dc.contributor.author

value: Vieweg, Klaus

value: Ivanenko, Anton A.

value: Muravev, Andrei N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vieweg K., Ivanenko A. A., Muravev A. N. The relevance of J. G. Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre (towards the 260th anniversary of the thinker’s birth). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 547–561. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.409 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
260 years since the birth of Fichte give a good reason to turn to his Wissenschaftslehre, which,
together with Kant’s critical philosophy, is a bridge from the past to the future state of philosophical
and scientific culture. The first and second parts of the article explore the little-known
to Russian historians of philosophy controversy about the spirit and letter of Kant’s teaching,
which flared up at the end of the 18th century in Germany and had a discrepancy between Kant’s
intention to turn metaphysics into a science and the negative result of all three of his “Critics”
in this point. In a dispute with Reinhold, Kreuzer, Schulze (Enesidem), Schmid and Krug,
who interpreted Kant’s critical philosophy as based on sensory-rational experience, Friedrich
Schlegel, Schelling and Hegel acted as a united front on the side of Fichte. Their consolidation
was needed in order, in the struggle against the quasi-philosophy of their time, to support the
movement started by Kant and continued by Fichte to reveal the basis of experience, neutralizing
dogmatic and skeptical conclusions from the naive-realistic theory of knowledge. In the
third part of the article, the reason for this instructive controversy is clarified and it is shown
that the innovations of the late period of Fichte’s work do not concern the monistic principle
of Wissenschaftslehre, but affect that has become negative the thinker’s attitude to the history of
philosophy. It is concluded that the need to overcome Fichte’s ahistorism does not detract, but,
on the contrary, only increases the relevance of Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre as one of the most
important moments of the historical development of the logical method.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-011-
00746 A.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 38; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Fichte

value: Kant

value: transcendental idealism

value: naive realism

value: skepticism

value: history of philosophy

value: logical method

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vodop’yanov, Pavel A.

value: Danilov, Alexander N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vodop’yanov P. A., Danilov A. N. The decline of technogenic civilization: Sufficient development strategy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2022, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 612–621. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.414

dc.description.abstract

value:
The first quarter of the 21st century was marked by global instability. Sharp climate changes,
biodiversity loss, exponential population growth, a lack of natural resources and living space,
environmental pollution form a complex of current global issues that pose a threat to the humanity’s
future. The article demonstrates the destructive nature of the established consumer
vector of development, which underlies the modern economic model, and also reveals the
negative aspects of scientific and technological progress that led to the global environmental
crisis. Overcoming these negative trends presupposes the choice of new strategies for socioeconomic
development, which are based on its alignment with the laws of evolution of the
biosphere. The achievement of a secure future implies the preservation of natural ecosystems
considering their ability to self-repair disturbed processes within the economic capacity of the
biosphere, since its excess leads to a violation of the biological cycle of energy and matter, and
to the ecological imbalance in the biosphere. Taking into account the patterns of conservation
of natural ecosystems and the biosphere as a whole, the authors propose the strategy of
sufficient development, and determine related implementation measures. They include development
of environmentally safe technologies and the approval of a new humanism as a
necessary condition for achieving a secure future. The authors argue there is a need in the
radical revision of value orientations in order to achieve a secure future. This revision presupposes
redirecting people from the anthropocentric orientation in relation to nature to the
bio-anthropocentric orientation, which takes into account the need to preserve nature and the
spiritual world, and preserves the moral foundations of the development of society.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: natural environment

value: strategy of sufficient development

value: future of mankind

value: ecological crisis

value: new humanism

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhuzhzhalov, Mikhail B.

value: Popova, Polina I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhuzhzhalov, Mikhail B., Popova, Polina I. 2022. Key historically developed layers of German AGB law. Pravovedenie 66 (4): 422–447. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is an attempt to outline the so called “AGB-Recht” of Germany in an unconventional
way, and years of contemplation have left the author to think that this part of German law is nothing
but an aggregation of historically developed layers which sustained their sway due to their
practical significance, however do not constitute a coherent body of principles that causes numerous
conflicts between adopted approaches, notwithstanding the fact that it is a minutely elaborated
legal institute. The author commences analysis with general overview of norms and case
law that influenced its development and turns to examination of each layer insofar as its influence
is traceable in the law or in court practice. The author has to admit lacking coherency in a number
of cases. Among others: no definite transition to abstract fairness of clauses control and underestimation
of objective interpretation in this regard, disregard of the fact that the contract with standard
terms consists of both individual and non-individual (superindividual) elements, hesitative attempts
to bases solutions on prevention. Also, the institute reveals inefficiency when, on the one
hand, stimulation of the parties using standard terms not to abuse their power to determine them
is not effective, and on the other hand, fairness of clauses control accompanied by inadmissibility
for the courts to restate clauses leaves them in total uncertainty as to which clauses could be used
and making them to search for correct formula, sometimes for years. At the same time, protection
of their counterparties is substantially diminished when clauses control leads only to exclusion of
unfair clauses but practically lacks tools to supply the counterparty with additional rights when
necessary. Since interpretative gap-filling barely solves this problem, the issue remains within the
ambit of legislature that may imperatively supply the contracts with necessary additional rights
and securities. The article delivers critical analysis of the institute and does not serve the audience
as the source of all necessary references to case law and legal scholarship.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 66; Issue 4

value: contract of adhesion

value: unfair contract terms

value: fairness of clauses control

value: good faith

value: interpretative gap-filling

value: private law prevention


dc.contributor.author

value: Lyandres, Semion

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lyandres S. In the Hallways of the Tauride Palace during the February Days of 1917: Memoirs of a Veteran Staffer of the Duma Chancellery А. А. Kondrat’ev. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1365–1383. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.418 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This publication presents an autobiographical account of the February Days in Petrograd by a
long-standing mid-level staffer of the Duma Chancellery, Aleksandr Alekseevich Kondrat’ev
(1876–1967). The author spent the first days of the February Revolution inside the Tauride
Palace and diligently recorded his impressions, some of which he also shared in letters to his
contemporaries. Later, he systematized what he had remembered and turned it into a cohesive
narrative published below. His reflections on the revolution’s key moments offer a unique perspective
of a well-informed insider who at the same time remains detached from party politics
and allegiances. It is from inside the Tauride Palace, from its offices and hallways that the
author witnessed the meteoric rise (and soon, the precipitous downfall) of the propertied but
nevertheless revolutionary Fourth Duma, as well as the breakdown of the old political and social
order. His testimony augments some of the established views on the attitudes and behavior
of contemporaries caught up in the revolutionary whirlwind. Of special interest is the author’s
testimony about his fellow Duma Chancellery staffers who — unlike insurgents and Duma
politicians who flocked into the revolutionary headquarters in the wake of the unprecedented
popular uprising that engulfed the capital city — came to the Tauride Palace on 27 February
to fulfill their bureaucratic duty, that is to ensure orderly functioning of the Duma apparatus.
The text below is supplemented by textual and contextual annotations incorporating the most
up-to-date scholarship.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Research and writing of this publication was generously supported by Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg (Institute
for Advanced Study), Delmenhorst, Lower Saxony.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

value: A. A. Kondrat’ev

value: February Revolution

value: Tauride Palace

value: Duma Chancellery

value: M. V. Rodzianko

value: Ia. V. Glinka

value: B. M. Vitenberg

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sechin, Daniil S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sechin, Daniil S. 2022. Problems of the uncertainty of law through the prism of the metamodern. Pravovedenie 66 (4): 448–467. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the study is to form the fundamental problems of interpretation of legal texts on the
basis of modern philosophical approaches, as well as the search for possible ways to overcome
them. The focus of the article is the legal interpretation in international law, due to a number
of special characteristics, like the extreme diversity of cultural and legal traditions, the relative
primitiveness of international relations, etc. The author does not seek to draw prescriptive conclusions,
but to describe descriptively the workings of the language of law, its understanding
and use. The problem of the perception of texts is not new for science, but the relevance of
this work is related to the analysis of the postmodernist critique of the interpretation of law. The
main part of this critique focuses on two fundamental problems: semantic indeterminacy, when
subjects put different meanings into the words they use, and also structural indeterminacy,
demonstrated by M. Koskenniemi, when the arguments of the parties are seen as equivalent,
making it impossible to make a truly reasoned choice between the arguments presented by the
parties. Overcoming postmodernist criticism is possible on the basis of the concept of metamodern,
which implies overcoming the main ideas and concepts of the modern and postmodern
era. General scientific methods are used, in particular, deduction — to apply the concept
of metamodern to individual problems of interpretation, as well as induction — to form general
conclusions based on the analysis of the practice of interpretation of legal texts. The removal of
the postmodern thesis of semantic indeterminacy of texts is based on the appeal to the ideas of
modernity about the establishment of rules of interpretation and acceptance of certain limits of
reasonable interpretation. Overcoming the identified structural ambiguity in the application of
legal norms lies in rethinking the universal hierarchical organized system of values of modernity.
In the modern world, a system with quasi-hierarchical values operates, where, in the absence of
an explicitly constructed universal hierarchy, states view some values as higher in priority than
others, making it possible for courts to choose between value-based arguments.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 66; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: international law

