dc.contributor.author

value: Qi, Dongfang

value: Bure, Vladimir M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Qi D., Bure V. M. Explanatory comparative analysis of time series forecasting algorithms for air quality prediction. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 206–219. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study explores the effectiveness of time series forecasting models for predicting air
quality using datasets from a Purple Air Dual Laser Air Quality Sensor and the Kaggle
Online platform. These datasets contain reliable and real sensor records, ensuring the richness
of information required for environmental protection. The research focuses on identifying
suitable forecast models for environmental analysis, including popular algorithm structures
such as neural network models and ensemble models. Moreover, the study introduces the
Explainable artificial intellect method to provide explanations for models with excellent
performance indicators, thereby enhancing their trust and transparency. The performance of
the models was evaluated using metrics such as mean absolute error, root mean square error,
and coefficient of determination (R-squared). Results indicate that the neural network and
ensemble models are effective in forecasting air quality time series. The study contributes
to the body of knowledge on time series forecasting models and provides insights for future
research in air quality prediction.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: air quality

value: time series forecasting

value: neural networks

value: ensemble models

value: explainable artificial intellect


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhao, Chi

value: Parilina, Elena M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhao Ch., Parilina E. M. Analysis of consensus time and winning rate in two-layer networks with hypocrisy of different structures. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 170–192. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.204

dc.description.abstract

value:
We have developed a microscopic version of general concealed voter model (GCVM).
Original GCVM uses only statistical-physical methods, while our new approach starts with
a real network. A microscopic model is suitable for any two-layer network (with internal
and external layers) satisfying the definition given in the paper. We conduct a series of
simulations with different network structures and found that a cyclic external structure
prolongs consensus time in comparison with a complete external structure. Moreover, a cyclic
external structure has a positive impact on a winning rate, and this result is different from the
one obtained in the macroscopic version of GCVM. The possible reasons for this difference are
discussed in the paper. Additionally, we propose and validate the hypothesis that there exists
a strong linear relationship between a consensus time and pairwise average shortest paths d in
the network structure.We performed a controlled variable approach to validate the impact of
each individual parameter on key performance indicators (KPIs) including a consensus time
and winning rate. Furthermore, we assess the influence of parameter combinations on KPIs
by analyzing the results using the K-means algorithm. We conclude that certain parameter
combinations can have a significant impact on the consensus time.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work of the second author was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant N 22-11-00051,
https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-11-00051/

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: opinion dynamics

value: voter model

value: concealed voter model

value: general concealed voter model

value: winning rate

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Romanova, Tatiana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Romanova, T. A. (2024) ‘Relations between Russia and the European Union in the context of modern transformation of the world order: Issues of studying and teaching’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 157–174. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Studies of EU-Russian relations faced substantial problems in 2022. Deep crisis of the world
order caused a collision of Russia and the West, and weakened EU-Russian relations. In this
context, the goal of the article is to open a discussion on why and how to research and teach
EU-Russian relations and European studies at present. Firstly, the article describes four models
of how science interacts with policy, stressing the priority of the fourth model, that is
co-production of science and policy. On the one hand, this model is based on social developments
and responds to the needs of the state and society. On the other hand, it identifies social
problems and their plausible solutions, defines new paradigms that shape the “feasible” and
“appropriate” in the policy. Next the article formulates six thematic blocs, which will allow
today’s studies of EU-Russian relations to meet the demands of the co-production model.
These are analysis of EU-Russian relations in 1992–2022; accepting that politics and security
dominate over economic logics at present; modelling a new security system that will inevitably incorporate the EU and Russia at the global, regional and national levels, and will thus
demand their dialogue; studying the potential and parameters of mutual sanctions (restrictive
measures), as well as the influence of these measures on both actors and their relations; modelling
the future of EU-Russian relations (in particular, economic ones); as well as identifying
the EU’s evolution, which might also be useful for the Eurasian integration. At the same time,
the co-production model faces serious practical challenges for scholars and lecturers. Among
them are identity conflict, terminological discrepancies, access to primary sources and literature,
and limited internationalization of scientific debates (at least when it comes to the interaction
between Russian and Western participants). Overcoming these procedural difficulties
will create preconditions for the co-production model in the studies of EU-Russian relations.
The author sees the article as an invitation to further discussion among scholars and lecturers.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 40; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russia and the European Union relations

value: European integration

value: free trade area

value: sanctions

value: geopolitics

value: geoeconomics

value: teaching international relations

value: crisis


dc.contributor.author

value: Balykina, Yulia E.

value: Zaharov, Victor V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Balykina Yu. E., Zakharov V. V. Integral inflow and outflow model and its applications. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 121–135. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article describes a general integral model of the inflow and outflow of a dynamic system,
the parameters of which are stochastic in nature. For this type of dynamic systems, the
general principle of dynamic balance is formulated, and the concepts of interval dynamic
balance of integral volumes of inflow and outflow as well as the concept of dynamic balance characteristic are introduced. The class of stochastic dynamic processes and systems of inflow
and outflow that satisfy the principle of dynamic balance is quite wide (the spread of viral
epidemics and the dynamics of morbidity in medicine, processes of changes in the size and
structure of the population in demography, the dynamics of supply and demand in the
economy, etc.). The possibilities of using the proposed model for constructing short-term
and long-term forecasts are demonstrated using examples of the spread of the COVID-19
epidemic in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, as well as using the example of forecasting the
growth of the Earth population and population of countries. The results of computational
experiments on constructing retrospective forecasts of the state of dynamic systems using
the method of dynamic trends of stochastic parameters of the integral model and using the
classical ARIMA method are presented. A comparative analysis of forecasting accuracy is
provided.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project N 23-21-10049
(https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-10049/), and Saint Petersburg Science Foundation.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: dynamic systems of inflow and outflow

value: principle of dynamic balance

value: dynamic balance characteristic

value: mathematical modeling

value: forecasting


dc.contributor.author

value: Baevskij, Anatolij A.

value: Anosov, Maksim S.

value: Panov, Aleksej Y.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baevskiy A. A., Anosov M. S., Panov A. Y. The choice of the data transmission method during the study of improving the reliability and ensuring safe operation of products. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 220–230. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this work is to choose the most optimal method of data transmission for
conducting research on improving the reliability and ensuring safe operation of products
obtained by 3D printing, operated at low temperatures. This is very important, since any
error that occurs when transmitting the results of the study is fraught with further inaccuracies,
and, subsequently, possibly human lives or environmental and economic disasters.
The article describes the main methods of data transmission suitable for this case. Their
advantages and disadvantages, possible problems when deploying networks in production or
when scaling the experiment are analyzed in detail. Further, a comparison of each method
is made by assigning estimates for the required groups of indicators. Based on the results of
the comparison, conclusions were drawn about the best way to transfer data for this study,
which may be useful in carrying out further work, as well as in similar studies in the future.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: data transmission

value: Wi-Fi

value: RFID

value: Bluetooth

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Phung, Duc-Manh

value: Sheshin, Evgeniy P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Phung D. M., Sheshin E. P. Field emission characteristics and structure of carboncontaining cathode materials. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 193–205. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Field emission and structural characteristics of carbon nanotube fibers, polyacrylonitrile
fibers, pyrolytic graphite and micrograined dense graphite were experimentally studied before
and after their operation as a field cathode using registration of the current-voltage
characteristics, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy
in the spectral range from 1000 to 2000 cm−1. The experiments carried out showed large
and small structural rearrangements of carbon-containing cathodes and their surfaces in
the process of field emission. In addition to the G, D and D’ lines characteristic of carbon
materials, a line was detected in the range of 1450–1480 cm−1, which is observed in the
starting materials of pyrolytic graphite, carbon nanotube fibers and persists after operation,
and also appears in the micrograined dense graphite sample after operation in as a cathode.
The relative integral intensity of line D in pyrolytic graphite, micrograined dense graphite,
and carbon nanotube fibers undergoes the greatest change. In pyrolytic graphite and carbon
nanotube fiber, its increase is observed, and in micrograined dense graphite its decrease is
observed after operation as a cathode. This made it possible to use the relative integral
intensity of the D-line to quantify the change in the surface properties of carbon materials
as a result of field emission when using these materials as cathodes, in particular. to assess
changes in crystallite sizes. Thus, the possibility of using Raman spectra to control the
surface structure of carbon-containing materials has been demonstrated, which significantly
facilitates the possibility of further analysis of the relationship between the surface structure
and its emission characteristics. The prospects for improving the field emission characteristics
of carbon-containing cathodes were discussed.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: field emission

value: field emission cathode

value: field emission current

value: volt-ampere characteristics

value: optical microscopy

value: raster (scanning) electron microscopy

value: Raman spectra

value: carboncontaining materials

value: nanostructured materials

value: surface structure


dc.contributor.author

value: Samatov, Bahrom T.

