dc.contributor.author

value: Fokin, Sergey L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fokin S. L. Illness and health in the philosophy of René Descartes. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 381–390.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The philosophy of René Descartes (1596–1650) plays an important part in the development
of a “medical view”, whose archaeology was introduced in modern times by Michel Foucault
(1926–1984) in his famous book The Birth of the Clinic (1963). However, the general medical
conception of the philosopher hadn’t raised any interest on behalf of historians of ideas until
recently. It is only in the beginning of the new millennium that medicals excerpts of Descartes’
writing were translated from Latin into modern French et became available to public, which
proves the relevance of turning to historical analysis of Descartes’ medical conception. The
main goal of this work is to present the historical background of the development of philosopher’s views on illness and health, parallel to the evolution of his conception of medicine.
Along with the methods of philosophical history the article turns to the methodology of « history
of ideas » that implies rapt attention to the cultural context of that era. We establish that
it is important to distinguish two orders of signs in Descartes’ medical conception that come
together in the clinical picture of philosopher’s death: on the one hand, there is the relatively
precise history of illnesses and death of the philosopher, who, all his life, opposed a healthy
lifestyle to illness; on the other hand, there are three stages of evolution of his medical conception,
comprised of an initially mechanistic vision of the human body as a natural machine,
then a psychosomatic vision of interpenetration of body and soul and, finally, philosopher’s
understanding that he needs to be his own doctor. We conclude the following: Descartes’
death didn’t cross out the lines of medical signs in philosopher’s thinking and being, but it
questioned them, pushing researchers to examine more closely the part that illness paid in the
health cult that the philosopher followed during his life as well as the part that was dictated by
the health cult in his final illness and death.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Работа подготовлена при поддержке гранта РФФИ, проект «Рене Декарт и моральная философия: метафизика, политика, теология и этика в переписке философа с принцессой Елизаветой
Богемской, королевой Швеции Кристиной и несколькими современниками», № 17-03-50205, тип
проекта «а(ф)».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Descartes

value: philosophy

value: medicine

value: morals

value: Princess Elizabeth


dc.contributor.author

value: Karavaev, Eduard F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karavaev E. F. Logic and genesis of a scientific theory in the light of the concept of the “speculative cognitive level” developed by V. P. Bransky. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 348–355.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article discusses the concept of “speculative theoretical level of research”, developed by
V. P. Bransky and summarizing his earlier philosophical and methodological study of the enormous
volume of material of modern physics (especially theory of elementary particles). The
history of theoretical physics testifies to the fact that the most basic conceptsbe obtained by
means of the inductive generalization of experimental data. It is also impossible to receive
them, — by means of deduction — from the old theoretical concepts. And, meanwhile, in real
history physics (and science in a whole) such ideas from time to time appear. After all, without
them it would be impossible to offer a theoretical explanation of the new open phenomena:
without them there is no adequate reflection of the objective essence of these phenomena,
which — in its content — does not coincide with them (although, obviously, in the way of
existence from them is inseparable). There is an activity of cognition: the speculative nature
of abstract theoretical concepts and “visible” — from the point of view of our (macroscopic)
experience — of theoretical ideas is not limited to a passive reflection of objective reality. The
speculative constructs that the theorist creates are not identical to the reality for which they
are created. If successful, the construct, not coinciding with the object of reality by way of existence can reflect the essence of the class of similar phenomena or a specific manifestation
of the essence of the class of similar phenomena. One of the main creative actions leading to
new ideas is the choice (selection). Theoretical knowledge becomes true within a fixed subject
area and at a fixed sensitivity of instruments if the new empirical knowledge predicted by
it (within the same limits) is consistent with the experiment. Verification means determining
the limits of applicability of theoretical knowledge. The article deals with one historical
episode associated with the name of N. Bohr and concerning the genesis of constructs of the
“speculative level”. Some of the authors interpreted his figurative statement that the theory
does not seem correct to him, if it is not “crazy enough”, as a speech against logic. However,
Bohr had in mind that the proposed theory must be very significantly (up to “madness”!) different
from the current views and theories in the given field of science. And it is quite clear that
the content of such difference (or differences) cannot be distinguished without logic. Similarly,
compliance or noncompliance of the theory content with the content of these experiences
cannot be set without logic. In conclusion, the article considers an example of how the concept
of the “speculative level of cognition”, developed by Bransky, allows us to advance in the
development of the foundations of the concept of synergetics.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: research

value: speculative theoretical level

value: a theory of elementary particles

value: inductive generalization

value: deduction

value: speculative construct

value: essence

value: phenomenon

value: logic

value: synergetics

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Poleshchuk, Irina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Poleshchuk I. Ethical exegesis and ethical body in the philosophy of E. Levinas. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 356–368.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, I attempt to show that Levinas’s thesis “ethics as first philosophy” implies a complex
approach to philosophical discourse as well as to language. I hope to demonstrate that,
according to Levinas, the pattern of reading and debating produced by the long tradition of
Western philosophical thinking has to be revised. This implies several conceptual steps which
could be described as ethical exegesis and ethical body. The ethical exegesis manifests a practice
of listening to and being for the other interlocutor, that primarily directed to the embodied
subject in all its vivacity of life. Adhering to phenomenological tradition I explore Levinas’s
account of language — the saying and the said, to show that the core of the linguistic structure
is sensibility and embodied proximity. My main argument is that Levinas does not only revise
the work of language in philosophical discourse, but he also finds another approach to dialogue,
response, and listening. In other words, objectifying language becomes posterior and
is subordinated to ethical exegesis that is described as an encounter with the embodied other.
I also draw attention to specific structures of sensibility and proximity which are necessary
components of the ethical body. One of the important theses to follow up is that Levinas’s
continual refinement of the concept of exegesis is necessary for retracing an approach to the
transcendence in a dialogue of two interlocutors.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Levinas

value: ethics

value: exegesis

value: embodiment

value: proximity

value: sensibility

value: ethical body

value: language

value: saying

value: said


dc.contributor.author

value: Shestakova, Irina G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shestakova I. G. To the question of the limits of progress: Is singularity possible? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 391–401.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores the idea accepted in the social philosophy at the turn of 20th–21st century,
that the exponential growth of the speed of progress results in the technological singularity.
In natural science, the process characterized by initial exponential acceleration
typically reaches a saturation phase and then develops according to another mathematical
low. This does not mean to imply that the initial phase continues uninterruptedly, but may
indeed consist of early outflows to the saturation phase and transition to plateaus of speed.
If such a description is typical in natural science, would not predictions for science and
technology, in general, be characterized by perhaps not apocalyptic conclusions but the appearance
of such singularities? Would it not be expected from processes in natural science
that the acceleration of scientific progress might be replaced by deceleration and a complete
stoppage of acceleration? Mechanisms for retarding acceleration of info-communications
are revealed in the adaptive capabilities of individual approaching planning horizons, and
specifically in the investment in the military-industrial complex, which has its own logic
representing a direct driving force for progress in the civil sphere. At the same time, despite
possible dampening of acceleration of progress in science and technology, progress itself
and social transformations will not stop, and will not even slow down, but continue with the
speed, which will become permanent.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: social philosophy

value: scientific and technical progress

value: infocommunication

value: development speed

value: planning horizon

value: exponent

value: singularity

value: determinism

value: limits of progress


dc.contributor.author

value: Brodsky, Alexander I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Brodsky A. I. Probable opinions and solid outcomes: On the methodology of ethical expertise in the cultural sphere. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 324–332.

dc.description.abstract

value:
When we attempt to apply the principles of ethical expertise — which originated, after all,
in the field of biomedicine — to the sphere of culture, we face the fundamental problem of
any expertise: the lack of a methodology that will enable at least the partial elimination of the
influence of “subjective factors”, ranging from experts’ ideological and religious preferences
to their personal moral qualities and emotional responses. This paper aims to develop such
a methodology. To resolve this problem, the author proposes to revisit the forgotten art of
casuistry, which was flourishing at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries. At
that time, the golden rule of casuistry was to regard various ethical principles and norms as
more or less plausible opinions (opinion probabilis). One could choose one of these opinions
only after discussion and evaluation of each opinion and its outcomes in each specific case.
Today, the use of casuistry in ethical expertise means that experts can proceed not from
their own convictions and principles, but from an assessment of a specific situation, and a
comparison between possible consequences resulting from the application of certain moral
requirements to that situation. Only those conclusions which satisfy all the experts can be
termed “justified”. However, such a consensus will be impossible if the experts base their
conclusions not on an analysis of the consequences of a specific decision, but on their own
favoured religious or ideological doctrines. Theoretically speaking, the author believes that
casuistry as a method of ethical expertise implies not only an assessment of a particular case
from the point of view of the general principles of morality but also the evaluation of these
principles in light of their applicability to particular cases.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared for the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project Nr. 18-011-
00673 «Methodology of ethical expertise in the field of culture».

