dc.contributor.author

value: Kotomina, Olga V.

value: Shirokshina, Polina N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotomina O. V., Shirokshina P. N. 2019. Specific features of retaining generation Y creative employees: Results of a pilot study. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (1): 115–134.

dc.description.abstract

value: The search for and training of employees suitable for the company’s strategic goals and values is a lengthy and costly process. Therefore, organizations are ready to make efforts to retain the most valuable employees, on whom the company’s profit largely depends. The retention of creative specialists increases the capacity of an organization, and creation of working conditions that stimulate creativity and activate thinking, provides generation of new ideas that can become the basis of company’s competitiveness. This pаper presents an analysis of specific features of the staff retention process in creative industries in the context of the theory of generations. The investigation formulated the hypothesis that the retention factors in creative industries are different from those in a non-creative sector. The study is based on the empirical sample derived from the results of 7 interviews with managers of creative industries and a survey of 53 creative workers of generation Y. As a result of a comparative analysis of major international research, and also interviews with managers of creative industries, a number of factors were identified that affect the retention of employees from the creative class of generation Y. The use of the t-criterion for comparing independent samples (creative workers and sales workers) partially confirmed the hypothesis. The study also revealed that managers’ views about the factors of retaining creative employees differ from those of creative workers themselves.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 8. Management;Volume 18; Issue 1

value: staff

value: personnel retention

value: the theory of generations

value: millennials

value: creative workers

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Efimov, A. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Efimov A. A. ‘A “Semi-Dry” Law: The Peculiarities of Regulation of Alcohol Merchandise in the Palace Towns Tsarskoe Selo, Gatchina and Peterhof During the First World War’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 96–109.

dc.description.abstract

value: While many scholars have addressed the issue of organizing the sale of alcohol during World War I, there are still “historical lacunae,” one of which is connected with the policy towards the distribution of hard liquor in Tsarskoe Selo, Peterhof, and Gatchina, towns that had the special status being under the supervision of the Ministry of the Imperial Court, rather than the general administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Using archival sources from the Russian State Historical Archive, the author examines the policy of local Palace administrations, the Court Department, and authorities on the whole in this sphere in 1914–1917. Due to the uncertainty of the duration of limits on sales of spirits, local officials had to be careful and accurate in their work, getting approval for every decision from officials at the Excise Department of the Treasury. Since indulgence in the sale of spirits, introduced in the beginning of 1915, led to massive arrival of buyers from Petrograd and other regions, by the end of that year free trade in spirits in the palace towns was eventually abolished. However, in the case of the abolition of restrictions in 1915–1917, a list of outlets with the right to trade in alcohol was approved annually; and several organizations in each of the settlements were able to gain the right to sell alcoholic beverages on the basis of a special circular from the Minister of Finance regarding technical, educational, scientific and medical purposes.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: World War I

value: Peterhof

value: Gatchina

value: Tsarskoe Selo

value: Ministry of the Imperial Court

value: alcohol merchandise limitations

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Sun Yizhi

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sun Yizhi. ‘Russian Emigré and Soviet Intelligence in Shanghai. 1945–1949’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 156–172.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article investigates the history of Russian émigrés and Soviet intelligence personnel in Shanghai in 1945–1949. Using historical documents recently discovered in the Shanghai Municipal Archives (S. M. A.), the author analyzes the activities of Soviet and Shanghai intelligence and counterintelligence officers connected with Russian emigres. The early postwar period witnessed extensive growth in the activities of Soviet intelligence personnel in three directions: information gathering from the officer corps of the US Army by Soviet female spies; agitation and involving Russian emigrants in activities serving the needs of Soviets and imposing control on Russian’s organizations in Shanghai; and attempts to take control over he religious life of Russian emigres. In the early postwar period, the Chinese Government treated Russian emigres negatively because of the massive support they had given to the Japanese government during the war. However, they changed their position because of the growth of Soviet influence in Shanghai. A turning point was the Soviet government’s appeal to them to return to the motherland in an address to Soviet citizens in China from June 30, June 1947. The Shanghai authorities, headed by the Mayor of Shanghai Wu Guozheng, and Chiefs of Police Xuan Tiewu and Yu Shuping, took active counterintelligence measures against the growth of Soviet influence, which resulted in a considerable loss to Soviet agitation.

dc.subject

value: Soviet intelligence

value: White émigré

value: Shanghai

value: Kuomintang

value: Republic of China

value: Sino-Russian relations


dc.contributor.author

value: Obertreis, J.

value: Malinova-Tziafeta, O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Obertreis J., Malinova-Tziafeta O. ‘Urban History and Water Infrastructures in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 173–201.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article investigates urban water infrastructures in the Russian Empire and USSR during the “Long 20th Century” and focuses on prospects for further development in infrastructural and environmental history within the framework of this subject. Infrastructural history has been particularly notable in German historiography of Western and Central Europe, and its theoretical solutions appear useful for research into Russian/Soviet city infrastructure. First, we suggest a shift in perspective from technological history to those aspects of environmental and urban history most closely concerned with politics and civil society—especially urban society, with its collaborations and collisions between various social groups, such as city and state officials, activists, and specialists in different areas. Differences between capitalist and socialist urbanization are also worthy of more study. Finally, we discuss the importance of modernism and modernisation discourses, as well as issues related to the production of space. The combination of various research perspectives of urban history, the history of the environment, and infrastructure of the past makes it possible to productively explore city water infrastructure. At the same time, the analysis should pay attention not only to correlation with political history, periodization, and which points of view to challenge via new approaches, but also incorporating a new social history, the history of society.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: water infrastructures

value: Russian Empire

value: USSR

value: infrastructural history

value: ecological history

value: urban history

value: urban society

value: capitalist urbanization

value: socialist urbanization

value: production of space

value: modernization

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sobolev, G. L.

value: Khodjakov, M. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sobolev G. L., Khodjakov M. V. ‘The Publication of New Documents as an Important Factor in the Further Study of the Defense and Blockade of Leningrad’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 8–34.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article shows how the publication of previously unknown documents related to the battle for Leningrad in 1941–1944 helps us raise new questions and expands opportunities for the objective study of a complex subject. Documentary publications reveal activities of state authorities and administrators in a new light and uncover contradictory relationships between the highest party and military leadership of the country and leaders of Leningrad. This introduction of previously secret archival materials makes it possible to debunk stable myths associated with life in this blocked city. The publication of Plan “D,” which proposed mining Leningrad in the fall of 1941 in the case of a forced departure of soldiers, shows that this decision was made in Moscow, and accusations of cowardice and alarmism against Leningrad’s leaders at this time were unfounded. The publication of another valuable source, A. A. Zhdanov's Visitors Log, makes it possible to answer the question of who was Leningrad’s real leader, A. A. Zhdanov or A. A. Kuznetsov. Because the most important problem for Leningrad was providing food to citizens, the identification in the archives of relevant sources is of paramount importance: for example, activities of the Food Commission of the Military Council of the Leningrad Front.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by “Russian Foundation for Basic Research”, project no. 17-01-00346 “The Siege: Decrees of the Leningrad All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Governing Bodies. 1941–1944”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: siege

value: Leningrad

value: new documents

value: archival materials

value: food supply

value: I. V. Stalin

value: A. A. Zhdanov

value: A. A. Kuznetsov


dc.contributor.author

value: Rynkov, V. M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rynkov V. M. ‘Road to Nowhere: Social policy of the Committee of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly (June — November 1918)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 110–132.

dc.description.abstract

value: Social policy was one of the most important components of politics in Komuch, most fully reflecting the specifics of a “third way” in the Civil War. Historiographical analysis shows that, until now, scholarly attention has focused on its individual aspects, and a holistic view has not yet been created. The article reveals specifics of interactions between the authorities and society in Komuch. Inclusion of many heterogeneous associations in the decision-making process led to the formation of a polycentric model for developing social policy, which was implemented as a result of the interaction of different political forces. The main facets of Komuch social policy included regulating property relations, social and labor spheres, assistance to refugees, support for military personnel and their families, social transfers, and education policy. Except for the first two, these policies remained in their infancy. Along with beginning to return property, the Volga government continued seizures, and transferred most of what was nationalized to local governments. Numerous prescriptions in the field of workers' legislation focused on establishing a social compromise, to the achievement of which there were no material and political prerequisites. Komuch sought to minimize social spending, to free up the state apparatus by shifting social obligations to local governments, entrepreneurs, and public organizations. Assistance to socially disadvantaged groups was episodic, mainly at the last stage of the existence of the Komuch authorities and aimed mainly at helping state officials. Regulatory prescriptions were not consistent with declarations and did not correspond to main main groups’ ideas about social justice and could not be realized in the current social situation. Local governments, the army, powerful public corporations, such as trade unions, business organizations, neighborhood councils and others, ignored the prescriptions of the authorities and acted on their own interests.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by “Russian Foundation for Basic Research”, project no. 18-09-00580 “The Social Policy of Anti-Bolshevik Governments in Eastern Russia: Ideology, Legislation, Practice (1918–1922)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Komuch

value: social policy

value: civil war

value: political regime

value: legislation

value: Povolzhye

value: Urals


dc.contributor.author

value: Lomagin, N. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lomagin N. A. ‘″To Comrade Stalin, People’s Commissar of Defense″: Reports by K. Voroshilov, Commander-in-Chief of Leningrad Front’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 35– 55.

