dc.contributor.author

value: Golev, Nikolai D.

value: Shpil’naia, Nadezhda N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Golev, N. D., Shpil’naia, N. N. (2021). Ordinary media communication as a socio-speech sphere: The problem statement and the boundaries of manifestation. Media Linguistics, 8 (1), 23–34.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The object of consideration in the article is the communicative space of the linguistic community,
which can be represented as a set of socio-speech spheres. The subject of the research of the
article is the ordinary media communication as a socio-speech sphere with its inherent discursive
practices and genre forms of their implementation. The article defines the boundaries of the
manifestation of everyday media communication. The sphere of ordinary media communication
is differentiated on the basis of two oppositions, taking into account a type of linguistic personality
and a type of communicative context: a professional/nonprofessional linguistic personality, a
natural/artificial communicative context. On this basis, the following manifestations of ordinary
media communication are distinguished as follows: nonprofessional everyday media discourse,
pseudo-media discourse, everyday professional media discourse. On the basis of the typology of
speech events as narrative, declarative and representative, discursive practices are distinguished
into event-ideas, referential and textual events. Narrative discursive practices actualize textual
events. They recreate a textual event as a communicative event that is delayed in time. These
discursive practices are implemented in the genres of everyday conversation and private history.
The declarative discursive practices are related to the actualization of the referential events. This
is a manifestation of the reflective activities of native speakers, the result of which is their judgments on the media activities: issues of media activity, about their work, etc. These discursive
practices are implemented in the genres of media myths and superstitious media features. The
representative discursive practices actualize event-ideas, presenting an interpretation of various
media events. The article considers such genres of their implementation as media anecdotes, media
commentary and the media “note” genre as the implementation of pseudo-media discourse.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Research, projects no. 20-412-
420004р_а (N. D. Golev), no. 20-012-00375 (N. N. Shpil’naia).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 8; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: ordinary media communication

value: socio-speech sphere

value: discursive practices

value: speech genres

dc.title

value: Article


title: The pandemic, Russia, and the West

dc.contributor.author

value: Sakwa, Richard

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sakwa R. The pandemic, Russia, and the West. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 3–19.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Covid-19 pandemic represented a major event in world history, although its political
character remains disputed. It is too early to tell what long-term impact the coronavirus will
have on international affairs, but its immediate results are clear. The article examines the context
of the pandemic and some of the salient effects, noting that it has acted as an accelerant
rather than a game changer. The paper then contextualises these changes into the larger pattern
of Russian foreign policy, noting the way that the pandemic only deepened and in parts
accelerated existing tendencies and trends. International politics remain trapped between
post-war patterns in the Atlantic power system and the emergence of new challenges, above
all the nascent bipolarity between the United States and China. Russia seeks to manoeuvre in
this new constellation, including by advancing its civilisational autonomy. Instead of introducing
greater flux into international affairs, the pandemic only confirmed and intensified the
existing impasse, and the long-anticipated multipolarity remains more of an aspiration than a
reality. The stasis in international affairs remains in place.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: pandemic

value: sovereign internationalism

value: neo-revisionism

value: stasis

value: liberalism

value: information warfare

value: The pandemic, Russia, and the West

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Ershov, Valentin V.

value: Ershova, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ershov, Valentin V., Elena A. Ershova. 2021. “Nature and classification of special principles of national labour law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 123–130.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Most often, the principles of law in specialized literature are understood as the “initial principles”,
“ideas” and “provisions” of law. It seems that such conclusions could only be made from
the standpoint of legal positivism, which restricts essentially “all” law only to the norms of
labour law contained in national legal acts. The article makes a different conclusion: ontologically
homogeneous elements are synthesized from the position of the scientifically substantiated
concept of integrative legal understanding, first of all, the principles and norms of labour
law contained in a single, developing and multilevel system of forms of national and (or) international
labour law implemented in the state. With this theoretical approach, the principles
of law can be controversially referred to as quite vague “principles,” “ideas,” and “positions”. In
support of their position, the authors of the article present several vivid examples of application
of the Ruling No. 21 of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
on June 2, 2015 “On Certain Issues that Arose in the Courts when Applying Legislation
Governing the Work of the Head of the Organization and Members of the Collegial Executive
Body of the Organization”. The article provides an overview of ideas about the principles of law
and their change in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern periods. The authors emphasize
that the special principles of national labour law are derived from the fundamental (general)
principles of both national and international law which, by their nature, constitute undeniable
law (jus cogens) binding on law-making and law-enforcement agencies as well as officials.
The article advocates the position that the special principles of national labour law are the
fundamental, primary elements of the labour law system that independently regulate labour
relations in order to specify the norms of labour law.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

value: principles of law

value: jus cogens

value: labour law principles

value: legal positivism

value: integrative legal understanding

value: labour law system

value: forms of labour law

value: specification of labour law

value: nature principles of law

value: classification of principles of law


dc.contributor.author

value: Tikhonova, Olga V.

value: Slobodyanyuk, Anastasia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tikhonova, O. V., Slobodyanyuk, A. A. (2021). Russian media speech on RTR Moldova broadcasting. Media Linguistics, 8 (1), 83–89.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of a study of the specifics of Russian media speech in the Republic
of Moldova on the example of news broadcasts of the RTR Moldova TV-channel. The
actual modern position of the Russian language on the territory of the country within the
framework of the current state policy and the situation of Russian-language broadcasting in
the country were studied. Theoretical material on the specifics of Russian language in the
Republic of Moldova was studied and systematized. The history of the creation and specifics
of the functioning of the Russian-language TV-channel RTR Moldova were reviewed in terms
of current legislation. Methods of quantitative and comparative analysis, induction, synthesis
of theoretical and practical knowledge were used. The study’s empirical base includes video
material of 41 news programs of “Vesti-Moldova” and “Vesti nedeli-Moldova”. Broadcasts in
2019 comprised the overall chronological period of the research, thanks to the use of a “seasonal”
sample (a week of winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons), which contributed to
a more objective identification of the dynamics of the presenters’ and correspondents’ media
speech on RTR Moldova. The article provides a classification of errors related to grammar,
spelling, stylistics of offscreen text and logic of operational information presentation. The features
of using means of artistic expression were also studied. Tendencies of bilingualism in the
speech of inhabitants of the Republic of Moldova are indicated, which are reflected in the television
broadcast, are highlighted in the article. At the same time, it is emphasized that on-air
programs in Russian are in demand by the audience, however, at the state level, the process of
imposing content in Romanian on the viewer is strongly supported. In this regard, the volume
of Russian-language broadcasts is decreasing every year.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 8; Issue 1

value: bilingualism

value: language interference

value: media speech

value: television of Moldova

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kostromina, Svetlana N.

value: Odintsova, Maria M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kostromina S. N., Odintsova M. M. Semantics of life models in the information field of social networks. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2021, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 24–47.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the context of the rapid development of the information environment, a person’s life path,
identity, and the living space of an individual are not only presented in real life, but also in
the virtual world, as well as in augmented reality. The mixing of virtual and real spaces cannot
but affect the daily life of young people. This article attempts to describe and structure the elements
of life models as fragments of a life scenario, broadcast through communities in social
networks. The social network VKontakte has become a meaningful field for analysis as it is the
most popular and frequently used online platform in the information space for the purpose of
transmitting interesting and relevant information among Russian peers. The starting point of
the study was the assumption that the content of social network posts describing the spheres
of life can serve as a basis for building elements of life models broadcast on the Internet. The
research consisted of several stages: preparatory (questioning young people about their preferred
Internet content) and the main one (semantic and content analysis of the content of social
networks). The sample of the preparatory stage was 110 respondents, the average age was 22 years (SD = 2.8). The main sample consisted of over 200,000 posts from the top 20 social
media communities (with an average of 4 million subscribers, with entertainment and nonthemed
content) over the past 2 years. With the help of special program codes and computer
programs, the posts devoted to the most significant spheres of human activity were analyzed.
It was found that the most popular marker words denoting areas of life in posts are work, relationships,
and family. The data of automated semantic and content analysis showed that most
often, through posts in communities, a model of an active and purposeful person is declared.
This is an individual who is ready for action, flexible, mobile with respect to work and selfdevelopment,
but conservative in regard to building family relationships. The results obtained
confirm the assumption that the characteristics of the components of life models are presented
most vividly in the posts of Internet communities, are actively broadcast, and have their own
characteristics. The results of the research data can contribute to the study of the main mechanisms
of transmission between contemporaries of characteristics of behavior in real life, values
and information through Internet content, as well as the work of practicing psychologists
when referring to the profile on social networks or preferred client communities.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by the RFBR grant, project no. 18-013-00599.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: life models

value: social networks

value: intra-generational transmission

value: youth

value: Internet content

value: semantic space


dc.contributor.author

value: Kraevsky, Arseny A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kraevsky, Arseny A. 2021. “Validity and efficacy of international law according to the pure theory of law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 184–204.

