dc.contributor.author

value: Volgin, E. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volgin E. I. ‘The Russian Army in the Electoral Battles of 1993–1999’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 705–720. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.311 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The formation of electoral democracy in Russia coincided with the entry of the state into a crisis phase
of systemic transformation. The position of the military became especially difficult, which turned into an impoverished “military electorate”, for whose votes various parties fought. The purpose of the article is based on the study
of specialized literature, as well as the analysis of a wide range of sources (periodicals, sociological research,
electoral legislation) to consider the electoral behavior of military personnel in an extremely difficult situation that
has developed both in the army and in the country. The relevance of the topic is an attempt to identify contradictions
between the true electoral sympathies of soldiers and officers and the desire of the high command to
influence the process of the free expression of their subordinates, as well as to distort the voting results in a
more favorable light to convince the authorities of the loyalty of the Armed Forces. The scientific novelty consists
in conducting a comprehensive study using an interdisciplinary approach (formal legal, historical, sociological,
etc.). The article examines the norms of electoral legislation that regulated the process of implementing the electoral
and political rights of military personnel, reveals the socio-political phenomenon of the “military electorate”,
examines the federal election campaigns of 1993–1999. Since 1993, genuine election results in the army environment
have been characterized by a high level of protest voting. But as soon as in the late 1990s there were
trends to improve the situation, as well as a leader who put defense and security issues at the forefront, the army
immediately felt and supported these changes. At the same time, the Russian army itself in the 1990s did not try
to act as a consolidated electoral force to influence the crisis.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 3

value: Russian Armed Forces

value: Ministry of Defense

value: political parties

value: elections

value: electoral associations

value: Gosudarstvennaia Duma

value: electoral law

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Antoshin, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Antoshin A. V. ‘They Don’t Like to be Remembered. “Second Wave” of Emigration from the USSR in Domestic Studies of the Second Decade of the 21st Сentury’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 759–774. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.314 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to modern Russian historiography of the problem of the “second wave” of emigration
from the USSR. The author characterizes the “politics of memory” in the Russian Federation, connected
with the theme of emigration from our country in the 20th century. Analyzed undertaken at the beginning of the
21st century attempts to use the phenomenon of the Russian diaspora in the process of constructing a national
ideology. At the same time, it is proved that the main attention was paid to the “first wave” of Russian emigration,
primarily to the leaders of the White movement who left our country after the end of the Civil War. The problem of
the “second wave” of emigration from the Soviet Union, closely connected with the events of the Second World
War, often remained “in the background”. The structure of the article corresponds to the main stages of the “epic”
that the emigrants of the “second wave” had a chance to go through. The author pays considerable attention to the coverage of the phenomenon of displaced persons (“DP”) in the scientific literature. It is proved that insufficient
attention is paid in the Russian literature to the circumstances of everyday life in the European DP camps.
Meanwhile, this factor had a significant impact on the moral and psychological atmosphere in the camps and the
values of the Soviet displaced persons. The article also describes the coverage in modern scientific literature of
the immigration policy of the Western states in relation to “di-pi”, it is shown that the governments of most countries
were only interested in the influx of young able-bodied people who could contribute to the development of
the national economy. The role of Soviet displaced persons in the political confrontation of the Cold War era is
analyzed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-28-01705 “Internationalization
of the problem of indigenous minorities, refugees and ‘displaced persons’ in the conditions of the Cold
War”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: displaced persons

value: Russian emigration

value: second wave

value: USSR

value: memory policy

value: World War II

value: historiography

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Chemakin, A. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chemakin A. A. ‘Where Did the Black Hundreds Disappear? Electoral Statistics as a Source for the Study of the National Identity of Ukrainian Peasantry at the Beginning of the 20th Century’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 592–605. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article traces the fates of the members of the Black Hundred organizations of Right-Bank Ukraine
after the revolution of 1917. In 1905–1917, this region was one of the centers of the monarchist movement, and
the Pochaev department of the Union of the Russian People was the most numerous black hundred organization
in the Russian Empire. There is a lot of indirect evidence that after the overthrow of the monarchy, many Black
Hundreds of the Right Bank found themselves in the ranks of Ukrainians and Bolsheviks, actively participating
in various rebel detachments and gangs, but it is impossible to draw far-reaching conclusions based on such
sources, most often of a memoir nature. To understand what happened to the former black-hundredists and in
which political camp they found themselves, the author turns to electoral statistics. Comparing the data about the
size of organizations of the Union of the Russian People in different settlements of the Kiev province in the 1910s
with the results of the elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly in 1917–1918 in the same localities, the author comes to the conclusion that the former black-hundredists did not vote for Russian nationalists and monarchists,
but for the Ukrainian Social revolutionaries and occasionally for the Bolsheviks, that is, for the parties that
promised a radical solution to the agrarian question. At the same time, the peasants who voted for the socialists
because of the desire to divide the landowners’ land, did not support the party programs of the Ukrainian Socialist
Revolutionaries and Bolsheviks on other issues, retaining elements of the black-hundred worldview. This is why
during the Civil War “black-hundred sentiments” could be found both in the army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic
and in the Red Army.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 23-28-00071
“Between National and Social Radicalism: the Peasantry of Right-Bank Ukraine in 1905–1922”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Black Hundreds

value: Union of the Russian People

value: Right-Bank Ukraine

value: Socialist-Revolutionaries

value: Bolsheviks

value: Civil War

value: Russia


dc.contributor.author

value: Reshetnikov, S. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Reshetnikov S. V. ‘Repatriation of Soviet Сitizens and Soviet Partisans of the French Resistance from France to the USSR’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 745–758. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.313 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to aspects of the repatriation of citizens and Soviet partisans of the French
Resistance from France to the USSR. For the Soviet Union the first facts of the mass presence of its citizens on
French territory began to appear even before the allied landings in Normandy, in 1944. After the liberation of
most of French territory, in October 1944, the allies handed over to the USSR information about the presence in
their zone of occupation of about 30.000 soviet citizens who became prisoners of war. The repatriation of Soviet
citizens from France was one of the earliest repatriation activities for the USSR during the war years. The activity of
the Soviet department for the repatriation of Soviet citizens began on 10 November, 1944 even before the signing
of an agreement with the allies on the mutual return of their citizens. The publication examines the categories of
Soviet citizens in France, the course of the organization of repatriation, as well as the problems that the Soviet
mission has faced. The position of Soviet citizens at the time of their liberation on French territory, the attitude of
Soviet citizens to their return to the USSR and their post-war fate are considered. It is noted that the factor of the
presence among the repatriated “false partisans” and former soldiers of the ost-troops of the Wehrmacht for the
worse affected the fate of some of the true heroes of the Resistance. The result of the study shows that most of
the Soviet participants in the Resistance after the war were discriminated throughout their lives and were deprived
of their rights, despite their contribution to the defeat of the enemy in a foreign land.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: repatriation

value: Soviet citizens

value: France

value: Resistance

value: Soviet POWs

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Makarova, O. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makarova O. S. ‘The Image of the Enemy During the Initial period of the Great Patriotic War and the Rethinking of the Stereotypes of Soviet Propaganda of the Pre-War Period’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 584–591. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article notes that in the public consciousness and state propaganda, the image of the enemy was
not clearly defined, which led to a blurred perception of external danger. The political leadership of the USSR understood
that it was necessary to turn the thinking of the Soviet people, i. e. the need has ripened for the birth of a
new image of the enemy, which should be different from what was formed in previous wars. The old propaganda
dogmas about the international solidarity of workers and peasants have been shattered against harsh reality. The
propagandists of the USSR at the beginning of the war did not need a special search for documentary evidence
of the atrocities committed by the invaders. Until the end of the counter-offensive near Moscow on December
5, 1941 — January 7, 1942, bewilderment and fear were frequent in the minds of Soviet soldiers. The mobilized
soldiers who were at the front for the first time had no idea about the enemy. The enemy, who conquered many
states of Europe, and approached the walls of the capital, was perceived as a machine that could not be stopped.
In 1942, Soviet agitators entered with numerous photographic materials and film documents, in which there was
evidence of reprisals against children, women, and the elderly. The negative characterization of the enemy was
expressed in the epithet — “animals”, the Soviet people learned to hate the enemy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Great Patriotic War

value: propaganda

value: agitation

value: image of the enemy

value: ideology

value: mobilization

value: Red Army


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogomazov, N. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogomazov N. I. ‘Orders for Foreign Supplies Issued by the Directorate of Railways of the Ministry of Transportation in 1915’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 775–781. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.315 (In Russian)

