dc.contributor.author

value: Rebiazina, V. A.

value: Berezka, S. M.

value: Antonova, N. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rebiazina V. A., Berezka S. M., Antonova N. G. 2020. Consumer’s attitude to the sharing economy in Russia. Russian Management Journal 18 (2): 255–278.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This research focuses on the main characteristics of a sharing economy, which is one of the fastestdeveloping sectors of 4.0 industry in the world and in Russia. Because of the increasing role of the
consumer as one of the key economic agents in a sharing economy, the research is focused on sharing
economy adoption factors at a consumer level. Sharing economy development perspectives and adoption factors, including the drivers and impediments that consumers face, are analyzed in the paper.
To identify the factors determining consumer behavior in the sharing economy in Russia, a quantitative survey with 2 576 respondents was conducted. The analysis of empirical data revealed six main
factors in the sharing economy from the consumer's perspective: attitude to the sharing economy,
difficulties in starting to participate in the sharing economy, perceived risks, the role of property,
influence of referent groups, and hygienic factors of the sharing economy. After cluster analysis, three
consumer clusters were determined: consumers with a neutral attitude to the sharing economy, skeptical consumers, and competent consumers. The results of the analysis are relevant both for academic research and management practice, and make it possible to draw conclusions about the problems
and perspectives of the development of a sharing economy in Russia, which are based on the analysis
of the impediments and stimulating development factors (drivers) in the context of the behavioral
model of Russian consumers in the sharing economy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: sharing economy

value: 4.0 Industry

value: digital transformation

value: consumer attitude


dc.contributor.author

value: Zavyalova, E. K.

value: Kucherov, D. G.

value: Tsybova, V. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zavyalova E. K., Kucherov D. G., Tsybova V. S. 2020. High-performance work systems in Russian and Indian IT companies. Russian Management Journal 18 (2): 235–254.

dc.description.abstract

value:
High-performance work systems represent one of the key topics in contemporary strategic
human resource management. This study aims to examine the high-performance work systems
in the IT sector of two emerging markets, Russia and India. The research, based on a survey
of 132 companies, indicates that there are differences in human resource management practices
between Russian and Indian IT companies, which constitute high-involvement and highcommitment work systems. Furthermore, regression analysis reveals that these systems impact
a firm's performance differently. The findings extend the literature on high-performance work
systems in knowledge-intensive firms in emerging markets.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: high-performance work systems

value: high-performance work practices

value: performance

value: IT companies

value: knowledge-intensive firms

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Bataeva, B. S.

value: Cheglakova, L. M.

value: Melitonyan, O. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bataeva B. S., Cheglakova L. M., Melitonyan O. A. 2020. Socially responsible behavior of SMEs in Russia: cross-cultural coordinates of G. Hofstede. Russian Management Journal 18 (2): 155–188.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the course of researching the responsible behavior of companies, it is essential to consider the
institutional environment, which is largely influenced by the national culture. This paper is an
attempt to explore the responsible behavior and activities of Russian small and medium enterprises (SMEs), while paying thorough attention to the specific features of the national culture.
The authors used the concept of G. Hofstede as a useful basis to empirically measure responsible
behavior. Empirical indicators and measurement scales are proposed to connect the responsible
behavior of SMEs in Russia with the five dimensions of culture offered by G. Hofstede. The responsible behavior of Russian SMEs was analyzed based on 61 interviews of owners and managers
of Russian SMEs conducted in 2015 and 2017. It was concluded that features of SMEs’ responsible behavior almost completely meet the profile of Russian national culture as defined by G.
Hofstede's cross-cultural dimensions. Differences are identified in the dimensions of “power
distance” and “femininity/masculinity”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: small and medium-sized businesses

value: entrepreneurship

value: socially responsible business

value: corporate social responsibility

value: national culture

value: dimensions of G. Hofstede

value: institutional theory


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikulin, E. D.

value: Sviridov, A. A.

value: Smirnov, M. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikulin E. D., Sviridov A. A., Smirnov M. V. 2020. The relationship of board of directors, audit committee and earnings management: Analysis of Russian public companies. Russian Management Journal 18 (2): 189–216.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using the sample of Russian public companies, this paper analyzes the relationship between the level
of earnings management and several characteristics of the board of directors, the key element of the
firm’s corporate governance. A particular attention is devoted to the audit committee — its structure
and the characteristics of its members. The object of the study are 184 Russian public companies for
2014–2018. The analysis demonstrates the inverse relationship between the magnitude of earnings
management and several attributes of the board of directors — its size, presence of the audit committee, the proportion of independent directors on Board. A similar type of relationship is revealed at the
level of the audit committee for the proportion of independent directors in the committee and the
presence of financial experts in the committee. At the same time, there is a positive relationship between the number of directorships positions of the audit committee members and the magnitude of
earnings management. The results indicate that several mechanisms of corporate governance might
have a potential for restraining earnings management in Russian public companies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета в рамках гранта «Механизмы корпоративного управления как фактор сдерживания манипулирования прибылью: анализ российских компаний» (№ АААА-А19-119062890057-4, id 41106330).

dc.subject

value: earnings management

value: board of directors

value: audit committee

value: corporate governance

value: Russia


dc.contributor.author

value: Rozhkova, K. V.

value: Roshchin, S. Yu.

value: Solntsev, S. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rozhkova K. V., Roshchin S. Yu., Solntsev S. A. 2020. Wage adjustment practices in Russian firms. Russian Management Journal 18 (2): 217–234.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Wage adjustments for employees are a reactive mechanism to changing market conditions and form
a significant part of pay policy. Though various attempts to explore wage levels and wage differentials
have been made, wage adjustment policies remain an understudied topic. This paper analyses the
determinants of wage adjustments based on data from Russian companies between 2015 and 2017.
The analysis is based on detailed data from an employer survey covering more than 5 000 firms in
both the public and private sectors. The study adopts probit models to identify the reasons for wage
revisions, which depend on both internal employer characteristics and external labour market conditions.
The results are in line with previous research on the topic and suggest that both internal and external
factors influence wage adjustments. A wage adjustment is a reflection of an ability to pay, meaning
that revisions are often made by successful firms with high employee turnover. It was also found that
institutional frameworks, especially trade union activity, also affect a firm’s decision to adjust wages,
despite the widely-held belief that unions play an insignificant role in Russia. This study contributes
to the limited literature by analyzing the determinants of wage policies depending on a firm’s
characteristics and is the first study of its kind based on extensive Russian data.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the
National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: wage adjustment

value: pay policy

value: pay settlement

value: trade union

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kulaeva, Olga

value: Kliukova, Marina

value: Afonin, Alexey

value: Sulima, Anton

value: Zhukov, Vladimir

value: Tikhonovich, Igor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kulaeva, O., Kliukova, M., Afonin, A., Sulima, A., Zhukov, V., and Tikhonovich, I. 2020. The role of plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in response to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Bio. Comm. 65(2): 187–199.

dc.description.abstract

value: Plants are continuously exposed to various biotic and abiotic factors that may trigger cascade reactions aimed at maintaining homeostasis. One of the most important components of plant protection from biotic factors is the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are a large group of peptides present in insects, animals and plants. Plant innate immunity is provided by AMPs from different families that are categorized according to sequence similarity, the number and order of amino acid residues, and the tertiary structure of the mature peptide. AMPs may also participate in plant response to abiotic stresses such as high salinity, drought, high or low temperature, and heavy metals. In nitrogen-fixing nodules of some members of the Fabaceae family, AMP-like molecules named NCR peptides promote the differentiation of the symbiotic bacteria into bacteroids. Thus, AMPs are used by plants for fine tuning their responses to biotic and abiotic factors alike.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work of OAK, AMA and IAT was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant # 17-76-30016). The work of ASS and VAZ was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant # 1616-00118). The work of MSK (analysis of the role of AMPs in legume–rhizobial symbiosis) was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant # 18-34-00187)

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 65; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: plants

value: antimicrobial peptides

value: abiotic factors

value: biotic factors

value: symbiosis

value: stress


dc.contributor.author

value: Lobov, Arseniy

value: Babkina, Irina

value: Maltseva, Arina

value: Mikhailova, Natalia

value: Granovitch, Andrey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lobov, A., Babkina, I., Maltseva, A., Mikhailova, N., and Granovitch, A. 2020. Proteins of penial mamilliform glands in closely related Littorina species (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda): variability and possible contribution to reproductive isolation. Bio. Comm. 65(2): 200–212.