dc.description.abstract

value:
At the beginning of its development, the science of international law was inextricably linked
to the doctrine of natural law. The latter was seen as the basis of international law. The very
problem of the foundations of international law became acute in the 19th century, when the
prevailing legal positivism abandoned the idea of natural law. All proposed solutions were
based on the idea of self-obligation of sovereign states. Some of them questioned the very
existence of international law, while others required the introduction of explicit fictions. In
an attempt to solve this problem, the pure theory of law developed by Hans Kelsen and his
students proposed a theory of a hierarchical structure of international and domestic law. The
relationship between the levels of the normative system is based on the empowering norms,
which transfer the property of legal validity to the lower norms created on their basis. The
concept of validity corresponds to the concept of efficacy of the norm. The interrelation
of validity and efficacy of legal norms in international law differs significantly from their
interrelation in domestic law; the study of this relationship in Kelsen’s theory was the main
purpose of this study. The structure of international law according to Kelsen is a pyramid, the
highest level of which is customary international law, based on the basic norm of international law that establishes the binding force of international custom. In this case, from the point of
view of the pure theory of law, a special role in international law is played by the principle of
effectiveness — recognition of the existing factual state of affairs as legitimate. The greater
importance of this principle in international law is explained by the absence of a centralized
system of coercion in the latter because decentralized legal order does not allow the application
of organized sanctions in instances of violation of international legal norms.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project No. 18-011-01195 “Validity
and efficacy of law: theoretical models and strategies of judicial argumentation”, supported by the Russian
Foundation for Basic Research.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: monism in international law

value: international legal custom

value: pure theory of law

value: basic norm

value: validity of law

value: efficacy of law

value: natural law

value: legal positivism


dc.contributor.author

value: Bukalerova, Liudmila A.

value: Ostroushko, Alexander V.

value: Criez, Olga

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bukalerova, Liudmila A., Alexander V. Ostroushko, Olga Criez. 2021. “Crimes against the information security of minors committed through information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 17–35.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes crimes against information security of minors, committed through information
and telecommunication networks (including the Internet), infringing upon such
rights and interests of children as the right to life, health, sexual integrity, normal sexual,
physical development and moral education, honor, and dignity. The increasing number of
infringements on the information security of minors leads to the fact that the legislator formulates
additional articles in the Criminal Code, or makes changes to the wording of existing
ones. The authors note that there is a negative tendency in such activity, when the legislator
focuses his activity only on the prompt counteraction to the emerging risks. This approach
is not sufficient in order to effectively combat cybercrime, it requires complex cross-sectoral
solutions. The information security of a person will not be fully ensured only by supplementing
the already existing articles of the criminal law with the qualifying feature “committed
through information and telecommunication networks (including the Internet). The types
of information crimes, including against the interests of minors, have a steady tendency to
increase. Given the importance of the problems posed in the article, it is necessary to talk
about the need for a thorough scientific, technical, organizational study of the problems of
cybercrimes against minors. The time has come to unify criminal and information legislation.
The article concludes that there is a need to introduce into the Criminal Code of the Russian
Federation the article “Dissemination of information that is harmful to the health and (or)
development of children”.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
under the program to improve the competitiveness of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
(RUDN University) among the world’s leading research and educational centers for 2016–2020.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: information

value: Internet

value: security

value: criminal code

value: crimes, minors

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Repev, Artem G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Repev, Artem G. 2021. “Benefits in law, legal science and practice”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 224–245.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents a theoretical analysis of “privilege” as a category of jurisprudence through
the prism of the system of advantages in law. The relevance of the research is due to the fact
that despite the study (mainly in the field of financial and banking law) of benefits, this legal
phenomenon has not become the object of a comprehensive analysis. For the first time, the
author proves the significant impact of benefits on the functioning of many areas of modern
society (state policy, economy, social relations, etc.). The practical significance of the study is
due to the consideration of benefits as means aimed at strengthening the independence and
special legal status of subjects in need of state support (business community, employees of
state law enforcement and other bodies, etc.), as well as social assistance (disabled people, veterans,
minors, etc.). The author aims to prove the social, state-legal necessity of using this legal
tool in the process of regulating public relations, to consider the main functions and goals of
benefits, their internal classification. Using a variety of means and methods of cognition, the
objective and subjective determinants of legislative consolidation of such a deviation from
equality are identified, based on social and natural causes of occurrence, economic conditions
and special legal factors. The need to analyze legislation and law enforcement practice has
determined the necessity to identify existing patterns and shortcomings of technical and legal
consolidation of benefits. These include the presence of synonymy in the legislation, which
is characteristic of the system of advantages, in which the same terms denote different legal
phenomena in their essence; the absence of a definitive apparatus, which makes it necessary
to develop technical and legal measures aimed at improving the legislative consolidation of
benefits, removing administrative barriers to their implementation.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: benefit

value: privilege

value: immunity

value: legal advantage

value: compensation

value: evaluation concept


dc.contributor.author

value: Koreneva, Olga B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Koreneva, O. B. (2021). Open access to global health information in mass media: Specialized translation and Russian-German-Spanish terminology. Media Linguistics, 8 (1), 90–98.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The situation triggered by the coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated the need to simplify
medical terminology for better understanding by the public. The goal of specialized communication
on medical topics is to more efficiently transfer and assimilate information that is
important to human health, which has become literally vital in the times of COVID-19. Such
circumstances lead to the fact that medical terminology is no longer the exclusive prerogative
of the professional vocabulary of medical personnel, but is already more and more integrated
into the vocabulary of everyday use, and is also widely used in mass media. A cognitive approach
to terminology helps to extract specialized knowledge encoded in terms, simplifies
specialized translation and contributes to mass communication at a global level. This study,
using the example of Russian-German-Spanish medical terminology, demonstrates the fact
that an effective and intuitive presentation of specialized concepts helps to correctly apply
international terminology, and most importantly, allows its target audience to assimilate the
knowledge behind it in a structured form. This cognitive approach to medical terminology
serves public health purposes by facilitating the communication between doctor and patient,
on the success of which the life and health of society depends. It also argued that the correct
interlanguage terminology management facilitates the constructive exchange of experience
and cooperation between doctors, specialists, scientists, healthcare organizations and specialized
translators, whose joint work at the global level is now especially necessary for medicine.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 8; Issue 1

value: mass media

value: cognitive terminology

value: medical communication

value: specialized translation


dc.contributor.author

value: Vetrova, Evgenia G.

value: Khalatova, Raisa I.

value: Kashaeva, Anastasia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vetrova, Evgenia G., Raisa I. Khalatova, Anastasia A. Kashaeva. 2021. “Exceptional circumstances beyond International Swimming Federation Doping Control Rules: The Sun Yang case of Court of Arbitration for Sport”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 131–143.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The authors refer to the exceptional circumstances surrounding Sun Yang’s violation. The
athlete intervened in the doping control procedure in several ways. First, he questioned
the proper accreditation of the IDTM’s (The company “International Doping Tests and
Management”) Samples Collection Personnel, one of which photographed him. This officer
was suspended from urine sampling, but there was no longer a male specialist on the IDTM’s
Samples Collection Personnel. Therefore, the collection of urine samples did not take place
due to the athlete’s actions. A general distrust of IDTM’s Samples Collection Personnel due
to inappropriate photographing was the catalyst for follow-up action. Secondly, the athlete
required IDTM’s Samples Collection Personnel to confirm his credentials (accreditation)
from the anti-doping organization, despite the submission of documents by IDTM’s Samples
Collection Personnel following the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. Not
having received the additional and, in the opinion of the athlete, necessary documents, he
refused to participate in the doping control procedure as a whole, tearing up his previously
given written consent. Finally, the athlete took part in the destruction of blood samples with
a hammer, but his role in this process was controversial. A prerequisite for the destruction
process of the samples was the assistance of the IDTM’s Samples Collection Personnel, who
handed them over to the athlete in response to insistent demands. The listed circumstances,
which are exceptional, however, could not affect the reduction of Sun Yang’s period of
ineligibility, since the FINA (International Swimming Federation) Doping Control Rules,
based on WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) Code 2015, do not imply such a basis. The new WADA Code 2021 offers a more flexible concept of liability and takes into account exceptional
circumstances that in subsequent disputes about tampering can be established based on the
example of the dispute CAS 2019/A/6148.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: anti-doping rule violation