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: ethics

value: expertise

value: culture

value: casuistry

value: opinions

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mazalov, Vladimir V.

value: Nikitina, Natalia N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mazalov V. V., Nikitina N. N. The maximum likelihood method for detecting communities in communication networks. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 3, pp. 200–214.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The community detection in social and communication networks is an important problem in
many applied fields: biology, sociology, social networks. This is especially true for networks
that are represented by large graphs. In this paper, we propose a method for community
detection based on the maximum likelihood method for the random formation of a network
with given parameters of the tightness of connections within the community and between
different communities. A numerical algorithm for finding the maximum of the objective
function over all possible network partitions is described. The algorithm is implemented and
tested on real networks of small dimension.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект №17-11-01079).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: network communities

value: detecting communities in a network

value: maximum likelihood method

value: Gibbs sampling


dc.contributor.author

value: Kurbatova, Galina I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kurbatova G. I. On the calculation of surfaces glaciation in seawater. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 3, pp. 186–199.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Selection of a method for the numerical solution to the Stefan problem is considered, which
permits one to calculate the ice boundary with accepted accuracy during a long period
of time, and can be extended to multidimensional glaciation problems. A comparison of
the different versions of continuous schemes with an exact analytical solution to the classical
Stefan problem is presented. The criterion that permits estimation, under given assumptions,
of the error behavior of calculating the phase boundary in numerical solution to the Stefan
problem using a continuous calculation scheme is suggested. The advantage of this continuous
calculation scheme for phase boundary calculation in problems of surface glaciation in
seawater is demonstrated.

value: Stefan problem

value: glaciation

value: gas pipeline

value: versions of the coefficient smoothing method

value: numerical solution

value: computational examples


dc.contributor.author

value: Orekhov, Andrey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Orekhov A. V. Approximation-evaluation tests for a stress-strain state of deformable solids. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 3, pp. 230–242.

dc.description.abstract

value:
When analyzing some applied problems, it is of interest to obtain certain statistical criteria.
These criteria could determine the moment when a monotonically increasing quantity, given
in the form of a table and whose analytical form is unknown, changes the linear increasing
to the nonlinear one. In this paper, we consider “approximation-evaluation tests”, which
allows us to determine the point, when the type of increase in the monotone sequence of
numerical parameters of deformable solid, characterizing its stress-strain state, is changed
from linear to parabolic. This point could be considered as a harbinger of the strength
loss. This criterion is based on the comparison of the quadratic errors of the linear and the
incomplete parabolic approximations. Approximating functions are constructed locally, not
overall values of the sequence, but only over several of them. These points are located in the
left half-neighborhood of the investigated point. An inverse problem is solved in which the
critical values of the sequence are calculated, for which the quadratic errors of the linear and
incomplete parabolic approximations are equal. The example shows that a simple comparison
of finite differences cannot be used to determine the point at which a linear increase becomes
parabolic.

value: stress-strain state

value: least-squares method

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ushakov, Vladimir N.

value: Uspenskii, Aleksander A.

value: Ershov, Aleksander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ushakov V. N., Uspenskii A. A., Ershov A. A. Alpha-sets in finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces and their applications in control theory. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 3, pp. 261–272.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, a technique for investigating nonconvex sets that occur when describing the
evolution of wave fronts, in the construction of generalized solutions of boundary value
problems for equations of Hamilton—Jacobi type, in the formation of resolving structures
in the problems of dynamic control is developed. An estimate is obtained for the Hausdorff
distance between such sets and their convex hulls. The estimate is based on the concept
of a measure of nonconvexity α. It is shown that for small α, nonconvex α-sets are close
to convex. An example of a solution of the optimal control problem on the basis of α-sets
is give.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: α-set

value: convex hull

value: Hausdorff distance

value: control

value: performance

value: Hamilton—Jacobi equation


dc.contributor.author

value: Olemskoy, Igor V.

value: Kovrizhnykh, Nikolay A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Olemskoy I. V., Kovrizhnykh N. A. A family of sixth-order methods with six stages. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 3, pp. 215–229.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper deals with construction of an efficient explicit sixth order method for structurally
partitioned systems of ordinary differential equations. The general scheme of the method
is presented, which algorithmically uses structural properties of a system of differential
equations. The order conditions and the simplifying conditions for the considered explicit
six-stage method are written down and their consistency is determined. The general solution
with seven free parameters is obtained and a computational scheme for certain values of
free parameters is constructed. Its performance on test problems is compared to three other
explicit sixth-order methods.

dc.subject

value: order

value: order conditions

value: simplifying conditions


dc.contributor.author

value: Bure, Vladimir M.

value: Karelin, Vladimir V.

value: Bure, Artem V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bure V. M., Karelin V. V., Bure A. V. Evaluation of the volume of ordering of goods while possible demand drop. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 3, pp. 252–260.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this work, a mathematical model, designed to determine the optimal strategy of the
trading firm’s behavior is constructed under conditions of random demand. As a result of
special marketing research, it is determined that at some random time T there will be a
sharp and strong drop in demand. It is assumed that the trading company uses the following
scheme of the wholesale order of the goods. All ordered goods are divided into two parts,
the first consignment of goods arriving immediately, and it must be sold within a certain
period of time T1, if the demand does not drop, then the sale of the second consignment of
goods starts at a discount. The delivery of the second batch to the buyers occurs at time T.
The article considers various situations that arise as a result of a drop in demand after the
moment T, either until the time T1 or in the period between the time moments T1 and T. It
is necessary to consider such a wholesale order scheme. Firstly, the warehouses of the trading
company have a limited scope and cannot accommodate the entire ordered volume of goods,
and secondly, the producer cannot immediately supply the entire ordered lot of goods, since
not all goods could be produced in the initial (zero) time when the order is made. For the
trading company, the moments of time T1 and T are important. At time T1, the trading
company will completely sell the first shipment of the goods and receive the funds, part of
which it will pay to the firm for the manufacturer. The time T is also extremely important for
the trading company, as it will mean the successful completion of the full realization of the
entire purchased product. The choice of time points T1 and T allows determining the volume
of the first consignment of ordered goods and the total volume of all ordered goods from
the manufacturer. In this work a mathematical model is proposed that allows choosing the
optimal ordering strategy for a trading company in conditions of a possible drop in demand
at a random time.

dc.subject

value: stock level of the goods

value: random demand

value: shortage of goods

value: discount

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Anggai, Sajarwo

value: Blekanov, Ivan S.

value: Sergeev, Sergei L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anggai S., Blekanov I. S., Sergeev S. L. Modification biterm topic model input feature for detecting topic in thematic virtual museums. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 3, pp. 243–251.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper describes the method for detecting topic in short text documents developed by
the authors. The method called Feature BTM, based on the modification of the third step of
the generative process of the well-known BTM model. The authors conducted experiments of
quality evaluation that have shown the advantage of efficiency by the modified Feature BTM
model before the Standard BTM model. The thematic clustering technology of documents
necessary for the creation of thematic virtual museums has described. The authors performed
a performance evaluation that shows a slight loss of speed (less than 30 seconds), more
effective using the Feature-BTM for clustering the virtual museum collection than the
Standard BTM model.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: topic model

value: biterm

value: short text

value: BTM

value: clustering

value: thematic virtual museums


dc.contributor.author

value: Silvanovich, Olga V.

value: Shirokov, Nikolai A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Silvanovich O.V., Shirokov N.A. Approximation by entire functions on a countable union of segments on the real axis. 4. Inverse theorem. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 441–451.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A problem of a constructive description of functional classes in terms of a possible rate of
approximation of its functions by means of functions chosen from a certain set is one of the
leading problem of approximation theory for more than a century. It turned out that the
non-uniformity of a rate of approximation due to the point of a set where a functional class
is defined is a rather usual circumstance of those description. One of the possible test for
approximation is a question whether the rate of it permits to recognise the functional class
under consideration. We have investigated approximation of classes of smooth functions on
a countable union segments on the real axis by means of entire functions of exponential
type. The present paper is devoted to a proof of the so-called inverse theorem, i. e. to the
finding out a scale of smoothness of functions with the help of a rate of its approximation
by entire functions.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 5(63); Issue 3

value: smooth functions

value: entire functions

value: approximation


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasilieva, Ekaterina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasilieva E.V. Stability of periodic points of diffeomorphisms of multidimensional space. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 356–366.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We study a diffeomorphism of a multidimensional space into itself with a hyperbolic fixed
point at the origin and a non-transversal homoclinic to it point. From the works of Sh. Newhouse,
B. F. Ivanov, L. P. Shilnikov and other authors it follows that under a certain method of tangency of the stable and unstable manifolds, a neighborhood of a non-transversal homoclinic
point can contain an infinite set of stable periodic points, but at least one of the
characteristic exponents of these points tends to zero with increasing period. In this paper,
we study diffeomorphisms for which the method of tangency of the stable and unstable
manifolds differs from the case studied in the works of the above-mentioned authors. This
paper is a continuation of the author’s previous works, in which diffeomorphisms were
studied, whose Jacobi matrices at the origin had only real eigenvalues. Conditions were
obtained under which the neighborhood of a non-transversal homoclinic point of such diffeomorphism
contains an infinite set of stable periodic points with characteristic separated
from zero. In this paper, it is assumed that the Jacobi matrix of the original diffeomorphism
at the origin has not only real eigenvalues, but also a non-unique pair of complex
conjugate eigenvalues. Under this assumption, conditions are obtained for the presence in
the neighborhood of a non-transversal homoclinic point of an infinite set of stable periodic
points with characteristic exponents separated from zero.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант 16-01-00452).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: multidimensional diffeomorphism

value: hyperbolic point

value: non-transversal homoclinic point

value: stability

dc.type

value: Article


title: On the 70th anniversary of Aleksander L’vovich Fradkov


dc.contributor.author

value: Zviagitceva, Tatiana E.