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-78-10036 “Foreign Supplies
as a Factor in Solving Transport Problems of Late Imperial Russia: The Experience of the First World War”

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Anfertiev, I. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anfertiev I. A. ‘Memorandum of the Leader of the “Workers’ Opposition” Gavriil Myasnikov to the Central Committee of the RCP(b): Source Study Potential’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 648–663. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.308 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using the methods of interpreting historical sources, the article analyzes the memorandum of one
of the leaders of the “Workers’ Opposition” G. I. Myasnikov, sent to the Central Committee of the RCP(b) on the
eve of the X Party Congress. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that referring to the source analysis of the
memorandum allows us to expand the chronological framework of the initial stage of the formation of the workers’
opposition movement within the RCP(b), to attribute its origin to the middle of 1920, about six months before
the end of the X Party Congress, at which, As you know, factional activity in the RCP(b) was officially banned. In
the memorandum of G. I. Myasnikov, according to the researcher, various aspects of the intra-party struggle for
power between a group of emigrants led by V. I. Lenin and those members of the RCP(b) with pre-revolutionary
experience who were subjected to repression for revolutionary activities in the Russian Empire are reflected,
served their sentences in prisons and hard labor. The study reveals the desire of the opposition leader to enlist
support not only within the ruling RCP(b), but also outside it, among the “deprived” of power working class. In
the memorandum of G. I. Myasnikov, according to the researcher, various aspects of the intra-party struggle for
power between a group of emigrants led by V. I. Lenin and those members of the RCP(b) with pre-revolutionary
experience who were subjected to repression for revolutionary activities in the Russian Empire are reflected,
served their sentences in prisons and hard labor.

dc.subject

value: workers’ opposition

value: RCP(b)

value: Politburo

value: struggle within Party

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Samoylov, N. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samoylov N. A. ‘Prince N. A. Kudashev — the Last Envoy Extraordinary of the Russian Empire to China’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 606–620. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value: The article discusses the activities of the Russian Envoy Extraordinary to China, Prince Nikolai Alexandrovich Kudashev, who was appointed to this post at a difficult period in the history of the two countries: Russia and China. He took up his duties in 1916 as an Envoy of the Russian Empire to the Republic of China, continued to serve in 1917 as a diplomatic representative of the Russian Provisional Government and remained in office until 1920, without recognizing the Bolsheviks’ power, but being still recognized by the government of China. The article analyzes his activities and characterizes the state of Russian-Chinese relations in that most challenging period of history. Although N. A. Kudashev was not an outstanding diplomat, he played a prominent role at a turning point in the development of Russian-Chinese relations. The purpose of the article is not only to consider specific aspects of the diplomatic work of N. A. Kudashev in China and evaluate his role in the development of Russian-Chinese relations but also to demonstrate complicated conditions under which Russian-Chinese relations developed at a critical point in Russian, Chinese and World history. The example of N. A. Kudashev and the Russian consuls subordinate to him makes it possible to clearly trace the problems of relations between diplomats of the old school and the new Bolshevik government. Remaining at their posts, these people tried to work conscientiously and fulfill their duties as they understood them. The novelty of the article lies in the involvement of a large number of archival documents on the history of the Russian diplomatic mission in Beijing during the period under review.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-28-00858 “Russian diplomats
in China (2nd half of the 19th — early 20th centuries): political and socio-cultural dimensions”, https://rscf.ru/en/
project/22-28-00858/

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: diplomacy

value: China

value: Russian-Chinese relations

value: Beijing

value: World War I


dc.contributor.author

value: Kondrashin, V. V.

value: Sukhova, O. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kondrashin V. V., Sukhova O. A. ‘The Formation of “Soviet Modernity” and the Regional Elite in the 1960s–1970s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 664–677. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.309 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Based on the materials of the Penza region, the problem of the formation of “Soviet modernity” in the
consciousness and practices of political management of the regional elite during the 1960s–1970s is considered.
The authors agree with M. David-Fox’s position on Soviet modernity as another type of industrial society, expressed
through ideological and cultural representations and behavioral strategies established in the minds and
psychology of the elite and society as a whole. The analysis of recruiting, social composition, mental attitudes
and aspirations of the regional elite, the results of regional identity formation in the 1960s–1970s was carried out
on the basis of the sources of mass origin, documents of Party and Soviet governing bodies, diary records and
memoirs. The chronotope of development of the Penza region in this period was due to the later terms of the
territorial organization, the processes of industrialization and regional specialization of industrial production. The
general trend of changes can be characterized as a situation of unprecedented and unrestrained, in some ways
rampant industrial construction, construction of housing and social and cultural facilities. The most important
conditions for the formation of the local elite as carriers and generators of new attitudes and values are considered:
the socio-economic transformation of the region, its transformation from a backward agricultural to one of
the centers of the military-industrial complex of the USSR; as well as the process of mass promotion of leaders in
the 1950s–1960s. Most of them were natives of the Penza region, people 30–40 years old, came from the workers
and peasants, with higher, usually technical, education, hard military youth, about one-third — participants in the
Great Patriotic War, about half — former Komsomol leaders.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-18-20015 “The power and
society of the Penza Region in the XIII–XXI centuries: historical aspects of territorial integration and the formation
of regional identity”, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-18-20015/

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Penza region

value: USSR

value: society

value: regional elite

value: regional identity

value: late Socialism


dc.contributor.author

value: Piankevich, V. L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Piankevich V. L. ‘Conversations, Dreams and Desires of the Inhabitants of Besieged Leningrad. 1941–1944’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 3, 2023, pp. 569–583. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author explores non-classical sources on the social history of besieged Leningrad — conversations,
dreams and desires of the inhabitants of the city. Conversations, dreams and desires testify what is passionately
desired, illusory and at the same time the most important for people. In relation to the history of the
Siege of Leningrad, this has a special meaning, since it is a study of the fears, aspirations and hopes of a person
in a catastrophe. The sources of studying of such specific forms of communication and auto-communication are
reflections recorded in diaries, letters, memoirs, interviews. The author concludes that the dreams and desires of
the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad, often remaining unfulfilled, reflected obvious and secret thoughts, fears,
aspirations. Leningraders often told each other about their dreams, which were a bright moment of salvation to
overcome the aching loneliness and stress. Thinking, speaking, dreaming about food, many have experienced or
deliberately aroused in themselves a blissful, ecstatic state, returning with incredible pain to a deadly hungry reality.
Men, women, children, people of different levels of education and culture were prone to daydreaming. The
blockade present was so unbearable that the imagination painted a picture of well-being, comfort, satiety, peace
in the past, which was experienced, familiar and sometimes seemed more real than the present and the future.
The danger, often the practical impossibility of evacuation, transferred the physical movement to the space of
sleep and dreams, where only the blockade could “act”. Such escapism allowed a person to escape the tyranny
of blockaded reality. A very personal, private space which is a dream with the beginning of the war and especially
the blockade, shrank to a very limited circle, the main ones in which were the lifting of the blockade and food.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 3

value: Blockade

value: Leningrad

value: social history

value: war

value: diaries

value: conversations

value: dreams

value: dreamings

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chen, Shuxiu

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chen, Sh. 2023. Dipartite principle in the mechanism of the real right’s alteration in China. Pravovedenie 67 (3): 343–374. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.306

dc.description.abstract

value:
The discrepancy of real right transfer mode decides the registered effects of real estate register
(Confrontation or Confirmation Doctrine) and its examinational scope, further influencing the
credibility and applied scope of the real estate register. The defined basis of the transfer mode
is the attitude toward the juristic act of liability and juristic act of disposition, the causality and
nonature of the juristic act of disposition. According to the research on the history, axiology
and systematology, the transfer mode with the idealism has been cancelled in Chinese legislation,
but there are still some exceptions. The enacting of the article 595 of the Civil Code is to
distinguish the relationship between sales contracts and other contracts, which is unable to
combine it with the article 598 and then deem the double effects of the sales contracts. The
distinguish between juristic act of liability and juristic act of disposition in Chinese civil law has
been confirmed by the juridical practices, which contained in the article 215 of the Civil Code.
This distinguish is a summary of social and life experiences, particularly outstanding in the presale
of house, the real estate register and the non-real time sales. In the real estate register, the
consensus of both parties includes in the registration application, their signature means the
agreement for the change of real right. The article 597 of the Civil Code stipulates the juristic act
of liability’s effect when the seller has no right to dispose it. The distinguish principle in the theory
of juristic act of real right, is not only beneficial to protect the third party, but can also clear
the legal relation in the complicated disputes. In this condition, some scholars still deny that the
separation of juristic act of liability and juristic act of disposition is induced by the preconceived
notions. Although the principle of abstraction has some advantages to protect the transaction
safety and simplify the trading programs, no identified basis can be found in the examinational
scope and related law when the authority handles the registration.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 67; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Chinese law

value: Dipartite principle

value: Creditor’s rights formalism

value: Real right formalism

value: Juristic act of liability

value: Juristic act of disposition

value: Causality

value: Real right transfer


dc.contributor.author

value: Moroshkina, Nadezhda V.

