dc.contributor.author

value: Zheleznyak, Аlexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zheleznyak А.V. Multiplicative property of series used in the Nevanlinna - Pick problem. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 37–45.

dc.description.abstract

value: In the paper we obtained substantially new sufficient condition for negativity of coefficients of power series inverse to series with positive ones. It has been proved that element-wise product of power series retains this property. In particular, it gives rise to generalization of the classical Hardy theorem about power series. These results are generalized for cases of series with multiple variables. Such results are useful in Nevanlinna – Pick theory. For example, if function k(x, y) can be represented as power series Pn≥0 an(x¯y)n, an > 0, and reciprocal function 1/k(x, y) can be represented as power series Pn≥0 bn(x¯y)n such that bn < 0, n > 0, then k(x, y) is a reproducing kernel function for some Hilbert space of analytic functions in the unit disc D with Nevanlinna – Pick property. The reproducing kernel 1/(1 − x¯y) of the classical Hardy space H2(D) is a prime example for our theorems.

dc.subject

value: power series

value: Nevanlinna - Pick kernels

value: logarithmical convexity


dc.contributor.author

value: Zuber, Irina E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zuber I.E. Stabilization of some classes of uncertain control systems with evaluation of admissible disturation for object matrix. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 3–10.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Consider the system x˙ = M(·)x + enu, u = sT x, where M(·) 2 Rn×n, s 2 Rn, the pair (M·), en is uniformly controlable. The elements of M(·) are nonlook-ahead functionals of arbitrary nature. The object matrix is considering in form M(·) = A(·) +D(·), where A(·) has a form of globalized Frobenious matrix, D(·) is a matrix of disturbation. Consider the square Lyapunov function V (x) with constant matrix of special form and number
 > 0 as estimate for ˙V for case D(·) = 0. The definition of such vector s and such estimate of norm matrix D(·) that system is globally and exponentially stable are performed for every > 0.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: uncertain systems

value: global and exponential stability

value: the square Lyapunov function

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Bushmakova, Maria А.

value: Kustova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bushmakova M.A., Kustova E.V. Modeling vibrational relaxation rate using machine learning methods. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 113–125.

dc.description.abstract

value: The aim of the present study is to develop an efficient algorithm for simulating nonequilibrium gas-dynamic problems using the detailed state-to-state approach for vibrationalchemical kinetics. Optimization of the vibrational relaxation rate computation using machine learning algorithms is discussed. Since traditional calculation methods require a large number of operations, time and memory, it is proposed to predict the relaxation rates instead of explicit calculations. K-nearest neighbour and histogram based gradient boosting algorithms are applied. The algorithms were trained on datasets obtained using two classical models for the rate coefficients: the forced harmonic oscillator model and that of Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld. Trained algorithms were used to solve the problem of spatially homogeneous relaxation of the O2-O mixture. Comparison of accuracy and calculation time by different methods is carried out. It is shown that the proposed algorithms allow one to predict the relaxation rates with good accuracy and to solve approximately the set of governing equations for the fluid-dynamic variables. Thus, we can recommend the use of machine learning methods in nonequilibrium gas dynamics coupled with detailed vibrational-chemical kinetics. The ways of further optimization of the considered methods are discussed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work is supported by Saint Petersburg State University (project ID 84912260).

dc.subject

value: nonequilibrium flows

value: vibrational kinetics

value: machine learning


dc.contributor.author

value: Kosenko, Ivan I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kosenko I. I. On one way to build up a computer model of the multibody system dynamics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 126–134.

dc.description.abstract

value: A technology of an object-oriented modeling is under consideration. This technology is applied to the cases of the multibody systems virtual prototypes dynamics creating. General approach for creating the models is described. The approach is based on the multiport representation for the mechanical system to be simulated. The object-oriented paradigm turned out to be an efficient tool for constructing complicated models especially for the cases of large or very large dimencions. Several examples of the machines dynamical models from different topics were implemented.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work was carried out at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).

dc.subject

value: object-oriened modeling

value: dynamics of a vehicle

value: rolling disc on the horizontal plane dynamics

value: dynamics of the wheelset

value: joint constraint

value: servoconstraints

value: skateboard

value: non-holonomic constraints

value: contact models

value: dynamical verification


title: Machines that learn image recognition. II

dc.contributor.author

value: Yakubovich, V. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yakubovich V. A. Machines that learn image recognition. I. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 94–112.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Melas, Vyacheslav B.

