dc.contributor.author

value: Vatrushkina, Elena V.

value: Tuchkova, Marianna I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vatrushkina, E. V., Tuchkova, M. I. (2020). Lithology of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous deposits of the eastern part of the Myrgovaam and Rauchua depressions, Western Chukotka. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 717–739.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous deposits were formed on the southwestern margin of the
Chukotka terrane in an active tectonic environment. Their stratigraphic units are characterized
by sedimentary structures and lithological similarities, facies variation and scarcity of reliable
fauna findings. Detailed lithological studies are necessary due to the absence of a unified approach
to the stratigraphic division of deposits. This paper presents petrographic, geochemical,
and isotope-geochemical characteristics of Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous rocks. The
stages of changing sedimentation conditions and sources, which determined the differences in
sedimentological features and the composition of the studied strata, are reconstructed. The Oxford-
Kimmeridgian section is composed of sandy debris flow deposits with an arkosic composition
of psammitic differences. Among their sources, ancient granitoids dominated, while siliciclastic
rocks, volcanites and metamorphic complexes were secondary. The Volgian-Valanginian
interval is characterized by the accumulation of sediments in various parts of the submarine fan.
In Volgian sequences fine-, medium- and coarse-grained turbidites with lenses of small-pebble
conglomerates are identified. A large amount of simultaneous pyroclastic material in the Volgian
deposits indicates synchronous volcanic activity. In the Volgian period, the province was dominated
by volcanites, mainly of basaltic and andesitic composition; siliciclastic rocks were present
in a smaller amount. The Berriasin section is composed of fine-grained turbidites with single
horizons of medium-grained turbidites and gravelitic lenses, as well as slope deposits in the form
of rhythmically interbedded sandstones and mudstones with slump structures. Sandstones have
greywacke composition and contain an admixture of ash material in the matrix. The main sources for Berriasian deposits were siliciclastic rocks and felsic volcanic complexes. The Valanginian
section is represented by fine- and medium-grained turbidites with horizons of amalgamated
sandstones. Sandstones are classified as arkoses by the ratio of rock-forming components. The
dominant source in the Valanginian time was ancient granitoids, while siliciclastic rocks and
volcanites were secondary.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out within the framework of the theme on the State Assignment of the GIN
RAS with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 18-77-10073.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 4

value: Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous

value: sandy debris flow

value: turbidites

value: petrography

value: sedimentary geochemistry

value: provenance

value: Western Chukotka

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Imaev, Valery S.

value: Imaeva, Lyudmila P.

value: Koz’min, Boris M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Imaev, V. S., Imaeva, L. P., Koz’min, B. M. (2020). Strong Ulakhan-Chistay earthquake (Ms = 5.7) January 20, 2013 in the zone of influence Ulakhan fault system in North East Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 740–759.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper we present the results of the interpretation of seismological, geologic-structural,
seismotectonic and macroseismic data obtained for the focal zone of the strong Ulakhan-
Chistay earthquake (Ms = 5.7), which occurred on January 20, 2013, in the Chersky
seismotectonic zone on the boundary of the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates.
The shock occurred in the zone of a large Ulakhan fault, which is visible in satellite images
and can be seen in the topography between the Indigirka and Kolyma Rivers at a distance
of 1,500 km. Statistics of seismic observations in the last century and at the beginning of
this century show that more than 14,000 local events were noted in the zone of influence
of the Ulakhan fault within the crust (~ 35 km thick) at a depth of 7–30 km. The epicentral
intensity of more than ten of them reached 6–8 on the Russian scale (MSK-64). In addition
to high seismicity, additional geodynamic indicators of the reactivation of the Ulakhan fault
in modern times were identified — in particular, high heat flux, icing processes, paleo- and
modern seismic dislocations, etc. The macro effects of this event were studied on an area of
300,000 square kilometers in three Arctic regions of Yakutia and in the south of the Magadan
region; its epicenter is located by the proximity to the well-preserved paleoseismic dislocation
Uryun-Takh-Takh, which arose more than a thousand years ago and is clearly visible in the
search system of Google. As a result, a structural-dynamic model of the Ulakhan fault zone
is proposed, explaining the occurrence of the Ulakhan-Chistay earthquake on the basis of
the kinematic scheme of the Omulevsky block, which is undergoing extrusion by a collision
between the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates in Northeast Asia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
within the framework of scientific project No. 19-05-00062, project IZK SB RAS (No. 346-2018-0001) and
IGABM SB RAS (No. 0381-2019-0001), as well as the program of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences
of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for a comprehensive study of its territory.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: seismicity

value: focal mechanisms of earthquakes

value: active faults

value: paleoseismic dislocations

value: lithospheric plates in Northeast Asia

value: extrusion of tectonic blocks

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Golubkin, Pavel A.

value: Smirnova, Julia E.

value: Kolyada, Vsevolod S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Golubkin, P. A., Smirnova, Ju. E., Kolyada, V. S. (2020). Sea surface temperature changes due to polar lows over the Nordic Seas. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 654–661.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this study we analyzed possible changes in sea surface temperature (SST) caused by the
passage of polar lows. Polar lows are extreme atmospheric phenomena inherent to high latitudes.
They develop sea surface wind speeds from 15 m/s up to hurricane force values and are
characterized by small sizes (on average, 300 km) and lifetimes (less than two days), which
complicates their detection and study. It is assumed that as in case of tropical cyclones, which
may considerably lower SST due to intense mixing and entrainment of colder waters to the
ocean upper mixed layer, polar lows could similarly influence SST. Moreover, in high latitude
areas, where salt stratification may be present instead of temperature stratification, SST may
increase due to mixing with a deeper warmer layer. In this study 330 polar lows were analyzed
using satellite passive microwave radiometer measurements of SST. As a result, 47 cases were
found in which average SST values changed in polar low forcing areas. Out of these cases, in
six cases an SST increase of at least 0.5 °С was found, and in fifteen cases an SST decrease of
at least 0.5 °С was found. This indicates that upper ocean response to polar lows is quite a rare
phenomenon, which should be further analyzed along with its possible role in the ocean-iceatmosphere
system.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work is supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-77-10122).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: polar low

value: sea surface temperature

value: Nordic Seas

value: remote sensing


dc.contributor.author

value: Kozyreva, Nelly V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kozyreva N. V. New Sources on the History of Larsa: Letters of King Sumuel. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 534–555.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In 2018, A. R. George published a transliteration and translation of a large group of cuneiform
letters, including more than 30 letters written in the name of king of Larsa Sumuel (1894–
1866 BC) and his entourage. Letters were written at the very end of the reign of king Sumuel,
when the long-standing rivalry between Larsa and its northern neighbor Isin intensified. King
of Isin Erra-imitti, apparently tried to cut off Larsa from direct control over the water resources
of the Euphrates, and his soldiers made constant raids on the border territories of Larsa.
Sumuel in his letters exchanges information with the senior officers about the movement of
the enemy, gives orders for the deployment of military units, for urgent construction of defensive
structures, supplying military garrisons with grain, reconstruction of city walls damaged
during enemy raids etc. When making decisions of a military and strategic nature, Sumuel,
like other rulers of that time, tried to follow the will of the gods, the reflection of which could
be “read” on the liver of the sacrificial animal. Documents published by A. George represent
a valuable addition to a very meager collection of cuneiform sources from Larsa in the mid —
19th century BC. Their study makes it possible to trace the methods of government and warfare
used by king Sumuel, and sheds new light on the dramatic events that ended the reign of
this king.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

value: Оld Babylonian period

value: Sumuel

value: king of Larsa

value: water resources

value: military conflicts

value: predictions

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Skvorcov, Artyom M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Skvorcov A. M. Department of Classical Languages and Literature of the LIPLH: Creation and Organization of the Educational Process. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 394–410.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is based on the records of the Leningrad Institute of Philosophy, Linguistics and
History (LIPLH), which are kept in the Central State Archive of Literature and Arts of St. Petersburg,
as well as unpublished memoir notes by the first head of the Department of Classical
Languages, O. M. Freudenberg. Chronological framework of the research — 1932–1937 —
the time of the existence of the Department as part of LIPLH. The Department of Classical
Languages and Literatures, re-founded in 1932, became a uniting link between the pre-revolutionary
generation of philologists and the young generation formed in the 1920s. Here merged
traditional methods and approaches to the teaching of ancient languages and Marxist innovations,
such as focus on ‘practicality’, and a combination arose of the earlier individual forms
of research with the new collective ones (publication of general works). The article argues
that the appointment of O. M. Freudenberg as the head of the department was quite expected,
for she was a singularly appropriate figure for the communist establishment. The author also
comes to the conclusion that the full interruption of the traditions of learning and teaching
of classical languages in Leningrad in the late 1920s — early 1930s never happened, and that
the department has become a successor to similar institutions that functioned earlier in the
frame of the ‘cycle’ of ancient history at the Faculty of Linguistics and Material Culture of the
LSU, as well as at the Research Institute for Comparative History of Literatures and Languages
of the West and East of the LSU, and at the State Institute of Speech Culture. The author also
draws the conclusion that the opening/closing of the departments in the 1930s was not only a
consequence of the activities of government structures but also of the internal conflicts of the
scholarly community.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article has been prepared with the support of the Foundation for Advanced Scientific Research
(FSPR) of Chelyabinsk State University. Project number 70-1, 04.02.2020. Project title: “Historical experience
of forming the model of the Russian dissertation system”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: classical philology in the USSR

