dc.contributor.author

value: Schmidt, Ian A.

value: Kotina, Elena D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Schmidt I. A., Kotina E. D. Applying radiomics in computed tomography data analysis to predict sarcopenia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 376–390. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article presents an algorithm implementing a radiomics approach to processing computed
tomography (CT) data for diagnosing sarcopenia. The proposed method includes
region of interest extraction, automatic muscle segmentation using deep learning models,
extraction of radiomic features from CT-images, construction of correlation matrices, and
selection of criteria for classification. The results show that the obtained radiomic parameters
have a significant correlation with the presence of sarcopenia, allowing the construction
of accurate classification models based on machine learning. This approach can significantly
improve the diagnosis of sarcopenia, providing reliable non-invasive analysis methods.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: radiomics

value: texture analysis

value: machine learning

value: sarcopenia

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Kondurov, Viacheslav E.

value: Olennikov, Sergey M.

value: Dmitrikova, Ekaterina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kondurov V. E., Olennikov S. M., Dmitrikova E. A. Review of the monograph: Serkov P. P. Legal relationship (theory and practice of modern legal regulation): in 3 parts. Moscow: Norma Publ., 2018. Pravovedenie 68 (3): 428–434. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.307 (In Russian)

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 3


dc.contributor.author

value: Gao, Jingjing

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gao J. Competition for agents’ opinions in small dynamic systems with limited control. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 404–415. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.308

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper explores a competitive opinion dynamic system representing a social network
evolving over time. The agents compare their own opinions with the average ones and form
new opinions. There are players who control agents’ opinions in a social network, and their
aims are to make opinions in the society closer to the desired levels over a finite time horizon
by minimizing their costs. The feature of this model is that players can influence agents in a
limited number of time moments. We show how players can choose the moments of influence
from Pareto optimal set on numerical examples. The results of numerical simulations are
provided in the work.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The author acknowledges the financial support from China Scholarship Council.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: opinion competition game

value: Nash equilibrium

value: opinion dynamics

value: social network


dc.contributor.author

value: Touail, Youssef

dc.identifier.citation

value: Touail Y. Common fixed point results: New developments on commuting mappings and application in dynamic programming. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 366–375. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.305

dc.description.abstract

value:
Based on a class of semicontinuous functions, we prove a common fixed point theorem for
a pair of commuting mappings. As a consequence, we give another common fixed point for
the so-called weakly contractive mappings of type ET . The proven results are established in
the setting of bounded metric spaces without using neither the compactness nor the uniform
convexity. Some examples are built to demonstrate the superiority of the obtained results
compared to the existing ones in the literature. Furthermore, an application to a system of
functional equations arising in dynamic programming is given.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: сommon fixed point

value: weakly contractive maps of type ET

value: commuting maps

value: compactness

value: uniform convexity


dc.contributor.author

value: Burlakov, Vladimir N.

value: Marusin, Igor S.

value: Evstratova, Yuliana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Burlakov V. N., Marusin I. S., Evstratova Yu. A. Review on the book: White Book of Crimes of the Ukrainian Regime. Evidence of the Investigation / ed. by Dr. of Law, Prof. A. I. Bastrykin. Moscow, 2023. Pravovedenie 68 (3): 424–427. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.306 (In Russian)

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 3

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sukhomlin, Vladimir A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sukhomlin V. A. Analysis of research into the mathematical foundations of model- based systems engineering. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 350–365. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides an analysis of research into the mathematical foundations of model-based
systems engineering (MBSE, Model-Based Systems Engineering). Both the classical mathematical
theory of Wymore’s system design and modern research are considered, in particular,
the formalization of the semantics of the SysML language using automata theory, the use of
category theory as a formal mathematical basis for model-based system design, the study of
the possibilities of combining the theoretical basis of Wymore’s systems and the universal
Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) modeling formalism.

dc.subject

value: systems engineering

value: model-based systems engineering

value: finite state machines

value: semantics of the SysML language

value: tripartite theory

value: DEVS modeling

value: category theory in model-based systems engineering


dc.contributor.author

value: Sokurov, Aslan A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sokurov A. A. Numerical calculation of integrals in the density functional theory in the electron gas approximation using CUDA technology. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 335–349. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The expression for the potential energy of interaction of two neutral atoms in the absence of
a chemical bond consists of the sum of multiple and improper integrals. Due to the cumbersome
nature of the functions, finding these integrals in explicit form is not possible. Software
systems widely used in practice based on standard methods of computational mathematics
are also not capable of providing satisfactory accuracy in their numerical calculations in
a short time. In quantum chemistry and computational physics, the above greatly limits approaches
to modeling the properties and structures of atomic/molecular systems. You have
to rely on Monte-Carlo integration methods or formulas of the Gauss—Laguerre type, which
are not so effective in terms of accuracy. In this article, in relation to this problem, we propose
a method for transferring Newton—Cotes quadrature formulas to the architecture of
graphic processors. The features of such a transfer are discussed in detail, designed to eliminate
bottlenecks and maximize the performance of the corresponding calculation programs.
The platform for massively parallel computing is CUDA technology from NVIDIA. Testing
has shown that in typical tasks, the efficiency of programs for GPUs based on parallel analogues
is on average an order of magnitude higher than classical ones. Within the framework
of the proposed approach, it was possible to calculate interatomic interaction potentials in
a wide range of changes in distances between atoms with high accuracy and in an acceptable
computer time, as well as determine the equilibrium interaction parameters. the results obtained
are in good agreement with the data known from the literature.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: parallel programming

value: numerical integration

value: CUDA technology

value: GPGPU

value: density functional theory


dc.contributor.author

value: Germider, Oksana V.

value: Popov, Vasilii N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Germider O. V., Popov V. N. Mathematical modeling of bending of a thin orthotropic plate clamped along the contour. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 310–323. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.301 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Within the framework of Kirchhoff’s theory, a new approach to constructing a solution to
the problem of modeling the bending of a thin rectangular orthotropic plate clamped along
the contour, which is under the influence of a load normally distributed over its surface, is
proposed. the solution to the inhomogeneous biharmonic equation for an orthotropic plate
is obtained in the form of a partial sum of a double series in Chebyshev polynomials of
the first kind. To find the coefficients in this expansion, the boundary value problem is
reduced by the collocation method to a system of linear algebraic equations in matrix form
using the properties of these polynomials. Based on matrix and differential transformations,
expressions for bending moments and shearing forces are obtained. the results of calculations
of the bending of the middle surface of the plate under different loads on the plate are
presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project N 24-21-00381,
https://rscf.ru/project/24-21-00381/

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: collocation method

value: biharmonic equation

value: Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind

value: bending of a thin orthotropic plate

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Olemskoy, Igor V.

value: Eremin, Alexey S.

value: Matrosov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Olemskoy I. V., Eremin A. S., Matrosov A. V. Direct method for solving systems of second order ordinary differential equations. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 324–334. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.302 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the paper a direct solver for systems of structurally partitioned second order differential
equations is proposed. a general scheme of the method algorithmically oriented towards
the particular structure of the system is presented. With the last stage reuse (also known as
FSAL approach) an embedded pair of sixth and fourth order methods with just six stages
is constructed, which provides an easy step-size control. Numerical comparison is made
with the well-known Dormand—Prince method 5(4)7F having the same computation cost,
showing the advantage of the proposed method.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The A. S. Eremin’s work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project N 23-21-00027,
https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-00027/

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Runge—Kutta methods

value: second order equations

value: structurall partitioned system

value: sixth order


dc.contributor.author

value: Sergeev, Sergey L.

value: Blekanov, Ivan S.

value: Ezhov, Fedor V.

