title: Практикум в MS Excel. Интерполяция (Workshop in MS Excel. Interpolation)

dc.contributor.author

value: Бурова, Ирина Герасимовна

value: Поникарова, Ирина Викторовна

dc.description

value: Пособие предназначено для студентов университета, изучающих численные методы. Здесь рассматривается раздел Интерполяция и особое внимание уделено построению приближения функций с помощью интерполяционного многочлена в форме Ньютона. Практические задания предполагается выполнять в Excel или MAPLE (раздел – электронные таблицы). Для удобства студентов-иностранцев дан перевод на английский язык.

dc.description.abstract

value: В данном пособии рассматриваются вопросы алгебраического интерполирования. Представлено две форма интерполяционного полинома: в форме Лагранжа и Ньютона. Приводится теорема об остаточном члене интерполирования. В случае равноотстоящих узлов представлены различные частные виды интерполяционных многочленов в начале, конце и середине таблицы.  Теоретические сведения иллюстрируются примерами. Предлагаются задачи для самостоятельного решения. В приложении приводятся основные сведения по MS Excel в  предположении, что задачи интерполирования будут выполняться в этой среде. Русский текст дублируется на английском языке.

dc.subject

value: интерполяция

value: интерполяционный многочлен в форме Ньютона

value: interpolation

value: interpolation polynomial in Newton's form

dc.type

value: Other

filename: Бурова_Поникарова Практикум в MS_Excel Интерполяция_Rus_Eng1.pdf


title: Из цикла: «Знаменитые универсанты». Выставка «К 190-летию со дня рождения И. Е. Андреевского (1831-1891)».

dc.description.abstract

value: К 190-летию со дня рождения учёного-правоведа, профессора, ректора Санкт-Петербургского университета, главного редактора «Энциклопедического словаря Брокгауза и Ефрона»  — Ивана Ефимовича Андреевского.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.title

value: Presentation

format: Adobe PDF


title: Заключение на проект постановления Правительства Российской Федерации «О внесении изменений в постановление Правительства Российской Федерации от 18 сентября 2020 г. № 1490 «О лицензировании образовательной деятельности»

dc.description.abstract

value: Abstract

dc.subject

value: госорганы

value: лицензирование

value: образовательная деятельность

value: проект постановления

value: от 18 сентября 2020 г. № 1490

value: внесение изменений

filename: 17.03.2021_РК 01_1-38-280_изменения в положение о лицензировании.docx

format: Microsoft Word XML


title: Выставка «К 165-летию со дня рождения М. Врубеля (1856-1910)»


title: ЭКСПЕРТНОЕ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ по запросу отдела социальной сферы Управления контроля социальной сферы, торговли и непроизводственных услуг ФАС России от 05.03.2021

value: Федеральная антимонопольная служба

value: предложения

value: Публичная декларация целей и задач

value: Концепции открытости федеральных органов исполнительной власти

value: отчет

value: ФАС России

value: Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 30.01.2014 № 93-р

dc.title

filename: Экспертное_заключение_ФАС_Публ_декл_отчет 2020 и план_ 2021_Анохина ЕМ_Васильев ИА_СПбГУ.docx


title: Цикл лекций на тему "Чебышёвские приближения".

dc.contributor.author

value: Малозёмов, Василий Николаевич

dc.description.abstract

value:
К 200-летию со дня рождения П. Л. Чебышёва
В. Н. Малозёмов прочтёт цикл лекций на тему
            "Чебышёвские приближения"

value:
10 марта
Первая лекция: Необходимое условие оптимальности.
Предчувствие альтернанса.

value:
17 марта
Вторая лекция: Чебышёвская интерполяция и её приложения.

value:
31 марта
Третья лекция: Чебышёвский ранг системы функций и его использование.

value:
14 апреля
Четвёртая лекция: Теорема существования решения
у линейной задачи чебышёвского приближения
с линейными ограничениями.

value:
28 апреля
Лекция пятая (и последняя): Метод дифференциальной коррекции
и выравнивание максимумов для построения наилучшего
дробно-рационального приближения.

dc.subject

value: Чебышёвские приближения

dc.type

value: Video

filename: 20210310 Первая лекция.mp4

format: MPEG

filename: 20210317a Вторая лекция.mp4

filename: 20210331 Третья лекция.mp4

filename: 20210414 Четвертая лекция2.mp4

filename: 20210428 Пятая лекция.mp4


title: Экспертное заключение на проект постановления Главного государственного санитарного врача Российской Федерации «Профилактика новой коронавирусной инфекции (C0VID-19) при осуществлении различных видов работ и услуг»

dc.subject

value: проект постановления

value: главный санитарный врач

value: профилактика

value: осуществление работ и услуг

value: новая коронавирусная инфекция

dc.title

value: Other

filename: НИДивееваЕАДмитриковаСВМикушев_11.03_РК 01-1-38-2634.doc

format: Microsoft Word


title: Аналитическая записка по результатам Мониторинга правоприменения по теме «Противодействие антиконкурентным соглашениям (в части действия Федерального закона «О защите конкуренции», нормативных правовых актов Президента Российской Федерации, Правительства Российской Федерации, федеральных органов исполнительной власти»

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: мониторинг

value: правоприменение

value: противодействие

value: антиконкурентное соглашение

value: защита конкуренции

value: нормативный правовой акт

value: федеральный орган

value: исполнительная власть

filename: 2021-03-09 Мониторинг правоприменения Противодействие антиконкурентным соглашениям.docx


title: Выставка «Посвящение женщине», приуроченная к Международному женскому дню 8 Марта.

dc.type

value: Presentation


title: Из цикла: «Знаменитые универсанты». Выставка «К 175-летию со дня рождения В. В. Докучаева (1846-1903)»

dc.description.abstract

value: На сайте Научной библиотеки им. М.Горького опубликована виртуальная  выставка, посвященная выдающемуся русскому учёному, естествоиспытателю, минералогу, основателю науки о почве — Василию Васильевичу Докучаеву


title: Выставка «190 лет со дня рождения Н. С. Лескова»

dc.description.abstract

value:
В феврале 2021 года исполнилось 190 лет со дня рождения Николая Лескова – писателя, публициста и литературного критика.

«Как художник слова Н. С. Лесков вполне достоин встать рядом с такими творцами литературы русской, каковы Л.Толстой, Гоголь, Тургенев, Гончаров. Талант Лескова силою и красотой своей немногим уступает таланту любого из названных творцов священного писания о русской земле, а широтою охвата явлений жизни, глубиною понимания бытовых загадок ее, тонким знанием великорусского языка он нередко превышает названных предшественников и соратников своих…».
М. Горький


title: Рецензия  на Единый методический комплекс для проведения работы по антикоррупционному просвещению в субъектах Российской Федерации органами государственной власти, образовательными, общественными и иными организациями «Основы противодействия коррупции в Российской Федерации». Отв. ред. С.С. Зенин, А.А. Рассохин; автор.-сост. Е.В. Горбачёва. — М.: Общероссийская общественная организация «Ассоциация юристов России»; ФБУ НЦПИ при Минюсте России, 2019. — 366 с.

dc.description.abstract

value: Abstract

dc.subject

value: методический комплекс

value: рецензия

value: госорганы

value: антикоррупционное просвещение

value: противодействие коррупции

value: Российская Федерация

value: органы государственной власти

value: общественная организация

value: образовательная организация

value: субъект

dc.title

filename: РК01-118-1763_Рецензия на единый методический комплекс.docx


title: Заключение по проекту федерального закона «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон «О бесплатной юридической помощи в Российской Федерации»»

dc.subject

value: проект федерального закона

value: федеральный закон

value: юридическая помощь

value: бесплатно

value: Российская Федерация

filename: 01_1-32-633 Заключение по монниторингу клиник.doc


title: Сборник тестов по основам финансовой грамотности: учебный практикум

dc.contributor.author

value: Величко, Елена Александровна

value: Давыдовский, Федор Николаевич

dc.description.abstract

value: Учебный практикум в форме тестирования предназначен для студентов дневной формы обучения, получающим среднее профессиональное образование. В сборнике содержатся тестовые задания по основным разделам дисциплины «Основы финансовой грамотности». По содержанию и построению тесты могут быть использованы как преподавателями для проведения семинарских занятий и контрольных работ, так и студентами для самостоятельной проверки знаний, при подготовке к зачету и экзамену.