dc.description.abstract

value: This essay examines activity by the Commander-in-Chief of the Leningrad Front, Marshal Voroshilov, during the Battle of Leningrad, up to his dismissal in mid-September 1941. Based on daily military reports to Stalin, the article reveals the main challenges faced by the Soviet Northwestern Command, and then by the Military Council for the Defense of Leningrad. These challenges were fourfold: the German forces had significant superiority over their Soviet counterparts in organization and management; they enjoyed a large advantage in aviation, artillery, and machine guns; Voroshilov was taken by full surprise by the rapid collapse of the defense of the Karelian peninsula; and the rapid advance by Finnish troops towards Leningrad threatened the encirclement and loss of the city. Contrary to widespread belief that Voroshilov was replaced by Army General Zhukov for incompetence that was becoming more evident each day, the article proves the opposite. From mid-July on, Voroshilov and Leningrad Front’s Command met the bulk of these challenges more or less effectively, taking into account limited resources. Because the High Command was not able to provide Leningrad with substantial material help, the key strategy by Voroshilov and the Military Council as the whole was to mobilize domestic resources, both human and material. Organizing many thousands of militia troops and fortification near Luga, and strengthening discipline in the army, delayed the German approach to the city. However, he overestimated the Finnish threat and substantially weakened his 42nd Army in the South.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Great Patriotic War

value: Battle for Leningrad

value: Leningrad Front

value: Marshal Voroshilov

value: Stalin

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Borisov, A. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Borisov A. A. ‘The Historical Experience of Nation-Building in Yakutia (1922 to the late 1930s)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 214–232.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article provides one of the first studies of nation-building in Yakutia from 1922 to the end of the 1930s. The largest ethnic community in this region became the subject of a global process of activating national movements at the site of disintegrated multinational empires of Europe and Asia under the influence of the First World War and subsequent revolutions. This political and cultural project involved both the central authorities of the RSFSR and the USSR, as well as the leadership of the Yakut ASSR, established in 1922. The existing preconditions for the formation of a Yakut nation (commonality of historical destiny, unity of language, existence of a national intelligentsia, etc.) and the political struggle between supporters of centralization and federalism forced the creation of necessary national attributes (autonomy, written national literature, national modernized culture and economy). There were some clear successes achieved by national policies, taking into account local peculiarities (e.g. temporary reconciliation and cooperation with non-partisan intelligentsia, tolerance for believers, most of whom were Yakuts, and creation of mass written language). At the same time, they were hindered by haste in modernizing and raising the cultural level of the Yakut population (spasmodic economic transformation, political ambitions by part of the Yakut intelligentsia not supported by objective conditions, thus encouraging indigenization) Yakutia’s nation-building had two phases: phase 1 (1922 to the end of the 1920s), and phase 2 (late 1920s to the end of the 1930s), which corresponded to stages of prevalence of the national trend and the transition to non-national politics . Among the main results and lessons of nation-building were: truncated autonomy, but the experience of national government (successful experience of internal regionalization and defining the boundaries of the YASSR), defeat of the old national intelligentsia, creation of mass national writing, repression of religion and traditional beliefs, and raising the general cultural level).

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by “Russian Science Foundation”, project no. 15-18-00119 “Historical Experience in Governance of Ethnic Diversity and Ethno-Confessional Conflicts in Imperial, Soviet, Post-Soviet Russia: an Interdisciplinary Study”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: nation-building

value: Yakuts

value: ethno-confessional politics

value: nationalism

value: autonomy

value: USSR

value: Yakut ASSR


dc.contributor.author

value: Popova, A. D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popova A. D. ‘Legends of the “Black Cat” Gang as a Reflection on the Phenomenon of Criminal Myths in Russian Public Consciousness’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 233– 251.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article discusses criminal myths in the Russian public consciousness as an element of social mythology that arises and evolves in the process of society’s historical development and reflects social reality and changes. Using Soviet propaganda literature, archival materials, Soviet films, and memoirs of Soviet citizens and law enforcement officials, the author showes how the evolution of these myths reflected the course of Russian history. Much attention is paid to the appearance in the post-war years of the legend of the dangerous "Black Cat" gang in Russian mass art books and films. Using archival materials and memoirs of Soviet citizens and analyzing causes of this criminal myth, the author showed the symbolic side of this myth and the degree of its reliability. The image of the "Black Cat" gang can be interpreted in two ways in addition to being a symbol of criminal activity: as the personification of evil, self-interest, and cruelty; and as the Soviet police, who made great efforts and showed great personal courage to catch the gang. Images of employees of the criminal investigation department in relevant films—David Gotsman, Volodya Sharapova, and Gleb Zheglov—became models for imitation and admiration. This can be called a well-deserved tribute to the police officers who, under the most difficult conditions, were able to restore order in the country and ensure a quiet life for the Soviet people.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by “Russian Foundation for Basic Research”, no. 18-09-00130\18 “Evolution of values and ideas of civil society in the mental attitudes of the Russian public consciousness project”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: public consciousness

value: social myths

value: legends

value: crime

value: criminal investigation

value: banditism

value: mass art


dc.contributor.author

value: Babaev, Michail M.

value: Pudovochkin, Yuri E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Babaev, Michail M., Pudovochkin, Yuri E. 2019. “The phenomenon of risk in the context of preventive policies (criminal riskology)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 136–148.

dc.description.abstract

value: The technologies of cognition and assessment of risk are incorporated into numerous sciences. Nevertheless, the riskological discourse is still underdeveloped within criminology. The article states the necessity of criminologic riskology formation. The basis of such theory should be the notion of criminal risk as of objective reality, a special characteristic and state of social events and processes, the development of which can lead to crime commitment. Before its execution, any criminogenic factor passes the stage of emergence, when the crime threat is the only potential. This particular potential threat is a risk factor that significantly differs from the traditional criminogenic factor in terms of its criminogenic capacity. The application of riskological analysis should facilitate the segregation of criminal risks' factors as factors of prior, potential threat, to recognize them as the subject of criminological study, and to develop adequate measures to manage such risks. These factors cannot be affected by conventional means of criminological prevention - they require a subtle mechanism, which is based on the usage of the riskology's technologies. Specific research methods, which riskology possesses, provide the ability of risks' identification, structuring and mathematical evaluation of their intensity and development prospects; thereby creating the basis for risk management and solving the specific preventional agendas. The solution of challenges of detection and assessment of criminal risks' factors should be performed within criminologic riskology, which in conjunction with the theory of prior crime prevention and criminal anthropology can constitute such criminological science's section as microcriminology.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 1

value: riskological analysis

value: criminologic riskology

value: factors of criminologic risk

value: early crime prevention

value: private criminological theory

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sopov, Mikhail S.

value: Starodubtsev, Alexey S.

value: Miroshnik, Kirill G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sopov M. S., Starodubtsev A. S., Miroshnik K. G. The effect of the target’s subjective complexity on the picture-word interference. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 92–106.