value: Akbarov, Adakhambek Kh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samatov B. T., Akbarov A. Kh. Differential game with a “life line” under the Grönwall constraint on controls. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 265–280. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.211

dc.description.abstract

value:
We study the pursuit-evasion and “life line” differential games of one pursuer and one evader,
whose controls are subjected to constraints given by Grönwall type inequalities. It is said
that an evader has been captured by a pursuer if the state of the pursuer coincides with the
state of the evader. One of the main aims of this work is to formulate optimal strategies of
players and define guaranteed capture time. Here a strategy of parallel convergence (briefly,
Π-strategy) for the pursuer is suggested and proved that it is optimal for pursuit. To solve
the “life line” problem we will investigate dynamics of the attainability domain of players by
Petrosyan method, that is for the attainability domain, conditions of embedding in respect to
time are given. This work grows and maintains the works of Isaacs, Petrosyan, Pshenichnyi,
Azamov and other researchers.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: differential game

value: pursuer

value: evader

value: Grönwall constraint

value: strategy

value: parallel pursuit

value: attainability domain

value: “life line” game

value: the Apollonius sphere

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shmyrov, Alexander S.

value: Shmyrov, Vasiliy A.

value: Shymanchuk, Dmitry V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shmyrov A. S., Shmyrov V. A., Shymanchuk D. V. Controlling the orbital motion of the spacecraft near the libration point by changing the solar sail reflectivity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 298–306. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.214 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the strategy of keeping the spacecraft in the vicinity of the unstable
Lagrange point (libration point) of the Sun Earth system. This strategy involves the use
of special management. This control acts collinearly to the Sun Earth line and ensures
Lyapunov stability of the orbital motion. The implementation of such control is proposed
using a solar sail. The advantages and difficulties of such a strategy are discussed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by Saint Petersburg State University, project N 95438429.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: three bodies problem

value: libration point

value: solar sail

value: control

value: keeping

value: machine learning


dc.contributor.author

value: Aleksandrov, Alexander Yu.

value: Ruzin, Sergey B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aleksandrov A. Yu., Ruzin S. B. Triaxial electrodynamic stabilization of a satellite via PID controller. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 244–254. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.209

dc.description.abstract

value:
A satellite moving on a circular equatorial orbit is considered. The satellite is equipped with
a controlled magnetic moment and a controlled electrostatic charge. The problem of triaxial
stabilization in the orbital frame is studied. The electrodynamic control system is proposed.
In addition, to improve characteristics of transient processes, PID controller of a special form
is used. With the aid of the Lyapunov direct method, asymptotic stability conditions of the
program mode are obtained. The results of computer simulation are provided demonstrating
the efficiency of the developed approach.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project N 24-21-00091,
https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-21-00091/

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: satellite

value: electrodynamic control

value: triaxial stabilization

value: Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional

value: PID controller


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhou, Jiangjing

value: Petrosian, Ovanes L.

value: Gao, Hongwei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhou J., Petrosian O. L., Gao H. Dynamic decision-making under uncertainty: Bayesian learning in environmental game theory. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 289–297. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.213

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper investigates the issue of pollution control dynamic games defined over a finite time
horizon, with a particular focus on parameter uncertainty within the ecosystem. We employ
a dynamic Bayesian learning method to estimate uncertain parameters in the dynamic
equation, differing from traditional single-instance Bayesian learning which does not involve
continuous signal reception and belief updating. Our study validates the effectiveness of
the dynamic Bayesian learning approach, demonstrating that, over time, the beliefs of the
players progressively converge towards the true values of the unknown parameters. Through
numerical simulations, we illustrate the convergence process of beliefs and compare optimal
control strategies under different scenarios. The findings of this paper offer a new perspective
for understanding and addressing the uncertainties in pollution control problems.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by Saint Petersburg State University (ID project: N 94062114).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: dynamic Bayesian learning

value: pollution control games

value: ecological uncertainty

value: optimal control strategy

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Medvedkov, Maxim Yu.

value: Mikheeva, Evgeniia A.

value: Khaliliulin, Ildar N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Medvedkov, M. Yu., Mikheeva, Е. A. and Khaliliulin, I. N. (2024) ‘The Fourth Industrial Revolution, European Union competitiveness and future of international trade’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 191–211. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to analysis of the background and trade aspects of the fourth industrial
revolution, a technological component of the countries’ competitiveness, current practices
used by countries, in particular European countries, to maintain their competitive advantages,
as well as consequences for the international trading system. The aim of the article is to study
recent measures applied by European countries to preserve their competitive positions in the
markets of high-tech goods and services within the framework of the fourth industrial revolution,
and to identify the consequences and possible growth vectors of the multilateral trading
system. Application of statistical analysis and case study methods used for an exploration the
legal framework ensured that the objective was achieved. The article provides an overview
of the trade aspects of the fourth industrial revolution, current changes in the production of
goods and services, and in the patterns of trade in such goods and services, which emerged
because of widespread digitalization and the emergence of new technologies and directly
impacted countries’ competitiveness. An analysis of the EU’s legal and program initiatives,
which is aimed at limiting technology transfer and actively developing its high-tech industries
through large-scale subsidies, mostly under a pretext of achieving climate goals, provides insight
into the current direction of the EU’s trade policy. Based on the results obtained during
the study of restrictive measures introduced by European countries, as well as the current
situation in international trade caused by the fourth industrial revolution, the authors make a
forecast of possible trajectory of development of the multilateral trading system and suggest
directions for changing the rules governing international trade that have been in place for
more than 70 years.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 40; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: fourth industrial revolution

value: international trading system

value: World trade organization

value: competitiveness of countries

value: technology


dc.contributor.author

value: Pogorelskaya, Anastasia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pogorelskaya, А. M. (2024) ‘Export of services by European Higher Education Area countries: Lessons for Russia’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 273–299. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article evaluates the influence of EHEA membership on the export of higher education
services. Russia strived for joining the EHEA both for increasing the quality of higher education
and its export. Due to the international situation since February 2022 Russian participation
in the EHEA was blocked that made discussions about the necessity of remaining in the
Area urgent. Thus, it is topical to identify possible consequences of leaving the EHEA for
Russian export of higher education services. The article explores the consequences of EHEA
membership for the export of higher education services by EHEA members as well as the factors
influencing the geographical destinations of such export. The hypothesis is the following
one: EHEA creation contributed to strengthening its general role at the world educational
market, however, it did not change drastically the roles of its member-states that used to be
both exporters and importers of higher education services. The article concludes that EHEA
existence ensured the increase in common export of higher education services by the region
but did not eliminate the differences of student mobility rates among the member-states. Nevertheless,
the absolute numbers and the share of international students grew in most of these
states. The research evaluates and forecasts the role of regional initiatives at the world market
of higher education services. The research results may also be useful for evaluating projects of
integration in higher education sphere as well as for elaborating the support tools for Russian
export of higher education.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant no. 23-78-10036; https://rscf.ru/project/23-78-10036/.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: export of educational services

value: European Higher Education Area

value: post-Soviet area

value: Russia

value: internationalization

value: system of higher education

value: international student mobility


dc.contributor.author

value: Isachenko, Tatyana M.