value: interpretation

value: legal uncertainty

value: meatamodern

value: semantic uncertainty

value: structural uncertainty


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreeva, Tatiana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreeva T. V. The Origins of Conservative Ideology in Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1384–1395. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.419 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review is devoted to the analysis of the book “Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries. Russian
Conservative Thought and Politics in the Reign of Alexander I” by the famous American
historian Alexander Martin dedicated to the history of Russian conservatism in the first quarter
of the 19th century. The author explores the process of formation of conservative ideology
in politics, Russian social thought, culture, and also reveals its origins, defines features that
are distinctive from the liberal doctrine. Against the broad background of the political and
cultural life of Russia at that time, the complex relationship of various systems of conservative
ideology is shown. It is demonstrated that the religious conservatism of such prominent
defenders of Catholicism and Orthodoxy as Mestre and Sturdza, the clash of their opposite
positions, disputes about the historical fate and civilizational purpose of Christianity, as well
as the romantic nationalism of A. S. Shishkov and S. N. Glinka and the noble conservatism of
N. M. Karamzin and F. V. Rostopchin reflected the search for new forms of anti-revolutionary
conservative worldview. The position of Alexander Martin is especially noteworthy in relation
to the significant contribution of conservative thinkers of Alexander’s reign to the formation
of state policy in the interests of Russia, the formation of the foundations of civil society, the
development of national identity, Russian culture and language. The author comes to a reasonable
conceptual conclusion that although the early conservatives did not develop a single
ideology, they laid the foundation for various forms of Russian conservatism in the second
quarter of the 19th — early 20th century.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Alexander I

value: conservative ideology

value: social thought

value: national identity


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhang, Xingmei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhang, Xingmei. 2022. China’s mode of electronic reform for court records. Pravovedenie 66 (4): 360–370. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.401

dc.description.abstract

value:
The development of information technology has made the electronic reform of court records
possible. As a new type of court records media, audio-video recordings have attracted attention
worldwide. Driven by the National Informatisation and Internet Power strategies, China has
formed its own operational paradigm in this regard. According to Several Provisions of the Supreme
People’s Court on the Audio-Video Recordings of Courts Trials by the People’s Courts,
electronic reforms for court records in China currently follow a quasi-parallel paradigm, in which
audio-video recordings may replace traditional trial transcripts within the scope of summary
procedure with the consent of the parties involved. This mode of reform is consistent with China’s
tradition of gradual reform. It is not only affirms the application of information technology
in the court record system but also considers differences in procedures. However, it is more
similar to a “prudent attempt” at electronic reforms made under the existing legal framework
of litigation, representing a bridge between legislation and judicial practice, and has not responded
to the impact of information technology on the court record system to the maximum
extent. From the theoretical perspectives of essentialism and functionalism, the standard mode
of electronic reform for court records needs to be prioritised by the courts by considering the
rights of litigants. A parallel paradigm can then be constructed, whereby audio-video recordings
hold the same legality as trial transcripts. Furthermore, this reform process should strengthen
the coordination mechanisms between the development of legality, system coordination, and a
balance of interests to effectively guarantee electronic reforms for court records.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is supported by National Social Science Fund Project ‘Empirical Study on Civil Online
Litigation’(22CFX065).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: audio-video recording

value: trial transcript

value: court record

value: online litigation

value: online court

value: information technology

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Primakov, Denis Ya.

value: Rudokvas, Anton D.

value: Tenberga, Inese

dc.identifier.citation

value: Primakov, Denis Ya., Rudokvas, Anton D., Tenberga, Inese. 2022. The Salam transaction in the Islamic tradition and its application in Islamic banking. Pravovedenie 66 (4): 408–421. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article reveals some features of the “Salam” contract which refers to the purchase of a
commodity for deferred delivery in exchange for immediate payment. The structure of the
Salam Contract changes the logic of ordinary sales contracts, hereby article focuses on differentiation between pre-paid Salam Contract on the one hand and the sales of goods contract
(bay’) and the concept of advanced payment on the other hand. Part 2 of the article highlights
the Salam Contract as a type of pre-delivery finance instrument based on the Islamic banking
theory and practice. As a banking instrument, the salam agreement is primarily aimed at implementing
pre-delivery financing of the real sector of the economy, which makes it possible to
adjust, plan, replenish and accelerate the turnover of funds of both Islamic banks themselves
and their counterparties. Nevertheless, the mechanism of implementing salam in the activities
of Islamic banks is primarily aimed at forming contractual relations with reliable and financially
stable counterparties. With the help of salam, the Islamic bank acts as a participant in trade in
the domestic and foreign markets. Under the Salam agreement, the Islamic bank mainly buys
goods whose prices are quoted on international commodity exchanges or on Islamic financial
and trading platforms. Along with cooperation with companies operating in the export-import
industry, this type of purchase and sale is an effective way of pre-delivery financing of agricultural
producers. The article observes also a discussion over Salam Contract application for the
market of shares. One point of view on this issue is that the shares have the signs of the individually
defined things and thus do not meet the mandatory feature of the salam transaction.
Another opinion insists that the shares correspond to all the characteristics of generic items,
including the ability to determine their properties and the ability to order (deliver) them. There
are also other intermediate points of view.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 66; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: salam transaction

value: pre-delivery financing

value: Islamic banking

value: trade

value: purchase and sale

value: advance payment


dc.contributor.author

value: Alekseev, Aleksey I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alekseev A. I. On the Unknown Historical Work by Feofan Prokopovich. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1350–1364. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.417 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article introduces a previously unknown text of the Genealogy of Russian Sovereigns
from the collections of the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library, which
contains the engraving program of A. F. Zubov’s “Portrait of Catherine I surrounded by medallions
with portraits of Russian princes and tsars” of 1725. It also reveals the source of this
“Genealogy” in the form of a historical and genealogical introduction to the anonymous “History
of Peter the Great”, in which Peter is presented the “fifty-sixth” ruler of Russia descending
from Rurik. The process of textological research has enabled to establish a connection between
these sources and the “Genealogy of Russian Sovereigns” compiled by Feofan Prokopovich,
which contained 34 signature texts for P. Pikart’s engraving “Peter I in the genealogy”. The
results of the study allow us to attribute both discovered monuments to Feofan Prokopovich.
The research also defines that one of the most important means of legitimizing the power of a
female ruler was the likening of Empress Catherine to Grand Duchess Olga. As a result of the
study of the anonymous “History of Peter the Great”, a number of works by Feofan Prokopovich
have been identified in its text. An examination of the lists of the anonymous history of
Peter in the collections of the National Library of Russia as well as comparison between these
texts and the works of Feofan Prokopovich enable to substantiate the hypothesis about the
authorship of F. Prokopovich regarding this compilation history.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within
the framework of the scientific project No. 20-09-42025/20 “The Petrine era in the documents of the Department
of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

value: source studies

value: Genealogy of Russian Sovereigns

value: Feofan Prokopovich

value: anonymous History of Peter the Great


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, Eduard A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov, Eduard A. 2022. The nature of the international legal personality of the Order of Malta. Pravovedenie 66 (4): 371–385. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides a theoretical analysis of historical roots and the nature of international legal
personality of the Order of Malta. The Order was established in 1048 to provide medical support
to the wounded and sick pilgrim in the Holy Land. In the following years, the Order became military
functions and participated in the Crusades. Power over territory and population was never
the main mission of the Order. In the author’s opinion, the Order of Malta was rather a platform
for cooperation of knights from different countries. However, in 16th–18th centuries, in the time
of the development of the concept of international legal personality, the Order of Malta has a
territorial sovereignty over Malta and the neighbourhood islands. It became a status of subject
of international law at the same time as states. A question regarding sovereignty of the Order
of Malta and of its status as a subject of international law arises after the occupation of Malta
by the Army of Napoleon in 1798 and the decision of the Vienna congress concerning Malta in
1814. The article justifies a crucial role of the constitutive theory of recognition for the continuation
of the international legal personality of the Order of Malta after the loss of territory. The
author also provides an overview of the Orden’s governance framework, laws and international
treaties. In light of current debates about the necessity of constitutional reforms in the Order of
Malta, the nature of the Order’s international legal personality represents a great academic and
practical interest.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Order of Malta

value: international law

value: international legal personality

value: subjects of international law

value: recognition in international law

value: constitutive theory of recognition

value: declarative theory of recognition

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Molodyko, Kirill Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Molodyko, Kirill Yu. 2022. Compulsory financial ombudsman under the regulator’s umbrella: Testing a new model of dispute settlement. Pravovedenie 66 (4): 386–407. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.403