value: Pliss, Viktor A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zviagitceva T. E., Pliss V.A. Conditions for the two limit cycles existence in a system with hysteresis nonlinearity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 402–410.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, a two-dimensional automatic control system containing a single nonlinear
hysteresis element of the general form is considered. Phase space of the system is a manifold
with boundary consisting of two connected sheets. Existence of manifold boundary is
conditioned by the motion of the phase point along hysteresis loop. This work is a continuation
of the paper “Conditions for the global stability of a single system with hysteresis
nonlinearity” published previously by the authors, where it is shown that under some conditions
on the functions defining hysteresis such system is in a way globally stable. This paper
presents sufficient conditions for considered system to have at least two limit cycles. Three
closed contours embedded into each other are constructed in order to prove the existence
of cycles on the phase manifold. The contours are composed of the pieces of the level lines
of various Lyapunov functions. The inner contour is crossed by system trajectories from
the outside to the inside, the middle contour is crossed by the trajectories from the inside
to the outside. The outer contour is crossed by the system trajectories from the outside to
the inside. The existence of such contours proves the presence of at least two limit cycles
in the system.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при частичной финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант № 16-01-00452).

dc.subject

value: system with hysteresis

value: limit cycle

value: Lyapunov’s second method


dc.contributor.author

value: Skiba, Nikolay V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Skiba N.V. Review of micromechanisms of plastic deformation in nanotwinned materials. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 489–493.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A brief review of the theoretical models which describe specific plastic deformation micromechanisms
in nanotwinned materials is suggested. Novel nanotwinned materials (ultrafine-
grained metallic materials with high-density ensembles of nanoscale twins within
grains) exhibit simultaneously high strength and good ductility at room temperature.
These characteristics of nanotwinned metals are very important for practical applications.
However, micromechanisms responsible for the unique combination of high strength and
ductility in nanotwinned metals have not yet been determined and represent the subject
of intensive discussions. According to experimental data, the specific deformation mechanisms
operate in nanotwinned materials. One of the specific deformation mechanisms in nanotwinned metals is widening of nanoscale twins due to stress-driven migration of twin
boundaries. Another specific deformation mechanism in nanotwinned metals is detwinning
process which was experimentally observed by several research groups in nanotwinned copper
(Cu). In the framework of the models, micromechanism of nanotwin widening due to
coherent twin boundary migration and detwinning micromechanism through migration of
incoherent twin boundaries in nanotwinned materials are considered. Results of the theoretical
models demonstrate good agreement with corresponding experimental data.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант 16-32-60110) и Министерства образования и науки (задание 16.3483.2017/ПЧ).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 5(63); Issue 3

dc.subject

value: deformation mechanisms

value: nanotwinned materials

value: nanotwins

value: twin boundaries

value: plastic deformation


dc.contributor.author

value: Vallander, Sergey S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vallander S. S. Spectrum of a separable Dynkin algebra and topology on it. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 351–355.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We continue a preparation to the construction of generalized axiomatics of probability theory,
begined in previous papers of author. Our approach is based on the investigation of set
systems more general than usual set algebras and their Boolean versions. We name them
Dynkin algebras. The spectrum of separable Dynkin algebra and appropriate Grothendieck
topology on it are introduced. Separable Dynkin algebras constitute a natural class of a
abstract Dynkin algebras defined by author previously. A structural result was received in
this mentioned paper: every separable Dynkin algebra is a union of its maximal Boolean
subalgebras. In this paper, we define, basing on this result, the spectrum of a separable
Dynkin algebra and an appropriate Grothendieck topology on it. The corresponding constructions
are similar to the construction of the simple spectrum of a commutative ring and
that of the Zariski topology on it. The analogy here is incomplete: Zariski topology makes
the spectrum of a commutative ring to be a usual topological space while Grothendieck
topology, which is not a topology in usual sense, transforms the spectrum of a Dynkin
algebra into a more abstract object (site or situs via Grothendieck). This is sufficient for
our aims.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: separable Dynkin algebras

value: spectrum of a separable Dynkin algebra

value: Grothendieck topology on spectrum

dc.title

value: Article


title: In memoriam of Roman Nikolaevich Miroshin

dc.description.abstract

filename: 18-Miroshin(In Memoriam).pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Malozemov, Vassili N.

value: Plotkin, Artem V.

value: Tamasyan, Grigoriy Sh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malozemov V.N., Plotkin A.V., Tamasyan G. Sh. On the strong continuity of convex functions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 411–416.

value:
A convex function defined on an open convex set is known to be continuous at every
point of this set. In actuality, a convex function has a strengthened continuity property.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of strong continuity and demonstrate that a convex
function possesses this property. The proof is based only on the definition of convexity and
the Jensen’s inequality. A distinct constant (constant of strong continuity) is included in
the definition of strong continuity. In the article, we give an unimprovable value for this
constant in the case of convex functions. The constant of strong continuity depends, in
particular, on the form of the norm introduced in the space of the arguments of a convex
function. Polyhedral norm is of particular interest. With its use the constant of strong
continuity can be easily calculated. This requires a finite number of values of the convex
function.

dc.subject

value: convex function

value: strong continuity

value: constant of strong continuity


title: In memoriam of Nikolay Vasil’evich Voshhinnikov

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 5(63); Issue 3

filename: 17-Voshchinnikov(In Memoriam).pdf


title: On anniversary of Vladimir Gilelevich Maz’ya


dc.contributor.author

value: Zaporozhets, Dmitry N.

value: Ibragimov, Ildar A.

value: Lifshits, Mikhail A.

value: Nazarov, Aleksandr I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zaporozhets D.N., Ibragimov I.A., Lifshits M.A., Nazarov A. I. To the history of Saint-Petersburg school of Probability and Statistics. II. Random processes and dependent variables. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 367–401.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This is the second article in a series of surveys devoted to the scientific achievements of
the Leningrad— Saint-Petersburg school of Probability and Statistics during the period
from 1947 to 2017. It is devoted to the works on limit theorems for dependent variables,
in particular Markov chains, mixing sequences, the sequences admitting a martingale approximation,
and to various topics in the theory of random processes with special emphasis
on Gaussian processes, including isoperimetric inequalities, estimates of small deviation inequalities
with respect to various norms, and the functional law of the iterated logarithm.
We give a short survey and provide a bibliography concerning approximation of the random
fields of growing parametric dimension and probabilistic models of gravitational systems of
sticky particles including the laws of large numbers and the estimates for large deviation
probabilities.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при частичной финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант №16-01-00258) и СПбГУ (грант СПбГУ— ННИО 6.65.37.2017).

dc.subject

value: limit theorem for dependent variables

value: Gaussian processes

value: small deviation probabilities

value: approximation of processes in growing parametric dimension

value: sticky particle systems


dc.contributor.author

value: Kholshevnikov, Konstantin V.

value: Shchepalova, Anastasiia S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kholshevnikov K.V., Shchepalova A. S. On distances between orbits of planets and asteroids. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 509–523.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In various astronomical problems it is required to estimate a proximity of celestial bodies
orbits. It can serve as a criterion of a common origin (usually of a parent body fragmentation).
Several submetrics were proposed for this goal in the latter half of the 20th century.
We call submetric a function defined for each pair of Keplerian orbits, and satisfying the
first two axioms of metric space, but not obligatory the third, triangle axiom. It was shown
during the last decade that for each of the proposed submetrics one can indicate an open set
of orbital pairs for which this key axiom violates. Recently new metrics were constructed
satisfying all axiom of mertric space, as well as induced by them metrics in widespread
in celestial mechanics factor-spaces of the space of non-rectilinear Keplerian orbits. In the
present paper we extended to examine properties of considered submetrics and metrics;
calculated corresponding subdistances and distances between planetary orbits in the Solar
System; calculated distances between all pairs of orbits of numbered asteroids (in the space
of orbits, as well as in its three subspaces); calculated distances between the orbit of the
Chelyabinsk body and orbits of all numbered asteroids.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена с использованием оборудования Вычислительного центра Научного парка СПбГУ при финансовой поддержке РНФ (грант 18-12-00050).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: metrics

value: Keplerian orbit

value: asteroid

value: distance between orbits

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Belyaev, Аlexander K.