value: Shpilev, Petr V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Melas V.B., Shpilev P.V. L-optimal designs for a trigonometric Fourier regression model with no intercept. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 64–75.

dc.description.abstract

value: This paper is devoted to the problem of constructing L-optimal designs for a trigonometric Fourier regression model with no intercept. The paper considers diagonal matrices L with a combination of zeros and ones on the main diagonal. It is shown that in the case when L = I (i. e., when the unit matrix is chosen as the matrix L), the L-optimal design coincides with the D-optimal one. In the more general case (when some diagonal elements are equal to zero), it is shown that the dimension of the problem can be reduced if the optimal design is symmetric. The obtained results are illustrated by the example of the problem of constructing two L-optimal designs for the trigonometric model of order 12, which is reduced to the problem of constructing designs for models of order 3 and 4 correspondingly.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 20-01-00096-a).

dc.subject

value: L-optimal designs

value: c-optimal designs

value: optimal designs for estimating the individual coefficients

value: trigonometric regression models with no intercept


dc.contributor.author

value: Lebedeva, Anastasia V.

value: Ryabov, Victor M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lebedeva A.V., Ryabov V.M. Method of moments in the problem of inversion of the Laplace transform and its regularization. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 46–52.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Integral equations of the first kind are considered, which belong to the class of ill-posed
problems. This also includes the problem of inverting the integral Laplace transform, which
is used to solve a wide class of mathematical problems. Integral equations are reduced to illconditioned
systems of linear algebraic equations, in which the unknowns are the coefficients
of the expansion in a series in the shifted Legendre polynomials of some function that simply
expresses in terms of the sought original. This function is found as a solution to a certain
finite moment problem in a Hilbert space. To obtain a reliable solution to the system,
regularization methods are used. The general strategy is to use the Tikhonov stabilizer
or its modifications. A specific type of stabilizer in the regularization method is indicated, focused on a priori low degree of smoothness of the desired original. The results of numerical
experiments are presented, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed inversion algorithm.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper was prepared with the support by a grant from St Petersburg State University (Event 3,
Pure ID 75207094). Research was carried out using computational resources provided by Resource Center
“Computer Center of SPbU” (http://www.cc.spbu.ru/en).

dc.subject

value: system of linear algebraic equations

value: integral equations of the first kind

value: ill-posed problems

value: ill-conditioned problems

value: condition number

value: regularization method


dc.contributor.author

value: Plotkin, Artyom V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Plotkin А.V. Fast algorithm for quadratic knapsack problem. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 76–84.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper considers a quadratic programming problem with a strictly convex separable objective function, a single linear constraint, and two-sided constraints on variables. This problem is commonly called the Convex Knapsack Separable Quadratic Problem, or CKSQP for short. We are interested in an algorithm for solving CKSQP with a linear time complexity. The papers devoted to this topic contain inaccuracies in the description of algorithms and ineffective implementations. In this work, the existing difficulties were overcome.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: quadratic programming

value: knapsack problem

value: fast algorithms

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Malozemov, Vassili N.

value: Tamasyan, Grigoriy Sh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malozemov V. N., Tamasyan G. Sh. Representations of continuous piecewise affine functions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 1, pp. 53–63.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Continuous piecewise affine functions are widely used in computational mathematics. In
one-dimensional case such functions are called broken lines. The article analyzes the analytical
representations of broken lines in the forms accepted in the theory of polynomial
splines as well as in the form of the difference of the maxima of two finite families of affine
functions. The connection between these representation is being determined.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The results of Section 7 were obtained in the Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering,
Russian Academy of Sciences with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20-71-
10032).

dc.subject

value: piecewise affine function

value: broken line

value: difference of convex functions


dc.contributor.author

value: Bobrikov, Alexey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bobrikov, Alexey. “Art Magazines of the Era of the Formation of Postmodernism (The Second Half of the 1970s): The Problem of Influence on the Processes in Art. ‘October’”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 90–122.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines the influence of art magazines on processes in art of the twentieth century
— and the possibility of constructing a typology of periodicals based on this principle.
General characteristics of the “magazine of influence” are based on the material of the second
half of the twentieth century. The model of this type of periodical is considered on the example
of Artforum, the most authoritative magazine of the second half of the 1960s and the first half
of the 1970s, whose experience (positive and negative) was used to form the editorial policy
of October. From the history of October, the main periodical on contemporary art of the last
four decades, the early stage (when its influence was maximum) was selected. The formation
of the journal is examined from different points of view. The first point is the art and art history
methodologies of the 1960s and the legacy of Artforum associated with the name Rosalind
Krauss. The second point, presented by Annette Michelson, refers to the semiotics of French
theory and the problem of the “political.” The third subject is built around Douglas Crimp and
his curatorial project, the “Pictures” exhibition: this is the newest art (postmodernism of the
second half of the 1970s, its specificity, its connection with the “photographic” and postmedial
nature of this “photographic”) and the methodology of its analysis. The combination of new
art with a journal of a new type (creating an apparatus for its methodological description)
creates a situation that allows us to speak about the beginning of a new era, the era of postmodernism,
a specific version of conceptual art, where the border between art itself and its
critical and theoretical interpretation almost disappears.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: magazine of influence