value: Tarasov, Nikita A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sergeev S. L., Blekanov I. S., Ezhov F. V., Tarasov N. A. Extending the applicability of the Zipf’s laws to the sequences of byte data. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 391–403. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.307

dc.description.abstract

value:
Zipf’s law have been shown to hold true in many places. From it’s first idea of a statistical
phenomenon related to natural language to it’s later adaptations for economical, social and
many other fields, it has been shown to work almost universally. In all of these cases authors
discuss the applicability of the Zipf’s law in terms of semantically complex structures. We
take this notion a step further and show how this law can work for data analysis, in particular
for the sequences of byte data, obtained from various sources. We show that, using the basic
chunking methodology, the Zipf’s law can be shown to hold true for many different types of
raw sequences of byte data. In particular, the law holds true in all caes for the “middle point”
of data, where it is present with a degree of certainty of more than 90 %. We conclude by
discussing the implications and potential use cases of these findings.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Zipf’s laws

value: byte data

value: chunking

value: frequency analysis


dc.contributor.author

value: Dekhkonov, Farrukh N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dekhkonov F. N. On the boundary control problem for a pseudo-parabolic equation with involution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 416–427. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.309

dc.description.abstract

value:
Previously, some control problems for the pseudo-parabolic equation independent of involution
were considered. In this paper, we consider a boundary control problem associated
with a pseudo-parabolic equation with involution in a bounded one-dimensional domain.
On the part of the border of the considered domain, the value of the solution with control
function is given. Restrictions on the control are given in such a way that the average value of
the solution in the considered domain gets a given value. The problem given by the method
of separation of variables is reduced to the Volterra integral equation of the second kind.
The existence of the control function was proved by the Laplace transform method.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: boundary problem

value: Volterra integral equation

value: control function

value: Laplace transform

value: involution

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ponomareva, Karina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ponomareva, Karina A. 2024. “Options for multilateral solutions to international taxation issues and their assessment from the perspective of the tax security of the state”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 692–709. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.310 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article was prepared as part of a study aimed at identifying fundamental theoretical approaches
to the legal provision of the fiscal interests of the state in the context of the transformation
of tax relations and tax law institutions under the influence of the digital transformation of the economy and developing recommendations for creating an effective model of legal
regulation of taxation in Russia as a means of ensuring the tax security of the state, which is
affected by new challenges. From the point of view of the tax security of the state, the need to
ensure compliance with the fiscal interests of the state requires the transformation of essential
approaches to regulating tax relations. Given that the Russian economy has faced new challenges
in recent years, it seems advisable to explore not only the challenges themselves, but
also ways to respond to them. It is noted that the Russian economy is successfully coping with
new challenges and, in this regard, it seems relevant to return to the tasks that the state faces
from the point of view of both national and international taxation. The article analyzes the
projects of the OECD and the United Nations on reforming the taxation rules of international
groups of companies. The projects of international organizations are considered as answers
to the challenges of tax evasion, as well as to the challenges of the digital economy. The study
focuses on the UN initiative to prepare a framework convention on international tax cooperation.
The UN initiative is considered from the point of view of taking into account the interests
of developing countries. The article also assesses the need to amend Russian tax legislation in
the context of new challenges to the tax security of the state. It is noted that the current system
of preferential tax regimes, which continues to be improved, meets the interests of Russian
taxpayers and the national tax base.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 23-78-10160, https://rscf.
ru/project/23-78-10160/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: tax security

value: tax law

value: new challenges

value: national security

value: international taxation

value: digital economy

value: income tax


dc.contributor.author

value: Humbatov, Elnur A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Humbatov, Elnur A. 2024. “Fighting against violations of the right to privacy in the virtual space: Ensuring the security of personal data”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 654–664. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.307

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article, the legal regulations on the fight against violations of the right to privacy in the
virtual space and ensuring the security of personal data were studied. The formation of the
global information society, the transformation of the Internet into an integral part of social
life was observed with the increase of people’s activity in the virtual space. On the one hand,
it is characterized by positive aspects. Because in the virtual space, any person can easily meet
the needs of daily life by using the opportunities provided as a user. For example, online shopping,
online communication, searching for desired information in virtual space, etc. But on
the other hand, the borderless nature of the virtual space, the use of anonymity (for example,
through a fake profile) makes it difficult to detect and prevent violations committed in this
space. In general, this raises the issue of protecting human rights and freedoms in the digital
age, and among these rights and freedoms, the right to privacy has a special weight. Because
people who use the virtual space provide their personal information to various platforms, or
during communication, their personal life information remains in the virtual space, so that
such information can later be used by criminals for illegal purposes. Therefore, protecting the
security, confidentiality and completeness of information about personal and family life in
the modern era is one of the most important tasks facing the world community. The author
provided information about the most common types of violations of the right to personal
integrity in the virtual space, and presented his suggestions on measures to combat them.
In addition, the article analyzes the differences between the Anglo-Saxon and the European
practice of personal data protection and draws conclusions about more successful practices.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: virtual space

value: right to privacy

value: personal data

value: confidentiality

value: integrity

value: availability

value: domain name

value: e-mail

value: spam

value: big data


dc.contributor.author

value: Anisimov, Aleksey P.

value: Burkova, Valentina N.

value: Volkov, Igor K.

value: Ermakov, Alexey M.

value: Fomina, Anna S.

value: Shebeko, Sergey K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anisimov, Aleksey P., Valentina N. Burkova, Igor K. Volkov, Alexey M. Ermakov, Anna S. Fomina, Sergey K. Shebeko. 2024. “Legal regulation of euthanasia of animals without an owner: Pros and cons”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 575–591. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.302 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article argues for the conclusion that the actual conditions in which animals in shelters
are kept often do not meet the requirements of humane treatment. Releasing animals without owners into their former habitats (outside or into the wild), in our opinion, does not meet
humane considerations at all. If animals are sterilized and released into the street, then they
remain neglected in search of food. Partial catching of individual representatives of stray animal
populations and placing them in shelters does nothing to solve the problem, since the
population size depends on the food supply, the presence of diseases of individual individuals,
as well as other factors that are in no way related to government policy. The removal or sterilization
of individual dogs puts a strain on the regional budget, but does not reduce the size or
aggressiveness of stray dog populations. To keep stray animals in shelters, large premises, land
plots, special instructors, etc. are required. All this is missing, which means we can talk about
cruelty to animals placed in cages and unable to move normally. A solution to this problem
may be to gradually expand the scope of euthanasia to all captured animals that could not be
transferred to new owners. The use of similar practices in a number of foreign countries has
already shown their effectiveness and relevance.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation
no. 24-28-01561, https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-28-01561/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: animals without an owner

value: euthanasia

value: subjects of the Russian Federation

value: laws

value: government agencies

value: budget

value: aggressiveness

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Alekseenko, Aleksandr P.

value: Malysheva, Natalia I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alekseenko, Aleksandr P., Natalia I. Malysheva. 2024. “The system of Chinese legal sources from the perspective of the platform economy legal regulation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 798–814. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.316 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Despite intensification cooperation with China, Russian legal science doesn’t provide comprehensive
study of Chinese laws and regulations concerning entrepreneurial activity including
e-commerce. Analysis of the concept “source of law” allows to demine a fairly wide range of
Chinese legal sources. Basing on the analysis of the laws of the People’s Republic of China,
regulations of the State Council, notices of the People’s Bank of China, notifications, notices
of measures, regulations, letters from various Chinese public bodies and local regulations,
this paper examines the sources (forms) of legal regulation of the platform economy in China
from theoretical perspective. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the system of sources
(forms) of law in the sphere of the Chinese platform economy, to qualify sources and establish
hierarchical relationships between them in order to identify contradictions and ways to overcome
them. The paper concludes that in China there are no clear criteria for distinguishing
between subordinate legislation and acts of interpretation, also legal provisions sometimes
may be included in interpretational documents. Official replies and letters from government
agencies in China like legal regulations may impose new responsibilities on lower-level public
bodies. The paper concludes that China doesn’t have definite border between notifications and
notices issued by ministries and departments. Authors also stress the discussion on the legal
nature of judicial clarifications and guiding court cases of the Supreme People’s Court of the
People’s Republic of China.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research funded by the Russian Science Foundation no. 24-28-00751, https://rscf.ru/
project/24-28-00751/.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Chinese law

value: sources (forms) of law

value: legal regulation

value: platform economy

value: regulatory legal acts

value: judicial acts


dc.contributor.author

value: Smolyakov, Pavel N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Smolyakov, Pavel N. 2024. “General view on interaction of criminal, administrative-delict and administrative laws in prevention of unlawful activities”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 636–653. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides an overview of the relationship between the Criminal Code, the Administrative
Offenses Code of the Russian Federation in the prevention of illegal behavior. In this
country, historically, those laws serve as effective tools for managing public processes and
their interaction in the relevant field is extremely important. Their common problems are
especially challenging today as the legislators prepare to adopt a wholly new version of the Administrative
Offenses Code, which should be synchronized with “senior” criminal legislation;
and they both will have to rely on the laws governing prevention from administrative perspectives.
Taking into account conventionality of some kind of division of illegal acts into administrative
offenses, misdemeanors (their introduction into the Russian law is also on the agenda)
and crimes, the prevention of the administrative delinquency becomes an integral element of
the crime prevention in general. So the author supports the idea of creating a unified preventive
system which should also involve a number of other pertinent acts of the actual policing
legislation: Law on Police, Law on Administrative Supervision, Law on Foundations of System
for Prevention of Neglect and Juvenile Delinquency, and others. The declared main point of
the laws’ current interaction is the administrative “res judicata”, disputes around which in the
criminal law also cover the issues of crime prevention. In addition, effective prevention must
be ensured by building now lacking an adaptable and balanced system of criminal and administrative
penalties, conforming to each other.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