value: Morozov, Nikita F.

value: Tovstik, Petr E.

value: Tovstik, Tatiana P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belyaev A.K., Morozov N.F., Tovstik P.E., Tovstik T. P. Stability of а flexible vertical rod on the vibrating support. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 477–488.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The classic Kapitsa problem is generalized to the case of inverted flexible pendulum. A thin
homogeneous vertical elastic rod with a free upper end is considered for (i) simply supported
and (ii) clamped support. In the both support cases a rod motion under action of its weight
and vertical harmonic vibrations of the support is studied. The stability conditions of the
vertical rod position are obtained. The influence of both axial and bending vibrations is
taken into account, with the Bernoulli—Euler beam model being applied for modeling the
bending effects. The solution is presented as a Fourier expansion using the eigen-functions
of auxiliary boundary value problems. As a result the problem is reduced to a system of
ordinary differential equations with periodic coefficients containing a small parameter. The
asymptotic method of two-scale expansions is utilized for its solution and for determining
the critical level of the support vibration. It is established that the longitudinal waves
influence essentially decrease the critical level of vibrations. Calculations show that the
one-mode approximation has an acceptable exactness. The explicit approximate solution is
obtained in the case of simply support of a lower rod end. For the clamper end a numerical
analysis of the critical level of vibrations on the problem parameters is performed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (гранты 16.01.00580-а, 16.51.52025 МНТ-а).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 5(63); Issue 3

dc.subject

value: flexible Kapitsa pendulum

value: compressed rod

value: bending vibrations

value: longitudinal vibrations

value: two-scale asymptotic expansions


dc.contributor.author

value: Frolov, Andrei N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Frolov A.N. On inequalities for probabilities of joint occurrence of several events. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 464–476.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Various inequalities for probabilities of joint occurrence of several events are widely used in
combinatorial analysis, probability theory and numerous applications. We derive a method
for construction of upper and lower bounds for probabilities that r from n events occur. We
use resolutions of those probabilities in sums of positive items and bound them separately.
This yields new inequalities sharper than earlier ones which correspond to trivial resolutions.
New inequalities are optimal. There exist examples which show that they may turn to
equalities. Note that the method will give more sharp bounds when the number of moments increases. But this imply more difficult calculations as well. By the same method, similar
bounds are obtained for conditional probabilities of corresponding events given a σ-field.
Here, the accuracy of bounds also increases when one enlarges the numbers of moments
under consideration. Taking an expectation from both parts of inequalities for conditional
probabilities, one can derive sharper bounds for unconditional probabilities.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект 18-01-00393).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Bonferroni inequalities

value: probabilities of union of events

value: probabilities of joint occurrence of events


dc.contributor.author

value: Pakhteev, Artem I.

value: Stepanov, Alexei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pakhteev A. I., Stepanov A.V. Generation of large sequences of normal record values and maxima. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 431–440.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In our recent paper (2018), algorithms of generation of normal record values were developed.
It was shown there that the developed algorithms are more efficient and speedy than
all existing at that time algorithms of generation of normal record values. Presented in this
paper algorithm 2.2 is the most efficient algorithm amongst the algorithms of the paper of
Pakhteev and Stepanov. It allows to generate “large” sequences of record values (up to two
billion record values). In the present paper, two algorithms of generation of normal maxima
are proposed. One of the proposed algorithms is based on algorithm 2.2. It also allows to
generate maxima of samples of “large” sizes. An algorithm of generation of record times in
general continuous case is also proposed in the present paper.

dc.subject

value: records

value: maxima

value: normal distribution

value: rejection method

value: inverse-transform method

value: generation techniques

value: elapsed time

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tovstik, Tatiana M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tovstik T.M. Linear Kalman—Bucy filter with an autoregressive signal and noise. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 452–463.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the Kalman—Bucy filter problem the observed process consists of a sum of a signal and
of a noise. The filter begins simultaneously with the beginning of observation, and it is
necessary to estimate a signal. As a rule, this problem is studied both for scalar and for
vector Markovian processes. In this paper, the scalar linear problem is considered, but a
signal and a noise are independent stationary autoregressive processes with orders larger
than unit. The recurrent equations for the filter process, for its error, and for its condition correlations are obtained. These recurrent equations contain the previous estimates and
some last observed data. The optimal definition of initial data is proposed. The algebraic
equations for the limit values of the filter error and for the limit cross-correlations are
delivered. The roots of these equations lead to a criterion of the filter process convergence.
Some examples at that the filter process converges or not converges are given. The Monte-
Carlo method is used for a control of theoretical formulas for the filter and its error.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант 17-01-00267а).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 5(63); Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Kalman—Bucy filter

value: autoregressive processes of high order


dc.contributor.author

value: Nurmagomedov, Alim A.

value: Rasulov, Nabiyullah K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nurmagomedov A.A., Rasulov N.K. Double-sided to Lebesgue function of Fourier sums by polynomials orthogonal on non-uniform grids. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 417–430.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Let Ω = {t0, t1, . . . , tN} and ΩN = {x0, x1, . . . , xN−1}, where xj = (tj + tj+1)/2, j =
0, 1, . . . , N − 1 are any systems of different points from [−1, 1]. For arbitrary continuous
function f(x) on the segment [−1, 1] discrete Fourier sums is constructed by a system
of polynomials {ˆpk,N(x)}N−1
k=0 forming an orthonormal system on non-uniform system of
points ΩN consisting of a finite number of N points from segment [−1, 1] with weight
Δtj = tj+1 − tj . We have found an order for Lebesgue function Ln,N(x) of the growing
discrete Fourier sums Sn,N(f, x) for n = O(δ
−2/7
N ), δN = max0
≤j≤N−1 Δtj. Namely, a
double-sided pointwise estimate for Lebesgue function Ln,N(x) with is depended from n
and position of a point x on the [−1, 1] is obtained.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: polynomial

value: orthogonal system

value: set

value: asymptotic formula

value: discrete Fourier sums

value: Lebesgue function


dc.contributor.author

value: Pashkevich, Vladimir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pashkevich V.V. Rigid body rotation in relativistic approximation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2018, vol. 5 (63), issue 3, pp. 494–508.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this research, relativistic rotation of a rigid body, which is generated by metric properties
of Riman space of general relativity, is studied. The main purpose of this investigation
is to obtain Lagrange function for the relativistic rotation of a rigid body. In order to
attain this aims the whole system of point masses mi, in which a certain set of point
masses dmn forms an “absolutely rigid body” mn in such a way that the condition of a
constant distance between any two point masses from the set of point masses dmn holds,
was investigated. In this case, the body mn can rotate around its own center of mass
with angular velocity |ω| ≥ 0. The remaining point masses mj from the set mi are point
bodies, which do not rotate. Lagrange function for the relativistic rotation of a rigid body
is deriving from Lagrange function of the non-rotation point of masses system in the postnewtonian
approximation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке в рамках сотрудничества между ЦКИ ПАН
и ГАО РАН и персональных грантов Александра Бжезиньского и Иоланты Настулы.

value: rigid body rotation

value: Lagrange function

value: Riman space

value: general relativity

value: postnewtonian approximation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vlasova, Natalia O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vlasova, Natalia. “Letters from the 1920s: Contributions to the history of the first performances of Schreker’s, Berg’s and Krenek’s operas in Russia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 381–98.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the musical life of Leningrad and Moscow in the second half of the
1920s. During this time the Soviet Russia re-established connections with the West that had
been disrupted in the years after the beginning of the First World War. Concerts of contemporary
music were arranged, including modern music by European composers. Many
of them came to the USSR to perform their works. This article presents new documents
from the Austrian National Library and Vienna Library in the City Hall (Wienbibliothek im
Rathaus). These documents are related to the first stagings of operas by Austrian composers
Franz Schreker (“Der ferne Klang”), Alban Berg (“Wozzek”) and Ernst Krenek (“Der Sprung
über den Schatten”, “Jonny spielt auf ”) in the Soviet Union in the 1920s. The documents include
letters from a renowned Soviet musicologist and composer Boris Asaf ’yev to Schreker
and Berg, from a musicologist Viktor Belaiev to Berg and Krenek, from a theatre director
Nikolai Smolitch and a conductor Samuil Samosud to Krenek regarding the stagings of the
abovementioned operas in Leningrad, their public receptions, details of their performances
as well as plans for prospective opera productions in Leningrad and Moscow. The documents,
contributing to the existing publications, and in some cases correcting them, shed
light on personal and professional contacts between Russian and Austrian musicians in the
1920s, and reconstruct the cultural context of the period. Moreover, they enable to clarify
some facts related to the stage life of these opera productions and the reception of Western European music in the Soviet Russia. The article is accompanied by unique pictorial material.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: musical life of Leningrad in the 1920s

value: musical theatre in the USSR

value: opera premieres in Leningrad

value: Boris Asaf ’yev

value: Viktor Belaiev

value: Franz Schreker

value: Alban Berg

value: Ernst Krenek

value: correspondence

value: Russian-Austrian musical connections


dc.contributor.author

value: Sergienko, Elena A.