value: World Anti-Doping Agency Code

value: tampering

value: Doping Control Official

value: the doping control process

value: exceptional circumstances

value: fault or negligence

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Guseltseva, Marina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guseltseva M. S. “Life space” in the context of psychology of everyday life: To the 130th anniversary of Kurt Lewin. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2021, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 8–23.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The psychology of everyday life is one of the actively developing areas of modern Russian
psychology. The leading theoretical and methodological sources of its development are history,
anthropology and sociology of everyday life at the general scientific level of knowledge.
Sources at the specific scientific level are the psychopathology of everyday life by Sigmund Freud, the field theory of Kurt Lewin, and the psychological concept of Hans Thomae. The
demand for the ideas of Lewin is determined today by transformations of modernity, bringing
to the fore the issues of socio-cultural dynamics and polymotivation of an individual,
the clash of values and the subject’s conscious choice of a life path, formation of identity in
changing life situations, and diversity of lifestyles in a complicated society. Everyday life is
multi-layered, variegated, and heterogeneous. It presents the dynamics of the visible and invisible,
real and surreal, modern and archaic. To detect gradual and imperceptible changes, it is
often necessary to change the methodological toolkit. Lewin’s construct of “life space” in the
context of the psychology of everyday life allows one to configure various aspects of human
development in a situation of sociocultural transformations where social space can be both
supportive and suppressive, and the spheres of private and public, personal and professional,
mix. This results in a loss of normative boundaries. Cultural-psychological time in a common
geographic space flows differently for people and communities, which not only creates risks
of potential conflicts by drawing fault lines in the social fabric, but also poses the problem of
a description language capable of combining nomothetic (revealing trends and patterns) and
idiographic (directed analysis of unique cases) discourses. Lewin solved similar methodological
and socio-political problems. It seems that his approach is very productive for the diagnosis
and treatment of cultural and psychological trauma in Russian society. In the article, it is
emphasized that the strategy of Lewin’s “action research” is close to the social constructivism
of the Russian intellectual tradition, which makes it possible to comprehend the work of a
psychologist as a solution to the problems of humanizing society and the education system.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was
supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 20-013-00075-A “A person in
everyday life: psychological phenomenology and patterns”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: life space

value: psychology of everyday life

value: subject

value: transformations of modernity

value: methodology


dc.contributor.author

value: Negryshev, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Negryshev, A. A. (2021). The credibility of news media text: The experience of macrostructural analysis. Media Linguistics, 8 (1), 4–22.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of textual credibility is considered in line with the theory of reference from the
standpoint of a text’s grammar. The referential semantics of a text is determined by the type of
discourse in which the text is generated. Subsequently, the criteria for credibility are discursively
conditioned. The article reveals the referential aspects of news media text as a “product”
of news discourse with its accuracy and objectivity requirements to factually ascertain a message. To describe these characteristics, the concept of referential density of the text is introduced,
which is revealed through macrostructural text analysis. The basic definitions of this
analysis are provided, its methodology is described and its testing is carried out to explicate
the degree of reference density of the text. The key terms of macrostructural analysis are the
macro-textual position and the ways of filling it. The main macro-textual positions of the news
media text are headline ↔ text, compositional-factual, compositional-logical, compositional-syntagmatic
relations and stylistic perspective. The different ways of filling these positions
reveal different degrees of factuality/interpretability, which can be located on the reference
scale in a certain sequence. Scales for each macro-textual position are combined into a referential
matrix of the text, graduated in the direction of decreasing reference density/increasing
interpretability. Another way to visualize the results of macro-textual analysis is to construct
a radar diagram, on which the referential focus of the text is especially evident. Using the example
of three news reports of the Russian press, the analysis of the filling of macro-textual
positions, of which reveals varying degrees of reference density, three types of referential focus
of news media text are demonstrated: concentrated, shifted and diffused. The distinguished
types reflect the corresponding referential types of news media text, the referential density of
which is a “linguistic dimension” of its credibility.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 8; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: credibility of media text

value: news media text

value: macrostructural analysis of text

value: text reference

value: referential density of text


dc.contributor.author

value: Gershkovich, Valeria A.

value: Moroshkina, Nadezhda V.

value: Fedosova, Victoria I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gershkovich V. A., Moroshkina N. V., Fedosova V. I. Memory for the solutions sources in remote associate tasks: The role of generation effect and Aha!-experience. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2021, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 72–88.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the current work is to study the role of the Aha!-experience in remembering the
source of solutions, either self-generated or externally presented. In memory studies there are
specific source-monitoring errors, which occur whenever a participant claims to have generated
an idea that was derived from different sources (unconscious plagiarism). Several previous
studies have shown that experiencing the feeling of Aha! during either problem-solving or
the presentation of the correct solutions can have a beneficial relationship to the subsequent
recall of the material with the processing of which it was associated. However, studies of the
Aha!-experience on the source monitoring task (self-generated solutions vs presented solutions)
have not been conducted. In the authors’ study, the hypothesis that the feeling of Aha!,
associated with the task being solved, can affect source-monitoring accuracy. During the first
stage of the experiment, participants (80 people) had to solve Compound Remote Associates
Task items and to estimate whether they had a feeling of Aha!, when either generating
the solution or being presented with it in case they failed to generate it. At the second stage,
conducted a week later, participants had to recall if the solution was generated by themselves
or just presented. The results confirm the generation effect, which manifests itself in successfully
recalling problems for which a solution was found (sufficient generation) compared to
problems with no-solutions found (fail-to-generate). Participants quite accurately recognized
the source of the solution a week later, attributing generated solutions to themselves, while
attributing fail-to-generate solutions to the presented ones. However, the authors did not find
any additional impact of the Aha!-experience on the problem’s recognition, nor on the sourcemonitoring
task performance. In the conclusion of the article, the contradictions of different
experimental data concerning the influence of the Aha!-experience on long-term memory
and further areas of research is discussed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was supported by the RFBR grant, project no. 20-013-00532.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: source-monitoring judgements

value: Aha!-experience

value: insight

value: problem-solving

value: remote associate task

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Simonova, Maria V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Simonova, M. V. (2021). The post-truth phenomenon in coverage of the gender-based violence issue in Spain’s pandemic media space (on the material of ABC). Media Linguistics, 8 (1), 35–44.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of post–truth in the modern media space, particularly
in Spain. For the first time, the neologism “post-truth” was recorded in the explanatory
dictionaries of the Spanish language in 2017. It was nominated for the “word of the year”.
Interest in studying this phenomenon is growing every year as post-truth has become an integral
part of the modern media space around the world. The phenomenon is widely studied
in modern science. The research material for the article is the daily social and political
newspaper ABC, which is considered one of the leading publications related to quality press
in Spain. The author examines the phenomenon of post-truth on the material of newspaper
publications devoted to the problem of violence against women during the state of emergency
in Spain (from March 14 to June 21) due to COVID-19. The analysis of the published material
in the newspaper (more than 250 articles) showed that journalists are actively using linguistic
techniques of manipulative influence on the reader — exaggeration of facts or their distortion/
inaccuracy, use of affective vocabulary, vivid and memorable phraseological units, epithets,
comparisons, reference to unreliable sources and appeal to civil liability. All these linguistic
methods contribute to the formation of a distorted picture of the actual situation in Spanish
society regarding gender-based violence. The author revealed that the statistics in the newspaper
do not correspond to the official data. All this testifies to the phenomenon of post–truth
in the modern media space in Spain. The findings confirm that modern journalism plays on
people’s emotions and feelings to attract the reader.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 8; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: post-truth

value: media space of Spain

value: manipulative techniques

value: gender-based violence


title: Editorial

dc.identifier.citation

value: Editorial. Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 3–4.

dc.description.abstract

value: Editorial

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 3; Issue 1


dc.contributor.author

value: Klevtsov, Kirill K.