dc.description.abstract

value: The forces driving reproductive isolation emergence during the process of sympatric speciation are still intensely debated. Mechanisms of gametic isolation (which are known to form rapidly in several models) take the central place in these debates. Nevertheless, the approximative capacity of a few investigated models to other taxa could be questioned, generating demand for the adoption of additional model organisms to study sympatric speciation. The group of closely related species of the genus Littorina (subgenus Neritrema) sympatrically inhabiting seashores are promising. In this study, we performed comparative proteomic analysis of penial tissues of four Neritrema species to identify potential effectors contributing to gametic isolation. Among 272 analyzed proteins, 13 mamilliform gland-specific proteins (possibly transferred to the female during copulation) were detected, as well as five proteins specifically expressed in the epithelium of the penial basal part. Eight of these proteins were speciesspecific and may be involved in the maintenance of reproductive barriers.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant number 18-34-00873 (PI Arseniy A. Lobov). The purchase of basic laboratory equipment was financed by the St. Petersburg State University grant number 0.40.491.2017 (PI Andrey I. Granovitch).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Littorina

value: proteomics

value: gamete recognition proteins

value: mamilliform gland

value: reproductive isolation

value: gametic isolation

value: Mollusca

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chen, Тingzhuo

value: Kirpichnikova, Аnastasia

value: Mikhaylova, Yulia

value: Shishova, Maria

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chen, Т., Kirpichnikova, A., Mikhaylova, Yu., Shishova, M. 2020. Comparison of two systems of tonoplast purification from tobacco cells of suspension culture BY-2. Bio. Comm. 65(2): 178–186.

dc.description.abstract

value: The tonoplast is an intracellular membrane, important for numerous functions of the vacuoles in plant cells. Transport, signaling, enzymatic activity and other processes of the tonoplast are the focus of a wide spectrum of studies. Multiple advanced analyses demand highly purified vacuoles or vesicles of the tonoplast membrane fraction. Since 1960 several approaches have been developed for such purification, but new goals and new model objects require adjustment of already existing techniques. The presented investigation aimed to compare two methods of tonoplast membrane fraction purification from tobacco suspension cell culture BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv Bright Yellow) based on sucrose and sucrose/sorbitol gradients. The functional activity of obtained purified tonoplast fractions was measured by the hydrolytic activity of vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-PPase.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No. 19-04-00655).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 65; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: tonoplast

value: vesicle fraction

value: purification

value: V-ATPase

value: H+-PPase


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhabko, Aleksei P.

value: Nurtazina, Karlygash B.

value: Provotorov, Vyacheslav V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhabko A. P., Nurtazina K. B., Provotorov V. V. Uniqueness solution to the inverse spectral problem with distributed parameters on the graph-star. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2020, vol. 16, iss. 2, pp. 129–143.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the space of piecewise smooth functions on a star graph, the question of the uniqueness
of the recovery of the differential operator of a boundary value problem from its spectral
characteristics is analyzed. The uniqueness of the recovery of the coefficient in a differential
expression and the constant in the boundary conditions of a boundary value problem from
spectral data is considered — a set of eigenvalues and a set of norms of the operator’s
eigenfunctions. The operator of the boundary value problem has a singularity generated
by the structure of the graph: differential expression is defined on the interior parts of
all the edges of the graph, and in the interior node of the graph, where the differential
expression loses its meaning, there is a generalized condition of Kirchhoff — the condition
of agreement (the condition of conjugating). A spectral approach is used, which is based
on the spectral properties of the elliptical operator: the analyticity of Green’s function of
the boundary value problem on the spectral parameter, spectral completeness and the basis
property of the set of its eigenfunctions in the space of square integrable function. The results
are the basis for solving inverse problems for evolutionary differential systems of parabolic
and hyperbolic types with distributed parameters on the network (graph), the elliptical part
of which contains coefficients to be determined. In problems of an applied nature, these are,
first of all, parameters that characterize the properties of the transfer of the solid environment
and describe the elastic properties of the process of deformation of the environment. The
approach mentioned above can also be applied to problems whose space variable is vectorlike
and varies in a network-like domain.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic
Kazakhstan (project N AP05136197).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: graph

value: differential operator

value: spectral characteristics

value: inverse spectral problem

value: uniqueness solution


dc.contributor.author

value: Khartanovich, Margarita F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khartanovich  M.F. 2020. Collaboration of the State New Exports Office (Novoexport) with the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1930–1932). The Issues of Museology 11 (1): 50–56.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The work is based on documents of the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian
Academy of Sciences related to the activities of the State Office “Novoexport” to identify new
export items through the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Leningrad. Great importance in 1930–1932 was given to attracting academic researchers of the Museum to export activities since they could organize export of the
museum-level items without harming the funds. The role of the most prominent Siberian
researcher, ethnographer, head of the Siberian Department of the Museum of Anthropology
and Ethnography Vladimir G.Bogoraz on saving the collections is highlighted. Assessing the
capabilities of the Museum’s funds and the research team Bogoraz insisted that the work on
identifying export collections should be based primarily on a specific order from a private collector or museum. The experience of expeditionary procurement of ethnographic collections
in Khakassia and Altai without a specific order was not effective in terms of export. Unclaimed
ethnographic collections remained at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the
USSR Academy of Sciences. The joint participation of the Museum and Novoexport in the
Fur Exhibition within Fur Auction in Leipzig in 1930 also did not bring export contacts. Bogoraz persistently proposed to organize a laboratory of replica of museum collections in the
Museum. The scientist developed a thematic structure of goods. The structure is published in
the article for the first time. It mainly covered the traditional culture and life of the peoples of
the North of the USSR.The Anthropology Department established some contacts with foreign
customers among scientific institutes. The items of export could be materials on physical anthropology. The work of the replica-making laboratory did not take on a large-scale character,
the activity was curtailed with the reorganization of Novoexport.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Novoexport

value: collections export

value: Vladimir Bogoraz

value: Siberian collections

value: Academy of Sciences of the USSR

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Abalian, Anna I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abalian A.I. Middle Eastern policy of the Russian Federation in the post-soviet period: Dynamics of development. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 263–281.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is an overview of the main directions of the policy of the Russian Federation in the
Middle East from 1991 to the present. Certain stages are identified when the transformation of the
paradigm of the Middle East foreign policy and, accordingly, the change in the role of Russia in
the regional arena took place. Various domestic and foreign policy factors are considered, which
caused the loss of Russia’s influence in the countries of the region in the 1990s and early 2000s,
but with the change in geopolitical realities, they lost their significance. This made it possible from
the mid-2000s to begin the process of restoring ties with traditional Middle Eastern partners,
simultaneously with the development of new areas of cooperation, in particular, with Israel and
the monarchies of the Persian Gulf. The article also identifies strategic priorities that affect the
nature of relations between Russia and such key countries of the region as Iran and Turkey as well
as determine the dynamics of their development. Particular attention is paid to the comparative
analysis and assessment of the geopolitical consequences of the policy of “active neutrality” in
the early stages of the “Arab Spring”, which led to the weakening of bilateral relations with the
countries of the Middle East and North Africa in addition to Russian positions in the region as a
whole, and Russia’s armed intervention strategy within the current Syrian crisis. In conclusion, the
author argues that there is a need for further development and diversification of contacts with the
countries of the Middle East region in the formation of Russian foreign policy taking into account
new trends in the world political and economic arena.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: the Middle East

value: the Arab spring

value: the Syrian crisis

value: Iran’s nuclear issue

value: Turkey

value: Israel


dc.contributor.author

value: Mutagirov, Dzhamal Z.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mutagirov D.Z. What and who prevent the Kurdish people from exercising their right to self-determination? Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol.  16, no.  2, pp.  293–302.

dc.description.abstract

value:
It will soon be 75 years since the United Nations Charter proclaimed the equal rights of peoples
including their right to self-determination, as well as the obligations of countries  — members
to protect these rights collectively. In 1966, the International Covenants on Human Rights were
signed and entered into force in 1976. So began with the confirmation of the right of peoples to
self-determination and clarification of the content of this right. In subsequent decades, the UN
and continental organizations have adopted hundreds of international agreements on certain aspects of people’s rights (to choose a social system, study in native languages, to development
and progress, etc.). However, many ethnic groups still cannot use their lawfully granted rights due
to reasons which are beyond their control. The author of the article provides an explanation of
the reasons preventing people from realizing the selfdetermination right recognized by the world
community on the example of the Kurdish people. The theoretical and methodological aspects of
the problem may be equally applicable to other peoples who, against their will, find themselves
in multinational states.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: ethnicity

value: Kurdistan

value: the right to self-determination

value: autonomy

value: independence

value: Federal State

value: entity

value: the interests of States


dc.contributor.author

value: Sootla, Georg

value: Gutorov, Vladimir

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sootla G., Gutorov V. Policy analysis in uncertain and ambiguous context: Agenda for methodological pluralism. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 184–209.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article we demonstrate why and how in the Western science of policymaking a challenge posited by empirical behaviouralism aimed at reforming the over-politicised plicy process
along the analytical-rational lines in 1950s did not succeeded. However, it produced a meaningful
shift in understanding the policy process and it formed by the 1970s a completely new conceptual
context and discourse on the policy process. As a result, by the new millennium the positivist and
constructivists perspectives, that are located at the opposite ends of the continuum of methodological presumptions, started to complement each other and even to intermingle at the level
of providing practical policy solutions. In the first part we analyse how the cognitive limits and
uncertainty of the context forces to re-focus policy analysis from substantive issues to the policy
arena design, and to work out conceptions of interactive policymaking. Simultaneously several
concepts of constructivist social science (frames, learning, narratives) were applied and adapted
in the positivist perspective. We demonstrate why constructivist-interpretivist policy analysis could
not for a long time get to the forefront of practical policy analysis. We demonstrate how the application of the pragmatist approach made it possible to develop the conception of design rationality.
Overall, we explore the framework in which different methodologies would complement each other
in providing policy advice and analysis from different practical angles.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported partly by the Estonian Research Council with a personal grant
“PUT1485 A relational approach to governing wicked problems” and EU project Horizon 2020 857366
“Migration and Integration Research Network”; the article was prepared partly with the support of the
Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Expert Institute for Social Research, project No. 20-
011-31349 “Liberal values in the modern world: the main trends of transformation”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 2

