dc.contributor.author

value: Sotnikova, Margarita V.

value: Sevostyanov, Ruslan A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sotnikova M. V., Sevostyanov R.A. Digital control of output variables in a given range considering delay. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2021, vol. 17, iss. 4, pp. 449-463.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the control of a dynamic object with the retention of controlled
variables in the required range, taking into account the high dimension of input and output,
time delay, constraints and external disturbances. The formalized statement of the problem
of digital control synthesis is considered. An approach based on the use of predictive models
is proposed. Its key feature is the introduction of a specialized quality functional that reflects
the specifics of the problem, the error functional. This functional plays the role of a penalty
for the output of controlled variables that go beyond the specified range. It is shown that the
implementation of the control law is reduced to solving the problem of quadratic program-
ming at each instant of discrete time. The results obtained are illustrated by an example of
controlling the oil refining process in a distillation column.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project N 20-07-00531a).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: digital control

value: predictive model

value: control in a range

value: optimization

value: constraints


dc.contributor.author

value: Karpov, Andrey G.

value: Trofimov, Vasiliy V.

value: Fedorov, Arthur G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karpov A. G., Trofimov V. V., Fedorov A. G. Information and program support of the analysis and processing of holographic information. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2021, vol. 17, iss. 4, pp. 409-418.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The research of thin films of various materials on nano- and microlevel is undoubtedly topical.
Three-dimensional images of thin films can significantly increase the level of the received
results. Intellectual computer support of researches assumes the existence or creation of
mathematical and the software that implements the experimental program. Such support
can most effectively be realized with the help of an information and expert system, based
on a holographic electron microscope. In this work we presented an information and expert
system for solving this problem. When creating instrumental, hardware and software tools for
non-destructive research of the 3D structure of objects, we proceeded from the assumption
that the most complete information about the object of research can be obtained only with a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the structure of the object using complementary
techniques that allow obtaining data as a 3D image.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 17; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: electronic holography

value: image processing

value: information-expert system

value: diagnostics of nanostructures

value: information module

value: tool module

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhabko, Alexey P.

value: Provotorov, Vyacheslav V.

value: Shindyapin, Andrey I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhabko A. P., Provotorov V. V., Shindyapin A. I. Optimal control of a differential-difference parabolic system with distributed parameters on the graph. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2021, vol. 17, iss. 4, рр. 433-448.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the paper be considered the problem of optimal control of the differential-difference
equation with distributed parameters on the graph in the class of summable functions.
Particular attention is given to the connection of the differential-differential system with
the evolutionary differential system and the search conditions in which the properties of the
differential system are preserved. This connection establishes a universal method of semi-
digitization by temporal variable for differential system, providing an effective tool in finding
conditions of uniqueness solvability and continuity on the initial data for the differential-
differential system. A priori estimates of the norms of a weak solution of differential-
differential system give an opportunity to establish not only the solvability of this system
but also the existence of a weak solution of the evolutionary differential system. For the
differential-difference system analysis of the optimal control problem is presented, containing
natural in that cases a additional study of the problem with a time lag. This essentially
uses the conjugate state of the system and the conjugate system for a differential-difference
system — defining ratios that determine optimal control or the set optimal controls. The work
shows courses to transfer the results in case of analysis of optimal control problems in the
class of functions with bearer in network-like domains. The transition from an evolutionary
differential system to a differential-difference system was a natural step in the study of applied
problems of the theory of the transfer of solid mediums. The obtained results underlie the
analysis of optimal control problems for differential systems with distributed parameters
on a graph, which have interesting analogies with multiphase problems of multidimensional
hydrodynamics.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: differential-difference system

value: conjugate system

value: oriented graph

value: optimal control

value: delay


dc.contributor.author

value: Yulova, Ekaterina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yulova, Ekaterina S. 2021. “Title creditors’ claims to be paid after the claims listed in the Claims register in insolvency proceedings”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1034–1055.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the categories of creditors’ claims. In
most cases, these claims are not listed in the Сlaims register. These are allowed claims that
are paid after claims listed in the Claims register. In the Russian scientific literature and in
judicial practice, these claims are called “claims after those listed in the Register”, “post-listed claims”. The article analyzes the concept and types of such creditors’ claims, the procedure for
their accounting and payment in legislation, court practice, scientific research and the draft
Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law ‘On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)’”. The author
analyzes the legal problems associated with the lack of both legal consolidation of these legal
categories and a unified approach to their content. The development of the composition of the
claims “after those listed in the Register” in the domestic legislation and judicial practice is
considered. Related terms developed by legal science are compared by the author. The criteria
and grounds for lowering the priority, as well as exceptions from the list of claims “after those
listed in the Register”, adopted in law enforcement practice are highlighted. The legal regime
and the ratio of types of creditors’ claims are investigated. Special attention is paid to the
issue of determining, in theory and in practice, the moment of settlements on the claims:
within the insolvency proceedings or after its conclusion. It is concluded that the unresolved
legal problems noted in the article entail a violation of the rights and legitimate interests of
creditors, contradictions in law enforcement practice. The author makes proposals to change
the current legislation in terms of defining the concept, types, accounting procedure and
procedural aspects for payment of creditors’ claims to be paid after the claims listed in the
Claims register.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: creditors’ claims

value: insolvency

value: the order of payments for claims

value: a claim that is paid after claims listed in the Claims register

value: settlements with creditors

value: bankruptcy


dc.contributor.author

value: Kashirkina, Anna A.

value: Morozov, Andrey N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kashirkina, Anna A., Andrey N. Morozov. 2021. “Expert examination of electoral legislation in the conclusions of the Venice Commission”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1109–1127.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical approaches of the European Commission
for Democracy through Law (the Venice Commission) to the assessment of electoral
processes and elections in states. Since the Venice Commission is a subsidiary body of the
Council of Europe, special attention is paid to the observance of Council of Europe standards
in the field of human and civil rights in regard to elections. Through an empirical analysis
of various documents of the Venice Commission (conclusions, recommendations, codes of
practice, etc.), a conclusion is drawn about the existential approach of this body to assessing
the electoral legislation of states. This approach is based on a wide array of sources perceived by experts of the Venice Commission, which, in addition to state legislation and official comments,
may also include reports from the media, the Internet, the personal worldview of the
expert and comments from other persons familiar with the situation. Based on this broad
range of sources, the Venice Commission also objectifies its assessments into different acts,
which may have a variety of names, but have the force of recommendations for states. Thus,
the conclusions of the Venice Commission are acts of soft law and can be perceived by national
legal systems using various channels of implementation. The analysis of the documents of the
Venice Commission on elections and electoral processes shows that in the orbit of expertise
of this body are such issues as: prevention of abuse of power and administrative resources of
power in the organization and holding of elections; prevention of discrimination against opposition
and various minorities, etc. The issues of gender equality in state authorities, protection
of the rights of stateless persons, and voting using digital technologies are also considered.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Venice Commission

value: elections

value: electoral processes

value: international standards

value: human rights

value: legislation

value: democracy

value: legal system

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Damm, Irina A.

value: Tarbagaev, Aleksey N.

value: Ronzhina, Olga V.

value: Tolstikova, Irina N.

value: Akunchenko, Evgenii A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Damm, Irina A., Aleksey N. Tarbagaev, Olga V. Ronzhina, Irina N. Tolstikova, Evgenii A. Akunchenko. 2021. “The prohibition on entering into financial transactions with foreign counterparties and its extension to deputies of regional parliaments”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 949–964.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the problems of legal regulation of the prohibition for officials to open and
have accounts (deposits), store cash and valuables in foreign banks located outside Russia, own
and (or) use foreign financial instruments, associated with the extension of this prohibition to
deputies of legislative authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Based
on the analysis of current federal and regional legislation, the authors have identified various
approaches to the formation of a list of public offices at the level of the constituent entities
of the Russian Federation. It was also found that the provisions of regional normative legal
acts determine the effect of this prohibition in different ways in a circle of persons and often
extend it only to those deputies of the legislative (representative) authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation who exercise their powers on an ongoing basis. The existing
practice of regional rulemaking contradicts the goals of ensuring the national security of
the state, for the achievement of which the considered prohibition was established, since all
deputies, regardless of the basis for filling the corresponding position, have equal powers
to participate in the activities of the collegial body by implementing law-making initiatives
and voting on the agenda of the meeting. The authors come to the conclusion that issues
concerning the spread of anti-corruption standards of conduct to certain categories of persons
holding government positions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation cannot be
attributed to the subject of joint jurisdiction. In this regard, at the level of federal legislation,
it is necessary to provide a provision for the extension of this prohibition to deputies of the
legislative authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation who exercise their
powers both on a permanent and non-permanent basis.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: corruption