value: Vasyukov, Vitaliy F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Klevtsov, Kirill K., Vitaliy F. Vasyukov. 2021. “Obtaining electronic information on criminal cases within the framework of international cooperation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 36–51.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The explosive growth of information and communication technologies, which has affected
human social communication institutions, has become commensurate with the increase in potential risks to the security and rights of citizens. The authors of the article attempt to highlight
the issues of international cooperation between law enforcement agencies of the Russian
Federation and other countries in the framework of obtaining electronic information that is
important for proving criminal cases. Attention is paid to procedures for ensuring the collection
and use of electronic data in the response to crime occurring in the current fine line of
confidentiality of privacy and security. Despite the mutual agreements signed between many
countries of the world, the practical implementation of regulations that ensure the provision of
electronic information in the framework of international cooperation is currently fraught with
certain problems. Meanwhile, in the context of countering such dangerous phenomena for
the world community as terrorism, extremism, drug trafficking, weapons, and people, a single
mechanism for exchanging information stored on a gigantic scale on the servers of Telecom
operators and providers has not yet been developed. The actual search for data stored on mobile
devices usually requires a warrant in common law countries. In situations where there is a
significant risk of loss of evidence, such as when data detection and other computer forensics
tools are actively used, some jurisdictions allow law enforcement agencies to perform limited
searches of devices without a warrant due to alleged data vulnerability. Another problem is the
retention of stored data, since different practices apply in different countries. In this regard, it is
essential that investigators and prosecutors are well informed about geo-specific data mapping
issues, including “embargoes” or bans on the exchange of computer information.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: international cooperation

value: international agreement

value: procedural actions

value: investigative actions

value: computer information

value: legal assistance

value: electronic evidence

value: criminal proceedings

value: electronic messages

value: subscriber information

value: competent authorities


dc.contributor.author

value: Szkudlarek-Śmiechowicz, Ewa

dc.identifier.citation

value: Szkudlarek-Śmiechowicz, E. (2021). Syntactic innovations in Polish Internet communication. Media Linguistics, 8 (1), 57–70.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Today, the use of language on the Internet is the most important environment for the emergence
of new language customs and variant forms. The article presents search results and
the quantitative and qualitative analysis of two syntactic constructions: X and their non-normative
variants: Y. The study takes into account the numerical ratio of normative and nonnormative
constructions, comparative data from various types of discourses and media texts,
including those derived from Polish Internet speech in its interactive and non-interactive
variants, and a comparison of data from various periods (until 2000, 2001–2010, after 2010),
when the Polish language did not succumb to the influence of network communication (or
its impact was less). The sources of data are the National Corpus of Polish, Monco PL online
news search engine and Forumowisko PL online forums. The overarching aim of the research
is the initial implementation of research postulates formulated both in normative linguistics
(developing research tools that will allow for the codification of the standard norm of Polish to
be re-codified) and in the field of media linguistics (developing criteria for assessing the rules
of communication in the network that will take into account the normative aspect of language
in combination with the rules governing Internet communication).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 8; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Internet communication

value: language norm

value: language dynamics

value: syntactic innovations

value: syntactic variability

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chipurnaya, Polina V.

value: Kuznetsova, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chipurnaya P. V., Kuznetsova E. A. Features of the value-semantic sphere of search and rescue volunteers. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2021, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 103–117.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Studying the values and meanings that volunteers embody in their activities complements the
description of volunteering with the participants’ subjective ideas. This makes it possible to
increase the effectiveness of programs for attracting, training, and supporting volunteers. This
article describes the results of a study of the value-semantic sphere of the search and rescue
volunteers in comparison with professional rescuers. To assess the sustainability of the realization
of personal values in volunteering, part of the study was conducted during the high-risk
COVID-19 pandemic. 100 people participated in the research: 74 volunteers and 26 professional
rescuers. Schwartz’s value questionnaire and Alfried Langle’s existence scale, as well as
two questionnaires by the authors and interviews were used. The study revealed differences
in the value hierarchy of volunteers and rescuers in terms of reputation values, interpersonal
conformity and humility. The leading values for volunteers are independence of thought and
action. The main reasons for volunteer’s actions are the desire to help, communication, emotional
involvement in activities, and usefulness to society. Overall, there were insignificant
changes in volunteering activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the value of maintaining
the volunteer group’s activities gained additional meaning for volunteers.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: volunteer

value: volunteering

value: value-semantic sphere

value: value hierarchy


dc.contributor.author

value: Sergeeva, Elena V.

value: Vu, Hong Ngok

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sergeeva, E. V., Vu Hong Ngok. (2021). Features of speech influence in advertising educational services on the Internet. Media Linguistics, 8 (1), 71–82.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the features of speech influence in online advertising of educational
services. Educational advertising is a type of advertising aimed at promoting educational services,
which aims to form the addressee’s belief in the need to use the services of the advertised
educational institution. It is argued that the specificity of pedagogical advertising discourse is
determined by the goal setting, the importance of the offer to the recipient, the characteristics
of the advertised object and the difficulty of carrying out manipulative influence due to the
verifiability of the result. Informational, admonishing, and reminiscent ads are highlighted.
Pedagogical advertising is characterized by specific features of methods of speech influence
and manipulative tactics. Among the methods of speech influence, the most effective is the
method of persuasion. No less important is the role played by the methods of inducement,
suggestion and imitation. A characteristic feature of educational advertising is the active use
of logical arguments when creating arguments. Using emotional arguments helps to increase
the impact of an advertisement’s message. By influencing consumer’s emotions, the addresser
offers not only educational services, but also positive emotions. When building an emotional
argument in educational advertising, emotional and emotional-evaluative vocabulary is used
primarily to arouse positive emotions associated with an educational institution in the recipient.
It has been determined that the most frequent means of speech influence in pedagogical
advertising are positive evaluative vocabulary and vocabulary with emotional and expressive
coloring, a verb in the imperative mood, rhetorical means of expression, and above all
tropes and figures. The article reveals that advertising texts in the educational sphere have
a large number of expressive syntactic constructions and rhetorical figures (first of all, repetition,
question-answer constructions, rhetorical appeal, rhetorical exclamation, antithesis).
Manipulative speech influence in educational advertising is not frequent. In the pedagogical
advertising text, two main manipulative tactics are distinguished: manipulations based on
weaknesses and manipulations based on needs.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 8; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: advertising educational services

value: advertising of the pedagogical sphere

value: speech influence

value: manipulation

value: argumentation

value: rhetorical means


dc.contributor.author

value: Rudokvas, Anton D.

value: Novikov, Andrej A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rudokvas, Anton D., Andrej A. Novikov. 2021. “On the application of Byzantine law in modern Bessarabia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 205–223.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article describes the application of Byzantine law in the region of Bessarabia which formed
part of the Russian Empire from the early 19th century until 1917. The empire allowed the local
population to apply their local laws for the regulation of their civil law relations. Due to
historical reasons, these local laws were identified with the law of the Byzantine Empire which
had already disappeared in 1453. The authors of the article provide a general description of
the sources of Bessarabian law and then turn to case study research regarding the jurisprudence
of courts on the issues of the Law of Succession in Bessarabia. They demonstrate that
in interpreting the provisions of the law applicable, Russian lawyers often referred to Roman
law as a doctrinal background of Byzantine law. Furthermore, they did not hesitate to identify
Roman law with Pandect law. Even though the doctrine of the Law of Pandects had been created
in Germany on the basis of Roman law texts, it was far from the content of the original
law of the Ancient Roman Empire. The fate of the practical application of Byzantine law in
Bessarabia reflects some general problems of the ‘legal transplants’ in the history of law and
therefore provides additional materials for the theoretical study of the issues of ‘legal transfer’
in history and nowadays.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: private law

value: Byzantine law

value: Roman law

value: Bessarabian law

value: Russian Imperial Law

value: legal transplants

value: fideicommissum

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kopylov, Artem A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kopylov A. A. The Great Patriotic War and the Russian Orthodox Church on the pages of the “Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate” in 1943–1945. Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 117–123.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents an analysis of the materials in the “Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate”
from 1943–1945, devoted to the Great Patriotic War and the position
of the Russian Orthodox Church in relation to this terrible event in the history of
mankind. There are four main blocks of materials: the official chronicle of the war,
coverage of military events and the situation of the Church in the conditions of
military operations, messages to the faithful population in the territories embroiled
in military operations, and articles on particular issues related to the war. Of great
importance is not only the coverage of the chronicle, but also the support in the
conditions of the ongoing war, which was provided to believers by bishops Patriarch
Sergius (Stragorodsky), Metropolitan Alexy (Simansky, Patriarch since February
1945), and Metropolitan Nikolai (Yarushevich). In the “Journal of the Moscow
Patriarchate”, the struggle against the German invaders was regarded as a struggle
against the servants of the devil. Correspondence from the field testified to the damage
caused by the Nazis not only to the Church, but also to the civilian population.
In the mid-1940s, the “Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate” became the publication
where the Russian Orthodox Church could express both its attitude to events and its
unity with the people, which was necessary in the conditions of war.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 3; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate

value: Great Patriotic War

value: patriotic activity

value: war

value: articles

value: periodicals

value: bishops’ letters in periodicals

value: Church and society

value: occupied territory


dc.contributor.author

value: Savinov, Rodion V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savinov R. V. Reconstruction of argumentation about the possibility of natural theology in confessional polemics at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 58–85.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article describes the problem of the possibility of natural theology, as it was
understood in the discussion between Catholics and Protestants at the turn of the
16th and 17th centuries. The topic is relevant because on the one hand, the category
theologia naturalis by this time accumulated a lot of theological and philosophical
values, and it is for some traditions a system-forming category that identifies the
relation of certain concepts of early modern science. On the other hand, it formed a
point around which arguments for and against fundamental decisions were built in
the field of ontology, epistemology, anthropology, etc. Thus, the problem of natural
theology, its possibilities, composition, and connection with the theology of Revelation
(theologia revelata) is a fundamental factor in the development of confessional
thought in the early modern period. In studying this problem, emphasis is placed
on the ways to conceptualize the idea of natural theology, since this factor determined
some strategy of argumentation, that a thinker chooses, justifying a positive
or negative assessment of the significance of this problem. A special attribute of the approach is the consideration of how the problem of the possibility of natural
theology was understood within the agenda of a specific strategy of theological and
philosophical argumentation (in particular, in William Ames’ theological works).
The approach allowed us to reveal an authentic understanding of the scope and
structure of the problem of the possibility of natural theology, characteristic of authors
at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, as well as to describe ways to systematize
various arguments into a single strategy for positive or negative evaluation of
the phenomenon of natural theology.

value: theology

value: philosophy

value: Catholicism

value: Protestantism

value: Reformation

value: Counter- Reformation

value: Revelation

value: methodology

value: systematics

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kadzhaya, Liudmila A.

value: Kuznetsova, Iuliia M.

value: Salimovskii, Vladimir A.

value: Suvorova, Margarita I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kadzhaya, L. A., Kuznetsova, Iu. M., Salimovskii, V. A., Suvorova, M. I. (2021). Thematic organization of instructional texts as a linguistic basis for the acquisition of knowledge by an intelligent agent. Media Linguistics, 8 (1), 45–56.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the thematic organization of instructional texts in the aspect of problems
relevant to work on the creation of a cognitive assistant. The purpose of the assistant is to provide
a user with the necessary information to follow the rules of a particular scenario to successfully
achieve a goal according to the search query. The query containing certain keywords, further
specified as the task being solved, is focused on a detailed set of topics which mark the subject areas
reflected in the scenario. The authors of the article provide a review of some linguistic works
devoted to the issues of theme-rhematic structuring of a produced text and its compression
within the limits of keywords. The importance of the description of the text’s thematic chains, to
obtain the detailed objective information on its thematic structure, is emphasized. When comparing
the list of keywords identified by the automatic system TextApplianсe in a collection of
Internet-extracted instructional texts retrieved from the Internet with the results of hand-held
analysis of these texts, to determine the place of various nominative units in the text’s thematic
organization, the authors consider the most significant characteristics of a keyword shown in
different nominative units to varying degrees. This is a high indicator of a text identifier, content
capacity, and communicative significance of a word or a substantive phrase as a marker of
important information for a recipient. Defining keywords in whole instructional texts and in
relatively independent text fragments (subtexts) that describe individual stages of the user’s goal
achievement (for example, the stages of selecting a car, its inspection, making a transaction, car
registration) makes it possible to improve the quality of scenario identification in the Network.
Extracting keywords along with their context allows for the creation of a recommendations’ database for users automatically. The significance of the theme-rhematic text structure analysis,
as a sign for its modeling in the sign picture of the world, is revealed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-00-00606
(18-00-00233).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 8; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: intelligent agent

value: text

value: theme-rhematic text organization

value: keyword

value: thematic chain


dc.contributor.author

value: Song, Lei

dc.identifier.citation

value: Song Lei. 2021. “The content and process of adopting amendments to the Constitution of China in 2018”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 155–166.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses current theoretical issues concerning the process of adopting amendments
to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and their content. The Constitution
of the PRC is the fundamental law of China. It plays a crucial role in the socialist legal
system with Chinese specifics in the new era. From September 29, 2017 to March 11, 2018,
the fifth draft amendments to the Constitution of the PRC in 1982 were formed and adopted
within 6 months. This is a great event in China, and it also carries a landmark and historical
significance for the development of Chinese legislation. The draft amendments were supposed
to make 21 changes to the current Constitution of the PRC. The content of the changes is provided
as: affirming the scientific approach to the development of the state and society, Xi Jinping’s
ideas about socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era have become the main
reference point in the socio-political life of the country; regulation of the full implementation
of the general plan for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics; improving
actions to govern the country in accordance with the law and to implement legislation; full
improvement of the essence of the development of the revolution and the construction of the
country; full enhancement of the content of the United Patriotic Front and interethnic relations;
filling the direction of peaceful diplomatic policy with content; providing support and
strengthening the leadership of the Communist Part of China; emphasizing the role of basic
socialist values; changes to the previously established terms of office of the President of the state; expansion of the regulation of local legislation of cities of central subordination; expansion
of the regulations for the relevant inspection commissions.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: constitutional law of China

value: amendments to the Constitution of China

value: socialist legal system

value: socialism with Chinese characteristics

value: local legislation of China

value: peaceful diplomatic policy of China

value: Chinese control committees


dc.contributor.author

value: Makarova, Daria N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makarova D. N. Metacognitive regulation, basic psychological needs and subjective vitality of first year university students. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2021, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 63–71.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Intellectual performance is influenced by many factors, besides intelligence and cognitive
skills, including the type of motivation and metacognitive regulation. The authors of the article
became interested in the question of whether there is a connection between productivity of
metacognitive regulation and different types of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic). According
to the self-determination theory (SDT), maintaining intrinsic (autonomous) motivation
requires satisfying of one’s basic psychological needs. Also, SDT distinguishes the concepts of
self-control and self-regulation (a particular case of which is metacognitive regulation) and
postulates the existence of a connection between self-regulation and the level of subjective vitality.
The aim of the study was to test the following hypothesis: the higher the level of satisfaction
of three basic psychological needs and the level of subjective vitality, the higher the level
of productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual performance. Participants (first year
university students, n = 116, 70 men) completed Russian versions of two questionnaires, created
inside the SDT paradigm: “Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale”
and “Subjective Vitality Scale”. To assess the productivity of metacognitive regulation of intellectual
activity, a new modified version of the questionnaire “Features of intellectual activity”
(D. N. Makarova, M. V. Osorina) was used. Multiple regression analysis was performed
using SPSS to test the hypothesis. The final model, which explains 31.4 % of the variance of
the dependent variable, shows that the higher the level of subjective vitality and the levels of
satisfaction of need in autonomy and competence, the higher the level of productivity of metacognitive
regulation of intellectual performance. The proposed hypothesis was partly refuted:
no relationship was found between the level of satisfaction of the need in relatedness and the
level of productivity of metacognitive regulation.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: metacognitive regulation

value: basic psychological needs

value: subjective vitality

value: patterns of metacognitive regulation

dc.title

value: Article


title: Preface

dc.contributor.author

value: Grishina, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Preface. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2021, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 4–7.