value: crime

value: administrative offense

value: prevention

value: interaction of laws

value: administrative res judicata


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasilyeva, Anna F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasilyeva, Anna F. 2024. “Codification of general principles of administrative law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 617–635. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
On the basis of the method of historical and comparative legal analysis the experience of
codification of the general principles of administrative law of the CIS member states has been
studied. The vast majority of codification was carried out by adopting the German model
of legislative regulation of administrative procedures. The analysis of reception required the
reference to its source — the German model of partial codification of the General Part of Administrative
Law. As a result of the study, three models of interaction of the general principles
of administrative law and their codification have been identified. The first model is marked by
the development of the judicial doctrine of the general principles of administrative law and
their subsequent codification. The second model is distinguished by the codification of the
general principles of administrative law with the necessity of their subsequent development in
the judicial and scientific doctrine. The introduction of the general principles of administrative
law by borrowing a foreign codified act due to the resistance of local law, as well as the
lack of judicial and scientific doctrine, can create conditions for the emergence in administrative
law of a significant gap between “law in books” and “law in action”. In addition, the third
model, characterised by the absence of codification of the general principles of administrative
law and their differentiated regulation in sectoral laws, has been identified. It has been established
that the effectiveness of the general principles of administrative law depends not only
(and even not so much) on their legislative consolidation, but on the intensity and quality of
judicial activism in the relevant legal system. Moreover, in some legal systems a significant
contribution to the identification and development of general principles of administrative law
is made by constitutional courts, in other legal systems — by administrative courts.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 23-28-01729, https://rscf.
ru/project/23-28-01729/.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: codification of administrative law

value: reception of administrative law

value: general principles of law

value: administrative procedures

value: judicial doctrine

value: constitutionalisation of administrative law

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kabyshev, Sergey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kabyshev, Sergey V. 2024. “Fundamental jurisprudence as a strategic basis for national legal leadership”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 564–574. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.301 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The current stage of historical development is characterized by the tendency of an increasing
value and ideological crisis, directly related to the crisis of legal understanding, spiritual,
moral, civilizational and cultural disorientation of jurisprudence. The unifying humanity and
the legal values it has suffered have been shaken by the policy of single-vector globalization,
which has called into question national identity and the primordial possibility of peoples to
self-determination. The methods of dictate, unilateral sanctions, and hybrid forms of aggression that have entered into current international use, based on ideas about the exclusivity and
dominance of a certain form of legal culture and civilization, destroy the sovereign equality of
states, and have nothing to do with the laws of natural history development. The need to form
a new global legal paradigm and substantiate the intrinsic value of domestic law as the normative
embodiment of Russian civilization require the mobilization of domestic fundamental
jurisprudence, which is currently experiencing a number of difficulties and is characterized by
negative development trends. This concerns, in particular, the disclosure in our jurisprudence
of the historical, civilizational and cultural factors of the Russian legal system, the development
of the ideological and philosophical potential of the national legal heritage, the establishment
of systematic work to update the methodology of legal cognition, taking into account
fundamental changes in the world and in the national worldview, thematic and substantive
consistency of research work with the priorities of state development. Increasing the role of
fundamental disciplines in legal education and its constitutionalization, revealing the unity of
the Russian state and law, the original foundations of our legal system, focusing on a predictive
approach that allows us to form advanced models of legal regulation, coordinating the topics
of scientific and legal research in accordance with national priorities — key areas in the field
of fundamental jurisprudence.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: fundamental jurisprudence

value: crisis of legal understanding

value: national identity

value: traditional values

value: national legal heritage

value: methodology of legal cognition


dc.contributor.author

value: Sidorova, Nataliia A.

value: Vasilyev, Ilia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sidorova, Nataliia A., Ilia A. Vasilyev. 2024. “Sufficiency of evidence in court decisions in criminal cases: Particular problems”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 736–748. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.313 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes problems of assessing evidence in criminal cases, in particular, the use
by courts of such a criterion when assessing the sufficiency of evidence. In the absence of this
criterion, it is impossible to talk about compliance with the requirements for the sentence and,
as a consequence, about the legality of the latter. However, the law does not contain objective
criteria for assessing a sufficient body of evidence to make a decision in a case. The concepts
of standards of proof and standards of proof in a case developed in the doctrine of criminal
procedure are currently only theoretical constructs. The article analyzes the positions of the
courts of appeal, cassation and supervisory instances in assessing evidence. The categories
under consideration — the totality of evidence, the limits of proof and the sufficiency of evidence
— are often used in judicial decisions of courts of various instances. Judicial acts containing
conclusions about evidence, the totality of which is recognized as sufficient to establish
the guilt of the defendant, often indicate evidence of questionable quality, drawn up and obtained
in violation of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, containing
factual errors. The use by courts of standard formulations about the “sufficiency of the totality
of evidence”, which is present in all the studied cases, and they are characterized to a greater
extent by an acceptable quantitative level than a qualitative component, is probably due to the
fact that in the current criminal procedural legislation there is no necessary definition of the
concept of “sufficiency”. And as a result, a significant part of judicial acts contain wording that
is of a standard nature, indicating the need to confirm the court’s conclusions “with the totality
of evidence examined by the court”.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 24-28-00565, “Standards of
proof in the Russian legal system”, https://rscf.ru/project/24-28-00565.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: evaluation of evidence

value: sufficiency of evidence

value: body of evidence

value: standards of proof

value: presumption of innocence

value: competitiveness

value: validity of decisions

value: limits of proof


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozov, Alexey S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozov, Alexey S. 2024. “Criminological portrait of the ‘thief in law’ today: Results of the All-Russian penitentiary research”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 749–779. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.314 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In legal science and law enforcement, there is no certainty about the relationship between
the concepts of “thief in law” and “person occupying the highest position in the criminal
hierarchy”, which leads to problems and errors when bringing to criminal responsibility under
Part 4 of Art. 210 of the Criminal Code and Art. 2101 of the Criminal Code. In order to
solve this problem, a study was conducted among the operational staff of institutions of the
penitentiary system engaged in countering penitentiary crime in general and organized crime in part icular, professionally possessing knowledge in the field of criminal subculture. As a
result of the study, were established: signs of a person who cannot be a “thief in law”; signs of
a person who is a “thief in law”; the relationship between the concepts of “thief in law” and
“person occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy”; the procedure for conferring
the title of “thief in law” (the procedure of “coronation”, “baptism”); the procedure for
depriving the title of “thief in law”. In addition, the moment of the end of crimes related to the
occupation of the highest position in the criminal hierarchy has been determined, the circle
of persons included in the number of subjects of crimes provided for in Part 4 of Art. 210 of
the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Art. 2101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian
Federation, the rights and obligations of “thief in law”, their functions and powers in the
criminal environment are established.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: poser

value: looker

value: higher position

value: criminal environment

value: criminal subculture

value: organized crime

value: thief in law

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dronova, Olga B.

