dc.contributor.author

value: Lisovskaya, Polina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Polina Lisovskaya. Selma Lagerlöf ’s travelogue on Russia: fairy tale, revelation or propaganda? Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 1, pp. 138– 148.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Speeches constitute unique and poorly studied part of Selma Lagerlöf´s legacy.
The article analyzes the speech delivered at the ceremonial meeting of the Swedish
Academy on December 20, 1926, where Lagerlöf chose to talk about her experiences
during the journey to Saint Petersburg and Moscow, which she had made in 1912 accompanied
by a close friend of hers Valborg Olander. The publication of the speech in
a major Swedish newspaper “Dagens Nyheter” omitted a larger part of the speech’s text,
namely the very description of the trip to Russia, leaving space for the political message
only, which followed in the second half. The only unabridged version of the speech was
published in 1945. The latest publication of the speech in Sweden is dated 2016 and
received mixed reviews, as Selma Lagerlöf ’s characterization of Russia in it borders to
some extent on propaganda. Selma Lagerlöf renders her impressions of her visit to both
Saint Petersburg and Moscow and her encounters with Russian people, culture, art,
theatre, and religiosity, as well as with social and political conditions. Among these impressions
a key role is given to the visit to Tretyakov Gallery, where she got mesmerized
by one of the paintings, namely by Ilya Repins “Ivan the Terrible and his Son Ivan on
November 16th, 1581”. This stark impression allowed her to shape the speech’s rhetoric
as a revelation while herself trying on a role that of a seeress. The article though studies
Lagerlöf ’s speech about Russia primarily as a literary work: in terms of composition,
artistic techniques and images. Like anything else Selma Lagerlöf wrote, her address to
the Swedish Academy members follows a thoroughly planned narrative idea. To reach
her thesis Lagerlöf makes use of a variety of tropes, such as metaphor, allegory, parable
and ekphrasis.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Selma Lagerlöf

value: travelogue

value: ekphrasis

value: Nobel family

value: Knut Hamsun

value: Russian revolution

value: Ylia Repin

value: Ivan the Terrible


title: Hunger and plenty: Hans Christian Andersen and the poetry of food

dc.contributor.author

value: Johs. Nørregaard Frandsen

dc.identifier.citation

value: Johs. Nørregaard Frandsen. Sult ogoverflod. H. C. Andersen og madens poesi. Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 1, pp. 93–103.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Hans Christian Andersen often writes about food, gastronomy and the enjoyment
of good meals. As is well-known, Andersen grew up under straitened circumstances,
and even if he was hardly exposed to severe hunger, he experienced as a child how
good food was one of the privileges of the upper class, while the poor had to make do
with less and at times go hungry. These experiences with food play a role in Andersen’s
works, also in his depictions of and fantasies about food. In the article, I show
how a fairytale such as ‘The Little Matchstick Girl’ contains descriptions of severe hunger
and food that give rise to grotesque fantasies. The article also contains an analysis
of a couple of Andersen’s birthday letters to the boy Sally Melchior which contain a
lovely fantasy about the country with ditches that flow with mixed berry pudding and
cream. Finally, the perspectives of food and mealtimes is examined in the letter to his
close friend Eduard Collin. These examples show how Andersen uses and stages food, mealtimes and the sensations of pleasure in his art and his writing. The article thereby
seeks to gain a clearer view of Andersen’s use of gastronomy and depictions of food as
imagination-enhancing elements in what is narrated. The examples from poems, fairytales
and letters show both how food, gastronomy, wine and the enjoyment of life are
included among the imagination-enhancing elements in Andersen’s art, and that the
experiences and memories Andersen has from the straitened circumstances of his early
life are further developed in the work of the adult artist.

dc.language.iso

value: other

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: H. C. Andersen

value: Danish literature

value: fairy-tales

value: H. C. Andersen’s letters

value: food

value: gastronomy

dc.type

value: Article

filename: 07-Johs_Nørregaard Frandsen.pdf

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Zharov, Boris

dc.identifier.citation

value: Boris Zharov. Graphic reflection of the use of the tense verb forms in Danish. Scandinavian Philology, 2018, vol. 16, issue 1, pp. 19–26.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Because the verb conveys the actions that occur in time, in different languages has
arisen verb forms that convey the events. A strict and logical system of the eight tense
forms of the Danish language is described in the theoretical and practical grammars of
Russian and foreign authors. Meanwhile, in the study of this language have difficulty in
mastering it. Contribution to these challenges is making the possible lack of distinction
between logical concepts: PAST — PRESENT — FUTURE — and the names of grammatical
forms, which are in different languages, different number. The most obvious
confusion when talking about “the future” (a logical concept) and “future tense” (а verb
form). The author of the proposed scheme aims to demonstrate the use of the eight
Danish tense verb forms. The time is shown as proceeding from left to right on the
same line. The numbers indicate time points; a sign X is under the point transfer form,
which in this case is about. The main thing is the visual display of the difference in the
use forms, so the method of their formation is not considered. At the end of following
explanations. Some forms, if necessary, can be used more widely, so to speak, “not on
purpose”. Form present is also used to describe actions in the future and the past. The
frequency of forms very different, for example, very rare occurrences of the forms of the
future II. We are talking about the indicative mood. However, you should understand that some named forms have grammatical homonyms, used in the subjunctive mood
with a distinctly different time value.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Danish

value: Grammar

value: tense verb forms

value: graphic Reflection


title: Zhdan Kvashnin’s mission to the Holy Roman Empire: A study of the Russian-Imperial diplomatic relations

dc.contributor.author

value: Jerusalimski, Konstantin

value: Schwarcz, Iskra

dc.description.abstract

value:
Zhdan Ivanovich Kvashnin set out for his diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Empire in
1577 as a second-rank ambassador with official and secret goals, especially in general to the maintaining of
Ivan the Terrible’s peaceful relations with Emperor Rudolph II and to advocate a military alliance with the
latter to draw him into the war against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Crossing Europe Zhdan and
his comrades, representatives of the Muscovite ruler, also had to hire European artisans for Ivan IV. Secret
contacts of the ambassadors with Albrecht Laski and Hans Rueber were aimed at the military alliance with the Emperor to prepare a war against Stefan Batory and the restitution of the Moldavian throne. A wide
range of sources led the authors to the conclusion that the mission was for the most part successful. The
materials concerning the Muscovite embassy are added as appendices of the present article. These materials
found in Vienna Archive and commented consist of Kvashnin’s „speech“, two credentials and Rudolph II’s
recommendations letter for Johann Paulus for his travel to Ivan the Terrible. Besides, all available evidence
on Zhdan Kvashnin’s biography has been collected and interpreted.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research is supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (project No 16-18-10091).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Studia Slavica et Balcanika Petropolitana;Issue 1(23)

dc.subject

value: Emperor Rudolph II

value: Tsar Ivan IV

value: Russian state

value: Holy Roman Empire


title: The Slavs in the 13th century German literature: Problems of perception

dc.contributor.author

value: Pleszczyński, Andrzej

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article shows that the perception of the Slavs appearing in German literature in the 13th
century was dominated by two factors. The first of these was the ancient tradition, which considered all the
peoples inhabiting areas of northern Europe to be Barbarians. With the takeover of the Roman empire tradition
by the German rulers, the official German writings associated with the imperial court as a rule created
by the clergy, treated all peoples of Central and Eastern Europe escaping the power of the Reich as worse
than peoples inhabiting Western part of the continent. Sometimes, especially in the situation of political
conflicts, this manner took on the character of hostility towards the Slavs. This kind of manner was foreign
to the literature created by lay people, especially epic but also historiography, or quasi-encyclopedic works.
In this case, the decisive factors were not antique but the empiricism of mutual contacts between Slavs and
Germans, which were various and were in no way permanently hostile.

dc.subject

value: medieval German literature

value: medieval Slavs

value: ethnicity

value: stereotypes

value: mental geography

dc.title

value: Article


title: A few words about the identity of the Slavs, yesterday, today and tomorrow

dc.contributor.author

value: Homza, Martin

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper brings together the considerations that for many years the author has gathered on the
origin, identity and successful expansion of the Slavs throughout the world. The author notes that although
the issue of post-Roman social self-identification has been discussed for several decades not only in Europe
but also worldwide, a deeper understanding of the apparition and expansion of the Slavic identity has not
yet been achieved. In the author’s opinion, the success of the Slavic identity was the result of the quality and
attractiveness of the Slavic cultural memory, whose evolution shows three basic stages following the necessary
starting point, i.e. the revolutionary decision taken by the military community at the Low and Middle
Danube to adopt the name Slav. The first phase is the formation of their cultural memory, which just like that
of other barbarian military communities (gentes) in the aftermath of the fall of the Roman Empire, was built
on the literary (oral) transmission of the narrative that told the glorious deeds of the community and its elite
(ruler, dynasty, retinue). The second and third stages of the development of the Slavic identity constitute the
historically relatively short period of the Great Moravia, beginning and ending in the 9th century. On a political
level, the increased attractiveness of the self-identification concept of the Slavic elites resulted in the vastest
territorial expansion of the land of the Danubian Slavs during the reign of Svatopluk I and the formal
constitution of the Slavic Kingdom, which was recognised by both, Rome and the Empire. On a cultural
level, however, the success of the Moymirid dynasty was outperformed by the missionary work of St. Constantine
the Philosopher and his brother St Methodius, who created the Slavic alphabet and the Slavonic
liturgical language, translated the Sacred Scriptures, wrote some original literature works, etc. The author
considers the Christian concept of self-identification, built on the identical wording of the word Logos, i.e.
Slovo (Word) and Slovan (Slav) — which was developed by St. Constantine the Philosopher — to have
become the nomen est omen of the past, the present and the future of the Slavs.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Slavs

value: Slavic identity

value: Great Moravia

value: Sts Cyril and Methodius


dc.contributor.author

value: Puchenkov, A. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Puchenkov A. S. ‘Bogdanov N. N. “Crimean Territorial Government” [1919]’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pp. 534–557.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Bogdanov N. N. “Crimean Territorial Government” [1919].
A publication by A. S. Puchenkov