value: countering corruption

value: anti-corruption standards of conduct

value: foreign financial instruments

value: public office

value: legislative power

value: representative authorities

value: deputy

value: elected official

value: anti-corruption security


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryabtseva, Ekaterina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryabtseva, Ekaterina V. 2021. “The problem of determining ways of legal regulation for conflicts of interest in judicial activity”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 935–948.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The formation of the theoretical foundations for the prevention of conflicts of interest in
judicial activity and practical directions to curb their occurrence is due to ongoing institutional
transformations of the judicial system, changes in the status of judges and employees of the
court apparatus, as well as organizational and legal support for judicial activity. In judicial
activities, conflicts of interest are manifested in the behavior of judges during the exercise
of judicial powers due to the emergence of contradictions between personal needs and
public interests, which directly determines the nature of conflicts of interest and the form
of their manifestation in the activity in question. Judges, as carriers of the judiciary, must be
independent and impartial when exercising their exclusive right to administer justice. Conflicts
of interest directly pose a threat to impartiality, may affect trust and respect for judges, and
undermine the authority of the judiciary in society. The increasing negative impact of conflicts
of interest on the formation of a professional staff of judges, which reduces the quality of the
administration of justice, justifies the need to determine the limits of conflicts of interest. It
is necessary to formulate clear criteria for conflicts of interest for judicial activity, in which
requirements, prohibitions and restrictions are imposed on judges as carriers of the judiciary
and aimed at eliminating conflicts of interest in their behavior.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: conflicts of interest

value: prohibitions

value: restrictions

value: judge

value: personal interest

value: legal regulation

value: offense

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bastrykin, Alexandr I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bastrykin, Alexandr I. 2021. “Сountering terrorism and extremism by the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 836–846.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of one of the most complex problems of our
time — terrorism. Terrorism in modern Russia and in the world poses a real threat to the
security of society and the state. The work presents the activity of the National Antiterrorism
Committee in coordinating and organizing interagency interaction aimed at combating
terrorism, with the involvement of civil society institutions. Particular attention is given to the
legal framework for countering terrorism, which includes constant monitoring and analysis of
terrorist activity, Russian legislation in this field, and the preparation and adoption of relevant
legal acts aimed at increasing the effectiveness of countering terrorism. The article analyzes
the work of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation on the use of criminal
law measures to combat terrorist crimes using specific examples and statistics. The issues of
blocking the financing channels of terrorist organizations in the course of joint activities by
the Investigative Committee of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the FSB of
Russia and Rosfinmonitoring are also addressed. It is emphasized that effective cooperation
between all interested departments makes it possible to achieve positive results in countering
terrorism and extremism. The author proposes to minimize the consequences of terrorist
crimes on the Internet related to the recruitment of new members of terrorist organizations,
including among the youth. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to increase the role
of the informational component for crime prevention. The mass media should be used more
actively for timely and reliable posting of information related to actions by law enforcement to counter terrorist activities and educate citizens. This would make it possible to form a negative
attitude towards radicalism in all its manifestations and reject any attempt to justify terror.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: national security

value: countering terrorism

value: anti-terrorist activity

value: extremism

value: terrorist organizations

value: interagency cooperation


dc.contributor.author

value: Talapina, Elvira V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Talapina, Elvira V. 2021. “Artificial intelligence and legal expertise in public administration”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 865–881.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The legal comprehension of artificial intelligence (AI) is at an initial stage, despite its history
and practical applications. The purpose of the study is to assess the capacity of using AI for legal expertise in public administration. General legal expertise improves the quality of a
normative legal act, anti-corruption expertise serves to reduce the propensity for corruption.
The implementation of AI must be regulated, and a transparent certification system should
be created. In public administration among the reference points for regulating AI, it is noted
that the personal data-processing mode should take into consideration the specific features
of each application of AI; the mode should be differentiated. The transparency of using AI
should be indisputable. A particular complex issue for regulation is AI learning. Different
types of expertise correspond to different lists of stakeholders and data-in-use. The application
of AI for anti-corruption expertise will be most effective in relation to draft regulatory
legal acts. AI is able to contribute to the legal certainty of an act, and AI anti-corruption
expertise learning will reduce the number of participants in the process. To implement this,
it is important to consider the following circumstances. Firstly, the ability to process big data
affords the opportunity to “teach” AI in predicting corruption violations, which is important
for anti-corruption expertise based on a modeled assumption. Secondly, special attention is
required for AI learning in terms of expert subtleties in assessing legal certainty. Thirdly, the
anti-corruption evaluation algorithm must be combined with existing classifiers of legal acts,
glossaries. Anti-corruption expertise using AI makes it possible to minimize subjectivity,
unify approaches in interpreting corruption factors, increase the overall quality of normative
legal acts and meet legal and technical requirements under the condition of strict regulation
of AI learning and usage.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was written on the basis of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
under the President of the Russian Federation state assignment research program.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: expertise

value: artificial intelligence

value: corruption

value: legal security

value: digitalization

value: public administration


dc.contributor.author

value: Semenchuk, Vasilii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Semenchuk, Vasilii V. 2021. “Problems of legal regulation of operative-investigative support for the security of the Russian Federation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1017– 1033.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the problematic issues of implementing operative-investigative activity
related to obtaining information on threats to the security of the Russian Federation.
According to the author, the main problem is a contradiction in the provisions between the
Federal Law “On the operative-investigative activity” with the sectoral legislation regulating
the state bodies engaged in operative-investigative activity. First of all, the terminology of
the sectoral legislation does not comply with the Federal Law “On operational-investigative
activity”. Secondly, sectoral legislation does not provide the same degree of protection for all
types of security of the Russian Federation. For example, sectoral legislation does not permit
operative-investigative activity in order to identify threats to environmental safety. Thirdly,
officials of state bodies do not always clearly understand which law to execute. We can conclude
that only the bodies of the Federal Security Service and the Federal Guard Service are directly
vested with the rights to carry out operative-investigative activity in order to identify threats
to the security of the Russian Federation. However, officials involved in operative-investigative
activity often do not take into account their operational-search jurisdiction and go beyond
their established authority. In order to eliminate this problem, the author proposes to bring
the provisions of sectoral legislation in line with the Federal Law “On operative-investigative
activity”. Another problem that impedes the effective operative-investigative support for the
security of the Russian Federation, in the author’s opinion, is the insufficiency of specification
of security threats as grounds for conducting operative-investigative measures. The author
proposes to address in the legislation the most significant threats to the security of the Russian
Federation, which can be regarded as independent grounds for implementing operativeinvestigative
measures.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: operative-investigative activity

value: operative-investigative measures

value: security of the Russian Federation

value: operative-investigative jurisdiction

value: security threats

value: national interests

value: operative-investigative support

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tomashevski, Kirill L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tomashevski, Kirill L. 2021. “Problems of freedom of association and scope of collective agreements in Belarus as a challenge to international labor standards”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1082–1094.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Law of the Republic of Belarus of 18.07.2019 No. 219-Z of Article 365 of the Labor Code
of the Republic of Belarus was set forth in a new version. The interpretation of the norms
enshrined in it regarding the scope of collective agreements has caused not only difficulties
in practice for trade unions and employers, but also indirectly threatens freedom of association
and the principle of non-discrimination. The joint explanation by the Ministry of Labor
and Social Protection and the Federation of Trade Unions of Belarus, adopted in October
2020, did not remove all questions, since its literal interpretation can lead to discrimination
in labor relations. The article analyzes the statement of a Belarusian politician regarding the
mandatory creation of trade unions in all private companies under the threat of their liquidation.
This statement in comparison with the collective bargaining endeavor of 2020–2021 on
amendments and additions to collective agreements at many Belarusian enterprises is compared
with international legal acts, the norms of the Constitution of Belarus, and the Labor Code of Belarus. It is concluded that such statements and attempts to include discriminatory
norms in collective agreements, making the application of their provisions dependent on participation
or non-participation in a trade union, are in contradiction with the norms of the
Constitution of Belarus, international labor standards in terms of the generally recognized
principle of freedom of association and the effective right to collective bargaining, proclaimed
in a number of international legal acts of the UN and the ILO. Proposals are made to overcome
the trade union monopoly in terms of collective agreements, expanding the scope of collective
agreements in the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the previous historical experience
of Belarus and the positive experience of the Russian Federation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was supported by a grant from the Russian Scientific Foundation (project no. 19-18-
00517).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: freedom of association

value: trade unions

value: collective agreement

value: scope

value: conventions

value: covenant

value: constitution

value: workers’ organizations

value: state

value: violation


dc.contributor.author

value: Vlasov, Anatoly A.