value: Zverev, Ilia V.

value: Nezdoimyshapko, Liudmila A.

value: Tikhonov, Roman V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Moroshkina N. V., Zverev I. V., Nezdoimyshapko L. A., Tikhonov R. V. Metacognitive monitoring and control in distributed cognition. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 324–346. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Today we experience an ongoing expansion of the range of available information, advanced
communication technologies, and an increase in multitasking. This has resulted in a distributed
nature of cognitive activity, where external resources, devices and other people are involved.
That’s why the development of metacognitive knowledge and strategies is crucial for
effective usage of one’s own cognitive abilities, as well as cultural and technological advances.
In this review we analyze and describe the specifics of metacognitive monitoring and control
in the context of distributed cognition. First of all, we consider different approaches to
explaining how metacognitive judgments are formed, we then analyze empirical studies of
the involvement of metacognitive judgments in regulation of cognitive performance. The article
emphasizes the importance of metacognitive experiences and judgments in prevention
and correction of cognitive errors, searching for and integrating information from external
sources, and making joint decisions. It has been shown that metacognitive experiences and
judgments based on them play a crucial role in building representations of one’s own competence
when solving the problem. Metacognitive experiences are also involved in regulating
the search for information, initiating cognitive offloading and seeking help from others. They
also play an important role in the formation of epistemic trust in other people and accepting
their advices, improving effectiveness through social verification of knowledge, and are used
as heuristic in joint decisions making.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 22-28-01456 “The role of
metacognitive experiences in the process of intra- and intersubjective monitoring of errors in making intuitive
judgments”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: metacognition

value: metacognitive experience

value: distributed cognition

value: cognitive offloading

value: explore-exploit trade-off

value: epistemic trust

value: confidence heuristic


dc.contributor.author

value: Guseltseva, Marina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guseltseva M. S. Psychological stability of the personality in the light of the psychology of values: THe dialectic of constancy and variability. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 290–309. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.301 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The issues of value transformations today come to the fore in educational practices and psychological
research, includes different levels of cognition, forms a common problem field in
the social sciences and the humanities, where a person’s value priorities are considered as prerequisites
for his behavioral strategies, subjective preferences and political choices. However,
the problem of relationship between values and psychological stability of a person in a transitive
society remains insufficiently studied. The purpose of the article is to discuss the psychological
stability of a person in the context of the psychology of values. It has been established
that reliance on values in a situation of sociocultural changes, awareness and self-reflexivity
are prerequisites for the psychological stability of a person, which, depending on different
research angles, can be interpreted in two ways: on the one hand, as self-determination, an internal
locus of control, adherence to independently chosen life guidelines, on the other hand,
adaptability, flexibility, readiness to situationally respond to changes and rebuild behavioral
strategies. In this regard, the dialectic of constancy and variability becomes a methodological
basis for interpreting the psychological stability of a person as a complex and antinomic
process. Values connect subjective and objective, emotional and conceptual, existential and
cognitive content, acting as a kind of bridge between the studies of personality and society, the
methodology of psychology and social sciences. The transdisciplinary approach is consistently
used as a methodological strategy aimed at generalizing in a single conceptual framework the relationship between personality development, the evolution of society and culture, the
dynamics of values changing in the course of sociocultural transformations. In this context
of transdisciplinary discourse, a construct is introduced and substantiated — the axiological
space of socialization. The construct makes it possible to combine both directed influences on
a person from the side of his social environment and educational institutions, as well as dispersed,
diffuse, latent influences due to current changes in everyday life and the peculiarities
of the modern way of life. It is assumed that in methodological terms, the axiological space of
socialization contributes to the integration of research into the psychology of personality, the
psychology of subject, the psychology of everyday life in the field of social sciences.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-18-00140 “Dynamic
stability of personality in the space of sociocultural uncertainty”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: methodology

value: psychology of values

value: psychological stability of a person

value: subject

value: axiological space of socialization

value: transdisciplinary approach

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mamaeva-Niles, Veronika D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mamaeva-Niles V. D. Personality self-representation change in circumstances of “goal — affordance” incongruity and situational opportunities. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 375–395. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the current work was to study the influence of incongruence of an individual’s
goals and situational affordances on the self-representation in everyday situations. In
the course of the study, participants (N = 62) first gave a self-assessment of their personality
traits, after which they defined relevant goals in six pairs of situational vignettes on the SAAP
scale, then selected adjectives from the list describing their state in situations of congruency
(CS) and non-congruency (NCS) with their primary goals. Finally, the valence of self-representation
in CS and NCS was determined. The results of the study showed that in all six pairs
of compared situations there were changes in goals, from complete or partial replacement
of goals to important changes in their significance for the respondents. Multiple regression
analysis allowed us to conclude that situational determinants as explanatory variables can
better explain the manifestations of agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness
in the NCS, compared to stable traits. However, stable traits explain the manifestations of
neuroticism in the NCS better than situational characteristics. The results of the study confirm
the assumption that changed goals cause the manifestation of traits and states that differ from
stable dispositions. The quantitative analysis of adjectives with positive and negative emotional-
evaluative meaning showed that in the NCS respondents were 2.57 times more likely to
choose attributes with a negative emotional-evaluative meaning compared to the CS, which
confirms the hypothesis of the predominance of negative valence of self-representation in the
conditions of goal incongruency. The findings indicate that the change in self-representation
in the NCS significantly and in the theoretically expected way were associated with a change
in goals as a result of change in situational affordances.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant, project no. 22-28-00871 “Target
and situational determinants of the process of personality self-change”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: self-representation

value: situational determinants

value: incongruence of goals

value: traits

value: states


dc.contributor.author

value: Benatti, Francesca

dc.identifier.citation

value: Benatti, Francesca. 2023. Evolution of property in Cuba in a comparative perspective. Pravovedenie 67 (3): 284–304. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.303

dc.description.abstract

value:
The essay examines the evolution of property in Cuba. It focuses in particular on the reforms
that led to the recognition of private property in the 2019 Constitution and the first embryonic
openings to the market. The different theories on the emergence of real rights and privatisation
are then considered, with a comparison between the rapid and gradual privatisation models.
The latter embodied by China and Vietnam, whose experience are analysed, seems to have
achieved good results. China since Deng’s reforms has opened up to the market and the slow
recognition of real rights was enshrined in the 2007 law. The balance achieved is taken up in the
2021 code. The new phase, announced by Xi Jinping, is inspired by the idea of common prosperity.
Vietnam with its Doi Moi policy followed a similar path and the difficult balance between
the different visions was enshrined in the Constitution. It should be noted that socialist countries
are trying, although not without contradictions, to discover their own model capable of guaranteeing
individual protections and freedoms together with the development and improvement
of quality of life. In this journey, the fundamental and indispensable establishment of property,
contract, and enterprise must be balanced with the principles of equality and social justice that
are or should be the foundation of their own experience.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 67; Issue 3

value: property rights

value: socialism

value: Cuba

value: constitution

value: reforms

value: comparative law


dc.contributor.author

value: Gavrilova, Margarita N.