dc.publisher

value: ЛитРес: Самиздат

value: Финансовая грамотность

dc.type

value: Book

filename: Публикация.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Inshakov, Alexander N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Inshakov, Alexander. “Monumental Painting by Sergei Romanovich: Former and Unfulfilled”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 102–126.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to an important period in the life and work of the Moscow artist Sergei
Romanovich (1894–1968), one of the most interesting young artists of the Russian pictorial
avant-garde of the second half of the 1910s, a student and later friend of Mikhail Larionov.
From the late 1930s to the mid-1950s, Romanovich was an employee of the Workshop of
Monumental Painting at the Academy of Architecture of the USSR. Together with Lev Bruni
and Vladimir Favorsky, he worked on the decoration of the Red Army Theater, participated in
the development of projects and interior design of theater and exhibition spaces, new public
buildings in Moscow and other cities of the country. Romanovich turned to monumental art
largely forced, unable to seriously engage in easel painting and exhibit his work in the 1930s.
The author of the article analyzed the main works performed by Romanovich in the field of
monumental art. Special attention is paid to Romanovich’s interest in painting by outstanding
masters of the Renaissance and modern times, which had a certain influence on his monumental
works: among the most important artists are Raphael, Michelangelo, and Delacroix.
The article also reveals the connections and mutual influences between the easel work and
the monumental painting of Romanovich. In his work, there was also a “counter” influence:
the artist’s interest in outstanding monuments of monumental art of the past influenced his
search in the field of painting. The author demonstrates this influence by referring to an analysis
of several famous works by Romanovich in the late 1940s. The most important place in
the artist’s heritage is occupied by religious painting. In the conditions of the USSR of the
1940s–1950s, Romanovich could not depict and fulfill his talent as a muralist in religious art.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Lev Bruni

value: Mikhail Larionov

value: Sergei Romanovich

value: Vladimir Favorsky

value: architecture

value: painting

value: monumental art in the USSR

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lola, Galina N.

value: Aleksandrova, Tatiana I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lola, Galina, and Tatiana Aleksandrova. “Time Code in Modern Art: Discourse Analysis of Temporal Art-Projects”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 150–166.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the influence of the concept of time on modern art practices, as well as
the impact of digital media on the ability of art to anticipate the future. The methodology of
discourse analysis is used as a tool to reveal temporal characteristics and the communicative
potential of relevant art projects. The digital age creates a simultaneous world in which one
can perceive the future by being deeply involved in the present moment. Contemporary artists
have the ability to grasp changes hidden from the majority, and to formalize them in works of
art. The simultaneous perception of time becomes the clue to the development of this ability,
while the concept of time becomes the clue to understanding the message contained in the
work of art. As a result, the task of the researcher is to discover the temporal dimensions of
the relevant art projects and to examine the nature of interaction between the viewer and the
work of art. Taking this into consideration, special attention should be given to the method
of involving the viewer in the semantic space of the artwork. The subject of analysis is the
communicative model of the artwork, which is presented as a flexible, mobile semantic structure
that activates the viewer’s imagination and his ability to improvise. The methodological
framework for understanding the communicative model was the neo‐pragmatism theory of
social action and practice-oriented social semiotics. The interpretation of the work of art as a
communicative event actualizes the discourse analysis that allows us to perceive the artwork
in its dynamics and to explore its’ temporal dimensions. At the same time, the discourse analysis
is represented not only as an effective research tool, but also as a resource that helps the
artist, the researcher and the viewer to develop a flexible and conceptual mindset.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: modern art

value: digital environment

value: time model

value: simultaneity art-project

value: interactivity

value: communicative format

value: discourse analysis


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreeva, Ekaterina Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreeva, Ekaterina. “Sovietness in the Art of Vladislav Mamyshev-Monroe”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 69–82.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the recycling of Soviet images in the works of Vladislav Mamyshev-
Monroe from 1987–2006. In his multidisciplinary work, Vladislav Mamyshev (1969–2013), an artist, writer, actor, professor of the original genre department of the New Academy of Fine
Arts, repeatedly reproduced images from Soviet cinema and pop culture. In the make-up of
Marilyn Monroe, he performed Soviet songs at concerts and in video clips. He portrayed Alla
Pugacheva, Lenin and Krupskaya, an episode of Stierlitz meeting with his wife from the movie
Seventeen Moments of Spring in performances and photo portraits. Mamyshev also wrote
several philosophical treatises on the Russian and Soviet mentality and history. Mamyshev’s
existential performance, associated with ancient practices of holy foolishness and parrhesia,
is considered in the dynamics of post-Soviet history. In 1990, in remakes of Politburo portraits,
he transformed the Soviet gerontocrats into the beauties of world cinema, “correcting
the karma” of the Soviet regime. In a Pirate Television report on August 19, 1991, Mamyshev
opposed the abolition of Gorbachev’s reforms. In the early 1990s, he put forward the idea of
a fabulous folklore matrix of the Russian and Soviet unconscious and noted the beginning of
the contamination of Russian and Soviet history in the post-Soviet consciousness. In the late
1990s, Mamyshev in the image of Lyubov Orlova explored the complex of Soviet ideas about
perfection, which have both a mobilizing and deadening socio-cultural impact. Representing
Soviet images, Mamyshev focuses on their totalitarian state message and at the same time their
reflection in the individual consciousness, aimed at finding ideal love and happiness, showing
the inevitable tragic break in the functional connection between Soviet ideology and Russian
reality.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-
00414 “Soviet Today: Forms of cultural recycling in Russian art and everyday aesthetics. 1990–2010 years”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: Vladislav Mamyshev-Monroe

value: Russian

value: Soviet

value: post-Soviet public consciousness

value: recycling

value: performance


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhabreva, Anna E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhabreva, Anna. “Male Costume of Serbia and Montenegro on the Frontispieces of 19th Century Books (From the Slavic Literature Fund of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 83–101.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes eight frontispiece portraits of Serbian and Montenegrin statesmen from
the 12–19th century as well as one collective ethnographic image of an inhabitant of the Bay of
Kotor. These consist of prints found in seventeen Serbian and Montenegrin 19th century publications
which were found in the Slavic Literature Fund of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(Saint Petersburg). The portraits are considered as works of book graphics, as historical and
ethnographic sources. They were compared with other pictorial sources — originals of portraits,
images of genuine clothing and jewelry, as well as ethnographic materials. There are
detailed descriptions of the costumes depicted in the portraits, the names and characteristics
of the clothes, hats and decorations. As a result of the comparison, it was found that some engravings
are fictitious images, while others, made from pictorial lifetime originals, can serve
as important material for the reconstruction of Serbian and Montenegrin appearance and
costume, including specific historical figures. An attempt was made to reveal the relationship
of the costume of the ruler at the end of the 18th — first half of the 19th century both with the
fashion trends of the era, and with his national identity and political views. These aspects
manifested themselves with particular vividness in the portraits of Milos Obrenovich, Karageorgy,
Vladyka Daniel and Peter Petrovich Njegos. The analysis of portraits in chronological
order made it possible to touch upon the theme of Serbian and Montenegrin costume history,
which has been insufficiently studied in the Russian press.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: costume

value: Serbia

value: Montenegro

value: graphic sources

value: book collections

value: frontispiece portrait

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Maximova, Alexandra E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maximova, Alexandra. “On the History of P. Chevalier de Brissol’s Ballet ‘The Village Heroine’ (1800)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 4–20.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the history of the creation and compositional features of P. Chevalier
de Brissol’s ballet to the music of G. A. Pari “The Village Heroine”. Information was
collected and clarified on the performances of the play, its authors and performers. Discrepancies
were revealed in the studies (the date and place of the premiere, the number of acts,
the names of choreographers and composers do not match). The creative continuity of the
choreographers in working with the plot is noted and documentary information on the resumption
of the ballet performed by A. Poireau, I. Walberh and A. Glushkovsky is provided.
The libretto compositions were found and studied. In the article, the history of the plot related
to the opera of P. Monsigny “Deserter”, the ballet of the same name by J. Doberval and
other works are considered. For the first time, little-known handwritten musical sources of
the ballet and its musical material are discussed. Textual features were studied, including
handwritten litters containing the names of the creators, the dates of the ballet, as well as a
rare autograph of the composer and bandmaster I. F. Kerzelli. The place of the composition
in the work of Pari is determined and the conclusion is made that the musical score was
compiled from the well-known works of different authors. In search of the authors of musical
fragments, a complete verification of the score of the opera by P. Monsigny “Deserter”
and the musical source “Village Heroine” was conducted. In the course of checking the
score, a quote from the opera “Orpheus and Eurydice” by C. W. Gluck was discovered. The
advantages of instrumentation and musical drama of ballet, built on thorough development
and a system of thematic reprise, are revealed. It is established that Pari wrote music for its
sequel — the ballet in three acts “The Consequence of the Village Heroine” (1806?), choreographed
by Poireau and Valberkh.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: history

value: theater

value: Pari

value: Chevalier

value: Valberkh

value: Glushkovsky


dc.contributor.author

value: Klyushina, Elena V.