value: Medvedkova, Irina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Isachenko, T. M. and Medvedkova, I. A. (2024) ‘Reorientation of trade between the European Union and the Russian Federation under sanctions’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 248–272. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The issue of the sustainability of the Russian economy, which is under unprecedential geopolitical
pressure, is one of the main and most sensitive in the modern agenda of both Russian
and foreign scientific research. The task of identifying the effects and effectiveness of trade
restrictive measures faces scientists on both sides of the confrontation. Some need to demonstrate
the achieved effect, others need to be convinced of adequate containment and overcoming.
Solving this problem is accompanied by a search for new channels of foreign economic
relations, both in trade and in the investment, which inevitably raises questions about the
possibilities of reorienting Russian foreign trade, which for many years was focused on the
EU as the main supplier of material and intangible resources. Since February 2022, the European
Union has developed and introduced a significant number of large-scale trade restrictive
measures. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of trade restrictions of EU member
states on trade with Russia from the point of view of reorienting European trade flows to
other countries in the context of circumventing sanctions and identifying product items for
which trade substitution and reorientation to other markets is possible. To achieve this goal, a
methodology has been developed and proposed for identifying those product items for which
such substitution has not occurred and a certain dependence of European countries on Russian supplies still remains, which means that retaliatory restrictive measures can be applied to
these items. The analysis made it possible to identify a significant change in trade flows from
EU member countries, replacement of trade due to reorientation to other neutral countries, as
well as groups of goods that currently could not be replaced.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 40; Issue 2

value: trade restrictions

value: sanctions

value: the European Union — Russia trade

value: reorientation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Volgina, Natalia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Volgina, N. A. (2024) ‘Foreign direct investment from Japan, South Korea and China in the Czech Republic: A comparative analysis’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 300–321. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Multinational companies from Japan, South Korea and China began to actively penetrate
Czech market starting from the mid-1990s. By 2021, Japan was the leader in terms of foreign
direct investment stock in the Czech Republic ($ 4.7 billion), followed by South Korea
($ 3.4 billion); and China ($ 760 million). The methodological basis of the paper is Dunning’s
eclectic paradigm, which makes it possible to explain foreign investment activities from the
point of view of the simultaneous availability in these processes of ownership, location and
internalization advantages. As a result of a comparative analysis, the author comes to the following
conclusions. In the processes of activity of foreign affiliates of Asian companies in
the Czech Republic (as part of the implementation of existing ownership advantages), the
following features were identified: concentration on the main field of activity of the parent
company; concentration of activity in those industries that are most developed in the Czech
Republic (industry agglomeration effect); clustering of affiliates around the leading company
and main activity; diversification of the activities of foreign affiliates by supplementing the
main activities of the parent company with the activities in related sectors. To explain the weak
presence of Chinese MNCs in the Czech market and the more deep activity of South Korean
and Japanese MNCs, a “wedge-shaped” foreign market entry was proposed; it is based on
the idea of internalization advantages of. The leading company represents a spearhead of the
“wedge-shaped” foreign market entry. A large MNC possesses powerful and well-developed
ownership advantages. It is the first to enter foreign market in the sector that is main one for its
activity in the national market; and it is followed by foreign affiliates operating in the main and
related sectors in a kind of expanding “wedge”. It is the penetration that enables MNCs to gain
a foothold in the market, leveraging both ownership, location and internalization advantages.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: foreign direct investments

value: Czech Republic

value: Japan

value: South Korea

value: China

value: eclectic paradigm

value: offshoring

value: outsourcing

value: international fragmentation of production

value: model of “wedge-shaped foreign market entry”


dc.contributor.author

value: Zotova, Daria A.

value: Lanko, Dmitry A.

value: Parfenenok, Nikolay L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zotova, D. A., Lanko, D. A. and Parfenenok, N. L. (2024) ‘European solidarity and multispeed integration: Results of a laboratory experiment’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 212–232. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The conflict around grain and flour imports from Ukraine to the European Union, which
made the interests of Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia contradict the interests
of the majority of member states, and which was taking place having mass farmers’ protests
in the background, invites revisiting European solidarity. Any political decision adopted
on the EU level by voting of all member states indicates solidarity among them. Authors of
this article, however, suggest distinguishing between two types of solidarity, namely the solidarity
of the majority with the minority, and the solidarity of the minority with the majority.
Game theory provided with the means allowing suggesting the behavioral matrix, which
helps distinguishing between the two types of solidarity. Negotiations preceding formal voting
help achieving solidarity of both types; those negotiations can be bilateral or multilateral. The results of the experiment staged, again, with the help of game theory demonstrate that
solidarity with the majority emerges more often after bilateral negotiations, while solidarity
with the minority emerges more often after multilateral negotiations. That conclusion allows
recommending choosing the format of negotiations depending on the expected outcome of
consequent voting. Based on the experience of the European Union, that recommendation is
applicable to all cases of regional integration, first of all, to the Eurasian Economic Union. It
also helps explaining why despite the mounting number of the demands for solidarity that the
majority of EU member states places on the minority, the latter fails to consolidate and thus to
endanger the future of the entire European integration project.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 40; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: European Union

value: solidarity

value: minimum harmonization

value: maximum harmonization

value: bilateral negotiations

value: minilateral negotiations

value: multilateral negotiations

value: game theory


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsibulina, Anna N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsibulina, А. N. (2024) ‘New growth priorities of European Union economic policy’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 175–190. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the analysis and implementation of the EU common economic policy in
relation to approaches for ensuring economic growth. The objective of maintaining sustainable
GDP growth rates of European countries has become especially important for the EU
institutions since the mid-1980s, when the EU began to lag behind the United States and the
newly industrialized countries. Despite the large-scale projects such as the ambitious multiannual
economic growth strategies, the higher growth rates have not been achieved. Against the
backdrop of growing criticism in the scientific discourse regarding the GDP as an indicator
to assess the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies, the question arises about a paradigm
shift related to economic growth. The article examines the GDP, which might turn out to be
incompatible with the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as the EU top priority at the
moment. Therefore a question arises whether the EU is going to abandon economic growth in
favour of the implementation of the environmental priorities. The author explores the motives and evolution of the economic policy of the EU aimed at stimulating economic growth and
finds out how the very concept of assessing the results of the policy has changed. It’s been revealed
that the EU institutions began to focus less on the idea of achieving economic growth.
One can expect that economic growth will become secondary to addressing environmental
and social issues, and the GDP might be supplemented by alternative indicators for measuring
economic achievements.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: economic policy

value: Gross Domestic Product

value: economic growth

value: post-growth

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Timofeev, Ivan N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Timofeev, I. N. (2024) ‘The European Union trade sanctions against Russia: Contemporary practice’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 233–247. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Targeted financial sanctions have been playing a major role in the toolbox of European Union
(EU) policy of sanctions since early 2000s. They have been targeting particular natural
persons and entities, rather than states in general. Things have been changing dramatically
since the outbreak of Russian military operation against Ukraine in February 2022. EU has
already implemented massive bans on exports and imports of wide range of goods and services
to and from Russia. Meanwhile, academic literature on sanctions still has a major gap in
understanding of trade sanctions. The goal of the article is to fill this gap, taking into account
contemporary trends of the EU trade sanctions against Russia. The major point implies that
the EU policy of trade sanctions vis a vis Russia suffers from the imbalance between the quantity
of sanctions and the quality of ways and means to enforce them. Unlike the United States,
which enjoys well-developed instruments and practice of the use of secondary sanctions and
enforcement, the EU has to implement sanctions and to develop enforcement in a simultaneous
way. Brussels has already introduced mechanisms of de-facto secondary sanctions and
is promoting the unification of enforcement legislation among the member-states. Current
enforcement activity of member-states on the basis of domestic legislation compensates such
an imbalance. The study of these trends purports the analysis of the EU normative documents
as well as the ones, which reflect political and legal practice of their implementation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 40; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: European Union

value: Russia

value: trade sanctions

value: secondary sanctions

value: enforcement


dc.contributor.author

value: Molchanov, Nikolai N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Molchanov, N. N. (2024) ‘Academic legacy of Professor Sergei V. Valdaytsev’, St. Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 40 (2), pp. 322–334. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2024.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article shows the main stages of the creative path of St. Petersburg State University professor
Sergei Vasilievich Valdaitsev (1951–2012), who made a significant contribution to the
creation and development of the domestic school of economics, science and innovation. The
features of the Soviet stage of the emergence of scientific studies and the economics of scientific
and technological progress, the origins of the formation of the first scientific and technical
complexes in the Soviet Union are characterized. The problems of the first studies in this area
are shown: the history of science and technology, the subject of the economics of science, the
peculiarities of labor in the scientific field, the forms of combining science and production.
The contribution of scientists from Leningrad State University in the formation of the national
school of economics, science and innovation is noted. The article focuses on the contribution
of S. V. Valdaitsev to the transformation of domestic innovation in a market economy.
After completing a year-long internship at the Free University of Berlin, Sergei Vasilyevich
was able to formulate the basic principles of the transition of domestic scientific studies to
a market-oriented approach. In just a few years, the educational process at the Department
of Economics of Research and Development of Leningrad State University was restructured: the courses taught began to reflect market realities in the field of science and technology.
A process of consulting domestic scientific organizations and high-tech enterprises of the city
of Leningrad regarding the transition to market relations was established. Thanks to the efforts
of S. V. Valdaytsev, the domestic school quickly caught up with the level of foreign research
and began to contribute to the achievements of the global economy of innovative activity. The
article reveals the content of the most important scientific works of Sergei Vasilievich, shows
his contribution to reforming the educational process in the training of managers of innovative
projects and the management system of the innovation process in the Russian Federation.

