовВН Презентация книги Часть 1.mp4

format: MPEG

description: Презентация книги Часть 1

filename: 20210111 МалоземовВН Презентация книги Часть 3.mp4

description: Презентация книги Часть 3

filename: 20210108 МалоземовВН Презентация книги Часть 2.mp4

description: Презентация книги Часть 2


title: Практика программирования (приближённое вычисление интегралов) ФОРТРАН Второй семестр

dc.contributor.author

value: Шнейвайс, Александр Борисович

dc.description.abstract

value: Рассматриваются алгоритмы формул средних прямоугольников, трапеций, Симпсона, Гаусса, метода двойного пересчёта. Приводятся некоторые исходные тексты известных процедур расчёта узлов и весов гауссового типа и даются примеры их использования для расчёта интегралов. Приводятся результаты применения к расчёту интегралов адаптивной процедуры QUANC.

dc.subject

value: квадратурная формула, ФОРТРАН


title: ОБРАБОТКА СОЛНЕЧНЫХ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ НА РАДИОТЕЛЕСКОПЕ РАТАН-600

dc.contributor.author

value: Топчило, Николай Андреевич

dc.description.abstract

value:
В книге дано описание РАТАН-600 – крупнейшего в мире радиотелескопа сантиметрового диапазона длин волн, представлены его характеристики, аппаратура и методы наблюдения, применяющиеся в наблюдениях Солнца. Рассмотрены характеристики основных структур солнечной атмосферы, доступные для наблюдения на РАТАН-600, и механизмы их радиоизлучения. Дается описание экспериментальных методов их измерения.
Приведено подробное описание лабораторной работы по измерению параметров солнечных активных областей: порядок выполнения работы, используемое программное обеспечение и форма отчетности.
Пособие рассчитано на студентов, обучающихся по специальности "Астрономия". Пособие может быть использовано также студентами, обучающимися по направлению "Радиофизика", а также быть полезным специалистам, начинающим работать с данными солнечных наблюдений на РАТАН-600.

dc.publisher

value: СПбГУ

dc.subject

value: радиотелескоп

value: наблюдения Солнца

dc.title

filename: Обработка_солнечных_наблюдений_на_радиотелескопе_РАТАН-600_Топчило_Н.А.-2021.pdf

description: Учебное пособие по лабораторным практикумам

size: 6 MB


title: Элементы линейной алгебры. Пространство R^n и его линейные подпространства

dc.contributor.author

value: Веселовская, Алла Зеноновна

value: Шепелявая, Наталия Борисовна

dc.description.abstract

value:
В учебном пособии представлены основные сведения о пространстве R^n и его линейных подпространствах. Кроме классических тем  рассматриваются такие  важные для приложений задачи, как нахождение проекции вектора на линейное подпространство и приближенное решение несовместных систем линейных уравнений методом наименьших квадратов. Изложение ведется достаточно подробно, в доступной форме, иллюстрируется примерами, рисунками и задачами с решениями.
Пособие предназначено студентам нематематических специальностей, изучающим линейную алгебру.

value:
This study guide presents basic information about the R^n space and its linear subspaces. In addition to classic topics, important tasks for application are considered, such as finding the projection of a vector onto a linear subspace and the approximate solution of inconsistent systems of linear equations by the method of least squares. The material is presented in accessible form and with sufficient detail, and it is illustrated with examples, figures and exercises with solutions.
This guide is intended for students of non-mathematical specialties studying linear algebra.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: n-dimensional coordinate space

value: n-мерное координатное пространство

value: scalar product

value: скалярное произведение

value: linear dependence

value: линейная зависимость

value: linear subspace

value: линейное подпространство

value: basis

value: базис

value: projection of the vector

value: проекция вектора

value: the method of least squares

value: метод наименьших квадратов

dc.title.alternative

value: Elements of linear algebra. The R^n space and its linear subspaces

dc.type

value: Book

filename: Veselovskaya,Shepelyavaya The Rn space.pdf


title: Введение в модульное тестирование в Visual Studio C++

dc.contributor.author

value: Алимова Ольга Викторовна

dc.description.abstract

value:
Тестирование является неотъемлемой частью процесса разработки программы и позволяет смоделировать ситуации, при которых программный продукт перестает функционировать правильно. Помимо ручного тестирования применяется автоматизировенное тестирование, одной из разновидностей которого является модульное тестирование. К сожалению, в большей части материалов описываются либо общие принципы тестирования программного продукта, либо использование модульного тестирования для программ, имеющих сложные зависимости между отдельными частями кода.
В данной работе на примерах пошагово рассмотрен процесс создания модульных тестов, что позволяет познакомиться с основами модульного тестирования,  и в дальнейшем  примененять эти знания для автоматизированного тестирования учебных программ.