value: Glinternik, Eleonora M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Klyushina, Elena, and Eleonora Glinternik. “‘La Revue Blanche’: The History of Illustrating”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 127–149.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reconstructs the illustrating history of “La Revue Blanche”, the leading French literary
and artistic magazine of the fin de siècle epoch. Leaving out the analysis of literary content,
the authors considers the petite revue through the prism of its most significant artistic achievements.
In order to achieve this goal, a rather wide range of graphic artists who collaborated
with “La Revue Blanche” at one time or another is outlined, and the conditional genre ranking
of engravings published and distributed with the help of the journal is carried out. Based on
the data obtained, a periodization of the short history of “La Revue Blanche” illustrating is
proposed. The article attaches great importance to the stylistic and iconographic analysis of
individual artworks. In the case of the ones by Vuillard, Roussel, and Bonnard, it is possible to
put forward new semantic interpretations and emphasize the confessional nature of the prints
created by the masters for the design of the journal’s frontispiece. In the article significant
attention is given to the history of introducing the practice of publishing graphic literary portraits
by Vallotton in “La Revue Blanche”, which at some point are forced to take on the utilitarian
function of vignettes. Equally important is the review of the publication history of the
independent illustrated supplement “NIB”, which, as is well known, has only had three issues.
The authors see in “NIB”, at the same time, an artistic reincarnation of fumiste chatnoiresque
satire, clearly close to Toulouse-Lautrec, Valloton and Bonnard, and a graphic revealing of
the internal philosophical and aesthetic conflict that existed within the Nabis art group. In
addition, the authors also describe the features of the Nathanson brothers’ publishing activity,
emphasizing the direct dependence of the content of published products on the owners’ tastes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out within the framework of the grant from St. Petersburg State University
HUM_2020-2 “Illustrated periodicals in the socio-cultural context of the 19th – 21st centuries: domestic
and foreign experience (culture, art, design, media)”. Project ID 53364090.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Revue Blanche

value: illustrated magazine

value: history of illustrating

value: Bonnard

value: Vallotton

value: Toulouse-Lautrec

value: Vuiallard

value: Nabis

value: Natanson

value: fin de siècle


dc.contributor.author

value: Sokolova, Alla N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sokolova, Alla. “The ‘Dance with Daggers’ as an Ethno-Marker of Adyghe Culture”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 39–55.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article reviews the history, semantic scope and meaning of the “dance with daggers”, which
has survived today as a solo male stage number. The dance is becoming a very important part
of academic dance concerts in the North Caucasus, and at the same time dancers with daggers
are invited to traditional weddings and corporate parties. Сamechas (kъамэчIас) are identified
as military sports and exercises, while also being a modern dance concert number with the
same name. The military sport, circus and dance characteristics of this action are revealed in
the article. It is proved that the dance is based on the demonstration of military merits, such as
the ability to handle sharp knives freely and easily, to throw them at a target, to overcome any
obstacles through high jumps, to keep a visible space in sight, to control the body gracefully
and to conquer physical pain. In the history of the development of the dance, a multilayered
literary text is formed that has mythological and ethno-informational codes. The meaning of
using twelve daggers and a papakha (sheepskin hat), symbolizing intellect/reason and equal to
any Caucasian man’s head is revealed. The movements on toes allowing one to “rise”, to be close
to the gods and to conform to the contours of the mountain landscape, are comparable to the
fine graceful movements of mountain animals using any stone or mound as support. Jumping,
whirling, lunging, and manipulating with a large number of daggers are considered as signs that
reveal deep ethnic values. The choreographic and musical component of the dance is analyzed
as well as tricks that are included in the plot of the dance, allowing the performer to demonstrate
traditional hand positions, certain steps, jump height, spin speed. The Western Adyghes have
formed a stable musical composition for the “dance with daggers”, which consists of three tunes:
“Dzherakai Zafak”, “Kabardinka” and an Ossetian melody arranged by the famous Adyghe accordionist
Kim Tletseruk. “Gathering” music also symbolically represents the “dance with daggers”
as a product and artistic practice of the entire Caucasus.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the Russian Federal Property Fund, project no. 20-012-00065 “Cultural
diffusion of the Circassians of Turkey and Russia: art history and sociocultural analysis”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: dance with daggers

value: dancing tricks

value: Caucasian dances

value: solo male dance

value: къамэчIас

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryzhinskii, Aleksandr S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryzhinskii, Aleksandr. “The Cantatas by Pierre Boulez in the Context of the Main Trends in the Development of Choral Composition of the 20th Century”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 21–38.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on Pierre Boulez’s choral style in the cantatas “Le visage nuptial” and “Le
soleil des eaux”. The versions of these works, created over the course of almost 40 years (from
1951 to 1989), represent a complex of techniques in regard to texture and timbre, which, on
the one hand, are a continuation of experiments by composers of the New Vienna School (A. Schönberg, A. Webern), and on the other hand, they preface a number of innovations in
the choral style of Boulez’s contemporaries (L. Nono, L. Berio, K. Stockhausen, I. Xenakis).
Evidence is provided in favor of the idea that Boulez’s choral works were the logical link between
the vocal and choral opuses of the composers of the first and second Western European
avant-garde. The article examines the peculiarities of the interaction between the verbal and
musical series, the specifics of the textural organization of Boulez’s works, and systematizes
the information about the timbre techniques used. Links are identified between the heterophonic
presentation typical of Boulez’s choral works and the use of quarter tone notation,
glissando reception, and various variants of speech singing (Sprechgesang). The connections
between stereophonic effects in the music of Boulez and Nono are traced. An important place
is occupied by the study of vocal sound recovery or “vocal emission” technologies (as defined
by Boulez). The significance of Schönberg and Webern’s experience in the formulation of the
technical foundations of Boulez’s choral timbres is stressed. Special attention is paid to the
problem of “work in progress” as one of the defining features of the composer’s choral heritage.
Comparing the works by Nono, Maderna, and Bulez, the author concludes the different
reasons for which composers came to the concept of “opera aperta” (U. Eco).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Pierre Boulez

value: Arnold Schönberg

value: Anton Webern

value: René Char

value: Western European Avant Garde

value: choral music

value: choral texture

value: vocal timbres

value: work in progress

value: Sprechgesang


dc.contributor.author

value: Stsiazhko, Nataliia G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Stsiazhko, Nataliia. “The Image of the Holocaust in the Television Documentary Drama Trilogy ‘The Chronicle of the Minsk Ghetto’”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 11, no. 1 (2021): 56–68.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The prevailing view in modern film studies is that television documentary drama (docudrama)
is either a hybrid, a synthesis, or a documentary film genre. The author of the article
hypothesizes that docudrama has long exceeded the boundaries of documentary films and
asserted its own place in the system of screen arts on par with feature films, documentaries
and animated films. The author claims that docudrama is a unique phenomenon generated
by television and it combines all the modern innovations in cinema. Docudrama allows for
the text information to be reformatted into an audio-visual experience in an emotional, spectacular
and accurate way, therefore possessing the inherent features of other screen arts. Like
other forms of screen arts, it forms an image capable of evoking certain emotions and makes
the viewer think and draw their own conclusions. The combination of artefacts and quotes
adds volume and artistic value to the image. The article explores the genesis and development
of television docudrama and gives it a definition based on key characteristics. It shows how
films of various genres can be created within docudrama, proving that docudrama is not a
subgenre within the genre of documentary film but a new independent branch of screen arts.
The author highlights that the reason for the popularity of docudrama lies in the fact that
the historical and informative material, which can be interesting and useful to the viewer, is
presented in a spectacular and lightweight form. This idea is supported through the analysis
of the documentary drama trilogy The Chronicle of the Minsk Ghetto, in which an image of
the Holocaust, the unspeakable tragedy of the Jews during the Second World War, is shown.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 11; Issue 1

value: cinema

value: television documentary drama

value: docudrama

value: Holocaust

value: image

value: screen arts

value: editing

value: genre


title: Аналитическая геометрия на плоскости

dc.contributor.author

value: Матвеева, Мария

value: Пономаренко, Аркадий Кузьмич

dc.description.abstract

value: Учебное пособие написано на основе лекций, читавшихся авторами на химическом факультете Санкт-Петербургского Государственного университета, а также практических занятий, проводившихся на этом факультете. В пособии рассматривается тема «Аналитическая геометрия на плоскости» из дисциплины «Высшая математика». Теоретические сведения, необходимые для решения задач, приводятся в каждом параграфе. Пособие содержит подробные решения типовых задач на рассматриваемую тему. Пособие снабжено иллюстрациями и содержит контрольные задания для индивидуальных работ.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: СПбГУ

value: декартовы координаты, полярные координаты, уравнение прямой, расстояние, угловой коэффициент, нормаль, каноническое уравнение, фокус, директриса, фокусное расстояние, эксцентриситет.

dc.title

value: Аналитическая геометрия на плоскости

dc.type

value: Article

description: Учебное пособие


dc.contributor.author

value: Matveeva, Tatiana

dc.identifier.citation

value: Matveeva, T. 2021. New naturally transgenic plants: 2020 update. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 36–46.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer leads to crown gall or hairy roots disease,
due to expression of transferred T-DNA genes. Spontaneous plant regeneration
from the transformed tissues can produce natural transformants carrying
cellular T-DNA (cT-DNA) sequences of agrobacterial origin. In 2019, based
on genomic sequencing data, cT-DNA horizontally transferred from Agrobacterium
were found in two dozen species of angiosperms. This made it possible
to evaluate the spread of this phenomenon, as well as make some generalizations
regarding the diversity of horizontally transferred genes. The presented
research is a continuation of work in this field. It resulted in the description
of new naturally occurring transgenic species Aeschynomene evenia C. Wright,
Eperua falcata Aubl., Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell., Boswellia sacra Flueck., Kewa
caespitosa (Friedrich) Christenh., Pharnaceum exiguum Adamson, Silene noctiflora
L., Nyssa sinensis Oliv., Vaccinium corymbosum L., Populus alba L. × Populus
glandulosa Moench. The previously identified patterns regarding the frequency
of the occurrence of natural transformants and the general properties of the
cT-DNAs were confirmed in this study.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was made with support
of the Ministry of Science and Higher
Education of the Russian Federation in
accordance with agreement № 075-15-2020-
922 dated 16.11.2020 on providing a grant
in the form of subsidies from the federal
budget of the Russian Federation. The grant
was provided for state support for the
creation and development of a world-class
scientific center, Agrotechnologies for the
Future.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: cT-DNA