dc.description.abstract

value: Picture-word interference (PWI) paradigm is widely used in cognitive science for studying selective attention and speech production. This experimental paradigm is a modification of the classical Stroop task. In PWI task participants perform speeded naming of pictures (targets) while ignoring superimposed word distractors. Pictures are usually named more quickly when the distractor is a word than a control stimulus - the interference effect is observed. The effect size depends on many factors including the target’s subjective complexity. Leading theories of Stroop interference give mutually exclusive predictions concerning the influence of this factor on the magnitude of interference. According to the theories of competition, which consider the interference effect as a consequence of automatic processes, the complication of target images should lead to an increase in interference. The opposite prediction follows from the framework of control theories, which consider Stroop interference as a consequence of voluntary attention processes. The aim of this study is to identify the orientation of the target’s subjective complexity effect on picture-word interference. The subjective complexity of the target images was varied in two ways: (1) by using unfamiliar targets and (2) by targets fragmentation. In both experiments, the identical results were obtained. Increase in the target’s subjective complexity, no matter how it was varied, led to the decrease of picture-word interference. The obtained results provide evidence for the control theories, which include the conceptions of D. Kahneman and V. M. Allakhverdov.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project N 18-013-01212.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Stroop interference

value: Stroop task

value: picture-word interference task

value: target’s subjective complexity

value: target familiarity

value: target fragmentation


dc.contributor.author

value: Karpinski, Konstantin V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karpinski K. V. Meaning-in-life state as an indicator of the personality agentive development. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 7–20.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical research of meaning-in-life states as psychological indicators of the achieved by a person level of agency. The idea of the existence of a special class of personal development tasks, determining the formation of the agent of individual life, is substantiated. This class includes meaning-seeking, meaning-saving and meaning-realization tasks, which assume self-determination, self-preservation and self-realization of the individual as a subject of life accordingly. Theoretically and empirically grounded typology of the meaning-in-life states, which differentiate stagnation, crisis, conflict and well-being state, is proposed. Based on the study of the population sample it is proved that people, experiencing different types of meaning in life state, are characterized by different levels of development of agentive traits and abilities. Stagnation state corresponds to the non-agentivity - the underdevelopment of the agent of life when the specific tasks of development are not even accepted by the individual. Crisis state corresponds with either primary non-agentivity or secondary loss of agentivity - with the breakdown in personality development caused by the lack of solution of life meaning tasks. Well-being state corresponds to the situation of developed and fully functioning agentivity when the meaning of life tasks are accepted and successfully solved by the personality. Conflict state correlates with limited agentivity, in which successfully solving the tasks of search and preservation of meaning, individual faces the inability to implement this meaning.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: personality

value: agent of life

value: meaning-in-life tasks

value: meaningfulness

value: the meaning of life crisis

value: meaning-in-life state


dc.contributor.author

value: Shishmareva, Tatiana P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shishmareva, Tatiana P. 2019. “Legal entities in the state of creation and termination as insolvency subjects under German and Russian law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 110–123.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article analyzes the problems of giving competition ability to the preliminary legal entities, to the property of the legal entities in the state of their liquidation, as well as problems of the isolated property of insolvent legal entities. Comparative method was used to study a group of insolvency subjects in the state of creation and termination of legal entities. German legal doctrine and precedents were examined to define competition ability of the debtor as a prerequisite for the enactment of insolvency proceedings and to discern legal nature of legal entities in the state of their creation, types and legal nature of preliminary legal entities as subjects of civil and trade law, and isolated property of insolvent legal entities during their liquidation and insolvency. Conclusions were reached about the liability of insolvent legal entities, preliminary legal entities and legal entities in the state of liquidation. Conclusions were also made on the subject of competitive ability of preliminary legal entities and isolated property during the insolvency proceedings. Russian legislation was analyzed on the topic of the creation of legal entities, stages of their creation and the legal nature of the founder’s agreement. Conclusions were made on the topic of liability of the legal entity in the state of its creation and the possibility of using a legal construct of liability by means of including the general partnership in the list of subjects that can be considered insolvent in order to protect creditor’s rights during creation, termination and insolvency of legal entities.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: insolvency

value: bankruptcy

value: legal entity

value: preliminary legal entity

value: a legal entity in the state of liquidation

value: insolvent legal entity

value: general partnership

value: commercial association

value: competition ability

value: insolvency procedures

dc.title

value: Article

filename: document (1).pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Eritsyan, Ksenia Yu.

value: Antonova, Natalya A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Eritsyan K. Yu., Antonova N. A. Social and psychological factors of blood donors’ recruitment and retention: review of reviews. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 32–44.

dc.description.abstract

value: A large amount of empirical material has been accumulated with respect to the attitudes to and determination of such type of prosocial behavior as a donation of blood as well as effective interventions to attract and retain donors. The aim of our work was to systematize and synthesize the data obtained in empirical studies and to build a single model that takes into account both factors of different levels and heterogeneity of the donation itself as a socio-psychological phenomenon. The research method was a review of seven systematic reviews and meta-analysis of empirical studies of blood donation (review of reviews) performed over the past ten years. The main result: a multi-level model of factors for attracting and retaining of blood donors is proposed. Attitudes and behavior in the field of donation are formed at several levels: at the individual-personal level, at the level of the nearest social environment and the external environment, including characteristics of the blood donation system. Interventions - targeted interventions aimed at stimulating blood donation, acting through these “natural” factors or directly and contribute to the advancement of donors along the so-called stages of donor careers - from first-time and novice to regular donation. Despite a significant number of published studies, a more thorough analysis shows that not all the phenomena found in the self-reports of blood donors and its components have been tested in studies with a design that suggests the presence of correlation or causal relationships. Most of the studies reviewed were conducted in western countries. Evaluation of the applicability and effectiveness of the interventions within Russian socio-cultural conditions is a separate important research task.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by Russian Foundation for Humanities, project 18-013-01131.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: prosocial behavior

value: altruism

value: blood donation

value: intervention

value: systematic review

value: meta-analysis

value: review of reviews


dc.contributor.author

value: Emelianova, Olga

value: Panyutina, Aleksandra

value: Morozova, Ksenia

value: Davidov, Yakov

value: Kovalenko, Maria

value: Kalacheva, Daria

value: Shvyrkova, Anastasia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Emelianova, O., Panyutina, A., Morozova, K., Davidov, Y., Kovalenko, M., Kalacheva, D., and Shvyrkova, A. 2019. Subsidiary adaptations: climbing techniques in vespertilionid bats. Bio. Comm. 64(1): 20–30.

dc.description.abstract

value: The quadrupedal locomotion of bats still remains almost unexplored. Meanwhile, in the life of many species, this type of movement plays an important role. This paper presents the study of characteristics of quadrupedal locomotion on vertical surfaces in bats. We provide the results of the analysis of climbing of five vespertilionid species. The study is based on high-speed video recording of locomotion in two planes in an experimental enclosure on various substrates (the bark of five tree species and the inner surface of the manufactured nest box for bats). For comparison, we used data on horizontal locomotion obtained using the same experimental facilities, as well as all available literature data to date. The time, metric and velocity characteristics of the movement of different species representatives are determined. We show how these characteristics are interrelated and how they differ in walking or climbing. The study comparing walking vs. climbing was performed for the second time ever. It is shown that while climbing, bats retain the same limb sequence, but the gait is not a slow trot-like walk but a very slow walk. There are considerably fewer deviations from the usual symmetrical sequence gait (wherein a forelimb movement is followed by that of the contralateral hind limb) when climbing than when walking, and they are all associated with the search for support. Our results show that not all tree-dwelling species of vesper bats can move up the trees which they use to roost. The surface of the inner walls of artificial shelters for bats may be a significant factor in their occupancy. While designing such shelters, it is advisable to consider the results of our experiments or conduct tests on the behavior of particular species on specific artificial surfaces.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The data processing was fulfilled with the support of RFBR (17-04-00954 А).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 1

value: climbing

value: terrestrial locomotion of bats

value: quadrupedal locomotion

value: gait analysis

value: metric walking characteristics


dc.contributor.author

value: Starunov, Viktor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Starunov, V. 2019. Musculature and innervation of the pygidium in Eunicida (Annelida: Errantia). Bio. Comm. 64(1): 31–40.

dc.description.abstract

value: The pygidium is a terminal part of the annelid body that is considered non-homologous to body segments. Despite the high level of morphological diversity, the internal morphology of the pygidial region is very poorly studied. Recent research revealed that in some errant annelids the pygidium possesses complex musculature and innervation. To provide new data for the comparative analysis of pygidial organization, the musculature and innervation in the pygidial region in five annelid species belonging to the order Eunicida were studied using phalloidin labeling, immunohistochemistry and confocal scanning microscopy. In all studied species the pygidial musculature consists of a circular or horseshoe-shaped muscle. The pygidial innervation comprises two pairs of main longitudinal nerves and paired circumpigidial nerves. The single pair of longitudinal nerves in Ophryotrocha irinae may be regarded as a secondary loss. In Schistomeringos japonica a small terminal commissure between longitudinal nerves was found. The finding of numerous receptor cell endings in the surface of the pygidium suggests its important sensory function. Comparison with Phyllodocida demonstrates the high level of similarities in the pygidial organization and the loss of the terminal commissure in Eunicida.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the research grant RFBR 16-34-60134 mol_a_dk and by Zoological Institute project АААА-А19-119020690076-7.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Annelida

value: Eunicida

value: nervous system

value: musculature

value: confocal microscopy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zaynagutdinova, Elmira

value: Mikhailov, Yuriy

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zaynagutdinova, E. and Mikhailov, Yu. 2019. Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) synchronizes the beginning of incubation with a protecting species. Bio. Comm. 64(1): 11–19.