value: Sidorenko, Dmitriy N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dronova, Olga B., Dmitriy N. Sidorenko. 2024. “Institute of forensic activity in Russia: Genesis and formation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 780–797. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.315 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The process of disclosing and investigating crimes provides for the need for a full-fledged
forensic expert support in order to provide the subjects of the investigation with the necessary
information and evidence in a comprehensive manner. The modern functional approach
to the organization of forensic activities provides for the implementation of a comprehensive
support work of the relevant independent units aimed at the production of forensic examinations
and technical and forensic support for the detection, disclosure and investigation of
crimes and other processes of countering illegal activities, implemented on the instructions
of the initiators. This approach was formed considering the transformation of the political,
economic and social situation in Russia, the progressive development of scientific directions,
as well as changes in the needs of expert and forensic support of operational search and criminal
procedural activities. The historical and legal study of the key directions of the formation
of the institution of forensic activity made it possible to identify five main stages in the development
of the technical, scientific and methodological foundations for the subjects of the
application of special knowledge to support the processes associated with the disclosure and
investigation of crimes. The genesis of the development of the institution of forensic support
of the disclosure and investigation of crimes is considered considering the ideological, legal
and social foundations of society corresponding to each time period, the specifics of introducing
the achievements of domestic and foreign science into this activity. The findings made it
possible to clearly demonstrate the evolution of the expansion of the competencies of subjects
providing technical, forensic and forensic activities. They are largely due to the transformation
of the tasks and functions of specialized units, changes in approaches to their direct structural subordination, the establishment of procedures for control over the activities of forensic units,
the peculiarities of organizing interaction with other law enforcement agencies.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: expert research

value: technical and forensic support

value: accounting and registration activities

value: forensic departments

value: forensic activities

value: detection of crimes

value: disclosure of crimes

value: investigation of crimes

value: periodization

value: functions


dc.contributor.author

value: Fatalieva, Daria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fatalieva, Daria A. 2024. “Methods of judicial argumentation in case of semantic uncertainty of a legal text”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 665–683. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.308 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
While in non-legal texts linguistic uncertainty either does not hinder normal linguistic practices
or can be removed by clarifications, the elimination of uncertainty in legal texts is complicated
since peculiarities of legal language precludes its complete exclusion. Accordingly, the task of
overcoming legal uncertainty is delegated to the judge and the question arises as to what methods
of dealing with the legal text are applicable. The article examines the approaches distinguished
in the theory of legal argumentation to assess whether they can offer a methodology which will
be able to overcome the policy consequences of the language “open texture” as a characteristic of
uncertainty of the natural language in which legal texts are presented by formalizing the process
of choosing one of the possible options of the legal text interpretation in judicial decisions. The
author concludes that the methods to deal with an uncertain legal text offered by the topicalrhetorical
and dialectical approach are limited to the formulation of requirements for the process
of argumentation (which do not guarantee absolute predictability of the decision to be made), as
well as criteria to evaluate the justification of the decision retrospectively. In turn, the possibility
to critically assess the arguments limits the arbitrariness, forcing the judge to follow standards of
acceptability and sufficiency of the reasoning to justify their decision.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by the St. Petersburg University state assignment for the project “Legal and
linguistic uncertainty in the texts of legal acts taking into account their communicative features and legal
functions” (the research work is registered with the Center for Information Technologies and Systems of
Executive Authorities (CITIS), no. AAAA-A19-119100190156-0).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

value: legal argumentation theory

value: legal uncertainty

value: judicial formalism

value: judicial realism

value: language open texture

value: rational discourse


dc.contributor.author

value: Wang, Guanglong

dc.identifier.citation

value: Wang Guanglong. 2024. “Administrative and legal measures to ensure the security of personal data when disclosing information by the government in China”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 815–834. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.317 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Government disclosure is an inevitable choice to improve public services in the era of big
data. In order to meet the new requirements for building a digital government in the era of
big data, the government authorities of the People’s Republic of China have implemented a
number of strategies and measures for the open use of government data through the overall
integration of government informatization work. In recent years, the open use of government data has played a very important role in building a legal system and platforms, but it still faces
many real dilemmas, such as the low level of legislation for the open use of data and security
for government disclosure of data, vague definition of data ownership and the extent of openness,
insufficient supervision and management openness and use of data. In order to ensure
effective protection of personal information when disclosing information by the government
in the era of big data, it is necessary to improve the mechanism of legal protection of personal
information and the system of legal regulation of the use of government-opened data, improve
the system for regulating conflicts of legal benefits based on the principle of proportionality,
create and optimize an environment for the development and use of government data, as well
as develop a mechanism for assessing privacy risks and raise awareness about the protection
of personal data and rights.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the project of the National Committee of the
People’s Republic of China for the Management of the Fund for Study Abroad (CSC) no. 202408090410.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: the era of big data

value: government disclosure of data

value: protection of personal information

value: administrative and legal support

value: public interests

value: personal legitimate interests

value: the principle of proportionality

value: the right of the public to know

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shirkova, Irina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shirkova, Irina V. 2024. “The secret of production: Commercial value under the condition of obstacle access (legal aspect)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 710–723. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.311 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The new economic system requires new legal solutions to ensure legal protection, which is
in demand in modern realities of an intellectual property object, the legal regime of which in
both international and domestic legislation has not been properly disclosed. In the scientific
literature, there are many conceptions of definitions, but the unity in their understanding has
not been achieved. The concept of “secret of production” is contained in many laws around
the world, but there is no clear definition. Taking into account the multifaceted nature of the
definition of “trade secret”, it is quite possible and expedient from a scientific point of view to
analyze individual provisions of this phenomenon, taking into account the legal regulation
of the protection and protection of exclusive rights to trade secrets. In the study of the essence
of the secret of production, the dialectical method was used, which made it possible to
comprehensively study the essence of the subject. Generalization of the existing definitions,
and the legal framework made it possible to highlight the characteristic features of the studied
category: information relates to the scientific and technical sphere, and is also focused on ways
of carrying out professional activities; actual or potential commercial value; unknown information
to third parties; lack of free access to information; taking reasonable steps to maintain confidentiality; subjects — an individual, an individual entrepreneur, and a legal entity with
the exclusive right to use the secret of production; the period of validity of the exclusive right is
not limited by law, it is valid as long as the confidentiality of information is ensured. Methods
of disposing of exclusive rights to production secrets have been systematized. The necessity
of changing the legislation governing the protection of the production secret (know-how) has
been substantiated.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: secret of production

value: exclusive rights

value: commercial value

value: confidential information

value: lack of free access

value: objects of intellectual property


dc.contributor.author

value: Samsonov, Nikolai V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samsonov, Nikolai V. 2024. “Maxima jura novit curia and the non liquet prohibition: Problems of understanding and application in civil proceedings”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 724–735. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.312 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the traditional understanding in Russian civil procedure of the content
of the maxim jura novit curia and the prohibition of non liquet, as well as their manifestation
in contemporary Russian civil process. It is argued that the maxim jura novit curia and the
prohibition of non liquet are in effect, manifesting in the court’s duty to apply the analogy of
the law or the analogy of the right and resolve the issue before the court on its merits, even
in the absence of norms directly regulating the disputed legal relationship. The competitive
advantage of the Russian judicial process is identified, which lies in the ability to use the institutions
of the analogy of the law and the analogy of the right to fill the absence of norms not
only of substantive but also procedural law. The evolution of civil procedural legislation norms
regarding the indexation of awarded sums and the influence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation’s acts on this evolution are analyzed. The causes of errors in the understanding
and application of the maxim jura novit curia and the prohibition of non liquet, made
by ordinary courts when considering applications for the indexation of awarded sums, leading
to the repeated necessity to invoke the mechanism of constitutional justice, are identified. It
is concluded that the court has no right to refuse to satisfy a claim solely on the grounds of
the absence of appropriate legal regulation, uncertainty, or gaps in the applicable law, and that
avoiding the application of analogy when it is necessary to resolve the issue before the court
should be regarded as a violation of substantive or procedural law norms. The article proposes
the direct enshrinement of the status of acts of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
as sources (forms) of law and a detailed definition of the procedure for their application
by ordinary courts in the text of the procedural law.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: civil procedure

value: arbitration process

value: civil process

value: jura novit curia

value: non liquet

value: purpose of justice

value: duty of the court

value: indexation of the amounts awarded


dc.contributor.author

value: Dorskaia, Aleksandra A.

value: Dorskii, Andrei Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dorskaia, Aleksandra A., Andrei Yu. Dorskii. 2024. “Crises of the international legal system and their role in developing principles and norms of international law: Retrospective analysis”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 835–846. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.318