dc.description.abstract

value:
In post-Soviet countries, the courts are not always effective in resolving consumer disputes.
I compare the models of organizing the work of financial ombudsmen in Russia, Kazakhstan,
Azerbaijan and Armenia, as well as plans for its implementation in Kyrgyzstan and Belarus. Models
of compulsory mediation in a number of European jurisdictions are also analyzed. In some
countries there is a tendency towards an increase in the influence of the regulator on the work
of financial ombudsmen. The reform of the Russian financial ombudsman is the first attempt at
introducing a new compulsory ombudsman model for financial markets. It will be a mandatory
stage initiation of a lawsuit in a civil court. The new Russian model is unique, differing both from
the models established in the countries of the European Union (centralized, decentralized, professional
association), as well as models implemented in other post-Soviet countries. The Russian
financial ombudsman model is essentially a combination of Italian compulsory mediation
on the basis of coercion before the dispute is considered by the court, and the English financial
ombudsman on the basis of a vertical system headed by a sole chairman who is de facto appointed
by the financial services regulator, while membership in this system of financial institutions
that provide regulated services is generally mandatory. Whether the compulsory financial
ombudsman under the Central Bank ‘umbrella’ will manifest itself positively or negatively will
determine the possibility of extending this scheme to other categories of consumer disputes in
the financial markets and such as housing construction and repair, utilities, and telecommunications
with many small and medium consumer claims. Furthermore, since a number of post-
Soviet countries continue to rely on the Russian experience, in such countries there may be an
expansion of mandatory ombudsmen under the umbrella of regulators as well.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 66; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: consumer protection

value: compulsory financial ombudsman

value: regulatory body competence

value: alternative dispute resolution

value: mandatory pre-trial procedure


dc.contributor.author

value: Mironov, Boris N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mironov B. N. Was the Orthodox Church in the Rearguard of the February Revolution? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 4, рp. 1396–1406. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.420 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article evaluates the second edition of M. A. Babkin’s monograph “The Priesthood and the
Kingdom” in the context of numerous reviews of the first edition. Most historians think that
the Russian Orthodox Church was an uncomplaining tool in the hands of the state during the
synodal period. According to Babkin, the leadership of the Orthodox Church was dissatisfied
with its position, was burdened by state control and sought to gain self-government. By
supporting the Provisional Government, the hierarchs hoped to gain new prerogatives, but
they miscalculated. The first edition of monograph caused heated debate. Many reviewers
recognized the conclusions of the author; some objected to certain provisions, the adequacy
of sources and methodology. According to B. N. Mironov, many of Babkin’s findings are
well-reasoned, but he doubts the assessment of the degree of democracy of the hierarchs and
the clergy in general and their ability to influence the course of events. In 1985, Gregory Freeze
challenged the point of view about the Russian Orthodox Church as a servant of the state. In
his opinion, after the reforms of Peter the Great and until 1917, the Church retained the status
of an institution parallel to the state apparatus and firmly defended its prerogatives, remaining
a force to be reckoned with by the authorities. By 1917, the alliance between the throne
and the altar had disintegrated, and the Orthodox Church had become a prominent factor in
the revolution. In fact, Babkin, using other sources and a theological approach, reasonably
supported and developed Freeze’s opinion, which would be correctly called the concept of
Freeze-Babkin.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Russian Revolution of 1917

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: confrontation between church and monarchy

value: new concept of relationship between church and state


title: Chief editor's note

dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belov, Sergey. 2022. Chief editor's note. Pravovedenie 66 (4): 357–359.

dc.description.abstract

value: Chief editor's note

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreyuk, Denis S.

value: Ochkovskaya, Marina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreyuk D. S., Ochkovskaya M. S. 2022. Relevance of context of brand mentions in fiction to the contemporary brand values and target audience (the case of Nestlé in K. Chukovsky’s memoirs about A. Akhmatova). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 21 (4): 527–547. http://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2022.402

value:
In the theory of brand management, the influence of brand mentions in fiction on the perception
of a brand by the target audience remains unexplored. One position is based on the fact that any
brand mentions are valuable, and the bigger the audience coverage of a literary source, the greater
its value. Another approach is based on evaluation of the quality of audience of a literary work.
The analysis of the contemporary readership of works created in the past centuries is a difficult
task. This paper proposes an approach to analyze the value of brand mentions in literature from
the perspective of quantitative semantics. The methodology includes the transformation of an array
of words from a literary fragment and a text reflecting brand values, translated from the official
website into vectors of frequencies of semantic groups of Roget’s Thesaurus. As a standard for
comparison, the verbalization of the values of the target group was used. All three vectors were
compared with each other in pairs according to the cosine proximity formula. The analysis was
carried out on the example of the mention of one of Nestlé’s products in memoirs about Anna
Akhmatova by K. Chukovsky. The standard target group was the contemporary Russian youth
in the age of 14–23 years old. The study demonstrated that the values of the group are relatively
distant from the context of mention. The semantic context of the literary fragment is different
from Nestlé’s values and is further away from the values of the young people as compared to the
postulated official brand values. This methodology can be useful for automatic or semi-automatic
analysis of brand mentions in works of literature. The proposed approach can be developed and adapted for a deep context-dependent analysis of brand mentions in the media, social networks
and transcripts of oral speech.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 21; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: brand

value: literature

value: value

value: Nestlé

value: youth

value: Akhmatova

value: Chukovsky

value: Roget’s thesaurus

value: quantitative semantic analysis

value: semantic vectorization


dc.contributor.author

value: Latukha, Marina O.

value: Kriklivetc, Anna A.

value: Podgainyi, Felix V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Latukha M. O., Kriklivetc A. A., Podgainyi F. V. 2022. Perception of talent management practices by different generations of employees. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 21 (4): 601–628. http://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2022.405 (In Russian)

value:
Talent diversity is now an important characteristic of any organization. The ability of companies
to attract, develop, and retain employees, who differ in their gender, age, generation, nationality,
etc., affects firm performance and forms unique competitive advantages. Representatives of different
generations are active participants in the global and local labor markets who at the same
time differ in terms of values, attitudes, and perceptions. That is why, modern companies adapt
and develop existing management practices for such employees, through creating talent management
systems for different generations. However, the question of effectiveness of using the existing
practices remains debatable and requires further research inquiries. This study is aimed at
identifying differences in the perception of talent management practices among employees from
different generations who may value different aspects of their working experience. The research
results would allow companies to identify the most significant practices, increase their effectiveness,
and achieve higher long-term results through increasing the levels of satisfaction among
their employees.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: talent

value: talented employees

value: talent management

value: generation

value: talent attraction

value: talent development

value: talent retention


dc.contributor.author

value: Aray, Yulia N.

value: Veselova, Anna S.

value: Knatko, Dmitri M.

value: Levchenko, Anna V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aray Y. N., Veselova A. S., Knatko D. M., Levchenko A. V. 2022. Creating a circular economy with and without plastic: A strategic challenge for SIBUR. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 21 (4): 575–600. http://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2022.404 (In Russian)

value:
The teaching case can be used for the in-depth study of circular economy principles by university
students. The case reveals the concept of “circular economy” and allows to analyze the
implementation of circular economy principles in SIBUR’s activities. The case considers the areas
and models of circular economy principles application, determinants of SIBUR’s transition to
circular economy, specificities of circular economy development in Russia. The case of SIBUR,
whose main activity is associated with the processing of oil products into polymeric materials,
allows to discuss the issues related to opportunities, limitations, reasonableness and prospects
of introducing and development of circular economy. The case describes the challenges faced
by petrochemical companies — the anti-plastic trend, on the one hand, and the uniqueness of
plastic as a lightweight, recyclable material, on the other hand. The case pays much attention not
only to global trends in the field of processing and the introduction of the principles of a circular
economy, but also to the institutional features of the development of this sphere in Russia. The
case can be used on different levels of educational programs in the courses on strategic management,
business modeling, supply chain management and sustainable development. The solutions
proposed by students can be applied both in the current situation in the company and the external
environment, as well as in the future development of the sphere with focus on the trends.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research was supported by St. Petersburg State University (project No. ID 41108225).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 21; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: circular economy

value: SIBUR

value: petrochemistry

value: plastic

value: carbon footprint

value: innovations

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Berezinets, Irina V.

value: Nikulin, Egor D.