value: postmodernism

value: Artforum

value: October

value: Rosalind Krauss

value: Annette Michelson

value: Douglas Crimp

value: Pictures


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernysheva, Maria

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernysheva, Maria. “Western Prototypes of Ivan Krylov Iconography”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 180–204.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on selected examples of the 19th century iconography of Ivan Krylov. Depictions
of the poet are considered within the representational tradition that originated in
the age of Enlightenment and reflected the transformation of writers into public figures and
celebrities. This tradition highlighted the growing social influence of writers, as well as the
growing power of society, which, regardless of the will of monarchs and state institutions,
dictated literary reputations and chose idols for itself. Western prototypes most significant to
Krylov’s iconography were the sculptural and pictorial representations of Voltaire acquired by
Catherine II, and statues of Walter Scott installed in Scotland shortly after the novelist’s death.
The article argues that Nicholas I paid special attention to these latest Scottish monuments when choosing among different concepts for the first monument to Krylov. The portrayals of
famous writers evolved in the context of ideas of “great man” and “national poet”. The article
examines the semantic variations with which the term “national poet” was used in Russia
under Nicholas I. Representations of Krylov are analyzed not only as evidence of his personal
literary reputation and public success, but also as markers of social influence that writers as
a community were gaining at the time. In Russia, this process was, paradoxically, under the
close and effective control of the state and of the tsar personally.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Krylov iconography

value: Voltaire iconography

value: Walter Scott iconography

value: great man

value: national poet

value: literary reputation

value: Grigory Chernetsov

value: Alexander Agin

value: Peter Klodt

value: Russian culture of the 19th century

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kalnitskaya, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalnitskaya, Elena. “The Exhibition ‘30 Paintings from the Life of Peter the Great’: Memories of the Future”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 123–146.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article discusses the history of the project “30 Pictures from Peter the Great’s Life” on the
Field of Mars based on the idea of reconstructing the historical exhibition of 1872, dedicated
to bicentenary of Peter I. A systematic analysis of formatting collective memory of the Russian
society related to his personality is carried out — from the death of the tsar-reformer to the
reign of Emperor Alexander II. Having presented society with a mission of a new understanding
of the personality and activities of Peter the Great, the Emperor involved into its fulfillment
the leading figures of culture and art and personally took part in organization of the
exhibition of historical pictures. The exhibition turned out to be the most important highlight
of the holiday, against the backdrop of a real urban environment, and had an enlightening
significance. At the same time, it remained neither a part of history of Russian painting, nor
of the history of festive culture of Petersburg. The development of the idea of restoration of
historical exposition timed to celebration of the 350th anniversary of Peter the Great’s birth is based on revealing fourteen historical canvases in the State Russian Museum depository.
Sixteen lost paintings on the subjects specified by the program of this historical project were
created by the graduates of St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Replicating the design of historical
expositional pavilions, the authors of the project completed them with modern multimedia
effects, which brings the project to a new qualitative level. The project helps to comprehend
the development of the festive culture of Petersburg and provides hopes that findings and
discoveries of the future will make it possible to represent in art the history of Emperor Peter
the Great’s reforms.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Peter the Great