value: Chichinina, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gavrilova M. N., Chichinina E. A. Work memory development dynamics in children aged 5 to 7 in a period of social isolation: The role of screen time and the number of children in the family. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 396–410. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.307 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Reduced growth rates of working memory in pre-school children during periods of social
isolation have previously been documented. However, the question of whether and how long
it takes children to compensate for these deficits has remained open. The present study examined
the longitudinal dynamics of verbal and visual working memory development in children
between the age of 5 and 7 inclusive, taking into account home environment factors
such as the duration of screen time during the pandemic and the number of children in the
family. Screen time during social isolation was reported to range from 2 to 44 hours per week.
The general pattern of development of verbal and visual working memory during this period
was a natural increase, independent of screen time and number of children in the family.
However, as the screen time increased, both the actual level of development of verbal working
memory at each diagnostic cut-off and the rate of its development as the child grew older
decreased. The most pronounced negative impact on verbal working memory development
from extended screen time was reported among only children in the family. Continued use of
digital devices led not just to a slower rate of development of verbal working memory, but to a
temporary regression of it. Children in this part of the sample were able to compensate for the
regression in verbal working memory development and catch up with their peers only after
returning to a systematic educational process in resumed kindergartens.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of
young Russian scientists MК-1953.2022.2.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 13; Issue 3

value: developmental psychology

value: cultural-historical approach

value: verbal working memory

value: visual working memory

value: screen time

value: siblings

value: social isolation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Cavalieri, Renzo

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cavalieri, Renzo. 2023. Gabriele Crespi Reghizzi and his time: A comparative lawyer against the background of the epoch. Pravovedenie 67 (3): 263–271. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.301 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to an Italian lawyer, a prominent specialist in comparative law Gabriele
Crespi Reghizzi (1941–2022), who in the last period of his life worked at the Department of Law
of St. Petersburg State University. It talks about main milestones of his academic career: emer-
gence of interest in Soviet and Chinese law, acquaintance with leading scientists in these fields,
creation of innovative works. In addition to the law of the USSR and China, he was interested
in the law of states of Eastern Europe, India and Africa, focusing on not only genesis of legal
systems, but also their development and interaction in the context of international relations. The
knowledge and experience of G.Crespi Reghizzi, as it seemed, should have remained within
the framework of a narrow academic interest, but economic reforms in China in the 1970s and
1
980s and political changes in Europe in the 1980s and early 1990s gave them a fresh start.
Professor G.Crespi Reghizzi was widely known by his professional activity as a business lawyer,
international commercial judge, consultant on legal aid projects for post-Soviet states. His con-
tribution to the codification of civil law in Russia is noted. Among G.Crespi Reghizzi’s distinctive
features as a scientist, the author notes his extremely attentive attitude to legal terminology, and
in the case of the Chinese language — to legal ideography, extensive use of primary sources and
non-traditional sources, knowledge of several foreign languages. He attracted people, students
and colleagues, by virtue of his personal qualities as attentiveness, spiritual generosity, original-
ity of views, willingness to share his exotic experiences. To compile a complete bibliography of
G.Crespi Reghizzi’s works seems to be quite difficult, since, besides professional legal publica-
tions and publishing houses, he willingly published in a variety of places and forms, wrote a lot of
practical and popular scientific works, not to mention the linguistic diversity of his publications.
Nevertheless, the article presents his main works, which made a great contribution to under-
standing the legal system of socialist and post-socialist countries and comparative law.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 67; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Soviet law

value: civil law

value: commercial law

value: international arbitration

value: private law

value: Chinese law

value: Italy

value: Africa

value: India


dc.contributor.author

value: Piccinelli, Gian M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Piccinelli, Gian M. 2023. A comparative overview on agricultural contracts in Sudan. Pravovedenie 67 (3): 272–283. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.302

dc.description.abstract

value:
Sudan, like other African nations, has experienced challenges related to land ownership, aggravated
by its previous status as the largest country in Africa before South Sudan’s secession.
Traditionally, land in Sudan has been held collectively by tribes, managed by chiefs or tribal leaders
through customary regulations. In this system, an individual’s right to land is derived from
their membership in the community or tribe. Specific areas for communal use are exclusively
reserved under customary law, where individuals can access them as a shared resource. This
concept aligns with the notion of a native common good in modern terms, as described by the
economic analysis of law, where ownership rights prevent individuals from excluding others. The
right to exclude others does not apply in this case. These customary traditions remained mostly
unaffected by colonial and post-colonial governments, which introduced a separate land tenure
system based on the state’s authority to allocate land. Alongside these customs, Islam, as a religious
faith, also played a significant role, providing principles and regulations that intertwined
with customary traditions to form a binding body of law. However, the religious rules themselves
are only one component of the living law, whose content is shaped through the interaction with
customary practices. Official land law in Sudan, influenced by colonial practices, has undergone
modifications under successive governments but remains fundamentally rooted in the colonial
land laws. These laws were initially implemented to confiscate large land areas for commercial
farming, particularly cotton production, and to regulate urban residency in support of colonial regime
security. One of the fundamental issues related to rural land tenure stems from the principle
introduced by the British colonial power in 1898, which assumes that unregistered land is owned
by the government unless proven otherwise. Considering the premises, the purpose of this contribution
is to analyse the land laws in Sudan and, in particular, the main type of agrarian contracts.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Sudan

value: agrarian law

value: Shari’a

value: customary law

value: agrarian contracts


dc.contributor.author

value: Zezekalo, Alexander Y.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zezekalo, Alexander Y. 2023. “La Trahison des Images”: Intentional discrepancy between individual will and its declaration. Pravovedenie 67 (3): 305–313. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.304

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper is intended to pursue the old issue of the underlying basis of contracts as well as legal
transactions on the whole. The main idea is, consequently, to explore, using example of vices
of will caused by intentional discrepancy between the internal will and its declaration, which
theoretical pattern should be applied to the legislative regulation, which is in force nowadays
first of all within the civil law legal space. In particular, with the aim of answering, in a way, the
question whether it is really obvious that the dogma of the autonomy of the will here is no longer
the basis of the rules of contract. Brief comparative overview demonstrates that despite the
significantly different viewpoints of the doctrines as to the basis of legal transaction, and above
all, a contract, many legal systems of continental Europe do take a serious account of the subjective
element and proceed openly or implicitly from the necessity that the internal will should
correspond to its external expression. At the same time, within the contract law, in some cases it
is being spoken of consensus and its vices. However, if consensus in such cases means nothing
but agreement on the parties’ intentions, we are still dealing with the same subjective approach,
based to a large extent upon the central idea of the old will theory and its modifications, attaching
at least considerable degree of importance to the individual will.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 67; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: contracts

value: transactions

value: fictitious transactions

value: sham transactions

value: simulation

value: vices of will

dc.title

value: Article


title: Guest editor’s note

dc.contributor.author

value: Borroni, Andrea

value: Cenerelli, Alessandro

dc.identifier.citation

value: Borroni Andrea, Cenerelli Alessandro. 2023. Guest editors’ note. Pravovedenie 67 (3): 261–262.

dc.description.abstract

value: Guest editor’s note

dc.language.iso

value: en


dc.contributor.author

value: Tarikanov, Dmitry V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tarikanov, Dmitry V. 2023. Classification in the european legal systems of exclusive competence of the Rabbinical court in Jewish divorce. Pravovedenie 67 (3): 314–342. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In Israel in the family questions is applicable the religious law of each confession. To the Jewish
people is applicable the religious Jewish law which dates back to the Pentateuch of Moses.
According to that law the divorce is not only the legal, but also the sacral act. The divorce between
the Jewish people is realized in Israel in the religious rabbinical court. The divorce in the
secular court does not have the legal effect from the point of view of religious Jewish law. If the
Jewish spouses wish to get divorced in an european country where the religious courts do not
have the public power, so two concepts come into conflict: the concept of the territorial sovereignty
of the State authority and the concept if the universal power of religion over its followers regardless of their residence. In private international law this conflict expresses in the conflict
of characterization. The requierement of the religious support of divorce is considered as the
substance in law of Israel and as the procedure in law of european countries (Russia, Germany,
France). This article is dedicated to the conflict of civilization, competence and/or characterization,
which consists in the question whether to consider the religious rabbinical court as exclusive
competent and to refer the spouses to get divorced in Israel or to consider the secular court
in an european country as an equivalent replacement of the religious court. Since the French
Court of Cassation rendered its famous decision in the case of Levinçon 1903 where this question
was first posed this question has still not found its unambiguous solution.