value: Okulov, Vitaly L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berezinets I. V., Nikulin Е. D., Okulov V. L. 2022. Assessment of the feasibility of establishing financial slack in a company: The model and its empirical verification. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 21 (4): 497–526. http://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2022.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Financial slack refers to excessive financial resources of a company that exist in addition to those
that are necessary for operating activities. Is it feasible for a company to create financial slack? The
answer to this question is ambiguous. On the one hand, the existence of slack provides a company
with resources that can be used, for example, in case of financial constraints or for investing. On
the other hand, the creation of financial slack means that the underlying cash reserves cannot be used for other purposes, for example, for distribution to stockholders. The paper presents the
model for valuing a company’s financial slack that builds on the investment motive for forming
the slack. The slack itself is considered to be a real option. The proposed model stipulates the conditions
under which the creation and storage of financial slack is expedient. Those conditions are
determined by the current value of business as well as by its riskiness. The empirical verification
of the model was conducted by using the sample of 180 Russian public companies, the shares of
which were traded in 2012–2019. The study confirmed that the return on financial slack in the
current period will be higher specifically for those companies which were recommended to form
financial slack in the prior period according to the proposed theoretical model.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: asset value

value: riskiness of business

value: financial slack

value: investment motive

value: real option


dc.contributor.author

value: Chen, Shenglong

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chen Sh. 2022. Operating in international markets through cross-border e-commerce: A practitioners’ perspective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 21 (4): 548–574. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2022.403

dc.description.abstract

value:
As the global business environment continuously evolves, the cross-border e-commerce becomes
an essential part of international markets. This research analyzes practitioners’ perception of the
cross-border e-commerce as an emerging channel to expand and operate in the global market
and explores the platform structural performance determinants. We conducted the content and
statistical analyses based on 35 interviews and constructed database of 150 observed companies.
Deploying the springboard approach as the theoretical underpinning, we find the cross-border
e-commerce optimal for companies to respond to the global turmoil in the short term and to
achieve internationalization in the long term which serves as the most desirable option for firms
to conduct cross-border commercial activities. The personalization in multiple language choices,
reliable payment system settings, and clear website privacy commitment are the major factors.
The diversity of language settings has the most significant positive influence on the cross-border
e-commerce performance. This research contributes to the literature on the internationalization
of firms and operation strategy in the global market enhancing the knowledge of operating crossborder
e-commerce through the comparison with conventional internationalization paradigms
and the examination of specific platform setting factors. International entrepreneurs can also
benefit by understanding the practical specifications of the cross-border e-commerce and looking
at platform structural performance determinants. The managerial implication suggested in
this paper can be applied in their strategic decision-making which enhances a firm performance
and helps to engage with the global economy.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 21; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: cross-border e-commerce

value: enterprises

value: practitioners

value: international markets

value: internationalization

value: platform performance determinants


dc.contributor.author

value: Lappo-Danilevskii, Konstantin Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lappo-Danilevskii K. Yu. V. K. Trediakovskii and A. P. Sumarokov in Polemics about the Sapphic Stanza. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 300–320. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.210 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The transition from syllabic to syllabo-tonic verse in Russian poetry in the 1730s — early
1740s years is connected to the activity of three outstanding writers: Vasilii Trediakovskii
(1703–1769), Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) and Aleksandr Sumarokov (1717–1777). This
reform concerned first of foremost binary and ternary meters and paved the way for creation
of more complicated meters, among them syllabo-tonic equivalents of ancient Aeolic verse.
The Sapphic hendecasyllable was the most known and widespread of them. The sapphic stanza
was likewise very popular in European literatures; it consists of three sapphic hendecasyllabic
lines and an adonean fourth line. Russian syllabic poets eagerly created rhymed sapphic
stanzas with a caesura after the fifth syllable in the hendecasyllables, with the stresses in all
four lines unregulated. Trediakovskii composed such sapphic stanzas for his translation of
Paul Tallemant’s gallant novel “Le voyage de l’isle d’amour, à Licidas” (Paris, 1663), printed
1730 in Saint Petersburg. In 1735, Trediakovskii published “A New and Brief Method of Composing
Russian Verse”, which is considered the beginning of the reform of Russian versification.
In this treatise, Trediakovskii proposed a more regulated sapphic stanza. The sapphic
hendecasyllables were to consist of six trochees; the third of them, before a regular caesura,
was catalectic. All lines concluded with feminine rhymes. In the second edition of this work
(1752) Trediakovskii revisited his conception. At this point he understood the sapphic hendecasyllable
as a combination of four trochees with one dactyl in the middle of them. Under
the influence of Lomonosov’s “Letter on the Rules of the Russian Poetry” (1739) Trediakovskii
became convinced of the necessity of alternating rhymes and for this reason decided that the
first two lines in the sapphic stanza should have masculine rhymes. As a result he truncated
these lines so that they contained only ten syllables. In his lost “Letter about Sapphic and
Horatian Stanzas” (1755) Aleksandr Sumarokov expressed strong disagreement with Trediakovskii’s
revised conception. He found decasyllables in sapphic stanzas unacceptable; he also
came out against regular caesurae. However, Sumarokov treated the metrical structure of the
sapphic hendecasyllable the same way as Trediakovskii had. In 1755 and 1758, Sumarokov
published three poems in sapphic syllabo-tonic stanzas, rhymed and unrhymed, but always
without a regular caesurae. In 1762, Trediakovskii translated two stanzas from Horace’s Carmen
saeculare. Their form allows one to conclude that he took Sumarokov’s criticism into
account: he rejected decasyllables in these stanzas. Only in the question of caesura did he
remain unyielding.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Vasilii K. Trediakovskii and Aleksandr P. Sumarokov as literary theorists

value: the sapphic stanza in eighteenth-century Russian poetry

value: reception of Sappho and Horace in Russia

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kazansky, Nikolai N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kazansky N. N. A Rudimentary Motif in Greek Epic (Pylos Combat Agate and the Iliad 3. 369–376). Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 202–225. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.201

dc.description.abstract

value:
In 2015, Jack Davis and Sharon Stocker, while excavating the so-called “Tomb of a warrior
with a griffin”, discovered an agate seal with an extraordinarily detailed depiction of a combat
scene. It shows a warrior armed with a sword only, bending over his adversary’s shield, grabbing
him by the crest of his helmet and using it as leverage to render him absolutely powerless.
The article studies the image on the Pylos combat agate as a reflection of an early epic
narrative. It is shown that the account of the combat between Menelaus and Paris in the Iliad
(3. 369–376) is an elaboration on a traditional epic narrative that was preserved in the text
of the Iliad as a rudimentary motif (following Th. Zelinsky’s terminology). The comparison
of this narrative with the Pylos combat agate allows us to comment the Homeric episode in
a new way, insofar as it preserves the description of the type of helmet that was in use in the
16th–15th centuries BCE. This helmet would have permitted the adversary to turn the helmeted
warrior’s head in the way that is depicted on the Pylos combat agate. It is noteworthy that
the Homeric account begins with “were it not for…”, negating the version of events that was
the basis of the earlier epic narrative. As a result, we are able to reconstruct several fragments
of the heroic epos going back to early Mycenaean times, unsurprisingly connected (as already
surmised by Ruijgh) with Peloponnesus of the 17th–15th centuries BCE.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Greek epic

value: Homer

value: Iliad

value: rudimentary motif

value: Pylos Combat Agate

value: combat of Menelaus and Paris (Il. 3. 369–376)


title: Antiphon in the New Millennium

dc.contributor.author

value: Takhtajan, Souren A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Takhtajan S. A. Antiphon in the New Millennium. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 253– 268. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.205

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper is an overview — in it I take a critical look at works that have come out in recent
years about Antiphon. My primary focus is on four books: two scholarly works on Antiphon,
one by Annie Hourcade and another by Michael Gagarin, an edition of the fragments of Antiphon’s
treatises with a detailed commentary by Gerard Pendrick, and, finally, a new edition
of Antiphon’s speeches prepared by Mervin Dilts and David Murphy. There is still a dispute
among scholars about the authorship of the Corpus Antiphonteum. Some (the separatists) consider
that there were separate authors for the speeches, on the one hand, and for the treatises,
on the other — Antiphon the orator and Antiphon the sophist, respectively. Others (the unitarians)
insist that there was a single author for both the speeches and the treatises. In the 19th
and the first half of the 20th centuries, the separatists had the upper hand, but the situation
slowly began to change, and now most scholars — rightly so in my opinion — argue for a single
authorship. The separatists are compelled to divide the biographical testimonies of Antiphon
between the orator and the sophist. But in the case of a single Antiphon, it turns out there is
more than a little information about that person. In this paper, I present a review of scholarly
opinion about evidence according to which Antiphon invented τέχνη ἀλυπίας and opened a
psychotherapeutic clinic, where he tried to help his patients using verbal therapy. Some scholars
call the tradition of the clinic into question. The separatists attribute any evidence about it
to Antiphon the sophist. Like other scholars, I uphold the credibility of the clinic. I also take a
look at the image of Antiphon presented by Xenophon (Mem. 1, 6.). Many scholars consider
Xenophon’s story to be fictitious or reject it outright. The separatists believe that Xenophon
calls Antiphon a sophist in the very first sentence of the sixth chapter in order to distinguish
him from his namesake, Antiphon the orator. I think Xenophon’s goal is different. Socrates,
in conversation with Antiphon during their second meeting, which Xenophon describes later
on in the same chapter, likens sophists to πόρνοι (Mem. 1. 6. 13). Obviously, Xenophon calls
Antiphon a sophist because he intends that the shameful implications of this comparison be
applied first and foremost to him. Hourcade and Gagarin want to show that the author of the
treatises and the speeches was one and the same person. Even though Pendrick is a separatist,
the parallels he draws between the fragments of the treatises and individual passages in the
speeches also, I think, favor the idea of a single Antiphon. I conclude that, thanks to the work
of these scholars, Antiphon has, although not yet fully, been put back together again.