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the influence of international legal system crises on the establishment
and advancement of generally recognized principles and norms of international law. It is
shown that the causes of crisis phenomena in international law can include inconsistency
of the norms of international treaties and customs with the proclaimed principles of international
law, poor regulation of the critical issues of the world community’s life and its institutions;
non-implementation of the enshrined principles because of the lack of political
will or imperfection of international legal mechanisms. On the example of the principles
of conscientious fulfillment of international obligations, the sovereign equality of states
and respect for the rights inherent in sovereignty, non-intervention in the internal affairs
of states enshrined in the 1945 United Nations Charter, it is shown how the principles undergo
changes in different eras, resulting in shifts in emphasis and enabling the evolution
of international legal regulation. The terminological discussions, which have spanned centuries,
leading to a wide range of interpretations regarding the fundamental principles and
norms of international law, including the concept of general recognition, are considered.
It has been concluded that numerous principles of international law were established to
address crisis situations in international legal affairs. However, sometimes, these principles
can inadvertently exacerbate conflicts, as evidenced by the Europe-America tensions in
the 19th century. The primary areas of development for the international law principles
are revealed: the alignment of specific principles in different international law branches
with generally recognized principles and norms, the interplay between principles across
different international law branches, which is crucial for regulating a substantial portion of
international legal relations and the consolidation of judicial practice from international
justice bodies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The part of the A. A. Dorskaia’s research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF),
according to the research project no. 24-28-01860 “Crises of the international legal system and ways to
overcome them: historical experience”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: crisis of the international legal system

value: international law principles

value: international law norms

value: Westphalian system

value: Congress of Vienna

value: League of Nations

value: United Nations

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bosova, Elena N.

value: Chechulina, Alla A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bosova, Elena N., Alla A. Chechulina. 2024. “Remote electronic voting in elections in Russia: State, problems, prospects”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 684–691. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.309

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper examines the Russian experience of introducing remote electronic voting into the
electoral process. By referring to the experience of other countries, we highlight the positive
and negative aspects of remote electronic voting. The interest of states therein is due to the
capability of combating the electorate absenteeism at polling stations for voting. Along with
that, the results of surveying Russians on the use of remote electronic voting in elections show
that some voters do not trust the outcomes of such voting for fear of fraud. We accumulated
preferential provisions that constitute the interest of states in remote electronic voting. Blockchain
technologies used in electronic voting are diverse and affect the public’s attitude to the
voting results in different ways, many electoral process participants do not understand the
technical component of the electronic program. Russia uses a closed blockchain, therefore
only the electoral process participants having a special key can view the data. It turned out that
blockchain-based voting does not solve fundamental security problems, but on the contrary
is technically more vulnerable than traditional paper ballot voting or postal voting. In Russia,
legal regulation relates more to the technical aspects of organizing and implementing remote
electronic voting in elections, but does not solve all the problems, leaving many gaps for the
guarantees of citizens’ electoral rights. Currently, the optimal model will be the combination
of both traditional (paper ballot) and remote voting forms in order to reduce the risks of the
latter, i. e. to apply a hybrid voting format in elections. Russian electoral legislation needs to be
adapted to the hybrid format of elections with a paper ballot and an electronic ballot, providing
voting rights of citizens and remote electronic voting.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: blockchain

value: ballot

value: elections

value: voting

value: remote voting

value: legislation

value: voters

value: secret ballot

value: electoral fraud

value: electronic voting


dc.contributor.author

value: Dmitrikova, Ekaterina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dmitrikova, Ekaterina A. 2024. “Preventing violations of mandatory requirements: New qualities of preventive visit”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 604–616. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the guidelines for the reform of the sphere of state control in Russia has become the
priority of preventing violations of mandatory requirements in relation to the conduct of control activities. At the same time, the types of preventive measures in terms of content and
consequences for controlled persons differ significantly, and the legislator linked the implementation
of prevention with the organization and implementation of control measures. In
this regard, a preventive visit stands out, which has become a popular tool for preventing
violations of mandatory requirements. The result of changes in legislation on state control,
including the establishment of features of the organization and implementation of prevention,
was a qualitative transformation of the preventive visit. At the moment, there is a tendency
to replace control measures with a preventive visit, which makes it possible to use the potential
for preventing violations of mandatory requirements not only as measures preceding
control measures, but also as measures replacing such measures, including on the initiative
of controlled persons. The indicated approach made it possible to reduce the administrative
burden on controlled persons and create conditions for the effective distribution of resources
of state control bodies. At the same time, the convergence of the qualitative characteristics of
a preventive visit with state control measures requires a revision of the system of guarantees
for the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of controlled persons, so that within
the framework of preventive measures that are carried out instead of control measures, the
standard of protection of the rights of controlled persons is not reduced.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation
no. 23-28-01756, https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-01756/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

value: control

value: supervision

value: control activities

value: administrative reform

value: state control

value: balance interests

value: constitutional principles

value: prevention

value: preventive visit


dc.contributor.author

value: Kustova, Margarita V.

value: Rasskazova, Natalia Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kustova, Margarita V., Natalia Yu. Rasskazova. 2024. “Notary tariff: Problems of ensuring constitutional balance in determining parameters”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 592–603. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the problems of determining the procedure for financing notarial activities
in the context of the constitutional requirement to achieve a balance between private and
public interests. Turning to the historical and legal key to the development of approaches
concerning the formation of the cost of notarial actions, the authors see the purpose of the
formal revision of the regulatory rules as for establishing notarial tariffs only to support the
approaches to determining the level of relevant fees that have already been established within
the framework of the previous regulation. In this regard, the article notes the urgent need for a conceptual revision of approaches to building a system of self-financing of notarial activities.
Without denying the admissibility of the participation of notarial bodies in determining its
parameters, the authors, based on the nature of the notarial tariff, focus on the need for effective
state supervision of its economic feasibility. At the same time, following the approach
of bringing the formation of payment for notarial actions in any part to the subordinate level
strengthens the requirements for ensuring economic proof of its size. Ultimately, we are talking
about aiming to achieve a constitutional balance between the level of organization of notarial
activity expected at the corresponding stage of development of society and the solvency
of persons forced to apply for the performance of notarial acts. The article notes that the currently
proposed system demonstrates at the regional level both significant deviations from the
maximum tariff amount and significant differences in determining the procedure for calculating
the regional tariff for a specific notarial act, although the objective reasons for this are not
obvious. This demonstrates the need to analyze the relevant deviations from the standpoint
of ensuring the principle of equality, which implies, among other things, differentiation of the
tariff size based on constitutionally justified criteria.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: notarial activity

value: nature of notarial tariff

value: regional notarial tariff

value: tariff establishment procedure

value: validity of notarial tariff

value: Ministry of Justice of the RF

value: Federal Notarial Chamber

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chukreyev, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chukreyev, Andrey A. 2024. “Restrictive covenants in agreements between entrepreneurs and their employees under the law of foreign countries. Part two: Germany, France, Japan, China and the Eurasian Economic Union”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 896–915. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.322 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This review article is devoted to restrictive covenants, which are widely used in contracts between
entrepreneurs and their employees in many countries. In Russia, these covenants are
not supported by the courts. It is believed that such restrictions are contrary to the constitutional
and other norms of Russian law. The purpose of this study is to analyze the foundations
of legal regulation in a number of countries of such restrictive covenants as non-competition
agreements, non-solicitation agreements, non-dealing agreements and non-disclosure agreements.
This analysis is necessary for a reasonable answer to the question of the advisability
of recognizing in Russia the legality of such agreements. The first part of this article provides
an overview of the law on non-competition and other similar covenants of the United
Kingdom and the United States, in the second part — Germany, France, Japan, China and
the Eurasian Economic Union. In jurisdictions where non-competition agreements and other
similar restrictive covenants are not prohibited, the “rule of reason” acts as a legal mechanism
for balancing the competing interests of employers, employees and public interests. This rule
allows the courts in each specific dispute to assess the specified conditions for their compliance
with the protected business interest of the employer and other criteria. The conclusion
is made about the advisability of legalizing agreements on non-competition, non-engagement
and non-entrepreneurship in Russia, taking into account the positive foreign experience of
legal regulation in this area. In this regard, it will be necessary to legislate in Russian law an
analogue of the rule of reason.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Acknowledgments: The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,
project no. 19-111-50732.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: restrictive covenant