value: Kharlamenkova, Natalia E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sergienko E. A., Kharlamenkova N. E. Psychological factors of well-being aging. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology and Education, 2018, vol. 8, issue 3, pp. 243–257.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The work is devoted to the psychological factors of well-being aging, which is considered as an
indicator of psychological health. The generalization of researches demonstrates the importance
of coping factors with psychotraumatism and the role of flexible age identity (subjective
age of a person) in overcoming growing diseases, mental problems (depression, loneliness),
an ability not only to maintain vitality, but also a high quality of life, aspiration for self-realization.
The data show a close relationship between the quality of life and subjective age, which
indicates the essential role of subjective age identity for maintaining physical, psychological
health, social relations, environmental assessment and its safety in the elderly and senile. The
relationship between subjective age and health is mediated by a number of physiological factors
(working capacity), and psychological factors (self-efficacy, self-esteem, flexibility in assessing
the situation). Reducing self-esteem of health leads the elderly to wider use of social
comparison to enhance the “physical-I”, which is often a buffer against the negative effects
of physical symptoms affecting the self-esteem of health. Reducing the subjective age allows
older people to expand their opportunities, to remain active members of society, to counteract
negative stereotypes of aging and the processes of aging. Studies have shown that, on the
one hand, an elderly person may lack help and attention from other people, but, on the other
hand, becomes selective in choosing a subject of social support, who can provide it. In the
period of late adulthood, the life experience of a person is individualized and differentiated
and endowed with such features that make it appear to a person as a unique life experience.
Social support in this case, usually, is universal and not always adjusted in accordance with
a specific request. It is shown that the aging period is a special period of ontogenesis, with a
characteristic reorganization of all human resources and their integration for successful aging.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ, грант 17-29-02155.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology and Education;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: well-being aging

value: coping

value: psycho-traumatization

value: psychological resources

value: subjective age

value: elderly and old people

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shchukina, Mariia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shchukina M. A. B. G. Ananyev’s forecasts and modern psychology trends. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology and Education, 2018, vol. 8, issue 3, pp. 258–270.

dc.description.abstract

value:
B. G. Ananyev’s forecasts about the future of psychology in connection with modern models
of the development of psychological science and practice are discussed. The relevance of a
primary number of forecasts of B. G. Ananyev is emphasized. Achievements, prospects, and
problems of the movement of psychological knowledge of the development trajectories designated
by it are shown. Regarding the discussion of the forecast about an increase in the
status of psychology in the general system of scientific knowledge it is told about signs of its
correctness, but also about risks of a breinization and technologization of a subject of psychology,
threat of loss of its originality in cross-disciplinary researches. The forecast for the creation of the new theory of psyche and consciousness, including the development of the
system of “mental elements” is considered. Dialogical processes in the interaction of schools,
approaches, paradigms in psychology are noted. At the same time difficulties in the creation of
integrated mental models are specified. In the discussion of the forecast about the expansion
of work of psychological services questions of an institutionalizing, substantial validity and
ethical safety of psychological practice which solution is important for overcoming a critical
spirit in society concerning psychological services are brought up. In this regard ambiguity of
forecasts about the creation of a scientific basis of the design of the personality and about use
of achievements of psychology for forecasting of future person is shown. Their embodiment
demands from a psychological community of support on knowledge of regularities, reserves,
and resources of human development for the offer to society of socially productive projects of
personal development not compatible with social manipulation. The attention is drawn to the
implementation of forecasts about the enrichment of developments in the field of intelligence:
human and artificial. Along with the advantages of a technological intensification of development
of science risks of technocratic reductionism in a knowledge of the person, overcoming
the nature of “kiborgization” of the person are discussed. It is a specified discrepancy of the
orientation of the development of natural intelligence, aggravation of intellectual stratification
in the modern world.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev

value: forecast

value: future of psychology

value: tendency

value: problem

value: risks

value: achievements


dc.contributor.author

value: Zavyalova, Anna E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zavyalova, Anna. “The works of Arnold Böcklin in the art of Alexander Benois”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 420–36.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is the first attempt to examine the question of the influence of Arnold Böcklin’s
works on Alexander Benois in symbolic and mythological aspects. On the basis of the artist’s
memoirs, the source of Benois’s acquaintance with the art of Böcklin was revealed and analyzed
— the black-and-white reproduction of the painting “Isle of the Dead” in the Munich
magazine “Die Kunst fűr alle”. Employing formal and stylistic analysis, the author came to the
conclusion that this reproduction had an impact on such graphic works by Benois as “Castle”,
“Castle. Two Towers”, “The tombstone of the Fool”. The images of the fauns in the paintings
by Böсklin had an influence on similar images in the works by Benois (“Gardens of Diana”,
the sketch for the cover of the collection “The Book of a New Theater”, “Apollo and Daphne”).
Based on the complex method combining formal and stylistic observations with the analysis of Benois’s diaries, his works on the history of European art and archival documents (the
inventory of Benois’ art collection), the author concluded that the images of fauns in Benois’s
works were also influenced by similar images in the works by Nicolas Poussin and Giovanni
Benedetto Castiglione. The article also explores for the first time how Richard Muther’s views
on Böcklin’s art (described in R. Muther’s book “The History of Painting in the 19 Century”)
affected Benois’s perception of Böcklin. It has been established that it was Muther’s words
about the mythological characters in the works of Böcklin that influenced the images of ancient
mythology and even folklore in Benois’s art (sheets “Letter ‘L’: Forest, Moon, Lechy”
and “Letter ‘O’: Lake” from “The Alphabet in the pictures of Alexander Benois”, “Apollo and
Daphne”).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 3

value: Alexandre Benois

value: Arnold Böcklin

value: Russian art of the late 19th — early 20th century

value: symbolism

value: neoclassicism

value: Richard Muther

value: landscape

value: mythological images


title: Dostoevsky’s tragic motifs in the theatre of Chekhov: “The Brothers Karamazov” by Nemirovich-Danchenko (Moscow Art Theatre, 1910)

dc.contributor.author

value: Markaryan, Olga E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Markaryan, Olga. “Dostoevsky’s tragic motifs in the theatre of Chekhov: ‘The Brothers Karamazov’ by Nemirovich-Danchenko (Moscow Art Theatre, 1910)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 399–410.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the performance “The Karamazov Brothers” directed by Vladimir Nemirovich-
Danchenko in Moscow Art Theatre in 1910, which had become the first stage interpretation
of prose. Dostoevsky’s novels were widely discussed, especially with regard to its
affinity with the genre of tragedy. Moscow Art Theatre had been formed within Chekhov’s
principles, finding poetry in everyday life — which was far from the classical criteria of tragedy.
The theatre often came in for criticism for unsuccessful attempts to stage a tragedy. So this
genre posed a challenge for the theatre. Nemirovich-Dancheko in search of forms of tragedy
resorted to Dostoevsky’s works. Obviously, there was an initial conflict between the principles
of the theatre and the literary material. This conflict brings us to the fundamental problem of
the theatre studies: whether tragic genre is compatible with conventional theatre or not. The
article reveals that that the fundamental conflict between the aesthetics of conventional theatre
and tragic outlook of Dostoevsky is insoluble. However, the theatrical potential of his prose
enables actors of psychological style to rise to the level of the tragedy. The crisis of catharsis
(major element of tragedy), which the theatre experienced at the turn of XX century — was
resolved in the conventional theatre of “life truth”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Dostoevsky

value: catharsis

value: conventional theatre

value: Vyacheslav Ivanov

value: Moscow Art Theatre

value: Nemirovich-Danchenko

value: prose staging

value: tragedy

value: tragic

value: psychological theatre

dc.type

value: Article


title: “L’Ornement mystérieux” and Mark Kroll’s revision of the French baroque performance practice

dc.contributor.author

value: Panov, Alexei A.