value: Aleхandеr II

value: Russian Museum

value: The Peterhof Museum-Reserve

value: Academy of Arts

value: Field of Mars

value: collective memory

value: exhibition activities

value: tradition of historical anniversaries

value: historical genre


dc.contributor.author

value: Logunova, Anastasia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Logunova, Anastasia. “‘Mir ist so wunderbar’: Considering Opera Traditions Interaction in ‘Fidelio’ by Beethoven (Modern Musicologists on the Quartet’s Genesis)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 205–223.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The canon in the first act of “Fidelio” was generally regarded as one of the best moments in the
opera from the very beginning of its hard scenic life. While 19th century critics admired the quartet,
scholars in the 20th century showed true scientific interest in this ensemble. This attention
made Beethoven’s quartet one of the most famous canons in music. The article represents an attempt
to summarize modern musicology’s views on the first act quartet of Beethoven’s “Fidelio”.
On this basis in the paper are considered the reasons for including such composition in “Fidelio”,
its stylistic background, and in general the origins of Viennese late 18th century’s practice of vocal
and opera canons as the context for analysis of Beethoven’s quartet. The author lists operas of
the Viennese repertoire 1780–1800 with canons (among them, operas by Martíny Soler, Salieri,
Mozart, Paёr, and Cherubini) as hypothetical models for Beethoven and also traces the continuation
of this tradition in Italian and Russian 19th century opera. Connection of the musical form
of canon with ideas of the Enlightenment and figurative and meaningful interpretation of its
pastoral tone is considered on the basis of works by Heinrich Schwab, Dorothea Link, and Larisa
Kirillina. It is remarkable that the pastoral of the quartet allows a Christian interpretation that
makes the “Benedictus” of “Fidelio” genuine. “Mir ist so wunderbar” is considered as an example
of Beethoven’s contemplative lyric on the basis of experience of its philosophical-aesthetic comprehension,
presented in Russian musicology. In the quartet, Leonore appears in the opera for
the first time, and so this article accentuates the central role of this canon for understanding the
main figure with all richness of her literary and mythological genealogy.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: opera

value: Beethoven

value: “Fidelio”

value: canon

value: Vienna

value: operatic ensemble

value: Rossini

value: la solita forma

value: pezzo concertato

value: pastoral


dc.contributor.author

value: Rykov, Anatoly

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rykov, Anatoly. “The Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns and the Theory of Modernism”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 147–163.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper considers issues of convergence of classical and modernist art theories on the example
of the so-called Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns at the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The works of the main participants in this debate, Charles Perrault
and Nicolas Boileau, are examined in the context of the theory of modernism and questions
of the origin of modernist art. The aggravation of the contradictions between the two versions
of the theory of classicism and, more broadly, the two concepts of modernity, led to
the formation of new views on the nature of art in the era of late Louis XIV. The leader of the
“Moderns,” Charles Perrault, became the founder of the rationalistic and scientistic theories of
modernism, gravitating towards aestheticism, formalism, and semiotics of art. In this article,
his theories are explored in connection with the modernist formalist discourse and theoretical
work of Clement Greenberg. In addition, Charles Perrault’s theory of art is placed in the space
of the theory of “aesthetic modernism” (aesthetic movement) and the theory of “art for art’s
sake.” Particular attention is paid to the comparative characteristics of the texts of Charles Perrault,
Oscar Wilde, and Julius Meier-Graefe. In turn, the works of the chief theoretician of the
“ancients,” Nicolas Boileau, are studied in the context of ideas of the “conservative revolution.”
From this perspective, the interpretation of the category of the sublime by Pseudo-Longinus,
Boileau, and representatives of romantic culture is assessed. The author concludes that Nicola
Boileau and Charles Perrault represent different equal branches of modernist discourse. At
the same time, Charles Perrault managed not only to anticipate certain phenomena of the
culture of modernism in his texts, but also to take important steps towards the contemporary
scientific theory of art.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 1

value: Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns

value: art theory

value: modernism

value: Charles Perrault

value: Nicolas Boileau

value: Clement Greenberg

value: Oscar Wilde

value: conservative revolution

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Savkina, Natalia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savkina, Natalia. “About Serge Prokofiev’s American Tour at the End of 1920”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 33–49.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Prokofiev’s enormous correspondence reflects a universe that is densely populated and reflects
the enormous amount of his correspondence. The multifaceted nature of his inner-self
is revealed in his letters to different people, which displays great diversity in style. Varied
accents and perspectives appear in his letters: some personality traits come forward, new facts emerge, some creative aspects appear in unaccustomed ways. Prokofiev’s fourteen letters to
his mother chronologically cover a little more than the last two months out of three that he
spent in America in the winter of 1920. One important feature of Prokofiev’s nature is reflected
in letters to his mother: passion for travel. He moves constantly and still enjoys a difficult
life, full of hassle, on tour. His letters to his mother were sent from the Savoiya crossing the
Pacific Ocean, from the train to California, and from New York City, Chicago, Appleton, San
Francisco, San Diego, and Los Angeles. These documented sources are interesting not only
because of their content. Prokofiev was writing to a person who had almost lost her sight. The
composer’s usual briefness of utterance is maximized there. The informational content of this
cursive writing is extremely high, and the short messages and postcards written in large round
letters condense massive informative layers: the young musician’s life, the staging of his operas
(about which he works many angles), tragic backwashes of the Russian history, signals from
the past lost in Saint Petersburg flat where his papers had been missed, commissioned and
uncommissioned works, an exhibit hall of nearly outlined characters, and a constant lack of
money. This is a counterpoint voice to the Diary.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Serge Prokofiev