value: policy analysis

value: interactive policymaking

value: policy frames

value: policy learning

value: wicked issued

value: design rationality

value: method of critical dialogue

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lantsov, Sergey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lantsov S.A. Terrorism in the Middle East: Main stages of evolution. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 282–292.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the main stages of the evolution of terrorism in the Middle East from the
40s of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. It is noted that terrorism as a political
technology of using violence to achieve its goals was introduced to the Middle East from Europe
after World War II.Ideological origins of terrorism in the 60–70s of the 20th century are analyzed. It
is emphasized that during this period left-wing ideas had great popularity all over the world and in
the Middle East. On the basis of ideological proximity, there was cooperation between some Palestinian organizations and left-wing extremist groups operating in other regions of the world. It is
stated that at the end of the 20th century, in connection with the decline of the influence of radical
leftist ideas, Islamic terrorism became the main type of terrorism in the Middle East. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the activities of such terrorist organizations as Al-Qaeda and
the Islamic State is given. It is noted that with a common ideological platform, there were structural
and organizational differences between them. It is pointed out that Al-Qaeda is characterized by
an internal contradiction between the ultimate goal — the creation of a world caliphate and the
network principle of activity. The “Islamic State” overcame this contradiction by “territorialization”
in Iraq and Syria. As a “quasi-state” entity, ISIS has become vulnerable to counter-terrorism. The
final part of the article discusses the main ways of countering terrorism in the Middle East in
modern conditions.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: the Middle East

value: terrorism

value: left radicalism

value: right radicalism

value: Islam

value: Jihad

value: Caliphate

value: Al-Qaeda

value: Islamic State


dc.contributor.author

value: Volkov, Vitaly A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volkov V.А. Formation of conceptual foundations of environmental ideology. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 210–224

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the problem of the theoretical search for value-regulatory provisions that
determine the essence of environmental ideology. The peculiarity of the formation of environmental ideology is that its provisions grew out of a broad social environmental movement. They were
not preceded by the formation of a developed theoretical concept embodying a new system of
values. The fear of self-destruction by mankind through the destruction of the environment, has
caused a need for the discovery of uniform values for the salvation of civilization. Understanding the ecological crisis, determining its parameters and consequences happens initially in the
framework of the traditional worldview of Modern times. Attempts to create the theoretical basis
of environmental ideology is done by means of the conceptual framework of classical ideologies:
liberalism, conservatism, socialism. The emerging political ecology considers conservation of nature in the context of existing ideologically oriented concepts of sustainable development. The
2018 Club of Rome report changes the situation of understanding the fundamentals of environmental ideology. This analytical text puts forward conceptual principles that claim to go beyond
established alternatives. A new ontology is proposed that is relevant to the current situation of
the ecological crisis. The concept of “the full world” serves as its basis. The concept of the “new
enlightenment” proceeds from the fundamental limitations of the epistemological principles of
empiricism and induction. Hope is placed on the principles of synergy that balance existing differences and contrasts. At the same time the report leaves aside the political contradictions that
arise from the development of the ecological crisis. Environmental ideology has to build a system
of values not only based on the interpretation of the picture of the world, but also on the existing
political contradictions. The analysis of the formation of political ecology develops a system of
values based on political oppositions formed in attempts to overcome the ecological crisis by
political actors. The result of such an approach is the need for a special interpretation of concepts
of sovereignty, justice, and responsibility in the context of environmental problems.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: political ecology

value: value system

value: full peace

value: new enlightenment

value: eco-political sovereignty

value: eco-political justice

value: responsibility


dc.contributor.author

value: Samarin, Yaroslav V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samarin Ya.V. The democracy in a network society: Problems and prospects of development. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 251–262.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines the role of the new media and social networks as a factor in the development
of deliberative democracy. In the late 1990s, it was thought that the communication revolution
would be a way to overcome the crisis of representative democracy. With the development of the
Internet, the transition from a hierarchical model of communications to a network was supposed
to bring changes to the sphere of politics. New media and social networks should guarantee access of civil society to the political public sphere and help narrow the gap between the elite and
the people. Requirements are being formulated to increase the transparency and accountability
of state institutions, and to strengthen policy control. It was believed that the Internet will become
a place where the principles of deliberative democracy will be embodied. But now we should
admit that the new media development causes disappointment, and a times anxiety. Instead of
the growth of public discussions, we may encounter “echo chambers”, a victim of the essence
of information for effect, which as a result, leads to the radicalization of citizens. Governments
and IT-corporations exploit the increased capabilities of social networks and Big Data to control
and manipulate information, which jeopardizes the possibility of free discussion. The impact on
emotions and simple slogans turned out to be more acceptable in the Internet age than a reflective discussion on social issues. The communication revolution has led to changes in the public
sphere, but at the same time, it can lead to the erosion of democracy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: deliberative democracy

value: network policy

value: political communication

value: public sphere

value: democracy crisis

value: mass media

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gutorov, Vladimir A.

value: Mosneaga, Valeriu

value: Turco, Tatiana

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gutorov V.A., Mosneaga V., Turco T. The Republic of Moldova and visa-free regime: Problems and solutions. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 225–250.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the visa-free regime of the Republic of Moldova within the framework of the
CIS and the European Union. The main steps towards achieving the visa-free regime are reviewed.
The authors investigate the process of implementing the visa-free regime with the European Union
as a recent success of the Republic of Moldova. At the same time, the authors identify the positive
and negative effects that accompany the introduction of the Republic of Moldova — European
Union visa-free regime. A comparative analysis with other post-Soviet countries that have also
obtained the visa-free regime (Georgia and Ukraine) is conducted. The authors note that a visafree regime is an important tool that allows the EU to regulate relations with third countries. This
regime provides important benefits for citizens and strengthens social, cultural, and economic
ties between the EU and its partners. At the same time, the visa-free regime holds it responsible
for maintaining the progress achieved in the framework of the visa liberalization dialogues and
for ensuring a well-managed migration and security environment. The article makes wide use of
statistical and sociological data as well as analytical and empirical materials.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the
Expert Institute for Social Research, project No. 20-011-31349 “Liberal values in the modern world:
the main trends of transformation”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: visa-free regime

value: Republic of Moldova

value: CIS

value: European Union

value: migration

value: freedom of movement

value: open border regime

value: multilateral cooperation


dc.contributor.author

value: LUZECKY, ROBERT

dc.identifier.citation

value: LUZECKY R. ROMAN INGARDEN’S CONCEPT OF THE FILMIC WORK OF ART: STRATA, SOUND, SPECTACLE. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 683–702.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the present paper, I suggest a modification to some aspects of Ingarden’s analyses of the sound-synchronized filmic work of art. The argument progresses through two stages: (1)  I clarify Ingarden’s
claim that the work of art is a stratified formation in which the various aspects present objectivities;
(2)  I elucidate and critically assess Ingarden’s suggestion that the filmic work of art is a borderline
case in respect to other types of works of art—paintings and literary works. Here, I identify a problem
with Ingarden’s claims about the function of sound in the concretized filmic work’s presentation of its
fictive world. Ingarden identifies the presented universe of the filmic work of art as a habitus of reality, but Ingarden seems oddly conflicted with respect to his notion of habitus. I argue that this stems
from Ingarden’s conceptualization of the filmic work of art as primarily composed of the stratum of
represented “visible aspects” in both the cases of the silent film and the sound-synchronized film, and
his restriction of the role of phonetic content in the latter. I suggest that were we to reconceptualise the
role of aurally presented phonetic content in the concretized sound-synchronized film, we could better
understand how film has the seeming magical capacity to transfix us.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 2

value: Ingarden

value: film

value: sound

value: ontology

value: silent film

value: aesthetics

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: MIKHAYLOV, DENIS

dc.identifier.citation

value: MIKHAYLOV D. THE WORLD OUTSIDE THE WINDOW: THE PREFACE TO THE TRANSLATION OF THE ARTICLE “DEFENESTRATION” BY MARC RICHIR. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 749–759.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper is a presentation of Russian translation of the article « La Défenestration » (1971) by Marc
Richir. In this paper we depict the philosophical context in which the article was written and define its
place in the totality of Richir’s works. Our main goal is to help the reader to understand the features of
Richir’s complex thought and to give explicit definition to the term “defenestration.” The defenestration, understood as a philosophical concept, is a process of reconsideration of major phenomenological
presuppositions. Thus, we distinguish three main steps of defenestration basing on Richir’s critique of
previous phenomenologists: 1) the abolition of the transcendental ego as a structure external to “the
world”; 2) the rejection of the universe of beings as the one and only universe people inhabit (moreover,
such a universe of beings should not be anymore considered as homogenous space of representation);
3) rethinking the phenomenalisation on the basis of “nothing” (rien) as a primary universe and, therefore, overcoming the classical dualism of the sensible and the intelligible. We conclude that by analyzing systems of previous philosophers through the concept of defenestration Richir in this early work
determines the direction of his future philosophical research.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Marc Richir

value: New French Phenomenology

value: subjectivity

value: truth

value: phenomenon

value: the structure of representation

value: sense

value: distortion

value: nothing


dc.contributor.author

value: GLADDEN, MATTHEW E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: GLADDEN M. REVISITING INGARDEN’S THEORETICAL BIOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE LITERARY WORK OF ART: IS THE COMPUTER GAME AN “ORGANISM”? Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 640–661.