value: horizontal gene transfer

value: naturally-transgenic plants


dc.contributor.author

value: Provorov, Nikolay

dc.identifier.citation

value: Provorov, N. 2021. Genetic individuality and interspecies altruism: modelling symbiogenesis using different types of symbiotic bacteria. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 66–72.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this minireview, we address the trade-off between biological altruism (group
adaptation resulting from the ability of an organism to improve the fitness of an
associate at the expense of its own fitness) and symbiogenesis — the evolutionary
pathway based on genetic integration of non-related species. We address
symbiogenesis as a multi-stage process, which involves formation of superspecific
hereditary systems — functionally integral symbiogenomes (under the facultative
partners’ interactions) reorganized into the structurally integral hologenomes
(in the obligatory symbioses). The best studied case of symbiogenesis
is represented by the evolution of the eukaryotic cell based on transformation
of symbiotic bacteria into cellular organelles. This evolution is associated with
the deep reduction of microsymbionts’ genomes and with allocation of their
genes into the hosts. As a result, microsymbionts lost their Genetic INdividuality
(GIN), characterized by an ability to implement DNA- and RNA-based template
syntheses required for genome maintenance and expression. Under facultative
symbiotic dependence on hosts, the partial loss of GIN is due to a “symbiont
→ host” altruism which in the N2-fixing microbe–plant symbioses results in
formation of non-reproducible bacterial forms (e.g., intracellular bacteroids in
rhizobia or multiple heterocysts in Nostoc). If micro-symbionts lose their ability
of autonomous existence (e.g., in the vertically transmitted intracellular symbionts),
they are switched to the “forced altruism” in which the GIN reduction is
required for the stable persistence of symbionts in hosts. Therefore, organellogenesis
involves the sequential increase of the symbionts’ dependency on
hosts: conditional → facultative → obligatory → absolute. It is associated with
the reorganization of microbes into semi-autonomous cellular components,
which may be completely devoid of their own genomes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Supported by the Russian Science
Foundation, Grant 19-16-00081.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: facultative and obligatory symbioses

value: symbiogenesis and organellogenesis

value: biological altruism

value: microbe-plant interactions

value: nodule bacteria (rhizobia)

value: superspecific genetic systems (hologenomes, symbiogenomes)

value: genetic individuality

value: horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer


dc.contributor.author

value: Karlov, Denis

value: Sazanova, Anna

value: Kuznetsova, Irina

value: Tikhomirova, Nina

value: Popova, Zhanna

value: Osledkin, Yuriy

value: Demidov, Nikita

value: Belimov, Andrey

value: Safronova, Vera

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karlov, D., Sazanova, A., Kuznetsova, I., Tikhomirova, N., Popova, Zh., Osledkin, Yu., Demidov, N., Belimov, A., and Safronova, V. 2021. Rhizobial isolates in active layer samples of permafrost soil of Spitsbergen, Arctic. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 73–82.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Twenty-nine strains were isolated from two samples of the permafrost active
layer of the Spitsbergen archipelago. The estimated number of bacteria ranged
from 4.0⋅104 to 1.7⋅107 CFU∙g–1. As a result of sequencing of the 16S rRNA (rrs)
genes, the isolates were assigned to 13 genera belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria,
Proteobacteria (classes α, β, and γ), Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes.
Six isolates belonged to the rhizobial genus Mesorhizobium (order Rhizobiales).
A plant nodulation assay with seedlings of legume plants Astragalus norvegicus,
A. frigidus, A. subpolaris and Oxytropis sordida, originated from Khibiny (Murmansk
region, Russia) and inoculated with Mesorhizobium isolates, showed the
inability of these strains to form nodules on plant roots. Symbiotic (sym) genes
nodC and nodD were not detected in Mesorhizobium strains either.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was performed with
Russian Science Foundation support (grant
No. 20-76-10042). Sampling, chemical
analysis of samples and isolation of strains
were supported by the Russian Science
Foundation (grant No. 19-77-1006). The
long-term storage of strains was supported
by the Program for the Development
and Inventory of Bioresource Collections.
The research was performed using
equipment of the Core Centrum “Genomic
Technologies, Proteomics and Cell Biology”
in ARRIAM.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: legume plants

value: root nodule bacteria

value: 16S rRNA genes

value: permafrost soil

value: Spitsbergen

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gultyaeva, Elena

value: Levitin, Mark

value: Shaydayuk, Ekaterina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gultyaeva, E., Levitin, M., and Shaydayuk, E. 2021. Variability of the Russian populations of Puccinia triticina under the influence of the host plant. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 28–35.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes our own data and data from the literature on the study of
plant–pathogen interactions in the pathosystem of Puccinia triticina and host
plants of the genera Triticum and Aegilops with different ploidy and genomes.
We characterize the long-term variability of the Russian populations of the
pathogen, caused by the cultivation of genetically protected cultivars of common
wheat (T. aestivum). Differences of the pathogen’s virulence on hexaploid
species T. aestivum and tetraploid wheat (T. durum) are shown. Data on the
pathogen’s virulence on other hexaploid, tetraploid, and diploid relative species
Triticum sp. and Aegilops sp. are presented. Adaptation and specificity to the
host plant were shown as the key driving factors in the evolution and divergence
of clonally propagating phytopathogens, which include leaf rust.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study was partially funded
by the Russian Science Foundation (project
number 19-76-30005).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: leaf rust

value: wheat

value: Triticum sp.

value: Aegilops sp.

value: Lr-genes

value: resistance

value: planthost interaction

value: pathogen


dc.contributor.author

value: Trifonova, Natalia

value: Koroleva, Maria

value: Fedorova, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trifonova, N., Koroleva, M., and Fedorova, E. 2021. Some aspects of metal ion transport and in silico gene expression analysis of potassium/sodium ion transporters, channels and exchangers in root nodules. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 55–65.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Rhizobia establish a symbiotic relationship with legumes, which results in the
formation of root nodules, the ecological niche for intracellular rhizobia. The infected
cell of a root nodule is a special integral unit of plant and nitrogen fixing
rhizobia. Nodules tend to be very sensitive to ionic stresses, such as salt stress.
High vulnerability toward ionic stresses might be due to defects in ion balance
and transport in the infected tissue. The purpose of this minireview is to summarize
the current data regarding metal ion transport in the root nodule, with
particular emphasis on potassium/sodium ion transport. A bioinformatic approach
and in silico gene expression analysis have been used to obtain some
insight for K+/Na+ transportеr channels and exchangers in root nodule developmental
zones.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by RFBR
(Russian Foundation for Basic Research,
grant 19-04-00570 to E.E.F.). The authors
would like to thank the Ministry of Science
and Higher Education of the Russian
Federation for covering the basic supplies
for the research (0087-2019-0013).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 66; Issue 1

value: symbiosis

value: root nodule

value: infected cell

value: symbiosome

value: ion transporters


dc.contributor.author

value: Cangioli, Lisa

value: Checcucci, Alice

value: Mengoni, Alessio

value: Fagorzi, Camilla

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cangioli, L., Checcucci, A., Mengoni, A., and Fagorzi, C. 2021. Legume tasters: symbiotic rhizobia host preference and smart inoculant formulations. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 47–54.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Mutualistic interactions have great importance in ecology, with genetic information
that takes shape through interactions within the symbiotic partners and
between the partners and the environment. It is known that variation of the
host-associated microbiome contributes to buffer adaptation challenges of the
host’s physiology when facing varying environmental conditions. In agriculture,
pivotal examples are symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, known to contribute
greatly to host (legume plants) adaptation and host productivity. A holistic view
of increasing crop yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is that of
microbiome engineering, the exploitation of a host-associated microbiome
through its rationally designed manipulation with synthetic microbial communities.
However, several studies highlighted that the expression of the desired
phenotype in the host resides in species-specific, even genotype-specific interactions
between the symbiotic partners. Consequently, there is a need to
dissect such an intimate level of interaction, aiming to identify the main genetic
components in both partners playing a role in symbiotic differences/host
preferences. In the present paper, while briefly reviewing the knowledge and
the challenges in plant–microbe interaction and rhizobial studies, we aim to
promote research on genotype x genotype interaction between rhizobia and
host plants for a rational design of synthetic symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microbial
communities to be used for sustainably improving leguminous plants yield.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the
grant MICRO4Legumes (“Il microbioma
vegetale simbionte come strumento per il
miglioramento delle leguminose foraggere.
Acronimo”), D.M.n.89267 (Italian Ministry of
Agriculture).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: microbiome engineering