value: Maria Prokofiev

value: Mikhail Larionov

value: America in 1920

value: Russians in America

value: Prokofiev’s friends

value: Prokofiev-pianist

value: Prokofiev-voyager


dc.contributor.author

value: Filonenko, Nadezhda

value: Tretyakova, Maria

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filonenko, Nadezhda, and Maria Tretyakova. “Calligraphy of Images: Artworks by Yukei Teshima”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 164–179.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Postwar Japanese calligraphy has been little studied in Western art history, and in particular,
there is no analysis of the work of one of the most important calligraphers of postwar
Japan,Yukei Teshima (1901–1987). The relevance of this research lies in the fact that the Calligraphy
of Images (Japanese “Shosho”), created by the master, is an example of building a dialogue
between fundamentally different traditions of Western and Eastern art, a dialogue that
allows the calligrapher to see the uniqueness of Japanese calligraphy, including its spiritual and
aesthetic content. The purpose of this study is to determine the specifics of Teshima’s work,
using the example of his most famous artworks: “Hokai” (literally “Collapse”) (1957), containing
the image of houses collapsing one after another from the explosions of aerial bombs
at the end of World War II; and “Tsubame” (“Swallow”) (1960), giving rise to the feeling of
flight through a “dancing” movement of a bird. The authors conclude that, although Tesima’s
“calligraphic paintings” show a connection simultaneously with the Chinese roots of Japanese
calligraphy and the avant-garde painting of the West, the calligrapher remains faithful to the
Japanese artistic and aesthetic tradition. Unlike Chinese calligraphy, traditionally understood
as a tool for “nurturing life”, or avant-garde painting generated by Western conceptuality, Teshima’s
calligraphy expresses the Buddhist ideals of accepting one’s destiny (one’s path to enlightenment)
and lack of attachment. The calligrapher uses the “hisshoku” (“rusty brush”)
writing technique, which involves “overcoming” the brush and conveying the tactile sensation
of a stroke (a symbol of overcoming the materiality of the world), and also forms the “boundless
space” of the sheet, i. e. “aki”, which he calls “Space of [divine] love” and connects with the
free soaring of the spirit.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: postwar Japanese calligraphy

value: sanpitsu of the Showa era

value: Yukei Teshima

value: Shosho

value: shin-po

value: fugyo-ho

value: hisshoku

value: yohaku

value: aki


dc.contributor.author

value: Panov, Alexei

value: Rosanoff, Ivan

dc.identifier.citation

value: Panov, Alexei, and Ivan Rosanoff. “Performing Ornaments in English Harpsichord Music. Part II”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 4–32.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article continues a series of publications on problems pertaining to performing ornaments
on keyboard musical instruments in England of the 17th–18th centuries according to historical
documents of that time. The authors consider the history of the publication of the ornamentation
table with thirteen embellishments compiled by Charles Coleman and published in the
treatises The Division-Violist by Christopher Simpson (1659) and A Brief Introduction to the
Skill of Musick by John Playford (1660). Among other matters, various aspects in the Rules of
Graces worded by Henry Purcell (A Choice Collection of Lessons for the Harpsichord or Spinnet,
1696) are discussed. In particular, in the table published by Simpson, special attention is paid
to a comprehensive review of the realization of such ornaments as “[The] Backfall shaked”
and “[The] Shaked Beat”. In “Rules of Graces” contained in Purcell’s A Choice Collection, the
authors turned to the ornaments called “[The] beat” and “a plain note & shake”, as well as to
the following well-known instruction formulated by the famous musician: “observe that you
allway’s shake from the note above and beat from ye note or half note below, according to the
key you play in <…>”. In the course of the research, numerous errors and inaccuracies were
discovered and noted in the scientific and reference-encyclopedic literature of the 20th century
concerning the interpretation of ornaments in England in the second half of the 17th century
and in the content of English musical treatises of that time.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: English baroque harpsichord ornamentation