value: LIPLH

value: O. M. Freudenberg

value: philological education

value: classical studies


dc.contributor.author

value: Strukova, Polina E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strukova P. E. Artificial Intelligence in China: The Current State of Industry and Development Trends. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 588–606.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Currently, in many countries of the world, developments in the field of artificial intelligence
are given priority. Among the main countries competing for leadership in this area, China is
gaining more and more weight, surpassing the United States of America in America who is
considered the undisputed market leader. Despite tight government control and generous financial
support for the artificial intelligence sector, which leads to the industry’s boom, China
faces certain difficulties in developing this high-tech industry. Some of these difficulties are
due to historical factors, while others are due to the state of the industry’s market. The country’s
leaders are planning to overcome some of them by reforming related industries and introducing
specific approaches to strengthen the position of Chinese companies involved in developments
in machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, computer vision
fields, as well as working on projects in the field of big data analysis, autonomous intelligent
systems, etc. This article provides an overview of the current state of the artificial intelligence
industry in China and analyzes the recent trends of this market in China.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: artificial intelligence

value: China

value: economy

value: commercialization

value: state


title: Paradise for Venus

dc.contributor.author

value: Egorova, Sophia K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorova S. K. A Paradise for Venus. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 277–291.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Though the buying pieces of the Classic and Italian art of the Petrine time seemed to lack
strategy, one can perceive some tendencies that show an aim to create what the German call
Antikensammlung, a collection of Classic art kept at the royal court and organized under museum
principles. One of plausible proves of this activity is an unfulfilled project made by Iuriy
Kologrivov, who was busy buying pieces of art for the Imperial compilation in Rome. Having
acquired some education as an architect, he proposed to Peter the Great an extant draft of the
Venus’ Gallery meant to adorn his residence. For the center of the composition the statue of
the Tauride Venus was chosen. Whereas this masterpiece was purchased by chance almost
last of all, the average quality of the whole collection seems to be rather high, the display having
been planned not as decorative one, but as an exhibition based on both art and historic
principles. Some new for Petrine culture context traits include discrete exposition of Classic
statues (and their copies) and modern Italian pieces along with presence of several statues of
the same character (untypical for garden and interior decorative style of the period). This way
of thinking coms back to Kologrivov’s culture experience gathered in Italy and even in a shape
of an unrealized proposal is an interesting example of a classic art museum space and reflected
the latest trends in perception of the Antiquity in Russia and Europe in the beginning of the
18th century.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-012-42005.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Petrine cultural revolution

value: Tauride Venus

value: Kologrivov

value: art collections

value: classics in Russia

dc.title

value: Paradise for Venus

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kaiyrken, Tursynkhan Z.

value: Makhat, Danagul A.

value: Kadyskyzy, Aigul

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kaiyrken T. Z., Makhat D. A., Kadyskyzy A. Chinese Historian Su Beihai’s Manuscript about the History of Kazakh People in Central Asia: Historical and Source Study Analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 556–572.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses the research work of Chinese scientist Su Beihai on Kazakh history, one
of the oldest nationalities in Eurasia. This work has been preserved as a manuscript and
its main merit is the study of Kazakh history from early times to the present. Moreover, it
shows Chinese scientists’ attitude to Kazakh history. Su Beihai’s scientific analysis was written
in the late 1980s in China. At that time, Kazakhstan was not yet an independent country.
Su Beihai drew on various works, on his distant expedition materials and demonstrated
with facts that Kazakh people living in their modern settlements have a 2,500-year history.
Although the book was written in accordance with the principles of Chinese communist
historiography, Chinese censorship prevented its publication. Today, Kazakh scientists are
approaching the end of their study and translation of Su Beihai’s manuscript. Therefore,
the article first analyses the most important and innovative aspects of this work for Kazakh
history. It focuses on the stages of Kazakh history, traditions of statehood, economy, and
culture. The Chinese scientist`s research on Kazakh history goes back to the ancient Saka
period, to modern southern Kazakhstan, the emergence of the states of Dayuezhi and Wusuns
in Zhetisu, Kangli state, the West Turkic Kaganate, the Turkic steppe, unification of
Kara khan and Kara kidan (Western Liao), Genghis Khan’s invasion into Central Asia and
the Kazakh steppes, Russian colonization, resettlement of Kazakhs in Russia and the Man
Qin Empire, and others. In addition to Su Beihai’s positive research on the entire Kazakh
history, the article provides critical reviews in the historiographical and source-study of
several Chinese-centrist points of view.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared within the framework of the project by the Ministry of Education and
Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan no. AP 05133970 ‘Collection, Systematization, and Studying of
Manuscripts Concerning the History of Kazakhstan in the Chinese Language: A General History of Kazakhs
(four volumes of manuscripts) written by Su Beihai’. In the article, the scientists of the L. N. Gumilyov
Eurasian National University studied the manuscript by the Chinese historian Su Beihai from the point
of view of historiography and source study by the state order, and translated it into Kazakh language. In
addition, the article reflects the novelty, shortcomings and mistakes of the manuscript.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Kazakh History

value: Su Beihai

value: Kazakh ethnogenesis

value: Kazakh khanate

value: Russian colonialism


dc.contributor.author

value: Benson, Peace

dc.identifier.citation

value: Benson P. A Description of Dzә (Jenjo) Nouns and Noun Phrases, an Adamawa Language of Northeastern Nigeria. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 490–504.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Dzə [jen] is an Adamawa language spoken in some parts of Taraba, Adamawa and Gombe
states in Northeastern Nigeria. The study presented in the article syntactically describes nouns
and noun phrases in Dzə. In an attempt to document Dzə and taking into consideration that
Dzə is an under-investigated and under-documented language, the result will provide important
data to typological research and to linguists working on Adamawa languages. The study
adopts a descriptive research design in collecting, describing and analyzing the data. The data
was obtained from fieldwork in December 2014, personal observations of daily conversations,
introspection and the Dzə Bible. In the article, a brief overview of the phonology and tone of
Dzə is provided. It also shows the different kinds of nouns, pronouns and noun phrases in Dzə;
simple and complex noun phrases. The language is rich in pronouns, consisting of subject pronouns,
object pronouns, reflexive pronouns, interrogative pronouns and possessive pronouns.
As it is with most African languages, the elements that constitute a noun phrase occur after
the head noun. These elements are articles, demonstratives, possessives, adjectives, numerals,
quantifiers, genitive constructions (inalienable and alienable possessives) and relative clauses.
This is a preliminary study of Dzə and it is open for further research and contributions.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Dzə

value: nouns

value: noun phrases

value: Jenjo

value: Adamawa


dc.identifier.citation

value: Classical Antiquity in Russia: Editors’ Note on the Special Issue. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 171–172.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mustafaev, Agababa A.