value: ru

dc.subject

value: divorce

value: Israel

value: the conflict of characterization

value: private international law

value: rabbinical court

value: religious jurisdiction

value: secular jurisdiction


title: Purpose regulation of human behavior

dc.contributor.author

value: Grishina, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grishina N. V. Purpose regulation of human behavior. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 310–323. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.302 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In descriptions of the determination of human behavior, along with the influences of his past
experience or the current situation, in modern personality psychology, the constructs of the
future (life plans, possible I, etc.) begin to occupy an increasing place, among which the goals
of a person play an important role. Goals are the most important regulator of human activity,
the implementation of which requires an image of the result to which it is aimed (“the model
of the necessary future” according to Bernstein). Goals, in contrast to motives and needs related
to the same phenomenological field, are situational in nature. Lewin’s concept of life space
emphasizes the inextricable connection of a person with situations and the context of life activity;
to concretize this connection, Thomas introduces the concept of “defining a situation”,
Vygotsky — “experiencing”. The notion of purpose must be included in these descriptions:
“defining the situation” is cognitive, “experiencing” describes the affective component of this
connection, “goal” refers to the missing “behavioral” (“efficient”) component; in interaction
with the situation, all these components “work” together, ensuring its understanding, assessment
of significance and its compliance with the goals of the person. In accordance with the
concept of the contextual nature of goals, a level differentiation of goal regulation is proposed,
which appears as tasks to be solved when interacting with specific situations, as goals proper
in a life context, and as meanings when interacting with existential reality. We put the contextual understanding of goals as the basis of a hypothetical model of goal regulation, which was
tested in an empirical study. The results obtained showed the connection between a person’s
goals and the probability of their achievement in the specific conditions of his life situation,
assessed by him in terms of how much he has already managed to realize the plans and expectations
of the past, and the significance of goals in specific areas of life is determined by what
he is ready to do for them, achievements, including changing one’s life situation or changing
oneself. Thus, the thesis about the contextual nature of goals was confirmed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 22-28-00871.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: goal

value: goal regulation

value: contextual nature of goals

value: level differentiation

dc.title

value: Purpose regulation of human behavior

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Martsinkovskaya, Tatiana D.

value: Andreeva (Golubeva), Natalia A.

value: Preobrazhenskaya, Svetlana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Martsinkovskaya T. D., Andreeva (Golubeva) N. A., Preobrazhenskaya S. V. Information identity and perception of information as a new digital everyday life. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, рр. 347–361. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The psychology of everyday life has been studied for a long time and has accumulated a lot of
new data, in contrast to its specificity in the context of a digital society as a digital everyday
life. Objective is to theoretically analyze the difficulties that arise in digital everyday life and
empirically explore new trends in the development of information identity and information
perception. The first study was devoted to the study of the leading way of perceiving and processing
information and its relationship with the level of information awareness and the style
of information identity in two age groups — young people from 16 to 27 years old (N = 100)
and middle-aged people from 27 to 50 years old (N = 80). The second study was devoted to
the relationship between the style of information identity, and the scale of adherence and scale of satisfaction with life in the information society. The respondents in this case were young
people, students of Moscow universities aged from 17 to 25 years (N = 100). Obtained materials
in recent studies gave the opportunity to identify new trends in the ways of perception
and processing of information, as well as in information identity styles in different age groups.
Information awareness in the older age group is much higher than in the group of young
people. At the same time, the digital way of perceiving and processing information in both
age groups is approximately equal and exceeds the percentage of people with other leading
modalities. In the same way, the information style of identity is much more typical for people
of different ages.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00516 “Transitive and
virtual spaces — commonality and differences”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: digital society

value: digital everyday life

value: information awareness

value: way of perceiving information

value: information identitydigital society

value: information identity


dc.contributor.author

value: Shindrikova, Ekaterina V.

value: Lovyagina, Aleksandra E.

value: Ilina, Natalia L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shindrikova E. V., Lovyagina A. E., Ilina N. L. Psychosomatic and behavioral reactions at competitions in female gymnasts 4–10 years old raised in families with different upbringing styles. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 411–424. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.308 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Rhythmic gymnastics is a complex coordination sport with early professionalization. The specifics
of sports training and competitive situations from a young age are accompanied by highintensity
physical and emotional loads, which are stressogenic factors. Frequently repeated
situations of neuropsychological stress can lead to emotional stress, which increases the risk
of psychosomatic reactions. Some features of family upbringing observed in the families of
athletes can increase the risk of psychosomatic reactions. The article is devoted to the study of
the relationship between psychosomatic reactions in a competitive situation in young gymnasts
4–10 years old with the features of family upbringing style, the identification of predictors
of psychosomatic reactions in a competitive situation. The sample of the study consisted
of 44 families with female gymnasts 4–10 years old. The study was conducted with the use of
methods by E. G. Eidemiller ASV, E. S. Schäfer PARI, R. K. Bell, author’s questionnaires “Parent/
Trainer’s perceptions of the child’s experience of the competition situation”. Mathematical
processing of the data included descriptive statistics, Correlation, Single Factor Variance,
Factor and Regression analyses. Psychosomatic and behavioral responses to competition were
found to differ among gymnasts raised in families with different family upbringing characteristics.
It was found that irritability of the parent, irascibility, avoidance of contact, the desire
to accelerate the child’s development, superauthority of the parent and some other features
of family upbringing style are associated with increased neuropsychological excitement, the
emergence of emotional stress. Family parenting style features such as hyperprotection and
emotional distance with the child are prevalent in families of gymnasts 4–10 years old. The
irascibility, severity, lack of parental acceptance and desire to change their child increase the
nervous and mental agitation of young gymnasts in competitive situations. In competitive
situations in female gymnasts 4–10 years old, overauthority of the parent, excessive severity,
avoidance of contact and projection of undesirable qualities onto the child are predictors of
gastrointestinal disturbances.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: psychosomatic reactions

value: family upbringing style

value: predictors of psychosomatization

value: psychological assistance to athletes

value: child and youth sport


dc.contributor.author

value: Odintsova, Maria M.

value: Moskvicheva, Natalia L.

value: Kostromina, Svetlana N.

value: Zinovyeva, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Odintsova M. M., Moskvicheva N. L., Kostromina S. N., Zinovyeva E. V. Ordinary ideas about self-determination of personality: Structure and phenomenology. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 362–374. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the description of ordinary ideas about the phenomenon of selfdetermination,
which is actively discussed in modern scientific literature. The theoretical
foundations for the development of the concept of “self-determination” and a multilevel complementary
model of this phenomenon are presented. The results of the empirical study of
common ideas about this concept as a way of empirical verification of the theoretical model
and clarification of its content are presented. The study was conducted using a semi-structured
interview, the sample consisted of 72 respondents (mean age — 23.7 (SD = 5.34; M0 = 21;
Me = 22)). It was revealed that most of the respondents had not heard about the concept of
self-determination before (63.9 %), however, they can roughly describe its content. Most often,
when describing self-determination, there are such characteristics as self-understanding, selfdetermination
and self-knowledge; independence in behavior; the ability to make decisions;
control over one’s life; striving for results and achievements; the presence of a pronounced
motivation for action; awareness; as well as indications of connection with the concepts of
freedom, responsibility, reflection. The revealed common ideas are consistent with scientific
ideas about self-determination as a set of characteristics and processes of an individual’s activity,
which are distinguished by purposefulness, arbitrary regulation and relative freedom
from external factors. More than half of the respondents (60 %) consider themselves to be
self-determined people, and when describing other people, they consider them to be self-determined,
based primarily on their ability to overcome life’s obstacles. Comparison of the data
obtained with the developed theoretical complementary model of self-determination showed
that in ordinary concepts, it is possible to distinguish the components of all three levels of
the complementary theoretical model: meaningful self-determination (highest level), activity
self-determination (middle level), and spontaneous self-determination (basic level). Mostly,
ordinary ideas contain characteristics of the activity level, however, when differentiating the
concepts of self-regulation and self-determination, the respondents point to the semantic accents
of the phenomenon of self-determination: a mature attitude and responsibility for building
one’s life.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 22-28-00460 “Complementary
model of personality self-determination: theoretical foundations, diagnostic tools, implementation practice”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: self-determination