value: Dvalishvili, Lika Z.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vlasov, Anatoly A., Lika Z. Dvalishvili. 2021. “Defendant’s bad faith as a basis for the court’s non-application of limitation of action”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1056– 1068.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The subject of this study is an analysis of possible changes to action limitation period norms
of the Russian Civil Code in light of the introduction of good faith as a fundamental principle
of the legal regulation of civil relations. The issue involves the non-application of limitation
of action by courts as a result of the defendant’s actions that are incompatible with good
faith. Since, on the one hand, limitation of action has been established in order to protect the
defendant from untimely, belated, and sometimes unfair claims by the plaintiff, and, on the
other hand, the defendant’s reference to omitting the statute of limitations completely deprives
the plaintiff of the protection of his rights and legal interests violated by the defendant in
bad faith. The goal of legal regulation is to find a solution that provides an optimal fair
balance between the interests of the conflicting parties. In this regard, the authors propose a
compromise model that presupposes the establishment of the degree of the defendant’s bad
faith and, at the same time, takes into account the plaintiff ’s capability to file a lawsuit within
the limitation period. The decisions of Russian courts on the refusal of courts to apply the
limitation of actions due to the defendant’s bad faith are examined in this article. Also, the
re-qualifying of a disputable transaction as void in consequence of the gross abuse of the
right by the defendant is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the mandatory nature of
the Civil Code norms providing limitation of action: in order to protect the plaintiff from
the defendant’s dishonest actions and to ensure uniformity of legal regulation meeting the
interests of justice, it is proposed to legalize agreements on increasing the limitation period,
taking into account, however, the need to protect the interests of the weaker party to the
contract.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

value: non-application of limitation of action

value: bad faith of the defendant

value: gross unfairness

value: agreements to increase the limitation period

value: estoppel

value: a fair balance of parties’ interests


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Tatyana I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova, Tatyana I. 2021. “Justice of punishment: Theoretical format and law enforcement practice”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 984–1002.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the theoretical and law enforcement aspects of justice as a principle of
punishability, the purpose of criminal punishment and the general commencement of sentencing.
The primary focus is the issues of appointment and execution of punishment in the form
of imprisonment. The problems of exemption from serving a sentence due to illness, penalization
of drug crimes and compensatory punishment as the most relevant and illustrative facts
of the existing relationship of justice with the principles of legality and humanism are analyzed
in particular. Based on the study of the exclusion of persons sentenced to imprisonment, the
boundaries of the fairness of individual sanctions of criminal law norms were studied, and the
fairness of their application was evaluated in connection with the possibilities of modern justice,
including the presence of discrete powers of the court in terms of assigning a specific type
of correctional institution. It is noted that the discursive analysis of legal studies and empirical
data reflects two main directions for the implementation of justice of punishment in its effective
appointment and execution: on the one hand, the correction of the convicted person in a
safe penitentiary process should be provided, and on the other, there are deontic expectations
of the victim, society and the state from the impact of necessary and sufficient measures for
criminal coercion. Observation of the results of the author’s research, data from judicial practice
and statistics does not allow us to draw a conclusion about the absolutization of the justice
of punishment in the considered aspects. However, a promising focus of the penitentiary process
is the increased individualization and differentiation of punishment based on the nature
and degree of public danger of the crime, as well as the importance of private-public interests.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: justice

value: legality

value: humanism

value: principles of criminal law

value: punishment

value: imprisonment

value: regime

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Arkhipov, Vladislav V.

value: Naumov, Victor B.

value: Smirnova, Kseniia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Arkhipov, Vladislav V., Victor B. Naumov, Kseniia M. Smirnova. 2021. “The limits of automatic decision-making based on artificial intelligence in cases that have legal significance”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 882–906.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Artificial intelligence technologies represent one of the “pervasive digital technologies” that
predetermine the current landscape of society’s technological development. The key problem
of applying artificial intelligence technologies from the point of view of law is the limits of
making legally significant decisions based on artificial intelligence. Although on the surface this
issue may seem quite new, in fact it has been investigated in legal science and interdisciplinary
research for decades. These limits can be divided into paradigmatic, axiological and pragmatic ones. Paradigmatic limits are associated with fundamental notions about the meaning of
agency in law, and they predetermine the principle of human participation in decisions made
with the help of artificial intelligence. Axiological limits presuppose a consistent realization
of certain formalized values with respect to new social relations. The most developed system
of axiological limits follows from the European concept of human rights. Pragmatic limits
are conditioned by peculiarities of both law itself and the technological architecture of
artificial intelligence in a social context. Pragmatic limits in this sense include the problem
of the “open texture” of legal language and the “semantic limits” of law. The principle of nondiscrimination
of legal subjects in machine learning can also be considered as a pragmatic
limit. The analysis of the modern regulatory landscape at the level of regulatory practices
and self-regulation, focusing on representative international experience, makes it possible to
verify the hypothesis of paradigmatic, axiological and pragmatic limits and to suggest their
use in the further development of legal regulation of decision-making relations using artificial
intelligence systems.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared as part of the thematic research plan of the Institute of the Law of Digital
Environment, National Research University Higher School of Economics.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: artificial intelligence

value: law

value: automatic decision-making

value: legally significant decisions

value: limits of law

value: digital economy


dc.contributor.author

value: Kondrashev, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kondrashev, Andrey A. 2021. “Administrative liability for ‘disrespect’ to the authorities in Russia: Gross defects in legislative regulation and enforcement”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 965–983.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the new composition of an administrative offense introduced in Art.
20.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation in 2019 on the initiative
of several well-known senators and deputies, which received the name in public discourse —
“liability for disrespect to the authorities”. The author, using the practice of the Supreme Court
of the Russian Federation and the ECHR, proves the legal inconsistency of the introduced
measure of liability, both from the point of view of its inconsistency with constitutional
principles, and from the standpoint of contradiction with international standards for the
implementation of freedom of speech, developed by the ECHR and binding on Russia.
Moreover, the article notes that in democratic European countries there is a tendency to
exclude or not apply criminal liability for insulting the head of state, at the same time in nondemocratic
countries there is an opposite trend: the expansion of the list of sanctions and
their tightening in relation to citizens insulting the highest official of the respective state. The
article analyzes that the evaluative formulations chosen by the legislator: “an indecent form
that offends human dignity and public morality” and “a clear disrespect for society, the state,
official state symbols of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Russian Federation
or bodies exercising state power”, during a short judicial application (several months), have
already led to the emergence of controversial situations in the application of this norm and
the issuance of not entirely substantiated judicial acts against Russian citizens. The author
proposed to the legislator to exclude from the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian
Federation parts 3–5 of Art. 20.1 and also consider the exclusion of Art. 148, 297, 319, 336 of
the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation since they violate the provisions of Articles
19 and 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. These two articles of the Constitutions
establish excessive, disproportionate and discriminatory guarantees for the legal protection of
certain categories of Russian citizens (civil servants, law enforcement officials, judges, military
personnel), to the detriment of the general legal constitutional principle of equality of all
before the law and court.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: insulting the head of state

value: petty hooliganism

value: insulting state symbols

value: freedom of speech

value: indecent form

value: obvious disrespect


dc.contributor.author

value: Jiang, Siyuan

value: Luo, Lan

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jiang Siyuan, Luo Lan. 2021. “Trade activities and investments in the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Ways and means of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of enterprises”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1137–1153.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the global system. It has especially
increased uncertainty in overseas investment and foreign trade activity of enterprises. The
pandemic continues to cause economic, political and legal risks (especially compliance risk
and default risk) faced by enterprises entering foreign markets and carrying out investment
activities. Therefore, enterprises need to enhance their legal awareness, strengthen compliance
management of overseas investment by enterprises and create a risk management system, and
carry out investment activities on the premise that they comply with international rules, the
legal norms of the host country and the relevant domestic laws and regulations. On this basis,
governments should strengthen the rule of law concerning foreign affairs, improve related
government regulations for overseas investments. According to the “Outline of the 14th Five-
Year Plan (2021–2025) for National Economic and Social Development and Vision 2035 of the
People’s Republic of China”, China will improve its legislation on overseas investment, support
enterprises to integrate into the global industrial and supply chain, improve the transnational
operational capacity and level, and guide enterprises to strengthen compliance management
so they can prevent and resolve overseas political, economic, and security risks. The Government of the People’s Republic of China enhances friendly cooperation in the legal field and establishes
working mechanisms for consultation and coordination with other countries. Much
attention is paid to conducting research in the field of strengthening risk assessment methods
and risk management for enterprises engaging in outward investment.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: pandemic