dc.description.abstract

value: Preface

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.contributor.author

value: Demidova-Petrova, Elizaveta V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Demidova-Petrova, Elizaveta V. 2021. “Research on juvenile delinquency in modern Russia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 4–16.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, the developed matrix of criminologically significant information is proposed.
This matrix reflects the content, structure, and methodology of the study of juvenile delinquency.
The described criminological heptagonal matrix is a fairly complete structure of information significant for criminological science, which is implemented for the purpose of
gaining the most in-depth knowledge of the modern features of juvenile delinquency. The
interrelated elements of this matrix are also proposed in this work. Special attention is paid to
the area of conducting, on a planned basis, criminological monitoring of juvenile delinquency.
It is noted that criminological monitoring has previously been the subject of research by other
authors. It is emphasized that conducting criminological monitoring of juvenile delinquency
will allow for a “cross-cutting” study of this type of crime, and develop adequate, modern
approaches to its prevention. The author provides the results of research on the attitude of
citizens to the Internet space. A separate role is assigned to the theory of intersectionality (the
theory of intersections of social spheres). The conclusion is substantiated that, based on the
fact that the world of modern juveniles is structured, the application of this theory becomes
an important element of cognition, study, and identification of the mutual influence of such
social spheres as the real (offline) social sphere, virtual (online) social sphere with the identity
of a juvenile.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: prevention of juvenile delinquency

value: intersection theory

value: criminological monitoring

value: social environment

value: Internet space

value: information globalization

value: informatization

value: scientific and technological progress


dc.contributor.author

value: Dityatkovskiy, Mikhail Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dityatkovskiy, Mikhail Yu. 2021. “The implementation of optional powers of local selfgovernment bodies in cities”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 99–111.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article characterizes the problems of implementation in cities of the right of local governments
to address issues that are not related to issues of local importance. The topic is insufficiently
studied and not well understood. The work attempts to determine the place and right
of local governing bodies to address issues not related to local matters, within the competence
of local governments, and the author explores the history of the legislative consolidation of the
rights of local governments to resolve such issues. Accordingly, on the basis of the Federal Law
of October 6, 2003 No. 131 “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government
in the Russian Federation”, as well as analyzing the work of a number of scholars, the author
classifies the powers exercised by the bodies and officials of local self-government depending
on the areas within which these powers are exercised. In addition, the article provides a list
of features that are characteristic of the right of local governments of cities to resolve issues.
The conclusions reached by the author are correlated with the purpose of his research — to
understand the legislative consolidation of the concept of “the rights of local governments of
cities to solve issues not related to issues of local importance”. A deep theoretical study of this
concept and the mechanism of its implementation is required, followed by a change in the
above Federal Law.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: local self-government bodies

value: local self-government rights

value: optional powers

value: issues of local significance

value: powers

value: competence

value: local self-government

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Meier, Oliver

dc.identifier.citation

value: Meier O. Debating the withdrawal of US nuclear weapons from Europe: What Germany expects from Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 82–96.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The recent debate in Germany about nuclear sharing confirmed the broad support among
decision-makers for continued involvement in the political dimension of NATO’s sharing arrangements,
i. e., participation in the Alliance’s nuclear consultative bodies. At the same time,
German decision-makers hold divergent views on continued participation in the operational
and technical aspects of nuclear sharing. Russia’s arsenal of approximately 2,000 tactical nuclear
weapons is of great concern to Germany and many in Berlin are worried that Russia is
systematically expanding its nuclear arsenal. German decision-makers and the government
support NATO’s dual-track policy of deterring and engaging Russia. German policy-makers’
arguments on the added military value of forward-deployed US nuclear weapons remain
vague and there are few specific ideas about what type of arms control would be best suited to
reduce the role and number of tactical nuclear weapons in Europe. There are four frameworks
in which tactical nuclear weapons could be discussed with Russia, namely the nuclear Nonproliferation
Treaty (NPT), other multilateral fora, the Russian — US bilateral dialogue on
strategic stability, and the NATO — Russia Council. If Russia is serious about reducing the role
and number of nuclear weapons in Europe, it should accept the reciprocity paradigm and drop
some worn-out demands and positions that have little relevance for political debates around
arms control in Berlin and elsewhere.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: nuclear arms control

value: tactical nuclear weapons

value: NATO

value: Germany


dc.contributor.author

value: Mamaychuk, Irina I.

value: Milanich, Yulia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mamaychuk I. I., Milanich Y. M. Features of mothers’ emotional experience during the hospitalization of newborns in connection with hypoxic affection of the central nervous system. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2021, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 89–102.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Mothers of newborns with central nervous system pathology tend to experience more severe
psychological distress and difficulty in forming a favourable relationship to their child than
mothers of healthy infants. To provide psychological assistance, there is a need to better understand
the features of the experience that parents find stressful and which ones are positive,
in order to cope with stress. The objective of the research was to study mothers’ emotional
experience during the hospitalization of newborns with hypoxic affection of the central nervous
system (CNS). The research included 40 women admitted together with their children to
the newborn pathology department: 22 mothers of full-term infants with hypoxic-ischemic
injury (grade II and III), 18 mothers of preterm infants (29–34 weeks) with hypoxic-ischemic
injury (grade II and III), intraventricular hemorrhage (grade II and III), and combined ischemic
and hemorrhagic damage. Women responded to the questions of the original clinicaland-
psychological interview and the data was processed qualitatively and quantitatively. The
article describes the factors and content of negative and positive emotions of mothers in the
period of hospitalization. The data on the contradictory nature of mothers’ reports of their
feelings is presented: answers to direct questions are chiefly of a positive or ambivalent emotional
background, while answers to projective questions primarily reflect a negative emotional
background. It is shown that with a combination of prematurity and hypoxic affection of the
child’s CNS, women have a more negative emotional background than that of the respondents
who had delivered a full-term child. Conclusions are made about the effect of attitude on a
“socially desirable” response during the description of the emotional experience, about less
favourable emotional experience of mothers who delivered children prematurely with pathology
of the CNS.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no.
19-013-00450 A.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: mothers

value: newborns

value: emotional experience

value: stressors

value: clinical-and-psychological interview


dc.contributor.author

value: Smirnov, Alexander М.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Smirnov, Alexander М. 2021. “Foreign experience in legal regulation of extrajudicial forms of protection of an individual’s rights and freedoms, excluding the criminality of the act”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 144–154.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article describes the provisions of the sources of criminal law of some foreign countries
regarding the regulation of extrajudicial forms of protection of an individual’s rights and freedoms,
excluding the criminality of the act. The author refers to these forms as a necessary
defense, causing harm to the person who committed the crime, and extreme necessity. The
article discusses the possibility of implementing the provisions of these sources in Russian
criminal law to improve the state response to the implementation of these forms. The author
comes to the conclusion that the most positive and constructive features of legal regulation
in foreign countries, extrajudicial forms of protection of an individual’s rights and freedoms
while excluding the criminality of the act, deserve scientific attention and consideration of
their implementation in domestic criminal law and legal practice. The main features consist
of the following: the conditions for the onset of the right to necessary defense, extreme need
and infliction of harm during the detention of a person who has committed a crime, and the
grounds for exceeding it; taking into account the situation when determining the legitimacy
of the given circumstances; allocation of privileged conditions under which a person is either
exempted from criminal liability or not exempted from it, but can count on mitigation of
punishment; criminal prosecution for actions if absolutely necessary only if they have resulted
in more harm than the harm prevented; regulation of legal and factual error with the necessary
defense and extreme necessity; legal regulation of the conditions for the use of weapons
in the implementation of these forms; holding accountable those who provoked the necessary
defense; the emergence of the right to necessary defense of the person whose rights are being
encroached upon.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: human rights

value: extrajudicial protection

value: self-defense rights

value: necessary defense

value: harm to the offender

value: extreme necessity

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Raś, Maciej

dc.identifier.citation

value: Raś M. Dynamics of international activity of sub-state regions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 71–81.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paradiplomatic activity of sub-state regions has become an important element of international
relations. The sub-state regions are able to implement specific international programs
and deal with supra-regional challenges. The ability of regions to interact internationally depends
primarily on the political and legal system of a given country, but also on the economic
and socio-cultural potential as well as the geographical location. The paradiplomatic actions
are also influenced by processes taking place in international relations, in particular globalisation
and technological development. The author examines the dynamics of international
activity of sub-state regions with a particular focus on the factors and premises that encourage
regional authorities to undertake paradiplomatic actions. The main research objective of the
article is a diagnosis of the motivation of regional activity in the international arena. A brief
analysis of the development of international activity of sub-state regions is a starting point
for considerations about economic, political and socio-cultural motives to paradiplomatic
actions. Democratisation, liberalisation, development and ethnic diversity are considered as
having a particularly significant impact on shaping the dynamics of international activity of
sub-state regions. In his deliberations, the author primarily references the literature on the
subject as well as his own achievements in the field of paradiplomacy studies.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 14; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: sub-state actors in international relations

value: region

value: paradiplomacy


dc.contributor.author

value: Novikova, Irina N.