value: Gertner, Igor F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mustafaev, A. A., Gertner, I. F. (2020). Isotope-geochemical (Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr, REE, HFSE) composition of the University foidolite-gabbro pluton, Kuznetsk Alatau ridge, Siberia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 65 (4), 681–701.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The University foidolite-gabbro pluton is located among the Cambrian carbonate-volcanogenic
deposits. Its composition is dominated by subalkaline and alkaline mafic rocks, broken
by dikes of ijolite-urtites, nepheline and alkaline syenites. The chemical composition of
igneous rocks is characterized by low silica contents (SiO2 = 41–49 wt. %), wide variations
of alkalinity (Na2O + K2O = 3–19 wt. %; Na2O/K2O = 1.2–7.2 wt. %), low titanium content
(TiO2 = 0.07–1.59 wt. %) and high alumina content (Al2O3 = 15–28 wt. %), which corresponds
to the K-Na derivatives of the basic-alkaline formation. By their content of rare earth elements,
alkaline rocks (104–246 ppm; La/Yb(n) = 5.79–12.73) are more differentiated derivatives
than gabbro (94–111 ppm; La/Yb(n) = 6.87–6.95). All varieties are characterized by low
concentrations of most highly charged elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, +Y), which in terms of accumulation
are located between the basalts of oceanic islands and basalts of island arcs. The
presence of negative Nb–Ta anomaly and the relative enrichment of Rb, Ba, Sr, and U indicate
the probable interaction of plume material with previously formed accretionary complexes of
subduction zones. The primary isotope 87Sr/86Sr ratio (~ 0.705–0.706) and a wide range of εNd
(T) from +3.2 to +8.7 in the rocks also indicate a mantle-crustal nature and a complex geodynamic
setting of the Paleozoic alkaline magmatism of the Kuznetsk Alatau. The obtained
results of Sm–Nd dating suggest the formation of subalkaline gabbroids in the Early Paleozoic
(494–491 ± 36 Ma), with the intrusion of dikes of alkaline rocks of the Middle Paleozoic age
(394 ± 16 and 389 ± 37 Ma).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The geochemical study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 19-35-
90030). Isotope-geochronological studies were carried out at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation
(project No. 18-17-00240). Clarification of the geological structure of the massif was carried out at the
expense of the State Task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project
No. 0721-2020-0041).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 65; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: subalkaline and alkaline magmatism

value: Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr isotope geochronology

value: geochemistry

value: mantle plume

value: accretionary complex

value: Kuznetsk Alatau


dc.contributor.author

value: Makhmutova, Maria M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makhmutova M. I. The Features of the Domestic Political Development of Mauritania during the Reign of Mohammed Ould Abdel Aziz (2009–2019). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 607–621.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the study of domestic political development of Mauritania during
the ten years President Mohammed Ould Abdel Aziz’s reign (2009–2019). The author focuses
on the main challenges to the regime supported by the military junta, as well as on the key
reasons for its preservation, despite the presence of sharp contradictions within the state. The
army, entrenched in power structures, had to face such problems as terrorism from Al-Qaeda,
the Arab spring, and the assassination attempt on the president. At the same time, the country’s
authorities were able to address these problems through a tough fight against extremism.
One cannot fail to note the introduction of the practice of expanding the circle of parties loyal
to the president and the national dialogue with the opposition, which not only contributed to
the legitimization of Abdel Aziz’s personality, but also continued his political activity. This occurred
while most regimes in the Arab East either fell or were faced with lengthy civil wars. In
addition, the author notes that the elections and referendum, as elements of democracy, have
been used more than once by Abdel Aziz to advance his interests, despite protests and criticism
from opposition parties. In fact, in 2017, the country’s leadership was able to rewrite the
constitution for itself and subjugate the legislative and judicial branches of the government. It
is worth stating that Abdel Aziz became the first head of state who, in the entire modern history
of Mauritania, was able to ensure a peaceful transfer of power after the end of the second
presidential term. This decision did not force citizens to experience another coup d’état and
political instability. In general, the author comes to the conclusion that the rule of Abdel Aziz
had two main features: the desire to retain all the levers of power and, if political instability is
brewing, to initiate negotiations with the opposition. These contradictions were not resolved,
and the pendulum constantly swung depending on the domestic political background in the
country.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Mauritania

value: Nouakchott

value: Mohammed Ould Abdel Aziz

value: Union for the Republic

value: Tawassul

value: Muslim Brotherhood


dc.contributor.author

value: Sadzińska, Ewa

value: Sadziński, Witold

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sadzińska E., Sadziński W. Ekphrasis by Aleksandr Kushner and the Reception of Antiquity in the Russian Poetry of the 21st Century. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 354–370.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines some of the features of A. Kushner’s reception of antiquity. The antique
layer is an important component of the poetry of the St. Petersburg poet, starting with his
very first poems of the 1960s. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the poem “Перед
лучшей в мире конной статуей…” (“In front of the world’s best equestrian statue”, 2008) in
connection with the problem of literary ekphrasis. The theoretical part of the article clarifies
the meaning of “ekphrasis” and gives a brief overview of the most significant concepts that
exist in modern science. The term appeared in antiquity, in the XIX century it was used in
classical philology, and from the twentieth century it was applied to the analysis of the literature
of modern times. The actualization of the term has significantly expanded the scope of
the concept and its application. Modern authors use the possibilities of ekphrasis in different
ways. In its most common form the emphasis is shifted from describing the work of art itself to
describing a subjective impression (in poetry, works of art are usually mentioned more often
than described in detail). The analytical part confirms the relevance of the ekphrastic principle
in relation to different levels of the poem. The cultural-historical paradigm of the poetic image
of an equestrian statue/statues that are present in Kushner’s poem in explicit or implicit form is reconstructed. The specificity and functions of antique intertexts are revealed. The article
exposes not only obvious allusions correlated with the monument to Marcus Aurelius, but also
implicit reminiscences referring to the philosophy of the Roman Stoics.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was financially supported by the Philological Faculty of the University of Łódź (Fund for
the Development of the Faculty of Philology, University of Łódź; Project: “Poetics of Space in Aleksandr
Kushner’s Lyricism”, 2019-2020).

dc.language.iso

value: de

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russian Literature

value: Aleksandr Kushner

value: Reception of Antiquity

value: Stoicism

value: Marcus Aurelius

value: Equestrian statue

value: Ekphrasis

value: Intertextuality

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zeltchenko, Vsevolod V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zeltchenko V. V. Classical Allusions in the Russian Poetry of the Early 20th Century: A Critical Survey of Research Practices. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 331–353.

dc.description.abstract

value:
As befits a proper Renaissance, the revival of Russian poetry in late 19th — early 20th century
was marked by an increasing interest in Greco-Roman antiquity. The vigorous and enthusiastic
exploration of classical subjects, motifs and topoi, from accurate stylization to radical rethink ing, emerged as an important feature of Russian modernist poetics. It is thus not surprising
that the last decades have seen multiple and various investigations into classical reminiscences
in Silver age poetry. The author of this polemical survey aims to draw attention to the vulnerable
aspects of such research practices and to formulate a “code of conduct” for studying intertextual
parallels between ancient authors and the Russian poets of the early Novecento. The
paper was written in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of the methodologically important
but not sufficiently well-known book by M. L. Gasparov Antichnost’ v russkoi poezii nachala
XX veka (“Antiquity in the Russian Poetry of the Early 20th Century”). It examines such questions
as the development and limits of knowledge about antiquity among the Russian litterati,
the link between reception studies and the history of classical education, the ranking and
weighing of intertextual parallels, the search for the intermediate sources, the importance of
translations of ancient authors into European languages, the need to incorporate philological
scholarship contemporary to the author and not the researcher, etc. The discussion is interspersed
with case studies proposing new (or complementing old) interpretations of the poems
by Ossip Mandel’shtam, Vladimir Shileiko, Vasilii Komarovskii et al.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-112-50225.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian poetry of the early 20th century

value: classical allusions

value: reception

value: commentary

value: intertextuality


dc.identifier.citation

value: Страны Большого Ближнего Востока во внешнеполитической стратегии России: Сборник статей / под ред. А. И. Абалян. — СПб.: Изд-во Санкт-Петербургского университета, 2020. — 176 с.

dc.description.abstract

value:
В сборник вошли избранные материалы выступлений участников международной научной конференции «Страны Большого Ближнего Востока во внешнеполитической стратегии Российской Федерации» (26–28 марта 2019 года), приуроченной к 10-летию создания факультета политологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета. Особое внимание уделено стратегическим интересам России на Большом Ближнем Востоке: роли России в урегулировании арабо-израильского конфликта, перспективам урегулирования cирийского кризиса, иранскому фактору в региональных международных отношениях на Ближнем Востоке, гуманитарным связям России со странами Ближнего Востока.
Во время подготовки сборника к публикации ушел из жизни старейший преподаватель факультета, профессор, доктор философских наук Джамал Зейнутдинович Мутагиров. Авторы посвящают свои работы коллеге, другу и учителю.
Издание предназначено для политологов и всех, кто интересуется мировым политическим процессом.