value: research and development

value: economics of science

value: science

value: innovation

value: innovation management

value: intellectual property

value: business valuation


dc.contributor.author

value: Ma, Changshan

value: Gong, Nan

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ma Changshan, Gong Nan. 2024. “Formation of identity and protection of the rights of a digital citizen in a digital society”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 298–334. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the modern era, driven by the information revolution, an individual or individual citizen
increasingly presents himself as a “digital person” or a “digital citizen”. The connotation and
extension of the rights of an individual (citizen) are also undergoing a deep digital reconstruction.
This is how “digital rights” appeared, and “puts on the agenda” the confirmation
of identity and the protection of the rights of a digital citizen. It should be noted that digital
survival has become the main attribute and the main mechanism of human life, and the
problem of identity of a digital citizen arises in accordance with the requirements of the
time. A digital citizen is a digital embodiment and digital expression of a natural citizen,
carrying within himself the identity, logic of action, as well as the rights and responsibilities
of a citizen in digital public life. The imbalance between digital capabilities and technological
capabilities has led to the digital citizen facing the dilemma of mechanical isolation, which
is especially manifested in the marginalization of the digital citizen in platform architecture,
the isolation of the digital citizen from algorithmic decision — making, the objectification of
the digital citizen in digital control, the disconnection of the digital citizen in technological
capabilities and depersonalization of the digital citizen in technological rationality, etc. The
mechanical isolation of the digital citizen poses a serious challenge to the values of equality,
freedom, fundamental rights of citizens, as well as democracy and the rule of law. In order
to eliminate the mechanical isolation of the digital citizen, strengthen the legal protection
of the rights of the digital citizen and preserve the fairness of the digital society, it is necessary
to adhere to the principle of the “human — centered” digital rule of law, carry out the
legalization and confirmation of the identity of the digital citizen, as well as build a digital
democratic mechanism of inclusivity and shared governance, increasing literacy and digital
citizen qualifications.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the support of a project of the State Social Sciences Foundation
No. 20&ZD177 “Research on the system of legal management and legislative changes in a digital society” and
the project on research and planning in the field of philosophy and social sciences of Heilongjiang Province
No. 22FXB102 “Research on legal regulation of cross — border data flow between China and Russia under
the dimension of digital sovereignty”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: digital rule of law

value: digital citizen

value: digital government

value: digital human right

value: digital identity

value: digital society

value: digitalization

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pyatov, Mikhail L.

value: Kovalev, Vitaliy V.

value: Tatarenko, Tamara G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pyatov, Mikhail L., Vitaliy V. Kovalev, Tamara G. Tatarenko. 2024. “Legal content of fraud in the field of consumer lending. Part one”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 335– 353. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article shows the scale of development in recent years of the practice of fraud in the field
of consumer lending using the latest information technologies and methods of psychological
influence on crime victims as a threat to the stability of financial markets. The dynamics
of modern crime schemes in the field of consumer lending, aimed at using misleading citizens
as an instrument to steal funds from banks, are examined. The practice of preliminary investigation that has developed in recent years in Russia, as well as judicial practice on the
qualification of fraud in this area, is characterized. It is shown that the widespread unjustified
recognition as victims in cases of fraud in the field of lending only of misled citizens who
become instruments of theft of bank funds violates their constitutional rights and at the same
time is a significant factor in the catastrophic development of this type of criminal activity.
The economic basis of the position of banks is revealed, actively insisting on recognizing
citizens who have suffered from fraud as borrowers who have consciously entered into a loan
agreement, which consists of ensuring the opportunity to shift corporate risks of losses from
material damage caused to banks by fraudsters to the injured citizens. Based on the conceptual
foundations of criminal law and the provisions of the current criminal legislation, a rationale
is proposed for recognizing two groups of persons as victims as a result of fraud in the field
of consumer lending: banks — as bearing material damage from the theft of funds from them
and citizens — as suffering moral damage, becoming instrument for committing a crime. The
role of citizens deceived by scammers as an instrument for stealing funds from banks, which
determines the flaw of their will, is determined and revealed.

dc.subject

value: fraud

value: credit

value: property damage

value: moral damage

value: constitution

value: bank

value: unity of court


dc.contributor.author

value: Eremin, Viktor V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Eremin, Viktor V. 2024. “Monopoly on economic justice: Judges versus arbitrators”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 354–370. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the relationships between state economic courts represented by judges
and arbitration courts as a manifestation of the conflict between public and private justice.
The consequences of changes in state policy after the arbitration reform of 2015–2017 are
discussed. Firstly, through the lens of Bourdieu’s perspective, the key factors influencing
the emergence of a negative attitude in the judicial environment towards private justice are
analyzed. Secondly, the establishment of the specialization of a particular subgroup of judges
from the appellate instance of arbitration courts, who year after year deal with cases related
to arbitration courts, is examined. During the empirical part of the research and interviews
with judges from the appellate instances, it was found that their primary reference point, in
addition to the law and personal convictions, is the orientation towards the higher court — the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, where one judge largely determines the courts’
policy towards arbitration courts. Judges exhibit normative isomorphism, as similar experiences
and practices prompt them to adopt similar strategies to protect their field from private
justice. The article is the result of qualitative research based on interviews. Based on the assumption
of the homogenization of the judicial sphere and judges’ defensive tactics to protect
their field from external, private courts using institutional analysis and Bourdieu’s theories
of fields and capital, the conclusion is drawn that judges of state courts tend to accumulate
symbolic capital. This allows them to act as the only possible interpreters of legal norms —
monopolists of justice. Through the lens of isomorphism theory, the conclusion is drawn that
state courts implement the practice of coercive isomorphism, which has no other goals except
forcing private courts to mimic state courts.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: arbitration

value: arbitration courts

value: economic justice

value: monopoly of justice

value: arbitration community of judges

value: arbitration reform


dc.contributor.author

value: Krasnova, Tatiana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krasnova, Tatiana S. 2024. “The fate of an easement in the transformation of a dominant land parcel”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 371–389. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is dedicated to the detailed analysis of the Ruling of the Third Cassation Court of
General Jurisdiction dated February 16, 2022, No. 88-3377/2022, as well as several additional
acts of courts related to this Ruling. In this case courts discuss the essence of an easement, real nature of an easement, fate of an easement in the transformation of a dominant land parcel or
a servient land parcel, protection of an easement, termination of an easement. The author of
the article critically evaluates these reasonings, referring to the norms of operative Russian and
foreign legislation, current courts practice, doctrinal sources, historical materials, projects for
reforming Russian legislation. The case under discussion is remarkable because several courts
in support of their positions refer among others to the Model Act “On Limited Real Rights”,
approved by the Inter-Parliamentary
Assembly of the CIS Member States on November 27, 2015.
The author of the article states the question: is it permissible to use the Model Act to resolve
a particular case on the territory of the Russian Federation? And the author of the article gives
the positive answer to the question, as far as the courts do not apply the Model Act directly,
but resolve the case based on the general principles and meaning of civil law, requirements of
good faith, reasonableness, fairness. Therefore, the Model Act is applied by the courts as the
act that reflects such principles and meaning, for this reason the reference to the Model Act
has a completely acceptable and even welcomed illustrative character. The analyzed case also
confirms the idea that the modern regulation of easement relations in Russia indicates the
existence of numerous theoretical and practical problems in this area. The multiple recommitment
of the case to the appellate court, enormous controversy about the fate of the case in
the legal community — are clear confirmation of this.