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование подготовлено при поддержке президентского гранта по государственной поддержке научных исследований молодых российских ученых — докторов наук № МД-5771.2018.6 «Духовный форпост России в эпоху войн и революций: православное духовенство Крыма в 1914–1920 гг.».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 2


dc.contributor.author

value: Davydov, A. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Davydov A. Yu. ‘The Third Front in the Russian Civil War: Bag People Breaking Blockade of the Village by the Bolsheviks’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pp. 337–354.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the study of the illegal market and its subjects during the Russian Civil War.
The author demonstrates that a doctrinaire policy was carried out by the Bolsheviks at the time has given rise to
the period of Russian bag people having become the main source of provision for the population. In this research
work there are two points being justified. The first one says that the nationwide movement of illegal suppliers
representing the third Front of the Civil War was bag people; the first Front was external, the second one was
represented by the peasant theatre of military actions. Through this review of arguments in the article the author
explains the key role of “the bag people” in breaking the trade blockage that was established and reconciliated
by the efforts of Soviet military-food formations during three “front” years. The second point posed by the author
states that bag people movement included the set of numerous groups (associations, partnerships, artels) of free
bread providers. This research is based on multiple examples of the illegal market’s organization and structure at
the time. The above-mentioned points explain the reasons of the military communism policy’s collapse as well as
the interpretation of the “federal” fronts’ victory premises those of bag people and peasants.

value: Civil War

value: Military communism

value: Bag People

value: Trade

value: Provision

value: Illegal Supplies

value: Monopoly

value: Requisitions

value: Markets


dc.contributor.author

value: Serdyukov, Boris V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Serdyukov B. V. Civil solidarity in the sphere of public security. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2018, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 172–189.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article attempts to discover efficient integration measures aimed at overcoming the negative
consequences of social anomie in contemporary Russia. The author of the article argues
that social anomie as a result of the transformational post-perestroika era processes had a
negative impact on the current crime situation in Russia. The author based his ideas on the
theoretical model proposed by Emile Durkheim and developed by Robert Merton. This effect
is illustrated in the article by the statistics of offences occurred between 1985 and 2016. The
necessity of finding the effective measures to stabilize the crime situation caused by the crisis
of social integration makes a methodological description of such concepts as social solidarity
essential, as this term has a positive integration orientation. Theoretical analysis of different
approaches to the definition of the nature of social solidarity (contained in the opinions of
scholars such as Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Henri Bergson, Max Weber, and Talcott
Parsons) allows making a conclusion about the high theoretical and practical feasibility of using
such particular varieties of social solidarity as civil solidarity. Realizing a model of stream
consolidation offered by O. Karmadonov, the author makes an attempt of a practical study
concerning the peculiarities of civil solidarity in the field of public safety. The results of the
conducted study reveal a number of disintegrating factors in this sphere, the neutralization of
which, in the opinion of the author, can have a positive impact on embeddedness and depth of
solidary behavior demonstrated by the citizens in the field of public security.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 11; Issue 2

value: civil solidarity

value: social anomie

value: solidarity behavior

value: the factors of disintegration

value: crime

value: public security

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Troshina, T. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Troshina T. I. ‘Which Army Should the Population Feed during the Civil War? (The Attitude of the Population of the Arkhangelsk Province to the Whites and the Reds)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pp. 469–486.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, on the basis of numerous archival documents and unpublished memoirs, a situation is
shown in which the “non-belligerent” population of the Arkhangelsk province turned out to be. Their settlements
during the civil war passed from one army to another, and both these armies were perceived by the population
as “strangers”. The European North of Russia is a vast but sparsely populated area with a poorly regulated transport
system. This created difficulties for the two opposing armies (White and Red) both in terms of insufficient
mobilization resources, and in relation to providing armies. The local population engaged in crafts, went to work
in cities. These opportunities were lost during the war. At the same time, the own agriculture did not provide even
the population itself, and in the conditions of widespread military operations it was necessary to provide the soldiers
with food and transportation. The ideology was an important part of the armed civil confrontation, therefore
neither of these armies used rigid measures of coercion against the local population. Moreover, it was in the
interests of the armies to help the population, which was primarily practiced by the Whites. At the same time, the
fighting that was conducted by small mobile detachments did not allow timely supply of soldiers with food, warm
clothes. All this was requisitioned from peasants and residents of small towns. The population, especially remote and small villages, feared such “raids” of soldiers. It created “self-defense units”, which gave a special flavor to the
civil war. The population could not provide food for their “partisans”, and they entered the service in the army that
controlled their village. With the retreat or offensive of the army, such “guerrillas” went into the woods and poured
into another army that occupied their villages. The article focuses on the relationship between the non-belligerent
population and the soldiers who came to their land, examines the forms of adaptation of the population to new
living conditions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Статья подготовлена в рамках исследования, поддержанного грантом РФФИ (проект
№ 18-09-00237 «Глобальные изменения в локальном измерении: население северной провинции и события 1917–1918 гг.»).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Northern Russia

value: Revolution

value: Civil War

value: Non-belligerent Population

value: Self-defense

value: Combatants

value: Terror


dc.contributor.author

value: Ulyanova, S. B.

value: Sidorchuk, I. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ulyanova S. B., Sidorchuk I. V. ‘“What Have We fought For?”: The Heroes of the Civil War in “the Intoxication of the NEP”’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pp. 424–440.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to transformation of the social type of the hero of the Civil war in the period of
the New Economic Policy. With his style of political and everyday behavior, hero glorified by propaganda, a fighter for Soviet power, in time of peace, in conditions of revival of capitalism could be transformed in a negative social
type of cunning businessman and the embezzler. The military merit, by which he enjoyed the confidence and was
allowed to state resources, gave possibilities to use them for their own selfish interests. In this article the social
type of the hero of the Civil war is studied primarily by reference to its leisure practices often took a deviant character:
drunkenness, carousing, gambling. Using methods of everyday history and its component — the history
of leisure — has allowed the authors to uncover the causes of their proliferation, particularly the economic and
social motivation of participants. The new Soviet bureaucrats, deprived of their own corporate cultural traditions,
readily copied the leisure behavior of the Nepmen, which seemed to them a class of winners, those who truly
“knows how to live beautifully”. Business contacts with private traders provoked in the bureaucracy onepivanie
(“transformation to nepman”) — corruption and embezzlement, the proceeds of which were used for vulgar and
hedonistic entertainment. The article describes the mechanisms of the organization of thefts and the reaction
of the authorities to the “epidemic of embezzlement”, the reflection of this theme in folklore and literature of the
period. The authors come to the conclusion that commitment to the coarse and unsophisticated forms of entertainment,
underscoring the generation of “leather jackets” low level of culture, including culture and leisure, and
is indicative of the primitivization of the social structure as a result of Civil war.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 16-31-00017.

dc.subject

value: Civil war

value: Russia

value: New Economic Policy

value: History of leisure

value: Deviant leisure

value: Embezzlements

value: History of everyday life


dc.contributor.author

value: Iroshnikov, M. P.

value: Zelenov, M. V.

value: Brandenberger, D.