dc.title

filename: 120086_Страны Большого Ближнего Востока в печать.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Babich, I. L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Babich I. L. ‘Professional Adaptation of North Caucasians in Emigration (1920–1930s, France)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1005–1018.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article considers models of the professional arrangement of North Caucasian émigrés in France
in the 1920s and 1930s. Using new archival and field ethnographic materials, we explore the social and political
activities of North Caucasians as a profession and as a view of life; and the activities of the Caucasian group of oil
owners (leader — Nobel), who before the Revolution were engaged in oil production in the Caucasus or owned
shares of oil firms. France had the most cars in Europe for the 1920s and 1930s. Therefore, it was not surprising
that many emigrants from Russia, including North Caucasians, began working as chauffeurs, taxi drivers, and
auto mechanics. In addition, they often became employees of auto factories (e. g. as specialists and laborers).
Since there were many military people among North Caucasian émigrés, many they decided to join the French
Foreign Legion. Emigrants from the North Caucasus pursued publishing, literary, journalistic, scientific, and
teaching activities. In Russia many North Caucasians received a legal education but could not work as lawyers
in France. Medical activity was also rare. In emigration there were several North Caucasians who became artists,
singers, and dancers who performed in restaurants opened by North Caucasians. The children of the first wave
of North Caucasian emigrants, as a rule, received higher education in France, and many of them managed to
obtain excellent careers.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: France

value: North Caucasus

value: Russia

value: Soviet Power

value: Paris

value: emigrants

value: arсhives

value: oil

value: foreign Caucasian delegations


dc.contributor.author

value: Niyazov, Niyazi Sabir ogly

dc.identifier.citation

value: Niyazov N. S. Foreign policies of the CIS states: А new perspective? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 536–539.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Review on the book: Degterev, D. and Kurylev, K. (2019), Foreign Policies of the CIS States. Boulder:
Lynne Rienner Publishers. 489 p.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozova, T. I.

value: Shishkin, V. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozova T. I., Shishkin V. I. ‘Communist Party of Bolsheviks as a Soviet Social Elevator in the Context of the New Economic Policy’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 902– 932.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The authors analyze and interpret the processes that occurred during the New Economic Policy
(NEP) period in the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) (RCP(b)) — All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks)
(AUCP(b)) as a “social elevator” from the standpoint of the theory of social mobility. The article takes into account
the achievements of national historiography and is based on a wide range of published and unpublished sources.
The authors reveal conditions that the party leadership imposed on those who wanted to “enter” the elevator; the
number and social composition of replacements; the mechanisms, instruments, and procedures used to carry
out movements between floors, as well as the volume of these movements; the transformation of the party as a
social elevator; and its impact on mobility in Soviet society. The authors conclude that, thanks to the mass recruitment
of workers, the height of the party pyramid quickly increased, and its structure and profile became more
complex, which increased the potential for internal mobility. The forced promotion of young Communists into
leading party bodies and the expansion of the number of party committees artificially caused upward intra-party
mobility and the formation of a new generation of middle-level elites. The use of the nomenklatura system for
appointing to the upper floors of the party hierarchy completed the process of rebuilding the RCP(b) — AUCP(b)
as a social elevator controlled by Stalin’s Central Committee. As a result, by the end of NEP, the party’s influence
social stratification in Soviet society became decisive.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: New Economic Policy

value: Communist party

value: party leadership

value: social elevator

value: mobility

value: nomenclature system

value: elite


dc.contributor.author

value: Leenders, Anna Maria

value: Grishin, Nikolai V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Leenders A. M., Grishin N. V. United Nations institutions for the development of digital cooperation. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 493–504.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of a study of the characteristics of modern institutions created by
the United Nations (UN) in the framework of the direction of activities on digital cooperation. The
methodological basis of the research is constructivism as one of the approaches to the study of
international relations. The creation of international institutions for digital development can be
explained within the framework of the constructivist approach as a manifestation of the priority of
values and standards as well as adherence to the logic of public good and societal benefit. For
the first time in scientific literature, an analysis of institutions such as the Global Forum on Internet
Governance and the UN Secretary General’s High Level Group on Digital Cooperation is presented.
The implementation of initiatives for the creation of international institutions considered, and
the choice of their institutional design, became possible only with the support of the governments
of Member States. The institutional infrastructure that is created significantly increases the opportunities
for non-state actors to participate in global politics and exercise direct influence on the
UN. The process of preparing the UN Roadmap for Digital Cooperation was accompanied by the
creation of unprecedented institutional forms that allowed for the involvement of a wide range of
stakeholders. The digital revolution and the subsequent rapidity of communications and transformation
of forms of interaction cause and facilitate the new institutional forms and necessitate the
developmental policy reforms. The algorithm for discussing the report of the High-Level Group,
which ensures a balanced and diversified participation of state and non-state actors in the preparation
of international recommendations, is particularly innovative.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: UN

value: digital cooperation

value: digital development

value: international organizations

value: constructivism


dc.contributor.author

value: Krivosheev, Yu. V.

value: Sokolov, R. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krivosheev Yu. V., Sokolov R. A. ‘Expeditions in Search of the Site of the Battle on the Ice (Based on the G. N. Karayev Expeditionary Diaries)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 964–975.

dc.description.abstract

value:
An assessment of the reliability of results obtained during the work of the Combined Expedition, aimed
at clarifying the location of the Battle on the Ice of 1242, has gained particular relevance over the last decades.
Unpublished sources still not in scholarly circulation, especially diaries kept by expedition leader G. N. Karayev
in 1956–1960, but these have a great significance for studying this problem. An analysis of their content allows
ones to specify that at the first stage (in 1956) there was preliminary research (field trip, examining data from
historical studies on the microregional geography, collecting information from locals). In 1957, thanks to the efforts
of G. N. Karayev, specialized organizations were involved in performing such tasks as diving work, and after
1958 the expedition’s significantly expanded activities were done under auspices of the Academy of Sciences of
the USSR. Documents preserved in the archive indicate that all the observations were carried out according to
plan and were thoroughly recorded. Moreover, research that required special skills (diving work skills, work with
equipment, etc.) were carried out exclusively by the people with special training. The documents also convey the
emotional atmosphere that used to rule in this expedition: enthusiasm and the desire of participants to qualitatively
complete the task.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Georgii Karaev

value: Battle of the Ice

value: Alexander Nevsky

value: expedition

value: Pskov

value: state museum-reserve

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bhagwat, Jawahar

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bhagwat J. Cooperation between Russia and India in the Arctic: A pipedream or a strategic necessity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 488–506.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the article is to explore areas of cooperation between Russia and India with specific
reference to the Arctic. The Russian Federation has sought strategic partners for the development
of the Arctic, with it’s primary focus being the development of the oil and gas industry
and the Northern Sea Route (NSR). Russia and India have had diplomatic relations in
diverse spheres such as space, atomic energy, defense, and the petroleum industry. Russia’s
focus on the Arctic ushers in many more opportunities for cooperation. India is one of the few
countries to which Russia has accorded investment opportunities in the oil and gas and the
diamond industry. As a result, India has made significant investments in Russia’s oil and gas
industry. The article highlights that the energy deficit in India is critical, value of imports is
rising and this consequently affects the development of the country. Oil production has been
declining marginally and gas production is almost static. There is therefore a need to sign diverse
long-term contracts for petroleum products like China has been doing with Russia. The
article also suggests that there is a case for increased Indian investment in the Arctic in diverse
spheres. The need for greater cooperation in scientific research, development of the NSR and
possible utilisation of the enormous technically qualified human resources that India has in
diverse areas of the Arctic is noted. The article based upon systemic and comparative analysis
concludes that Russia-India cooperation in the Arctic is a strategic necessity.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: India

value: Arctic

value: natural resources

value: cooperation


dc.contributor.author

value: Singh, Akanksha

dc.identifier.citation

value: Singh A. Brzezinski and Mackinder theories: Role and influence on the political construction of Eurasia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 527–535.

dc.description.abstract

value:
International relations theories act as the guiding lantern to provide a simple yet powerful description
of international phenomena such as war, expansionism, alliances and cooperation.
Thus, the primary objective of this article is to analyze international relations theories, their
roles and influence on global politics hereby bridging the gap between the abstract world of
theory and the real world of policy. The article utilizes the Grand Chess Board and Heartland
theories on the regional geopolitical processes in Eurasia. The core argument of the article is
that theoretical perception creates regional identities, and states use these emerged identities
to influence geopolitical traditions. The Grand Chess Board theory of Brzezinski states that in
order to sustain its position as a global hegemon, the US needs to control and manage Eurasia.
Moreover, this article analyses American foreign policy in Eurasia under the umbrella of the
Grand Chess Board theory. The Chinese strategy towards Eurasia through the prism of Mackinder’s
Heartland theory is also explored. By analyzing initiatives such as One Belt One Road
(OBOR), the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the energy push in Central Asia, this
article can serve as an examination into the Chinese taking up the mantle of the heartland to
emerge as the land power of the 21st century.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: geopolitics