dc.subject

value: Модульное тестирование

value: юнит-тестирование


dc.contributor.author

value: Ефимова, Татьяна Александровна

dc.description.abstract

value:
Пособие предназначено для студентов нематематических специальностей, в частности
для студентов института наук о Земле, изучающих тему “Производная “, в качестве
дополнительной литературы. С его помощью студенты могут усвоить эту тему и
применить свои знания в изучении математических и специальных дисциплин.

dc.subject

value: производная, дифференциал, экстремум, точка перегиба

dc.title

value: Other

filename: Производная и ее применение к исследованию функций.pdf


title: Types of urban industrial zones' redevelopment: the case of St.Petersburg

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Голубева Анастасия Алексеевна

value: Golubeva Anastasia Alekseevna

dc.contributor.author

value: Воронцова Алина Сергеевна

value: Voroncova Alina Sergeevna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Соколова Екатерина Владимировна

value: Sokolova Ekaterina Vladimirovna

dc.description.abstract

value: Сегодня бывшие промышленные территории, прилегающие к центральной части Санкт-Петербурга, освоены приблизительно на 10%, из которых более 65% приходятся только на проекты жилищной застройки. Нарушается баланс социально-экономического развития города, что приводит к ухудшению качества жизни населения. Целью выпускной квалификационной работы стала разработка рекомендаций по выбору направлений развития промышленных территорий, основываясь на результатах практического изучения потребностей и образа жизни населения. Существующая тенденция активного жилищного строительства может привести к увлечению плотности застройки центральных и прилегающих к центру территорий, снижению стоимости возводимого жилья, а также к снижению инвестиционного потенциала Санкт-Петербурга. Застройка должна производиться с ориентацией на долгосрочную перспективу, чтобы сделать бывшую промышленную территорию благоприятной для инвестиций, и для этого важно привлекать жителей, изучать их потребности и выявлять те характеристики территории, которые могли бы увеличить ее привлекательность в глазах горожан. Участие населения в процессе редевелопмента может способствовать развитию ответственности и приверженности плану преобразования от имени жителей, а также рационализировать расходы бюджета на развитие городской среды, продвигая исключительно важные для петербуржцев проекты.

value:
Currently, the former urban industrial zones adjacent to the central part of St. Petersburg are developed by only about 10%, with more than 65% accounted for by housing development projects only. The balance of socio-economic development of the city is disrupted, thereby leading to a deterioration in the quality of life of the population. The purpose of the bachelor thesis is to develop recommendations to choose directions for industrial territories development. The recommendations emerge from the results of a practical study of populations’ needs and lifestyle. The current trend of active housing construction may lead to a decline in the density of development in the central and adjacent territories, in the cost of housing under construction and in the investment potential of St. Petersburg. The development should be carried out with a long-term perspective to make the former industrial area attractive for investment. Therefore, it is important to ensure residents' participation, study their needs and identify those characteristics which increase the attractiveness of the territory.
Public participation in the redevelopment process can enhance responsibility and commitment to the transformation plan on behalf of residents, as well as rationalize budget spending on the development of the urban environment, promoting projects only of a particular importance for St. Petersburg residents.

dc.subject

value: Городские промышленные территории

value: редевелопмент

value: общественное участие

value: инвестиционная привлекательность

value: уплотненная жилая застройка

value: общественные пространства.

value: Urban industrial zones

value: redevelopment

value: public participation

value: investment attractiveness

value: dense residential development

value: public spaces.