dc.description.abstract

value: Great crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus) are opportunistic breeders nesting in colonies or solitarily in different biotopes with varying nesting dates in different circumstances. On the northern coast of the Neva Bay in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, great crested grebes breed solitarily, in colonies situated in reed beds and in a colony on the open water in direct vicinity of a colony of black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) and black terns (Chlidonias niger). In the vicinity of the larid colony, grebes profit from the protecting behaviour of gulls and terns in a similar way as they do in their mixed colonies with larids. Despite the fact that small larids have a shorter incubation period than great crested grebes, the latter synchronize their beginning of incubation with the gulls and terns. The incubation of all three species in two adjoining open-water colonies started on the same dates. The incubation of grebes nesting in the reed beds began significantly later. The average clutch sizes did not differ significantly between the colonies situated on the open water near larids and those in the reeds. The average lowest distances between the nests of great crested grebes in the open water colony were larger than in the reed bed colonies. The ability to synchronize the beginning of incubation with a small protecting species helps great crested grebes to occupy otherwise unsafe habitats.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: waterfowl

value: protective nesting associations

value: reed

value: clutch size

value: distance between nests

value: nesting dates

value: black-headed gull

value: black tern


title: The School of Inge

dc.contributor.author

value: Mironova, Lyudmila

value: Karpova, Tatiana

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mironova, L. and Karpova, T. 2019. The School of Inge. Bio. Comm. 64(1): 3–10.

dc.description.abstract

value: These notes were written in relation to 80th anniversary of professor Sergey Inge-Vechtomov, who about 50 years is the head of laboratory of physiological genetics. Authors describe the amazing atmosphere of the scientific creativity that was cultivated by Sergey in his lab from the very beginning of its existence, recall the many people who worked there in the 60s and 70s, remember funny situations from the history of the laboratory. Sergey G. Inge-Vechtomov instilled in his students high standards of scientific research. Being a mentor is a special talent. Very few had such a strong impact on the lives and characters of his students like Sergey G. Inge-Vechtomov. Very few can be called a true Teacher.

dc.subject

value: Inge-Vechtomov

value: Jubilee

value: Science memoirs

dc.title

value: The School of Inge


dc.contributor.author

value: Khalaman, Vyacheslav

value: Chalisova, Natalia

value: Krasnov, Konstantin

value: Alexandrova, Marina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khalaman, V., Chalisova, N., Krasnov, K., and Alexandrova, M. 2019. Cytostatic activity in the hydrophilic fraction of the crude extract from the White Sea sponge Halichondria panicea. Bio. Comm. 64(1): 41–45.

dc.description.abstract

value: Halichondria panicea, commonly known as the breadcrumb sponge, is an ecologically aggressive and widespread species in the coastal waters of North Atlantic and North Pacific. Cytostatic activity of the water-soluble extract fraction from the White Sea sponge Halichondria panicea was tested using organotypic cultures of rat liver fragments. The study shows a pronounced negative dose-dependent effect of the extract on the development of tissue explants of the test animals. Our results confirm toxicity of the White Sea Halichondria panicea, which was revealed earlier toward marine epibenthic organisms. The chemical nature of a substance or substances responsible for toxic effect is discussed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the Program of Division of Biological Sciences RAS (Reg. number АААА-А19-119022690122-5).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Halichondria panicea

value: White Sea

value: organotypic culture

value: cytostatic activity

value: crude extract

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Trikoz, Elena N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trikoz Elena N. 2019. “The Right of Private Defence under the Indian Penal Code, 1860”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 124–135.

dc.description.abstract

value: The complex institute of Private Defence (self-defence) in Indian criminal law was codified in the colonial period. This institute was included in Chapter IV “General Exceptions” of the Indian Penal Code of 1860, which continues to operate in the modern period with some changes and the judicial interpretation. According to the classification in the Indian and all common law countries doctrine, the self-defense institute belongs to the category of justifications, which excluding unlawfulness and, accordingly, the criminal nature of the conduct. The IPC Right of Private Defence is regulated in three blocks of legal norms (section 96 to 106) relating to the defence of person and property. Among them definitions and general provisions on private protection, the conditions for legitimacy and the self-defence excess (timeliness and proportionality), restriction of this right, situations in which the right of private defence of the body extends even to causing death or other harm. In the Indian Penal Code, unlike in most countries, there is an exception to the rule of proportionality: harm can be caused not only to the attacker but also to third parties who are not related to this dangerous encroachment. Another condition for legality has become cases where the defense is directed against officials or other authorized persons, even if their actions against the defender did not have a basis specified in the law. Most of the explanatory norms of the right of private defence are contained in the practice of the federal supreme and highest state courts. A feature of the institute is its social orientation and the active position of the court in the matter of establishing such exceptional circumstances as self-defence in each specific case.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: common law system

value: Hindu law

value: case law

value: criminal code

value: criminal liability

value: general exceptions

value: justifications

value: excuses

value: self-defence

value: a right of private defence

value: the lawfulness of defenсe


dc.contributor.author

value: Shaboltas, Alla V.

value: Granskaya, Juliana V.

value: Khaleeva, Maria V.

value: Vrij, Aldert

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shaboltas A. V., Granskaya J. V., Khaleeva M. V., Vrij A. Verbal characteristics of lie detection in different conditions of the interview. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 45–56.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article presents the results of the Russian part of the international research, conducted in St. Petersburg State University in 2014-2015, of verbal characteristics of lie detection in the interview in a foreign language and native language with the participation of an interpreter which was held in Great Britain, USA, South Korea and Russia. The aim of the research was to find the differences between liars and truth tellers in the interpreter-based interview and interview in a foreign language (English). The aim was to find out verbal characteristics of a lie, to estimate the effectiveness of Model Statement (a method which encourages a person to say more information). Sixty-five participants both genders were enrolled in the study. All participants were randomized into two groups - liars and truth tellers. As the main criteria were used the total time of answers, the number of details, the expression of doubt in words and fragmentary memories. The results showed that liars report less information in all interviewing conditions, less willingly admit that they forgot some information. In the interview in foreign language due to lack of vocabulary truth tellers either report less information, so, they can be treated as liars. Participants who had to talk in a foreign language, even those who spoke the truth, doubt that their words were treated as truthful. Listening to a sample audio record as a method which helps to encourage the amount of information during the interview showed its effectiveness, though in this experiment liars either provide more information and more details which can be related to an easy task. The results of the research can be used in the work of law enforcement and judicial personnel.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: lie detection

value: verbal characteristics

value: experimental research

value: a psychology of lie

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kulikova, Tatyana B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kulikova, Tatyana B. 2019. “Problems of legal regulation of licensing control over educational activities”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 72–83.

dc.description.abstract

value: The aim of the research of the article is to determine the directions for harmonizing the legal regulation and law-enforcement practices on the basis of a systematic research and comparative analysis of the state control and supervision institutions in the sphere of education, their determinacy in the context of the administrative reform of control and supervisory activities. Emphasis was placed on identifying mechanisms for eliminating duplication of administrative procedures in the licensing control over educational activities of current organizations. The article deals with the contradictions of law-enforcement practice about establishing legal grounds for control and determining of control measures set and legal consequences. This makes it possible to formulate the optimal way of integration of control over compliance with licensing requirements in the implementation of educational activities and federal state supervision in education. The conclusion is based on the need for direct legislative regulation of licensing control in the framework of the state supervision in the sphere of education. In this context, the author defines the components of the legal structure of the administrative procedure of the federal state supervision over the observance of licensing requirements in the sphere of education, determines the place and necessary conditions for applying the prohibition of admission to an educational organization as a special administrative preventive measure. The proposed systemic amendments in the regulatory framework determine the compliance of state regulation with the legal nature and nature of public relations in the field of state control and supervision in education.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: licensing

value: licensing control

value: educational activity

value: Rosobrnadzor

value: administrative reform


dc.contributor.author

value: Belokolodova, Tatiana I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belokolodova, Tatiana I. 2019. “The differentiation of legal regulation as an instrument for the formation of the special labour law status of medical worker”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 99–109.