value: Pivovarov, N. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Iroshnikov M. P., Zelenov M. V., Brandenberger D., Pivovarov N. Yu. ‘Several Theoretical Problems during the Preparation of the History of the Civil War and its Various Solutions (1930– 1935)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pp. 487–506.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines terminological and theoretical issues concerning the writing of the history of
the Civil War and its connection with the 1917 Revolution: its chronology, its political and military dimensions and
its psychological aspect. Archival funds from RGASPI (Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History), RGANI
(Russian State Archive of Contemporary history), the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Archive, the Gorky Archive
at the Institute of World Literature and Art and the Manuscripts Department at the Russian Academy of Sciences’
Institute of Russian History. The authors examine how a military historical approach to the writing of the history of
the Civil War, developed during the summer of 1930, was replaced by a political approach, developed between
1931–1932. Moreover, it examines how the chronological dating of the outset of the conflict changed over time.
If early on, the Civil War was considered to have begun long before 1917 and the revolution of that year was held
to have two phases — February and October — this all changed with Stalin’s intervention in the book’s editing
during the summer of 1935. Stalin’s intervention also broke all ties with earlier conceptions that connected these
developments to the global place of the USSR and the country’s foreign policy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: History of the Civil War

value: Revolution

value: Class struggle

value: I. V. Stalin

value: A. M. Gorkiy

value: I. I. Mints

value: Ia. E. Gamarnik

value: History of the CPSU

value: Political thought

value: Political consciousness

dc.title

value: Article


title: The image of Ivan the Terrible in the national fine arts of the XX – beginning of the XXI century. Traditions and innovations

dc.contributor.author

value: Mutia, Natalia N.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article for the first time analyzes innovative and traditional trends in the works of modern art
devoted to the image of Ivan the Terrible. On the basis of art history and cultural-historical approaches the
author reveals and analyzes the continuity of art of XIX and XX centuries in formal and substantive aspects.
The subject of the study are the following trends: the similarity of the figurative language of the works of
the Russian school of painting XIX and XX centuries; allusively as the iconic feature of the artistic thinking,
the coexistence of the salon-academic and democratic lines of painting for two centuries, interest in the
heritage of the “Russian style”, leading from the origins of the middle Ages; the interaction of religious and
secular origins; themed community art, past and present. Particular emphasis is placed on the search for new
themes in modern historical painting. The author considers as works of the leading masters of a modern era,
and beginning painters and sculptors. The article analyzes the relationship between fine arts and historical
science. The article is based on works of art kept in various museums (fine arts, local history, historical,
military, Museum-reserves), private collections displayed at temporary exhibitions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 16-18-10080.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana;Issue 1(23)

dc.subject

value: historical painting

value: Ivan the terrible

value: traditions

value: innovation

value: salon-academic art

value: democratic line of painting


title: Social and economic mechanisms of functioning the Chinese restaurants in St. Petersburg

dc.contributor.author

value: Jin Junkai

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jin Junkai. Social and Economic mechanisms of functioning the Chinese restaurants in St. Petersburg. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2018, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 212–227.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Nutrition is a social activity; this process divides and unites social groups, determines social
norms and reproduces the social structure. In the process of this activity, the restaurant can
be treated as a social space in the field of nutrition. It is not only an economic enterprise but
a social phenomenon that relies on the mechanisms of social institutions. In the process of
globalization, there are two binary-opposition tendencies in the development of nutrition:
“Europe and Asia”, “westernization” and “easternization”. The spread of Chinese restaurants
around the world has acquired a significant role in the process of “easternization” of food.
This article aims to determine the social and economic functioning mechanisms of Chinese
restaurants in St. Petersburg in the process of “easternization” of food.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Материалы подготовлены при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, грант 17–03–00631 «Повседневные практики питания и общественное здоровье населения (на примере Санкт-Петербурга и Ленинградской области)».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 11; Issue 2

value: nutrition

value: sociology of food

value: globalization of Food

value: westernization

value: easternization

value: social mechanism

value: Chinese restaurant

dc.title

filename: 05-Jin Junkai.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Metelkin, E. N.

value: Sokhor, T. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Metelkin E. N., Sokhor T. E. ‘Symbols of the October Revolution and Their Metamorphoses in the Commemorative Postal Stamps in RSFSR, USSR and Russian Federation’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pp. 449–468.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The history of Soviet philately started with the postage stamp competition of 1918 when the symbols of
industrial and agricultural labor were used for the first time. Presented designs were not accepted, and during the
Civil War stamps of the old regime were still in use, usually bearing surcharges. In the period of 1921–1990 forty-
nine issues of commemorative postal stamps were released. Among the revolutionary symbols used were
depictions of the rising sun, cultivated wheat fields, hammer and sickle, and other labors’ tools. Another popular
symbol was the depiction of a worker, a peasant and a Red Army soldier, with the abbreviation RSFSR The 10th
anniversary of the Revolution was celebrated with an issue of stamps, some of which bore the images of the
military uprising and the view of the Smolny Palace — the seat of the revolutionary staff in October of 1917. The
25th anniversary (in the fall of 1942) was marked with the special theme — “The Revolution is in Danger”, with
seven stamps developing this dramatic symbolism, with the motto “Everything for the Front — Everything for the
Victory”. From 1947 onwards (from the Revolution’s 30th anniversary) the events of October 1917 were marked
by annual issues of stamps, all bearing some kind of revolutionary slogan, usually starting with the words “Glory
to the…”. The red banners and the imagery of the Moscow Kremlin with its ruby stars as well as the portraits of Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin became the main symbols of both the Red October and the USSR Since the
1960s the events of 1917 began to lose their popularity in the official state imagery. As an exception — in 1968 a
stamp was issued, commemorating the Soviet order of the October Revolution, which was just instituted a year
before. The early, romanticized images of the Revolution were replaced by politicized imagery of the dominant
State, with countless depictions of the flag, the Kremlin, Soviet leaders, and later — reproductions of numerous
(and arguably — the worst) works of Socialist Realism.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Artistic symbols

value: Russia

value: Revolution

value: Goznak

value: Postal miniature

value: N. I. Altman

value: I. I. Dubasov

value: Kuno Goppe

value: Philately

value: Auxiliary historical discipline

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Niyazov, Niyazi Sabir ogly

dc.identifier.citation

value: Niyazov N. S. Mutual interference and strategic concepts of international relations in the inter-war period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2018, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 146–170.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The creation of Versailles-Washington system of international relations failed to provide
conditions for the crisis-free development of the international society in 1918–1938. Contradictions
provoked by unequal treaties with the defeated, especially with Germany, ignoring
interests of Italy and the Soviet Union finally must have led to the collapse of the system,
materialized in the new world war. Realization of these facts by military specialists in the very
period of history made them work out new strategic concepts. Their main objective was to
find new ways of conducting military operations in the forthcoming world war, which they
thought to be inevitable. Great Britain, France, the USSR, Germany, Italy, the USA and Japan
made the most persistent efforts in concept development. Besides the modeling of conditions,
under which future war should be waged, authors of a set of concepts paid attention to the
preparation of civilian population and industry to the warfare. In the USSR due to the prevailing
ideology experts focused on the political aspect of the future war. By the way, the creation
of a strategic paradigm influenced the external policy of the state. Thus, the very fact that the
strategic concept included the idea that the future war will be waged by blocks of states made
the political leaders look for allies. Similarly, the assumption that in the future military conflict
certain weapon system may complete strategic tasks could make the states which didn’t possess
such armament or had limited availability of it appear on the international arena calling
to constraint, prohibit or eliminate certain kinds of weapon and equipment.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: international relations

value: strategic concepts

value: armed forces

value: military technologies

value: world war


dc.contributor.author

value: Novikova, Irina N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Novikova I. N. From autonomy to independence: The Provisional government and Finland in 1917. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2018, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 107–127.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is dedicated to the history of Russian-Finnish relations in the period between the
February and October revolutions 1917 in Russia. It was the period where the idea of secession
from the Russian state finally formed in the Finnish society, which was embodied in the
Declaration of Independence on December 6, 1917. This paper examines the Finnish policy
of the Provisional Government, the relationship between the Provisional Government, the
ruling elite and political parties in Finland, reasons for the radicalization of the national requirements
of the Finns. The author tries to clarify why Russian liberals and democrats in
1917 were unsuccessful in “domesticating” Finnish nationalism.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Cтатья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект «Федерализм в “тюрьме народов”: российско-финские отношения имперского периода (1809–1917)», № 16-01-50115 а(ф).