dc.subject

value: easement

value: praedial easement

value: the transformation of a land parcel

value: model act

value: protection of easement

value: termination of easement

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Duskaeva, Lilia R.

value: Ivanova, Liubov Yu.

value: Puyu, Anatoly S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Duskaeva L. R., Ivanova L. Yu., Puyu A. S. (2024). Scientific popularization as a social and communicative practice: The expression of resistance in the media text. Media Linguistics, 11 (2), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Speech factors for ensuring popular science media communication stability are analyzed,
which are aimed for preventing communicative threats such as distrust to information, doubt
of invention’s novelty and usefulness, misunderstanding of an explanation, lack of interest in
the message, and skepticism about scientific knowledge. To prevent communicative threats,
a media text acquires an objecting potential, which has been called text resistance. The media
speech resistance is explicated in metatext, i. e. a subtext formation created by multi-level
linguistic means to convey information about the content and nature of the author’s response
to hypothetical communicative “impedance” of an addressee. While studying text resistance
markers, variable responding strategies to an addressee impedance were found. Having expanded
the concept of resistance, the typological method used showed that in each popularization strategy — informing, counseling, enlightenment, promotion — the hypothesis of
a “impeding” addressee is formed and specific strategy for achieving resistance dominates. In
order to increase reliability of presentation, a news source is demonstrated, which is repeatedly
attested, and novelty and usefulness of covered scientific discovery are emphasized to reduce
possible skepticism. While consulting, it is important the popular science mass audience to
make understand scientific information, for this logic of explanation is demonstrated, and this
mode of speech interaction is maintained throughout an explanation. In enlightenment, an
emotional modus framework of interest in the socially significant scientific narrative about an
outstanding scientist is created, thereby a cognitive impulse for an addressee’s semantic field
expansion is formed. Scientists are shown worthy of memory and admiration, so a narrative
is built in a pathetic and respectful modus framework. The success of promotional communication
is ensured by the means of organizing personality-oriented communication, which
help to create an atmosphere of reasoned evidence-based communication with a competent
addressee. These methods contribute to elasticity and stability of communication.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 22-18-00184 “Speech
objection practices and ways to overcome them in popular science media communication”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: popular science

value: metatext

value: hypothetical resistance

value: objection

value: resistance


dc.contributor.author

value: Sidneva, Anastasia N.

value: Chumachenko, Dmitriy V.

value: Kalimullin, Aidar M.

value: Lobanova, Anastasia D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sidneva A. N., Chumachenko D. V., Kalimullin A. M., Lobanova A. D. Psychology and education in the 21st century: Analysis of the Russian teachers’ beliefs regarding the use of modern psychological knowledge in practice. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 365–384. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.211 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article proposes an approach to assessing the psychological knowledge of teachers through
the analysis of their beliefs regarding the evidence-based principles formulated in the sciences
of education in recent years. The study was conducted in 2021/2022 on a sample of Russian
school teachers (N = 344, 93.3 % women, 41.7 % from Moscow). The authors’ questionnaire
for the study of school teachers’ beliefs was used, based on the 20 evidence-based psychological
principles important for teaching and learning, assessing the possession of principles in
six areas: the role of the teacher in the effectiveness of learning; lack of faith in myths about
teaching and learning; psychologically safe environment; student motivation; classroom management;
assessment. The level of teachers’ conviction in the truth of evidence-based psychological
principles ranges from 27.9 to 87.9%, while the higher the teacher’s experience, the less
likely he believes in such principles and the more often he relies on unsubstantiated statements
about teaching and learning. The highest levels of possession of evidence-based psychological
knowledge by teachers are demonstrated in blocks related to student assessment and the
creation of a psychologically safe environment compared to blocks describing the principles
of classroom management, student motivation and the role of the teacher in learning effectiveness.
It is also shown that teachers consider psychological knowledge necessary rather in
non-standard, difficult practice situations (children with low educational motivation, low level
of educational skills, conflicts, strong emotional reactions of students) than in standard situations
(preparing and conducting lessons, interacting with students and their parents). The
study showed the need for further development of such an approach to the study of psychological
knowledge of teachers, which would be based on an assessment of their beliefs in the
use of evidence-based psychological principles to resolve specific situations of school practice.
The data obtained indicate the need to improve the psychological competence of teachers in
general.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 2

value: psychological knowledge

value: teachers

value: teachers’ beliefs

value: psychological competence

value: principles of effective teaching


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Anna V.

value: Rean, Arthur A.

value: Tikhomandritskaya, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova A. V., Rean A. A., Tikhomandritskaya O. A. Gender and age-related peculiarities in manifestation of different aggression types in older adolescents. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 205–222. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is dedicated to the study of gender and age-related peculiarities in manifesting
different aggression types in older adolescents. A theoretical literature review on the problem
is presented with a particular emphasis on the dynamics in various aggressive manifestations
in adolescents, age and gender related peculiarities in these manifestations, and the analysis
of factors that may determine the differences in manifestation of aggression in boys and girls
of different age groups. The results of an empirical study conducted on a large-scale sample of
adolescents (N = 10 980) aged 15 to 18 years are presented. The data analysis shows that physical
aggression is more pronounced in male respondents, while hostility and displays of anger
are more pronounced among the female respondents. One-factor analysis of variance demonstrates
a statistically significant influence of gender on the expression of all the aggression
types. The largest effect size is observed in relation to anger, and the smallest — in expressions
of hostility. We have also established the age-related differences in aggressive manifestations
within the different aggression types in older adolescents. It was shown that physical aggression
decreases significantly between the ages of 15 and 18, while anger and hostility manifestations
remain stable after the age of 15. The effect of age on the expression of aggression was
also statistically significant within all the aggression types. The largest effect size was observed for physical aggression, the smallest — for anger. The obtained results confirm the need to
consider the age and gender characteristics when creating anger management and aggression
prevention programs and to expand the research base of gender and age characteristics in adolescent
aggression. Also, these results can be used for developing educational and preventive
technologies for working with adolescent aggression.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: aggression

value: adolescence

value: gender and age features

value: anger

value: hostility

value: physical aggression

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Anikina, Varvara O.

value: Savenysheva, Svetlana S.

value: Blokh, Mariia E.

value: Arintsina, Irina A.

value: Grandilevskaya, Irina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anikina V. O., Savenysheva S. S., Blokh M. E., Arintsina I. A., Grandilevskaya I. V. Stress with regards to the COVID-19 pandemic during pregnancy and postpartum. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 294–304. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The results of a longitudinal study of women during pregnancy and in the first year of a
child’s life are presented. Pandemic-related stress, PTSD symptoms, mental health, attitude
towards the child, coping strategies, birth information, interaction characteristics were studied.
Sample: 360 women during pregnancy from 18 to 44 years (mean age 30.7), gestational
age 8–40 (mean 31) weeks 75,8 % in 3rd trimester; of these, 98 dyads — at the child’s age of
4–9 months. Results: the main mental health problems are withdrawal, avoidance, depression;
anxiety is moderate. The main stress factors are concerns about changes in the healthcare
system, the political situation, fear for the health of relatives and the child. After the birth of
a child, there is a decrease in mental health problems and stress levels. Women during pregnancy
perceive their attitude towards pregnancy and the child as highly developed, but the
projective method revealed a weak formation of the image of motherhood, and an expert assessment
of interaction in a mother — child dyad shows mother’s low sensitivity to the needs
of the child. Attitude towards a child is correlated to mental health both during pregnancy and
during the first year of child’s life. Regression analysis reveals that mental health indicators
during pregnancy have a significant impact on similar indicators during the first year of child’s
life. Risk groups are women with unplanned pregnancy and planned caesarean section. Conclusion:
help during pregnancy should be comprehensive, psychological counseling should
be included into the system of obstetric and gynecological and pediatric care, with early diagnosis
of mental health problems; it is important to help women form adequate attitude to
motherhood, constructive stress coping strategies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
(RFBR) no. 20-04-60386 “The influence of stress associated with the pandemic on the emotional state and
psychological functioning of a woman during pregnancy and after the birth of a child, characteristics of
childbirth and the development of the baby”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: pregnancy

value: delivery

value: postpartum

value: mental health

value: infancy

value: child development

value: coping

value: dyadic interaction

value: attitude to a child


dc.contributor.author

value: Shestak, Viktor A.