dc.description.abstract

value: The existence of the special labour law status of medical worker requires a special set of rules of law that give rise to the effect of differentiation of legal regulation in relation to this category of workers. Considering the various methods of differentiation, the author concludes that the labor of medical workers is governed both by the rules - withdrawal and through the rules - additions. Exploring the work of various authors, dedicated to the grounds of differentiation of legal regulation of labor of medical workers, the author formulates the author's own group of the bases of such kind of differentiation, including both external and internal grounds. The study of bases of differentiation of legal regulation of medical workers has allowed the author to come to the conclusion that special labour law status of medical worker includes two components: a general (uniform) and a specialized (differentiated), which can be compared with internal and external bases of differentiation, respectively. Under the general (uniform) component of the labour law status of medical worker should understand a set of common, identical for all medical workers' rights, duties and liability measures. The specialized (differentiated) component of the labour law status of medical worker is a circle of special rights, duties and liability measures that correspond to positions, specialty and qualification of a concrete medical worker.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: medical worker

value: the special labour law status

value: differentiation

value: the mechanism of legal regulation

value: patient

value: health


dc.contributor.author

value: Kotlomanov, Alexander O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotlomanov, Alexander. “The crisis of the genre and the symptoms of style: the problem of monumentality in the new Russian art”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 1 (2019): 110–124.

dc.description.abstract

value: The current state of monumental art in Russia is analyzed in the context of global art and cultural trends. Examples of the newest Russian monuments that, in the philosophy of culture are symptoms of historical trends, is emphasized. The goal is to clarify this symptomatology for subsequent determination of the current situation in accordance with the theory of style. In the second half of the 20th century, monumental sculpture was in a state of crisis. There was a gap between aspirations of modern art and tastes of society. In critical publications, the idea that monuments separate us from history and soften our attitude to its tragic pages had been slipping. As a result, alternative versions of monuments and memorials were developed. The most interesting examples are counter-monuments, which suggest a controversial attitude to the topic, in contrast to the traditional monument, where such meaning is expressed unequivocally. The counter-monument raises the question shifting the response to the sphere of public debates. Thus art participates in the live course of history and calls us to think. The idea of such an alternative is ambiguous and raises questions. It is not clear to what extent these projects are related to the general context of art. Can they really compete with traditional monuments? And, finally, is this attitude to the monumental form relevant in contemporary Russia? The text attempts to answer these topical issues of contemporary theory and practice of art.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: style

value: genre

value: monumentality

value: monument

value: Russian art

value: Russian sculpture

value: modern art

value: modern sculpture

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Guseinova, Elmyra

value: Kashaeva, Anastasia A.

value: Vasilyev, Ilia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guseinova, Elmyra, Kashaeva, Anastasia A., Vasilyev Ilia A. 2019. “Sports Liability of Football Clubs for Spectators’ Behavior: Art. 12, Art. 14 of the Code of Sports Justice of the Italian Football Federation (F. I. G. C.) and para. “e” of the Art. 16 (2) of the UEFA Disciplinary Regulations”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 166–181.

dc.description.abstract

value: Disciplinary regulations of the national associations are under their discretion and not directly governed by UEFA. The Italian Football Federation approach differs by its own original classification of the inappropriate spectators’ behavior matters. In particularly, Art. 12 of the Code of Sports Justice establishes the liability for introducing in the sport facilities any images, inscriptions, symbols, emblems and other materials that contain insulting, offensive, threatening or inciting violence words and phrases, as well as for chants, shouts and other manifestations of obscene, offensive, threatening or inciting violence acts, while according to Art. 14 the clubs are liable for violent acts of spectators committed inside and around the stadium area (when they are directly related to the spectators’ misbehavior inside the stadium) in case the acts constitute a threat to public safety or a threat of causing serious harm to one or more individuals1. Furthermore, the Code establishes the unique system of mitigating and exempting from liability circumstances. The authors did the research of the sports legal practices of the aforementioned jurisdictions. Thus, it is useful to compare the provisions of both, the Code and UEFA Disciplinary Regulations. The obtained results could be interesting for RFU Disciplinary Regulations since it is constituted mostly by the Russian public legislations.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: disciplinary liability of football clubs

value: spectators’ behavior

value: the strict liability of football clubs for spectators’ behavior

value: The Italian Football Federation

value: Code of Sports Justice

value: UEFA

value: Disciplinary Regulations


dc.contributor.author

value: Kologermanskaia, Ekaterina M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kologermanskaia, Ekaterina M. 2019. “Political and legal features of the activities in the field of renewable energy sources in Iceland”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 182–191.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article discloses the features of renewable energy sources; the role and the meaning of the fundamental regulation of the renewable energy in Iceland. The relevance of using renewable energy as one of the safest for the environment, natural resources, health and life of population is being clarified in the article. The choice of Icelandic legislation in the area is based on the fact that: firstly, currently about 85 % of all primary energy in Iceland is provided by renewable sources, secondly, legislative base is created in the field of implementation of renewable energy sources and so on. The author examines some of the political issues of development of renewable energy in Iceland: The Icelandic National Renewable Energy Action Plan for the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources in accordance with Directive 2009/28/EC and the Commission Decision of 30 June 2009 on a template for the national renewable energy action plans. Basic regulations are investigated in the article, for instance, Act on Landsvirkjun No. 42/1983, Act on the guarantee of origin of electricity produced from renewable energy sources, etc. No. 30/2008, Law on the Establishment of Landsnet hf. No. 75/2004, Electricity Act No. 65/2003. The article underlines the role of government agencies in the development of renewable energy in Iceland: Ministry of Industry and Innovation, The National Energy Authority (NEA).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: renewable energy sources

value: renewable energy

value: energy law

value: Iceland’s energy law

value: electricity

value: energy policy

value: guarantee of energy origin

value: natural resources

value: Iceland’s energy policy

value: energy company


dc.contributor.author

value: Strizhitskaya, Olga Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strizhitskaya O. Yu. Perceived stress, the locus of control and self-acceptance: theoretical and empirical approaches. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 21–31.

dc.description.abstract

value: Stress is a complex challenge in modern society. Stress experience, on the one hand, is a reaction to internal or external situations or events, on the other hand, its intensity and specifics depend on one’s subjective characteristics. From this perspective, it is important to understand the mechanisms that mediate the perception of stress. The present paper addresses the association of perceived stress, a locus of control and self-acceptance. In this project, we empirically tested four models that suggest ways these three variables - perceived stress, the locus of control and self-acceptance - function. Education and economic status were taken as covariates in the models. Participants were 336 adults aged 20-60, mean age 38. Methods were perceived stress scale, a scale of self-acceptance, locus of control test by Rotter, and a demographical survey. Our study was based on two hypotheses: (1) locus of control is a stable characteristic that would determine the way one will react to stressful events; (2) perceived stress is a negative factor that can affect even stable personality characteristics such as locus of control. Our results showed that the model that best fitted the data was the one where perceived stress affected self-acceptance that in turn affected locus of control. Our data also suggested that education and economic status were protective factors that decreased negative influence of perceived stress on self-acceptance. Thus, our results revealed that perceived stress can negatively affect personality characteristics and decrease internal locus of control.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation, project 16-18-10088.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: perceived stress

value: a locus of control

value: self-acceptance

value: adulthood

dc.title

value: Article


title: Editorial

dc.contributor.author

value: Grishina, N. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Editorial. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 4-6.

dc.description.abstract

value: Editorial

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.contributor.author

value: Brover-Lubovsky, Bella

dc.identifier.citation

value: Brover-Lubovsky, Bella. “Giuseppe Sarti and the topos of the tragic in Russian music”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 1 (2019): 4–29.

dc.description.abstract

value: Praising Glinka’s A Life for the Tzar as an inauguration of Russian music, Vladimir Odoevskii emphasized that its composer succeeded in elevating the figure of a simple peasant to the realm of tragedy. Odoevskii’s claim thus embodied the plea for the manifestation of tragedy based on a nationally-driven socially and culturally significant idea, conveyed through a sublime mood. Adopting this domain was indeed a long journey for music in Russia. The present essay traces forerunners and emerging elements of tragedy and its musical implementation back to the last decade of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries, with an emphasis on Giuseppe Sarti’s (1729-1802) impact on the adoption of the tragic and the sublime in Russian music. A survey of Sarti’s stage works for the 1780-90s reveals his preferred pattern of conveying a sublime atmosphere of classicistic tragedy through unmeasured text and declamation - whether notated or not - located in the cathartic points of the drama, in conjunction with unison chorus and illustrative elements in the orchestra. Sarti’s contribution to the marriage of European neo-classicism with local trends and the domestication of tragedy in Russian music is demonstrated through a survey of declamation in recitatives and melodrama styles in works by Evstignei Fomin, Stepan Davydov, Stepan Degtiarev, and Osip Kozlovskii.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This article is part of the research project “Cosmopolitan Composer in (pre)-Revolutionary Europe” funded by Einstein Stiftung Berlin.