value: genome x genome

value: legume-rhizobia mutualism

value: precision agriculture

dc.type

value: Article


title: Unnoticed Coup D’état

dc.contributor.author

value: Belousov, Mikhail S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belousov M. S. Unnoticed Coup D’état. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 79–97.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the history of the emergence and development of the political crisis of
the Interregnum. The central question of the article is examination of the reason why Nikolai,
having received news of the death of Alexander, decided to swear allegiance to Konstantin. An
analysis of historiography demonstrates that the most diametrical interpretations of this event
are presented in the literature: Nikolai acted under pressure from M. A. Miloradovich and/or
Maria Fedorovna, together with the Governor-General and/or Empress Mother. An important
aspect of the work is the study of the normative component of the problem of succession. It
is shown that by November 1825 a contradictory situation had developed: by law the heir was
Konstantin, by family agreement — Nikolai. The article justifiably proves that the Manifesto
of Alexander I on the transfer of the throne of Nicholas was a model of separate family law
and was never supposed to be published. On the basis of a wide range of sources, the article
reconstructs the course of meetings on November 25, describes the features of taking the oath
on November 27, and reveals the development of the dynastic crisis arising from them. It is
demonstrated that Nicholas had a complex plan to seize power, which implied unification
with representatives of the generals and the highest bureaucracy, an oath in favor of Konstantin
in violation of the established tradition, pressure on his older brother and, ultimately, the
proclamation of emperor. The article presents the question of rumors spread in St. Petersburg
society related to the secession of Poland and the hypothetical murder of Constantine.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the grant No. 19-78-00040 “Anthropology of the Political Crisis:
A Case of the Interregnum of 1825” of the Russian Science Foundation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Decembrists

value: Decembrist movement

value: Nicholas I

value: Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich

value: M. A. Miloradovich

value: conspiracy

value: oath

dc.title

value: Unnoticed Coup D’état


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreev, Andrei Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreev А. Yu. A Statistical Study on the University Professoriate in the Russian Empire. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 19–43.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to a statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative parameters characterizing
the professoriate of Russian universities in 1755–1884. The material for such a study
was drawn from the prosopographic database compiled on the basis of biographical data on
professors and containing more than 1200 names of scientists. The following characteristics
have been examined: the social composition; the dynamics of the replenishment of the professor
corps; the distribution of professors by different universities and by branches of science;
the average age of embarking on the professorial position; the length of the professorial service;
the role of “junior” university positions and the importance of the period of teaching as
Privatdozent before becoming a professor; the proportion of those who were graduates of the
universities where they later taught, etc. These characteristics have been studied in chronological
dynamics, depending on the main stages of replenishment of the professoriate, which
coincided with the major university reforms in the 19th century. The similarity between some
parameters for the entire professorial corps (for example, the average age of receiving professorship)
and the evolution of parameters in different periods and differences between universities
has been identified. Some phenomena of university life, known in historiography in a
number of examples, have received a detailed explanation in the light of statistical analysis. At
the same time, the study has demonstrated the potential of quantitative methods in revealing
new properties of Russian university professors that cannot be found only through the analysis
of narrative sources.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared in the framework of the project 18-18-00121 supported by the Russian Science
Foundation “Collective biography of Russian university stuff in the mirror of social history (second
half of the 18th century — early 20th century)”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian universities

value: professors

value: reforms

value: university Statutes

value: quantitative methods


dc.contributor.author

value: Mironov, Boris N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mironov B. N. Disintegration of the USSR in Historiography: Collapse or Dissolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 132–147.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Over the period of 30 years various scientists representing different fields have been studying
disintegration of the USSR with unflagging interest. As of August 1, 2020, more than 300 books,
3000 articles, and 20 dissertations have been written in Russia alone. Generalization and critical
analysis of this literature requires a monograph. But this task is so complex that for the
time being the case is limited to historiographical articles. The purpose of this article is to
identify the most popular points of view expressed by well-known experts on the problem of
the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The analysis enables to draw the following conclusions.
The existing explanations can be divided into two large groups. The first one includes works
whose authors consider disintegration as the product of a combination of random circumstances,
external causes, and mistakes of party and Soviet leaders, and therefore focus first
on the study of the role of subjective and external factors, and, second, on the short period of
time, 1985–1991, immediately preceding the disintegration. The second group includes works
whose authors consider disintegration as a natural result of long-developed processes, search
for its historical background, study trends in the development of the Soviet Union and the
Union republics, and look at the disintegration systemically and comprehensively. In other
words, the former consider disintegration to be a random phenomenon generated mainly by
the events of 1985–1991, while the latter consider it to be a natural phenomenon with deep
historical, economic, political, cultural, and social prerequisites and causes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by grant No. 20-09-00353 from Russian Foundation for Basic Research
“The disintegration of the Soviet Union in the human dimension: an interdisciplinary study”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;

value: national and foreign historiography

value: collapse of the USSR

value: prerequisites and factors of disintegration

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gerd, Lora A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gerd L. The Greek Monasteries of the Pontus and Russia in Modern Times. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 98–113.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article concentrates on one of the aspects of the Eastern question, the Russian struggle
for penetration in the Eastern part of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th and early 20th century.
This region of Turkey was an object of special attention for the Russian foreign policy. The
ecclesiastical aspect of the Russian influence was of special importance: the preservation of
Orthodoxy was an important task of the Russian representatives. The traditional method of
material aid for the Orthodox monasteries and churches was widely used. They regularly received
permissions for gathering donations in Russia. Another method used in the 19th century
was the open support of the Orthodox population by the Russian consuls. During the
reforms (Tanzimat) in the Ottoman Empire many secret Christians from the eastern regions
proclaimed themselves Orthodox. The Russian diplomats after the Crimean war intermediated
the conversion of the Crypto-Christians into Orthodoxy. The study of Trapezund and
its monasteries by the Russian Byzantologists at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th
century also contributed to the penetration into the region. In addition to the explicit scholarly
results, their research helped to strengthen the Russian authority among the local population.
The relationship and cooperation between the Russian commandment and the local
clergy during the Russian occupation in 1916–1917 and the scientific expedition of Feodor
Uspenskii were the last page of this history. Based on previously unknown archive sources, the
article traces how different means of church policy served to strengthen the Russian influence
in Eastern Turkey.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article is financed by a grant of the Russian Fund of Fundamental Research 19-09-41004, “Russia
and the Patriarchate of Antioch in the 18th to the beginning of the 20th Century”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Eastern question

value: Ottoman Empire

value: church policy

value: Eastern Pontus

value: diplomacy

value: Orthodoxy


dc.contributor.author

value: Kravchuk, Alexander S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kravchuk A. S. To the History of Commission for the Eradication of Misuse of Power in the Taurida Province. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 44–55.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines work of The Commission for the eradication of misuse of power in the
Taurida Governorate, which existed in 1816–1819. The sources used for this study include
documents from the Russian State Historical Archive and State Archive of the Republic of
Crimea. This organization was established by the central authorities to examine the work of
the local administration and illegal acquisition of land by officials. Members of ruling circle
believed that the key to incorporation of the Crimea into the Russian Empire lay in regulation
of land relations and bringing order to the bureaucracy work. That is why the first land
commission in Crimea was created at the end of 18th century. Massive malpractice on the
part of the Russian civil servants was a widespread phenomenon after the French invasion in
Russia in 1812. Nevertheless, in Crimea the situation was more large-scale. Members of the
Commission members identified numerous violations of laws. Moreover, local bureaucracy
and Taurida civil governor A. M. Borozdin were under investigation. In this situation, in most
cases Crimean Tatars suffered, which affected their loyalty to the Russian administration. Permanent
military conflicts with Ottoman Empire and the lack of resources for the development
of frontier areas forced high officials to seek compromise solutions. The local bureaucracy was
not interested in investigating the cases of malpractice and sabotaged the work of the Commission.
Moreover, the majority of the members of the Commission was involved in trial. This
factor led to the creation of a new Committee under the Ministry of internal Affairs in 1819.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Taurida Governorate

value: Crimea

value: Novorossia

value: land conflicts

value: officials

value: corruption


dc.contributor.author

value: Kowalsky, Daniel

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kowalsky D. The Spanish Republic’s Diplomatic Mission to Moscow during Civil War. Part 1. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 212–225.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Spanish Civil War played a unique role in the Soviet Union’s geo-political strategies in
the second half of the 1930s. The conflict marked the first occasion that Moscow had participated
in a foreign war beyond its traditional spheres of influence. But Soviet involvement in
the Spanish war went far beyond the sale of armor and aviation to the beleaguered Spanish
Republic. While Moscow organized and supported the creation of the International Brigades,
on the cultural front, the Soviets sought to roll out a broad program of propaganda, employing
film, poster art and music to link the destinies of the Slavic and Hispanic peoples. If scholars
have succeeded in recent years to rewrite the history of many components of Soviet participation
in the Spanish Civil War, diplomatic relations between the Republic and Moscow remain
an unexplored theme. This is the first instalment of a two-part article, unpublished official
documents, as well as memoirs, newsreels, private letters and the press, to offer the first narrative
history of the Republican embassy in Moscow. The diplomatic rapprochement between
the USSR and Spain in 1933 is explored as a prelude to the exchange of ambassadors following
the outbreak of the Civil War in summer 1936. The appointment of the young Spanish doctor
Marcelino Pascua to a newly recreated Moscow embassy is examined in detail, up to autumn
1937. This article allows the reader hitherto unavailable access to the daily trials, disappointments
and occasional breakthroughs experienced by the Spanish Republican ambassador in
Stalin’s Soviet Union.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Spain