value: non-competition agreements

value: non-solicitation agreements

value: non-dealing agreements

value: non-disclosure agreements

value: freedom of contract

value: freedom of labor

value: confidential information

value: unfair competition


dc.contributor.author

value: Lebedeva, Yulia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lebedeva, Yulia V. 2024. “The Nuclear Energy Agency under the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Legal status, research projects, international cooperation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 847–865. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.319 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the legal status, scientific and international activities of the Nuclear
Energy Agency under the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD
NEA). The outcome of the struggle between Great Britain and France in 1957 was the emergence
in the European space of two international organizations dealing with the problems of
the peaceful use of atomic energy — Euratom and the OECD NEA. The legal status, structure,
procedure for joining the OECD NEA were adopted in its Statute of 1957, which is valid with
amendments and additions in the 1995 edition. The OECD NEA does not have international
legal personality and treaty standing; these functions can only be exercised with the consent
of the OECD Secretariat. The OECD NEA is engaged in the exchange of information, the
compilation of best practices, the promotion of scientific and technical projects and research activities, and the development of nuclear law. Under the auspices of the organization, 58 international
research projects are being carried out. The OECD NEA cooperates with the IAEA,
the European Commission of the EU, and EURATOM, ASEANTOM, African Commission
on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE), Inter-American Nuclear Energy Commission. Russia became
a full member of the OECD NEA in 2013 and participated in a number of research projects.
Based on the Decision of the OECD Secretariat, which was motivated by the special military
operation of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the DPR and the LPR, Russian
membership in all bodies in the organization was officially suspended on May 11, 2022. The
politicized refusal of the OECD NEA from the scientific potential of Russia, on the one hand,
“impoverished” the Agency, and on the other hand, did not add to it international prestige.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: international nuclear law

value: uses of atomic energy

value: nuclear research projects

value: nuclear safety

value: international organizations

value: nuclear installations

value: radioactive waste


dc.contributor.author

value: Jiang, Siyuan

value: Huang, Tianrui

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jiang Siyuan, Huang Tianrui. 2024. “Development of Sino-Russian legal service cooperation in the context of hindered Eurasian integration”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 916–929. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.323 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Due to the continuation of special military operations, the original mode of competition and
cooperation in Central Asia has changed. The process of Eurasian integration has fallen into a
temporary low tide, and the “Belt and Road” strategy has also been impacted. China and Russia have established a highly friendly comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in
the new era, and have maintained long-term high-level cooperation in various fields. Against
the backdrop of the overall downturn in the world economy, bilateral trade has grown. In the
face of Western sanctions, the economic and trade cooperation between Russia and European
countries has gradually decreased, which will inevitably lead to the deepening of exchanges
between Russia and China in the field. Whether the high-quality development of economic
and trade cooperation or the docking and landing of long-term strategies, it is inseparable
from the escort of the law. The current China-Russia legal services have such problems as
narrow coverage, lack of legal talents, lack of dispute resolution mechanism, etc. Such scattered
and fragmented legal services obviously cannot meet the needs of the development of
Sino-Russian trade, and it is also unable to make timely adjustment in the face of the impact of
the drastic international situation. This paper will sort out the development context of China-
Russia legal service. Based on the current situation of legal service cooperation, this paper will
analyze the shortcomings exposed in this field in the face of the drastic international situation,
and put forward suggestions for the transformation and development of China-Russia legal
service cooperation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: legal services in China

value: legal services in Russia

value: cooperation between China and Russia

value: legal support of trade

value: Belt and Road

value: Eurasian integration

value: dispute resolution

value: legal talent training

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shestak, Viktor A.

value: Savenkova, Polina G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shestak, Viktor A., Polina G. Savenkova. 2024. “Genesis of the notion ‘cybersecurity’ in the fuel and energy sector of the European Union: Legal analysis”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 866–881. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.320

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper analyzes cybersecurity as a legal institution, gives its detailed theoretical and legal
characteristics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal acts, and in particular the
criminal law, in order to summarize the existing regulations related to the means of ensuring
cybersecurity in the European Union (EU), the study of this institution, both in general
and in relation to individual industries, first of all, to the fuel and energy complex. When
writing this work, both doctrinal and non-doctrinal methods were used, including: comparative
legal and historical-legal methods, as well as macro-comparison and micro-comparison,
normative comparison. Based on the results of the study, the authors came to the following
conclusions: cybersecurity, like other concepts related to information technology, cannot have
a single regulatory fixation due to the nature of such phenomena; at the moment, the priority
task of the state authorities of the EU and member states is to create a regulatory framework
for the regulation of cybercrime and other threats to cybersecurity and develop legal means
and methods to ensure it; among all areas where cybersecurity is necessary, special attention
should be paid to the fuel and energy complex, since this sector is inextricably linked
not only with national security and welfare, but can also affect other countries, which seems
to be especially relevant within the framework of a single internal market European Union.
Thus, information technologies have a significant impact on modern society, and ensuring the
protection of society from traditional crimes committed using information systems or new
types of crimes that are inherently associated with digital devices seems to be one of the most
important tasks of each state.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: cybersecurity

value: European law

value: criminal law

value: legal measures

value: cybercrime

value: critical infrastructure

value: cyber threats

value: energy sector


dc.contributor.author

value: Madi, Ramzi

value: Al Shamsi, Iman

dc.identifier.citation

value: Madi, Ramzi, Iman Al Shamsi. 2024. “The suitability of the copyright system to computer programs in light of the United Arab Emirates law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 882–895. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.321

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article investigates whether the new copyright and neighbouring rights law adopted by
the United Arab Emirates (UAE) legislature is considered appropriate to protect computer
programs, or if it is better to establish an independent legal system that includes the appropriate
legal protection that is in line with rapid technological progress. For computer programs
to enjoy protection, there are two conditions must be met: the work should be a mental production,
and the work should be an innovation. Once these two objective conditions are met,
computer programs can enjoy automatic protection under the copyright system. Moreover,
the study will spot light on Federal Law concerning Copyright and Neighbouring Rights that
granted the author of a program a set of moral rights, which do not differ from the rights
granted to the authors of traditional works, and it has been agreed that there are four moral
rights. We concluded that the computer programs are considered as per Federal Law concerning
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights as literary work. They are therefore subject to the
protection established under the copyright system. However, despite the importance of the
copyright law, it is still unable to keep pace with the technological and economic developments
and is not commensurate with the nature of computer programs whose development
pace is increasing daily.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 3

value: copyright

value: computer programs

value: United Arab Emirates

value: copyright federal-decree Law

value: Berne Convention

value: TRIPS agreement

value: moral rights


title: Calculation of the Invariant Decomposition of the Tangent Space

dc.contributor.author

value: Osipenko, Georgii Sergeevich

value: Andreeva, Irina Alexeevna

dc.description.abstract

value: A discrete dynamic system generated by a diffeomorphism is considered. The task of constructing an invariant decomposition of the tangent space is set. This task is reduced to calculating the components of a chain recurrent set on a projective bundle. A computer-oriented tool for such a calculation is a symbolic image of a dynamic system, which is an oriented graph. The components of the chain recurrent set are determined by calculating the components of the strong connectivity of the symbolic image. A nontrivial example of calculating the desired tangent space decomposition is given.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Differential Equations and Control Processes;Issue 3

value: discrete dynamic system

value: tangent space

value: invariant decomposition

value: chain recurrent trajectories

value: limit sets

value: projective space

value: symbolic image

value: localization algorithm

dc.type

value: Article


title: Integration of Differential Equations by Using Invariants of Discrete Transformation

dc.contributor.author

value: Khakimova, Zilya Nailevna

value: Atojan, Ajkanush Ashotovna

dc.description.abstract

value: Ordinary differential equations of the 2nd and 3rd orders with multiplicative right-hand sides of the 2nd and 3rd orders are studied. A method is considered for reducing the order of equations and obtaining exact solutions of differential equations using transformations that are invariants of generators of cyclic transformations discrete groups closed in the classes of differential equations under consideration. The method of discrete invariants is an alternative to the method of "multiplication" of integrable cases in the class of differential equations under study by using the constructed discrete group of transformations acting in this class of equations. Examples are given to illustrate the method of discrete invariants.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Ordinary differential equation (ODE)

value: class of generalized Emden-Fowler equations (GEFE)

value: discrete group of transformations

value: discrete group analysis (DGA)

value: exact solution of differential equation

value: discrete transformation invariant

value: concomitant


title: Analysis of Algorithms of Numerical Implementations for the Wonham Filter Under Uncertainty in Measurements Noise Covariance