value: trading activities

value: investment risks

value: Chinese investment legislation

value: outward investment

value: legal service

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Laptev, Dmitry B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Laptev, Dmitry B. 2021. “Subordination, reordination and coordination ties in the structure of other measures of a criminal-legal nature”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1003– 1016.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In order to determine the specifics of subordination, reordination and coordination ties
in the structure of other measures of a criminal-legal nature, the content of the system of
these measures is analysed, in which it is proposed to include measures related to isolation
or restriction of personal freedom and measures related to the restriction of property rights.
It is suggested to define a system of other measures of a criminal-legal nature as a holistic set, built on a hierarchical principle and divided into two subsystems, the normative reflection of
which takes place in the provisions of the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian
Federation, and social — in specific public relations arising from the commission of a crime
and the need to apply criminal law measures to it. In the study of external subordinate
relations, it is concluded that other measures of a criminal-legal nature have become a fullfledged
component of criminal law, alternative to criminal punishment or supplementing the
restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the convicted person arising from the application
of punishment. Internal subordinate ties reflect the structure of the system of other measures
of a criminal-legal nature and allows them to be distributed according to their functional
purpose. The conclusion is made that the reordination ties demonstrate the cosubordination
of the subsystem of the system for other measures of a criminal-legal nature, as well as a
blanket (reference) interaction with other elements of the system of criminal-legal action,
or with other spheres of social life, which intersect with negative social phenomena. Also, it
is substantiated that coordination ties in the structure of the system of other measures of a
criminal-legal nature are unilateral and create conditions for the use of discretionary powers
related to the preservation of the application of these measures or refusal of them in favor of a
stricter criminal-legal act, punishment.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: punishment

value: system

value: systemic ties

value: subordinated ties

value: reordained ties

value: coordination ties


dc.contributor.author

value: Soloviev, Alexandr A.

value: Suyazov, Viacheslav V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Soloviev, Alexandr A., Viacheslav V. Suyazov. 2021. “Organizational and legal mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of public spending on education and science”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 907–920.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article, the concept of the unity of the system of state educational and scientific
organizations of the Russian Federation is developed. Currently at the federal level, strategic
planning programs (for example, the project “Priority-2030”) have been approved. The
projects are aimed at the development of domestic systems of science and education, in
particular, at increasing their competitiveness in the international arena. Specific measures
in relation to state organizations play a special role in this issue, not least in relation to the
use of state property assigned to the relevant organizations. The authors substantiate the
possibility of a practical application of individual mechanisms that can significantly increase
the efficiency of the use of public resources in the fields of science and education, both through
administrative measures and through the development of horizontal ties between the state
organizations themselves. Distinctly, the authors touch upon the provisions of the Federal Law
of December 22, 2020 No. 456-FZ “On Amending Parts Two and Four of the Civil Code of
the Russian Federation and invalidating legislative acts (certain provisions of legislative acts)
of the Russian Federation”, which make changes to the procedure for transferring rights to
use intellectual property from developers to a public entity. The authors emphasize that this
reform is controversial and does not sufficiently reflect the interests of a public entity when
creating an intellectual product at the expense of budgetary funds, and they also propose
separate measures to address the problem.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

value: the right to education

value: higher education system of the Russian Federation

value: science and education

value: efficiency of budget expenditures

value: resource provision

value: the results of intellectual activity

value: state universities of Russia

value: digital educational environment

value: academic ratings


dc.contributor.author

value: Shishmareva, Tatyana P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shishmareva, Tatyana P. 2021. “Legal means of effective rehabilitation of a debtor or its enterprise in restricting procedures in Russia and Germany”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1128–1136.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the legal means of rehabilitation during the extrajudicial procedure for
restructuring an enterprise in German law, as well as the provisions of the Russian law draft
that introduces a similar judicial procedure. The purpose of this study is to formulate the main
provisions of the rehabilitation procedures of insolvency (bankruptcy) in the national Russian
legislation on the basis of the normative regulation and doctrinal concepts prevailing in Germany,
where both debtor and his enterprise can be rehabilitated. The main research methods
used were comparative legal and historical legal methods in combination with the systematic
method. The methods of synthesis, interpretation, and the teleological method were also used
to assist in selecting the appropriate legal means to achieve the goal of rehabilitating the debtor
or his enterprise. The legal nature of the law of the restructuring plan is analyzed as well as its
main elements and the procedure for adoption and approval that takes into account creditors’
interests of. It is concluded that rehabilitation can be carried out in the form of extrajudicial
rehabilitation both within the framework of a special procedure and in a free form on the basis
of an agreement between the debtor and his creditors in regard to debt restructuring. The legal
means of reorganization of the debtor and his enterprise are highlighted. It is substantiated
that the Russian legislation needs to change its concept of rehabilitation procedures. First of
all, it is necessary to complement the goal of rehabilitation procedures by translatable rehabilitation
if the debtor cannot be rehabilitated and to use appropriate legal means of stabilizing
and preserving the debtor’s business or part of it to minimize the negative consequences of
insolvency.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: insolvency

value: inability to pay

value: restructuring procedure

value: rehabilitation

value: replacement of assets

value: sale of an enterprise

value: forms of rehabilitation

value: extrajudicial procedures

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergei A.

value: Revazova, Ekaterina A.

value: Rudneva, Ekaterina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belov, Sergei A., Ekaterina A. Revazova, Ekaterina A. Rudneva. 2021. “Legal norms vs. doctors and patients’ perceptions of the content and meaning of the informed consent to medical intervеntion”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 847–864.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Informed consent to medical intervention represents the principle of individual autonomy,
recognized in Russian law and medical practice nearly 30 years ago, but it is still viewed as
controversial and even rejected. The purpose of informed consent is to provide obligatory
prior notification about the consequences and risks of a medical procedure to be performed,
as well as other possible options of treatment. Based on the results of anthropological and
legal studies, the article focuses on issues concerning obtaining informed consent and its
interpretations, comparing the meanings attributed to the document by lawyers, government
agencies, courts, as well as doctors and patients. The legal nature of the consent consists in
expressing a person’s will for medical intervention and his decision which cannot be made by
anyone else. The meaning that patients and doctors attribute to informed consent, as shown by
results of a survey and interviews, is shifting risks and responsibility for negative consequences
from the medical organization to the patient. Stylistic features of the document influence its
perception by ordinary citizens, resulting in fear and doubts about the doctor’s qualifications.
Russian courts usually follow a formal approach when judging whether the signature reflects
the patient’s real expressed will. Failure to understand the meaning of the document being
signed, a circumstance that is sometimes cited when justifying an error in a transaction, is
usually not recognized as sufficient. Although the document is formulated on behalf of the
patient, he receives a ready-made text, containing information of a professional nature. This
causes difficulties in the patient’s understanding of the document that has been drawn up
on his behalf. However, when a person argues that he signed an informed consent without
understanding its content, courts often do not consider his words sufficient, thus failing to
stimulate medical organizations to provide a document that is catered to ordinary people’s
medical and linguistic competences.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-
00525 “Understandability of the official Russian: legal and linguistic issues”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: informed consent

value: medical intervention

value: court practice

value: interviews

value: doctors and patients

value: language of legal documents

value: understandability of legal language

value: difficulties in understanding documents


dc.contributor.author

value: Dallakyan, Lilit

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dallakyan, Lilit. 2021. “Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of genetic characteristics in US legislation and judicial practice”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1095– 1108.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines current problems of discrimination on the grounds of genetic characteristics.
For the first time, this problem was seriously raised by the scientific community in
the USA, becoming a topic of debate and one of the areas of state legal policy. As a result,
numerous laws were drafted and adopted both at the state and federal levels to prohibit disclosure
of confidential human genetic information, as well as its misuse in areas of employment, insurance, education, housing, etc. The analysis of legislation and judicial practice has shown
that the adopted measures have introduced common basic standards, according to which employment
or promotion decisions should be based on qualifications and a person’s ability to
perform a job, and not on the basis of presumed genetic factors that do not influence the effectiveness
of their work at the current time. Insurance companies should take into account an
individual’s current state of health, and the amount of rates and premiums should not be adjusted
on the basis of predictive genetic information. Therefore, it is prohibited to discriminate
on the basis of predictive genetic information and not on the basis of a pre-existing condition.
The confidentiality of the results of genetic testing should be protected and the results of testing
should not be disclosed to third parties (including insurance companies or employers). At
the same time, federal genetic nondiscrimination law should not interfere with state laws that
provide a higher level of protection against genetic discrimination, for example in housing,
education, mortgages, etc.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: genetic nondiscrimination law

value: predictive genetic information

value: confidentiality of genetic information

value: right to privacy

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Babich, Aleksandr V.