dc.description.abstract

value:
From his earliest published writings to his last, Roman Ingarden displayed an interest in theoretical
biology and its efforts to clarify what distinguishes living organisms from other types of entities. However, many of his explorations of such issues are easily overlooked, because they don’t appear in works
that are primarily ontological, metaphysical, or anthropological in nature but are “hidden” within his
works on literary aesthetics, where Ingarden sought to define the nature of living organisms in order to
compare literary works to such entities. This article undertakes a historical textual analysis that traces
the evolution of Ingarden’s thought regarding the nature of the literary work of art as an organism-like
entity and uncovers its links with the simultaneous development of his systems theory and its central
concept of the “relatively isolated system”: for Ingarden, a literary work and an organism are each a systematically transforming, “living,” functional-structural whole that comprises a system of hierarchically arranged and partially isolated (yet interdependent) elements whose harmonious interaction allows
the literary work or organism to fulfill its chief function. Having completed that historical analysis, we
test Ingarden’s assessment of works of art as organism-like entities in a novel context by investigating
the organism-like qualities of the contemporary computer game; insofar as their AI-driven behavior
displays a form of agency, such games might appear to be even more “alive” than traditional works
of art. We show that Ingarden’s conceptual framework provides a useful tool for understanding the
“organicity” of such games as works of art, despite the fact that they differ qualitatively from those art
forms with which Ingarden was directly familiar.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Roman Ingarden

value: theoretical biology

value: organisms

value: systems theory

value: relatively isolated systems

value: philosophical aesthetics

value: literary works

value: computer games

value: Zygmunt Łempicki

value: Max Scheler


title: VIRTUAL OBJECTS: BECOMING REAL

dc.contributor.author

value: SKOWRON, BARTŁOMIEJ

dc.identifier.citation

value: SKOWRON B. VIRTUAL OBJECTS: BECOMING REAL. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 619–639.

dc.description.abstract

value:
From an ontological point of view, virtuality is generally considered a simulation: i.e. not a case of true
being, and never more than an illusory copy, referring in each instance to its real original. It is treated
as something imagined — and, phenomenologically speaking, as an intentional object. It is also often
characterized as fictive. On the other hand, the virtual world itself is extremely rich, and thanks to new
technologies is growing with unbelievable speed, so that it now influences the real world in quite unexpected ways. Thus, it is also sometimes considered real. In this paper, against those who would regard
virtuality as fictional or as real, I claim that the virtual world straddles the boundary between these two
ways of existence: that it becomes real. I appeal to Roman Ingarden’s existential ontology to show that
virtual objects become existentially autonomous, and so can be attributed a form of actuality and causal
efficaciousness. I conclude that the existential autonomy and actuality of virtual objects makes them
count as real objects, but also means that they undergo a change in their mode of existence.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is an improved and extended version of a text previously published in Polish (Skowron,
2019).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: virtual object

value: real object

value: intentional object

value: becoming real

value: existential autonomy

value: actuality

value: existential ontology

value: efficacy

dc.title

value: VIRTUAL OBJECTS: BECOMING REAL

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: BYRNE, THOMAS

dc.identifier.citation

value: BYRNE T. INGARDEN’S HUSSERL: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE 1915 REVIEW OF THE LOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 513–531.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This essay critically assesses Roman Ingarden’s 1915 review of the second edition of Edmund Husserl’s Logical Investigations. I elucidate and critique Ingarden’s analysis of the differences between the
1901 first edition and the 1913 second edition. I specifically examine three tenets of Ingarden’s interpretation. First, I demonstrate that Ingarden correctly denounces Husserl’s claim that he only engages
in an eidetic study of consciousness in 1913, as Husserl was already performing eidetic analyses in
1901. Second, I show that Ingarden is misguided, when he asserts that Husserl had fully transformed
his philosophy into a transcendental idealism in the second edition. While Husserl does appear to
adopt a transcendental phenomenology by asserting–in his programmatic claims–that the intentional
content and object are now included in his domain of research, he does not alter his actual descriptions of the intentional relationship in any pertinent manner. Third, I show Ingarden correctly predicts
many of the insights Husserl would arrive at about logic in his late philosophy. This analysis augments
current readings of the evolution of Ingarden’s philosophy, by more closely examining the development
of his largely neglected early thought. I execute this critical assessment by drawing both from Husserl’s later writings and from recent literature on the Investigations. By doing so, I hope to additionally
demonstrate how research on the Investigations has matured in the one hundred years since the release
of that text, while also presenting my own views concerning these difficult interpretative issues.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Ingarden

value: Husserl

value: phenomenology

value: Logical Investigations

value: transcendental reduction

value: logical grammar

value: essence

value: descriptive psychology


dc.contributor.author

value: PIWOWARCZYK, MAREK

dc.identifier.citation

value: PIWOWARCZYK M. THE INGARDENIAN DISTINCTION BETWEEN INSEPARABILITY AND DEPENDENCE: HISTORICAL AND SYSTEMATIC CONSIDERATIONS. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 532–551.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper I present the Ingardenian distinction between inseparability and dependence. My considerations are both historical and systematic. The historical part of the paper accomplishes two goals.
First, I show that in the Brentanian tradition the problem of existential (or broadly: ontological) conditioning was entangled into parts—whole theories. The best examples of such an approach are Kazimierz Twardowski’s theory of the object and Edmund Husserl’s theory of parts and wholes. Second,
I exhibit the context within which Ingarden distinguished inseparability and dependence. Moreover,
Ingarden’s motivations are presented: the problem of understanding the Husserlian concept of “immanent transcendence,” the issue of the existence of purely intentional objects, and finally the problem of
the relationship between individual objects and ideas. The systematic part deals with the ambiguity of
Ingarden’s definition of inseparability. I seek to improve this definition by reference to the distinction
(made by Ingarden himself) between absolute and summative wholes. I also present some divisions
of inseparability and dependence and investigate whether these types of existential conditioning are
reflexive, symmetric, or transitive.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper is a result of project no. 2017/27/B/HS1/02455 and was funded by the National Science
Center, Poland

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: inseparability

value: dependence

value: absolute whole

value: summative whole

value: Roman Ingarden

value: Edmund Husserl

value: Kazimierz Twardowski


title: INTRODUCTION

dc.contributor.author

value: PŁOTKA, WITOLD

value: BYRNE, THOMAS

dc.identifier.citation

value: INTRODUCTION. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 13–14.

dc.description.abstract

value: Introduction

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 2

dc.title

value: INTRODUCTION

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: MITSCHERLING, JEFF

dc.identifier.citation

value: MITSCHERLING J. EMPATHY AND EMOTIONAL COEXPERIENCING IN THE AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 495–512.

dc.description.abstract

value:
After briefly remarking on previous treatments of empathy in the philosophical and psychological
literature, I outline Stein’s treatment of this concept in On the Problem of Empathy and Philosophy
of Psychology and the Humanities, illustrating the problematic breadth of her application of the term
‘empathy,’ a breadth that Stein herself calls to our attention. After a brief discussion of Stein’s treatment
of empathy and the experience of value, I turn to certain features of Roman Ingarden’s analyses of aesthetic experience found in The Literary Work of Art and The Cognition of the Work of Art that deal with
what he refers to as the reader’s ‘emotional coexperience’ of situations and events represented in the
work of art. I conclude by comparing Stein’s account of empathy with Ingarden’s account of aesthetic
experience, both of which deal at length with the subjective activities of “feeling with” and emotional
coexperience.