value: Tsyplakova, Alyona D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shestak, Viktor A., Alyona D. Tsyplakova. 2024. “Judge requirements and ethical issues in the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf ”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 493–507. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.212

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper examines the core sources governing judicial ethics in the Cooperation Council
for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), primarily in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), taking
into account mixed nature of its legal system, comparing to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
(KSA) with its more religious approach and the State of Qatar with a manifested democratic
one. On grounds of the analysis and systematization of the regulatory framework, a study
was conducted in accordance with the current state of affairs regarding qādī qualifications in
Arab countries and summarized in a table. The ideological differences in Islam are also taken
into account through the study of the opinions of authoritative mujtahids and the works of
foreign scholars. The authors have analyzed Islamic doctrine and compared it with the current
Emirati, Saudi and Qatari legislation regarding the requirements for judge (qādī). The United
Arab Emirates federal laws and decrees more precisely elaborate teachings and modify specific
evaluative concepts. They also provide more lenient rules, despite the predominance of Mālikī
and Hanafī madhabs. The authors also note the more detailed regulation of the disciplinary
and criminal responsibility of judges and slight changes in relation to the observations
indicated in the Reports of the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers
No. A/HRC/29/26 2015 in UAE and Qatar. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Qatar has more
similar, but rigid regulation due to one madhab domination (Hanbali). The issue calls for the revision of a number of laws that are examined in detail, since the implementation of them
causes inequality that deems to be fought against.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Saudi Arabia

value: the United Arab Emirates

value: Qatar

value: qādī

value: Islamic law

value: Sharī’ah

value: judge requirements

value: judicial ethics

value: Gulf Cooperation Council

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rumawi

value: Ali, Mohammad

value: Syakur, Abdul

value: Supianto

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rumawi, Mohammad Ali, Abdul Syakur, Supianto. 2024. “The ratio decidendi of the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia from the perspective of legal positivism”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 483–492. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.211

dc.description.abstract

value:
Indonesia is currently facing economic problems related to the lack of investment and lack of
job opportunities, as well as the difficulty of licensing. Therefore, the preparation of laws and
regulations using the omnibus law method was then carried out to overcome these conditions
so that Indonesia succeeded in issuing Law Nо. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. Even
though the existence of the Law is critical because of the various shortcomings in it, ranging
from the mechanism for its preparation, the involvement of the parties, excessive (over
regulation) to the level of norms which experts and legal observers feel need a more in-depth
study. Based on this fact, the question then arises: What is the ratio decidendi of the Decision
of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Nо. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020? And is the
decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Nо. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020
in accordance with the perspective of legal positivism? The method in this manuscript
uses normative legal research. Based on the analysis, Law No. 11 of 2020 was decided as
conditionally unconstitutional. So that the legislators need to improve no less than two years
since the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Nо. 91/PUUXVIII/
2020 was pronounced. So that Law Nо. 11 of 2020 in the context of legal positivism
can also be said to be contrary to the constitution and declared to have no legal consequences.

dc.subject

value: ratio decidendi

value: decision

value: Constitution of Indonesia

value: Constitutional Court

value: unconstitutional law

value: legal positivism

value: normative legal research


dc.contributor.author

value: Ochered’ko, Viktor P.

value: Malyshev, Evgenii A.

value: Ochered’ko, Oleg V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ochered’ko, Viktor P., Evgenii A. Malyshev, Oleg V. Ochered’ko. 2024. “The judicialization of politics as a significant phenomenon of global development: Russia’s experience”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 508–515. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.213

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores how the courts’ role has transformed in both the state system and society
due to their expansion beyond their traditionally defined jurisdiction and the juridification
of public relations. It is shown that this phenomenon is common at both the domestic and
supranational levels. It takes into account the historical, political, legal, religious, and other
unique characteristics of each country. The example of the Russian Federation is utilized to
determine the potential for the advancement of judicial power in the context of the society’s
juridification, as individuals are progressively inclined to view themselves and others as legal
subjects. Through the use of statistical data, the process of broadening the scope of judicial
activities is illustrated. The author has proposed a definition for the term “judicialization”.
The process of judicialization was considered through both the decisions of state power and
the initiatives of society. The approaches of Russian and foreign researchers in assessing the
phenomenon of strengthening the role of the courts are analyzed. The contradictions that arise
from the conditions under which the judiciary operates, while limiting state arbitrariness as
part of the state mechanism, have been brought to light. It has been shown that the judiciary
is perceived as a specialized institutional system rather than an independent branch of power
and reforming the role and significance of the judiciary in the advancement of Russia has
become a crucial requirement. The conclusion was drawn that the judicialization of politics
is a noteworthy phenomenon in the evolution of the political and legal sphere globally, which
demonstrates the judiciary’s novel role and significance in society.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: court

value: judicial power

value: court functions

value: judicialization

value: state mechanism

value: juridification


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsvetova, Natalia S.

value: Zharkova, Tatiana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsvetova N. S., Zharkova T. V. (2024). The project of the “turn” of Siberian rivers: The dynamics of presentation in the texts of the Soviet media. Media Linguistics, 11 (2), 237–251. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The authors of the article analyze the materials of one of the most famous public polemics
of the Soviet period. The purpose is to identify factors affecting the specifics of the presentation
of a scientific idea in the media; mechanisms for the formation of broadcast meanings
depending on the status and communicative attitudes of participants in scientific polemics, a
description of the object and markers of objections of various types and forms. The empirical
basis of the research is publications in the media of the 1950–1980s. The empirical base
was created in accordance with the principle of representative sampling. The methodological
foundations of the analytical approach were developed by our predecessors when formatting
the cognitive approach to the study of the communicative interaction of speech subjects.
When creating the analytical algorithm, modern methods of intentional-stylistic analysis of the media text were used. The main conclusion: the communicative trajectory of the promotion
of a scientific idea depends not only on the addressee factor, the information channel, but
also on the features of the global communicative situation, the status characteristics of the subject
of speech, his communicative attitudes. At different stages of scientific controversy in the
public communicative space, the volume of scientific knowledge presented in the process of its
popularization changes. The results of scientific research, the results of the work of specialized
expert commissions, historical analogies, precedent information about similar projects are introduced
into public communication. The administrative capabilities of the subject of speech
provoke the use of tricks instead of verbalized versions of the objection, changing the object
of criticism. The motivational part of the communicative trajectory is represented not only by
calls to suspend the project embodying the scientific idea under discussion, but, crucially, by
alternative ideas that stimulate scientific search in a certain area. The potential of the media
material selected for analysis provides untapped opportunities to study the process of socialization
of scientific knowledge, the deployment of public polemics as a means of neutralizing
anti-scientific administrative decisions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the support of the grant “Speech practices of objections and
ways to overcome them in popular science media communication” (Agreement with the Russian Science
Foundation no. 22-18-00184).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 11; Issue 2

value: polemic

value: communicative trajectory

value: factor

value: markers of objection

value: motivation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Korjova, Elena Yu.

value: Tuzova, Olga N.

value: Karasaeva, Aliya M.