value: foreign policy

value: international relations theory

value: China

value: Central Asia

value: Eurasia

value: USA


dc.contributor.author

value: Kalashnikova, Sofia K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalashnikova S. K. Regional identity politics: The image of St. Petersburg in the discourse of regional leaders. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 505–517.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the issues of studying the processes of constructing regional identity. The
existence of a consistent, logical and conceptual uniform regional identity policy is the basis for
the implementation of a number of key tasks required for the stable development of a region. Definitions
of such categories as “identity”, “identity policy” and “regional identity” are provided. The
author adheres to the position of social constructivism, detailing the main points of this methodology.
The article also provides a brief overview of empirical research on the relevant topic. One
popular trend among Russian scientists is the analysis of discursive practices in the context of
studying the features of symbolic politics at both the national and regional levels. In the empirical
part of the work, the author attempted to identify symbolic grounds for the reconstruction of the
image of St. Petersburg and the image of the community by using discourse analysis of public
speeches by the regional governors. The author identified typical fragments of discourse that
form the continuity of the declared image of St. Petersburg and its inhabitants. Regional identity
politics in St. Petersburg has the same problems as at the national level. On the one hand, it offers
an innovative image of the city’s future that is oriented towards European values (“comfort”, “high
quality of life”), and on the other hand, the authorities actively promote symbols of the Soviet past.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR and EISR, project number 20-011-32286.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 4

value: symbolic politics

value: identity politics

value: regional identity

value: image of the region

value: discourse analysis of politicians’ speeches

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Godunov, K. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Godunov K. V. ‘The Сelebration of the First Anniversary of the October Revolution and the Red Terror: Legitimizing of Revolutionary Violence’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 976–988.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author explores how attitudes toward the Red Terror and activities of the Cheka were manifested
during celebrations of the first anniversary of the October Revolution. Based on a study of speeches by Bolshevik
leaders, propaganda materials related to the festival, discussions at various levels, and characteristics about the
holiday provided by opponents and enemies of the ruling party, the author demonstrates what arguments were used for legitimation and delegitimation of the Red Terror. The author analyzes the discussion by D. B. Ryazanov
and G. E. Zinovev on the correlation of terror and the holiday; characterizes the position of V. I. Lenin and other
prominent Bolsheviks who used the holiday as a resource to discuss the powers of the Cheka; and describes
positions of opponents to the Bolsheviks. The significance of one of the first political amnesties in Soviet history,
dedicated to the celebration of the October Revolution, is described. Prominent Bolsheviks perceived the role of
terror in the revolution in different ways: if V. I. Lenin and G. E. Zinovev, in the struggle to strengthen their influence,
were insistent on the need to deepen terror, D. B. Ryazanov insisted that the scope of repressive politics should
be limited, and L. B. Kamenev lobbied for amnesties. All of them used the celebration of the first anniversary of
October to implement their projects. Research on the linkage between the Red Terror and the holiday provide
insights into the specifics of the political situation in the autumn of 1918.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared in the framework of a research conducted at the European University in Saint Petersburg
with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSСF), project no. 20-18-00369 (“The processes
of legitimization of violence: conflict cultures in Russia and the escalation of Civil war”).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Civil war

value: Soviet festivals

value: Red Terror

value: political culture

value: conflict


dc.contributor.author

value: Tverdyukova, E. D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tverdyukova E. D. ‘Leningrad City Health Department and Leningrad Front Military Sanitary Department: Problems of Interaction in 1941–1942’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 864–874.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article covers the problems of relations between the Leningrad City Health Department and the
Military Sanitary Department of the Leningrad Front in 1941–1942. The medical institutions of the Front Evacuation
Point were located within city limits due to the unfavorable combat situation. This led to conflicts between military
and civilian medical agencies, both at the stage of medical support of military mobilization and deployment of
a network of evacuation hospitals in the first months of the war and later. The lack of clarity on subordination,
rights, and obligations had a negative impact on the deployment and ongoing activities of evacuation hospitals,
the conduct of anti-epidemic measures, and personnel policies. This could undermine the combat capacity of
the troops and, ultimately, threatened Leningrad. However, attempts to redistribute powers between civilian and
military medical institutions were not motivated by personal self-interest of their leaders, but by the interests of
the service personnel. Most likely, personal responsibility for implementing instructions of parent bodies forced
them to concentrate all control in their hands to use resources promptly to avoid lengthy inter-agency coordination.
Despite difficult relations and differences, the health care system of blockaded Leningrad was able to solve
its main task: to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of troops and the population and to restore
combat losses of the army units defending the city.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 19-09-00369 (“Study of
interaction of structures of the power and management and mechanisms of adoption of administrative decisions
in Leningrad during the siege and defense of the city, 1941–1944”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Leningrad

value: siege

value: military medicine

value: health care

value: management

value: sanitary losses

value: combat losses


dc.contributor.author

value: Avilov, R. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Avilov R. S. ‘“Pure Nonsense!” War Minister A. N. Kuropatkin about the Proceedings of Japanese Nationalists’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 875–891.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article based on a large body of unpublished documents from the Russian State Military Historical
Archive (RSMHA). The author analyzes the history of the acquaintance Russian Minister of War A. N. Kuropatkin
with publications by the Japanese ultra-nationalist society Kokuryūkai in 1901. Despite weaknesses of Russian
intelligence in the Far East before the Russo-Japanese War, the service was been able to obtain a highly valued
materials, such as the second volume of Bulletin of Amur River Society. An analysis of this publication reveals
that the authors and the journals founder, Uchida Ryōhei, had a high level of knowledge about Russian society.
The Japanese discovered all the weak spots of Imperial governance, finance, economy, educational system, and
domestic and foreign policies of the Russian Empire. The article shows how the Minister of War read a translation
of Japanese edition and noted the authors’ conclusions. We conclude that the Japanese state was able to organize
these investigations of Russia using materials from nationalist organizations that sometimes took different
positions from those of the Russian government, in Russian. In contrast, Russian officials were not able to do a
normal analysis of observations from official channels, And Kuropatkin often did not understand the value of such
materials that were passed on to him.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905

value: Russian Empire

value: Aleksei Nikolaevich Kuropatkin

value: Uchida Ryōhei

value: Kokuryūkai

value: intelligence

value: military potential

value: Russian Far East

value: Priamour Military District

value: Japan intelligence

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Krinko, E. F.

value: Suschiy, S. Ya.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krinko E. F., Suschiy S. Ya. ‘The Demographic Processes in the South of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 844–863.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores demographical processes during the Great Patriotic War in the southern regions
of the RSFSR: in the Krasnodar Krai and Ordzhonikidze (Stavropol) Krai, Rostov Oblast, Stalingrad Oblast, and
Astrakhan Oblast. The study is based on published and archival documents from the Central Statistical Administration
under the Council of Ministers of the USSR Fund in the Russian State Archive of Economics. Demographic
dynamics in the southern regions of the RSFSR in 1941–1945 had common features with the main demographic
trends elsewhere in the RSFSR and the USSR. This was a deterioration in indicators of natural reproduction in the
second half of 1941–1942: a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in mortality, including that of children, and
a decrease in natural growth in the first half of 1942. At the end of 1942 and the beginning of 1943, the main trends
in demographic dynamics changed: the birth rate stabilized at an extremely low level, followed by slow growth,
and mortality decreased markedly in comparison with 1942. Regions in the south of the RSFSR differed by more
significant scales of population decrease and directly irretrievable losses. The reasons for this were not only the
loss of mobilized cohorts, but also demographic consequences of evacuation and Nazi occupation. After occupation,
the population of the southern Russian regions amounted to 60–70 % of the pre-war level.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 17-18-01411 (“Wars and Population
of the South of Russia in the 18th — early 21st Centuries: History, Demography, Аnthropology”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Great Patriotic War

value: southern Russian regions

value: demographic processes

value: birth rate

value: mortality

value: occupation

value: evacuation


dc.contributor.author

value: Kurochkin, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kurochkin A. V. Socio-political components in the design of smart city strategies as a basis of their sustainable development. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 448–461.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article discusses the distinctive characteristics of the development of smart city technologies,
which swept over all the continents of the planet during the fourth industrial revolution. The
author focuses on the consideration of the socio-political effects due to the introduction of these
technologies and, above all, the new threats and challenges that they generate. These include
the increase of technological inequality, the danger of complete control of information and the
tightening of the space of an individual’s personal freedom, social disunity and degradation of
urban communities. The technological breakthrough was in clear contradiction with the dynamics
of social development. One of the possible ways to overcome the problem of social and technological
inequality is with the concept of a smart city focused on sustainable development, which
offers an integrated approach to urban policy. The general conclusion that the author comes to
is the need for balanced consideration of all components in smart city development projects, in
addition to technological and service components. At the same time, the formation of a space for
equal social communication, the institutionalization of urban communities, as well as co-social
planning for the development of the urban ecosystem are of particular importance. Only if they
are fully implemented can we hope for positive dynamics in overcoming new social and political
challenges to urban development in the era of total digitalization.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research and publication is funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project
no. 19-011-00792 «Evaluation of social and political effects of new technologies of urban development
in the context of the current stage of the administrative reform of the Russian Federation»).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 4

value: sustainable development

value: urban ecosystem

value: smart city

value: digital divide

value: urban policy

value: urban communities


dc.contributor.author

value: de Robertis, Antonio Giulio M.