value: Linskaya, Yulia V.

value: Kropachev, Nikolay M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Babich, Aleksandr V., Yulia V. Linskaya, Nikolay M. Kropachev. 2021. “The right of access to higher education: Administrative law aspect”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 825–835.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides an analysis of the current statutory regulation of public relations that
develop in the context of citizens exercising their right to education in the framework of
admissions procedures for the main educational programmes of higher education. The authors
of the article presume that the current subordinate regulation does not meet the requirements
of international legal acts guaranteeing citizens access to higher education on the basis of their
abilities, as well as the fundamental constitutional principles of legal regulation requiring legal
certainty from the legislator, namely: participants of legal relations should be able to foresee
the consequences of their actions. The normative provision for the exercise of the right to
education is seen by the authors as currently preventing citizens not only from anticipating the
consequences of their actions, but also from exercising their rights. The authors substantiate the
administrative nature of legal relations between educational organisations and citizens within
the framework of admission procedures. The article provides the practice of implementing
the relevant provisions of statutory instruments regulating admission procedures on the
example of individual educational institutions of higher education. In addition, proposals are
made for ways to improve the statutory regulation of admissions to educational institutions of higher education. The authors believe that the key objective of the legislator is to ensure that
citizens exercise their right to education, and therefore, exclude unreasonable restrictions of
this right expressed in the establishment of the maximum number of educational institutions
of higher education to which an application for admission can be submitted, as well as norms
that contribute to misleading citizens, including the establishment by higher educational
organizations of a minimum number of points confirming the successful completion of
admissions tests (admission to the competition).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: higher education

value: admissions procedure

value: access to education

value: educational organisations

value: legal certainty

value: educational accessibility

value: educational law

value: minimum scores


dc.contributor.author

value: Zholobov, Yaroslav B.

value: Kornev, Viktor N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zholobov, Yaroslav B., Viktor N. Kornev. 2021. “Legal status of the president of the court as a judge and organizer of judicial activities: Structure and models”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 921–934.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the structure of the legal status of the president of a general jurisdiction
court in the Russian Federation. The authors show that the term “legal status” is much more
appropriate for court presidents than “legal position” and “legal state”. A structure of the legal
status of the president of a general jurisdiction court consisting of five elements is proposed:
the procedure for appointment; guarantees of judicial activity determining the peculiarities
of the court president’s legal status compared to other holders of state power; competence of
the court president; procedure for activity termination; responsibility. The article shows that
though the legal status of the president is derived from the legal status of a judge, it has significant
differences since a judge is assumed to have experience in professional activities, unique
personal qualities, organizational and communicative skills, and therefore it is necessary to
consider the professional and titular legal status of the court president. The key challenges
associated with the development of the legal status of the president of a general jurisdiction
court in Russia are identified, such as the lack of a clear hierarchy of sources where international
legal standards are present in regard to both a mandatory and advisory nature, various
legal acts, decisions of judicial bodies, documents from the judicial community; many issues
determining the legal status of presidents of general jurisdiction courts are duplicated in a
number of sources; the powers of court presidents can be determined in documents that, at
first glance, regulate completely different types of public relations (enforcement proceedings,
combating corruption, preventing child neglect and juvenile offences, etc.). The work proposes
ways to improve the regulatory framework governing the legal status of the president of
a general jurisdiction court in Russia.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: legal status

value: court president

value: courts of general jurisdiction

value: elements of legal status

value: legal position

value: legal state


dc.contributor.author

value: Andonova, Gergana

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andonova, Gergana. 2021. “Development of juvenile delinquency — causes and conditions”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1069–1081.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the last few decades, juvenile delinquency in the Republic of Bulgaria has begun to acquire
new and specific characteristics. Inexplicable cases of violence are all too common in schools,
families and public places. The article analyzes a small part of the theories of juvenile delinquency
that exist in the global aspect, which are based on the understanding that criminal
acts are determined by mental and behavioral processes at the individual level. According to
the theory of rational choice, minors are motivated offenders who subordinate their behavior
to a certain goal. Another group of views is defined as theories of biological and psychological
traits. Antisocial manifestations are not so much due to the course of certain motivational
processes in an individual’s mental state, but primarily to the formation of individual patterns
of behavior. The article aims to assist Bulgarian criminal law and criminology in clarifying the
current circumstances in which juvenile delinquency develops, and the conclusion is that they
do not differ significantly from those in the global context. The different perspectives on juvenile
delinquency and the interdisciplinary nature of the problems are presented as objectively
as possible. Such an approach can lead to a rethinking of the mechanisms and measures that
should be applied to achieve the educational purpose of punishment. The analysis presented
in the article also supports the introduction of alternative measures to punishment, as well as
the achievement of better results in terms of resocialization of juvenile offenders.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 4

value: juvenile offenders

value: causes of crime

value: rational choice

value: biological traits

value: punishment

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vinogradov, Oleg L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vinogradov O. L. On the constants in the inverse theorems for the first derivative. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 559–571.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The known proofs of the inverse theorems of the theory of approximation by trigonometric
polynomials and by functions of exponential type are based on the idea of S.N.Bernstein to
expand a function in a series containing its functions of best approximation. In this paper,
a new method to establish the inverse theorems is introduced. We establish simple identities
that immediately imply the inverse theorems mentioned and, moreover, with better
constants. This method can be applied to derivatives of arbitrary order (not necessarily
an integer one) and (with certain modifications) to estimates of some other functionals in
terms of best approximations. In this paper, the case of the first derivative of a function
itself and of its trigonometrically conjugate is considered.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 18-11-00055).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 8 (66); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: inverse theorems

value: conjugate function


dc.contributor.author

value: Starchak, Mikhail R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Starchak M. R. A proof of Bel’tyukov—Lipshitz theorem by quasi-quantifier elimination. II. The main reduction. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 608–619.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper is the second part of a new proof of the Bel’tyukov—Lipshitz theorem,
which states that the existential theory of the structure  Z; 0, 1,+,−,≤, |  is decidable.
We construct a quasi-quantifier elimination algorithm (the notion was introduced in the
first part of the proof) to reduce the decision problem for the existential theory of
 Z; 0, 1,+,−,≤,GCD  to the decision problem for the positive existential theory of the
structure  Z>0; 1, {a·}a∈Z>0 ,GCD . Since the latter theory was proved decidable in the
first part, this reduction completes the proof of the theorem. Analogues of two lemmas
of Lipshitz’s proof are used in the step of variable isolation for quasi-elimination. In the
quasi-elimination step we apply GCD-Lemma, which was proved in the first part.

dc.subject

value: quantifier elimination

value: existential theory

value: divisibility

value: decidability

value: Chinese remainder theorem


dc.contributor.author

value: Kravchenko, Аleksandr А.

value: Khartov, Alexey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kravchenko А. А., Khartov A.A. An estimate of average case approximation complexity for tensor degrees of random processes. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 580–592.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We consider random fields that are tensor degrees of a random process of second order
with continuous covariance function. The average case approximation complexity of a random
field is defined as the minimal number of evaluations of linear functionals needed to
approximate the field with relative 2-average error not exceeding a given threshold. In the
present paper we estimate the growth of average case approximation complexity of random
field for arbitrary high its parametric dimension and for arbitrary small error threshold.
Under rather weak assumptions on the spectrum of covariance operator of the generating
random process, we obtain necessary and sufficient condition that the average case approximation
complexity has the upper estimate of a special form. We show that this condition
covers a wide class of cases and the order of the estimate of the average case approximation
complexity coincides with the order of its asymptotics, which were obtained earlier in the
paper by Lifshits and Tulyakova.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work of A.A.Khartov was supported by the joint Russian Foundation for Basic Research and
German Research Foundation (grant no. 20-51-12004).