value: USSR

value: Spanish Civil War

value: Joseph Stalin

value: Moscow

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tot, Yurii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tot Yu. V. On the Organization of the All-Russian Inspection of the Governorates. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 56–78.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The inspection of local government in 1800, the largest ever conducted in Russia, is very
modestly presented in historiography. On the one hand, this is due to the predominance of
a negative tradition in the study of the epoch of Paul I despite the “new direction” laid down
by M. V. Klochkov, on the other hand — due to the source base for studying the issue formed
in the work of A. E. Nolde. It was A. E. Nolde, followed by V. N. Bochkarev, who had a decisive
influence on the development of the historiography of the issue. In addition to the term
“audit”, the established historiographical parameters include: limited funding, small number
of participants in the inspection; uncertainty regarding the rights of senators; formal pattern
of reports; the predominance of positive feedback in them in order to avoid the consequences
of “hot-tempered nature of the monarch”; perfunctory, and therefore “inconclusive”, pattern
of the inspection not providing the materials “for any general reform or reorganization of any
parts of management”. We object to such interpretations of predecessors and to the definition
of inspection as “audit”, to the issue with the initiator of the inspection, the reasons for its
conducting, the time, the content of instruction. All of the above mentioned problems require
further studying, and first and foremost — the text of the instructions, which is a key to their
understanding. Reconsideration the biased assessments of the first and last all-Russian inspection
of 1800 by extracting new information from traditional sources and introducing previously
unknown archival materials into scientific circulation is an objective historiographical
necessity.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian Empire at the turn of the 18th — 19th centuries

value: Paul I

value: Senate

value: local government

value: audit

value: inspection


dc.contributor.author

value: Klimov, Oleg Yu.

value: Kholod, Maxim M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Klimov O. Yu., Kholod M. M. Dedication of the Warriors from Epirus to Heracles. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 148–162.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes a poetic dedication to Heracles, found during the archaeological dig in
northwestern Greece, in Epirus. The dedication was made by three warriors from a small
city of Buchetion, who having joined the Roman army participated in the suppression of
Aristonicus’ revolt in the kingdom of Pergamon (133–129 BC). The inscription supplements
our knowledge of Aristonicus’ revolt. In particular, the new fact is that warriors from Balkan
Greece took part in the war against Aristonicus, which is not mentioned by the extant narrative
tradition. It is possible that the three warriors were conscripted into the Roman army
headed by the consul of 130 BC Marcus Perperna by means of a treaty that the Romans had
concluded with the cities of Cassopa and Buchetion, similarly to a number of other Greek
states. In the dedication, Aristonicus is referred to by name alone, although it is known that he
took the royal title. In all likelihood, the warriors who left the dedication to Heracles served
in a wagon train, fulfilling the duties of transporting military goods and, at the same time,
guarding them. They apparently belonged to a wealthy segment of society in their small city
because they went to war with wagons and horses. It can be assumed that during the devastation
the Romans brought to Epirus in 167 BC, the coastal Greek cities, such as Cassopa and
Buchetion, did not suffer. The devastation may have affected only the inner areas of the region.
The dedication to Heracles was made because Heracles as a savior was popular among Greeks.
In addition, he was considered an ancestor of Oxylus, one of the Heraclids who after their
return to Peloponnesus became ruler of Elis. Afterwards, colonists from this region founded
Buchetion, the home city of the warriors who left the dedication.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Research in the part prepared by M. M. Kholod was supported by the Russian Science Foundation,
project No. 20-18-00374, carried out on the basis of the Nizhny Novgorod State University.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

value: Asia Minor

value: Kingdom of Pergamon

value: Aristonicus’ revolt

value: Attalid dynasty

value: Heracles

value: Epirus

value: Roman conquests


dc.contributor.author

value: Song, Lei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Song Lei. Experience and Prospects of Cooperation between Beijing Institute of Technology and Russia in Higher Education. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 114–131.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The history of the Beijing Institute of Technology (University) began in 1940 in the city
of Yan’an. In 2019, two 70th anniversaries were celebrated — the establishment of the Russian-
Chinese diplomatic relations and the beginning of cooperation between the Beijing Institute
of Technology and Russian universities (1949–2019). 2020 became the year of the eightieth
anniversary of the founding of the institute (1940–2020). In connection with this special
and significant date, the generalization and outline of the history of development and experience
of the Institute seems to be especially important. The history of the Russian-Chinese
cooperation in higher education has been illuminated by the bright stars: the best people of
the modern period and the heroes of the revolution graduated from the University of Workers
of the East named after I. V. Stalin and the Sun Yat-sen University of Chinese Workers in Moscow.
During the glorious but difficult early years of the People’s Republic of China, the Soviet
government sent many of its educational specialists to China. Today, with the development of
Russian-Chinese relations, this bilateral cooperation will only become more successful and
closer. This article provides an overview of the three most important stages of cooperation
between the Beijing Institute of Technology and Russian universities, on the basis of which
the significant experience of the institute in this field is summarized, as well as the direction
and possibility for their future cooperation in the light of “The Belt and Road” initiative, a
comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction between Russia and China in the new era
and the “double top level” program.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been financially supported by the humanitarian and social research of the youth
Foundation of the Ministry of education of PRC as part of the research project “Research of the theory and
practice of moral education in the period of the USSR (1917–1956)”, project no. 17YJС710072, head of the
project Song Lei.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: BIT

value: soviet specialists

value: higher education

value: cooperation and exchange between Russia and China

value: Shenzhen MSU-BIT University

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sikora, Miroslaw

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sikora M. Foreign Intelligence and Pharmaceutical Industry in Poland. Part 2. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 260–278.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the 1960s, Polish society was still not affected by lifestyle diseases to such a large extent as
in the developed countries of Western Europe. However, the statistics on cancer and cardiovascular
diseases started to rise in the 1970s, along with the dynamic economic development
of Poland under communist party’s secretary Edward Gierek. Meanwhile, the government of
the People’s Republic of Poland could not afford to invest simultaneously in all critical sectors
of the economy. Particular priority was given to capital-intensive automotive and electronics
industries as well as to traditional but important for Polish exports of raw materials (copper,
coal). In the 1980s, as a result of the Cold War escalation along with the subsequent tightening
of the strategic embargo by NATO states, and — finally — because of the gigantic foreign debt,
the financial resources of Poland were reduced almost to zero. The lack of funds for research
and development in the field of pharmacy and biotechnology was to be compensated for by
an illegal transfer of know-how from the OECD area. Polish foreign intelligence services had
already considerable experience in the field of purchasing technical documentation on the
black market. In the 1970s, at least a dozen or so antibiotic manufacturing technologies were
clandestinely obtained in the West and passed on to the Polish R&D and industry. The article
examines the involvement of Polish intelligence in the transfer of medicines, active substances
and other pharmaceutical products (including medical equipment) to Poland. The “socially
useful” function of communist secret services becomes a fascinating problem in this context.
The article is based partly on the documents produced or collected by the Polish foreign intelligence
service in 1960–1990, which have been declassified and are now accessible to the
public in the Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was funded by National Science Center (NCN), Poland, Project Sonata, Edition 13,
No: 2017/26/D/HS3/00250.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Poland

value: Cold War

value: Comecon

value: intelligence services

value: scientific espionage

value: pharmaceutical industry

value: history of technology


dc.contributor.author

value: Yungblud, Valerii T.

value: Sadakov, Denis A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yungblud V. T., Sadakov D. A. Inclusion of the Republic of Korea in the US Defense Perimeter after the Korean War. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 226–244.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article describes the formation of a military and political alliance of the United States and
the Republic of Korea in 1954. The article aims at defining the motives and priorities of the
parties in the American-Korean negotiations held from June to November 1954 and at determining
which factors influenced the negotiation outcome. On the whole, the significance of
conflict elements in the US-South Korea relations increased in 1953–1954. While the Americans’
goal was to stabilize the situation on the peninsula and create a strong security system
in northeast Asia, the priority of the Koreans and their leader Syngman Rhee, the President
of the South Korea, was to restore the country’s unity. These priorities were not in line after
the failure of the Korean talks at the 1954 Geneva Conference. Being totally dependent on
the Americans in the military and economic spheres, Rhee was forced to comply with the
armistice and cooperate in the implementation of the US initiatives regarding reunification of
the country, which had very little chance of success. In exchange, he expected the US-Korea
Mutual Defense Treaty to come into force and demanded the implementation of economic
and military aid programs. Although the USA made concessions regarding all the points, they
managed to create sufficient counterbalance to restrain Syngman Rhee: they established control
over the South Korean military forces; assigned broad authority to the Coordinator of aid
programs; had considerable armed forces on the territory of Korea. The Republic of Korea was
included in the US regional security system on the terms of the Americans.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project number: 19-18-00501) “Internationalization
of internal conflicts in US foreign policy (1945–2001): planning, informational support,
military and political participation”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: USA