value: personality

value: subjectness

value: autonomy

value: freewill

value: self-organization

value: self-regulation

value: semantic choice

value: behavior determination

value: level model

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sbitneva, Olga Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sbitneva O. Yu. The practice of intuitive drawing in overcoming the consequences of traumatic stress in combat participants. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2023, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 425–436. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2023.309 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The conditions of modern professional activity of special units of internal affairs bodies are
characterized by a significant intensity of mental stress, as well as a wide variety and heterogeneity
of circumstances that can lead a person into a state of affect, complete disorientation
in the environment. Employees need to assess the situation impartially and make adequate decisions taking into account its unpredictability. In such conditions, the ability to self-control
over your feelings and behavior is very important. A special role in this process is played by the
mental state, which is an important part of the regulation of behavior and is significant in any
kind of activity. Extreme conditions of service create the need for a psychological study of the
emotional states in which the fighters are after participating in hostilities in order to provide
them with timely and necessary psychological assistance. The purpose of this work is to find
the most effective methods of restoring vital resources, especially in conditions of transformation
of society and the growth of social tension. The author adheres to the hypothesis that
the art-therapeutic practice of intuitive drawing is effective in the psychological correction of
negative states. The proposed experience of working with negative emotions of police officers
is effective as a way of expressing personal problems, which makes it possible for a psychologist
not only to determine the direction for psychological work, but also to use this practice in
correcting the negative mental state of an employee. Art therapy, as a creative process, allows
you to feel and understand yourself, express thoughts and feelings freely, get rid of negative
experiences. By drawing, the employee gives an outlet to his feelings, desires, dreams, rebuilds
his attitude to various situations and traumatic images, and also plunges into positive feelings
for a while, distracting himself from negative thoughts and states.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 13; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: professional activity

value: mental states

value: regulation

value: special units

value: intuitive drawing


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhabko, Aleksei P.

value: Karelin, Vladimir V.

value: Provotorov, Vyacheslav V.

value: Sergeev, Sergey M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhabko A. P., Karelin V. V., Provotorov V. V., Sergeev S. M. Optimal control of thermal and wave processes in composite materials. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 403–418. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2023.308 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper indicates the approach and the corresponding him method of penalty functions
for analyzing the problems of optimal control of thermal and wave processes in structural
elements made of composite materials (composites). An object that is quite common in the
industrial sphere, the structure of which is a set of layers (phases) of unidirectional composites
— layered composites, is considered. When solving problems related to the analysis
and description of the states of composites, quantitative characteristics of layers that are not
functions of the coordinates of the points of the medium are usually used in order not to solve
the corresponding problems for an inhomogeneous medium. Such functions are elements of
Sobolev spaces, first of all, functions summable with a square. The convenience lies in the
fact that when finding the conditions for solvability of initial-boundary value problems of
various types (in most cases, such problems are the basis of mathematical models of many
physical processes), it is possible to reduce to operator-difference systems, for which it is
easy to construct a priori estimates of weak solutions. The next step after establishing the
weak solvability of the initial-boundary value problem of the thermal or wave process in
composites is the formulation and solution of the problem of optimal control of these processes.
The proposed method of penalty functions on the example of solving such problems
is a general method. It is applicable with slight modifications also not only in the case of
elliptic, parabolic and other problems (including nonlinear) for scalar functions, but also
for vector functions. An example of the latter is the Navier—Stokes system, widely used in
the description of network-like hydrodynamic processes, considered in Sobolev spaces, the
elements of which are functions with carriers on n-dimensional network-like domains, n ⩾ 2.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 3

value: composite materials

value: layered region

value: initial-boundary value problem

value: weak solvability

value: optimal control

value: method of penalty functions


dc.contributor.author

value: Aleksandrov, Alexander Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aleksandrov A. Yu. Application of the implicit Euler method for the discretization of some classes of nonlinear systems. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 304–319. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2023.301 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of stability preservation under discretization of some classes of nonlinear differential
equations systems is studied. Persidskii systems, Lurie systems of indirect control, and systems whose right-hand sides have a canonical structure are considered. It is assumed
that the zero solutions of these systems are globally asymptotically stable. Conditions are determined
that guarantee the asymptotic stability of the zero solutions for the corresponding
difference systems. Previously, such conditions were established for the case where discretization
was carried out using the explicit Euler method. In this paper, difference schemes are
constructed on the basis of the implicit Euler method. For the obtained discrete systems,
theorems on local and global asymptotic stability are proved, estimates of the time of transient
processes are derived. For systems with a canonical structure of right-hand sides, based
on the approach of V. I. Zubov, a modified implicit computational scheme is proposed that
ensures the matching of the convergence rate of solutions to the origin for the differential
and corresponding difference systems. It is shown that implicit computational schemes can
guarantee the preservation of asymptotic stability under less stringent constraints on the
discretization step and right-hand sides of the systems under consideration compared to the
constraints obtained using the explicit method. An example is presented illustrating the obtained
theoretical conclusions.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: difference systems

value: discretization

value: implicit Euler method

value: asymptotic stability

value: Lyapunov functions

value: conservative numerical methods

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Prokaev, Aleksandr N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Prokaev A. N. Theoretical foundation for solving search problems by the method of maximum entropy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 348–368. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2023.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The traditional problem of search theory is to develop a search plan for a physical object in
the sea or on land. Known algorithms for the optimal distribution of search resources mainly
use the exponential detection function. If we consider the search problem more broadly —
as a problem of searching for various information, then the detection function can differ
significantly from the exponential one. In this case, the solutions obtained using traditional
algorithms may be correct from the point of view of mathematics, but unacceptable from
the point of view of logic. In this paper, this problem is solved on the basis of the maximum
entropy principle. The theorems are proved, as well as their consequences for four types of
detection functions, which make it possible to create algorithms for solving various search
problems based on the principle of maximum entropy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: information theory

value: search theory

value: uniformly optimal search plan

value: detection function

value: maximum entropy principle


dc.contributor.author

value: Andriyanova, Natalya R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andriyanova N. R. Stability of Lurie-type systems with asynchronous and synchronous switching and constant delays. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 320–336. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2023.302 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problems of analysis for systems with synchronous and asynchronous switching have been
actively studied for the linear case. In this paper, a switched system of difference-differential
equations, in which the right-hand side consists of a linear term and an essentially nonlinear
part containing sector-type components is considered. This kind of systems belongs to the
class of Lurie indirect control systems. Sufficient conditions on the system parameters and
the switching law are investigated for asymptotic stability to be guaranteed both in the case
of synchronous switching between subsystems and in asynchronous one. In the latter case it is
supposed that the nonlinear delayed part switches with a lag equal to the corresponding delay.
It is required that stability should be preserved for any constant positive delays. The problem
is solved using the Lyapunov—Krasovsky approach. The functional is chosen that includes a
quadratic form and integrals of nonlinearities. Restrictions that ensure asymptotic stability
for an arbitrary switching law are found. With such an approach for the asynchronous case
these conditions turn out to be less restrictive. By using multiple functionals the restrictions
on the lengths of intervals between switchings are also obtained. This type of conditions are
similar for both cases of synchronous and asynchronous switching. Theoretical results are
demonstrated by a specially selected example.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: nonlinear systems

value: synchronous and asynchronous switching

value: delays

value: Lyapunov—Krasovskii method


dc.contributor.author

value: Shamanaev, Pavel A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shamanaev P. A. On the stability of the zero solution with respect to a part of variables in linear approximation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 374–390. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2023.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the sufficient conditions for stability and asymptotic stability with respect
to a part of the variables of the zero solution of a nonlinear system in the linear
approximation. the case is considered when the matrix of the linear approximation may
contain eigenvalues with zero real parts and the algebraic and geometric multiplicities of
these eigenvalues may not coincide. The approach is based on establishing some correspondence
between the solutions of the investigated system and its linear approximation. The
solutions of such systems starting in a sufficiently small zero neighborhood and the systems
themselves possess the same componentwise asymptotic properties in this case. Such solutions’
properties are stability and asymptotic stability with respect to some variables, and for
systems componentwise local asymptotic equivalence and componentwise local asymptotic
equilibrium. Considering the correspondence between the solutions of systems as an operator
defined in a Banach space, there is proved that it has at least one fixed point according
to the Schauder’s principle. The operator allows to construct a mapping that establishes
the relationship between the initial points of the investigated system and its linear approximation.
Further, a conclusion about the componentwise asymptotic properties of solutions of
the nonlinear system is made on the basis of estimates of the fundamental matrix of the linear
approximation rows’ entries. There is given an example of the investigation of stability
and asymptotic stability with respect to a part of the variables of the zero solution of a nonlinear
system is given, when the linear approximation matrix contains one negative and one
zero eigenvalues, and the algebraic and geometric multiplicities of the zero eigenvalue do not
coincide.