dc.subject

value: average case approximation complexity

value: random field

value: tensor degree

value: high dimension

value: tractability

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Naumova, Natalia V.

value: Ivanov, Denis N.

value: Dorofeev, Nikita P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Naumova N.V., Ivanov D.N., Dorofeev N.P. Plate vibrations with periodically changing parameters. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 661–669.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Vibrations of square plate with periodically changing parameters are considered. The averaged
fourth-order partial differential equation for the plate deflection w is offered. Solution
of the problem is obtained by using the approximate theory. The approximate results are
presented by analytical formulas. Asymptotic averaging (realized inWolfram Mathematica)
and Finite Elements Method (ANSYS) are used to get the values of vibrations frequencies.
The comparison of numerical and asymptotic results is performed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 19-01-00208-a).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 8 (66); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: plate

value: reinforced plate

value: heterogeneous plate

value: vibrations of plates

value: deformations of plates


dc.contributor.author

value: Lebedeva, Anastasia V.

value: Ryabov, Victor M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lebedeva A.V., Ryabov V.M. Regularization of the solution of integral equations of the first kind using quadrature formulas. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 593–599.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Ill-conditioned systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAEs) and integral equations of the
first kind belonging to the class of ill-posed problems are considered. This also includes the
problem of inverting the integral Laplace transform, which is used to solve a wide class of mathematical problems. Integral equations are reduced to SLAEs with special matrices.
To obtain a reliable solution, regularization methods are used. The general strategy is to
use the Tikhonov stabilizer or its modifications, or to represent the desired solution in the
form of an orthogonal the sum of two vectors, one of which is determined stably, and to
search for the second requires some kind of stabilization procedure. In this article methods
for the numerical solution of SLAEs with positive a certain symmetric matrix or with an
oscillatory type matrix using regularization, leading to a SLAE with a reduced condition
number. A method of reducing the problem of inversion of the integral Laplace transform
to a SLAE with generalized Vandermonde matrices of oscillation type, the regularization
of which reduces the ill-conditioning of the system, is indicated.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper was prepared with the support by a grant from St. Petersburg State University, event 3
(Pure ID 75207094).

value: system of linear algebraic equations

value: integral equations of the first kind

value: ill-posed problems

value: ill-conditioned problems

value: condition number

value: regularization method


dc.contributor.author

value: Dorodenkov, Аlexander А.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dorodenkov А. А. On the stability of the zero solution of differential equation of the second order under critical case. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 572–579.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Differential equation of the form x¨+x2sgnx = Y (t, x, x˙ ), is considered, where the right-hand
side is a small periodic perturbation of t, a sufficiently differentiable function in the origin
neighborhood with variables x, x˙ . It is assumed that X perturbation is of order smallness
not lower than the fifth, if x is assigned the second order, and x˙ is assigned the third order.
Periodic functions are introduced that are the solution of the equation above with zero righthand
side. Since differentiability of the quadratic part is bounded, then differentiability of
the introduced functions is also bounded. These functions are used to transfer from the
initial equation to the system of equations in coordinates similar to polar. This system with
the help of the polynomial replacement is reduced to a system with Lyapunov constants.
Replacement coefficients are found by the partial fraction decomposition. The conclusion
about the nature of stability of the zero solution is made by a sign of the first non zero
constant. Due to the bounded differentiability of the introduced functions, the degree of
the polynomial replacement must be limited. The system of differential equations for the
replacement coefficients is solved recursively. The number of found Lyapunov constants is
also bounded. This article considers the case when all found constants are zero. To study
this problem there used the method of isolating the main part of the introduced functions
and their combinations as a result of the expantion of the latter in the Fourier series.
The remainder of the series is assumed to be sufficiently small and it is shown that its
presence can be neglected. The transition to the main parts instead of functions allows to
compensate for the lack of differentiability of the introduced functions. Considering such
systems, polynomial replacement can be again used and the Lyapunov constant for each
main part can be found. It is shown that the sign of the constant for any main part is
preserved. Sufficient conditions for stability and instability are indicated.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 8 (66); Issue 4

value: stability

value: small periodic perturbations

value: oscillator

value: Lyapunov constant

value: periodic function

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dzebisashvili, Georgii T.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dzebisashvili G. T. Applying adjustment factors in Rayleigh method to calculate vibrations principal frequency of a shell with rectangular cross-section. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 646–652.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The applying of adjustment factors in Rayleigh method to calculate vibrations principal
frequency of a shell with rectangular cross-section is considered in the paper. Behavior
patterns of the adjustment factors are generalized. Relationship between the adjustment
factors and properties of the approximate formulae is analyzed.

dc.subject

value: vibrations

value: cylindrical shell

value: Rayleigh method

value: adjustment factor


dc.contributor.author

value: Silvanovich, Olga V.

value: Shirokov, Nikolay A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Silvanovich O.V., Shirokov N.A. Approximation by entire functions on a countable set of continua. The inverse theorem. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 600–607.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The approximation theory contains many statements where the rate of approximation of a
function by polynomials, rational functions and so on is measured with the help of a scale.
The statements where some points on the relevant scale are associated with the smoothness
of the approximated function are called direct theorems of the theory of approximation. The
statements where the smoothness of the approximated function is derived from the points
on the scale of approximation by polynomials, rational functions etc., are called inverse
theorems of the theory of approximation. The class of functions is constructively discribed
in terms of the rate of approximation by polynomials, rational functions etc., if the direct
theorems correspond to the inverse theorems, i. e. the smoothness of the approximated
function and the points on the scale of approximation have one-to-one correspondence for
the class under consideration. The authors have stated earlier the direct theorem concerning
approximation by entire functions of exponential type. We considered a set of functions
defined on the countable set of mutually disjoint continua and found the rate of their
approximation by those entire functions. The present paper contains the inverse theorem
to the menthioned above direct one.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work of N.A. Shirokov was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant
no. 20-01-00209).

dc.subject

value: inverse theorems

value: theory of approximation

value: entire functions of exponential type

value: Hölder classes


dc.contributor.author

value: Fradkov, Aleksandr L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fradkov А. L. Machine learning and artificial intelligence in the works of V. A.Yakubovich. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 620–624.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This note precedes the first part of the re-publication of the article by V. A. Yakubovich
“Machines learning pattern recognition”, first published by the Leningrad University Publishing
House in the collected works “Methods of Computation” in 1963.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 8 (66); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: history of mathematics

value: machine learning

value: artificial intelligence

dc.title

value: Article


dc.identifier.citation

value: Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov. April 14, 2021. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, p. 660.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Sessions of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on
the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov. April 14, 2021


dc.contributor.author

value: Renev, Maksim E.

value: Dobrov, Yuri V.

value: Lashkov, Valery A.

value: Mashek, Igor Ch.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Renev M.E., Dobrov Yu.V., Lashkov V.A., Mashek I. Ch. The numerical simulation of air heating dynamics by interelectrode discharge. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 683–694.

value:
In the paper the first 200 ns of the air pulsed interelectrode discharge with gasdynamics
dynamics is considered. Exactly this first step of the discharge evolution is the most interesting
for obtaining the properties of heat power input in the interelectrode gap. The data
about heating of layers near the cathode and the anode, volume heating at the end of the
first step are presented. The spherical shock wave is produced near the cathode.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 19-31-90071). The
research was carried out using the equipment of the resource center of the Science Park St. Petersburg
State University “Computing Center”.

dc.subject

value: impulse interelectrode discharge

value: plasma

value: simulation

value: air

value: thermal physics


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryabov, Victor M.

value: Yartsev, Boris A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryabov V. M., Yartsev B.A. Nonclassical vibrations of a monoclinic composite strip. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 695–708.

value:
A mathematical model of damped flexural-torsional vibrations of monoclinic composite
strip of constant length rectangular cross section is proposed. The model is based on the
refined bending theory Timoshenko beams, the theory of generalized Voigt—Lekhnitskii
torsion and the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle in the linear theory of viscoelasticity.
A two-stage method for solving a coupled system of differential equations is
developed. First, using the Laplace transform in spatial variable, real natural frequencies
and natural forms are found. To determine the complex natural frequencies of the strip in
found real values are used as their initial values of natural frequencies, and then the complex
frequencies are calculated by the method iterations of the third order. An assessment
of the reliability of the mathematical model and method of numerical solution, performed
by comparing calculated and experimental values of natural frequencies and loss factors
is given. The results of a numerical study of the effect angles of orientation of reinforcing
fibers and lengths by the values of natural frequencies and loss factors for free-free and cantilever
monoclinic stripes are discussed. It is shown that for the free-free strip the region of
mutual transformation eigenmodes of coupled vibration modes arise for quasi-bending and
quasi-twisting vibrations of either even or odd tones. In the console strip of the region of
mutual transformation of eigenforms of coupled modes vibrations occur for both even and
odd tones.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 8 (66); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: composite

value: monoclinic strip

value: coupled vibrations

value: natural frequency

value: loss factor


dc.contributor.author

value: Yakubovich, V. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yakubovich V. A. Machines that learn image recognition. I. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 625–638.