value: Popov, Dmitry I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Novikova I. N., Popov D. I. Foreign economic cooperation between St. Petersburg and Denmark in the 21st century: Main trends, problems, prospects. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 41–70.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Russian-Danish economic cooperation has a long and rich history, in which St. Petersburg,
due to its geographical location, has always played an important role. The study of the role of
large megacities in national foreign economic policy is now of great scientific and practical
importance. The authors of this article attempt to examine the economic sphere of paradiplomacy
based on the example of St. Petersburg. The article analyzes the legal framework
for economic cooperation between St. Petersburg and Denmark, trade and investment cooperation,
determines the place of St. Petersburg in the total trade turnover of Russia with
Denmark, and the importance of Danish exports and imports for St. Petersburg’s economy.
Special attention is paid to the period 2014–2020, namely, the impact of the sanctions regime
on Danish and St. Petersburg economic cooperation, as well as the new role of the Danish autonomous
regions — the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The authors determine that there were
no drastic changes in the economic interaction between St. Petersburg and Denmark after the
introduction of sanctions. Although the counter-sanctions reduced the supply of Danish food
products, the export of St. Petersburg goods to Denmark increased. The vacuum created by
the reduction in the supply of Danish products was filled by enterprising residents of the Faroe
Islands, who are not members of the European Union (EU). St. Petersburg has become one of
the key centers of consumption of Faroese fish and seafood. The main obstacles to the development
of economic cooperation between St. Petersburg and Denmark remain: value differences
between the Russian Federation and the EU, the sanctions regime, an outdated regulatory
framework, and a high degree of distrust between partners, which is beginning to affect
the pragmatic sphere of the economy. The global economic crisis caused by the coronavirus
pandemic also has a negative impact on economic cooperation between St. Petersburg and
Denmark. However, the epidemic opens up new opportunities for cooperation in areas that
were on the periphery of Danish-Russian economic relations: digitalization of the economy
and education, urbanism and the implementation of the ideas of a “smart city”, cooperation in
the field of pharmaceuticals and medical technologies, and cybersecurity.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: St. Petersburg

value: Denmark

value: Faeroe Islands

value: foreign economic activity of the regions

value: sanctions regime


dc.contributor.author

value: Pestsov, Sergey K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pestsov S. K. Cross-border cooperation of Russia and China: Chaotic prosperity and ordered degradation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 20–40.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Throughout most of the history of the Russian state, the task of “exploration and and development”
of the remote eastern territories, which remain on the country’s underdeveloped
border periphery, continues to be relevant. One of the possible and quite effective tools for
solving this problem in modern conditions is cross-border cooperation. Having conceptually
taken shape within the framework of the developing European integration process, the idea
and practice of cross-border cooperation was adopted by many states with common borders,
even those not connected with each other by integration obligations. At the same time, it is
recognized that neither the presence of a common border nor the willingness of the national
governments of neighbour states to cooperate are a guarantee of the success of cross-border
cooperation and, moreover, progress in the development of border areas. This article examines
the evolution of cross-border cooperation in the Russian Far East, which is almost exclusively
represented by Russian-Chinese cross-border cooperation. The recent history of cross-border
cooperation on the Russian-Chinese border is in this sense a remarkably interesting case, the
study of which makes it possible to better understand both the general laws of this kind of
interaction and their specific features in the context of contemporary relations between Russia
and China. The dominant trend of this cooperation can be characterized as a movement
from chaotic prosperity to ordered degradation. Its determining factor was and remains the
persistent desire of the Russian leadership to maintain tight control over remote territories,
including through the centralization and concentration of all types of their interactions with
neighbouring countries at the interstate level.

value: Russia

value: China

value: regional development

value: cross-border cooperation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vorontsova, Natalia A.

value: Klimova, Irina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vorontsova, Natalia A., Irina A. Klimova. 2021. “Trade liberalization and trade facilitation: Two paths to one goal”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 167–183.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article defines trade liberalization and trade facilitation, highlighting their characteristics,
some of which are inherent to both processes, while others differ. The authors analyze the impact
of transborder production in a number of South-East Asian states on the development of
their economies, as well as the role of trade facilitation in these processes. The article dwells on
the economic impact of trade liberalization and facilitation, their synergistic interaction and
peculiarities from the point of view of legal regulation. The authors come to the conclusion
that trade liberalization and facilitation generally aim to achieve a common goal of promoting world trade, which in the long run will help to address one of the global problems — an immense
wealth gap between developed and least developed countries. To achieve this goal, both
liberalization and trade facilitation use their own tools, a set of practical measures enshrined
in international legal instruments. At the same time, implementation of these measures often
involves major risks, especially for developing economies. As a result, a strategy for implementing
trade liberalization and facilitation measures needs to be developed, which would
define the sequence of steps for each state individually and would take into account all the
potential difficulties that a state may have while opening up the market. It is also necessary to
create and improve the relevant regulatory and institutional framework for trade relations and
implementation of reforms.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: trade liberalization

value: trade facilitation

value: protectionism

value: trade barriers

value: customs formalities

value: supply chains


title: Orthodox military clergy in World War I

dc.contributor.author

value: Bezik, Georgii, priest

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bezik Yu. I. Orthodox military clergy in World War I. Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 106–116.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the consideration of the role of military priests during
World War I. The starting points are the assertions that with the arrival of Christianity
on the territory of Russia, the state power received a powerful tool of patriotic
education, motivation and stimulation for the processes of defending a civil position
during hostilities during various years in opposition to an external enemy, a
mechanism for calling not only military intelligentsia, but also ordinary citizens and
ordinary soldiers to fight for the Motherland, family, and Russian land. However,
today among modern researchers there is no single point of view regarding the
role of military clergy in World War I, and the opinions of researchers about the
importance of the military clergy in this historical period differ dramatically. On
the basis of the analysis, it was found that the participation of the military clergy in
the context of World War I had both positive and negative factors of influence on
maintaining the fighting spirit, patriotic mood, dedication and desire to protect the
Motherland at all costs among members of the army of the Russian Empire. Despite
the presence of a complex of negative tendencies in the influence of the clergy
during World War I, which was due to a combination of additional external and
internal factors of the disintegration of the institution of the clergy at that time, one
cannot deny the invaluable contribution of the military clergy to Russia’s achievements
in World War I.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 3; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russian military clergy

value: World War I

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: religious and moral education

value: the role of war priests

value: servicemen of the Russian army

value: training of personnel

value: army and church

value: military clergy activities

dc.title

value: Orthodox military clergy in World War I


dc.contributor.author

value: Vorozhevich, Arina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vorozhevich, Arina S. 2021. “Compulsory licensing in favor of the patentholders of dependent pharmaceutical inventions”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 73–98.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the conditions for issuing a compulsory license in favor of the patent holders
of dependent pharmaceutical inventions on the basis of Paragraph 2, Article 1362 of the
Russian Civil Code. The criteria for the relevance of a dependent invention to important technical
advancements with significant economic advantages are disclosed. An analysis of the
emerging Russian court practice on the issuance of compulsory licenses in the pharmaceutical
market, meanwhile, showed that Russian courts lack a clear understanding of when a patent
holder can and cannot apply for a compulsory license. The author proves that compulsory
licensing is an effective mechanism to prevent abuse of the right (first of all, to standard-essential
patent) in the markets of complex innovations (IT, electronics and telecommunications).
At the same time, its implementation on the pharmaceutical market can lead to negative consequences:
discourage pharmaceutical companies to invest in the development of new drugs,
register breakthrough drugs in Russia; reduce foreign investment in the pharmaceutical sector.
In this case, the provision of compulsory licenses should be interpreted as an exceptional
tool. The issuance of a compulsory license in favor of the owner of the dependent invention
can be justified only if such an invention represents a genuine innovation, an important step
in the development of pharmaceuticals. The licensee must offer the market a new drug with
improved characteristics: increased therapeutic efficacy and (or) safety, which has no available
alternatives.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: patent rights