value: Rosanoff, Ivan V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Panov, Alexei, and Ivan Rosanoff . “‘L’Ornement mystérieux’ and Mark Kroll’s revision of the French baroque performance practice”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 328–55.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The interpretation of ornaments has always attracted much attention of scholars and performers.
Many Baroque musicians in their turn took pains to provide an explanation of ornaments
realized in notation. Tables of these musicians have been thoroughly studied over the last one
hundred fifty years, particularly, François Couperin’s table “Explication des Agrémens, et des
Signes” which he included in his “Pieces de Clavecin” (1713). The authors of the present article
came across a paper “L’Ornement mystérieux” by Mark Kroll published in Early Music 45,
no. 2 (2017): 297–309. At first glance this work seemed to present a solidly founded hypothesis
pertaining to the execution of one of Couperin’s ornaments, namely, to the “compound
ornament” marked by the combination of a trill with a turn written above it: . According
to M. Kroll’s new hypothesis, this compound ornament should be performed not in the traditionally
accepted manner when the trill is performed first, and the turn — afterwards, but
in the reverse order. Practically everywhere Kroll names this ornament also in the reverse
version: “doublé/tremblement”. The purpose of the present article is to prove that the new hypothesis
is basically unacceptable. Kroll did not pay due attention to the research of sources,
relying only on four of them, while there were many more. In addition, the study of other very
important historical sources showed that the turn was performed at the end of the “compound
ornament” marked by the sign . Therefore, this conclusion also attests that the previous recommendations
by A. Farrenc, A. Dolmetsch, P. Brunold, A. Geoffroy-Dechaume, K. Gilbert,
Fr. Neumann, D. Tunley and other musicians, despite the fact that they were criticized by
Kroll, on the whole, were correct.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-012-00208.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: French Baroque music

value: French harpsichord music

value: Baroque performance practice

value: François Couperin

value: L’Ornement mystérieux

value: ornamentation

value: Tremblement et Double

value: the compound ornament

value: doublé/tremblement


dc.contributor.author

value: Folomeeva, Tatyana V.

value: Fedotova, Svetlana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Folomeeva T. V., Fedotova S. V. Features of the persons’ images of different social statuses among young people. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology and Education, 2018, vol. 8, issue 3, pp. 312–322.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the socio-psychological analysis of social status through the prism of
typical specimen’s images of a high and low-status person which are essential for the youths.
The data was collected via essays written by respondents (n = 70) on the theme “typical representative
of high and low status”. The data was processed using the thematic modeling method
(Latent Dirichlet allocation), and the content analysis method was applied, in which the semantic
units of images were identified and analyzed. The main components of the images
were: behavioral characteristics of a person, objective sources of social status, features of appearance,
non-verbal behavior, personality qualities and feelings of such people. The categories
of “personality quality” and “feelings” which were attributed to these images are psychological
components in the phenomenon of social status. So it requires additional study and
analysis. At this stage of the study, it was established that the qualities of the personality that
were cited by the respondents are a necessary condition for entering and staying in a status
group, whereas feelings are, rather, a consequence of a person’s belonging to a particular status.
A significant emotional saturation of the images of high-status and a low-status person
we found. It can be a consequence of the presence of two different meanings of a social status
phenomenon: one is considered by a person as accepted in society and associated with the
material component (negative); the second is based on individual interpretation schemes and
is associated with socially significant activities (positive).

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ, проект № 17-06-00980.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology and Education;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: social status

value: social perception

value: inequality

value: miscellaneous research methods

dc.title

value: Article


title: Rebellion of Caius Iulius Vindex against Emperor Nero

dc.contributor.author

value: Królczyk, Krzysztof

dc.identifier.citation

value: Królczyk K. Rebellion of Caius Iulius Vindex Against Emperor Nero. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 858–871.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the rebellion led by Caius Iulius Vindex (the governor of the Roman
province of Gaul) against emperor Nero. Vindex, who was disheartened with the policy of the
princeps, wanted Nero’s place on the Roman throne to be taken by a person worthy of being a
proper successor to Caesar and Augustus. This was the main reason for his revolt, which began
in the middle of March 68 AD. Vindex’s insurgence was largely supported by the Gauls and
the governor of the province of Hispania Tarraconensis, i.e. Servius Sulpicius Galba. However,
his troops were crushed by the joint contingent from Upper and Lower Germany under the
command of L. Verginius Rufus in the battle of Vesontio, which took place between the end
of April and the middle of May 68 AD (the exact date cannot be established). As a result,
C. Iulius Vindex committed suicide. Nevertheless, the anti-emperor movement started by Vindex
grew stronger, and eventually Nero, abandoned by everyone, took his own life on June 9,
and Vindex’s former ally, Galba, became the new emperor. The principal goal of the rebellion,
i.e. replacing Nero with a new ruler of a better character was ultimately achieved, albeit after
Vindex’s tragic death. These events were also a prelude to “the long year” (annus longus) or the
so called “the year of the four emperors”. After his death, the leader of the anti-Nero revolt was
honored by the new emperor Galba with a public funeral. Until the times of the late antiquity,
the person of Caius Iulius Vindex had embodied in Roman collective memory an indomitable
freedom defender (adsertor libertatis), who desired the good of the Roman Empire and the
entire gens humana.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
A preliminary version of this text was prepared in Polish within the scholar grant “The Transformation
of the Roman Empire under the Flavian Dynasty” funded by Department of Scientific Research of the Polish
Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Nr. 108 058335).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Vindex

value: Nero

value: Roman Empire

value: rebellion

value: revolt

value: 68 AD


dc.contributor.author

value: Gueniffey, Patrice

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gueniffey P. A History of Violence in the French Revolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 908–916.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the French Revolution was to reform the Old Regime of absolute monarchy according
to the principles of Enlightenment. It succeeded but also brought about terrible fits
of violence. This contradiction had always challenged the judgement of the contemporary
witnesses as well as the reflection of subsequent historians. Was it the result of a fortuitous
drift due to the circumstances (fierce resistance of the counter-revolution, unexpected conflict
with the Church, unwished wars with European monarchies)? Was it an expression of the
barbaric standards of the people under the Old Regime? Or was it a necessary consequence
of the very option of a radical rational revolution? This article demonstrates that violence was
inevitable but the circumstances made it much worse. Four unexpected events contributed to
the radicalization of the Revolution: the decree of the 27th November 1790 on the reorganization
of the Church; the flight of Louis XVI to Varennes (20−21 June 1791); the election of
inexperienced new deputies in the Legislative Assembly which succeeded the “Constituante”
in October 1791; the declaration of the war to Austria on 20th April 1792. Nonetheless, above
all, in a completely new context the competition for power and the ill-fated role played by a
limited group of publicists triggered, the disastrous spiral which led to the Terror.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: French revolution

value: violence

value: Terror

value: publicists

value: Robespierre

value: Marat


dc.contributor.author

value: Kangaspuro, Larisa V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kangaspuro L. V. The Influence of the Revolutionary Changes on Crime and Punishment in Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 763–770.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article discusses the punitive policy of the Russian Tsarist government in the early 20th
century as a result of the confrontation between the authorities and the revolutionary forces.
Following Michel Foucault’s argument, the starting point of this study is that the prison reflects
the society and the changes within it. Authoritarianism in late imperial society was not
left unchallenged. In the course of the Great Reforms of Alexander II, the prison reform played
an important role. The reduction of the number of prisoners and the gradual improvement in
the conditions of their detention was interrupted by events that began during the First Russian
Revolution of 1905. Under its shadow, the revolutionary movement awoke and activated all
kind of crime. The result was a large increase in the number of inmates in Russian prisons.
However, a series of unfortunate circumstances, such as an epidemic, the First World War and
the last two of the revolutions finally undermined the Russian penitentiary system that was
still in the making. The paper applies a holistic approach to the Russian penitentiary system. It
utilizes a broad range of sources ranging from legislator memorandums and reports of officials
of the Tsarist prison administration to expert opinions published in special journals. It also
uses statistical data for quantitative analysis to contextualize separate features in the prison
system. Analysis of not only historical and political development in the late Imperial Russia
but also of philosophical and legal concepts makes this research a multidisciplinary study.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the Academy of Finland, grant No. 311205