dc.subject

value: empathy

value: aesthetic experience

value: aesthetic value

value: emotional coexperiencing

value: personal values

value: psychology

value: phenomenology

value: Edith Stein


dc.contributor.author

value: PŁOTKA, WITOLD

dc.identifier.citation

value: PLOTKA W. BEYOND ONTOLOGY: ON BLAUSTEIN’S RECONSIDERATION OF INGARDEN’S AESTHETICS. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 552–578.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article addresses the popular reading of Ingarden that his aesthetic theory is determined by ontology. This reading seems to suggest that, firstly, aesthetics lacks its autonomy, and, secondly, the
subject of aesthetic experience is reproductive, and passive. The author focuses on Ingarden’s aesthetics
formulated by him in the period of 1925–1944. Moreover, the study presents selected elements of Ingarden’s phenomenology of aesthetic experience, and by doing so, the author aims at showing how Ingarden’s aesthetics was reconsidered by Blaustein, a student of Ingarden, whose theory seems to lead one
beyond the scope of ontology. Blaustein, namely, reconsiders Ingarden’s theory of purely intentional
objects by interpreting it in a descriptive-psychological, or phenomenological fashion. The article is divided into four parts. In section 1, the author highlights historical interconnections between Ingarden,
and Blaustein. Section 2.1. is devoted to Ingarden’s phenomenological approach towards aesthetic experience as a phasic structure. At this basis, in section 2.2., Ingarden’s early theory of intentional objects
is to be discussed. Section 3 concerns Blaustein’s contribution to phenomenology of aesthetic experience. Given that Blaustein formulates his theory in discussion with Ingarden, section 3.1. is devoted
to Blaustein’s critical assessment of Ingarden’s method, and aesthetics. Next, in section 3.2., the author
presents Blaustein’s original theory of presentations, and its use in aesthetics. Finally, in section 4, the
author lists similarities, and differences between Blaustein’s and Ingarden’s aesthetic theories.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The project was held within the research grant on “The Presence
of Kazimierz Twardowski’s Thought in Early Phenomenology in Poland” financed by the National
Science Centre, Poland within the OPUS program (No. 2017/27/B/HS1/02455).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: descriptive psychology

value: purely intentional object

value: theory of presentations

value: Ingarden

value: Blaustein


dc.contributor.author

value: WILLIAMS, HEATH

dc.identifier.citation

value: WILLIAMS H. CHALLENGING INGARDEN’S “RADICAL” DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE REAL AND THE LITERARY. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 703–728.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Ingarden’s phenomenology of aesthetics is characterised primarily as a realist ontological approach
which is secondarily concerned with acts of consciousness. This approach leads to a stark contrast
between spatiotemporal objects and literary objects. Ontologically, the former is autonomous, totally
determined, and in possession of infinite attributes, whilst the latter is a heteronomous intentional
object that has only limited determinations and infinitely many “spots of indeterminacy.” Although
spots of indeterminacy are often discussed, the role they play in contrasting the real and literary object
is not often disputed. Through a close reading of Ingarden’s ontological works and texts on aesthetics,
this essay contests the purity of Ingarden’s ontological approach and the ensuing disparity between real
and literary object, particularly on the question of spots of indeterminacy. I do this by demonstrating
the following five theses: 1) Ingarden’s claim that the real object has an infinitude of properties belies an
epistemology, and we should instead conclude that ontologically the real object’s properties are finite.
2) Ingarden’s a priori argument that absent properties of real objects are ontologically determined is
unsound. 3) The radical difference between the infinitude and finitude of givenness and absence of the
real and the literary object ought to be relativised. 4) Indeterminacies within the novel are concretised
in much the same way that absent properties of real objects are intended. 5) Literature makes claims
that have a truth value that we can attribute to their author.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Ingarden’s aesthetics

value: Ingarden’s ontology

value: real and literary objects

value: spots of indeterminacy

value: finitude and infinitude

value: truth in literature

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: BERTOLINI, SIMONA

dc.identifier.citation

value: BERTOLINI S. THE INFLUENCE OF EDITH STEIN ON INGARDEN’S CONCEPT OF PERSON AND SOUL (CONTROVERSY OVER THE EXISTENCE OF THE WORLD, § 78). Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 579–600.

dc.description.abstract

value:
As is well known, Roman Ingarden and Edith Stein had a deep intellectual relationship and friendship,
which began during their stay in Göttingen and Freiburg. The time spent together during this period
and the correspondence that they maintained over the following years allowed them to be in close
contact with their respective philosophies and to influence each other. This article aims at illustrating
the affinities between Ingarden’s description of soul in § 78  of Controversy over the Existence of the
World and the analysis of soul and psyche developed by Stein between 1916 and 1922. Furthermore,
it aims at presenting the hypothesis that this analysis influenced the formal anthropology elaborated
by the Polish philosopher many years later. Both the depiction of the soul as a personal nucleus that
manifests itself in human lived experiences and the description of this manifestation through the notion of “force” are theoretical elements that are essential in Ingarden’s mature ontology of man and that
already played a crucial role in Stein’s early writings. Both thinkers, within several years of one another,
elaborated an anthropological view that does not have the life of consciousness as a primary guideline,
but that brings to light the ontological relevance of the unitary psychic source of human dispositions,
of human character, and of consciousness itself.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Roman Ingarden

value: Edith Stein

value: person

value: soul

value: consciousness

value: psyche

value: human spirituality

value: phenomenological anthropology

value: ontology


dc.contributor.author

value: SODEIKA, TOMAS

dc.identifier.citation

value: SODEIKA T. ZUR ROMAN INGARDENS AUFFASSUNG DER ONTISCHEN FUNDAMENTE DER VERANTWORTUNG: DIE VERANTWORTUNG ALS FUNDAMENT DER ONTOLOGIE? Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 601–618.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Polish phenomenologist Roman Ingarden gained recognition primarily due to his research on aesthetics. However, he considered the ontology to be the main area of his philosophical interests. At the
beginning of his scientific career, Ingarden realized that he could not agree with his teacher Edmund
Husserl, who considered phenomenology as a transcendental philosophy. From Ingarden’s point of
view, the fallacy of this approach lies in the fact that it leads to metaphysical idealism and makes it impossible to grasp the difference between real-life objects and intentional objects, i.e. objects generated
by pure consciousness. In his main work Controversy over the Existence of the World (Der Streit um die
Existenz der Welt), Ingarden tried to identify the difference between the ontological structures of real
and intentional objects, expecting in this way to uphold the legitimacy of a realistic point of view and
to prove that the real world is not a product of pure consciousness, but exists independently of him.
Nevertheless, the result achieved by using the existential and formal ontological analysis of the a priori
structures of various objects turned out to be insufficient to refute Husserl’s transcendental idealism.
The article focuses on the last lifetime publication of Ingarden—his book On Responsibility. Its Ontic
Foundations (Über die Verantwortung. Ihre ontischen Fundamente) published in 1970. Since this work
is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of responsibility, it may seem that here we are dealing primarily with research on ethics. The article attempts to show that the book can be read as an ontological
study that continues the “debate about the existence of the world,” i.e. as an attempt to prove the reality
of the world. However, this proof is no longer based on an analysis of the a priori structures of various
objects, but on a direct experience of responsibility

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This project has received funding from European Social Fund (project No 09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-
0085) under grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT).

dc.language.iso

value: de

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 2

value: responsibility

value: phenomenology


dc.contributor.author

value: MEDOVA, ANASTASIA

value: KIRICHENKO, ANNA

dc.identifier.citation

value: MEDOVA A., KIRICHENKO A. ROMAN INGARDEN’S CONTRIBUTION TO SOLVING THE ONTOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PHENOMENOLOGY OF MUSIC. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 662–682.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Phenomenology of music has been a perspective trend of phenomenological aesthetics for more than
a hundred years. The topic of the paper is fixation the main problems and vectors of development of
phenomenology of music. The authors execute an analysis of Roman Ingarden’s position in the discussions concerning the methodological and ontological problems of phenomenology of music. The paper
aims at revealing succession in Roman Ingarden’s solutions to the phenomenology of music problems.
The other aim is reflection on the originality of Ingarden’s ideas in the context of phenomenological
interpretations of music in 20th and 21st centuries. The solution to these tasks allows the authors to fix
key problems and identify the principal positions of phenomenology of music. The main sources of
the comparative and historical analysis are the studies carried out by Husserl, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty,
Clifton, and Ihde. The most important ontological problems of phenomenology of music are: spatiotemporal constitution of music, reduction of a work of music to its performance, and ontological status
of a work of music. The analysis of Ingarden’s position on these problems allows us to characterize it
as something different from the existing versions. According to the conception, the time of music is
a special type of time, that is, quasi-time. A piece of music is a purely intentional, heteronomous, and
intersubjective object. There are a number of methodological specificities of Ingarden’s approach: a
refusal of reduction of musical theoretical data, a tendency for independence of a piece of music from conscious and mental processes, and an interpretation of a piece of music as a non-sounding phenomenon. In conclusion, the authors demonstrate how the originality and radical nature of Ingarden’s
conclusions made his position defenseless against critique and simultaneously marked the tendency in
the contemporary phenomenological studies of music.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Roman Ingarden

value: ontology of music

value: acoustic phenomenon

value: musical time

value: space of music

value: bound idealities

value: intentional object

value: quasitemporal structure

value: semantic intention

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: ELSBY, CHARLENE

dc.identifier.citation

value: ELSBY C. TIME AND ITS INDETERMINACY IN ROMAN INGARDEN’S CONCEPT OF THE LITERARY WORK OF ART. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 729–748.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The time of the literary work of art is a schematized aspect of the represented objectivities of the literary
work. Roman Ingarden’s analysis of the time of the literary work extends upon Husserl’s phenomenology of time consciousness but nevertheless remains consistent with it, insofar as within a literary work
as well as actuality, an objective time or literary objective time is constituted from an experience of temporal objects (or in the case of the work of art, represented objectivities). The time of the literary work
of art is experienced through its represented objectivities and depends on an already existent concept
of objective time. (We conceive of the time of the literary work of art as a variant of actual time.) The
time of the literary work, however, gains an indeterminacy, as the author of the literary work is able to
manipulate our experience of time within the literary work by predicting how the reader will concretize its events, characters, and objects with respect to time. I use Alain Robbe-Grillet’s representation
of the centipede in La Jalousie as an example of the possible manipulations of time, explicable through
Ingarden’s analysis of time in the literary work of art.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 9; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Ingarden