value: patent holder

value: patent misuse

value: compulsory license

value: pharmaceuticals

value: important technical advancement

value: dependent invention

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Khandoga, Nikolay A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khandoga N. A. Is Saint Victorinus of Poetovio the author of the homily “On the ten virgins”? Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 5–23.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The homily “On the ten virgins” for over 100 years has been a controversial work,
since no strong argument has been presented by any scholar in favor of who is its
author. The first group of researchers (for example, A. Wilmart, M. Špelič and M. Veronese)
believes that its author is St. Victorinus of Poetovio, the first latin interpreter of
Holy Scripture. The second group of researchers (for example, M. Dulaey, R. Gryson
and N. A. Khandoga) ascribes it to Pseudo-Victorinus of Poetovio, an unknown Latin
exegete of the Gospel of Matthew. Proceeding from this, the article makes an attempt
at a theological and philological analysis of several quotes from the homily “On the
ten virgins” and the original works of St. Victorinus of Poetovio — the treatise “On the
creation of the world” and the interpretation of “On Revelation” and the fragment “On
the life of Christ” — in order to identify the author of the homily. An important point
in answering the question posed in the title of the article is Christology and eschatology
as there is not one original writing by Victorinus of Poetovio, in which they would
not be given appropriate attention. However, in the homily “On the ten virgins” these
theological themes are not adequately addressed.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 3; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Ante-Nicene period

value: first Latin interpreter

value: early Сhristian homily

value: theological and philological analysis

value: сhristology

value: eschatology

value: symbolic arrhythmology


dc.contributor.author

value: Belinskaya, Elena P.

value: Djuraeva, Malika R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belinskaya E. P., Djuraeva M. R. The relationship between proactive coping with difficult life situations and the level of mindfulness: A cross-cultural analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2021, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 48–62.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The modern understanding of the processes of coping with difficult life situations, emphasizing
the provision of subjective well-being as their function, raises the question of what factors
ensure the final effectiveness of coping strategies. The inconsistency of the available empirical
data on the relationship between personal and situational predictors as well as effective
coping allows us to assume the presence of mediating variables. Their search can be centered
both on the inclusion of parameters of a higher socio-cognitive level in the analysis, and on
the procedural characteristics of coping, one of which is proactivity in coping. The mindfulness
construct seems to meet both of these requirements. The article presents the results of
the preliminary and main stages of an empirical study of the relationship between mindfulness
and proactive coping strategies. During the preliminary stage, the questionnaire “scale
of awareness” was adapted to correspond to the “Western” model of awareness. During the main stage, the results of the relationship of mindfulness indicators according to the “Eastern”
and “Western” models with proactivity strategies in two samples (Moscow — Tashkent) were
obtained, which allowed us to identify certain cultural differences. The results indicate that
there are partial correlations between the indicators of the two mindfulness questionnaires,
which is consistent with existing theoretical concepts and allows us to consider the two models
of mindfulness as stages of a single process. It is shown that in both samples, indicators
of “Western” awareness are associated with the attitude to potential difficulties as a source of
positive experience and with reflection in the event of the occurrence of possible variants of
behavior, cognitive assessment of one’s own resources and prediction of results, as well as with
a proactivity strategy such as the search for instrumental support. Cross-cultural differences
were noted on a scale corresponding to “Eastern” awareness: in the sample of Tashkent, it was
associated with a strategy of proactive coping, and in the sample of Moscow — with reflexive
coping. The obtained relationship between the two types of mindfulness and proactive coping
strategies allows us to conclude that mindfulness has the potential of meta-cognitive function
in the structure of human activity, especially in the situation of evaluating possible life difficulties.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by a financial grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,
project no. 19-013-00612.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: coping with difficult life situations

value: proactive coping

value: coping strategies

value: personal resources of coping

value: mindfulness


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogdanov, Alexey N.

value: Boguslavskaya, Yulia K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogdanov A. N., Boguslavskaya Yu. K. The Russian-American relations on the threshold of the new decade: The challenges and dilemmas. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 112–117.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 14; Issue 1

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Panokin, Aleksandr M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Panokin, Aleksandr M. 2021. “Grounds for the cancellation or amendment of court decisions in criminal cases on appeal”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 1: 52–72.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the legal regulation and practice of applying the grounds of appeal. The
positive and negative sides of the statutory recognition of the grounds of appeal are revealed.
The author comes to the conclusion that when establishing such grounds in the Criminal
Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, the rules of formal logic and systematization of
legislation were violated. The grounds of appeal do not form a unified system, they do not
cover all possible violations that entail the delivery of unjust court decisions. As a result of
the study, it can be affirmed that the absence of appeal grounds will protect the rights of the
individual in criminal proceedings to the maximum extent by maximizing the extension of
the subject of the appeal and verification of court decisions, and it will provide ample opportunity
for the court of appeal to identify and eliminate any violations committed. In addition
to this, it is necessary to increase the requirements for the reasoning of appeals, representations
of professional participants in criminal procedures and the quality of the justification
and motivation of decisions by courts of appeal. The absence of the grounds of appeal makes
it necessary to provide a detailed answer to the arguments of the subjects of the appeal set out
in the complaints, as a result of which the decision of the court of appeal becomes not only
legal, reasonable, motivated and fair, but also convincing. Equally, the absence of such grounds
guarantees the independence of judges and their high professionalism, as well as the demand
for creative potential when reviewing court decisions. In turn, the consolidation in the criminal
procedure law of various grounds for reviewing court decisions that have entered into
legal force will make it possible to limit separate control and verification stages of the criminal
process from each other.

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: grounds of appeal

value: subject of the appeal

value: subject of verification

value: court decisions

value: appeal

value: criminal process


dc.contributor.author

value: Rastvortseva, Alexandra N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rastvortseva A. N. Nord Stream 2 in the mirror of German party discussions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2021, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 97–111.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Russian-German energy relations, which have been continuing for over half a century, are
an important component of bilateral interactions. Since the 1960s of the last century, Russia
and Germany have been strengthening their cooperation, carrying out a large number
of joint projects, setting up enterprises and building gas pipelines. In this article, the
author examines the German internal political discussion around the construction of the
transnational project Nord Stream 2, which, despite the initial approval of both sides, has
repeatedly been the subject of controversy both in the internal and external political arena
of Germany. The project was opposed not only by the Bundestag parties, referring to environmental
problems and political contradictions, but also by European neighbors, as well as
the United States of America, which have their own economic interests in the field of energy
cooperation with Germany. The article presents an analysis of the discourse on this issue,
based on the statements of the main politicians in Germany, party members at meetings
of the Bundestag, as well as on information published in the German-language electronic
media in the context of political pressure through the institutions of the European community
and sanctions policy from the United States. The author comes to the conclusion that,
despite the polarity of opinions on the construction of the gas pipeline, not only in internal
political discussions, but also at the international level, Germany, while maintaining obligations
to implement this project, is guided by its own political and economic doctrine and is able to make decisions, contrary to pressure from states with their own interests in this area
of interaction.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: Germany

value: energy cooperation

value: Nord Stream 2

value: pipeline

value: party discussions

value: political and economic interests


dc.contributor.author

value: Khitruk, Ekaterina B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khitruk E. B. On the road to Emmaus: Evangelism in postmodern age. Issues of Theology, 2021, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 86–96.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the problem of comparing the basic premises of the philosophy
of postmodernism and religious worldview, in particular, the Christian doctrine.
The heuristic potential of the concept of “kenosis” is revealed in the works
of the Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo as applied to the interpretation of the
history of philosophy simultaneously in the context of Christian doctrine and philosophy
of postmodernism. In the context of the Christian doctrine, kenosis means
“exhaustion” of God as His voluntary descent into the world through incarnation
and death on the cross for the salvation of people. This is a specifically Christian
thesis closely related to the unique tenets of Christian theology, anthropology, and
soteriology. Vattimo considers it possible to use the concept of kenosis as a basis for
understanding the relationship between Christianity and postmodernity, since it is
in the perspective of Divine “exhaustion” that the true nature of the evangelism is
revealed, which cannot be reduced to an ontotheological metanarrative. The article
also proposes the concept of a historical interpretation of the Gospel in the works of
the modern British biblical scholar Nicholas Thomas Wright as one of the possible
strategies for explicating the “intersection points” between postmodern philosophy
and Christian theology. It is concluded that the assertion about the antagonism and
incompatibility of postmodernism and Christianity is superficial and this issue requires
a more careful and comprehensive study.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 3; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: religion

value: Christianity

value: theology

value: postmodernism

value: biblical studies

value: kenosis

value: weak thought

dc.type

value: Article