dc.subject

value: Russian Empire

value: Finland

value: Provisional Government

value: Russian-Finnish relations


dc.contributor.author

value: Philippov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Philippov A. V. Japanese studies and scholarly legacy: A tribute for Library collections of Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 140– 158.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the origins and evolutionary history of the main libraries’ collections in
Russia (St. Petersburg and Moscow), which are of great significance for the scholars involved
in Japanese studies or Oriental studies. The concerned libraries specifics’ analyses also demonstrate
interlink with the evolution of Russian science and museum collections since Peter
the Great epoch. The unique character of the mentioned library stocks should be taken into
account due to the kind of oriental research activity. Being changed in their historical transformations
nowadays, we know the libraries of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Kunstkamera,
Science Academy Library, Russian National Library, Library of St. Petersburg State
University. Some shift of “Oriental studies” to Moscow region had taken place later, according
to with the need of establishing museum-library-educational institutions in that important
city of Russia too (about the mid of 19th century). The process started from the moving from
St. Petersburg to Moscow of the collections of Rumyantsev Museum, which had formed the
base for the greatest Russian Library — “Leninka”. Approximately the same time had marked
the appearance of State Public Historical Library (GPIB), Asia and Africa Institute Library at
Moscow University (ISAA). Russian State Library of Foreign Literature (VGBIL), the library
in the Institute of information for social studies (INION) had appeared in Moscow in the Soviet
period. After the Second World War was founded Moscow Oriental Institute (IVAN) and Far East studies Institute (IDV). The above-mentioned libraries and institutions are basic book
collections for Oriental studies in Russia till nowadays.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Japanologist

value: Japanese studies

value: library

value: St. Petersburg

value: Moscow

value: orientalist

value: museum

value: Science Academy

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bodrov, Andrei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bodrov A. V. The reaction of the representatives of the Allied Powers in Russia on the revolutionary events of 1917. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2018, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 128–145.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article put forward a comparative analysis of the reaction of the British and French diplomats
and military representatives on the revolutionary events in Russia in February-October
1917. The author defines the range of the most informed foreign observers and tries to appreciate
the degree of their impact on the policy of London and Paris concerning Russia. He
accentuates on how far these responses and estimates were determined by the position and
the nature of activities of the representatives of the Allied Powers, as well as by their political
preferences and prejudices. The author avoids to restrict himself by a mere digest of comments
of foreign contemporaries of the Russian Revolution. He tends to put these responses into a
broader context of efforts of the French and the British governments to keep their Eastern ally
in the war. Above all else, the article addresses the issue of common and distinct in the “Russian
policy” of the two countries, the degree of conformity and rivalry of the Western Powers
in their attempts to influence the march of events in Russia. Estimates of the foreign representatives
are traced in dynamics. They naturally evolved following the processes in Russia on
the course “from bad to worse”: from anxiety in March-April caused by decline of the morale
of the Russian Army to skepticism in June-July in anticipating of the planned offensive on the
Eastern front and, finally, to disappointment and blow of all hopes regarding assistance from
the part of Russian till the end of the campaign of 1917. The author also stresses surprising
similarity of British diagnoses and flexibility of the “Russian policy” of France.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Статья подготовлена в рамках научного проекта РФФИ № 18-09-00498 «От интервенции
к признанию: “русская” политика Французской Республики в 1917–1924 гг.».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russian Revolution of 1917

value: First World War

value: Triple Entente

value: diplomats

value: military representatives

value: perception


dc.contributor.author

value: Suvorov, Mikhail N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Suvorov М. N. The first generation of short-story writers in the UAE (1970–90s). Part 1. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 230–245.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The United Arab Emirates are one of those Arabic countries where national literature of modern
type — which replaced Arabic medieval adab — came into existence as late as in the 1970s.
Nevertheless, among the earliest Emirati short-stories, most of which were based on the principles
of moralizing sentimentalism and romanticism, one could find samples of mature realism
(in Muḥammad al-Murr’s writings) and even of modernism (in Abdullah al-Mirrī’s writings).
In the 1980s along with the steady development of the realistic trend in Emirati fiction,
many writers turned to the aesthetics of modernism by abandoning in their works the idea
of objective reality, as well as clear plots, and concentrating instead on “internal” states of the
mind, in which the objective reality is odd, subjectively transformed. Moreover, some writers
(Miryam Jumʻa Faraj, Suʻād al-ʻArīmī, Ḥārib al-Ẓāhirī, Salmā Maṭar Ṣayf) used a complicated
language of narration, full of similes and metaphors typical for Arabic poetry, as well as
ornate lexical-syntactical constructions, reproducing thus a specific style, which was named
by scholars of Arabic literature “poetic modernism”. Besides, in some Emirati short-stories of
that time, one can find features of magic realism (in ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd Aḥmad ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd’s
and Salmā Maṭar Ṣayf’s works), absurdism (in Ẓabiyya Khamīs’s works) and post-modernist
parody (in Salmā Maṭar Ṣayf’s works). The themes of Emirati short-stories embrace Emirati
local realities and problems, as well as general human and philosophic subjects (in particular,
in Bāsima Yūnis’s and Jumʻa al-Fayrūz’s writings).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 10; Issue 2

value: the United Arab Emirates

value: Arabic literature

value: Arabic prose


dc.contributor.author

value: Fursova, Evgenia N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fursova E. N. The Berber question and the self-identity problem of the North African indigenous population in the context of contemporary Algerian society. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 254–268.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Berber question in Algeria, which history goes back to the colonial period, now draws
increasing attention to itself. The international media, illuminating the Berber question, inclines
to conclusions about the real danger of a split in the society and the possible secession
of some regions with high Berber population density. The article reviews the reasons for the
occurrence of the ideas of Berber regionalism and autonomism. It also estimates the risks of
such events for the integrity of contemporary Algerian society. The author analyzes the degree
of disunity of modern Algerian society on the basis of the national-ethnic principle and comes
to the conclusion that the Algerian society is sufficiently consolidated. The Berber identity
today is built on the attitude to the general social and economic problems existing in remote
regions. The author suggests that the Berber issue aggravation is connected with the desire
of the Algerians to draw the authorities’ attention to the problem of marginalization of the
country’s peripheral regions. The author concludes that the radical manifestations of Berberism,
such as, in particular, Kabylian Autonomism and Separatism, are assessed as a threat to
the integrity of the modern Algerian state not only by the Algerian authorities but also by the
general public. At the same time, the Berber question in its broadest sense meets tolerance and
sympathy in the Algerian society. In this article, we used the scientific literature in the Russian,
European and Arabic languages, as well as Algerian media sources of recent years.

value: Berbers of Algeria

value: the Berber question

value: history of North Africa

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vlasov, Nikolay A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vlasov N. A. Russia in the context of German security policy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2018, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 184–199.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The goal of the present paper is to identify the basic approach to Russia in the German security
policy. The author focuses on the impact of the Ukrainian crisis on the FRG security policy. The events and processes are examined from the point of basic national security interests of
current Germany. Main sources are conceptual documents and statements of leading politicians.
Particular decisions of the German government are also analyzed. The author comes to
a conclusion that Russia is considered in Germany primarily as a security threat; a “strategy
of double-track decisions” is implemented, combining containment and dialog. It means a
partial recovery to NATO concepts from the late period of the Cold War. German politician
attach greater importance to the European security issues again. Germany is strengthening its
military capabilities and reinforcing the development of the defense and security structures
of the EU and NATO. Ukrainian crisis strongly influenced the German security policy along
with other long-term factors, such as the need for a greater German role in world politics and
closer EU security and defense integration.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Germany

value: security policy

value: Bundeswehr

value: Ukrainian crisis

value: Russian-German relations


dc.contributor.author

value: Gurian, Natalia V.

value: Kravchuk, Alexander I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gurian N. V., Kravchuk A. I. “Ji jiu pian” within the context of traditional Chinese lexicography. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 187–200.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper reflects some results of the study of the “Ji jiu pian” (“Quick access [to characters]”),
which was compiled in the 1st century BC by Han dynasty official Shi You. “Ji jiu pian” is the
earliest Chinese primer survived to the present day. Some issues of the “Ji jiu pian” history are
highlighted in this article. However, the main attention is focused on its text structure, formal
and thematic division of the word list. The early Chinese wordbooks had multiple functions:
recorded orthographic norms served as textbooks to teach basic literacy as well as scopes of
basic knowledge about the world which students had to learn. Such wordbooks can be considered
as prototypes of the later encyclopedias. “Ji jiu pian” was compiled as a handbook for
the members of the royal court retinue. Also, it could be used to teach children of the royal
family. Hence it became the textbook for children. “Ji jiu pian” represents the minimum set of
the words and characters, which was required in everyday and household routine of the Han
dynasty. The “Ji jiu pian” lexical items can be divided into three big parts: “Peoples’ names”,
“Things” and “Governing the Empire and its officials”. In its turn, the word list of the biggest
part “Things” can be subdivided into 24 thematic groups. This part represents a semantic classification
of the commonly-used words (domestic, household, industrial and environmental)
which was founded by Shi You in the 1st century B.C.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: ancient Chinese lexicography

value: early Chinese primers

value: lists of characters

value: wordbooks

value: Ji jiu pian

value: Quick access to characters

value: Shi You

value: thematic groups of words

value: semantic classification of words


dc.contributor.author

value: Wang, Xiaoxing

dc.identifier.citation

value: Wang X. Interpretations of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “The Idiot” by Akira Kurosawa and Andrzej Wajda: A comparative analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 159–175.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Literary heritage of Fyodor Dostoevsky has always presented an attraction for world cinema
encouraging and inspiring filmmakers from different countries including Asia to rethink and
reinterpret the works of this outstanding Russian writer again and again. A remarkable effort
toward “re-coding” of Dostoevsky’s narrative was made by Asian cinematography, namely by
Akira Kurosawa, a Japanese film director and screenwriter. “The Idiot” directed by Kurosawa
holds a special place among other adaptations of Dostoyevsky’s masterpiece primarily on
account of this film exhibiting free and bold changes as regards the place and time of action.
In Kurosawa’s interpretation events unfold in post-war Japan of the mid-20th century around
Japanese characters brought together on a snowy island of Hokkaido. Placing the story in a
Japanese frame and content Kurosawa makes the film not a mere illustration of Dostoevsky’s
novel, but succeeds in accurately transmitting the spirit of the masterpiece. This significant
Japanese film director and screenwriter reveals a deep understanding of the Russian world
while remaining an informed transmitter or bearer of Asian culture. The way Kurosawa
approaches Dostoevsky’s novel constitutes his subjective rethinking of this literary work
observed through the lense of his homeland’s history and national tradition. Ancient Asian
culture is clearly seen both in the storyline and visual imaging of the film. Like in his other
films, in «The Idiot» Kurosawa introduces the Noh drama. This paper attempts to analyze
Akira Kurosawa and Andrzej Wajda’s cinematic narratives, to identify characteristics of their
artistic styles, and to reveal some specific features of adapting Russian classics in an Eastern
cultural context.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Fyodor Dostoevsky

value: The Idiot

value: Akira Kurosawa

value: Nastasja

value: Andrzej Wajda

value: Noh Drama

value: Kabuki

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Veselova, Liudmila S.