value: literature

value: indeterminacy

value: time consciousness

value: schematized aspects

value: concretization


title: DEFENESTRATION

dc.contributor.author

value: RICHIR, MARC

dc.identifier.citation

value: RICHIR M. DEFENESTRATION. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2020, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 760–781.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article « La Défenestration » by Belgian philosopher Marc Richir has been translated into Russian
for the first time for this issue of the “Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology.” In his early work “The Defenestration” Richir raises the question of relation between the subject and conceivable world. Here, a
philosopher is pictured contemplating the world through the window of his tower. In such detachment
from the world the thinker finds himself according to all Modern philosophies of consciousness. Husserl’s phenomenology inherits this detachment, since Husserl imposes the structure of transcendental
ego as external to the world. Richir abolishes the concept of transcendental ego with the help of heideggerian Dasein, but analyzing Heidegger’s ontology he comes to the conclusion that the latter remains fixated on beings. Believing a person to live in the fundamental openness of Being, Heidegger places
such a person in the secondary world of “truth.” In order to overcome the remains of traditional philosophy in Heidegger’s ontology Richir turns to Merleau-Ponty’ “cosmology of the visible.” The author
takes the Merleau-Ponty’s thesis that everything visible has something fundamentally invisible in it.
This allows him to discover the universe of “nothing” (rien), which includes both the visible and what
is “behind” it. As a result Richir overcomes the classical dualism of the sensual and the intelligible. The
concept of defenestration places the subject and the world in the same universe.
DENIS MIKHAYLOV (trans. from French), DARIA CHAGANOVA (ed.), GEORGY CHERNAVIN (ed.)

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Marc Richir

value: Edmund Husserl

value: Martin Heidegger

value: Maurice Merleau-Ponty

value: detranscendentalisation

value: subjectivity

value: phenomenalisation

value: distortion

value: truth

dc.title

value: DEFENESTRATION


title: Замечания и предложения к проекту приказа Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации и Министерства просвещения Российской Федерации  «Об организации и осуществлении образовательной деятельности при сетевой форме реализации образовательных программ»

dc.contributor.author

value: Дмитрикова, Е. А.

value: Дивеева, Н. И.

dc.type

value: Working Paper

filename: СЕТЕВАЯ ФОРМА РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ОП.pdf


title: Замечания и предложения к проекту приказа Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации и Министерства просвещения Российской Федерации  «О практической подготовке обучающихся»

dc.contributor.author

value: Дмитрикова, Е. А.

value: Дивеева, Н. И.

dc.title

filename: ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ПОДГОТОВКА ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ.pdf


title: Об обучении  иностранных  граждан

dc.contributor.author

value: Дмитрикова, Е. А.

value: Лаврикова, М.Ю.

value: Соловьев, А. А.

dc.description.abstract

value: Экспертное заключение на проект "Об обучении  иностранных  граждан"

value: Об обучении  иностранных  граждан


title: Об изменении  планового срока внесения в Правительство Российской Федерации  проекта Положения о лицензировании  образовательной  деятельности

dc.contributor.author

value: Дмитрикова, Е. А.


value: Frank, Thomas

dc.identifier.citation

value: Frank T. Rediscovering Russian-Scandinavian relations: The role of medieval Russian waterways. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 409–427.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article challenges the Scandinavian silence of medieval Russian-Scandinavian
relations and presents a field study (2017) of the medieval waterway Put’ iz varjag
v greki (the route from the Varangians to the Greeks) as a key to reopen awareness
and provide new knowledge of these influential relations. The article more specifically
argues that in order to understand the cultural and religious transformations in
Scandinavia in the years 800–1200 it is necessary to reimagine Scandinavia with significant
relations to Russia, and in light of that reconsider the entire literary evidence.
The hypothesis is that field studies according to the oldest sources can substantiate
these contacts and thereby allow us to review the literary evidence. As a literary proof
of relations, the article outlines and discusses medieval Eastern and Western sources
according to the signifiers “Rus’” and “Varangians”. Furthermore, it considers the
problems with former field studies and presents the findings of the new study. The
findings show that travel to and from Russia and further east along the Russian rivers
was within normal medieval travel-time, and at its core there was cooperation and
exchange with the local population. Finally, in light of the findings the article gives
a preliminary reinterpretation of the textual evidence of exchange in the period of
the Danish King Harald Bluethooth and the Russian Prince Vladimir the Great. It
proposes that exchanges influenced the religious transformations in both Denmark
and Russia.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russian-Scandinavian relations

value: Old Rus’

value: Rus’

value: Varangians

value: Russian waterways

value: medieval Russian boats

value: cultural exchange

value: Povest’ vremennyh let

value: Vladimir the Great

value: Harald Bluethooth

value: Medieval Europe

value: Old Norse-Icelandic literature

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lomagina, Anastasia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lomagina A. Karen Bixen reads the Olaf Tryggvason saga: Reseption of the saga and narrative strategies in “The Bear and the Kiss”. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 323–337.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses the reception of the Norse sagas in Karen Blixen’s short story
“The Bear and the Kiss” written in 1958 with the main focus on the “saga of Olaf Tryggvason”.
Drawing on Wolfgang Iser’s reception theory, the article explores the hierarchy of
the pre-texts that are traceable in the text of the considered story and suggests a system
of markers that are meant to include interaction with the precedent texts. The typology
of markers includes the characters’ names, metaphorical use of mythological or historical
personas, the identified cited texts or stories, identical attributes (in this particular text —
a glove thrown into a person’s face), the characters’ appearance, and similarity or contrast
with the storyline of the other unidentified text. The analysis shows that there are two
possible effects of the use of references: semantic compression and, conversely, symbolist
and Neoplatonic circling around the event, which creates a semantic gap. The reader can
either find himself aware of a riddle yet being unable to understand how the events or
reactions fit into the plot or assume the role of an investigator creating his own interpretation
of the storyline. The examined strategy of circling around the truth in order to
indicate an idea or a fact by using metaphors, comparisons, and allusions in combination
with Walter Benjamin’s and Edward Forster’s philosophy of oral storytelling allows Blixen’s
short stories to fit neatly into the context of European modernism.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Karen Blixen

value: reception

value: Norse sagas

value: narrative strategy

value: intertextuality

value: Walter Benjamin

value: Edward Forster

value: aesthetics of symbolism

value: Friedrich Schiller “The Glove”


dc.contributor.author

value: Lukavská, Jana Segi

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lukavská J. S. Andersen’s beautifully clueless fairy tales. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 338–343.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reviews the recently reprinted Czech monograph Slavíci, mořské víly
a bolavé zuby: Pohádky H. Ch. Andersena: mezi romantismem a modernitou (Nightingales,
Mermaids and Toothaches: Andersen’s Fairy Tales between Romanticism and Modernity)
by Helena Březinová. By outlining the Czech context of research in the field of
children’s literature and analyzing Březinová’s book, the review shows the substantial
contribution of the publication for the Czech speaking audience. Březinová carefully
analyzes several examples of Andersen’s work to convincingly show its ambiguous,
disturbing potential, which was lost in the vast majority of Czech retellings and adaptations.
Consequently, Andersen’s work is commonly perceived as purely children’s
literature in the Czech context. Březinová questions this notion by thoroughly uncovering
Andersen’s subtle play with genre norms and readers’ expectations on multiple
text layers. Březinová’s book is intended not only for literary experts, but also for a
wide audience of readers with her eloquent and witty writing. Her primary focus is
a narratological analysis, however, she makes good use of translation studies, literary
history, linguistics, and philosophy as well. In her close readings, she shows Andersen’s
simple, yet highly sophisticated stories as rooted in romanticism but also anticipatory
of modernist themes such as the crisis of language and subject.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Helena Březinová