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Patel, Ishan K.

value: Tikhonov, Aleksey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Patel I.K., Tikhonov A.A. Contactless capture and removal of space debris using electromagnetic induction. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 670–682.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A new method of contactless removal of space debris using electromagnetic induction is
considered. The method works on the basis of Faraday’s law of induction and Lenz’s law.
This paper focuses on the development of a method for capturing electrically conductive
debris in order to transfer it to a separate orbit, such as the graveyard orbit. The concept
is that a hypothetical toroidal coil generates a sufficiently strong magnetic field when an
electric current is applied, which is implemented on the moving debris. The orbital dynamics
of space debris is studied using numerical simulations. The applicability of the idea
is discussed based on simulations, and strategies for improvement and further study are
considered.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 19-01-00146-a).

dc.subject

value: active debris removal

value: contactless method

value: space debris

value: electromagnetic induction


dc.contributor.author

value: Tkhai, Valentin N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tkhai V.N. Equilibria and oscillations in a reversible mechanical system. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 709–715.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper investigates symmetric periodic motions (SPM) of reversible mechanical systems.
A solution is given to the problem of bilateral continuation of a nondegenerate SPM to the
global family of such SPMs. The result is applied to the general case of Euler’s problem on
a heavy rigid body, when the body parameters are not bound by equality conditions and
two families of pendulum oscillations are found connecting the lower and upper equilibria.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 19-01-00146).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 8 (66); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: reversible mechanical system

value: equilibrium

value: symmetric periodic motion

value: continuation

value: global family

value: Euler’s problem

value: pendulum oscillations


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogatko, Vsevolod I.

value: Potekhina, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogatko V. I., Potekhina E.A. On mathematical modeling of a hypersonic flow past a thin wing with variable shape. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 639–645.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present work is devoted to a further study of the spatial flowing of a thin wing of
variable shape by a hypersonic flow of non-viscous gas. The head shock wave is considered
to be attached to the leading edge of the wing. The use of the thin shock layer method for
solving the system of gas dynamics equations makes it possible to build a mathematical
model of the flow in question. It should also be noted that the analysis of boundary conditions
makes it possible to determine the structure of the expansion of the quantities sought
in a series and to construct approximate analytical solutions. In this case, in determining
the first approximation corrections, two equations are integrated independently of the other
equations. The application of the Euler—Ampere transform allows to construct a solution
depending on two arbitrary functions and an unknown of the shock front. To determine
these functions, previously it was obtained an integro-differential system of equations. This
paper proposes one of the variants of the semi-inverse method for constructing the solution
of this system, in which the form of one of arbitrary function is given. This approach
allows you to additionally set the equation for the leading edge of the wing, and in the
case when the head wave is attached along the entire leading edge and the inclination of
the wing surface on it. The variant of the semi-inverse method presented in the work for
the non-stationary spatial problem of the flow has made it possible to obtain a particular
solution, which is a model for various flow regimes around the wing. Formulas are obtained
to determine: the shape of the front of the shock wave, the shape of the surface of the
streamlined body, the distance between the shock wave and the surface of the body, and
the flow parameters on the wing surface.

dc.subject

value: mathematical modeling

value: hypersonic flowing of bodies

value: unsteady flows

value: partial differential equations

value: small parameter

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuleshov, Alexander S.

value: Solomina, Darya V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuleshov A. S., Solomina D.V. Liouvillian solutions in the problem of rolling of a heavy homogeneous ball on a surface of revolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 653–660.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of rolling without sliding of a homogeneous ball on a fixed surface under the
action of gravity is a classical problem of nonholonomic system dynamics. Usually, when
considering this problem, following the E. J.Routh approach it is convenient to define explicitly
the equation of the surface, on which the ball’s centre is moving. This surface is
equidistant to the surface, over which the contact point is moving. From the classical works
of E. J. Routh and F. Noether it was known that if the ball rolls on a surface such that its
centre moves along a surface of revolution, then the problem is reduced to solving the second
order linear differential equation. Therefore it is interesting to study for which surface
of revolution the corresponding second order linear differential equation admits Liouvillian
solutions. To solve this problem it is possible to apply the Kovacic algorithm to the corresponding
second order linear differential equation. In this paper we present our own method
to derive the corresponding second order linear differential equation. In the case when the
centre of the ball moves along the ellipsoid of revolution we prove that the corresponding
second order linear differential equation admits a liouvillian solution.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants no. 19-01-00140 and
20-01-00637).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 8 (66); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: rolling without sliding

value: homogeneous ball

value: surface of revolution

value: Kovacic algorithm

value: Liouvillian solutions


dc.contributor.author

value: Kuznetsov, Vladimir B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuznetsov V.B. The determination of a preliminary orbit by Cauchy— Kuryshev—Perov method. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 716–727.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The determination of preliminary orbits of celestial bodies is of interest for observational
astronomy, from the point of the view of the discovery of new bodies or identification with
already known ones. To solve this problem, the techniques are required that are not limited
both by the values of eccentricity of the orbit and by the time intervals between observations.
In this paper, we consider the geometric Cauchy—Kuryshev—Perov method for
determining the preliminary orbit. It is shown how, within the framework of the two-body
problem, proceeding only from geometric constructions, using five angular observations to
determine an orbit that does not lie in the plane of the observer’s motion. This method
allows us to reduce the problem of determining the preliminary orbit to an algebraic system
of equations for two dimensionless variables, with a finite number of solutions. The
method is suitable for determining both elliptical and hyperbolic orbits. Moreover, it has
no restrictions on the length of the orbital arc of the observed body and is unlimited by the
number of complete revolutions around the attracting center between observations. All possible
combinations of body positions in orbit are divided into 64 variants and represented
by the corresponding systems of equations. This article presents an algorithm for finding
solutions to the problem without a priori information about the desired orbit. Solutions
are sought in a limited area, in which triangulation is performed with ranking triangles for
compliance with the search conditions, which makes it possible to exclude consideration of
most of them at the initial stage. Solutions of the system are found by the Nelder—Mead
method through the search for the minima of the objective function. The obtained orbits
are compared, through the presentation of observations, and the best one is selected. An
example of determining the orbit of comet Borisov 2I is given.

value: preliminary orbit determination

value: geometric method of Cauchy—Kuryshev— Perov

value: method of Nelder—Mead

value: algebraic equations


title: Sessions of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov. May 19, 2021

dc.identifier.citation

value: Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov. May 19, 2021. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, p. 715.

dc.type

value: Article


dc.identifier.citation

value: On the international scientific conference on mechanics “The Ninth Polyakhov Readings”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 728–731.