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

value: Late Russian Empire

value: revolutionary changes of 1905–1917

value: prison

value: punitive policy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dolgov, Vadim V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dolgov V. V. Haberdashery History of the Ukrainian Army. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 972–982.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The book reviewed in this article is a popular scholarly publication dedicated to the history
of the Ukrainian army from the Paleolithic period to the events in the East Ukraine in
2014–2015. The publication is the result of the work of the civil educational project “LIKBEZ.
Historical front”. “LIKBEZ” is an independent non-profit association of Ukrainian historians
whose main aim is the defense of their country at the ideological battlefields. The article
perceives the book as a source on the history of the ideological confrontation between Russia
and Ukraine after the collapse of the USSR. The author analyzes propagandistic techniques
and clichés used by modern ideologists to construct a new Ukrainian identity. According to
the reviewer, the book provides a good overview of the facts on the material side of military
life (uniform, badges of rank, elements of clothing décor). At the same time, the concept of
development of the Ukrainian armed forces is completely inferior to the needs of propaganda,
and does not have solid academic grounding. There are several major criticisms of the book:
1) the beginning of the history of the Ukrainian army cannot be related to the Paleolithic
time. It is impossible to trace authentically cultural and genetic connection of the population
of modern Ukraine to its Paleolithic inhabitants; 2) the military art of Ancient Rus’ should be
studied not only on the basis of artifacts from the territory “over the Dnieper”, but also on the
materials from the North of Russia and Novgorod; 3) the book exaggerates the influence of
the European military culture of modern times on the Ukrainian army; 4) the authors neglect
the decisive role of the Red Army in the liberation of Ukraine from the Nazis. The allies of
the Nazis, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and R. Shukhevych, are claimed to be the greatest
heroes of the Ukrainian people in the book. Such an approach seems to be one-sided. The
Ukrainians constituted about 20% of combatants taking part in the warfare within the Soviet
army. 2,5 millions of Ukrainians were awarded military decorations, more than two thousands
of whom were given the Hero of the Soviet Union awards. To neglect the military feats of the
Ukrainians who fought in the Red Army and liberated the World from the Nazi threat is absolutely
inappropriate.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: military history

value: Ukraine

value: historical myths

value: national identity

value: propaganda


dc.contributor.author

value: Baryshnikov, Vladimir N.

value: Borisenko, Viktor N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baryshnikov V. N., Borisenko V. N. Civil War in Finland and Сolonel Svechnikov. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 917–934.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Events related to the history of the Finnish Civil War of 1918, are, undoubtedly, of research
interest. This war was the first such kind of military-social clash in the territory of the former
Russian Empire and presented a very bloody display of internal confrontation, which characterized
the Finnish society of the observed period. However, there are still no real analytical
researches in the national literature, especially concerning military aspects of the Civil
War. Many historians traditionally ascribe the determinant role in the victory of the white
movement to the merits of Mannerheim. Much less attention is devoted to the organizational
abilities of the former Russian army colonel Svechnikov who was the main coordinator of
the activities of the Finnish Red Guard during the war. It was thanks to him that the Red
Guards managed to stabilize the front and prevent the breakthrough of Mannerheim’s troops
in February-March 1918 to the most vital southern regions of Finland. As a result, on March
20, Mannerheim was forced to send a request to the German military command to “speed up
the arrival” of regular units of the German army to Finland. This appeal was justified by the
fact that “procrastination is fatal” for the white movement in Finland. Thus, the analysis of the
activities of Colonel Svechnikov clearly indicates that he turned out to be a very worthy opponent
to Mannerheim. The defeat of the Reds was mainly the result of the German military
intervention that began on April 3, 1918.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The paper was written with the support of St. Petersburg State University, project N 11749809.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Civil War in Finland

value: Soviet-Finnish relations

value: independence of Finland

value: C. G. Mannerheim

value: M. S. Svechnikov

value: R. von der Goltz

value: Russian troops

value: Finnish Red Guard

value: Finnish White Guard


title: Revolutionary Russia in American Eyes

dc.contributor.author

value: Foglesong, David S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Foglesong D. S. Revolutionary Russia in American Eyes. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 957–971.

dc.description.abstract

value:
To mark the centenary of the Russian revolutions of 1917, American publishers released several
new histories in 2017, including a massive study by the distinguished scholar Laura Engelstein
and a lengthy account by the prolific author Sean McMeekin. This article develops a
critical perspective on the books by Engelstein and McMeekin by setting them in the context
of other scholarship and by contrasting them to the views presented by American witnesses
of the Russian revolutions. The review essay focuses primarily on three major issues: the nature
of the February Revolution; the relationship between the Bolsheviks and Germany; and
foreign intervention in the Russian Civil War. It argues that there are serious problems in
McMeekin’s and Engelstein’s treatments of those issues. Their presentation of the revolution of
February 1917 as a political event rather than a social transformation, McMeekin’s depiction
of the Bolsheviks as pawns of Imperial Germany, and both authors’ downplaying of American
interventions in Russia ignore the views of Americans who were in Petrograd at the time, and
disregard much important scholarship published since the 1960s. By drawing on those eyewitness
accounts and historical studies, this article reminds scholars of how the February Revolution
both reflected and stimulated a profound change in many Russians’ ways of thinking,
how Americans as well as Germans funded propaganda campaigns in Russia in 1917, and how
the United States intervened in the Russian civil war in several other ways, with the ultimate
objective of restoring a democratic or at least a non-Bolshevik government.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: revolution

value: Russia

value: Americans

value: United States

value: intervention

value: Wilson

dc.title

value: Revolutionary Russia in American Eyes

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bohun, Tomasz

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bohun T. Polish-Lithuanian Mercenaries in the Service of Jacob de la Gardie. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 718–728.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the early 17th century during Swedish-Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth war there were
very few soldiers of the Swedish army that were originally subjects to Sigmund III. This
uncommon situation occurred because of various reasons, most notably, the core character of
the conflict which was caused not only by the dynastic quarrel between the Polish and Swedish
line of Vasas but also by cultural, political and religious differences. As the war in Livonia
continued, Polish public finance system proved itself more and more inadequate. That caused
unpaid Polish-Lithuanian soldiers to form confederations in order to make the authorities
pay overdue wages. This rouge soldiers’ crisis was exacerbated by a new war between the
Commonwealth of Poland and Russia (1609–1619), which increased the crime and banditry
in the Commonwealth of Poland. The authorities were forced to form military units — partly
from the soldiers participating in the confederates — that were sent across the eastern border.
Interestingly, at the same time a number of Zaporozhian Cossacks and Polish cavalrymen
joined the army of Jacob de la Gardie, which occupied the area of Great Novgorod. Troops led
by Henryk Dembinski, Jaromir Plecki and Stanislaw Wolski were a part of Swedish fighting
force but — as the author remarks — might also have been involved in a larger false flag
operation planned by Lithuanian intelligence in order to undermine financial potential of
Sweden. It is very possible that this operation was supervised by the Lithuanian hetman Jan
Karol Chodkiewicz and/or by the starosta wieliski Aleksander Gosiewski.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Polish-Lithuanian-Swedish-Russian relations in the early 17th c.

value: Polish-Lithuanian-Swedish war in Livonia

value: The Time of Troubles

value: Swedish occupation of Novgorod

value: Military confederations

value: Polish-Lithuanian mercenaries

value: Intelligence of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania


dc.contributor.author

value: Selin, Adrian A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Selin A. A. Communications in the Novgorod Region during the Crisis Period of the Time of Troubles. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 748–762.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The expansion of the Muscovite State to Novgorod and Pskov lands in the late fifteenth — early
sixteenth century was followed by the spread of the process of state building in the newly
incorporated territories. These processes started in Muscovy itself at the same time, in the
late fifteenth century. The creation of the communication net provided by the central power
played a major role in the processes. The system of state roads appeared in order to provide
uninterrupted communication for military and diplomatic aims. New roads with a special
system of “yam” distances served mostly to transport troops and escort embassies. The road
system organized in Muscovy in the late fifteenth — early sixteenth century directly stemmed
from military and diplomatic needs, and was part of shaping the Early Modern state system.
It connected Novgorod the Great with the most important fortresses and with the border.
During the political crisis of the early seventeenth century, the trunk road system was thoroughly
supported by any current authorities. Military events stimulated authorities to increase
their control over the roads: a system of outposts was developed at the time. By 1616–1617,
however, the mobilization potential of Novgorod government had been exhausted. Some years
after the Stolbovo Treaty of 1617, the overland trunk roads came into decline. A reliable connection
between Novgorod and Moscow was provided by circular river routes bypassing the
devastated lands. Only since early 1620s, the process of restoring the main trunk roads in
Novgorod land had started.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

value: Novgorod

value: Time of Troubles

value: trunk roads

value: yam system


title: Petersburg of Jan Neyman. In memory of the sculptor

dc.contributor.author

value: Kotlomanov, Alexander O.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.type

value: Article


title: On the Oldest Book of Russia

dc.contributor.author

value: Ziborov, Viktor K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ziborov V. К. On the Oldest Book of Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 949–956.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the Novgorod Psalter (hereinafter — NP), called by A. A. Zaliznyak
and V. L. Yanin the oldest book of Rus. NP is the cerae, consisting of three wooden tablets with
indentations filled with wax, in which the texts have been preserved. NP was found during
the archaeological excavations (in 2000) after the discovery of the birch bark with the image
of St. Barbara and the date below it. The scholars have done a lot of work on the restoration,
deciphering texts and attributing this monument of ancient Russian literature. Initially,
the dating of NP was based on the erroneous interpretation of the year below the image of
St. Barbara — 6537 (1029). Later, on the basis of dendrochronological analysis and radiocarbon
analysis of wax even the earlier date, the end of the 10th century, was suggested. The article
puts forward arguments for a different dating of NP on the basis of a thorough paleographic
analysis of the date and textual analysis of the source. The only possible interpretation of the
date is 6637 (1129). Presumably, the date refers to the year of foundation of the monastery of
St. Barbara, which is mentioned for the first time in the Novgorod Chronicles under 1138.
The interpretation of the results of dendrochronological and radiocarbon analysis does not
contradict the suggested dating. The nature of the texts preserved in the NP indicates that
they were used during the church service, most probably, the monastic service. Some of the
preserved psalms (from the first kathisma — no. 67, 75, 76) imply that the whole psalter was
read. It is so called “Unsleeping” Psalter, whose reading was common for monastic services.
The only temple located near the place of the discovery of NP was the church of St. Barbara,
which was the monastic church. NP should be dated to the 1130s (not earlier). The dating of
the NP proposed in the article does not enable to consider it the oldest book of Rus’.