value: Liu, Neng

dc.identifier.citation

value: Veselova L. S., Liu N. Life and scientific work of outstanding Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 269–284.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Fei Xiaotong (费孝通) (2 November 1910 — 24 April 2005) was the prominent anthropologist
and sociologist of China. He was one of the first sociologists and anthropologists who
conducted anthropological studies of the life of Chinese society. He was a political journalist
and a “cultural intermediary” who published articles about the West in Chinese in China, and
about China in English in the West. Fei Xiaotong’s career was full of ups and downs that were
associated with the political situation in the country. Finally, after 1978 and starting of the
period of Economic Reform and Openness he could re-enter public and scientific life, and
officially became a respected academic and a public intellectual which dedicated all his life
to the investigation of Chinese society and social problems. For many people, Fei Xiaotong’s
works became the first sources, from which it was possible to obtain various information
about the Chinese village. His works made us think about the laws of social development and
on what methods they should be studied. He believed that it was necessary not only to develop
sociology but to go its way, to strive to develop Chinese sociology with all its specifics. Fei
Xiaotong devoted his entire life to studying Chinese society and the changes taking place in
it. The main stimulus that inspired him all his life was the hope that the Chinese peasants will
live better and better, and with them, China will become stronger and more prosperous state.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Fei Xiaotong

value: Chinese sociology

value: History of China

value: prominent persons of the PRC


dc.contributor.author

value: Gudalov, Nikolay N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gudalov N. Rationality and history in political realism: The predominance of instrumentalism and the problem of theorizing substantive change. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2018, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 200–215.

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the main criticisms of political realism in International Relations theory has been that it
poorly explains historical change. While some representatives of realism have paid a great deal
of attention to historical alterations, realism, in general, does not offer a satisfactory account
of substantive change. Interestingly, the same problem is largely faced by postpositivists, who,
while criticising realists, appear to be not very well-prepared to offer a qualitative alternative.
The present article aims at identifying some problems in the conceptualizations of historical
change in realism, which are connected to too narrow treatments of rationality by realists. The
linkage between the treatments of history and of rationality in realism has not been sufficiently
covered in the literature yet. The problem was considered with reference to a wide range of
examples of realist approaches which seem relevant and, to some degree, representative. The
analysis drew on both classical and the most recent works of realists and their interpreters
and critics. Besides, some contemporary philosophical views of rationality were examined.
The article demonstrated that predominantly instrumentalist approaches to rationality have
largely been prevalent in various realist conceptions at different stages of the development of
realism. They have led, inter alia, to an unhistorical structuralism and/or to an understanding
of change as limited to the succession of power relations, and to an underestimation of
substantive change that is linked to rational social learning. The author pointed out some
ways to correct the respective approaches, which aim at improving the concepts of rationality
in International Relations theory.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 11; Issue 2

value: International Relations theory

value: realism

value: rationality

value: history


dc.contributor.author

value: Levchenko-Shmaevskaia, Ekaterina N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Levchenko-Shmaevskaia E. N. Romanization systems, text segmentation and morphemic analysis in the study of Old Japanese texts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 176–186.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This particular study is an inconspicuous part of a large project – new academic translations
of the songs of “Kojiki” and “Nihon Shoki” into Russian published recently at Amazon publ.
They contain original texts, romanization, glossing, translations into Russian and some commentaries.
Such a book falls within a structural approach in diachronic linguistics. Structural
linguistic analyses involve morphemes identification and glossing — we pay special attention
to phonetics when analyzing Old Japanese texts. The morphemic analysis is rather complicated
without a detailed phonetic study of the language period, which serves as a basis for
many morphemic phenomena. When using structural and morphemic analyses, we admit
tier structure of the language, which presupposes morphophonemic level. In addition to their
classical definition, morphemes here function as phonemes combination, what in many cases
helps to avoid misreadings. In this limited space I will try to give answers to the following
questions: why do we use one or another romanization system while transliterating Old Japanese
text; why it is vital for academic translations to use transliteration, rather than syllabic
script; what transliteration systems do we have today and what are the particular benefits of
each of them, offering readers explanations of the main differences between layered structure
of Old Japanese and classical Japanese grammar (see, for example, translated into Russian in
2017 textbook in Classical Japanese by Haruo Shirane).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Old Japanese

value: romanization

value: glossing

value: morphemic analysis

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Grosse, Tomasz Grzegorz

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grosse T. Poland’s geopolitical strategy (2004–2015). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2018, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 171–183.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the article is to analyse the strategic choices made in international relations
by a smaller state that does not has the status of great powers and participates within the
structures of the European Union. In the theoretical part of this article, a survey of selected
theories presents the role of smaller states and their basic geopolitical strategic choices. It
seems that the most commonly used strategy for smaller states is bandwagoning, i.e. attaching
oneself to a great power in exchange for support and protection. Another basic strategy is
called balancing. It is usually defined as an attempt to balance the influence and geopolitical
clout of an overly strong actor. The variant of balancing is an attempt to build an alternative
geopolitical core, composed of smaller countries in the region. Another variant is an attempt to
“bind” powers in a framework of institutionalized international cooperation, preferably in the
EU. An important strategy is buck-passing, which involves pushing responsibility to others. Yet
another is appeasement, which involves giving in to the demands of the dominant state, and
final approach may be the accumulation of wealth. In the empirical part, Poland’s geopolitical
strategy is analysed, taking into account the European integration in that strategy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is based on research conducted under the grant of the National Science Centre, Poland
no. 2015/17/B/HS5/00486.

dc.subject

value: geopolitical strategy

value: smaller (small) states

value: great powers

value: Poland

value: EU


dc.contributor.author

value: Hana, Yafia Y. J.

value: Akhmatshina, Enesh K.

value: Mokrushina, Amaliia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hana Y. Y. J., Mokrushina A. A., Akhmatshina E. K. Three manuscript copies of the Collection of Proverbs by al-Maydānī from the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Oriental Department of Gorky Library, St. Petersburg State University, and the National Library of Berlin. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 210–229.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper presents an analysis of three manuscript copies of the Collection of Proverbs by
the famous Muslim scholar-linguist al-Maydānī. Two of the copies are part of St Petersburg
manuscript collections: the collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian
Academy of Sciences and the collection of the Oriental Department of Gorky Library at St.
Petersburg State University. The third copy is part of the holdings of the National Library of
Berlin. The al-Maydānī Collection of Proverbs is a collection of Arabic proverbs arranged in
an alphabetical order. Each proverb is accompanied by a commentary on individual words,
grammatical constructions, and the origins and uses of the proverbs. The collection is prefaced
by the author and includes twenty-eight chapters, one for each letter of the Arabic alphabet.
Two additional chapters contain the list of Arab battle dates, the sayings of Muhammad
and some prominent figures of Islam. Interest in the work al-Maydānī is still alive today; his
work Mağma ‘al-’amṯāl continues to be reprinted. Most proverbs, which the author included
in his work several centuries ago, are widely used to this day. The study of the surviving copies
of this manuscript makes it possible to get the most complete impression of one of the largest
and most important works of the Arab thinker and scholar al-Maydānī, and also enables researchers
to look at the whole cultural and historical layer through the prism of proverbs used
in living speech.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: codicology

value: Arabic manuscript

value: manuscript copies

value: Arabic

value: proverbs

value: folklore


title: The concept of «fluid modernity» and transformation of European nationalism in the 21st century

dc.contributor.author

value: Tkachenko, Stanislav L.