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Eighteenth-century music

value: music and dramatic theater in Russia

value: Giuseppe Sarti

value: Evstignei Fomin

value: Stepan Davydov

value: Osip Kozlovskii

value: tragedy

value: melodrama

value: recitative


dc.contributor.author

value: Aristova, Valentina Nikolaevna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aristova V. N. French weekly journals “Charlie Hebdo” and “Le Canard Enchaîné”: linguistic means of creating a comic, thematic field and target audience. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (1): 4–19.

dc.description.abstract

value: The satirical press has a long history and established traditions in France, being an integral part of French culture. Understanding this phenomenon leads to a clear understanding of the mechanisms of the emergence and functioning of satire as such and the clarification of its role in French society. A considerable amount of research has been devoted to the French satirical press, but questions related to the linguistic means of representing the comic are still poorly studied. The aim of this work is an attempt to present lexical and stylistic means of creating a comic effect, with the example of two weekly journals - Charlie Hebdo and Le Canard Enchaîné. In addition, we try to answer the question of whom (the social portrait of the reader) and what the modern French satirical press is making laugh at (the thematic spectrum). The research was realised under several approaches to text analysis: functional pragmatic; lexico-semantic approach; stylistic and socio-cultural. The source of the research is a compilation of the newspapers Charlie Hebdo and Le Canard Enchaîné for the period from 2009 to 2016. In addition, two interviews conducted by the author in Paris with journalists of Canard Enchaîné and Charlie Hebdo were used to understand the current concept of publications, including language policy (language presentation of the style). Finally, a survey of the social portrait of readers was conducted in France using the questionnaire method. As a result, 128 French respondents were interviewed.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Charlie Hebdo

value: Le Canard Enchaîné

value: French satirical press

value: comic

value: irony

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vyrkovsky, Andrei Vladimirovich

value: Fomicheva, Irina Dmitrievna

value: Obraztsova, Anastasia Yurievna

value: Galkina, Marina Yurievna

value: Kolesnichenko, Alexander Vasilievich

value: Vartanov, Sergei Aleksandrovich

value: Smirnov, Sergey Sergeevich

value: Vladimirova, Maria Borisovna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vyrkovsky A. V., Fomicheva I. D., Obraztsova A. Yu. et al. Quality control of radio reporters’ work: empirical analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (1): 48–65.

dc.description.abstract

value: The problems of managing the work of journalists in the context of digitalization are becoming increasingly important. Because of the growing competition in the media market, it becomes obvious that the old management tools used in the media are rapidly losing effectiveness. At the same time, many features of journalistic work remain a phenomenon that has not been studied so far: in academic practice there are few works devoted to newsroom activities in the conditions of digitalization. This article presents the results of the analysis of the correspondents’ routines at metropolitan FM radio stations. The main focus of the research was on the quality aspect of editorial work and its control. The authors developed and applied original research tools based on the process approach and allowing the use of quantitative research methods. Thus the results, taking into account some methodological limitations, can be extended to the entire segment of the News/Talk format radio. The authors concluded that in the information broadcasting industry the understanding of the quality of the work of correspondents is quite far from the normative. This is illustrated, first of all, by a large flow of “secondary” media texts based on materials borrowed from other media in one way or another. Thus, the basic factor in the choice of information broadcasting is the convenience of consumption, but not the prompt receipt of exclusive information. However, deviations from the normative quality model practically do not affect the share of media texts produced and broadcasted - the level of rejected ideas and texts is small. The authors believe that at the radio newsrooms the concept of work quality is close to the concept of efficiency - the management of radio stations deliberately chooses a model of labor organization based on simpler work operations.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: FM radio

value: News/Talk

value: newsrooms

value: processes

value: quality

value: efficiency

value: control


dc.contributor.author

value: Bochkarev, Andrey Evgenyevich

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bochkarev А. Е. On the sense of duty as a language-specific concept (in the focus of the National Russian Corpus). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (1): 20–32.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article explores a sense of duty as a language-specific concept in the Russian language conscience. In this regard, the National Russian Corpus is more appropriate because a conceptual configuration of an analyzed concept is not present in “finished” form in any single utterance but may be reconstructed only on the totality of all possible utterances. The specific conceptual configuration is manifested in many ways: distribution, ability to accumulate some Russian “key ideas”, predisposition to be associated with some emotional attitudes, propositional and metaphorical models. According to the National Russian Corpus, a sense of duty is defined, in different contexts, in relation to human responsibilities such service and work ; related concepts such responsibility, conscience, dignity and honor ; related emotions and feelings such pride, joy, celebration, obedience, fear and guilt. The propositional model, built on the National Russian Corpus, includes information that predicates applied to duty vary with the position in the syntactic structure of the proposition. As a semantic object duty is felt, carried, carried out, executed, violated, transgressed, known, remembered and forgotten. As a semantic subject duty is redefined over the categorical boundaries in terms of propositional models appropriated for an inner voice, human being, breaking load, or power.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russian language

value: language picture of the world

value: corpus analysis

value: language-specific words

value: propositional model

value: conceptual metaphor

value: social conventions

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Wang Yiling

dc.identifier.citation

value: Wang Yiling. Evaluative construction with an element of the motivation of the type “Eto mne ne po plechu” in Russian. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (1): 33–47.

dc.description.abstract

value: Based on the corpus data, the article focuses on the Russian evaluative construction Это Х-у не по У-у with the meaning “correspondence/discrepancy with expected features”, for example: Это мне не по силам ‘This is beyond my power’. We claim that all components of the construction are used with relative freedom and have a close semantic connection between them, which may be analyzed from the standpoint of «construction grammar», aimed at investigating the relationship between the elements of different levels of language. This construction can be used as an independent or as a subordinate clause. For describing these sentences, three semantic roles must be identified: the characterized object «это», the experiencer «X» and the basis of evaluation «не по У-у». The characterized object, which coincides with the object of evaluation, is expressed by a noun, an infinitive or a pronoun. In our data, this role is predominantly performed by nouns in the nominative case. The non-predicative dative case of the noun or pronoun is put in the position of the experienсer, a qualified participant in the situation that does not necessarily directly perceive it. In accordance with the lexical meaning of the basis of evaluation, implying the motivation of the speaker’s judgment, this component may be divided into three thematic groups: 1) internal capacities (the impact of physical, financial, intellectual elements); 2) taste and predisposition (the expression of preferences); 3) external judgment (the comparison with the standard). The basis of the evaluation acts as the nominal part of the predicate, which is combined with linking verbs.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: evaluative construction

value: semantics

value: characterized object

value: experiencer

value: a basis of evaluation


dc.contributor.author

value: Gutorova, Natalya Aleksandrovna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gutorova N. A. The interaction the investigative and the science journalism for creation media texts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (1): 66–74.