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.identifier.citation

value: In memoriam of Yuri Viktorovich Baryshev. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 734–736.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 8 (66); Issue 4


dc.identifier.citation

value: On the anniversary of Arina Alekseevna Arkhipova. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2021, vol. 8 (66), issue 4, pp. 732–733.


dc.contributor.author

value: Verlinsky, Alexander

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alexander Verlinsky. Draco’s Constitution and Political Ideas of Athenian Oligarchs. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (2), 186–206.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article which serves as a sequel to an earlier one the author argues that Draco’s constitution
(DC) in Arist. AP 4 does not derive from an oligarchic political pamphlet in which it
served as a prototype of a constitution to be implemented in Athens as the majority of scholars
believe. The preponderance of scholars believe, relying on the alleged similarity of DC to the
project of the ‘Constitution of Five Thousands’ (AP 30) in 411 BC, that DC emerged in the
same ‘moderate’ oligarchic circles as a project of the same kind. Others propose later dates
for its appearance but almost unanimously ascribe to oligarchic moderates who pleaded for a
‘hoplite constitution.’ The author argues contra that although DC is not reliable as a historical
document, it differs considerably from the known political projects of oligarchs. Its distinguishing
features make it anachronistic for conditions of 5th–4th centuries BC, but they are
much more at home in the last decades of 7th BC. It is likely that Aristotle found this fictional
account in one of the historical sources he used in the AP in which it was fabricated to fill a
gap in the lacunose history of the early Athenian constitution and it may have been meant to
diminish tendentiously Solon’s contribution, representing the latter as modifying the already
existing state order.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Aristotle

value: Draco’s constitution

value: political ideas of Athenian oligarchs

value: historical sources of Arist. AP


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsiampokalos, Theofanis

dc.identifier.citation

value: Theofanis Tsiampokalos. Let’s talk about rhetoric! Plutarch’s position within a long, ideologically burdened tradition in the history of education. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (2), 207–221.

dc.description.abstract

value: The question of Plutarch’s attitude towards rhetoric has occupied several scholars since the 19th century. The traditional view is that it is rather negative. Although Plutarch acknowledges some value in rhetoric as a means of persuasion in politics, he nevertheless attributes the dominant role to ethos. As it will be shown below, however, this picture is only partially justified after a closer examination of the relevant texts in their historical-cultural context. In the present work, Plutarch’s remarks on rhetoric are considered against the background of the traditional conflict between rhetoric and philosophy, and analyzed in relation to three thematically significant oppositions, namely that between teaching and persuading, between speech and ethos, and between the philosophers and the sophists. The result is that the secondary, supporting role that rhetoric assumes in certain passages as a means of persuasion is to be relativized rather than emphasized. It can be explained in each case on the basis of its argumentative function. In other cases in Plutarch’s work, where rhetoric is discussed, the attitude expressed is in principle positive without the usual opposition between speech and ethos playing a role at the same time.

dc.subject

value: Plutarch

value: Plato

value: philosophy

value: rhetoric

value: ethos

value: sophists


dc.contributor.author

value: Wöhrle, Georg

dc.identifier.citation

value: Georg Wöhrle. Fended off with Humour. Medics and Medical Procedures as Objects of Ancient Jokes. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (2), 174–185.

dc.description.abstract

value: Ancient literature, especially funerary epigrams, offers a large number of jokes about bad doctors where they are presented as (often) being dangerous, stupid, incompetent or greedy. In the present study, a basic classification of these jokes, as found for example in Martial or in the Anthologia Graeca, is suggested where the ubiquity of such outpours are recognized as a kind of psychological valve intended to counter the utter powerlessness of a man in the face of an all-powerful profession. On these grounds, the doctor can be attacked as personified evil to an extent that the very name of one spelt death. In addition, medics can be satirized as dangerously ignorant quacks dealing in dubious procedures, and this is applicable to various areas of medicine from ophthalmology to surgery and internal medicine. Finally, the moral misconduct of doctors, their greed, as well as sexual abuse is humorously put in the spotlight. An analysis of a piece by Ausonius is appended to offer a recognized way to tackle inept physicians — to deny them of their status as medics.

dc.language.iso

value: de

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: ancient medicine and ancient literature

value: jokes about bad doctors

value: Anthologia Graeca

value: Ausonius

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikolaev, Alexander

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alexander Nikolaev. Iranian *zganda- ‘mounted messenger’, *zgad- ‘to ride’ and Greek σφαδᾴζω. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (2), 222–227.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article argues that Greek σφαδᾴζω ‘struggle, toss one’s body about’ is etymologically related to Proto-Iranian *zgad- ‘to ride, gallop’ and *zganda- ‘messenger’, the source of loanwords σαγγάνδης and ἀσγάνδης in Greek. Iranian nominal stems *zgandá- ‘rider, mounted messenger’ and *zgánda- ‘riding’ (reflected in Sogdian non-finite forms) suggest the reconstruction of a Proto-Iranian root *zgand-, the zero-grade form of which is found in tudáti-type verbal stem *zgadá-ti ‘rides, gallops’ (*zgad- < *zgn̥ d-). The correspondence between Greek σφ- and Iranian *zg- is unproblematic, since these are regular reflexes of PIE *sgwh- in both languages, compare Younger Avestan zgərəsna- ‘round, circular’ vis-à-vis Greek σφαῖρα ‘sphere, ball, globe’. Importantly, in its earliest attestations Greek σφαδᾴζω is used to refer to horses that are prancing, struggling, and moving violently: the application of the verb to human agony is demonstrably secondary. The Greek verb is best analyzed as a denominative *σφαδαι-ιζω derived from an unattested adjective *σφάδαιος, itself made from a nominal stem *σφάδη or *σφαδή, cf. ματᾴζω ‘speak foolishly’ ← μάταιος ‘foolish’ ← μάτη ‘foolishness’; the underlying unattested noun, whether *σφάδη ‘kicking, tossing’ or *σφαδή ‘kick, toss’, is based on a thematic verbal stem *σφαδε/ο- ‘to kick, toss, move swiftly (of horses)’ identical in origin with Proto-Iranian *zgadá-ti. On the basis of these forms, a new PIE root *sgwhend- / *sgwh ̥n d- ‘to move quickly (of horses)’ can be reconstructed.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: etymology

value: Ancient Greek language

value: Iranian languages

value: Avestan

value: Khotanese

value: Sogdian

value: derivational morphology

value: denominative verb


title: The Falernian Picnic (Hor. Carm. 2, 3)

dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Sofia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sofia Egorova. The Falernian Picnic (Hor. Carm. 2, 3). Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (2), 228–233.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with the structure of Horace’s Carm. 2, 3, in which the poet advises Dellius
to cultivate calm and goes on to describe a luxurious picnic. Whereas other commentators
since antiquity have connected Falernian wine with an anecdote of Quintus Dellius (Plut. Ant.
59, 4: “For he had offended Cleopatra at supper by saying that while sour wine was served to
them, Sarmentus, at Rome, was drinking Falernian. Now, Sarmentus was one of the youthful
favourites of Caesar, such as the Romans call deliciae.” [Tr. B. Perrin]), this article seeks another
reason why this particular kind of wine should be mentioned here. The phrase interiore
nota Falerni in verse 8 probably indicates that the wine chosen for the picnic was not only
of good origin, but also a vintage one, and this trait of Dellius can be viewed as an extreme
desire to pursue the joie de vivre: he not only goes for a picnic (which would be a moderate
way of spending holidays, see e. g., Cic. Off. 3, 58), but he chooses the Falernian for it, and —
moreover — the aged one. Thus, the poem to Dellius is contrasted to other well-known poems
from Book 2, namely Carm. 2, 14 (to Postumus, who will not enjoy his rare wine himself) and
Carm. 2, 10, where the famous ideal of aurea mediocritas is expressed.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: aurea mediocritas

value: Carm. 2, 3

value: Dellius

value: Horace

value: nota

value: pittacium

dc.title

value: The Falernian Picnic (Hor. Carm. 2, 3)


dc.contributor.author

value: Keyer, Denis

dc.identifier.citation

value: Denis Keyer. Eumolpus’ Poetics (Petr. Sat. 118): Problems of Interpretation and Train of Thought. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (2), 234–240.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article aims to restore the train of thought in Petr. Sat. 118. 3–5. In 118. 3, the manuscript
reading sanitatem (instead of the emendation vanitatem) is to be retained and taken not as
hinting at the lack of poetic ecstasy, but as ‘stylistic simplicity’ after Pavlova 2017. The adversative
ceterum does not imply that poetry is the polar opposite of rhetoric, but stresses that contrary
to the expectations of poeticizing orators, true poetry is hard toil. The first neque-clause
does not imply contrast with rhetoric, but calls for a copious style (in particular, copious sententiae).
The second neque-clause implies that poetry must absorb an immense literary tradition
in order to attain a copious language. Thus, the two coordinate neque-clauses in 118. 3 are
paired as requiring copiousness (a) in style and (b) in language. In the next two sentences, (a)
and (b) are specified in chiastic order: (b) the borrowed diction must be elevated (118. 4); (a)
the sententiae (as the primary stylistic ornament) must be integrated into the texture of the
poem (118. 5). The idea that absorbing literary tradition must enrich poetic language may be
paralleled in Hor. Epist. 2. 2. 115–118. Sententiae are regarded as an essential constituent of
poetic style, despite the ironic remark on sententiolae vibrantes in 118. 2.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Petronius

value: Satyricon

value: literary criticism in antiquity

value: poetry and rhetoric

dc.type

value: Article