dc.description.abstract

value:
[Рец. на книгу]: Bianchini S. Liquid Nationalism and State Partitions in Europe. London; New York:
Edward Elgar, 2017. 352 p.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shuiskaja, Natalia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shuiskaja N. М. Sectarian conflicts in the 21st century novel literature of Iraq. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 246–253.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Article analyses how the contemporary Iraqi novel literature illustrates sectarian conflicts.
The Arab revolutions enabled writers to use literature to openly discuss this ever-present
antagonism inherent in Arab societies. The article emphasizes that Iraqi authors analyse
both internal reasons for persistent sectarianism and external, implying the American occupation
of Iraq that has aggravated the situation in the country. The Iraqi novelists can offer
no direct answer on how to escape the deadlock of sectarianism. There are no direct answers
in the novel of A. Saadawi either. It should be pointed out that some characters consider his
“humanoid” Shismu-Frankenstein creature to consist of pieces belonging to people of different
races, tribes, social groups. The character could be interpreted as a protest against apathy,
humility, cowardice, slave psychology of people who are not able to protect the treasure that is
their lives. The author put Shismu under a constant threat of disintegration and it refers to the
fact that the very process of consolidation of different pieces into a single entity that makes up
the Iraqi nation has not yet been historically completed. The national feeling cannot yet trump
narrow sectarian interests overcome their spiritual numbness, restore what has been destroyed
in the souls of religious minorities that are psychologically traumatized, wounded by the sense
of their inferiority and uselessness in the homeland. But until the last day of creation comes,
while the last human is alive, it is too early to lose hope and close the book.

dc.subject

value: sectarianism

value: Muslims

value: Christians

value: Sunnis

value: Shiites

value: religious minorities

value: terrorist attacks

value: occupation

value: emigration


title: Review on the Arabic Language Textbooks by Dr. A. A. Mokrushina

dc.contributor.author

value: Malozyomova, Elena I.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 10; Issue 2


dc.contributor.author

value: Habibulla, Akram

dc.identifier.citation

value: Habibulla A. The Arabic manuscript ref. No 49 in the library collection of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2018, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 201–209.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article addresses the Arabic manuscript which dates back to the 14th century. The manuscript
ref. № 49 preserved in the library collection of the Moscow State Institute of International
Relations (University) was initially noted in 1994 by D. A. Morozov in his list of Arabic
manuscripts preserved in Moscow, and it was the same scholar who three years later published
a brief description of the manuscript. Without prejudice to the significance of the work thus
undertaken, it might be fitting to point to a number of inconsistencies and errors, for some
of them the author cannot be excused by any means. The manuscript consists of two works,
copied in 1332 and 1335: al-Tadhkirah fi ilm al-hay’ah [Memoir on Astronomy] by Naṣīr al-
Dīn al-Ṭūsī (d. 1274); and Muḥammad b. Dihqān’s Commentaries on the first chapter of the
Miftāḥ al-ʻulūm [Key of sciences] by Abū Bakr al-Sakkākī (d. 1229). The present study brought
to light previously unexplored copies of mediaeval treatises on astronomy and Arabic grammar,
which possess a high level of quality and reliability. We have also succeeded in clearing
up several errors and inconsistencies which had found their way into the previous catalogues,
including the reference book on bibliography by the German orientalist Carl Brockelmann.
Authors and titles of the works included in the manuscript were identified successfully.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Manuscript

value: MGIMO

value: al-Ṭūsī

value: as-Sakkākī

value: commentary

value: Miftāḥ


title: Revisionist powers and contemporary world order

dc.contributor.author

value: Bogdanov, Alexey N.

dc.description.abstract

value:
[Рец. на книгу]: Thies C., Nieman D. Rising Powers and Foreign Policy Revisionism. Understanding
BRICS Identity and Behavior Through Time. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2017. 206 p.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.type

value: Article


title: Institution of presidential power: evolution and current issues

dc.contributor.author

value: Kozlovsky, Vitaliy V.

dc.description.abstract

value:
[Рец. на книгу]: Ткаченко С. Л. Институт президентской власти. СПб.: Секретариат Совета
Межпарламентской ассамблеи государств — участников СНГ, 2018. 216 с.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrova, Elena

value: Isaeva, Elena

value: Kolos, Elena

value: Korzhevskii, Dmitrii

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrova, E., Isaeva, E., Kolos, E., and Korzhevskii, D. 2018. Allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the epineurium and perineurium of the recipient rat. Bio. Comm. 63(2): 123–132.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Achievements in regenerative medicine have demonstrated that using different
kinds of stem cells can have some stimulating effect on the reparative regeneration
processes of the nervous system. To stimulate nerve regeneration,
the experimental elaboration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation
is carried out actively. There is evidence that MSCs promote growth of the recipient
regenerating axons after transplantation into the damaged nerve or the
conduit. However, processes that happen in transplanted cells and these cells’
differentiation are poorly studied. The aim of the present study is to describe
the localization and morphologically peculiar properties of bone marrow-derived
mesenchymal stem cells after their allotransplantation into the injured
nerve of a rat. MSCs from Wistar—Kyoto rats were cultivated for seven days
and labeled with BrdU three days before using. The sciatic nerves of adult Wistar—
Kyoto rats were damaged, and suspensions of BrdU-labeled cultured
MSCs were immediately transplanted into the damaged sciatic nerves. Five to
seven days after transplantation, the surviving MSCs were found. Using fluorescent
microscopy, we found that some of the transplanted cells were localized
in the epineurium and in the perineurium. Some of the transplanted MSCs differentiated
into adipocytes and cells of the perineurium.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 63; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: MSCs

value: differentiating

value: nerve

value: epineurium

value: perineurium

value: adipocytes

value: immunohistochemistry

value: fluorescence microscopy


dc.contributor.author

value: Ognevaja, Ekaterina

value: Lajus, Dmitry

value: Izvekov, Evgeny

value: Nepomnyashchikh, Valentin

value: Malashichev, Yegor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ognevaja, E., Lajus, D., Izvekov, E., Nepomnyashchikh, V., and Malashichev, Y. 2017. Mirrors inhibit growth and stimulate lateralized response to prey in larvae of the Mexican axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum. Bio. Comm. 63(2): 133–139.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Laterality of brain and behavior at the individual and/or group level is a characteristic
of all vertebrate classes, including amphibians. It is well recognized that
the right-eye/left-hemisphere system is more efficient in discrimination of edible
and non-edible items. However, the ontogenesis of this or other lateralized
responses has rarely been investigated. Here we present the first evidence of
ontogenesis of right-eye/left-hemisphere response to live food in the Mexican
axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. Furthermore, we test a possible influence of
mirror images imitating the presence of conspecifics on laterality of the reaction
to food, as well as on the growth and development of axolotls; we then
compare the results to those known for anuran tadpoles. We placed the newly
hatched axolotls into aquaria either with transparent or mirror walls individually
(first experiment), or in a group of 25 animals (second experiment). The
larvae were fed Artemia salina nauplii and regularly scored for the number and
direction (either left or right) of their attacks towards the prey. Body length
was measured twice a month. The statistically significant lateralized response
to food was first detected in only three-week-old larvae and was right-sided,
suggesting processing of visual information in the left brain hemisphere. At the
same age, the left hemisphere seems to start its specialization in more efficient
perception of prey. In both experiments we found a significant difference
between the larvae growing in the transparent and mirror aquaria, with a tendency
towards a stronger right-sided lateralization in the mirror aquaria. Also,
the mirror walls inhibited larval growth, especially at the age of 60–75 days. A
similar phenomenon is known in overcrowding of anuran tadpoles, which is
discussed in terms of visual brain stimulation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was performed using
the infrastructure of the Resource Centre
“Observatory of Environmental Safety”,
Research Park, Saint Petersburg State
University. The work was supported by
Russian Science Foundation (project
14‑14‑00284 to YM).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Mexican axolotl

value: Ambystoma mexicanum

value: caudate amphibians

value: lateralized response to food

value: response to mirrors

value: ontogenesis of lateralization

value: perceptual lateralization

value: larvae growth

value: unihemispheric visual stimulation

dc.title

value: Article


title: Content of available forms of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in ornithogenic and other soils of the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, Western Antarctica)

dc.contributor.author

value: Abakumov, Evgeny

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abakumov, E. 2018. Content of available forms of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in ornithogenic and other soils of the Fields Peninsula (King George Island, Western Antarctica). Bio. Comm. 63(2): 109–116.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Maritime Antarctica is an interesting object for soil scientists because most of
them nowadays or recently were exposed to ornitogenic effect. Soils of the Fildes
Peninsula have been investigated in terms of chemical composition and
available nutrients concentration. Four groups of soils with various ornitogenic
effect were selected for chemical analyses: current ornitogenic soils, soils of
former birds habitats — organogenic mates, natural soils without current evident
bird effect — Lithosols and Technosols. Ornitogenic effect is evident in soil
formation in three types of soils investigated. The maximum effect of organic
matter transportation and accumulation is pronounced in Ornitogenic soils and
Organogenic mat. The last one are considered as recently been colonized by
birds and this fact was the reason for initiation of formation of organogenic
mats due to accumulation of nutrients. Some residual effect of birds can be revealed
in Lithosols, where increased content of ammonium ions and available
phosphorus was fixed. Thechnosols as soils constructed from local mineral
grounds have no any evidences of ornitogenic accumulation. We suggest that,
majority of soils, situated on Fildes peninsula recently were exposed to ornitogenic
effect. Ornitogenic effect resulted in formation of modern soil cover of
the Fildes Peninsula.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by
the Russian Foundation of the Basic
Research (projects No 16-34-60010 and
No 18-04-00900).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 63; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Antarctica