dc.description.abstract

value: Recently there has been a growing interest to scientific journalism of both researchers and the professional community in Russia but is practically not in demand by a wide audience. The development of specialized publications contributes to the renewal of the genre structure of scientific journalism, including through journalistic investigation. Science faces with some problems of fraud and pseudoopenings, the activities of individual scientists and institutions are at the center of scandals not directly related to science. These topics cause a public reaction and don’t require special preparation from the audience or the journalists themselves at the same time. The investigation in scientific journalism includes a comprehensive study of a particular research or scientific branch in order to competently present scientific results to the audience and to verify official information. In the first case, scientific problems attract the attention of professional journalists, in the second one professional scientists become authors, mostly bloggers. The principles of organizing the scientific community in the blogosphere affect the traditional media, inviting scientists to cooperate both as authors and as experts. The popular scientific newspaper “Troitsky variant - Science” is considered as an example. Such venues become a place for posing discussion issues, discussing pressing problems, and not only of a scientific nature. An example of the implementation of the investigative potential in the media materials is publications about the activities of the “Dissernet”, which is exposing fraud in science. At the same time, under the guise of a journalistic investigation on scientific topics, a wide audience is offered uncritical materials or are devoted to pseudoscientific questions. With the visible observance of genre requirements, we observe a substitution of concepts not only when the society assesses journalistic investigations, but also when evaluating scientific activity, when forming its own picture of the world.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 16; Issue 1

value: science journalism

value: journalism investigation

value: science blogs

value: research orientation of scientific publications

value: political problems of science journalism


dc.contributor.author

value: Lisovskii, Vladimir G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lisovskii, Vladimir. “Academic architectural school. The problem of stylistic selfidentification”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 1 (2019): 145–179.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article explores the long journey traversed by an academic architectural school from the moment of the establishment of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in the middle of the 18th century, to the end of the 20th century. The author focuses on the degree of distinctiveness of the classical fundamentals of the school, as well as to what extent traditions of the academic educational system were followed. An overview of the school’s activities during the first century of its existence makes it possible to define the principles underlying this system: a focus on classic examples, the use of an architectural order as a basis for all compositional decisions, the preference for regularly composed (“beautiful”) planes, high graphic skills, and the interaction of artists of different specialties to form a synthesis of the arts. The article presents some stages of the school’s historical evolution: the period of classicism in the first century of the existence of the Academy of Arts; the period between the reforms that took place in 1859 and 1893; the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, a period of highest perfection in structure and methodology; and from the post-revolutionary period to the present, a time of confrontation between traditionalism and innovative trends.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg

value: architectural education

value: classical school fundamentals and their transformation

value: teaching methods

value: periods of historical development

value: student projects

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Starostina, Tatiana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Starostina, Tatiana. “Musical-theoretical problems of studying Russian obichod polyphony”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 1 (2019): 46–78.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article examines problems of the theoretical study of the pitch structure of the modern obichod polyphony of the Russian Orthodox Church: modal organization of various Ihos tunes, methods of harmonizing statutory melodies, peculiarities of tonality in liturgical chants, and characteristic harmonic formulas of obichod polyphony. The novelty of this article lies in the application of modern methods of musical-theoretical analysis to the Russian obichod polyphony and substantiation of the thesis about the Russian obichod singing as an individualized branch of the choral culture of the Christian world. The author uses methods of harmonic analysis developed by Yu. N. Kholopov at Moscow State Conservatory. The article also draws on an analytical methodology used by representatives of the structural-typological direction. In addition, the author takes into account the performing aspect of choral singing, which is typical of modern ethnomuscology. The article also uses the method of graphical display of the hierarchy of tones and consonances in obichod tunes. This paper performs a sequential analysis of the modal structure of the melodies of stichera and troparois of all 8 Ihos. The modal analysis of the monodia reveals the forms of modal factor influence on the final structure of the tonal polyphony. The tonality of polyphonic melodies has its own characteristics: a relatively weak tonic center and richness in rapid changes of tonal pillars. In addition, the obichod texture has a clear polyphonic origin. These properties bring together Russian church polyphony with the phenomena of Western European musical culture.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: modal monody

value: obichod harmonization

value: polyphonic hymn

value: diagram

value: modal functionality

value: harmonic formula

value: linear harmony


dc.contributor.author

value: Chantseva, Veronika

value: Bilova, Tatiana

value: Smolikova, Galina

value: Frolov, Andrej

value: Medvedev, Sergei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chantseva, V., Bilova, T., Smolikova, G., Frolov, A., and Medvedev, S. 2019. 3D-clinorotation induces specific alterations in metabolite profiles of germinating Brassica napus L. seeds. Bio. Comm. 64(1): 55–74.

dc.description.abstract

value: During the whole history of their life on Earth, higher plants evolved under the constant gravity stimulus. Therefore, plants developed efficient mechanisms of gravity perception, underlying their ability to adjust the direction of growth to the gravity vector, i.e. the phenomenon of gravitropism. In this context, alterations in the magnitude and vector of the gravity field might compromise plant growth and development. This aspect was successfully addressed in gravity fields of low intensity (microgravity). On the other hand, microgravity can be simulated on the Earth by clinorotation, i.e. rotation of the experimental plant along one or several axes. This approach is routinely used for studies of gravity-related responses of crop plants, although the effect of simulated microgravity on the most sensitive ontogenetic stages - germination and seedling development - is still not sufficiently characterized. Recently, we addressed the effects of clinorotation on the proteome of germinating oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seeds. Here we extend this study to the seedling primary metabolome and address its changes in the presence of 3D-clinorotation. GC-MS analysis revealed essential alterations in patterns of sugars and sugar phosphates (specifically glucose-6-phosphate), methionine and glycerol. Thereby, abundances of individual metabolites showed high dispersion, indicating high lability and plasticity of the seedling metabolome.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 17-04-00862) and Saint Petersburg State University (Grant No. 7398/1, appendix No. 3, decision from 24.07.2018).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Brassica napus

value: clinorotation

value: metabolomics

value: primary metabolites

value: seed germination

value: simulated microgravity


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrov, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrov, Alexander A. 2019. “The controversial aspects of resolving of normoconflicts in cases of formal priority of codes”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 4–23.

dc.description.abstract

value: The idea of formal priority of codes was declared and argued in the soviet theory of law. It is based on the specific point of objective essential division of positive law into separated sets of legal rules (branches of law) under supervisions of the concrete code. The formal priority of code means the impossibility of resolving the conflicts between such code and each other statute via lex specialis and lex posterior maxims into the specific branch of law under the supervision of the code. Thus, it is the original type of hierarchy of norms depending on the sphere of regulation. It is named the subject (horizontal) hierarchy of legal norms, and it is used in the Russian positive law since 1994. Leal experience of twenty years its practical application shows the dissociation in courts legal opinions: sometimes tribunals appreciate the idea of horizontal hierarchy, in other cases, they do not support its application. The lack of legality of formal priority of codes is one of the strongest arguments such point: Russian constitution has no rule or principle to support or to prohibit the formal priority of codes. Furthermore, the idea of formal priority of codes may be called into the question. The part of its foundations is precarious. Replicating a number of levels in hierarchy into statutes logically can lead to a bad infinity of super priority, mega priority etc. The system of law is not a set of norms with constant and static content. It causes the impossibility of the irreversible decision the question of its structure. Accordingly, there may be and will be conflicts of codes each over establish own priority. Consequently, the idea of formal priority of codes needs to be reconsidered.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project Nо. 18-011-00583\18.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: conflict of legal rules

value: congruence of legal rules conflicts

value: priority of code

value: subject hierarchy

value: resolving of legal rules conflicts

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasilieva, Nina M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasilieva, Nina. “‘Je veus ếtre cubist’: marginals of A. N. Benou on the pages of catalogs of the exhibitions of the society of ‘Union of youth’”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 1 (2019): 125–144.

dc.description.abstract

value: For 20 years from 1898 to 1917 in the periodical press, and especially for ten years in the newspaper Rech (1908-1917), almost 300 of A. N. Benoit’s art-critical articles were published. These articles covered almost all forms of artistic creativity. It is difficult to find an artist or a major artistic event in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to which Benoit did not respondas a critic, making him a “chronicler” of Russian art. The features of his critical method include unprecedented scale, duration, and regularity of his critical activity, as well as the scope of the readership. His articles reproduced a panorama of Russian artistic life, which in the early twentieth century was bright and multifaceted. One group that sought to learn new topics and new methods of work in the visual arts was the Union of Youth, which included avant-garde artists. A well-known critic, Benoit left his notes on their artistic quest. Benoit’s marginalia in exhibition catalogues for the Union of Youth in 1912-1914, deciphered here by the author, are presented as proof of this great expert’s diversity of views. Among the marginalia on the pages of these catalogues, are those that relate to these young artists, whose works remain unexplored or little-known. This is the first attempt to decipher marginalia that are difficult to understand, and sometimes illegible, on the works of N. Lermontova, N. Liubavina, A. Morgunov, S. Nagubnikov, P. Patipake, O. Rozanova, M. Sinyakova, E. Spanikov, A Shevchenko, I. Shkolnik, and Ts. Schleifer.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: marginalia

value: A. N. Benoit

value: Union of Youth

value: K. Malevich

value: V. Tatlin

value: P. Filonov

value: art critic


dc.contributor.author

value: Poznin, Vitaly F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Poznin, Vitaly. “Art space and time in the screen chronotope”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 9, no. 1 (2019): 93–109.