value: Republic of Korea

value: D. Eisenhower

value: Syngman Rhee

value: 1954 Geneva Conference

value: US-Korean relations


title: The Three Roles of Neaira

dc.contributor.author

value: Kudryavtseva, Tatyana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kudryavtseva T. V. The Three Roles of Neaira. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 163–178.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines one of the most striking speeches of the Demosthenes corps, which was
often quoted by ancient authors: LIX “Against Neaira,” conventionally believed to be authored
by Apollodorus. Although this speech, as well as the trial where it was presented, has repeatedly
become the subject of historiographic commentary and discussion, not a single specialized
work has been devoted to it in Russian. The trial against Neaira and her partner Stephanos
is of interest not only because it is the only surviving case on charges of illegal acquisition of
Athenian citizenship, and the plaintiff ’s speech allows us to reconstruct a number of important
aspects of legal proceedings in Athens (litigants’ behavior, arguments, witnesses, evidence,
etc.). The prosecutor also reveals certain unappealing aspects of the daily life of Greek society
in terms of attitudes to women, prostitution and pedophilia. The speaker divides women into
three categories: wife, concubine (παλλακή) and hetaera. Neaira successfully handled the roles
of hetaera and concubine. It is unknown whether Apollodorus had managed to impose on her
the role of a legal wife — the one that would put Neaira at risk of being sold into slavery. Despite
the weakness of the prosecution’s arguments and evidence, Apollodorus, who skillfully
used the concept of polis rules, family identity and religious values, as well as dikastes’ prejudices,
could have become the winner. However, presenting sufficiently convincing counter-
arguments and testimonies may not have been difficult for Stephanos, although, perhaps,
an appeal to the mercy and pity of the judges would have been a more efficient way to achieve
his goal.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The paper was created within the project financed by RFFI: No. 19-09-00183 (Judicial process in antiquity:
legal, political, social and personal aspects).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Ancient Greece

value: Athens

value: trial

value: Apollodorus

value: Neaira

value: Stephanos

value: marriage

value: concubine

value: hetaera

dc.title

value: The Three Roles of Neaira

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Năstăsoiu, Dragoş Gh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Năstăsoiu D. Gh. Symbolic Actions and Anti-royal Propaganda during a Political Crisis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 179–192.

dc.description.abstract

value:
On Christmas Eve 1402, Hungarian noblemen gathered in the Cathedral of Nagyvárad, where
St. Ladislas’ tomb was located, and swore an oath on the holy king’s relics. They proclaimed
thus their allegiance to King Ladislas of Naples and conspired against the ruling King Sigis mund of Luxemburg. By swearing an oath on St. Ladislas’ relics, the conspirators united their
minds and forces around the ideal figure of the holy king and knight who became the symbol
of a political cause and the embodiment of the kingdom which King Sigismund was no longer
suited to represent. The symbolic gesture of oath-swearing on St. Ladislas’ relics took place
in the midst of a three-year political crisis (1401–1403) that seized the Kingdom of Hungary
as a consequence of the barons’ dissatisfaction with King Sigismund’s measures, which jeopardized
their wealth and political influence. By relying on both written accounts and visual
sources, the present paper examines the utilizing by Hungarian noblemen during this political
crisis of important political and spiritual symbols associated with the Kingdom of Hungary.
These included: the cults, relics, and visual representations of St. Ladislas, the Hungarian Holy
Crown, or the kingdom’s heraldry. The propagandistic usage of these spiritual and political
symbols was reinforced by their insertion into elaborated rituals and symbolic actions, such
as coronations or oath-swearing on relics. By activating the link between secular and religious
spheres through these rituals and symbolic actions, their performers hoped to attract the divine
approval. By discussing such instances, the present paper seeks to illustrate how the ideal
figure of St. Ladislas became the catalyzing force behind a political cause.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The results of the project Symbolic Behavior in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period carried out
within the framework of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of
Economics (HSE) in 2018 are presented in this work.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: St. Ladislas

value: King Ladislas of Naples

value: medieval Hungary

value: cult of saints

value: relics

value: symbolic actions

value: heraldry

value: anti-royal propaganda

value: Hungarian political crisis of 1401–1403


dc.contributor.author

value: Kamińska-Chełminiak, Kamila

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kamińska-Chełminiak K. Polish Censorship during the Late Stalinist Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 245–259.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the study is to present selected aspects of the history of censorship in Poland during
the Stalinist period (1948−1956). The article presents the circumstances of the establishment
of the censorship office in Poland — the Central Office for the Control of Press, Publications
and Events (GUKPPiW) — which was set up in January 1945 and operated throughout the
period of the Polish People’s Republic, until April 1990. The article also gives an answer to
the question about the role of the so-called Soviet advisers who came to Lublin in December
1944 and took full control of the process of creating state censorship. The employees of the Soviet
censorship sent from Moscow were tasked with creating an institution that would control
the media and operate according to the mechanisms established in the USSR. In the process
of organizing the censorship apparatus, the Polish communists played a marginal and servant
role towards the Soviet military (including General N. Bulganin) and advisers who came from
Moscow. The most important decisions were made by the employees of Glavlit, whose recommendations
were treated by the management of the Polish Workers’ Party as orders. Glavlit
officers, who arrived in Lublin in December 1944, recruited censorship employees, developed
instructions for them, rules for publishing and issuing printed works and drafted a decree on
the control of the press, publications and performances, a draft order of the minister of public
security regarding the introduction of censorship. The work also describes the process of recruiting
censors, as well as the reasons and scope of censorship interventions.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

value: Publications and Events

value: the Stalinist period in Poland

value: censorship office in Poland


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreev, Artem A.

value: Kopaneva, Dina D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreev A. A., Kopaneva D. D. Paradoxes and Realities of the Iranian Politics of the First Romanovs. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 5–18.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper based on materials from Fonds 77 “Relations between Russia and Persia” of the Russian
State Archive of Ancient Acts describes numerous episodes related to robberies and other
conflicts between Russian and Iranian subjects in the context of the common amiable policy
of their monarchs. Almost every letter from Shah Safi I (1629–1642) which was addressed
to Mikhail Fedorovich contained assurances of a friendly attitude (“loving friendship”). The
strategic line chosen by the two monarchs aimed at preserving and developing trade contacts
between the two states was noticeably limited to tactical actions for the personal benefit of
Russian and, to a larger extent, Iranian officials, representatives of the regional administration.
The uprisings on the periphery of the Safavid state, in particular in Gilan, were accompanied
by numerous cases of robbery of the tsar’s subjects. The Cossack raids, which intensified in the
Caspian in view of Moscow’s ban on “going” to the Black Sea coast in the early 1630s, were already one of the main obstacles to Iranian trade. At the same time, the example of the embassy
of the merchant (in Russian — kupchina, tsar’s or shah’s trade representative) Khvaji Rakhmat
(1630–1631), the attempts of the Astrakhan governors to stop the robberies of the Cossacks on
the Caspian coast, as well as the actions of the Shah to compensate for the property robbed in
Lakhidjan, demonstrate that the two sides intended to maintain the “loving friendship”, albeit
with varying degrees of success.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the research grant No. 18-78-10052 “The Documentary History of the
Russian Strand of Safavid Diplomacy (1501–1722)” of the Russian Scienсe Foundation.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Russian-Iranian relations of the 17th century

value: Mikhail Fedorovich

value: Safi I

value: kupchina

value: A. I. Romanchukov

value: Shemakha

value: Gilan

value: Cossacks

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Martin, Alexander Michael

dc.identifier.citation

value: Martin A. M. Debates on the Peasant Question in the Nikolaevan Era. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 293–301.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A large scholarly literature exists about plans for a peasant reform in the reign of Nicholas
I. However, the most important archival documents about the debates on the peasant question
remain unpublished. The new book by T. V. Andreeva “The distant approaches to the Great
Reform: The peasant question in Russia in the reign of Nicholas I” seeks to fill this lacuna. The
book begins with a historical survey of the six government committees that were tasked with
planning reforms, followed by an extensive collection of archival documents of both official
and private provenance. In the debates under Nicholas I, the specific problem of serfdom was
folded into the larger question of the social position of the peasants, which the government
regarded as a source of both political instability and economic backwardness. The solution
that officials envisioned was a reform that was comprehensive, multi-faceted, and gradual.
Step-by-step, the evolution that had led to creation of serfdom from the 17th century onward
was to be reversed: the landlords were gradually to lose their power over the person of the
serfs, who were to be attached only to the land itself. Eventually, the serfs were to be emancipated
with land; in the meantime, restrictions on the power of landlords and a comprehensive
reform of the state peasants were to serve as preparatory steps. According to Andreeva, the
vision of Nicholas and his advisors was too limited and conservative, and premised on the
mistaken belief that it was possible to modernize the country without touching the core of the
sociopolitical system.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: serfdom