dc.contributor.author

value: Bosov, Alexey Vyacheslavovich

value: Kudryavtseva, Irina Anatol'evna

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper addresses the filtering a continuous-time Markov chain states that can be observed through linear measurements perturbed by a Wiener process. There is supposed the presence of uncertainty in the intensity of measurements noises. The problem is worked out under the assumption of unknown intensity but subject to its known upper bound. If there is no uncertainty in measurements the optimal solution is provided by the Wonham filter that doesn't ensure stable numerical implementations. The paper exposes that the Wonham filter shows robustness in the presence of uncertainty if model's parameters don't imply its divergent. It is detected that to cope with divergence tracking and handling trajectories aren't sufficient in the case of uncertainty. The more efficient way is to consider discretized approximations of the Wonham filter implemented for a discrete model that approximates the initial continuous-time measurements system. Such an approach perceptibly advantages if numerical implementations contain divergent trajectories. If there are no divergent trajectories, then the discretized filters give a slightly worse result but acceptable.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Differential Equations and Control Processes;Issue 3

dc.subject

value: filtering problem

value: nonlinear filtering

value: Wonham filter

value: minimax estimation

value: Markov chain


title: Kinetic model of the ammonium chloride sublimation process

dc.contributor.author

value: Kuzmin, Maksim Igorevich

value: Kushniruk, David Ilyich

value: Romanov, Nikita Sergeevich

value: Danilov, Egor Andreevich

value: Babkina, Anastasia Nikolaevna

dc.description.abstract

value: The article discusses the process of sublimation of chemically pure ammonium chloride crystals. Instrumental studies were conducted using synchronous thermal analysis, including thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, under non-isothermal conditions with three different heating rates (3, 5, and 10 В°C/min). The data obtained from the experiments were processed using the Friedman isoconversion method. Based on the assumption that the sublimation process consists of three successive stages that can be modeled by n-th order reaction kinetics, a kinetic model was developed to describe the change in sample mass over time. Statistical and nonlinear regression techniques were used to determine the kinetic triplets for each stage. The model was then applied to predict the progression of the sublimation process under various temperature regimes. The results of the work can be used both in an independent form and in the construction of complex models of chemical processes in which it is necessary to take into account the course of a competing process of sublimation of ammonium chloride.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work was carried out as part of the EOTP-MT454 project (contract No. 774/409-D, dated 12/14/2021). The copyright holder for the results of the project is a private institute "Science and Innovation".

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: ammonium chloride

value: kinetic model

value: thermogravimetric analysis

value: differential scanning calorimetry

value: sublimation

dc.title

value: Article


title: Output Based Iterative Learning Control with Saturation

dc.contributor.author

value: Emelianova, Julia Pavlovna

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper considers a linear discrete-time system operating in a repetitive mode to track a reference trajectory with a given accuracy. The system parameters are incompletely known and are described by the affine uncertainty model. A new iterative learning control design method based on information about the measured output signal is obtained; this method takes into account the saturation-type nonlinearity inherent in the actuators of robots and allows achieving the required accuracy. The problem statement is motivated by the development trends of high-precision smart and additive manufacturing as well as medical rehabilitation robots. An example illustrates the effectiveness of this method.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by the Russian Science
Foundation under grant 23-71-01044, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-71-01044/

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Differential Equations and Control Processes;Issue 3

dc.subject

value: iterative learning control

value: input saturation

value: parameter uncertainties

value: vector Lyapunov function


title: Light and Fast Renderings of Limit Sets for Fuchsian and Kleinian Groups

dc.contributor.author

value: Rosa, Alessandro

dc.description.abstract

value: After introducing some basic mathematical theory on kleinian groups, we discuss both technical features and drawbacks of the classic approach adopted to render the digital representation of diagrams that display either the action of tessellation and the limit sets related to Kleinian groups in one complex variable. We will then follow to illustrating the details of a new approach, based upon numerical base conversion. This discussion will be supported by pseudo-code, in order to explain the implementation guidelines. Finally, we will review the benefits of this algorithm.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Limit set

value: dynamical systems

value: Kleinian group

value: linear fractional transformation

value: circle inversion


title: Permanence Analysis for Continuous and Discrete-time Generalized Lotka-Volterra Models with Delay and Switching of Parameters

dc.contributor.author

value: Aleksandrov, Alexander Yur'evich

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper is addressed to the permanence problem for a generalized Lotka-Volterra system modeling interaction of species in a biological community. The impact of a constant delay and switching of parameters on the dynamics of the system is taken into account. Our analysis is based on the Lyapunov direct method. An original construction of a Lyapunov--Krasovskii functional is proposed. The conditions for the existence of such a functional are formulated in terms of feasibility of special systems of linear algebraic inequalities. It is proved that, under these conditions, the investigated system is permanent for any constant positive delay and any admissible switching signal. In addition, a discrete-time counterpart of the considered model is studied for which the permanence analysis is fulfilled, as well. A comparison of the obtained permanence conditions with known ones is provided. It is shown that the constraints on the system parameters derived in this paper are less conservative.

value: population dynamics

value: ultimate boundedness

value: permanence

value: delay

value: switching

value: Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional

dc.type

value: Article


title: Nonlinear Problem Involving the Fractional P(x)-Laplacian Operator by Topological Degree

dc.contributor.author

value: Ait Hammou, Mustapha

dc.description.abstract

value: This paper is concerned with the study of a nonlinear problem involving the fractional p(x)-Laplacian operator. By means of the Berkovits degree theory, we prove the existence of nontrivial weak solutions for this problem. The appropriate functional framework for this problem is the fractional Sobolev spaces with variable exponent.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Differential Equations and Control Processes;Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Nonlinear elliptic problem

value: fractional p(x)−Laplacian operator

value: Degree theory


dc.contributor.author

value: Sivunova, Dana

value: Yakovleva, Ekaterina

value: Naimark, Elena

value: Lysenkov, Sergey

value: Perfilieva, Ksenia

value: Markov, Alexander

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sivunova, D., Yakovleva, E., Naimark, E., Lysenkov, S., Perfilieva, K., and Markov, A. 2024. Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to high and low osmolarity promotes evolutionary change in the phenotypic plasticity of the larval anal organs. Bio. Comm. 69(3): 149–161. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.303

dc.description.abstract

value:
The anal organs (AO) of Drosophila larvae provide a textbook example of phenotypic
developmental plasticity as they expand in low osmolarity conditions
and shrink when larvae are reared on a high-salt medium. Waddington (1953)
experimentally showed that these plastic changes might undergo “genetic assimilation”:
the adaptive plastic change in the size of AO under high salinity
conditions became hereditary after a few generations of rearing on a high-salt
medium. Later attempts to replicate this finding produced ambiguous results.
To clarify the question, we analyzed plastic osmolarity-related changes in the
size of AO in three D. melanogaster lines adapted to low, intermediate, and high
osmolarity during a long-term evolutionary experiment. We failed to replicate
the genetic assimilation. However, we find that the reaction norm became wider
in the low osmolarity adapted line. Additionally, we studied the fine structure
of AO in fly lines using dying, SEM, and microtomography and revealed phenotypic
plasticity of nanoscale pits on the surface of AO as well as confirmed the
reduction of the epithelial cells of AO in flies adapted to higher osmolarity.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was funded
by the Russian Science Foundation
No. 22-24-00227, https://rscf.ru/en/
project/22-24-00227/.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 69; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: anal papillae

value: osmotolerance

value: fly

value: adaptation

value: phenotypic plasticity

value: genetic compensation

value: genetic assimilation


dc.contributor.author

value: Airapetov, Marat

value: Eresko, Sergei

value: Ignatova, Polina

value: Ganshina, Daria

value: Sukhanova, Daria

value: Mikhailova, Alexandra

value: Lebedev, Andrei

value: Bychkov, Evgenii

value: Shabanov, Petr

dc.identifier.citation

value: Airapetov, M., Eresko, S., Ignatova, P., Ganshina, D., Sukhanova, D., Mikhailova, A., Lebedev, A., Bychkov, E., and Shabanov, P. 2024. Study of gene expression of the Toll-like receptor system in the forebrain cortex of rat pups with prenatal alcohol exposure and pharmacologic correction with rifampicin. Bio. Comm. 69(3): 125–135. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.301

dc.description.abstract

value:
Ethanol causes changes in the toll-like receptor (TLR) system in the brain promoting
activation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Alcohol consumption during
pregnancy induces neuroinflammatory processes in the fetus, which can lead
to the development of symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
Modeling prenatal alcohol exposure in our experiment resulted in changes in
the expression of TLR system genes (Tlr3, Tlr4, Hmgb1, Trif, cytokine genes) in
the forebrain cortex of baby rats. The administration of rifampicin (from the
first to the seventh day of neonatal development) normalized the altered expression
level of the studied genes. This suggests that rifampicin may prevent
the development of persistent neuroinflammatory phenomena in the forebrain
cortex of baby rats.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out
within the framework of the State Task
of the Ministry of Education and Science
of Russia “Neurobiological mechanisms
of pathogenesis of socially significant
diseases and post-traumatic disorders. New
approaches to the modeling of pathological
processes and correction of disorders”, code
FGWG-2024-0015.