value: Antiphon

value: Corpus Antiphonteum

value: On Truth

value: On Concord

value: speeches

value: grief clinic

value: encounters with Socrates

value: self-interested calculation

dc.title

value: Antiphon in the New Millennium


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikolsky, Boris M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikolsky B. M. Dikaiopolis in Despair (Aristophanes’ Acharnians 30–31). Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.203

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with a passage from the prologue of Aristophanes’ Acharnians, vv. 30–31.
Close reading of the passage and analyzing each verb of the series in vv. 30–31 shows that the
entire series of verbs in Acharnians 30–31 describes Dikaiopolis’ suffering and constitutes the
culmination of the woes listed in his monologue. This last and greatest of his woes cannot be
mere annoyance at having come first to the Pnyx and not knowing how to kill time. στένω
must mean a lament tragic in tone, and κέχηνα intensifies this vocal lament though adding
a comic bathos. σκορδινῶμαι does not refer here to drowsy stretching as it is usually interpreted
by scholars but to convulsions of rage and despair. πέρδομαι indicates acuteness and
intensity of Dikaiopolis’ disappointment; the relationship between σκορδινῶμαι and πέρδομαι
is similar to that between στένω and κέχηνα, where the second verb emphasizes and marks
the culmination of the first (“I’m moaning so much that my mouth is open wide” and “I’m
convulsed to the point of farting”). παρατίλλομαι must mean “to tear out the hair on one’s
head”, a gesture that is obviously a sign of sorrow and despair. The verbs γράφω and λογίζομαι
describe Dikaiopolis writing out and assessing his debts sitting in the assembly place. The lines
that follow are tightly connected to 30–31 and explain the reason for the protagonist’s despair:
Dikaiopolis dreams of the countryside and hates the city, but due to the war cannot return to
the country (32–33); his hatred of the city is further explained by the enormous expenses city
life entails.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was financially supported by the grant from the Government of the Russian Federation
(agreement No. 075-15-2021-571 of June 3, 2021, implementation period 2021–2023) “Digital Commentaries
on Ancient Texts: Ancient Greek Comedy.”

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Aristophanes

value: comedy

value: Acharnians

value: emotions

value: despair

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chepel, Elena Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chepel E. Yu. Were Homeric Glosses Part of School Education in Fifth-century Athens? New Interpretation of Aristophanes’ Daitales fr. 233. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.204

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article revisits Aristophanes’ Daitales fr. 233 which is often taken as (the only) evidence of
Homeric glosses being drilled by Athenian youth as part of their school education in 5th c. BC.
The author discusses in detail the context of Aristophanic citation in Galen’s work, the state
of the text of the fragment and its modern interpretations. In fact, nothing in the text itself
directly suggests that learning glosses was part of the traditional school education in Athens.
On the contrary, it can be argued that Aristophanes presented glosses as linguistic innovations
and intellectuals studying them as sophists. The parallels between Daitales and Clouds, as well
as Plato’s Kratylos and other fifth-century texts must be taken into account when interpreting
the dialogue between the Father and his Son in fr. 233. As a conclusion, the author suggests
that the characters of Daitales should be interpreted differently: the Old Man in this episode
of the play is not opposing the sophistic teachings, but rather using these in his argument as
an instrument to demonstrate the Licentious Son his ignorance. The latter is apparently not a
follower of the sophists and defends himself with his more practical knowledge of legal terms.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was written in the framework of the project “Digital commentaries to ancient texts:
ancient Greek comedy” financially supported by the grant of the Government of the Russian Federation
No. 075-15-2021-571. I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.

dc.subject

value: Aristophanes’ Daitales

value: school education

value: glosses

value: sophists

value: ancient linguistic theories


dc.contributor.author

value: Jerez Sánchez, Gonzalo

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jerez Sanchez G. De recentioris aetatis epigrammate Coi asservato. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 291–299. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.209

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines an unpublished inscription conserved in the Nerantzia Castle of
Kos (Greece). It consists of four elegiac couplets that Coan scholar Stamatios K. Pantelidis
(Παντελίδης) composed some time before 1879. It was supposed to be located in the facade
of the school founded the year indicated in the inscription. Seemingly, after the earthquake
which devastated Kos in the year 1933, it was relocated in the warehouse of the Nerantzia
Castle in northern Kos along with many other inscriptions. On the one hand, it provides the
possibility of knowing how stonegravers work, to what extent Greeks knew their very own language
in its ancient form and the way they dealt when it came to use (then and now) unusual
forms of the language. On the other hand, the inscription is relevant to the cultural history
of Greece in the last years of Ottoman rule and in the years after it, as Kos was part of the Ottoman
Empire until 1912, date in which it passed under Italian rule until 1947, when the isle
was incorporated into the Hellenic Republic. Therefore the purpose is to clarify the historical
and real circumstances of the inscription, as well as to analyze the compositional process of
this dedicatory epigram from the metrical point of view (it contains many deviations from to
the classical precepts), style and classical tradition. The inscription has not been previously
studied due to its peculiar characteristics. Indeed, it is an epigram written in modern times
but in an archaizing Greek (i. e. roughly respecting the rules of classical grammar), so it is not
studied by neohellenists given the ancient character of its language, nor by classicists because
it was composed in recent times.

dc.language.iso

value: other

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Greek epigraphy

value: Modern Greek history

value: Greek language history

value: Greek language question


dc.contributor.author

value: Rossiyanova, Kristina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rossiyanova K. S. Cynthia and Propertius, Haemon and Antigone: Prop. 2. 8, 21–24. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.207

dc.description.abstract

value:
The piece deals with the interpretation of Prop. 2. 8. 21–24. These verses seem to be problematic
and illogical over the years. In the poem, the speaker, deserted by his beloved Cynthia,
imagines himself dead and then describes the heroine’s reaction to this disastrous event.
Propertius thinks that she will be happy about his death and defile his grave. Then he suddenly
turns to Haemon, who commits suicide in despair of the Antigone’s death, and after
that threatens Cynthia to kill her. Firstly, it is incorrect to compare the righteous Antigone
with the unfaithful Cynthia. Secondly, the decision to kill the beloved is inept. Some scholars
transpose the verses in order to avoid the incoherence. Others try to interpret the passage,
leaving the lines in their initial order, but they usually think that Propertius compares himself
with Haemon and Cynthia with Antigone. The author of the article reconsiders gender roles
in this comparison and suggests a new interpretation. There are also some examples from the
Catullan and Propertian poetry, which show that the gender-inverted comparisons are widely
used in ancient literature and especially in Roman love poetry of the 1st century B. C., in which
they, probably, are part of a new literary strategy.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: imaginary death

value: Roman love poetry

value: Cynthia

value: Haemon

value: Antigone

value: gender-inverted comparison

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pimenova, Aleksandra A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pimenova A. A. Empedocles on the Inheritance of Parental Traits by Offspring. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.202

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper deals with the embryological teaching of Empedocles, the ancient Greek philosopher
from Acragas, who lived in the 5th century BC. The article is focused on the mechanisms
by which children inherit their parents’ features in the doctrine of Empedocles. The available
fragments and evidence on the teachings of early Greek philosophers often provide distorted
and sometimes contradictory information. This paper attempts to carefully analyze all the
evidence regarding inheritance mechanisms and bring it into an agreement with each other
without resorting to abandoning some of the fragments. The most extensive information is
provided to us by Censorinus, the 3rd century Roman writer, who in 238 AD wrote the treatise
De die natali to congratulate his patron Caerelius on his 49th birthday. The article comments
in detail on the testimony of Censorinus (De die natali, 6. 6 = 31 A 81 DK) concerning Empedocles’
views on the inheritance of parental traits by children, as well as the contradictory
messages by Aetius (Aët. 5. 11. 1 = A 81) and Aristotle (De gen. an. I, 18, 723a23; IV, 1, 764a1f.;
765a 8 = 31 A 81 DK). The analysis conducted by Erna Lesky in her famous monograph of
1950 was expanded and supplemented in this article. In addition, the study takes into account
the evidence of cases where children do not resemble their parents. Empedocles justifies these
cases by popular superstitions, which were widespread in Europe up to the 20th century.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Presocratic philosophy

value: Empedocles

value: embryology

value: inheritance theory


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernysheva, Vlada A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernysheva V. A. Latin Impersonal Passive and the Category of Pluractionality. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 285–290. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.208