value: ornithogenic soils

value: nutrients

value: nitrogen

value: phosphorus

value: potassium


dc.contributor.author

value: Malashicheva, Anna

value: Irtyuga, Olga

value: Kostina, Aleksandra

value: Ignatieva, Elena

value: Zhiduleva, Ekaterina

value: Semenova, Daria

value: Golovkin, Alexey

value: Gordeev, Mikhail

value: Moiseeva, Olga

value: Kostareva, Anna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malashicheva, A., Irtyuga, O., Kostina, A., Ignatieva, E., Zhiduleva, E., Semenova, D., Golovkin, A., Gordeev, M., Moiseeva, O., and Kostareva, A. 2018. Osteogenic potential of adipose mesenchymal stem cells is not correlated with aortic valve calcification. Bio. Comm. 63(2): 117–122.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Osteogenic transformation as a result of cellular plasticity could be both beneficial,
in the case of bone formation, and hazardous, in the case of vascular calcification.
Mechanisms driving vascular calcification remain poorly understood,
while calcification of the vessels is one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality. In particular, calcification of the aortic valve is a serious complication
requiring surgical intervention. The mechanisms behind aortic valve calcification
and the origin of cells driving osteogenic transformation of the aortic
valve remain questionable. A circulating stem cell theory supports the view that
pathologic calcification could originate not only from valve cells, but also from
other sources. The aim of this study was to estimate the osteogenic potential of
adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from people with calcification
of the aortic valve versus MSCs from healthy people; further, to compare
the capacity of osteogenic differentiation between MSCs and valve interstitial
cells (VICs) from healthy donors and patients with severe calcification of the
aortic valve. MSCs and VICs were isolated from either healthy donors or from
patients with aortic valve calcification. The cells were immunophenotyped for
conventional MSC markers by flow cytometry. Osteogenic differentiation was
induced by addition of specific osteogenic inductors to the culture medium.
Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alizarin red staining and by estimation
of RUNX2 expression by qPCR. The MSCs of healthy donors were capable of
efficient osteogenic differentiation, while MSCs of the patients with aortic valve
calcification were not capable of osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that
there is no correlation between the capacity of adipose MSCs to osteogenically
transform and calcification of the aortic valve. Most likely, peripheral MSCs of
adipose origin could not be a source of aortic valve calcification.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by
the Russian Science Foundation (grant
No. 18‑14-00152).

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: stem cells

value: calcification of aortic valve

value: osteogenic differentiation

dc.title

filename: 04-Malashicheva et al.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Malashichev, Yegor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malashichev, Y. 2018. Distinct molecular mechanisms for development of brain asymmetries? Bio. Comm. 63(2): 103–105.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Brain and behavioral asymmetries are often associated with neurodevelopmental
disorders, but have yet uncovered genetic and developmental mechanisms.
A recent study by Vingerhoets and colleagues (2018), published in Brain
Structure and Function, examined neural structural and functional asymmetries
in a cohort of patients with situs inversus totalis, with and without primary ciliarly
dyskinesia as a second diagnosis. The authors showed a potential for independent
randomization of handedness, language dominance, and visceral
laterality; this provides the first experimental hint that different mechanisms
for symmetry breaking and molecular cascades may be involved in producing
asymmetry of body and brain.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by
the Russian Science Foundation (Grant
No. 14‑14‑00284).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 63; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: brain left-right structural asymmetry

value: situs viscerum inversus totalis

value: primary ciliarly dyskinesia

value: handedness

value: language dominance

value: developmental mechanisms

value: neurodevelopmental diseases

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Karpachev, Andrey

value: Prigoryanu, Oleg

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karpachev, A. and Prigoryanu, O. 2018. Prospects of settlement of bison (Bison bonasus) from free-ranging populations in Orlovskoye Polesie National Park. Bio. Comm. 63(2): 140–142.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Here we summarize the results of long-term work on the formation of large
free-ranging populations of the European bison (Bison bonasus) in Central Russia
(Orel, Kaluga, and Bryansk region). We characterize its dynamic processes
and justify the volume of harvest from the population that does not violate
population stability. We present the unique experience of bison settlement in
other wild populations and provide examples of forecasting population growth
with the use of mathematical modeling.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: European bison

value: free-ranging population dynamics

value: growth rate

value: proportion of withdrawal

value: settlement

value: forecasting


title: Muscle contraction: theory and facts

dc.contributor.author

value: Borkhvardt, Valentin

dc.identifier.citation

value: Borkhvardt, V. 2018. Muscle contraction: theory and facts. Bio. Comm. 63(2): 106–108.

dc.description.abstract

value:
All living organisms and many of their parts are organised in an essentially similar
manner: they are closed cavitary bodies. This organisation allows living bodies
to change shape by employing hydrostatic forces. It was recently shown that
the hydrostatic mechanism lies in the basis of very different morphogenetic
processes, and in the basis of muscle contraction, as recently shown by Borkhvardt
(2017). The new hypothesis on the mechanism of muscle contraction explained
many issues, but lacked direct proof. Now it seems that such proof has
been found.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was partially funded
by Saint Petersburg University (grant
no. 0.38.292.2015).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 63; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: muscle contraction

value: hydrostatic mechanism

dc.title

value: Muscle contraction: theory and facts


dc.contributor.author

value: Duskaeva, Liliia R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Duskaeva L. R. Linguopraxiologic peculiarities of the business newspaper texts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature, 2018, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 197–208.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses linguopraxiological features of business publications, these are particularities
of selection and combination of language means to express professional speech procedures
and actions. Linguopraxiological approach allows us to determine the specifics of
professional speech production in the speech consistency in the publications. The object of
the analysis are the texts of the most famous Russian business publications, while the subject
is a verbal behavior of the journalists reflected through the selection and combination of the
language means in the texts. The study has allowed to establish that the rules of the verbal behavior
established in the professional culture for this type of publications are the dominance
of the reporting of speech acts, maintaining a communicative distance between the author,
addressee, and “third” persons. The first is due to the high information density of publications,
the second is the objectification of presentation and predominance of indirect showing
of expression. High information density is manifested in concise and explicative character of
speech. Conciseness is supported by terminology, abbreviations, prevalence of the Latin alphabet,
stringent selection of objective quantitative, spatial and temporal characteristics of the
object of the speech. Explaining nature of the speech manifests itself in the active interpretations of words, especially in plug-in designs, infographics, allowing to describe trends, market
situation, etc. in a simple way. The aim on the objectivity of presentation, keeping the distance
with other communicants is manifested in graphic presentation of information and in demonstration
of information that is received from a competent source and in the almost complete
absence of openly expressed subjective moduses (perceptivity, evaluation, volitition, etc.).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: linguopraxiology

value: extratext

value: text

value: procedure of professional speech activity

value: speech actions and steps

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pronin, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pronin A. A. Lev Trotsky as a hero of the revolutionary-biographical film narrative: Versions of Russian and German documentary authors. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature, 2018, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 289–299.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents a comparative analysis with narratological positions of two documentary
films about L. Trotsky produced in Russia and Germany. It reveals the interrelation of
structural and cognitive aspects of the nonfiction film text, particular implementation of the
principle of polyphonic narration, and narrative strategies of an author. The only the dihegic
narrator is a grandson Vsevolod (Esteban) Volkov, who was a real witness of the last years of
the life of Trotsky. In the Russian film he acts not only as an eyewitness to two assassination attempts
on the grandfather, but as a hero, a survivor at 14 years of a drama that operates on the viewer (“narrative of emotions”). In the German film, the authors deliberately did not focus
on this character, E. Volkov appears only three times, his narrative statements are informative,
but not psychologically expanded, and therefore “poorer” in the cognitive terms. However, in
the German film, the through-line is quotations from the memoirs and journalistic texts of
Trotsky and two chronicle cinema citations. In both cases, the non-dihegic narrators are the
author and the characters who retell the information from different sources: Russian, German,
French, Mexican, and Ukrainian experts-historians or publicists. In both films, the author is
more active as a narrator than character-experts who often assesses, rather than just retells,
certain events in the history of the hero. The differences in the implementation of the author’s
intention are explained by the cognitive factors: the story of the hero in the Russian film is told
more emotionally because the hero, as he emphases the dihegic narrator-character, appears
more human; in the German cinema narrative about Trotsky, the events themselves and the
modern European point of view are presented.