dc.title.alternative

value: Направления редевелопмента городских промышленных территорий (на примере Санкт-Петербурга)

description: Article

description: ReviewSV


title: Linear and non-linear models of a company's equity valuation

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Окулов Виталий Леонидович

value: Okulov Vitalij Leonidovic

dc.contributor.author

value: Ефременкова Маргарита Александровна

value: Efremenkova Margarita Aleksandrovna

dc.contributor.editor

value: Никулин Егор Дмитриевич

value: Nikulin Egor Dmitrievic

dc.description.abstract

value: Работа посвящена изучению различных подходов к оценке ценности капитала российских компаний. В рамках работы рассматриваются линейные и нелинейные модели оценки ценности капитала компаний, в частности линейная модель Ольсона, модель Дичева-Бургшталера и модель Эштона. Цель работы состоит в том, чтобы провести сравнительный анализ применения линейных и нелинейных моделей к оценке ценности капитала российских компаний. В ходе работы выявлены принципиальные различия рассматриваемых моделей, оценены параметры моделей на основе данных по российским компаниям, проведено сравнение полученных результатов на основе расчета невязок. Также проведен дополнительный анализ для трех подгрупп компаний, сформированных на основе различий в потенциале роста. В ходе анализа установлено, что применение нелинейных моделей к оценке ценности капитала дает более точные результаты по сравнению с использованием линейных моделей. Оценен вклад бухгалтерских переменных в формирование рыночной ценности, на основе модели Дичева-Бургшталера сделаны выводы о том, что у компаний с высоким потенциалом роста показатель прибыли является более значимым при формировании рыночной ценности фирмы.

value: This study investigates different approaches to a company`s equity valuation. The paper covers linear and non-linear models of company`s equity valuation, in particular Ohlson linear model, Dichev-Burgstahler model and Ashton model. The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of linear and non-linear models` implementation to company`s equity valuation. Fundamental differences of considered models are revealed, the parameters of the models are estimated based on data of Russian companies, and the results are compared based on the calculation of discrepancies. Additional analysis is carried out for three subgroups of companies with different growth potential. It is founded that non-linear models give more precise results of valuation in comparison with linear ones. Also, in this study value relevance of accounting variables is estimated, according to Dichev-Burgstahler model for high growth potential companies income is more relevant indicator than book value of equity.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Нелинейные модели

value: оценка ценности капитала

value: модель Ольсона

value: модель Дичева-Бургшталера

value: модель Эштона

value: потенциал роста

value: ценностная значимость бухгалтерских показателей

value: Non-linear models

value: equity valuation

value: Ohlson model

value: Dichev-Burgstahler model

value: Ashton model

value: growth potential

value: value relevance of accounting information

dc.title

value: Линейные и нелинейные модели оценки ценности капитала компании

description: Article

description: ReviewSV


title: Analysis of knowledge management systems in non-profit organisations in Saint Petersburg

dc.contributor.advisor

value: Благов Евгений Юрьевич

value: Blagov Evgenij Urevic

dc.contributor.author

value: Маньшин Александр Сергеевич

value: Mansin Aleksandr Sergeevic

dc.contributor.editor

value: Гаврилова Татьяна Альбертовна

value: Gavrilova Tatana Albertovna

dc.description.abstract

value: Данная работа исследует системы управления знаниями в некоммерческих организациях Санкт-Петербурга. По причине недостаточной изученности соответствующей области знаний, в обзоре литературы была приведена интерпретация элементов системы управления знаниями и различные модели, позволяющие оценить многочисленные факторы, которые в них входят. Для анализа систем управления знаниями было проведено 10 полуструктурированных полуторачасовых интервью с некоммерческими организациями Санкт-Петербурга разной направленности и разной организационной структуры. В итоге были описаны элементы системы управления знаниями в некоммерческих организациях Санкт-Петербурга, проведён анализ для выявления главных взаимосвязей и проблем, а также предложены рекомендации некоммерческим организациям по улучшению их систем управления знаниями.

value: This paper studies knowledge management systems in non-profit organisations in Saint Petersburg. Because of inappropriate level of knowledge in this field, literature review outlines and interprets different elements of knowledge management system and models, enabling the analysis of factors, affecting these elements. To analyse knowledge management systems 10 semi-structured hour and a half long interviews were conducted with non-profit organisations in Saint Petersburg of different activity sectors and organisational structures. As a result, all elements of knowledge management systems in non-profit organisations in Saint Petersburg were described, the analysis was conducted for identifying relationships and problems, and also recommendations were given to non-profit organisations on knowledge management systems improvement.

dc.subject

value: управление знаниями

value: система управления знаниями

value: некоммерческий сектор

value: knowledge management

value: knowledge management system

value: non-profit

dc.title.alternative

value: Анализ систем управления знаниями в некоммерческих организациях Санкт-Петербурга

description: Article

description: ReviewSV