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article aims to put Latin impersonal passive into the context of covert categories, specifically
pluractionality. I try to reanalyse six passages from the Roman grammatical texts, mostly
compiled in Heinrich Keil’s Grammatici Latini, in which the meaning of Latin impersonal
passives is considered. There are two groups of evidence. The first one (passages from Diomedes,
Priscian, and frg. Bobiense de verbo) presents the impersonal passive as a linguistic
strategy that shifts focus from an agent to a situation, while the second one (Diomedes and
two excerpts of Servius’ commentaries on Virgil) concentrates upon the number of agents. In
the last case, a verbal action is considered to be a collective one involving many people, and
therefore, in my opinion, falls into the category of pluractionality. Being a diverse phenomenon,
the term pluractionality includes participant plurality, which is realised either in a subject
or in an object depending on whether the verb is intransitive or transitive. Intransitivity of
the Latin impersonal passive forms, as it seems, may imply agent plurality rather than subject
plurality, since impersonal passive constructions are subjectless. Furthermore, in my opinion,
the evidence provided by Latin grammarians demonstrates a contraposition of the 1st person
singular, 1st person plural and 3rd person singular passive forms.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant, project No. 22–28–00531
“Grammar of covert categories in Latin and Ancient Greek”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Latin

value: pluractionality

value: agent plurality

value: subject plurality

value: covert category

value: impersonal passive

value: Roman grammarians


dc.contributor.author

value: Pozdnev, Michael M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pozdnev M. M. A. A. Gruška as an Interpreter of Aristotle. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.211 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article “Maxim Gorky as an Interpreter of Aristotle. Toward the Theory of Tragic Purification”
written in 1929 by a A. A. Gruška a major Moscow Latinist and Wortphilologe of considerable
renown writing, the last dean of the Department of History and Philology of Moscow
State University, deserves the interest of scholars as a document of an era unhappy for Russian
science. This curious verbose piece deals inter alia with the way M. Gorky “revealed through
an extraordinary power of his literary prowess the very essence of the psychological process
Aristotle understood under catharsis”. Gruška’s sketch went unnoticed in what was left of Classics
in the 1920s Russia, the timing being exceptionally ill-chosen for any serious discussion
of the kind. Analysing the careless way in which Gruška retells the seemingly pivotal for his
article scene from Gorky’s story “Dreariness” (1896), one inadvertently comes to the conclusion
that Gorky, Gruška’s favourite in the 1900s, by then had ceased to be of any considerable
interest for Gruška, save for a nostalgic trip down the memory lane, while the article was written
out of necessity and in haste, incorporating his miscellanea and Lesefrüchte to provide for
what should be read between the lines.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 17; Issue 2

value: А. А. Gruška

value: Aristotle

value: Poetics

value: Gorky

value: catharsis

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Griffith, Robert Drew

dc.identifier.citation

value: Griffith R. D. Matro of Pitane fr. 1 Symposium Atticum = SH 534 (Ath. 4. 12 [134d–137c]), 18–21. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.212

dc.description.abstract

value:
Matro of Pitane’s cento of Homeric verses, The Attic Dinner Party contains a puzzling episode
in which the narrator throws sea-urchins, which he has apparently already eaten, among the
feet of the slaves, where they clatter “where waves were washing the beach”. The slaves then
draw out the spines “from the head”. Following Elena Ermolaeva’s comparison of Matro’s lines
to the Unswept Floor mosaic, I suggest that his banquet took place in a normal dining room
rather than on a beach or in a room with a window facing one. The floor of this room, being a
pebble mosaic, could aptly be called a beach from which the slaves were washing the detritus
of the meal, a procedure (as we know from Olynthus) the dining rooms of private houses
were expressly designed to facilitate. This interpretation entails reading *λύματ᾽… κλύζεσκον
for the manuscripts’ κύματ᾽… κλύζεσκε). The scribal alteration I postulate has the effect —
unique in this poem, and therefore suspect — of reproducing an entire Homeric line unaltered.
Lastly, the phrase “from the head” does not refer to whence the slaves are pulling the
sea-urchin’s spines (for that will be from their own feet), but to where they came from in the
first place: a sea-urchin’s head.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: cento

value: Matro of Pitane

value: mosaic

value: parody


dc.contributor.author

value: Tolić, Isidora

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tolić I. Four Hooves and a Horn: How (Not) to Poison Alexander the Great. Philologia Classica 2022, 17 (2), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2022.206

dc.description.abstract

value:
Several ancient authors tell a puzzling story of treason to murder Alexander the Great by presenting
him with poison or poisonous water carried in a curious vessel — a hoof of a horse,
a mule, or an ass. Porphyry of Tyre, citing Kallimachos and Philo the Paradoxographer, gives
us a reason to believe that the mention of hoof-made vessels was a misinterpretation of hornmade
chalices, or put otherwise, drinking horns. Presuming that the vessel in question indeed
was a drinking horn, we are left with an unusual image — Alexander the Great perished after
drinking the poisonous water from the horn of a hornless animal. We can look into the development
of this legend and propose its origins by examining mutual features of two distinct
traditions — the Greek legend of the river Styx and its lethal streams and the Indo-Iranian
tradition of several miraculous features of a unicorn’s horn, attested in Iranian, Indian, and
Greek sources. After the survey of relevant sources, we see that the horn from Philo’s story represented
a legendary present of Indian rulers intended to save Alexander the Great from harm.
Various layers of misapprehension transformed the legendary gift into a device contracted to
harm him. This way, the author demonstrates two points: 1) that the story told by Porphyry in
Styg. 375F is a part of an Indo-Iranian tradition about unicorns and their miraculous features;
and 2) that the legend of Alexander’s poisoning represents a transformed and misinterpreted
story of Alexander’s grandest gift.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The contents of this paper were presented during the Spring Seminar in Indo-European Linguistics
2022, organized by DIEUS — Society of Indo-European Scholars in Serbia. The realization of this research was
financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of
Serbia (No. 451-03-68/2022-14/200163).

dc.subject

value: the river Styx

value: unicorn

value: royal gift

value: Indo-Iranian traditions

value: Alexander the Great

value: paradoxography


dc.contributor.author

value: Kotin, Igor Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotin I. Yu. On the History of Polish Indology and Russian-Polish Indological Contacts in the Second Part of the 20th — and Start of the 21st Century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 607–617. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article covers history of Polish Indology in the second half of the 20th century and early
21st century. The end of World War II, and the independence obtained by India in 1947 are
the factors that greatly influenced development of Indology in Poland and Polish-Russian Indological
contacts. New centers of Indology in Wroclaw and Poznan developed. New themes
of research appeared. Contacts with Russian colleagues intensified. The author reviews the
history of Indology in Wrocław, Warsaw, Krakov and Poznan. In May 1945, Poland obtained
new territories and Wrocław became a leading educational and science hub with many professors
from Vilnius and Lvov joining Breslau’s former university staff. For example, S. Stasiak
and Ludwik Skurzak joined the Indology unit at the University of Wrocław. Unfortunately, the
Department of Indian Studies at the Jagiellonian University was closed from 1948 to 1973; it
was re-opened in 1973. Despite institutional challenges, Indology in both countries continued
to develop, and relations. Tatiana Rutkowskla (Nee Girillovich) from Leningrad University
after post-graduate studies in Leningrad moved to Warsaw and started teaching Hindi. Now
four Polish Universities continue long tradition of Indological studies and Russian-Polish Indological
contacts there in 1950s.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was made at the Peter the Great Museum of Antropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera)
of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MAE RAS) within the framework of the research work “Components
of ethnocultural identity” (supervisors M. F. Albedil, Ya.V. Vasilkov).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: indology

value: Russia

value: Poland

value: academic contacts

value: Warsaw

value: Krakow

value: Wroclaw

value: Poznan

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Davydov, Artem V.

value: Tonoyan, Artyom

dc.identifier.citation

value: Davydov A. V., Tonoyan A. Concepts of Charisma and Leadership in Bambara and Persian. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 635– 647. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.404