value: Povkhova, Anastasia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korjova E. Yu., Tuzova O. N., Karasaeva A. M., Povkhova A. V. The life situation of post-guardianship in the representations of members of kinship guardian families. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 241–259. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The completion of guardianship is an important period for all family members and can be
considered as a special life situation. The study of the post-care period allows us to assess the
quality of the passage of the previous stages and to see the prospects for further development
of both the foster children (post-foster children) and the guardians (post-guardians). Currently,
this stage of the life of foster families is not sufficiently reflected in scientific research.
There is a need to supplement empirical data on the problems of foster families after the end
of guardianship. The purpose of the study is to study the features of the life situation of postguardianship
in the representations of post-guardians and post-foster children. To achieve
this goal, a questionnaire has been developed that contains questions aimed at identifying the
structure of the post-guardian family, studying subjective assessments of changes in the life
situation, analyzing the level of maintaining relationships in the “post-guardian — post-foster
children” system, subjective assessment of the level of maintaining social contacts, identifying
the ability and willingness of the former guardian to transfer responsibility, subjective assessment
of the post-foster children readiness for independent identification of the level of satisfaction
with the result of interaction in the family. The study involved 214 members of kinship guardian families. Of these, 112 orphaned children aged 18–25 years and 102 post-guardians
aged 45–75 years. The analysis of the responses showed differences in the ideas about the life
situation of post-guardianship members of kinship guardian families. Positive ideas about the
life situation were revealed in the post-foster children, who at the time of the study had already
created their own families and those who live independently. Post-foster children and postguardians,
living together, gave lower ratings for the categories of the situation under consideration.
Lower ratings were revealed in the representations of post-guardian grandmothers
than in the representations of post-guardian aunts. Post-guardian grandmothers living alone,
in all the categories under consideration, have negative ideas about the post-guardianship
situation, which indicates the need to develop and organize psychological support.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 23-28-00195;
https://rscf.ru/project/23-28-00195/.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: life situation of post-guardianship

value: post-guardians

value: post-foster children

value: kinship guardian families


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhunuskanov, Tolybek

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhunuskanov, Tolybek. 2024. “Constitutional legislation of New Kazakhstan: New structural issues”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 544–560. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.216 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Through the forms of structure of the state as an external factor, on the one hand, and the
institutions of power as an internal factor, on the other, the content and institutional features
of the constitutional legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) in the process of its interaction with other branches of the legal system are considered. The structural composition of
which is regulated in the Law of the RК “On Legal Acts”, according to which the legal system
is made up of the Constitution, corresponding legislative acts located according to the status of
the owners, other normative legal acts, as well as the Constitutional and Supreme Courts. This
means that in the process of their interaction, the assimilation of legal norms and their structure
occurs. This phenomenon is of particular interest in New Kazakhstan, the theses of which
affected the structure of constitutional legislation. In this regard, on the analysis of the current
law of the RК, the concept of which is given in Art. 4 of the Constitution of the RК, doctrine,
scientific works in the field of constitutional law, theory of state and law, law enforcement,
the national model of the structure of the RК, its problems, implementation mechanisms,
prospects, evolutionary paths of development and features as an institutional phenomenon
are examined. Empirical analysis states the characteristics and features characteristic of the
structure that determined the place, role and meaning of the Constitution in the structuring
of constitutional legislation. And, as a result, attention is focused on improving the structure
and tightening the responsibilities of all branches of government in lawmaking and the law
enforcement process. On their basis, scientific and practical conclusions are formulated, and
the structure of the constitutional legislation of New Kazakhstan is proposed.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: constitution

value: structure

value: legislative system

value: evolution

value: state

value: government system

value: form of government

value: constitutional legislation


dc.contributor.author

value: Grekova-Kononova, Alina I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grekova-Kononova A. I. The dynamics of the personality’s world image in a situation of loss of a loved one. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 260– 277. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of changing the image of the personality’s world in a situation
of experiencing the loss of a loved one. The longitudinal study, which included three
measurements with a difference of three months, involved 80 people who had experienced
the death of a loved one from 1 month to 2 years ago. To study the dynamics of the image of
the world, we used: a modified version of the semantic differential of Ch. Osgood, the test
of existential motivations by A. Langle, the technology “Depth of meaningfulness of life” by P. Ibersol, the questionnaire of post-traumatic growth by R. Tadeshi and L. Calhoun. Statistical
methods: frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, content analysis, one-factor analysis of
variance (ANOVA), nonparametric Friedman criterion. Results: 1. The dynamics of the image
of the world in a situation of loss is characterized by heterochrony and unevenness: changes
in the perceptual layer of the image of the world are quite local in nature and show that the
most sensitive to changes is the characteristic “chaotic — ordered”; changes in the semantic
layer of the image of the world turned out to be the most dynamic and associated with the
transformation of attitudes towards other people towards openness, positivity, compassion;
changes in the nuclear layer of the image of the world are more concerned with the emergence
of a sense of new opportunities, new interests, a desire for change, increasing the value of life,
gaining new life meanings. 2. With regard to the object, term and cause of loss, as well as age
and gender, their situational influence in the process of experiencing loss on changes in the
image of the world and its components can be noted.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: image of the world

value: the situation of loss

value: dynamics

value: death of a loved one

value: personality psychology

value: procedural approach

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrash, Marina D.

value: Strizhitskaya, Olga Yu.

value: Krupina, Kristina M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrash M. D, Strizhitskaya O. Yu., Krupina K. M. Adaptation of the Russian version of the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 223–240. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The work is devoted to the adaptation of the “Perception of Aging” questionnaire based on
the English-language Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ). Modern scientific knowledge
has a significant amount of data in the field of psychology of aging, interest in which does not
fade, and the aging process is studied from various angles. Researchers more often turn to the
problem of constructing a productive old age, the planning of which is recommended to begin
at earlier stages of life. The results of modern research indicate that a positive perception of aging
is a predictor of quality of life in old age and contributes to various aspects of health in old
age. In this regard, the question arises about psychodiagnostic tools that allow us to identify
the specifics of the perception of aging. Even though that there are currently studies on this
problem, there is no version of the questionnaire that will allow assessing the perception of aging
in a Russian sample. This study examined the reliability and construct validity of the English
version of the APQ Perceptions of Aging Questionnaire. The study involved 229 people
aged 29 to 68 years. Reliability was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s α and showed internal consistency both for the entire questionnaire and across gender groups. To test the convergent
validity, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile questionnaire, the K. Riff Psychological Well-
Being Scale, the Australian Healthy Aging Questionnaire, and the Positive Affect and Negative
Affect Scales were used. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, six scales were identified:
“Consequences negative”, “Control positive”, “Emotional representation” and “Unstable image
of old age” (Timeline (cyclical)), “Consequences positive”, “Control negative”. Analysis of convergent
validity showed the connection of the selected scales with indicators of psychological
and physical health. The Perceptions of Aging Questionnaire is a simple and flexible method
for assessing the image of aging.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation, grant no. 22-28-00869 “Futurization
of aging as a resource of maintaining quality of life in aging”; https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-28-00869.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: perception of aging

value: adaptation of the questionnaire

value: scales of perception of aging

value: determination of the causes of aging

value: changes caused by aging

value: manifestations of aging

value: Aging Perceptions Questionnaire


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhou, Zhuolin

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhou Zh. Features of purpose determination of meaningfulness of life in different cultures. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 331–348. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2024.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of purpose determination of human behavior and its connection
with the meaningfulness of life. In modern psychological research the purpose determination
of human behavior is considered as having a contextual character. A study was
conducted to describe the contextual characteristics of goals and to identify the relationship of goals in the main life spheres with the meaningfulness of life among 143 native speakers
of Russian and 150 native speakers of Chinese. As a result of correlation, factor and regression
analyses, the following was established: regardless of cultural identity, the significance of
a person’s goals in the main life spheres relates to the assessment of the possibilities of their
achievement in his/her life situation; a person’s active life position and his/her satisfaction
with his/her actual life are positively correlated with his/her life meaningfulness of life. Differences
between representatives of Russian and Chinese cultures have also been revealed: in the
Chinese sample, the presence of goals and the assessment of a high probability of their realization
are associated with the readiness to change to achieve them, while in the Russian sample
the presence of goals and a positive assessment of the situation do not ensure the propensity to
change; for a native speaker of the Russian language, goals and the assessment of opportunities
to achieve them have a significant impact on his sense of meaningfulness of life, while for the
Chinese respondent the most important role is played by family values.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 14; Issue 2