dc.subject

value: ordinary differential equations

value: partial stability

value: local componentwise asymptotic equivalence

value: Schauder principle

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhadan, Anastasia Yu.

value: Wu, Haitao

value: Kudin, Pavel S.

value: Zhang, Yuyi

value: Petrosian, Ovanes L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhadan A. Yu.,Wu H., Kudin P. S., Zhang Y., Petrosian O. L. Microgrid control for renewable energy sources based on deep reinforcement learning and numerical optimization approaches. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 391–402. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2023.307

dc.description.abstract

value:
Optimal scheduling of battery energy storage system plays crucial part in distributed
energy system. As a data driven method, deep reinforcement learning does not require
system knowledge of dynamic system, present optimal solution for nonlinear optimization
problem. In this research, financial cost of energy consumption reduced by scheduling
battery energy using deep reinforcement learning method (RL). Reinforcement learning can
adapt to equipment parameter changes and noise in the data, while mixed-integer linear
programming (MILP) requires high accuracy in forecasting power generation and demand,
accurate equipment parameters to achieve good performance, and high computational cost
for large-scale industrial applications. Based on this, it can be assumed that deep RL based
solution is capable of outperform classic deterministic optimization model MILP. This study
compares four state-of-the-art RL algorithms for the battery power plant control problem:
PPO, A2C, SAC, TD3. According to the simulation results, TD3 shows the best results,
outperforming MILP by 5 % in cost savings, and the time to solve the problem is reduced
by about a factor of three.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by St. Petersburg State University (project ID: 94062114).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: reinforcement learning

value: energy management system

value: distributed energy system

value: numerical optimization


dc.contributor.author

value: Sachkov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sachkov A. V. Examining the possibility of insurance contract conclusion based on utility function. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 369–373. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2023.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of a potential insurance contract conclusion is considered taking into account
client’s money utility function. A basic model is employed for practical calculations and
a formula is proposed and tried for two utility functions corresponding to polar income
decile groups. Conclusions are made with suggested future research directons.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: insurance

value: utility

value: risk


dc.contributor.author

value: Malkova, Yulia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malkova Yu. V. Deformation of a plane modelled by John’s material with a rigid elliptical inclusion loaded by force and moment. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 3, pp. 337–347. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2023.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
An exact analytical solution is obtained for a non-linear problem of elasticity theory for a plane
with a rigid elliptical inclusion. A concentrated force and a moment are applied at the
center of inclusion. The elastic properties of the plane are modeled by John’s harmonic material.
For this material methods of the theory of functions of a complex variable are using for
solving nonlinear plane problems. Nominal stresses and displacements are expressed in terms
of two analytical functions of a complex variable, which are determined from the boundary
conditions on the contour of inclusion. The problems of the action of a concentrated force
and moment on an elliptical core in a plane are considered separately. A comparison with
a similar linear problem is made. The influence of the applied force and moment on the magnitude
of stresses is studied depending on various parameters of the problem. Calculations
of nominal stresses on the contour joining the plane with inclusion are performed.

value: non-linear plane problem

value: rigid elliptical inclusion

value: John’s harmonic material

value: concentrated force and moment

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsvetkov, Yury A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsvetkov, Yury A. 2023. “Forecast and hedging of risks in decision-making by an investigator and a judge”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 649–667. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.306 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study is aimed at determining the role and significance of forecasting in the professional
activities of an investigator and a judge. Methodologically, the study is based on probability
theory, signal theory, project management and risk management. The empirical basis of the
study is criminal cases initiated against judges as well as against investigators and other law
enforcement officials due to negligence. The data of judicial and criminal statistics are used.
The author analyzes the empirical material and solves the problem of forecasting by applying
the approach is due to the classification of investigative and judicial risks proposed by the author
himself according to the nature and content of the consequences of their implementation
on legal (formal and material) and social risks. A qualitative-quantitative methodology for
assessing forensic and investigative risks developed by the author is proposed. The concept of
hedging is introduced into scientific legal circulation as a system of ways to prevent or minimize
the negative consequences of their occurrence. The main conclusion is made about the
need for judges to master the scientific methods of forecasting and managing risks, as well as
to establish clear criteria for liability for grave consequences as a result of gross judicial errors
in forecasting.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: judge

value: investigator

value: justice

value: procedural decision

value: judgement mistake

value: unjust judicial act

value: forecasting

value: management of risks


dc.contributor.author

value: Oganesian, Tigran D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Oganesian, Tigran D. 2023. “Legal framework, limits and standards for the application of the right to be forgotten: The experience of the European Union”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 750–767. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.312 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The right to be forgotten is the right of individuals to exclude, restrict or delete links and personal
information on the Internet. The article focuses on the legal basis of the realization of the
right to be forgotten. In this regard, the provisions of the previously existing Directive 95/46/
EC, the new EU data protection regulation, as well as the case law of the EU Court of Justice
are analyzed. It is noted that despite the fact that the Directive did not directly provide for
this right, nevertheless, its provisions allowed the EU Court to derive the right to be forgotten through an evolutionary interpretation. The author analyzes the doctrinal positions according
to which the realization of the right to be forgotten can lead to censorship of the Internet. It is
noted that if competing rights are not properly balanced, the right to be forgotten can lead to
unjustified censorship on the Internet. Particular attention is paid to the legal positions of the
EU Court, which in 2014, in a ruling in the Google Spain case, for the first time internationally
enshrined the right to be forgotten. The arguments revealing the significance of this resolution
for the subsequent realization of this right are given. With regard to extraterritorial application,
it is noted that the EU Court of Justice is striving for a global application of the right to
be forgotten, allowing member States to adopt more extraterritorial protective mechanisms.
It is noted that until a consistent practice is formed, the right to be forgotten will continue
to remain an “unpredictable” right. In conclusion, the author points out that only time is an
indicator of whether the right to be forgotten can become the most effective way to establish a
balance between government agencies, Internet service providers and Internet users.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: the right to be forgotten

value: data protection

value: privacy

value: Big Data

value: Internet


dc.contributor.author

value: Skripchenko, Nina Yu.

value: Anoshchenkova, Svetlana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Skripchenko, Nina Yu., Svetlana V. Anoshchenkova. 2023. “Exemption from criminal liability with the appointment of a court fine: Application trends and development prospects”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 610–628. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.304 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes statistical data reflecting the trends in the implementation of exemption
from criminal liability with the appointment of a judicial fine. It has been established that the
legislative expansion in 2016 of the exempting norms was reflected not in the level of their
application, but in the structure. The crisis phenomena in the economy that emerged in 2020,
provoked by COVID-19 restrictions, slowed down the growth in the application of Art. 76.2 of
the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, achieved by reducing the level of implementation
of Art. 76 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Expansion Art. 76.2 of the
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contributed to the broad interpretation of the terms
of application by the Ruling of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
By allowing any actions of the perpetrator to be classified as compensatory, provided that they
are legal and do not infringe on the rights of third parties, the Supreme Court of the Russian
Federation laid the foundation for the “reassessment” of the actual circumstances from active
repentance or reconciliation with the victim to compensation for damage and allowed the
extension of exempting norms to persons who have committed acts that harm the public interest.
Sharing the desire of the legislator to reduce the repressiveness of the criminal law, it is
necessary to keep the institution of exemption from criminal liability of an exceptional nature
by limiting the possibility of its application in relation to criminal acts that pose a threat to
national security. The results of the study give reason to doubt the expediency of further regulatory
expansion of the institution under consideration. The best option for reducing the share
of crime is reasonable criminalization and adequate penalization of socially dangerous acts.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: exemption from criminal liability