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the concepts of charisma and leadership in two non-Western Islamic
cultures from the linguistic perspective. The concepts of charisma and charismatic leadership
have a long tradition of studying in sociology, political science and psychology since M.Weber.
Charisma can be defined as compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in
others. Cognates of this Greek word are found in most European languages. The English word
leader has been borrowed by many related and non-related languages. The questions we are
addressing in this article are: How to translate charisma and leader into Bambara and Persian?
What Bambara and Persian words can be translated with the English words charisma and
leader? What is the origin of these words in Bambara and Persian? How these words function
within the two languages and two cultures? To answer these questions we analyze a wide range
of lexicographic and textual sources. We come to a conclusion, that in both languages the
vocabularies consist of layers of different origin: Soninke and Manding in Bambara, Iranian
and Altaic in Persian, Arabic in both languages. Despite long histories of Islamization both
languages, though influenced by Arabic, have kept their core vocabularies in what concerns
charisma and leadership.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Science Committee of the
Republic of Armenia, projects no. 20-59-05006 and no. 20RF-189.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: charisma

value: leadership

value: concept

value: Bambara

value: Manding

value: Mande

value: Persian

value: Iranian


dc.contributor.author

value: Mitkina, Evgenia I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mitkina E. I. “The Detective World” Magazine and Its Role in the Formation of a Chinese Detective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 742–754. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.412 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The beginning of the 20th century in China became the flourishing of literary creativity, at the
same time a huge number of translations appeared, among which translations of works in the
detective genre were especially popular. Later, many translators began to write detective stories,
and that was the mark of the beginning of the Chinese detective’s formation. The publishers
could not ignore such a huge interest of readers. At first they published detective stories in newspaper’s
pages or appendixes, and then a journal entirely devoted to the works of the detective
genre — The Detective World (Zhentan shijie, 侦探 世界) was finally founded in 1923. In the
development of the journal, two periods are clearly distinguished: from 1 to 12 and from 13 to
24 issues, this division is associated with a change in the composition of the editorial board and,
accordingly, editorial policy. From the 13th issue of the magazine, new headings were opened,
contests were held. It housed the works of not only masters of the genre, but also those who had
just started to try themselves in the detective genre. Moreover, the magazine began to publish not
only works of fiction, but also articles on the theory of the detective genre, in which writers and
translators tried to comprehend and systematize this genre. Despite the fact that only 24 issues
were published in one year, The Detective World magazine became a noticeable phenomenon in
the literary life of the country in the 1920s and an important milestone in the development and
popularization of the detective genre in China.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 4

value: Chinese literature

value: Chinese literature of the 20th century

value: detective genre

value: periodicals of China

value: The Detective World

value: Shen Zhifang

value: Zhao Tiaokuang

value: Cheng Xiaoqing


dc.contributor.author

value: Truong, Anh Thuan

value: Nguyen, Thi Vinh Linh

dc.identifier.citation

value: Truong Anh Thuan, Nguyen Thi Vinh Linh. Trade of the Portuguese Royal and Private Traders in India from the 16th to the 19th century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 704–715. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.409

dc.description.abstract

value:
The 16th–19th centuries was the period that witnessed the ups and downs development of the
trade of the Portuguese Crown and the Portuguese private traders in India. In fact, the maritime
trade of the Portuguese Crown only developed significantly in the 16th century; from the
17th century, because of different reasons, it declined gradually. Finally, it had to depend on the
British at the end of the 19th century. In contrast with the Portuguese Crown trade, although
the commerce of the Portuguese private merchants had to face a lot of difficulties, it continued
to expand its role and influence during the four centuries (16th–19th). This article summarizes
the trade of Portuguese royal and Portuguese private commercial activities in India from the
16th to the 19th century. On that basis, the authors of this article analyze and point out the core
characteristics which fully and comprehensively reflect the development of commercial activities
of the Portuguese royal family and merchants in India during this period. To conduct this
research, the authors rely on the research results of scholars around the world directly or indirectly
related to this issue and use two main research methods of Historical Science, including
the historical method and the logical method. In addition, the authors also use several other
research methods such as analysis, synthesis, statistics, and comparison. The completion of
this study will make a scholarly contribution by helping researchers to have a more comprehensive
and in-depth view of Portugal’s commercial activities in Asia in general and India in
particular from the 16th to the 19th century.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Portugal

value: India

value: Estado da India

value: maritime trade

value: Goa

value: royal trade

value: private traders

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Guan, Xiujuan

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guan Xiujuan. Harmonization in Translation Cultural Context: On the Material of Translations from Chinese and in Chinese. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 728–741. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.411 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the process of translation, the cultural context of the original language and the target language
acts on the translator’s translation behavior in a dialogue manner, forming a dialogue
mechanism, including foreignization, domestication, and harmonization. Foreignization, is a
translation strategy that uses the original language culture as the strong culture to cover the
target language culture as the weak culture. Domestication, takes the target language culture
as the strong culture and the original language culture as the weak culture. It is a translation
strategy in which weak culture is submerged by strong culture. Harmonization refers to equal
dialogue in cultural context, and is a translation strategy that takes into account both the
cultural context of the original language and the target language. The harmonization strategy
pays full attention to the differences between the cultural context of the original language and
the target language, so that the original language culture can be fully transmitted, and the
target language cultural world can be received correctly without being covered or dissolved.
Foreignization and domestication are unequal dialogues between two cultural contexts, while
Harmonization is an equal dialogue. The choice of dialogue mode depends on the different
status of the bilingual cultural context, or the objective status, or the subjective status in the
translator’s mind. The harmonious treatment of the translation cultural context is conducive
to the harmonious coexistence of multiple cultures.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The given research is part of the People’s Republic of China Public Sciences Foundation “Study of
the mechanisms of adapting to context when translating to Chinese language during war with Japan, and
their values” (19BYY207).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: translation cultural context

value: dialogue

value: domestication

value: foreignization

value: harmonization


dc.contributor.author

value: Albedil, Margarita F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Albedil M. F. Yu. V. Knorozov: Studies of Proto-Indian Texts. To the Centenary of the Birth. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 594– 606. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Yu.V. Knorozov is known as a decipherer of the writing of the ancient Maya Indians. But
his research included other historical writing systems, including Proto-Indian, much less is
known about this. Yu.V. Knorozov began to study it in 1964 and continued with the Group of
Ethnic Semiotics he created. Proto-Indian texts have preserved evidence of one of the greatest
civilizations of antiquity, which existed in the III–II millennium BC in the northwest of
Hindustan, in the valley of the Indus River. In proto-Indian writing, all the difficulties that are
possible when studying a forgotten historical writing system were concentrated: neither the
letter nor the language, a small number of texts, the absence of bilingualism, etc. are unknown.
Nevertheless, in the study of proto-Indian texts, all the tasks necessary in such cases were consistently
solved. After a deep analysis of the texts themselves, the type of writing was defined
as hieroglyphic (morphemic-syllabic) with all its inherent features. On the basis of formal
typological comparisons, it was proved that the language of the Proto-Indian inscriptions was
Dravidian; a linguistic interpretation of a number of texts was proposed and a conditional
phonetic reading of the signs of proto-Indian writing was established. Yu. V. Knorozov also
studied images and symbols accompanying inscriptions on various archaeological sites. The
main types of inscriptions were identified, described and analyzed. On this basis, it was possible
to reconstruct some features of the religious and mythological ideas of the inhabitants of
proto-Indian cities and their calendar and chronological system. The purpose of this article
is to show all stages of the study of proto-Indian texts, methodological positions and main
results obtained in the course of work under the guidance of Yu. V. Knorozov. The author’s task
is to acquaint the scientific community with the significant contribution of Yu. V. Knorozov
into work on the study of proto-Indian writing and thereby resurrect one of the facets of the
multifaceted image of the great Russian scientist.

dc.subject

value: proto-Indian writing

value: archaeological objects

value: type of writing

value: language of inscriptions

value: phonetic reading

value: iconographic texts


dc.contributor.author

value: Bernikova, Olga A.

value: Redkin, Oleg I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bernikova O. A., Redkin O. I. Comparative Analysis of the Most Frequent Verbs and Their Derivatives in the Text of the Qur’ān and Modern Standard Arabic. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, рp. 648–666. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the current paper basing on the available online resources the morphology and semantics
in the Qur’ān as well as the distribution of morphological models in suras and their role in
depicting basic ideas of the sacred text are analyzed. Every stage of the study of the Qur’ān requires
appropriate approaches and often unparalleled solutions as well as new research tools.
The study of the peculiarities of the Qur’ānic text in some cases is possible only with the use of
the methods of the interdisciplinary research, both traditional ones as well as newly emerging
digital technologies. The current research is a continuation of the earlier works of the authors
which address the quantitative analysis of the morphology of the language of the Qur’ān. The
indicators obtained earlier are compared with the new results about frequency of masdars
and participles of the derived forms in the sacred text. The results of a comparative analysis
are illustrated by graphs and diagrams. In this research authors analyze the development of
the vocabulary of the Arabic language in diachrony on the basis of various thematic corpuses
of texts. As an object of the corpus research the most frequent 15 verbs in derivatives in the
text of the Qur’ān are considered. Using the Arabic language corpus, the frequency of these
lexemes, as well as in subsections related to the media and Islamic discourse, is analyzed. The
results of this research allow to take a new look at the verbal morphology of the sacred text of
the Qur’an as well as to set new goals and research objectives.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out within the framework of the project no. 92565886 supported by
St Petersburg State University “Laboratory for Analysis and Modeling of Social Processes”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Qur’ān

value: corpus

value: Arabic language

value: frequency

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zavidovskaia, Ekaterina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zavidovskaia E. A. Qing Dynasty Miao Albums Illustrating Ethic Groups of Guizhou Province: Attribution and Album Genealogy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 618–634. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.403