value: Hans Christian Andersen

value: Danish literature

value: fairy tales


dc.contributor.author

value: Chekalina, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chekalina E. M. Thomas Tranströmer’s poetic syntax and its Russian translation. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 372–393.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the syntactic structure of Tomas Tranströmer’s poems that
reflects the uniqueness of his poetic worldview and the depth of philosophical meaning. Chains of homogenous parts of the sentence, mostly with conjunctionless coordination,
are used to reflect the infinite diversity of the outer world as seen through the
poetic vision. In these conjunctionless coordinated chains of nominal parts of the sentence
— attributes and objects — commas are used for rythmical and expressive purposes,
stressing the semantic significance of every component, and facilitate preserving
the alliterative sounding of the poem. By contrast, when objects of the outer world are
depicted with a negative value as a chaotic mass, commas between the lexemes that
refer to them, are absent. Tranströmer’s poetic syntax is also characterized by a special
“density” of relative clauses introduced with the conjunction som, that often expand
on the main part in the form of a nominal sentence. They often have a complicated
syntactic structure with “cyclic” repetition of the prop-word. Another typical feature of
versification in Tranströmer’s works is the use of elaborate syntactic compounds which
include various constructions — extended predicative attributes, adverbial constructions
with the preposition med, as well as complex objects with an infinitive. A special
function in Tranströmer’s syntactic structure is assigned to colons and hyphens. The
use of colons makes it possible to express what is only accessible to the poet’s inner vision
— what is hidden in the past or the future, seen in a dream, and revealing itself in
the distant space. The use of hyphens inside sentences and between them expands the
limits of the outer world making its image multidimensional. Translating Tranströmer
involves the use of syntactic transformations caused by the typological differences between
Swedish and Russian. Lexical substitutions can also be found, including the use
of Russian words of a higher register, for example, the translation of the relative pronoun
som ‘which’ with the conjunction что meaning ‘which’ but in a higher register
and typical of an epic narrative, allows for the preservation of the rythmic structure of
the original.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Swedish poetry

value: free verse

value: syntactic structure

value: punctuation marks

value: Russian translation

value: syntactic transformation

value: lexical substitution

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gurova, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gurova E. Interrogatives as a means to express politeness in the danish language. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 225–245.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Despite the change in the Danish communication style caused by the transformation
of the social-political and cultural life of the Danish in the late 1960s, which made
a number of polite forms obsolete, the Danish language has various ways to express
polite requests. One of the most common strategies congruent with the principle of
politeness and efficiency is the use of conventional interrogative sentences with the
verbs gide, ville, kunne, verbs in the present tense and a construction er du sød at. The
article examines these interrogative sentences gleaned from dialogues in contemporary
Danish television series. The most polite of all the conventional requests are questions
with vil/ville, which can be used in a formal setting or in correspondence. They appeal
to the addressee’s willingness to perform an action, to a greater extent than questions
with kun/kunne, and they are meant to avoid encroaching upon the interlocutor’s freedom.
The construction er du sød at is classed among the formulas of a high degree of
politeness and often presupposes a significant status distance between the interlocutors.
Questions with gide are used when social and status distance between the interlocutors
is insignificant. Combinations of gide and vil with phasal verbs denoting the ending of
an action indicate that these constructions perform a prohibitive function. In the case
of questions in the present tense, the interlocutors, as a rule, are engaged in a common
activity and the effect of the proposed action is in the interest of both parties. A characteristic feature of the speech act of requests is the use of modal particles, first and
foremost, ikke and lige. The particle lige is a culture-specific lexical item which indicates
that the favour done by the listener is insignificant, but in spite of a lesser threat posed
by the speaker, his expressed will is imposed since it is the speaker who decides for the
listener how insignificant his request is. The particles godt and nok are used in insistent
requests, while combinations with bare imply a mutually satisfying way to solve the
problem at hand.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
With the support from the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research
(RFFR), grant No. 19-012-00146.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: the Danish language

value: politeness

value: interrogative questions

value: indirect requests

value: communication style


dc.contributor.author

value: Habrajska, Grażyna

value: Rychło, Mikołaj

value: Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz

dc.identifier.citation

value: Habrajska G., Rychło M., Witczak K. T. Collective nouns denoting trees in the Scandinavian languages. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 261–283.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article discusses the collective names of trees used in the Scandinavian languages,
as well as the formation process of similar collective names in Eastern and
Western Germanic. It should be emphasized that the Northern Germanic languages
used the suffix *-ijan for creating collective nouns which denote ‘a group of trees’, e. g.
ON. birki n. coll. ‘birch forest’, Icel. birki ‘birch forest; birch’, Norw. birki ‘birch forest’,
Swed. björke ‘birch forest, birch grove’ (< PG. *berkijan n. coll. ‘a group of birches, birch
forest, birch grove’  PG. *berkō f. ‘birch, Betula’). The same suffix denoting collectivity
and originating from the Proto-Indo-European language is also present as *-ьje
in most Slavic languages, cf. Ru. dial. берéзье n. coll. ‘birch forest, birch twigs’; OPol.
brzezie n. ‘birch grove or forest’; Cz. březí n. ‘small birch-grove’, also břízí n. ‘birch twigs,
birch-wood’; Slovak brezie n. ‘small birch-forest, birch-grove’; SC. bre ̑ z je n. coll. ‘birch
forest’, Sloven. brẹ̑ zje n. ‘id.’ (< PSl. *berzьje n. coll. ‘group of birches, birch forest, birchgrove’
 PSl. *bȅrza f. ‘birch, Betula’). Further possible traces of the same suffix can be
found in the Baltic languages (cf. OPrus. pannean n. ‘mossy fen’ vs. Go. fani n. ‘mud’,
OSax. feni n. ‘fen’) suggesting that the Proto-Indo-European collective suffix can be
reconstructed as *-ii̯ o m (n. coll.). It seems probable that some northern Indo-European
tribes used the derivative word *bhe r ̥h 2 ĝ i i̯ o m (n.) to denote ‘a group of birch trees’, especially
‘a birch grove’ or ‘a birch forest’.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: archaism

value: collectives

value: Danish

value: etymology

value: Germanic-Slavic relations

value: Indo-European languages

value: Norwegian

value: Old Norse

value: Proto-Germanic

value: Proto-Indo-European

value: Proto-Slavic

value: Scandinavian peoples

value: Swedish language

value: tree names

value: wordformation


dc.contributor.author

value: Mironenko, Olga V.

value: Selnitseva, Victoria V.

value: Soprun, Lidia A.

value: Shmushkevich, Elena N.

value: Alekseev, Andrey A.

value: Ivanov, Aial S.

value: Тоvanova, Anna A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mironenko O. V., Selnitseva V. V., Soprun L. A., Shmushkevich E. N., Alekseev A. A., Ivanov A. S., Тоvanova A. A. The issue of nosocomial infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae blaNDM-type. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 124–133.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents information about circulating isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital
megapolis with properties of hypervirulence and simultaneous multiresistance. The resulting
K. pneumonia isolates are of particular importance due to the emergence of resistance to almost
all β-lactams due to the presence of carbapenemase metal-β-lactamase. Furthermore, the isolated
strains producing carbapenemases possess mechanisms of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial
preparations, and the types of infectious process caused by carbapenemazo-producing
enterobacteries are characterized by a high lethality level. Microbiological, biochemical, biophysical,
molecular-genetic, biological, bioinformational and statistical methods of research were
used in the work. A prospective method was used to identify the source of the infections. In the
first stage, a microbiological study was carried out on biomaterials obtained from patients treated
in a hospital in Saint Petersburg. After a microbiological study, 52 isolates of K. pneumoniae
were obtained, 53.8 % of isolates had a hypermucoid phenotype and 98 % had carbapenemases:
blaNDM type — 49 (92 %), blaNDM+OXA-48-like — 3 (8 %). Isolates with two new phenotypes
have been isolated (no. 2511 and no. 2512). Isolates of no. 2512 LD50 had 10*2 BAC/ml, and
plasmids such as Incfib(Mar), Inchi1b, and Incr were also found, with Incr-A plasmid emitted
encoding resistance to fluoroquinolone: aac(6’)-Ib-cr and to β-lactam antibiotics: blaTEM-1B.
The described data confirm the opinions of the researchers about the possible formation of a new
“super pathogen” — instantaneously hypervirulent and plural resistant strain of K. pneumoniae.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: K. pneumonia blaNDM

value: nosocomial infection

value: epidemiological process

value: carbapenemaza

value: hypervirulence

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kiseleva, Marina V.

value: Kiselev, Anatoly V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kiseleva M. V., Kiselev A. V. Social and psychological aspects of environment-based health risk assessment. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 142– 152.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The authors are mainly focused on special features of using art-therapeutic techniques to
facilitate adaptation of several categories of the population to the information about environment-
based health risks. They consider the methodological issues of presenting the ideas
about health risks within the medical ecological content, of informing about those risks, since
the lack of attention to those issues leads to additional anxiety in the population, as well as
methods of correction of the latter through art-therapy methods developed by the authors.
A psychological support program is suggested, which consists of three stages: diagnostic, psychological
correction, psychological and social support. The first stage suggests psychological
diagnostics, which include methods that allow for psychological and emotional background
assessment. Based on the results of the diagnostics and social data, a complex assessment is
made about the main problems of a person and a decision is made about the participation in
psychological correction, which consists of individual and groups sessions. The second stage is
aimed at the correction of negative emotions and feelings, as well as reaching solutions that are
more complex. Art-therapy is suggested as the main psychosocial correction method, the use
of which can create safe art-therapeutic environment, where the main means of interaction
is a constructive dialogue, based on creating and examining an art product of a client, ‘clientart
product-psychologist’, where the client feels protected enough to express their feelings. At
the third stage, the clients continue to work with the psychologist as part of the psychological
social support, the essence of which is given in this article as well.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: quality of human life

value: health risk

value: population environment

value: art-therapy methods

value: anxiety

value: visual arts therapy

value: play therapy


dc.contributor.author

value: Lоpatin, Stanislav A.