dc.subject

value: documentary

value: narrative

value: author

value: strategy

value: cognition

value: L. Trotsky


dc.contributor.author

value: Yezhova, Yelena N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yezhova Ye. N. On extremism in media discourse on the North Caucasus region: Linguistic expert review of conflictogenic texts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature, 2018, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 209–219.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study is based on the analysis of the results of the regional and federal media space monitoring
on the North Caucasus that aims to reveal the information that can provoke the escalation
of conflicts and subverting the society. It is based on personal author’s experience in
numerous linguistic expert reviews of controversial texts to determine the presence / absence
of signs of extremism. The author of the article has long-term experience as a forensic linguist
of Advisory council on the application of the Russian Federation regulation about mass media
in Directorate of the Federal Service for Supervision in the sphere of communication, information
technologies and media in North Caucasus. Nowadays North Caucasus still remains
the region with the high conflictogenic potential and located in the area of serious possibility
of infowar. For this very reason the issue of media security has a particular dimension here.
The problem is particularly up-to-date as there are information torrents in the Internet and
the Internet media and social networks have the most deconstructive potential and remain the
area of informational provocations and threats to the national security. Recent years in North
Caucasus region revealed the growth of expert reviews connected with uncovering of extremism
signs in media texts. The experts reveal not only the open calls for inter-ethnic feud, separatism
and terrorism but also implicit aggression directed to persons of some nationalities or
another social class, veiled propaganda of one nation’s superiority above the other. The linguistic
expert review of conflictogenic texts becomes the essential tool of legal regulation of the
information torrents. Improving these regulation mechanisms becomes the most important
factor for media security in North Caucasus including the safety of information environment
itself as well as the social security from information deconstructive influence on psychological
and social state of the citizens.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: media discourse

value: North Caucasus

value: signs of extremism

value: linguistic expert review of a media text

value: media security


title: Petersburg readings as a world forum of journalism and media researchers

dc.contributor.author

value: Korkonosenko, S. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Корконосенко С. Г. Петербургские чтения как мировой форум исследователей журналистики и медиа // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Язык и литература. 2018. Т. 15. Вып. 2. С. 172–174.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Comuzzi, Ludmila V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Comuzzi L. V. Two documentary tales of “Ukrainian revolution”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature, 2018, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 236–251.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The primary purpose of the article is to demonstrate the expediency of applying the categories
of narrative theory, namely, point of view, focalization, and frame, to the analysis of documentary
films. The article approaches narrative journalism as a relatively new field of research and
practice, defines the concept of publicist narrative documentary and the importance of the
three narrative categories named above for its production and perception. On the practical
side we analyze two recent documentaries about the events of the 2013–2014 Euromaidan.
The analysis aims to show how these documentaries construct different types of frames, points
of view and techniques of focalization to convey conflicting tales about the same historical
event — the “Ukrainian revolution”. In Sergey Loznitsa’s “Maidan” the static camera, unaccompanied
by a narrator’s voice, generates a slow, epic rhythm of cinematic narration with the
people of Ukraine as its collective agent. Using Dziga Vertov’s formalist aesthetics Loznitsa
forms up a story about the heroic people, though the author’s ideological point of view is disguised
by the seemingly detached kino-eye. Igor Lopatyonok-directed and Oliver Stone-produced
“Ukraine on Fire” is a publicist narrative presenting Euromaidan not as an expression
of the people’s free will, but as the result of Washington’s politics. The anticipated perception
of this ideological stance is secured by a complex meta-frame and the rigorous logic of the
plot presenting revolutionary events as a consequence of historical events. The dynamics of
points of view following particular heroes and anti-heroes and the precisely centered focalization
reinforce the logic of narration, while the voice of the narrator plays the role of its open
“ideological mouthpiece”.

dc.subject

value: publicist narrative documentary

value: point of view

value: focalization

value: frame

value: Ukrainian revolution

value: S. Loznitsa

value: I. Lopatyonok

value: O. Stone


dc.contributor.author

value: Zagidullina, Marina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zagidullina M. V. Journalism 2.0: Towards definition of the concept. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature, 2018, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 220–235.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The object of this article is to introduce the concept of “journalism 2.0” (publitsistika 2.0) into
the research discourse. The panmediatizated communication field is considered as a substratum
of the journalism 2.0 phenomenon (globalization / individualization, commercialization
/ commoditization, panmediatization / detabooization / transparency). The boundaries of the
“journalism” concept are clarified in comparison with historical definitions. The definition of
the term “journalism 2.0” is proposed; essential characteristics of this media communication
phenomenon are provided: ideological polarization, improvisation, search for consensus. The observations are based on an analysis of user comments in posts of the Izvestia newspaper account
(Facebook and Vkontakte, 05–06.05.2017). The data comes from 813 comments. 11 cases
of statements and exchanges of replicas meeting the criteria of journalism 2.0 were found.
The examples of two main forms of journalism 2.0 in the current communication field are
given. The perspectives of research on the boundaries of this concept and on the conditions
of stability of phenomenon in current Internet-communication are considered. Analyzing examples
of users’ texts and discussions the various types of constructive dialogues are explored.
In this article, the author positively approach the existence of a discussion platform that creates
conditions of confrontation between user’s different points of view. On the negative side,
the author deems the resulting public polemics as a low level standard and nonconstructive
dialogue. The users “slip” towards mutual insults, ridicule, and various forms of cyberbullying.
Refering to J. Habermas’ concept, the author concludes that public discussions creates conditions
for the development and proliferation of journalism 2.0.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено за счет гранта РНФ, проект 16-18-02032.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: panmediatization

value: mediatization

value: web 2.0

value: journalism

value: users comments

value: users generated content

value: total particularities

value: Internet-communication

value: citizen journalism


dc.contributor.author

value: Kruglikova, Ol’ga S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kruglikova O. S. Moskovskie vedomosti after M. N. Katkov’s death: Competition for the publisher’s position. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature, 2018, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 252–264.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The editor of the newspaper Moskovskie vedomosti M. N. Katkov was one of the few conservative
publicists who successfully straggled with the opposition press and had a great influence
in many spheres. Being a convinced monarchist, Katkov took an independent position towards
the government and often criticized of high-ranking officials. The highest bureaucracy
had to put it up, because there was simply no other influential organ of the conservative monarchist
press. Katkov’s death in 1887 made the government choose a new editor. This article
analyzes some aspects of the competitive struggle for the post of the publisher of Moskovskie
vedomosti, and motives of the officials who participated in the resolution of this issue. The
most significant candidates for the post editor-publisher were two persons: S. A. Petrovsky,
Katkov’s assistant, and N. P. Gilyarov-Platonov, the editor of Sovremennye izvestiia — the Moscow
conservative newspaper for ordinary people. Petrovsky did not have significant journalism
talents and did not claim for an independent political position, Gilyarov-Platonov was a
talented journalist and original thinker who had monarchical convictions, but criticized the
government measures and therefore was in the black books of the Censorship. As the head of
the Censorship Department Ye. M. Feoktistov and the Minister of Internal Affairs, D. A. Tolstoy,
Minister of Education, I. D. Delyanov, and Procurator of the Holy Synod, K. P. Pobedonostsev
insisted, Moskovskye vedomosti was given to Petrovsky. The Petersburg bureaucracy
tolerated Katkov due to the ideological support to the monarchy in the troubled times. But
they were not ready to replace him with another talented but substantive man. Under Petrovsky’s
leadership Moskovskye vedomosti quickly lost the political significance, gradually shifted
the emphasis from socio-political problems to information and entertainment, and soon the
newspaper became one of the numerous Moscow news media.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: M. N. Katkov

value: Moskovskie vedomosti

value: newspaper

value: N. P. Gilyarov-Platonov

value: S. А. Petrovsky

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Novikova, Anna A.

value: Kiriya, Ilya V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Novikova A. A., Kiriya I. V. Aesthetics of immersion: Creativity of the journalist in multimedia and transmedia projects. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature, 2018, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 276–288.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers changes that occur both in audience expectations from journalism as a
way of producing symbolic forms and in aesthetic and technological approaches to creating
journalistic projects in multimedia multi-platform environments. These changes are primarily
due to the fact that journalism is forced to abandon the cognitive needs of the audience (these
needs are met in a new technological situation in other ways) and focus on other needs. One
of the key concepts for research is immersion as a set of the techniques for aesthetic impact on
the viewer, which allows him to be involved in a multimedia or transmedic environment of the
screen narration. Considering the desire to involve the public in the art space as a traditional
way of communication between the author and the viewer, the researchers dwell in detail on
the techniques of the last decades of the media industry development, when it gradually becomes
a part of the entertainment industry. An important step in this case is the development of television infotainment techniques, which were first used primarily in the news and then
became a universal tool of the modern screen language. Analyzing the features of the space
and time of multimedia and transmedic projects, the authors come to the conclusion that
aesthetic unity is achieved in various ways. For multimedia projects, the specific game space
of the screen action designed by the designers and programmers is determined by the viewer
mastering it within the user interface. Transmedium stories, in which action develops on different
platforms, often independently of each other, do not have a single space and time of action,
retain their integrity mainly due to common heroes and values that form the mythology
and mission of the project, deter users and stimulate their interactive participation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: aesthetics

value: immersion

value: multimedia journalism

value: infotainment

value: transmedia projects