value: judicial fine

value: make amends

value: structure

value: dynamics

value: national security

value: penalization

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chebotareva, Irina N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chebotareva, Irina N. 2023. “Non-use of subjective rights in Russian criminal proceedings: Causes and consequences”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 629–648. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.305 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The modern paradigm of criminal proceedings, which is based on the idea of the primacy of
the protection of the individual, necessitates not only endowing the participants in the criminal
process with a set of rights that allow them to defend their interests, but also ensuring the
proper level of guarantees for the possibility of their implementation. The article examines the
social and legal significance of the use of rights by participants in criminal proceedings, highlights
and analyzes the possible causes and consequences of non-use. The author comes to the
conclusion that the state and society are interested in the active use of their rights by authorized
subjects. In criminal proceedings, the need for such an implementation is determined
by the expansion of discretion and adversarial principle. As a result of the study, it was found
that the non-use of subjective right in criminal proceedings can be both due to the will of the
person (there is a waiver of subjective right), and not depend on it and be the result of lawful
or unlawful behavior of representatives of public authorities conducting criminal proceedings.
The reason for non-realization of a subjective right in a criminal process may also be the
improper performance by officials of their duties to ensure that participants can exercise their
rights, abuse of power or abuse of power. The article concludes that these reasons cause different
social and legal consequences of non-use of subjective rights: both positive and negative.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-011-
00858.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: ensuring rights

value: individual rights guarantees

value: subjective rights

value: subjective rights waiver

value: dispositivity of criminal proceedings


dc.contributor.author

value: Shulga, Ruslan Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shulga, Ruslan Yu. 2023. “Legal aspects of liability for Holocaust denial in Russia (through the prism of Roman Yushkov case)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 595–609. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.303 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article expounds upon the issue of Holocaust denial and freedom of expression in the
context of Roman Yushkov Case, who posted a link on his social network page to the article
claiming that the number of victims of the Holocaust is greatly exaggerated and well below six
million. Roman Yushkov’s was charged under Art. 281 Part 1 and Art. 3541 Part 1 of the Russian
Criminal Code. A Jury acquitted him, having considered the arguments provided by the
defence about Yushkov’s intentions only to stimulate a public debate about the number of the
Holocaust victims by his publications. The Supreme Court upheld this decision. In this paper
will examine the history and development of Holocaust denial, will examine Holocaust and
other genocides laws globally. The author describe how the trend of the revisionism. Revisionism
is an academic approach that recognizes that traditional narratives of history may not be
entirely accurate and should be reviewed and revised as new information comes to the surface.
At the national level have enacted a variety of laws, ranging the criminalize Holocaust denial
and other genocides, Nazi ideology promoted through speech, symbols or public association
or can be used to prosecute individuals who deny the Holocaust. These laws are intended to
prevent the return any public reemergence of Nazi views. There are now essentially four types
of regimes in this domain, in terms of scope of the offence of genocide denial. Most nations
of the European Union (as well as Israel and Russian Federation) criminalize Holocaust denial.
Despite the threat of criminal prosecution, however, Holocaust denial have taken on a
cult-like following of their own on the internet. The article concludes about the contradictory
of Russian law enforcement practice, Russian judicial system drawbacks, as well the system
preparation of representatives of the legal profession.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 3

value: Holocaust denial

value: historical revisionism

value: genocide denial

value: rehabilitation of Nazism

value: international case-law

value: Russian case-law

value: freedom of expression

value: human rights


dc.contributor.author

value: Kustova, Margarita V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kustova, Margarita V. 2023. “Producer subsidies: Legal problems in the context of economic inhomogeneity”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 580–594. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.302 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Continuing to consistently maintain the public nature of relations on the provision of subsidies
to producers of goods, works and services, the author turns to the identification of their
economic essence. In this context, we note the legislator’s departure from the classical understanding
of a subsidy, the transformation of the gratuitousness nature of subsidies and, in
some cases, the obvious conventionality of the legislator’s reference to this instrument. Special
attention in the article is paid to the study of economic heterogeneity of subsidies to cover the costs or loss of income of producers, the structure of which is analysed as independent types
of subsidies for the reimbursement of relevant costs in the case of imperative involvement of
producers in the implementation of public functions; incentive subsidies, and subsidies as an
alternative to state (municipal) procurement. The legislator considers the peculiarities of the
economic nature of the considered types of subsidies as a necessary prerequisite for ensuring
proper legal certainty in the regulation of the relevant relations and increasing the level
of guarantees for the protection of their participants. The research into the differences in the
economic nature of the relations accompanied by the provision of subsidies to producers to
cover costs or loss of income leads the author to the conclusion that there are basis both for
the differentiation of approaches at the level of law to establish the legal framework of their
public regulation, and for identifying the permissible limits of application of civil law to them.
At the same time, the author believes that this does not preclude the universalization, within
certain limits, of public rules on subsidies, primarily in terms of establishing basic guarantees
of protection for the participants of the relevant relations.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: producer subsidies

value: promoting subsidies

value: subsidies to income losses

value: repayment of subsidies

value: gratuitousness subsidies

value: public regulation of subsidies

value: an alternative to public procurement

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Postoeva, Evgenia A.

value: Shestak, Viktor A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Postoeva, Evgenia A., Viktor A. Shestak. 2023. “International legal framework on maritime piracy”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 703–720. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.309

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the phenomenon of piracy crimes based on the study of the international
legal framework. The goal set by the authors is to identify possible ways and mechanisms by
which States will be able to carry out effective international cooperation to bring pirates to
justice and reduce the number of pirate attacks. The authors note that the beginning of the
development of the efforts of the international community in the field of combating piracy
falls in the middle of the 19th century. Further attempts to create a treaty at the beginning
of the 20th century did not lead to success, but laid the foundation for the adoption of the
1958 Convention on the High Seas and the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea,
which contain the universally recognized concept of piracy. The authors analyze the
main elements of the crime of piracy (an illegal act of violence or detention, or any act of
depredation; private ends; the “rule of two ships”; outside the jurisdiction of any State) and
consider controversial issues of interpretation of these elements. Attention is drawn to the
fact that existing sources aimed at countering piracy crimes include the obligation of States
to cooperate. Since they do not contain specific forms of international cooperation, but are
only limited to a general obligation to provide assistance to the maximum extent possible, the
authors consider it appropriate to interpret the obligation of cooperation broadly to include
such forms as extradition and mutual legal assistance in the prosecution of piracy crimes. The
authors investigate the activities of international and regional organizations in the field of
combating piracy and their proposed methods and mechanisms aimed at reducing crime on
the high seas. The initiatives proposed by the Russian Federation to combat piracy are being
considered.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 14; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: maritime crime

value: maritime piracy

value: armed robbery against ships

value: high seas

value: universal jurisdiction

value: international cooperation

value: mutual legal assistance

value: maritime security


dc.contributor.author

value: Vylegzhanin, Alexander

value: Zinchenko, Olga I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vylegzhanin, Alexander N., Olga I. Zinchenko. 2023. “Cases relating to the Law of the Sea: Issues of jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 3: 686–702. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.308

dc.description.abstract

value:
The law of the sea (LOS) cases regularly appear on the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ)
docket, allowing it to rule on important substantive aspects of this branch of international
law. The article focuses on the way these cases have “carved” the Court’s approaches to jurisdictional
issues throughout its history. Combining theoretic and practical considerations, the
study explores and assesses each jurisdictional basis set forth in Art. 36 of the Statute of the
ICJ through the lens of law of the sea disputes considered by the Court: special agreements,
jurisdictional clauses of treaties and “Optional clause” declarations. The study also analyses
the modern trends in the settlement of the law of the sea disputes in the ICJ, their root causes,
the practical “strengths and weaknesses” of various jurisdictional tools for seizin the ICJ, as
well as the consequences of some of its key judgments for the future of dispute resolution in
the law of the sea. The article also challenges — from a purely legal standpoint — the relevant
terms (jurisdiction, competence, reservations and conditions) used in academic sources, political
discourse and even in official documents on the jurisdiction of the Court. Due to a
variety of fora that may be chosen by States to refer the LOS disputes, the study offers a helpful
recapitulation of how the Court’s general approaches to jurisdiction were applied in the specific
context of the LOS cases, which may serve as a basis for further comparative studies of
jurisdictional approaches of other bodies competent to deal with the LOS disputes, inter alia
providing valuable information for decision-makers on the prospects of lodging a potential
application.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: law of the sea

value: jurisdiction

value: competence

value: optional clause

value: unilateral declaration

value: compromis

value: special agreement

value: compromissory clause

value: forum prorogatum