value: state peasants

value: peasant question

value: secret committees

value: Nicholas I

value: Great Reforms

value: P. D. Kiselev


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryblova, Marina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryblova M. A. Widows in a Traditional Family and the Don Cossack Community. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 279–292.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Based on the analysis of materials from the Don periodicals of the second half of the 19th
century as well as data from field ethnographic studies of the late 20th — early 21th century
collected in places of compact residence of the Don Cossacks, the article reveals the status and
functions of widows in the Don Cossack community and family. The cardinal changes in the
situation of widowed women in the family and community, in the economic and ceremonial
spheres of life are shown, and the mechanisms for their adaptation to the new status are revealed.
Features of the militarized way of life in the Don Cossack communities had an impact
on the position of widows in the family and community. They determined their high status associated
with the main social function — the guardians of the military glory of husbands. The
special property rights of widows and their active participation in the life of the community,
including Cossack self-government, were associated with this. The community secured widows’
rights to land allotment of the deceased husband and his property, defended the rights
of the widow and her children, focusing not only on legislation, but also on customary law.
In the Cossack milieu, there were also forms of psychological rehabilitation of widows: their
inclusion in the ritual life of the family and community, support through the communities of
odnosumy (fellow soldiers) and odnosumok (“female fellow soldiers”). These mechanisms
enabled women who found themselves in difficult life situations to find a new place in society,
opened opportunities for psychological rehabilitation, spiritual realization and continuation
of an active social life.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication was prepared as part of the implementation of the state assignment by Southern Scientific
Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, state registration no. АААА-А20-120122990111-9.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Don Cossacks

value: Cossack widow

value: family and social status

value: ritual functions


dc.contributor.author

value: Cvikić, Sandra

value: Dobrovšak, Ljiljana

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cvikić S. C., Dobrovšak Lj. D. Croatian Interwar Cultural Memory and Disabled War Veterans. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 193–211.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the contemporary international scholarly community cultural memory related to the First
World War as a research field and subject area is extensively problematized and studied by
social sciences and humanities. Based on the available surveyed scholarly production, it is
evident that Croatian cultural memory of the First World War is an under-researched subject.
This paper therefore presents preliminary findings of conducted qualitative sociological
research into the development of the post-First World War cultural memory in Croatia in the
interwar period. The research provides an insight into how Croatian disabled war veterans
(de)constructed post-war cultural memory inside a newly formed multiethnic state of Serbs,
Croats, and Slovenes (the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), and to which extent it was connected to
national and ethnic. The discourse and discursive practices developed by Croatian disabled
war veterans are analyzed in selected newspapers (Nezavisnost, Hrvatski invalid, Ratni invalid,
Vojni invalid) published in the period 1920–1924. The article uses post-modernist sociological
fallibilistic Foucauldian methodology of discourse analysis and Foucault’s understanding of
modernist societies, which is based on the research into how the language appropriates specific
discourses developed by certain groups in addition to the prevalent discursive practices.
Both methodology and theory are used to explain the findings in the framework of what Wolfgang
Schivelbusch calls ‘culture of defeat’. The research concludes that difficult post-war political,
social and economic circumstances profoundly shaped the way in which the collective
memory of the First World War was (de)constructed by post-war disabled veterans in Croatia
and subsequently induced collective amnesia thus helping to create the culture of forgetting.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is based on the sociological research conducted in the framework of the national research
project IP-2019-04-5897: “The First World War in the Culture of Memory. Forgotten Heritage” financed by
the Croatian Science Foundation.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: cultural memory

value: disabled war veterans’ discourse

value: discursive practices

value: culture of defeat

value: ethnic

value: national

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Goryacheva, Irina

value: Andrianov, Boris

dc.identifier.citation

value: Goryacheva, I. and Andrianov, B. 2021. Reproductive parasitism in insects. The interaction of host and bacteria. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 17–27.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Reproductive parasitism is a specific form of symbiosis in which a microorganism
alters the reproduction of the host by interfering with the mechanisms of
sex development. The review considers four changes in reproduction — male
killing, parthenogenesis, feminization, and cytoplasmic incompatibility — determined
by cytoplasmic bacteria. The cytogenetic and molecular genetic mechanisms
of interaction between partners in the symbiotic system are discussed,
including the comparative analysis of molecular-genetic factors responsible for
reproductive parasitism. The features of the interaction between an insect and
bacteria in symbiosis with various systems for determining the sex of the host,
male and female heterogamy and haplodiploidy, are considered. Studies of cytoplasmic
incompatibility are of great practical importance, since they open up
prospects for non-invasive engineering on natural insect populations for biocontrol.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by a
grant from the Russian Science Foundation
21 19-16-11013 (AGREEMENT No. 16-16-
00079-P).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: reproductive parasitism

value: male killing

value: parthenogenesis

value: feminization

value: cytoplasmic incompatibility

value: bacteria

value: insect


dc.contributor.author

value: Leont’eva, Ol’ga B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Leontʹeva O. B. Historiographic Reflection and Formation of National Identity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 314–322.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A turn of modern science towards the study of historical memory gives rise to questions about
the role of historical science in the formation of collective, in particular, national identity. The
experience of a historiographic reflection on these problems is presented in a collective monograph
“The Past for the Present: History, Memory and Narratives of National Identity” written
by the laboratory “Studies of Historical Memory and Intellectual Culture” of the Center for
Intellectual History Studies of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
headed by L. P. Repina. The authors of the collective monograph examine the processes
of national identity and historical memory formation in several countries (Russia, Britain,
Germany, Poland, and Bolivia) in a “longue durée” perspective, in the context of global trends.
They focus on the role that national narratives created by professional historians played in the
construction of “historical myths” — mythologized ideas about the “origins” of national history
that represent the constitutive elements of national identity. The authors raise the problem
of the competition of different identities and memories, and consider the issue of the audience
of a national narrative. They highlight the ambiguity of the social role of historical science: on
the one hand, historians are actively involved in the formation of the national identity and historical
memory; on the other hand, scientific knowledge provides them with tools for a critical
analysis of historical myths and well-reasoned reflection on the projects of collective identity.
The study represents a successful attempt of combining the “memorial paradigm” and “new
sociocultural history” with the history of nationalism and nation-building.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 66; Issue 1

value: historiography

value: historical memory

value: national identity

value: national narrative

value: social functions of historical knowledge


dc.contributor.author

value: Peretyatko, Artyom Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Peretyatko A. Yu. The Experience of Employing the Slave Narrative Genre in Describing the History of the Caucasus. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 302–313.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The genre of the slave narrative is unique, and is essential to African-American culture. Yet,
up to now, personally written stories describing the journey to freedom traveled by “heroic
slaves”, writings that could well qualify as nonfiction, have received little attention outside
of the US and UK. This makes all the more interesting the attempt by prominent Russian
historian A. A. Cherkasov to employ the slave narrative genre in describing the history of the
Caucasus, undertaken in his collection of documents “Circassian Slave Narratives”. This review
of the collection attempts to analyze the phenomenon of the slave narrative and determine
the degree to which it could be transposed to Russia. It is shown that while a portion of
the documents published by A. A. Cherkasov, specifically interviews with slaves who escaped
from Russia to Circassia, do seem to fit in with the slave narrative genre in theme, most of
the Russian-Circassian slave narratives are completely different from classic slave narratives
in content and style. These are not publicistic memoirs written for abolitionist purposes but
documentation maintained to keep records of fugitives. In the end, the author of the article
draws the conclusion that it is impossible to have an exact analogue of the slave narrative for
Russian history as the figure of the heroic slave is not something that is typical for Russian
history. Accordingly, despite the fact that fugitive slaves’ testimonies were widely written down
at the time, as was the case in Circassia, the outcome was a completely different type of writing
typologically. However, if the slave narrative is viewed in a broad sense, as an aggregate of
first-hand slave accounts that can help provide the reader with a comprehensive documentary
picture of the life of actual slaves, “Circassian Slave Narratives” may well be considered a worthy
representative of the genre. A. A. Cherkasov provides 180 interviews with slaves and over
1,000 thematically contiguous record-keeping documents, which offer a unique insight into
Circassian slavery specifically. Consequently, while it is hardly possible to use the classic slave
narrative in describing Russian history, there may be considerable potential in its creative
reconceptualization, as has been well substantiated by A. A. Cherkasov.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: slavery

value: slave narrative

value: publication of documents

value: Caucasian War

value: Circassia

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zakharov, Ilya

value: Shaikevich, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zakharov, I. and Shaikevich, E. 2021. Hereditary symbionts and mitochondria: distribution in insect populations and quasi-linkage of genetic markers. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 6–16.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Maternal transmission ensures the joint transmission and simultaneous presence
in populations of individuals with certain variants of the bacterial symbiont
and host mitochondrial DNA. Such “quasi-linkage” of cytoplasmic genomes
among insects and other arthropods is widespread. The symbiont acts as a
“driver” of mitochondria and the obvious biological consequence is the spread
of the “linked” mitochondrial haplotype in the population, which itself does not
have increased selective value to the organism. Examples of such indirect selective
mitochondrial sweep in insects are discussed, as well as biological consequences
of this phenomenon and mechanisms of increasing the frequency of
symbiont-infected individuals in the population.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work of Zakharov I.A.
was supported by the Russian Science
Foundation, Project 16-16-00079-P. The
work of Shaikevich E.V. was supported by
the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,
Project 19-04-00739.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 66; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: symbiogenome

value: cytoplasmic genomes

value: insects

value: hereditary symbiont

value: mitochondrial haplotype

value: co-transmission


dc.contributor.author

value: Provorov, Nikolay

value: Tikhonovich, Igor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Provorov, N. and Tikhonovich, I. 2021. Symbiogenetics underway: from genetic analysis to genetic synthesis. Bio. Comm. 66(1): 3–5.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Supported by the Russian Science
Foundation, Grants 19-16-00081 (genomic
integration) and 17-76-30016 (signaling
interactions).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University