value: Tkachenko, Stanislav L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: De Robertis A. G., Tkachenko S. L. The crisis of the “Liberal International Order” and the challenges from China and Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 465–477.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The concept of “Liberal International Order” (LIO) is one of the most popular in contemporary
international relations. LIO received global recognition and became a key factor of international
politics after the Second World War. Studies of the LIO have gone through periods
of peaks and valleys since the Second World War. Nowadays, the studies are once again at the
epicenter of political discussions. Academic studies of the LIO face difficult challenges since
the concept has found itself in a ‘grey zone’ between two well-established disciplines — political
science and economics. Two factors, which signaled a deep crisis of the LIO are: 1) disaffection
of people living in Western democracies in multiple negative effects of globalization;
2) the progressive rising of powers such as China and Russia, whose political regimes are
currently defined as illiberal. For many states in different parts of the world, the LIO did not
generate prosperity for a majority of their population. Rather it led to an economically painful
transformation from previous socio-economic systems as well as rising inequality. Member
states of BRICS and of SCO have been and still are more respectful of the principles of the
traditional Liberal International Order than the USA and western European countries. China
currently is promoting a non-Western version of globalization, but it is still globalization with
low customs barriers and the free movement of people, services and capital.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 13; Issue 4

value: Liberal International Order

value: BRICS

value: International Political Economy

value: Neo-Marxism

value: embedded liberalism

dc.type

value: Article


title: Arist. Poet. 1454a31–33 Again

dc.contributor.author

value: Kostyleva, Tatiana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kostyleva T. V. Arist. Poet. 1454a31–33 Again. Philologia Classica 2020, 15 (2), 411–415.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Among the examples on how not to portray a character in tragedy, Aristotle names the female
protagonist of the Iphigenia in Aulis, claiming that she is drawn in violation of the principle
of consistency: begging to spare her life she is much unlike her later self. Philologists stood
for Euripides, charging Aristotle with a lack of intuitive understanding. Moreover, as has been
pointed out, the unaffected character of Iphigenia’s behaviour could find a footing in the ample
observations on human psychology Aristotle himself made elsewhere in the Ethics and Rhethoric.
Certain modern scholars, however, tend to side with Aristotle. To argumentatively prove
or disprove the feasibility of the change Iphigenia undergoes seems thus to be close to impossible,
both psychologically and aesthetically. A thought not alien to the Poetics goes as simple
as that: not all the shifts and turns, so human and so easily observed in life, should find their
way into art. One supposes Aristotle all too well recognised the fact that no example would in
this case prove to be free of blame, while holding that the general applicability and inherent
veracity of his theory goes unimpaired by the fact that it could in principle be assailed.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Aristoteles

value: Poetics

value: Euripides

value: Iphigenia in Aulis

value: the concept of homalon

dc.title

value: Arist. Poet. 1454a31–33 Again


dc.contributor.author

value: Timofeev, Ivan N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Timofeev I. N. COVID-19 and the policy of sanctions: An event analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 449–464.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of sanctions as a
foreign policy tool. The following research questions are posed: in what way did COVID-19 affect
the policy of sanctions around the world? To what extant did the initiators of sanctions
change their restrictions? Where did COVID-19 rank on the global sanctions agenda? What
was the position of the UN as a key institution of global governance and what was the reaction
of the key countries that initiated the sanctions? The main hypothesis is that COVID-19 has
not significantly altered the existing sanctions regime. No single initiator-state has changed its
sanctions regime in principle, but states have made a number of humanitarian exemptions.
However, these exemptions are limited and sanctions have continued to be imposed as usual.
In some areas, COVID-19 has even exacerbated international tensions and raised the risks
of sanctions, especially in U. S.—China relations. The hypothesis was tested using the event
analysis method of sanctions episodes during the pandemic (March-June 2020). The research
provides an analysis of quantity and quality of events and their distribution among initiators.
Emphasis is placed on the study of events connected to COVID-19. The results reveal a limited
impact of COVID-19 on sanctions policy and highlight the weakness of the UN to affect the
behavior of key sanctions initiators even in conditions of a global threat such as COVID-19.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Part of the research was carried out with the support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation
(project No. 18-18-00439).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: sanctions

value: policy of sanctions

value: restrictive measures

value: United Nations

value: event-analysis


title: Bolsheviks and the Holy Relics

dc.contributor.author

value: Rogozny, Р. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rogozny Р. G. ‘Bolsheviks and the Holy Relics’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 989–1004.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the opening of religious relics in the first years of Soviet power and the reaction
to this opening by “popular оrthodoxy”. Holy relics — the bones and imperishable remains of holy people — are
revered in both the Orthodox and Catholic churches. In 1918–1920, the Bolsheviks, knowing popular belief in the
incorruption of Holy relics, organized the opening of Church relics, and instead of imperishable relics found only
bones. Government officials, priests, and doctors were appointed to the Commission responsible for opening relics
of saints. Thus, the Soviet authorities tried to discredit the Church. The organizers of the company for opening
relics were those who before the Revolution were linked to the Orthodox Church. These were either former priests
or people who served in the Synod. The opening of the relics was a great shock for the faithful and a great success
for the new authorities. Instead of imperishable relics, the tombs were found at best with rotted bones. The results
of this campaign were published in the press and were actively used by Soviet power later.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSCF), project no.
20-18-00369 (“Processes of legitimizing violence: the culture of conflict in Russia and the escalation of the Civil
War”).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4

value: Civil War

value: Bolsheviks

value: Orthodoxy

value: Church

value: Holy Relics

value: the imperishable

value: the autopsy

dc.title

value: Bolsheviks and the Holy Relics

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryabova, L. K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryabova L. K. ‘About the Patriotism amongst Russian Emigration: Interpretations and Practices in the 1940s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 948–963.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The patriotic moods in Russian emigration during World War II and in the first post-war years are less
studied than those of the 1920s and 1930s. Patriotism manifested itself in various forms, and was reflected both
in journalism and in behavioral practices. The attitude towards Russia ranged from support for the Soviet regime
to defeatist appeals. The most objective position, albeit implacable in relation to the Soviet regime, was taken
by New Journal, using materials of which the “cultures of patriotism” were mainly considered. Serious disagreements
among the emigrant community raised questions of support for the USSR; questions of the global postwar
structure and the fate of European democracies; and restoration of Russia’s former borders. A significant number
of authors defended the “restoration” policy of the Soviet government toward lost territories. Others did not see
danger in the policy of “containment” of the USSR. Fears of a possible territorial collapse of the country, in particular
the separation of Ukraine, became one of the most striking manifestations of patriotism. In the field of practical
actions, the experience of communication between emigrants and Soviet citizens who found themselves in
Europe, and especially the movement for returning to the USSR, deserves attention. This practice is explored using documents from the archives of the Geneva Institute of International Relations, in particular materials of the
“Association of Persons from the USSR” founded in Geneva in 1945.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: emigration

value: Russia

value: patriotism

value: Great Patriotic War

value: post-war period

value: returnees


dc.contributor.author

value: Nefedov, S. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nefedov S. A. ‘The Сonsumption Level in the Impoverished Center of Russia and the Causes of the Russian Revolution’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 826–843.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article shows that the general dynamics of consumption was oscillatory in nature and there were
significant provincial differences. Two methods are used to identify these differences. The first method is based
on a direct calculation of the grain remaining in the provinces by taking into account the crop, import and export.
The second method is based on anthropometry data, on data on the growth of recruits in various provinces.
This second method allows you to determine the dynamics of the standard of living in various provinces in the
half-century before the revolution as well. Both methods indicate the existence of a large area of low consumption
in the Central Black Earth region, and the standard of living in this area has a downward trend. These results are
consistent with the findings of the 1901 Commission, which characterized the region as an “area of impoverishment”.
Correlation analysis shows that “impoverishment” was due to the fact that in the first half of the 19th century
this region had the largest percentage of serfs; it was an area of distribution of corvée latifundia. During the liberation,
serfs received small allotments, which decreased with population growth. At the same time, the remaining
large landowners exported their bread to other regions and outside the country. The combination of peasant low
land and export-oriented large farms led to agrarian conflicts. Here was the epicenter of peasant uprisings in
1905 and 1917, and these provinces became Bolshevik “fortresses” during the Civil War.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Russian revolution

value: standard of living

value: level of consumption

value: anthropometry

value: growth of recruits

value: impoverishment of the center

value: influence of serfdom

value: large-scale land ownership

value: hungry exports


dc.contributor.author

value: Frolova, I. V.