value: Zakrevskii, Viktor V.

value: Yuvanen, Elena I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lopatin S. A., Zakrevskii V. V., Yuvanen E. I. Microbiological safety of marine products (seafood). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 134–141.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Recently more and more evidence appears, proving that seafood consumers should be referred
to risk group in which outbreaks of viral food poisoning and foodborne infectious diseases
occurs, transmitted by food route. There are several reasons to refer seafood to a category of
epidemiologically non-safe products: high microbial pollution of adjacent seas with sewage
waters; many non-fish hydrocoles are natural filter feeding animals, which are infected by viruses
in the process of vital activity, passing through their organism water and food particles;
sufficient viruses stability in external environment, enabling them to remain intact outside of
host organism during of prolong time interval. Total rate of viral material detection in seafood
samples may reach ~ 10 %. The authors by means of expertise determined virological effect of
thermal seafood treatment used in housekeeping conditions and at public catering establishments
for preparing mostly widespread dishes. In this paper a conclusion is made, that the
use of seafood for preparing dishes, which technology does not consider sufficiently efficient
in respect to viruses thermal treatment, shall include preliminary virologic survey of stuff for
excluding viral pathogens and for provision safety of the corresponding food products.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: seafood

value: enteroviruses

value: norwalk-like viruses

value: hepatitis A viruses


dc.contributor.author

value: Koryshev, Mikhail

value: Ivanova, Ekaterina

value: Petersen, Katja

value: Schmidt, Katja

dc.identifier.citation

value: Koryshev M., Ivanova E., Petersen K., Schmidt K. From a dialogue of cultures to a dialogue of ideas: The Swedish theosophist Emanuel Swedenborg in the perception of the German psychiatrist Karl Leonhard in the context of the current discussion. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 394–408.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article completes a series of works on the reception of Scandinavian and Dutch
cultural heritage in the works of the outstanding German psychiatrist and psychologist
Karl Leonhard (1904–1988). His assessments already deserve attention because the
portraits of remarkable artists, writers, and thinkers presented in his works, thanks to
the research and undoubted literary talent of their author, on the one hand, go beyond
the usual pathographies in terms of depth of analysis and mastery of presentation. On the other hand, the portraits serve as artifacts of an era in the history of medicine,
when on the foundation of a cultural dialogue between Russia and Germany a unique
dialogue of the German and Russian psychiatric thought developed — something that
the historical vicissitudes of the twentieth century could not prevent. The authors of
the article make an attempt to bring together the approaches available to the history
of culture to study the perception of the personality and work of Emanuel Swedenborg
(1688–1772) as reflected in Leonhard’s last book. Leonhard’s assessments not only capture
a certain period in the reception history of the Swedish thinker and naturalist in
German culture — they are a monument to the peculiar naturalistic culture of German
nosological psychiatry, inscribed in the history of medical thought. Clinical experience
leads the German psychiatrist to conclude that Swedenborg’s diagnosis of schizophrenia
in its traditional Kraepelinian sense, which the Russian school of psychiatry is inclined
to follow, is wrong, but the German psychiatrist himself comes to the conclusion
that Swedenborg has an amalgam type of psychosis — phonemic confabulation paraphrenia.
Following Leonhard, the authors of the article examine Swedenborg’s works,
the testimonies of his contemporaries about him and his family as well as reproduce the
picture of symptoms of mental illness taking into account the latest historical, cultural
and medical-psychological works about the Swedish mystic. In their critical analysis,
the authors emphasize the relevance of the classification of Leonhard’s endogenous
psychoses, drawing the reader’s attention to the evidence about Swedenborg’s emotional-
volitional and cognitive sphere within the historical and cultural context of 18th
century Sweden. In conclusion, the authors announce the publication of the full text of
Leonhard’s essay translated into Russian with historical, cultural and medical-psychological
commentary.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Swedenborg

value: Karl Leonhard

value: pathography

value: theosophy

value: endogenous psychosis

value: phonemic confabulation paraphrenia

value: Russian and German schools of psychiatry

value: nosological and syndromological approach

value: philosophical anthropology

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ulianitckaia, Liubov

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ulianitckaia L. A brief overview of Marollien dialect features. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 297–309.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides an overview of the lexical and grammatical features as well
as the sociopolitical environment of Marollien that originated in the 18th century
as a dialect on the territory of Brussels. Marollien is essentially the Dutch language
in its Brabantian dialect, strongly influenced by French. There are literary works,
performances, and musicals written and staged in Marollien, as well as dictionaries
and journals published in it. Historically, the Marollien dialect is a sociolect: it was
generally used by Belgians coming to Brussels from Wallonia in search of a job and
settling in one of the districts of Brussels — Marolles. A special emphasis is placed on
lexical features of the dialect: gastronomic and everyday vocabulary are looked at and
the examples of French loanwords and Southern Dutch language norm deviations are
provided. Standard Dutch calques in French, when translating idioms in particular,
are also identified. The differences between Dutch, French, and Marollien place names
are illustrated. In the field of morphology and word formation, there is a regular
mixture of Germanic and Romanic stems which is indicated. Examples of Marollien
phonetic features are also provided. The article acknowledges frequent code switching
in Marollien speech, which by and large resembles the phenomenon of linguistic
interference. Due to the fact that Marollien is rapidly disappearing, the Brussels-Capital
region is trying to support the dialect: various activities are being organized in order to
propagate its use and enhance its prestige. Nevertheless, Marollien is not included in
the well-known citizen initiative “Marnix Plan”, aimed at developing the methodology
for the sequential study of several languages for all segments of the population in
Brussels. This initiative is also discussed in the article.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: the Marollien dialect

value: Brabantian dialects

value: the City of Brussels

value: Belgium

value: Flanders

value: Dutch


dc.contributor.author

value: Shishkina, Anna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shishkina A. Metonymy in headlines of the modern Danish press (the political discourse). Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 310–322.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the phenomenon of metonymy in the headlines of the modern
Danish press in the context of political discourse. Metonymy is an indispensable figure
of speech of any language. The language of the press and, in particular, the headlines
of articles are characterized by expressiveness and brevity. The characteristic features of
metonymic transfers are figurativeness, appreciation and the ability to preserve language
resources because the descriptive constructions can be replaced by a single word. It is
not surprising, therefore, that metonymy is often used in the headline complex of a news
article. The aim of our study is to consider metonymy in Danish headlines in terms of
frequency and typology. The research material is the headlines in electronic versions of
three Danish newspapers: Politiken, Dagbladet Information and Jyllands Posten. The time
interval is limited by the 2015 Folketing election campaign. This choice is dictated by the
fact that, in the case of an election campaign, we have clear dates set by the government
and the election period is particularly interesting in terms of political discourse. As a
result, we can say that metonymy is found in more than half of the headlines studied. In
other words, metonymy is relatively frequently used by journalists in the headlines. The
examples reviewed have shown that the reason for this is often to attract the attention of
the reader and assess events or politicians. Among the types of metonymy, spatial and
causal metonymy is the most widely used. Most often we see the metonymic transfer of
the type “political party  politicians” or “politician  his/her activities”. Among the
cases of attributive metonymy, we found interesting examples with political blocks, which
are typical for the Danish political system (for example, red block and blue block), where
the colour indicates the political views of these blocks.

dc.language.iso

value: other

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 18; Issue 2

value: Danish

value: metonymy

value: metonymic transfers

value: headlines

value: the political discourse


dc.contributor.author

value: Korpal, Paweł

value: Sobkowiak, Mikołaj

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korpal P., Sobkowiak M. The perception of native vs. non-native Danish speech: Bent and Bradlow’s matched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit revisited. Scandinavian Philology, 2020, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 284–296.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The main objective of the study was to test the applicability of Bent and Bradlow’s
matched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit to the Danish-Polish language pair.
We aimed to verify whether it was easier for Polish students of Danish to understand
a Danish native speaker or a Polish speaker with a proficient command of Danish.
Sixteen Polish students, divided into two groups of eight, listened to two recordings of
two Danish texts: one recorded by a native speaker of Danish and the other one — by
a native speaker of Polish who is a graduate of Danish philology from a Polish university.
Before the experiment, all of the recordings were evaluated in terms of traces of
foreign accent using a 7-point Likert scale, the experts being native speakers of Danish.
The evaluators assessed the Polish native speaker’s pronunciation as proficient, but they
identified certain segmental and suprasegmental features in his speech that are common
indicators of a foreign accent in Danish. During the experiment, participants were
asked to fill in each recording transcript with twenty missing words. The analysis of the
results revealed that the participants scored higher when listening to the text recorded
by the Polish speaker. Hence, the matched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit
was observed in a study using Polish as L1 (native language) and Danish as a foreign
language. The study may provide a valuable insight into the question of non-native
speech perception, foreign-accented speech and the veracity of the matched interlanguage
speech intelligibility benefit for the Polish–Danish language pair.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Danish speech

value: native and foreign-accented speech

dc.type

value: Article