value: purpose

value: purpose determination

value: meaningfulness of life

value: contextual approach

value: culture


title: Conceptual basis of gun policy

dc.contributor.author

value: Shmidt, Artem A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shmidt, Artem A. 2024. “Conceptual basis of gun policy”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 404–421. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Gun violence has reignited academic and public debate about support for restrictive gun policies,
the need for stronger gun control, and countering school shooting. The article analyzes
the national and foreign guns policies. Unlike most comparative legal studies on the problems
of guns control, built on comparison and identification of features, the analysis of differences,
this study was aimed at identifying the essential grounds, the nature of state control relations
over the circulation of guns. We aimed to synthesise evidence identifying effective interventions
and policies that influence the social determinants of gun violence. The paper widely
uses the literature review method in combination with classical methods of studying legal phenomena,
which made it possible to identify Legal model of gunpolicies that exist in the world,
determine the legal means of implementing the guns policy, its principles. We systematically
searched legal databases (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), “Traveler’s
Guide to the Firearm Laws of the Fifty States — Gun Laws for the 50 States”, databases of
Federal Ministry of Justice Germany, database provisioning legislative activity of Russia).
The study revealed gaps in the Russian guns policy and the organization of guns control and
supervisory activities of law enforcement agencies, including the problem of restricting access
to guns for certain categories of persons — members of extremist and terrorist organizations,
as well as persons who have committed crimes who have received a criminal procedure the
status of a suspect or accused. We conclude that a promising strategy for reducing gun violence
is to make guns a legal liability to criminals, a goal that can be furthered through a variety of
both regulatory and law-enforcement tactics. Changes to the legislation on guns and criminal
procedure legislation aimed at strengthening guns control are proposed.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 2

value: guns

value: use of guns

value: school shooting

value: gun control

value: gun policy

value: restriction of rights

value: counteraction to extremism

dc.title

value: Conceptual basis of gun policy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Polyakov, Vitaly V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Polyakov, Vitaly V. 2024. “Criminalistic classification of the means of high-tech crimes”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 435–453. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The formation of high-tech crime is largely based on the use of new means of committing
crimes. This circumstance makes the task of constructing a practice-oriented
classification of
these tools important and relevant. The paper considers classifications for the means of hightech
crimes, based on various criteria. The general classification applicable to all groups of
high-tech crimes is based on the following criteria: the content of the technical implementation
of the funds, the legality of their origin, the contribution of criminals to the development
and creation of the means, the elements of the crime method. According to the technical
implementation, the means of high-tech crimes are divided into software, hardware and software and hardware. According to the contribution of criminals to the creation, a division
was made into ready-made funds modified for criminal purposes and specially designed new
ones. Private classifications related to the group of software and hardware tools for committing
high-tech crimes are proposed. Energy dependence, mobility and the presence of a network
interface and the type of legal authority for the means of crime used were identified as additional
practically significant classifying features. The developed classifications are designed
to promote the use of more effective technical forensic and tactical forensic techniques in the
investigation of high-tech crimes.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: means of crimes

value: method of crime

value: high-tech crimes

value: computer crimes

value: crime investigation

value: criminalistic characterization

value: concealment of crime


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Maria A.

value: Shpakovskiy, Yuriy G.

value: Tsindeliani, Imeda A.

value: Ponomareva, Daria V.

value: Voronina, Natalya P.

value: Chelysheva, Natalya Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova, Maria A., Yuriy G. Shpakovskiy, Imeda A. Tsindeliani, Daria V. Ponomareva, Natalya P. Voronina, Natalya Yu. Chelysheva. 2024. “New digital and other innovative tools for environmental protection, nature management and environmental safety for the purposes of antimonopoly and financial regulation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 527–543. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.215

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the development of digitalization of the life of modern society, the
problems that this phenomenon creates for modern societies and legal orders, as well as
ways to solve them. The authors outline that the level of dynamics of innovative development
has led to the introduction of digital technologies in almost all areas of both production
and many aspects of a person’s private life, the legal regulation of which is not isolated.
The authors analyze in detail the initiatives and solutions being implemented in the world,
paying special attention at the intersection of the development of information technology
and ensuring environmental safety. In particular, the authors note that the advancement
of information technology has led to greater transparency of information in commodity
markets and suggest using this transparency to ensure greater protection of the population
and states from environmental offenses and information abuse by businesses affecting the
production of environmentally friendly goods, as well as the development environmentally
friendly industries. The sustainable development of any country in modern conditions is
seen by the authors of this research in finding a balance between establishing conditions for
free technological advancement and minimizing the negative effect of such advancement by
stimulating the honesty and openness of companies, rather than classical prohibitions and
restrictions, which is possible with the use of modern information technologies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The project is implemented in frame of the federal academic leadership program “Priority 2030”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: environmental safety

value: environmental protection

value: environmental governance

value: social governance

value: sustainable development

value: digitalization

value: public procurement

value: greenwashing

value: unfair competition


dc.contributor.author

value: Murashova, Evgeniya A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Murashova E. A. (2024). General trends in the actualization of phatic speech tools in Russian, German and English TV interviews. Media Linguistics, 11 (2), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2024.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the phatic speech means of one of the genres of media discourse — the genre
of television interview. A brief description of the media discourse is given, the structure of the
television interview is described, some of its linguistic and extralinguistic features are clarified,
including a high degree of generalization and depersonalization of the sender-interviewer and
individualization of the sender-interviewee, a high degree of depersonalization of the recipient,
assimilation of the styles of public and everyday communication of communicants, diverse conditionality
and interdiscursivity of the message. Particular attention is paid to the implementation
of the phatic component of a television interview, including in accordance with the realized
speech roles of the sender, with the need to accentuate individual components of the communicative
situation in particular and accentuate the interaction of the sender and recipient in general.
In line with the communicative-discursive research paradigm, the meaningful components of the
ritualized communicative situation of the “TV interview” are illustrated: greeting, presentation,
discussion, summing up, gratitude, farewell. The general trends of actualization of phatic speech
means in the Russian, German and English languages corresponding to these content components
are outlined. The phatic component correlates with other components of the TV interview:
informative, influencing and regulatory. As illustrative material, we use stereotypically actualized
by the senders phatic speech means from the current TV interviews of the TV channels RT (Russia Today), Deutsche Welle* and BBC. The categories forming the basis of the communicative and
discursive analysis of TV interviews are outlined. Conclusions are formulated and prospects for
further research of the actualization of phatic speech means in Russian-, German- and Englishlanguage
TV interviews are outlined, including the study of the actualization of phatic speech
means focused on the perception of diverse potential recipients of TV interviews.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 11; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: media discourse

value: TV interview

value: phatic speech tools

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ampovska, Marija

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ampovska, Marija. 2024. “European Union civil liability frameworks in the age of artificial intelligence: Assessing current regimes and future prospects”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 2: 466–482. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2024.210

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study intends to evaluate the suitability of the EU’s liability regimes in solving AI-related
concerns by carefully examining the current legal environment. It also examines the consequences
and viability of using these frameworks to consider the special features of AI technology.
Furthermore, the article offers insight into the growing nature of AI liability inside the EU
and its potential by thoroughly examining current regulations and evaluating the suggested
revisions and proposals for prospects. Some of the questions that are the focus of the attention
in the article are the burden of proof and its allocation in cases involving AI-caused damages,
the standard of proof required to establish liability in AI-related cases, whether a preponderance
of evidence, clear and convincing evidence, or a higher standard should be applied in
different scenarios and the difficulties in establishing causation in AI-related damages. The
method used in this paper will consist of conducting a comparative analysis based on the
hypothesis (bearing in mind that there is no established court practice in the EU with regard
to this matter) of how different jurisdictions in the EU handle liability and proof standards
in AI-related cases, highlighting of any emerging trends or most suitable doctrines and practices.
These questions certainly open a discussion of the potential future developments in AI
liability law, considering the rapid advancements in AI technology and how legal standards
might need to adapt as AI systems become more sophisticated. By focusing on these practical
aspects of AI liability, this research can offer valuable insights into how the legal system can
effectively address the challenges posed by AI technology and set the legal bases for fair and
just outcomes for all parties involved.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
In the proposal for an EU regulatory framework on artificial intelligence (AI) in April 2021, the
Commission proposes to establish a legal definition of “AI system” in EU law, which is largely based on a
definition already used by the OECD (Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence. Accessed
May 25, 2024. https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL‑0449).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: artificial intelligence

value: civil liability

value: burden of proof

value: standard of proof

value: causation

value: damage