value: Urazova, A. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Frolova I. V., Urazova A. I. ‘Memory Policy and Historical Science: Scientific Results of the Year Dedicated to the Centenary of the Republic of Bashkortostan’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1019–1031.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the context
of the politics of memory and historical science. The major scientific events dedicated to the anniversary are
analyzed. The authors turn to an analysis of the ideology and content of the International Scientific Forum “Unity.
Citizenship. Patriotism”, which was held on March 22–23, 2019 in Ufa. Within its framework several topics were
discussed: features of the legal status of the Bashkir people in historical retrospective; the Soviet project as an
experience of nation-state building; the role of industrial modernization for the fate of the peoples of the USSR;
spiritual and cultural development of the peoples of Russia in the 20th century; Bashkortostan in Russian military
history in the 20th century; socio-economic realities and development prospects of Bashkortostan at the turn of
the millennium; and national policy as a tool to strengthen common identity in the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Next, the concept of the Russian nationwide Scientific and Practical Conference “Republic of Bashkortostan: History
and Present”, held on October 9–10, 2019, is considered. The aim of the conference was to comprehend the
issues of the historical development of Bashkortostan, to study the centuries-old experience of its development
as a republic, and to analyze the modern development of our region.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: politics of memory

value: historical memory

value: history of the Republic of Bashkortostan

value: Bashkortostan identity

value: Bashkir statehood

value: Soviet nationality policy

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gagkuev, R. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gagkuev R. G. ‘General M. Janin’s Report on the Results of French Military Mission in the Siberia’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1051–1070.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4


dc.contributor.author

value: Boldyrev, Vitalii E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Boldyrev V. E. Poly-participant and multidimensional world: On the way to a new theory of international relations. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 507–526.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the early 21st century several conditions favorable for a new theory of international relations
have been formed in Russia. New trends in interstate relations have clearly been displayed
and Russian foreign policy needs to update its theoretical and conceptual foundations. A new
philosophical basis has been formed as Russian IR theory is in crisis. To overcome the crisis,
the framework of a new IR theory is suggested. It rests on existing theories and concepts that
satisfy the principles of post-non-classical philosophy of science, the concept of Russian foreign
policy, the fact that contemporary world events cannot be explained using the previously
created concepts, and interdisciplinarity which does not lead to the erosion of the language of
science in regard to IR. These sources made it possible to identify a number of fundamental
provisions for the new IR theory: the interpretation of chaos as an order with unknown laws,
recognition of each state as a self-sufficient participant in international relations, multivariativity
of foreign policies, and the understanding of the world as a non-polar system. On their
basis, a framework was developed for the theory of a poly-participant and multidimensional
world where the main elements are states (participants) and non-state actors. According to
the theory, the world has several dimensions: space, dynamical time, structural time, a set
of subsystems (functional spheres), level, and control. Balance is ensured by the balance of
foreign policies and reactions to them, which are determined by the interests of states, the
influence and power of states in certain regions or functional fields. This sets the curvature
of the world, which makes it change constantly. In the event of imbalance or a weakening of
control, a vacuum appears and it provokes the development of uncontrolled processes. Such a
complex structure of the modern world allows us to characterize it as a network that defines
contemporary international relations as relational.

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: IR theory

value: space

value: time

value: system

value: level

value: control

value: chaos

value: interdisciplinarity

value: international relations

value: foreign policy


dc.contributor.author

value: Bordachev, Timofei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bordachev T. V. Europe and Russia in the post-coronavirus world. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 430–448.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the interaction between central phenomena of the science of international
relations such as the balance of power and international institutions on the example of
the development of the European Union (EU) and Russia-EU relations in a changing global
context, which was catalyzed by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The change in the balance
of power and its significance in the development of institutions of cooperation at the regional
and global levels leads, in the author’s opinion, to the necessity to reassess the possibilities of
institutional interaction and the stability of institutions as such. After the end of the Cold War,
relations between Russia and the EU developed, within the framework of the author’s main
theoretical paradigm, as part of attempts to include Russia in the balance of power underlying
European integration. Current trends point to a relative decrease of the importance of this
problem in the context of realizing the main interests of Russia and the leading EU states,
which in the long term may allow them to move towards a more stable common European
order. The new order would be less dependent on the actual bilateral relations between Russia
and the European Union, but more dependent on the interests of both actors in a wide global
environment.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research article uses the results of the project “Theoretical Approaches to the Analysis of the
Prospects of Transatlantic Relations in the Transformation of the European Union and US Foreign Policy”
within the framework of the HSE Program of Fundamental Research.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: European Union

value: balance of power

value: institutions

value: competition

value: cooperation

value: pandemic

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Komarovsky, Vladimir S.

value: Morozova, Elena V.

value: Soloviev, Alexandr I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Komarovsky V. S., Morozova E. V., Soloviev A. I. St. Petersburg scientific school of the theory of public gouvernance and policy (on the 25th anniversary of the Department Political Governance of St. Petersburg State University). Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 428–447.

dc.description.abstract

value:
2020 marks the 25th anniversary of the Department of Political Governance of St. Petersburg State
University. During the existence of the department, the scientific activity of its employees and
graduate students led to the formation of the St. Petersburg scientific school of the theory of
public governance and policy. The article describes the main thematic and theoretical issues that
are in the field of research interests of the school’s participants. A number of challenges that public policy and governance face in the context of growing diversity, mobility and uncertainty of
social development are noted. The role of historical traditions in studying public administration at
St. Petersburg University is emphasized. The main ideas, notions and concepts developed by the
school’s participants are revealed: the concept of a coordinating state, the development of the
theory of administrative and political networks, the principle of cooperation, a cognitive approach
to public administration, the theory of public governability and the formation of institutional formats
of digital governance. It is highlighted that the development of governance research was
based on the formation of scientific cooperation networks and financial support from a number
of national foundations.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: scientific school

value: research traditions

value: coordination

value: coordinating state

value: administrative and political networks

value: collaboration

value: cognitive approach

value: public governability

value: institutional formats


dc.contributor.author

value: Kondratenko, Konstantin S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kondratenko K. S. Governmentality of new digital public feedback services: Technologies for motivating user behavior. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 474–492.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the concept of “governmentality”, a term introduced by Michel Foucault,
as well as the form of its implementation on feedback services implemented today in Russian regions
within the framework of the national program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation”.
The governmentality of regional portals is expressed in the structure of user motivation, the most
powerful component of which, in terms of its impact on the audience, is the construction of an
image of the future and the strengthening of the imbalance between the present and the future.
Such a mechanism for artificially breaking time continuums is also used to strengthen the role
and significance of citizens’ identity. In addition, new digital channels of participation actively encourage
citizens to promote and interact with public authorities, i.e. to create or maintain declared
institutions of interaction. Finally, portal motivation technologies are presented as a range of gamification
methods that are also used to engage citizens. The described structure of motivation of
regional portals is presented in the article as a “motivation funnel”. At the same time, the behavior
of users is determined not so much by the structure of motivation presented on the portals, but
by their consent to participate and trust in the communicant, i.e., in actors and institutions of
power. The basic component of user engagement is agreement with at least one component of the governmentality of digital feedback services. Increasing user activity is possible by agreeing
with the eco-urban theme of sites, as well as by increasing confidence in federal authorities,
while increasing confidence in the authorities may occur due to trust in the “organizers” of new
services — the actors responsible for the development, implementation and support of portals.
The article presents a diagram of user behavior in the form of a graph and an epistemic matrix.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project
no. 20-011-31361 “Outsourcing of political judgments: a critical analysis of the information paradigm
of network public communication”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: governmentality

value: feedback service

value: digital participation channel

value: platform

value: city governance

value: epistemic matrix

value: user behavior motivation

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Krapivin, M. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krapivin M. Yu. ‘The Problems of Organizing Consumer Services for Foreign Guests of Soviet Russia in the Context of the Country’s Transition from War to Peace (1921)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1071–1087.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 10; Issue 4


dc.contributor.author

value: Zverev, V. O.