dc.subject

value: birch bark with a picture of Saint Barbara

value: Old Russian numbers

value: text study

value: palaeography

value: dating of archaeological finds

value: monastery of St. Barbara

dc.title

value: On the Oldest Book of Russia


dc.contributor.author

value: Bardovskaya, Larisa V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bardovskaya, Larisa. “Lady Mary Fox, the mysterious story of a portrait”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 411–9.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author suggests an attribution of the miniature portrait of Lady Mary Fox-Holland from
the collection of Tsarskoye Selo Museum. It is a painted oval ivory plate. According to the old
inventory numbers and records in the museum archive the portrait came from the collection
of the Catherine Palace. On the reverse there is the pencil inscription with the name of the
sitter — “Lady Mary Fox, afterwards Lady Holland”. She was the elder daughter of John Fitzpatrick,
the Earl of Upper Ossory and Lady Evelina Leveson Gower, the eldest daughter of the Earl
Gower. Mary was descended from one of the most famous and wealthy aristocratic families in
Britain. The portrait have not been not published until now. The author, researching the history
of the Fox-Holland family, elucidates the circumstances of the creation of the miniature and its
author — English miniature portraitist Edward Miles. During the period of his apprenticeship
(1772–92), he created the miniature copy of the original portrait made by his teacher Joshua
Reynolds in 1769. The original by Reynolds is still in the collection of the Holland family. The
miniature copy was taken by Miles to Russia in 1797 as a recommendation together with the letter
of Count Semen Vorontsov. Miles, being a court painter of Paul I and Alexander I until 1807,
produced a series of miniature portraits of the imperial families. The miniature portrait of Mary
Fox-Holland is stylistically similar to his other copies of Reynold’ s original paintings.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Tsarskoye Selo

value: miniature

value: ivory

value: Mary Fitzpatrick

value: Lady Fox-Holland

value: Joshua Reynolds

value: Thomas Geinsborough

value: Grand tour

value: Holland-house

value: Pompeo Batoni

value: Edward Miles

value: court painter


title: Preface

dc.description.abstract

value: Preface

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology and Education;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Makhlaiuk, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makhlaiuk A. V. Dynastic Names and Unofficial Imperial Nicknames during the Severan Dynasty. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 872–897.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper examines the usage of official names and informal nicknames in connection with
the dynastic policy of the Severans. No other period in the history of the Roman Empire was
characterized by such an intense “change of names” as the era of the Severan dynasty because
imperial onomastics and titulature played an important role in legitimization of the new dynasty,
which ascended to power as a result of the civil war. Along with the names that from the
very beginning of the Principate became part of official imperial titulature (Caesar, Augustus),
during the age of the Severans, the “dynastic” names, especially the nomen Antoninorum, came
to the fore. They had an ideological background playing a crucial role in representation of
power and “dynastic” continuity. By virtue of their specific aura, the nomen Antoninorum and
other names were destined to indicate the continuation of the tradition of the Golden age,
consolidation of power. They served as political slogans symbolizing adherence to a particular
political line. Roman onomastic traditions which allowed (or even implied) mutatio nominis,
when family or political status was changed, set certain prerequisites for this process. At the
same time, these traditions implied giving policymakers various nicknames with humorous or
pejorative connotations, which should be considered as a form of reaction of different social
groups to the behavior and personality traits of the rulers. These nicknames, including dysphemisms
or negative modification of official or semantically neutral names, usually emerged
when there was a discrepancy between the moral qualities of the ruler and expectations of the
society. Besides that, imperial names were reinterpreted both as far as their literal meanings
were concerned and with regard to the associations with the key figures who had been on the
imperial throne and embodied the ideal of a ruler.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is supported by the grant of the Russian foundation for basic research/ Russian foundation
for humanities, the project N 16-01-00297 “Unofficial names and nicknames of political leaders of the
Ancient world as cultural-historical and political phenomenon”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Roman empire

value: Severan dynasty

value: dynastic crises

value: imperial titulature

value: informal names and nicknames


dc.contributor.author

value: Dvornichenko, Andrey Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dvornichenko A. Yu. Smuta as a Factor of the Russian History. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, рp. 677–701.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author devises a theory of the “smuta” and examines the topic at the theoretic-historiographical
level. The term “smuta”, its origin, meaning and the time of its emergence are examined
in the article. The term in its most common sense came into being quite late enough — at
the beginning of the 17th century. The causes, development and the events of the first Russian
period of “smuta” (Time of Troubles) could be perceived as some sort of a model, or a matrix,
which can be applied to two more watersheds in the Russian history: to “the Great Russian
revolution” and to “Perestroika” which, in the author’s opinion, should be considered as the
“smuta”. The word “revolution” borrowed from the West only obscures the essence of the historical
process. There is no reason to classify the events of the 20th century as the “revolution”.
This thesis does not require fundamental justification given the fact that there is close affinity
between current situation and ‘prerevolutionary’ Russia. A substantial part of the article is
dedicated to proving that there was no “revolution” at the beginning of the 20th century either.
Instead, there was another “smuta”, while the Soviet period was a continuation of the pre-Soviet
one. Before the 17th century there had been no such phenomenon as the “smuta” in Russia.
On the one hand, the first “smuta” (Time of Troubles) heralded the emergence of the unique
Russian state-serfdom order and eventual shaping of the autocratic state. On the other hand,
the “Time of Troubles”, rather than the reign of Peter I, represents the dawn of the Russian
“Modern time”. Since then the Russian history has manifested itself as the series of “smuta”
which do not lead to a new social order. After each period of “smuta” the state-serfdom regime
revives itself, getting stronger as a result of the “revolution” from above, somehow adapting to
further existence… and thus survives until the next “smuta”. This the “cyclicity” of the Russian
history. Obviously, all the topical concepts raised in the article (such as “smuta”, “revolution
from the above”, “pre-smuta situation” and etc.) are in need of further examination.

dc.subject

value: the history of Russia

value: the historiography of Russia

value: the smuta

value: the Russian stateserfdom order

value: revolution

value: revolution from above


dc.contributor.author

value: Kyuregyan, Tatiana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kyuregyan, Tatiana. “Anton Arensky — educator and master of musical form”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 356–80.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article researches the interaction between polyphonic and homophonic and harmonic
principles of form in the genre of lyrical miniature. Anton Arensky in his “Manual to Studying Forms of Instrumental and Vocal Music” (the first in Russia, 1893–894), sticks to the common
opposition of counterpoint and homophonic building of form. However, in his artistic
practice he follows the harmonic interpretation of imitational constructions. Canon as one of
symbols of polyphonic reasoning is subject to patterns of homophonic song forms in the age
of romanticism. Accepting the alien symmetrical time arrangement (with its dynamic effect
of extrapolation) and the directing action of tonal functionality, it becomes not the basic but
the additional factor of musical building. The vertical correlation of parts (its essence is in
transmission of the same material from one voice into another), which is typical of imitational
structure, ceases to be principal for form. Functionally differential, horizontal, juxtaposition
when initial exposition is followed by the thematic and harmonic development with subsequent
final comes to the fore. Temporal independence of parts, characteristic of a genuinely
linear canon, almost vanishes in an integrated temporal stream which is set by the rhythm of
harmonic changes. The homophonic (“horizontal”) form becomes leading, while the polyphonic
(“vertical”) form moves back to the level of texture. There is a possibility of a different
combination of polyphonic and homophonic regularities in composition: adding to the given
«cantus» (in the form of basso ostinato in the work by Arensky) not a contrapuntal part, or
parts, but the whole homophonic form with its principle of organization; and the resulting
emergence of the counterpoint of forms (according to Y. Kholopov), the origin of which has
its roots in the Baroque music.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: A. S. Arensky

value: manual to form

value: polyphonic and homophonic form building

value: temporal and tone organization

value: Harmonic Canon

value: Song Forms

value: Counterpoint of Forms

dc.title

value: Article