dc.subject

value: brain

value: PAE

value: fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

value: toll-like receptors

value: cytokine

value: rifampicin

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikolaeva, Ekaterina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikolaeva, E. 2024. Overview of Antarctic icefish species of the genus Channichthys Richardson, 1844 (Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) based on morphological studies. Bio. Comm. 69(3): 162–173. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.304

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study presents the results of a most recent comprehensive review of the
morphology of little-studied endemic Antarctic icefishes of the genus Channichthys
Richardson, 1844 (family Channichthyidae). It aims at a detailed taxonomic
revision in order to analyze their general similarity and relationships and to
conclude on the exact species composition of this genus. Previously, there was
reported from 1 polymorphic to 9 separate sympatrically widespread species
within the genus Channichthys, while the validity of most species remained
questionable up to date. In this study, the structure of the gill apparatus and
the seismosensory system have been studied along with the up-to-date methods
of digital microfocus radiography and statistical methods accompanied by
conventional methods of analyzing the external morphology of fish. The representatives
of all nine species listed previously in different publications were
analyzed with strict reference to museum collections. As a result, the validity of
only four out of nine nominal species of the genus Channichthys was confirmed:
Ch. rhinoceratus, Ch. rugosus, Ch. velifer, and Ch. panticapae. The validity of five
other species has not been confirmed: three species (Ch. aelitae, Ch. mithridatis,
and Ch. richardsoni) are conspecific with Ch. rhinoceratus, while two species
(Ch. bospori and Ch. irinae) with Ch. panticapae. Most of their distinctive morphological
characters, identified previously as indicators of the species level,
overlap with those of valid species. Improved differential diagnoses of valid
species of the genus Channichthys have been compiled, including key features
that make it possible to identify the species of this genus correctly.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by
the Russian State Task of the Zoological
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(ZIN RAS) No. 122031100285-3 “Systematics,
Phylogeny, and Biogeography of Fishes of
the Far Eastern Seas, the Arctic, Antarctic,
and Fresh Waters of Russia”, based on the
collections of the Laboratory of Ichthyology
of ZIN RAS, and using the ZIN RAS scientific
equipment, including that of the Centre of
Collective Use “TAXON” ZIN RAS.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 69; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Antarctic icefishes

value: morphology

value: taxonomy

value: validity

value: review

value: Notothenioidei

value: Channichthyidae


dc.contributor.author

value: Erokhina, Maria

value: Bushuev, Andrey

value: Palinauskas, Vaidas

value: Platonova, Elena

value: Mukhin, Andrey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Erokhina, M., Bushuev, A., Palinauskas, V., Platonova, E., and Mukhin, A. 2024. Intensity of Haemoproteus spp. blood infection differs between wild birds captured using different trapping methods. Bio. Comm. 69(3): 192–199. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.307

dc.description.abstract

value:
Infection with haemoparasites (Haemosporida spp.) is common within wild birds’
populations and has been associated with adverse effects on birds’ fitness and
life performance. Existing literature suggests a hypothesis that birds infected
with haemosporidians and exhibiting high parasitemia levels may demonstrate
reduced activity, potentially leading to their underrepresentation in captures
which use stationary traps, such as mist nets. However, there are limited studies
demonstrating this phenomenon in wild birds. To study the possible underrepresentation
of highly parasitized birds, captured with commonly used stationary
mist nets, we compared parasitemia levels of haemosporidian parasites
in wild birds captured during spring migration using both actively startling of
birds and birds trapped passively into the mist nets. Utilizing cumulative link
mixed models, we assessed the influence of trapping methods on parasitemia
scores, controlling for factors such as species identity, season progression, and
migration distance. Our dataset comprised 1815 individuals of 60 species, including
142 actively captured and 1673 passively captured ones. Although the
number of infected individuals was higher in passively caught birds (24 % in
active vs 43 % in passive), the study revealed a significant difference between
infected birds within two capture methods: despite challenges in balancing
sample sizes, and trapping dates, the findings affirm the underestimation of
birds having high parasitemia levels with prevalent mist net techniques. We
highlight the importance of considering potential biases in trapping methods
when studying haemosporidian parasites in avian hosts during migration.

value: avian haemosporidiosis

value: Haemoproteus

value: parasitemia

value: spring migration

value: chronic haemosporidiosis


dc.contributor.author

value: Malygin, Mikhail

value: Kiseleva, Irina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malygin, M. and Kiseleva, I. 2024. Aerenchyma formation in seminal roots of Hordeum vulgare in hydroponic conditions. Bio. Comm. 69(3): 136–148. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.302

dc.description.abstract

value:
Hypoxia is a severe stress factor which negatively affects plant growth. One of
the adaptations to hypoxia is formation of aerenchyma. Lysigenous aerenchyma
was found in many species, including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). At what
moment of root development and in which part of it the lysigenous cavities are
formed is not completely clear. For this, barley plants were grown hydroponically
with and without aeration for 30 and 40 days, respectively. Every 5 days
seminal roots from barley plants were detached from the seedlings, and were
divided into 4 equal parts characterizing the age gradient of cells from the apical
(1) to its base (4) part. Under hypoxic conditions, aerenchyma in barley roots
was formed in two stages — to the 10th day of growth (1st stage) and to the
30th day of growth. Lysigenous cavities were mostly formed in the parts with
the most mature cells (in the 3rd and 4th parts). Accumulation of H2O2 in basal
part of roots could be considered as a trigger for the aerenchyma formation at
the first stage, but not at the second one. Aerenchymal lacunae were absent in
seminal roots of aerated plants.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported
by Russian Science Foundation, project
No. 22-24-00817, https://rscf.ru/
project/22-24-00817/.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 69; Issue 3

value: seminal roots

value: primary cortex

value: aerenchyma

value: lacunae

value: Hordeum vulgare

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nizamutdinov, Timur

value: Zhemchueva, Darya

value: Andronov, Evgeny

value: Abakumov, Evgeny

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nizamutdinov, T., Zhemchueva, D., Andronov, E., and Abakumov, E. 2024. First data on total and carbon cycling microbial diversity of the key reference soils of the “Ladoga” carbon measurement supersite. Bio. Comm. 69(3): 174–184. https://doi. org/10.21638/spbu03.2024.305

dc.description.abstract

value: The “Ladoga” carbon supersite is part of the All-Russian carbon monitoring national system, it is located in the Boreal coniferous forest zone, and work is underway here to implement measures to control the emission of greenhouse gases. This study reports data on the total and carbon-associated diversity of the soil microbes of reference soils. We obtained 729 amplicon sequence variants from 35 soil samples. Total diversity is represented by 11 phyla of bacteria and 1 phylum of methanogenic archaea (for Histosol). Carbon-cycling bacteria diversity is represented by six phyla (Actinobacteriota; Proteobacteria; Acidobacteriota; Bacteroiodota; Firmicutes; and Verrucomicrobiota). The dominant carbon-cycling bacteria in the studied soils are Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria. The analysis of α- and β-diversity allowed us to identify three clusters of microbiota different in taxonomic composition — these are topsoil of Podzol and subsoil of Podzol (statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in abundance for Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota were revealed). Histosol is distinguished in a separate cluster of microbial diversity; it differs from Podzol in the abundance of carbon-cycling bacteria by Proteobacteria and Bacteroiodota (p < 0.0001). Further studies of the soil microbiome of the “Ladoga” carbon supersite should be focused on the study of functionally specialized groups of carbon and nitrogen cycle microbes and their ecosystem functions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The authors acknowledge Saint
Petersburg State University for a research
project 123042000071-8 (GZ_MDF_2023-2).

dc.subject

value: carbon supersite

value: soil microbiota

value: 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing

value: high-throughput sequencing

value: Podzol

value: Histosol