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper addresses Qing dynasty albums containing illustrations and notes about ethnic
groups of southwest China usually termed as Baimiaotu 百苗圖, or Miao albums, there are
Miao albums illustrating ethnic groups of Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, Hainan and Taiwan.
Library of St Petesrburg State University holds four hand-painted albums — two on Yunnan,
two on Guizhou. Over a hundred Miao albums are scattered across the world, with most valuable
early editions, some with dates and prefaces, are housed in the Western museums and
universities. The paper shows approaches to systematization of the albums showing Guizhou
ethnic groups, including such criteria as number of pictures (usually either 82 or 40), the position
of the picture and text, special features of pictures (human figures with or without background),
some conclusions are based on the typology of albums housed in Guizhou, which
was proposed by Chinese scholars. The paper discusses under what circumstances the number
of pictures has increased from 40 to 82 at the turn of the 19th century, what sources on Guizhou
were used for annotations. The paper compares illustrations and texts from two St Petersburg
University albums and those from the US collections. Conclusion about necessity of deeper
study of primary sources, which provided basis for Miao albums, e. g., local gazetteers, “Qing
Imperial Illustrations of Tributary Peoples” (1761) etc. is made.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-28-00119, https://rscf.ru/
project/22-28-00119/.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Miao album

value: Guizhou

value: Qing dynasty

value: ethnic groups

value: genealogy

value: attribution

value: manuscript


dc.contributor.author

value: Maretina, Ksenya A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maretina K. A. Novel “The Palace of Illusions” (2008) by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni as an Example of Cross-cultural Hybridization. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 667–678. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.406

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the novel The Palace of Illusions (2008) by the popular Indian-American writer Chitra Banerjee
Divakaruni, the ancient Indian epic Mahābhārata is narrated from the point of view
of its main heroine Draupadi. Thus, the author gives a new reading and interpretation to the
text, which is an extremely important and revered part of the Indian cultural heritage. The image
of Draupadi in the novel does not correspond to the traditional figure of the epic heroine.
Her motives and character are “modernized” and are made easy to connect for a contemporary
and reader; her aspirations and her voice belong to a woman of the present day. At the
same time, it can be found that on the ideological level the novel follows quite closely the
philosophical concepts of the ancient Indian epic. To come to this conclusion, in my study
the main ideas of the novel were compared with the philosophical provisions present in the
Bhagavadgītā, that is part of the sixth book of the epic and is perceived today as the doctrinal,
philosophical and moral core of the Mahābhārata. In the novel by Ch. B. Divakaruni, the stories
of mythical past are reconstructed, reinterpreted from the standpoint of modernity, and
used to find answers to questions that are relevant to us today (about an individual quest for
purpose, love and happiness, place in the world, etc.). At the same time, The Palace of Illusions
combines elements of modern Western and traditional Indian worldviews. Thus, the novel is
addressed both to orthodox traditionalists and to representatives of the diaspora, who are losing
touch with their cultural heritage. It can be viewed as an interesting example of cultural, as
well as cross-cultural hybridization.

value: Mahābhārata

value: Indian epic

value: The Palace of Illusions

value: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

value: Indian heritage

value: revisionism

value: diaspora literature

value: cross-cultural hybridization


title: Shaman Motive in Korean Literature

dc.contributor.author

value: Lee, San Yun

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lee San Yun. Shaman Motive in Korean Literature. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 679–691. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper analyzes literary works that allow one to trace the changes in the perception of shaman
cult in various periods of Korean social development and sheds light on the popularity of
shaman motive in the 21st century. In Kim Tonni’s “Portrait of a shaman” (1936), the conflict between traditional and Western beliefs is shown through the image of a shaman woman symbolizing
the ignorant Korean past and her son who converted to Christianity. Han Seungwon
in his novels, uses the motive of the call for blood of those people possessed by ghosts and
describes shamans’ life, traditions, and rituals. Shaman rituals are also described in the works
of Park Wanseo. In her childhood memories, shaman women are depicted as transcendental
beings tied to the other world. Epic novels by Park Kyongni, Cho Chongnae, Choi Myunghee
describe the life of ordinary villagers against the backdrop of historical events. The main character
is usually a shaman or her daughter in a love relationship. Shaman motive is also present
in some novels written in the 21st century, in which main characters believe in spirits and shamans’
prophecies coming true. This implies that the belief in spirits is an inseparable part of
Korean cultural identification, even for those who claim to be an atheist. Because shamanism
in Korea is perceived as an important part of culture, the interest in shamans and shamanism
continues to grow.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 4

value: contemporary Korean literature

value: shamanism

value: Kim Tonni

value: Park Wanseo

value: Park Kyongni

value: еpic novels

dc.title

value: Shaman Motive in Korean Literature

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Merenkova, Olga N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Merenkova O. N. Images of British Bangladeshis and the Ethno-cultural Space of London in Modern British Novels on the Example of the Works of Zadie Smith and Tarquin Hall. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 716–727. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.410 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The actual theme of the British novel of the beginning of the 21st century becomes an intensively
changing urban multicultural space of London, as well as its inhabitants. The ethnic heterogeneity of London is enhanced by the residence of various national communities there.
One of the most notable groups is British Bangladeshis. The article analyzes two works: White
Teeth by Zadie Smith (2000) and Salam, Brick Lane: A Year in the New East End by Tarquin
Hall (2005). These novels were written almost at the same time, but London and its realities
are presented in them from different angles. The authors manage to weave a complex web of
life histories of migrant families, sometimes spanning more than one generation. Narratives
focus on British Bangladeshis, Jamaicans, Polish Jews, refugees from Afghanistan and other
ethnic groups living in London, in particular the East End. The novels deal with the acute
problems of migrants’ adaptation in British society, as well as the difficulties of perceiving and
preserving the cultural heritage of their ancestors in their children who are educated in British
schools and learn the behaviors of their English peers, which is a tragedy for their more
conservative parents. On the basis of real stories, these works present a picture of a motley
urban population and how, according to the ideas and personal experience of the authors, representatives
of various groups of British society live and interact with each other: the so-called
“native Englishmen”, “descendants of former migrants”, representatives of ethnic minorities,
people from former colonies, etc.

dc.subject

value: British Bangladeshis

value: multicultural London

value: Zadie Smith

value: Tarquin Hall

value: new English literature

value: British novel

value: migrants


dc.contributor.author

value: Uspenskaya, Nina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Uspenskaya N. A. National Peculiarity in the Works of Realistic Egyptian Writers of the Middle of the 20th Century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, pp. 692–703. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.408 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The significance of literature heritage of any people consists in the fact, that the personages of
this literature reflect the main national peculiarity of this people as a living, developing system,
which represents a part of the whole mankind. Hertsen, Belinsky, Karamzin and many other
philosophers paid special attention to the national originality. Among the factors determining
the national peculiarity is the linguistic factor. The way of speaking of literature heroes signifies
much. Another factor, which forms the inner world and spiritual demands, is religion. The
way of thinking varies depending on social, economic, cultural and other factors. So, the way
of thinking of fellah (peasant) and citizen is different. Way of life, family traditions, environment
also have great influence on the forming of national character, and the detailed description
of life of the personages represents rich material for the research, even the way of cooking
played significant role, because it reflects the traditions, the history and longtime experience.
Also, we consider the humor, because of its determination by opinions, habits, and public
mood. Many Arabic novels appeared by the influence of the works of Western and Russian
writers. In this case may be very useful the comparative method.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 14; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: national psychology

value: way of thinking

value: literature heritage

value: religious factor

value: comparative method


dc.contributor.author

value: Salamatov, Yuri A.

value: Nikova, Ekaterina S.

value: Devyaterikov, Denis I.

value: Kravtsov, Evgeny A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Salamatov, Y. A., Nikova, E. S., Devyaterikov, D. I., & Kravtsov, E. A. (2023). Recovering complex reflection coefficient using the reference layer algorithm for multilayer systems with non-collinear magnetic ordering. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 18(4), 583-595.

dc.description.abstract

value: This work analyzes two mathematical algorithms for processing experimental curves in polarized neutron reflectometry, one of which makes it possible to determine the complex reflection coefficient. The approbation was carried out for a Fe/Cr type superlattice with an irregular non-collinear ordering of the magnetic moments of the Fe layers. The processing of the experiment was carried out both by direct refinement of the structure parameters and by the method of calculating the module and phase of the reflectometry signal using the Gd reference layer. The results obtained with different methods are compared with each other. To clarify the structural and magnetic characteristics, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was applied in both cases. The obtained data on the magnetic structure is in agreement with the theoretical model of magnetization of a layered antiferromagnet of finite dimensions in a weak field. The presented modification of the reference layer method can be considered as the phase problem solution in polarized neutron reflectometry.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher
Education of the Russian Federation (theme “Spin” N 22021000036-3), neutronographic experiments was
carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian
Federation, Agreement N 075-15-2022-830 dated May 27, 2022 (continuation of Agreement N 075-15-2021-
1358 dated October 12, 2021).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 18; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: polarized neutron reflectometry

value: phase-amplitude function method

value: Runge — Kutta method

value: complex reflection coefficient

value: multilayer nanoheterostructures

value: phase problem

value: non-collinear magnetic ordering

value: reference layer

value: Levenberg — Marquardt algorithm

dc.title

value: Article