dc.description.abstract

value: Time and space are the most essential concepts that determine the structure of the screen product and its artistic content. The term “chronotope” (chronos + topos), proposed by Michael Bakhtin as determing the spatial and temporal characteristics of a literary work, is now included in the practice of art criticism, and has become widely used in analyses of films. However, recently the claim that “chronotope” is devoid of specific content and therefore cannot be used to analyze screen works has been increasingly affirmed. The article proves that the use of “chorotope” today, when in the cinema art there is an active search for new forms of interaction of artistic time, allows one to identify productively the stylistic features of the movie, treating screen time-space as a dynamic, volatile phenomenon. Particular attention is paid to the viewer’s perception of the screen chronotope. The author hypothesizes that screen artistic time or screen artistic space can dominate in a particular chronotope, depending on the plot and compositional construction of the episode or film. In screen works, in which “horizontal editing” predominates, the action develops in numerous screen spaces. Temporal characteristics are represented in these films by a small interval of conditionally present time, and heroes’ pasts play a key role in plots. In films with a dynamic story and a constant shift in narrative to events, imagined by the hero, time is dominant for the viewer, and space fulfills a functional role. The concept of the chronotope also facilitates determining the role of flashbacks and “flashforwards,” oneric and imaginary time-space, and analyzeing methods of transmitting the subjective perception of the time or space by the characters in the film.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: cinema

value: film chronotope

value: cinema time

value: cinema space

value: film perception

value: continuum

value: sound in movies

value: montage


dc.contributor.author

value: Popova, Darya A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popova D. A. Perception and understanding features of social interaction processing in depressive disorders. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2019, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 77–91.

dc.description.abstract

value: In this work results of the investigation directed on exploring specific patterns of social interaction understanding in depressive patients are presented. The comparison of cognitive activity between depressed individuals (N = 25) and healthy individuals (N = 28) took place. The experimental sample included persons with normal intelligence, depressive symptoms and the absence of a psychotic state. All recipients were matched by sex and education level. By means of contactless eye-movement registration system (Eye Tracking Technology), an eye movements activity of both samples during the watching of short films with social interaction scenes was measured. Besides, verbal responses about a plot of the viewed video were estimated. It revealed that patients show disturbances in the social interaction understanding during the visual perception of social scenes. It was manifested in different from healthy sample eye movement schemata and incomplete and distorted verbal responses about characters behavior in communicative situations. Based on these results the model of social perception was built. It detects three main cognitive processes during the perception of social situations: communicative scripts recognition, perception coordination with characters of social situation, construction of further actions forecast. For the first time, psychological mechanisms that cause the disturbances of social situations understanding in depressive patients were detected and described. We suppose they do not coordinate their perception with personages of social situations and as a result, do not build adequate forecasts of their further actions. The reasons of this phenomenon still should be investigated, however even at this point these specific features of depressive patients cognitive activity allow to develop new diagnostic instruments and strategies of psychological intervention.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by Russian Foundation for Humanities, project 18-013-01217.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: social cognition

value: social interaction

value: Theory of Mind

value: nonverbal communication

value: depression

value: visual perception

value: eye movements

value: categorization

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bauer, Tatiana

value: Minkina, Tatiana

value: Pinskii, David

value: Zamulina, Inna

value: Mandzhieva, Saglara

value: Nevidomskaya, Dina

value: Burachevskaya, Marina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bauer, T., Minkina, T., Pinskii, D., Zamulina, I., Mandzhieva, S., Nevidomskaya, D., and Burachevskaya, M. 2019. Soil physical and chemical properties changes after zinc contamination. Bio. Comm. 64(1): 46–54.

dc.description.abstract

value: The aim of this work was to study the effect of a high rate of Zn on the chemical bond forms of metal in soil and on the physical properties and organic matter of Haplic Chernozem under model experiment conditions. The metal sequential extraction procedure used in this study was the classical five-step method proposed by Tessier et al. (1979). The particle size distribution was determined by the pipette method (using the pyrophosphate procedure of soil preparation) (GOST 12536-79). The microaggregate distribution was determined in the same way as the particle size distribution analysis above, except that there was no chemical dispersant (sodium pyrophosphate) applied (only mechanical agitation with water) (GOST 12536-79; Vadyunina and Korchagina, 1973). The qualitative composition of organic matter was determined using the Tyurin procedure modified by Ponomareva and Plotnikova (Vorob’eva, 2006). Contamination of Haplic Chernozem with Zn acetates at high rates of 2000 mg/kg affected the physical and chemical properties of the soil. A significant increase in the first two soil fractions least strongly bound to the soil was observed in contaminated soils. Silicates and Fe-Mn oxides made the largest contribution to the Zn adsorption and retention. The content of organo-mineral particles in colloidal size increased, which resulted in an increase of the clay fraction content up to 4.5 % compared to the control. The qualitative composition of organic matter changed: the contents of free and sesquioxide-bound humic acids and free fulvic acids increased. Studies of soil physical properties and organic matter quality changes and chemical bond forms of Zn in soil are needed to better understand metal behaviors in the environment and implement repair strategies in different polluted soils.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, No. 5.948.2017/PP, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, No. 18‑55‑05023 arm_а.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: zinc

value: soil

value: fractional composition

value: organic matter

value: particle size distribution

value: structural status

value: aggregate content


dc.contributor.author

value: Manerova, Kristina Valerievna

dc.identifier.citation

value: Manerova K. V. Meaning ambiguity of idiom-constructions Gott weiß / weiß Gott in German. Discursive secularization as precondition for phraseological meaning.Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2019, 16 (1): 88–104.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper discusses the loss of the religious connotations of the Bible phrases and phraseological units regarded as a necessary precondition to form meaning and semantic ambiguity. It examines discursive secularization of the phraseological units of the religious discourse, and the result of the discursive secularization is a phraseological meaning. Meaning ambiguity refers to as an ability of a set expression to have more than one possible meaning in various contexts. Meaning ambiguity of the phraseological units pertains to the explication of the inner form of the phrase-predecessor and has a meaning in which several interpretations in the context are plausible. The result is heuresemy of the phraseological unit. Meaning ambiguity of the phraseological unit of the religious discourse is due to the two denotations in its nominative field: a prototypic situation and a dictionary meaning of the phraseological unit. Meaning ambiguity is diffusion of both etymology and imagery. The paper focuses on etymological images of the German phraseological units regarded as the core elements of the idiomaticity of the religious discourse. It sheds light on the etymology of some key components of the phraseological units in relation to their culture-specific meaning and identifies presuppositions of the German phraseological units with the key component Gott. Although etymologically the German phraseological units with Gott as a key component refer to the religious discourse, they as phraseological units are no longer religious. Their religious connotations are partly shaded as a result of the discursive secularization, and the German phraseological units Gott weiß / weiß Gott are the phraseological structures with more than one plausible meaning. Phrases are assertive utterances, exclamations, requests, and phraseoreflexes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено в рамках исполнения НИР по мероприятию «Совместная программа СПбГУ и DAAD “Дмитрий Менделеев”» 2016/2017 гг. в СПбГУ.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: phraseology of the German language

value: meaning ambiguity

value: religious discourse

value: discursive secularisation

value: construction grammar

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kirilenko, Viktor P.

value: Alekseev, Georgy V.

value: Pacek, Maxim

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kirilenko, Viktor P., Alekseev, Georgy V., Pacek, Maxim. 2019. “Natural law and the crisis of liberal legal order”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 38–54.

dc.description.abstract

value: Structural problems in the development of a global civil society reflect the need for more equitable and harmonious legal norms aimed at effective international cooperation. Substantive scientific interest in the problems of natural law, justice and equality reflects trends in the development of the legal thought towards the creation of an integral rational theory of justice that will be effective in regulating conflicts of interests in the international system. Modern Western legal studies use various ways to solve the problem of substantiating the rationality of the established neoliberal life order and the morality that dominates in the context of the search for the way of sustainable development for the post-modern civilization. However, the discursive analysis of legal studies reflects two main trends in the development of doctrines on law and democracy: on the one hand, legal realism is determined by the imperative authority of the formal legal norms and the meaning of their judicial interpretation, and, on the other hand, commonly following the logic of natural law, the legislator always elevates to the rank of law some constructions of deontological ethics, giving them the properties of actual legal communication. Liberal discourse demonstrates a stable relationship between the quality of legal doctrine and social processes that are aimed at sustainable development. However, the rationality of narrow economic interests in the process of developing a legal system hinders the realization of fundamental natural rights and becomes one of the causes of the world community systemic social crisis.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 10; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: law

value: morality

value: liberalism

value: jusnaturalism

value: sustainable development