value: Polovnikov, O. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zverev V. O., Polovnikov O. G. ‘Secret Agents of the Russian Gendarmerie in the Fight against Espionage at the Beginning of the First World War’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 892–901.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the limited intelligence capabilities of the gendarmerie departments of the Warsaw
Governor General (Lomzinska, Warsaw, Kielce, Lublin, and Radom provinces) in the fight against German
and Austrian spies in the second half of 1914 and the first half of 1915. One reason for the secret police’s lack of
readiness is the reluctance of the gendarmerie-police authorities to organize counter-response work on an appropriate
basis. The rare, fragmentary, and not always valuable information received by agents of the investigating
authorities did not allow the gendarmes to organize full-scale and successful operational work on a subordinate
territory to identify hidden enemies of the state. The low potential, and, in some cases, the complete uselessness
of secret service personnel for the interests of the military wanted list led to the fact that most politically disloyal
persons were accidentally identified by other special services. In most cases, spies were detected either due to
information from army intelligence and counterintelligence agencies, or due to the vigilance of military personnel
of the advanced units of the Russian army. The authors conclude that the gendarmerie departments were unable
to organize a systematic operational escort of military personnel of the Russian armies deployed in the Warsaw
Military District. Despite the fact that the duty of the gendarmerie police included not only criminal procedures,
but also operational searches, there was no qualified identification of spies with the help of secret officers.

dc.subject

value: agents

value: financial reports

value: gendarmerie departments

value: counterintelligence

value: Russia

value: spies

value: First World War


dc.contributor.author

value: Puchenkov, A. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Puchenkov A. S. ‘A. A. Kulomzin. “Crimea under the Crimean government. Winter 1918–1919”’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1032–1050.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was carried out with the support of the RFBR, project No. 19-09-00430 (“Wrangel Crimea in 1920:
the experience of state-cultural construction and ethno-confessional dialogue”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.contributor.author

value: Nielsen, J. P.

value: Tevlina, V. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nielsen J. P., Tevlina V. V. ‘Norwegian Destiny of Anatolii E. Heintz (1898–1975), Palaeontologist and Russian Emigré from St. Petersburg’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, pp. 933–947.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article provides information on the life and work of Anatolii Evgenievich Heintz. Heintz was born
and raised in St. Petersburg, became a Russian émigré in the so-called “first wave”, and ended up in Norway with
his family after the revolutionary events in Russia in 1917–1920. Later Heintz became renowned in the world of
science as a Professor, Academician, and one of the founding fathers of Norwegian paleontology, as well as a
well-known promoter of scientific knowledge among the common people in Norway. At the same time he was an
active participant and organizer of scientific expeditions to Spitsbergen (Svalbard) in search of fish fossils, but he
also pioneered the protection of wild animals and establishment of natural parks on this Arctic archipelago. In this
article Heintz’s life is examined against the background of social and cultural processes that Russian emigrants
faced in the first and later waves of emigration in the 20th and 21st centuries, especially processes of socio-cultural
adaptation and integration into their new country of residence. The authors compare the conditions for finding
themselves and ways of preserving one’s Russianness in the large colonies of the Russian diaspora, which appeared
in Berlin, Prague, and Paris, with the conditions in the northern periphery of Europe and a country like Norway.
The paper focus on what Heintz did to preserve his Russian identity, and how he simultaneously struggled to
become fully recognized as a Norwegian citizen.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Anatolii Heintz

value: first wave

value: emigration

value: Russia Abroad

value: Norway

value: Valery Carrick

value: integration

value: society

value: Spitsbergen

value: identity

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ignatjeva, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ignatjeva O. A. Digital governmentality: Participatory governance vs. biopolitics. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2020, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 462–473.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The notion of governmentality was first used by the French postmodern philosopher Michel Foucault
during his lectures at the College de France in 1978-1979. The term is one of the characteristics
of political power, along with sovereignty and discipline, but it characterizes its later stages
of evolution. Foucault and his commentators give multiple meanings to this term, but perhaps
the most accurate ones are the definition of governmentality as a way of rational thinking about
the realization of political power and governmentality as the art of government. The emergence
of governmentality is associated with the emergence of political economy and implies the use of
biopolitical techniques, a concept that Foucault introduces to emphasize the need for socio-humanitarian
knowledge in disciplining the “political body”. Evolution and peculiarities of biopolitics
are discussed in detail in this article in relation to each type of governmentality. This article
examines three types of governmentality (liberalism, authoritarianism, neoliberalism) introduced
by the French thinker and proposes considering a new type of governmentality that characterizes
the modern stage of society’s development. Here we use a governmentality concept as a
methodological instrument for analysis of a new type of governance. The author notes that digital
governmentality is characterized by governance using digital platforms. The article provides a
detailed description of the architecture of one such platforms, as well as a set of algorithms that
will mediate the interaction between the population and government representatives. The purpose
of this article is to identify the essence of digital governmentality and its nature. Is the emerging
form of public governance through digital platforms, as a consequence of its digitalization, democratic
and participatory, or is it still a more sophisticated way of governing the population using
manipulative, biopolitical strategies? An attempt to answer this question is made in the article by
considering both the evolution of the term governmentality itself and the technological features of
digital platforms with their interpretation based on Michel Foucault’s concept.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported financially by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and ANO
EISI, grant no. 20-011-31361 “Outsourcing Political Judgments: Critical Analysis of the Information
Paradigm of Public Network Communication”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 16; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Foucault

value: governmentality

value: biopolitics

value: rationality

value: digital platform


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsvetkov, Ivan A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsvetkov I. A. New nationalism and the struggle for domination in the global digital cultural space. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 478–487.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to one of the paradoxes of the modern system of international relations:
the desire of many countries to restore their political and economic sovereignty, combined
with the rapid development of digital technologies and the formation of an increasingly homogeneous
global cultural space. The phenomenon of “new nationalism” arose in connection
with the obvious crisis of globalization led by the United States. At the same time, this “new
nationalism” is fundamentally different from the classical models of the 19th and 20th centuries.
In particular, clearly visible is its weak connection with the ideas of a national cultural
revival and the sphere of culture in general. The digital revolution that humankind is going
through today creates favorable conditions for the “restart” of globalization. The locomotive of
integration processes in the new conditions is mass culture — in the form of new consumption technologies and everyday practices. A global digital civilization is gradually taking shape. The
struggle for economic influence and political dominance, particularly between states such
as the United States and China, is complemented by the opposition of “Westernization” and
“Easternization” as the leading trends in contemporary global culture. The arguments presented
in the article allow us to make the following assumption: in several decades, China,
the United States and other countries will occupy a place in the world political, economic
and cultural hierarchy that is comparable not with the level of their sovereignty and national
identity, but with the scale and quality of their participation in the global exchange of goods,
ideas and cultural meanings.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: digitalization of international relations

value: globalization

value: new nationalism

value: US-China relations

value: global digital civilization


dc.contributor.author

value: Rupasov, Aleksandr I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rupasov A. I. Konstantin Päts and Estonia’s foreign policy in interwar period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2020, vol. 13, issue 4, pp. 540–546.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Review of the book: Pajur, A. (2018), Konstantin Päts. Poliitiline biograafia. II osa: riigimees (1917–
1956). Tartu: Rahvusarhiiv. 878 L.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Safarian, Galina Kh.

value: Gzgzyan, Alexandr M.

value: Dzhemlikhanova, Lyailya Kh.

value: Niauri, Darico A.

value: Znobishina, Alexandra V.

value: Borodina, Yelena S.

value: Nguyen, Cong Tuan

dc.identifier.citation

value: Safarian G. Kh., Gzgzyan A. M., Dzhemlikhanova L. Kh., Niauri D. A., Znobishina A. V., Borodina Ye. S., Nguyen T. C. Influence of reproductively significant autoantibodies on the quality of oocytes, obtained embryos and the chances of implantation in Assisted Reproductive Technologies cycles. Literature review. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2020, vol. 15, issue 4, pp. 256–273.

dc.description.abstract

value:
There is evidence suggesting that autoimmune mechanisms may influence fertility, manifesting
as infertility or pregnancy loss. Numerous autoimmune diseases, including but not limited
to systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-phospholipid syndrome and Hashimoto thyroiditis
may be associated with infertility and pregnancy loss through different putative mechanisms.
It is notable that fertility may be impaired in the presence of serum autoantibodies regardless
of the presence of a clinically overt autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity may affect all stages
of fertility via ovarian failure, implantation failure, and pregnancy loss. This review article will
illustrate and discuss the available data on the link between chances of achieving pregnancy
through Assisted Reproductive Technologies in real clinical setting in the presence of several
autoantibodies affecting female reproductive system. Summarizing the available data from the
world literature, it can be concluded that necessity exist in development of a reproductively
significant antibodies line in application to direct, cross-over and cumulative assessment of
the role of autoimmune antibodies carriage in the implementation of reproductive failures, bearing in mind new approaches to the strategy of overcoming autoimmune reproductive
failure.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work is supported by a grant from the Government of the Russian Federation (contract
14.W03.31.0009 of 13.02.2017) for state support of scientific research conducted under the supervision of
leading scientists.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 15; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: autoantibodies

value: TPO

value: APA

value: ANA

value: α-enolase

value: Se-binding protein 1