value: performance practice

value: Charles Coleman

value: Christopher Simpson

value: John Playford

value: Henry Purcell

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sedleryonok, Valeria

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sedleryonok, Valeria. “Venetian Cinquecento Pictures and France in the 1820s: Painting, Perception, Influence”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 12, no. 1 (2022): 69–89.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article deals with reassessing Venetian Cinquecento painting in France in the 1820s.
This research is a series of case studies related to this problem and providing various types
of historical analysis. It examines particular artworks, artistic, social, political contexts, and
the influence of Venetian art on the formation of a new artistic language in France in the
1820s. Using an analysis of a wide range of both visual and verbal primary sources, I explore
theoretical and practical aspects of the reassessment of Venetian Cinquecento painting in early
nineteenth-century France. The paper presents a detailed examination of various French
publications of that time regarding Venetian art, as well as a comparative analysis of artworks
by Venetian and French artists, namely, Jacopo Robusti, Paolo Veronese, Andrea Schiavone,
Eugène Delacroix, Xavier Sigalon, and Eugène Devéria. In this article, I address the following
questions. What was the knowledge about Italian Renaissance art in France in the early 19th
century? What place did the Venetian school take among the Italian schools of painting in the
French consciousness at that time? How was Venetian painting perceived, revisited and presented?
How did it influence the formation of a new artistic language in the 1820s? This study
reveals the causes, specifics, aspects, and far-reaching consequences of the reconsideration of
Venetian Cinquecento painting in the 1820s and its significance for the understanding of the
patterns of art development in 19th-century France.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Venetian Cinquecento painting

value: French art of the 1820s

value: influence

value: reassessment

value: art criticism


dc.contributor.author

value: Suarez, Franciscus

dc.identifier.citation

value: Franciscus Suarez. Disputationes Metaphysicae. Disputation XXVIII. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 10–53.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The preface and translation from Latin were made by G. V. Vdovina with the support
of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 21-011-44040 “The Philosophical
theology of Francisco Suarez”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 4; Issue 1


dc.contributor.author

value: Tupikin, Isidor (metropolitan of Smolensk and Dorogobuzh)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tupikin R. V. Contemporary Russian studies of the role of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in the development of the crisis of the unity of world Orthodoxy. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 110–133.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article presents an analysis of the church-historical grounds for the termination
of Eucharistic communion between the Russian Orthodox Church and the
Patriarchate of Constantinople that took place in 2018. In this paper, this topic is
considered through the prism of domestic research. The study of the relationship
between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Patriarchate of Constantinople
moves in several thematic directions: doctrinal, church-historical, geopolitical. The
novelty of the analysis is the attempt to systematize modern Russian research and
trace the links between current approaches and the pre-revolutionary academic
tradition. The historical and canonical dominance of the Patriarchate of Constantinople
over other Local Churches did not lead to doctrinal supremacy. Many ecclesiastical-
legal judgments that have come out of the modern research environment
can conditionally be attributed to two theoretical models of the dispensation
of Ecumenical Orthodoxy. Based on the analysis of the historical precedents of the
“Phanariotic” foreign policy, most historians and canonists came to the following
disappointing conclusions: the diplomatic strategy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople
was based on considerations of political pragmatism and personal gain, and was not guided by the fundamental principle of “inter-Orthodox solidarity”. The
experience of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Patriarchate
of Constantinople in the previous two centuries, as well as contemporary events,
lead to an important conclusion: it is necessary to strengthen the research direction
in the field of Inter-Orthodox relations, which includes a spectrum of churchhistorical,
church-legal, ecclesiological, geopolitical issues.

dc.subject

value: schism

value: Phanar

value: canon law

value: ecclesiology

value: Church history

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: theological schools

value: Ukraine

value: autocephaly


dc.contributor.author

value: Khondzinskii, Pavel V. (archpriest)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khondzinskii P. V. A portrait of the teacher for the West in the interior of the Synodal era: Dissertation by I. V. Popov on Blessed Augustine. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 54–73.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Early 20th century Russian academic theology showed considerable interest in St.
Augustine’s theology. Among a significant number of works on the latter, one that
stands out in terms of its scale and being well-founded, the doctoral thesis “The
personality and legacy of St. Augustine” (1916) by I. V. Popov, a professor of the
Moscow theological academy. Although the first volume of the Popov’s work is
the only one that remains, it is of substantial interest because it witnesses the
continuous intellectual evolution of its author, who made a sharp turn from the
Eastern patristics towards the Western patristics in his studying the topic of “deification”.
However, today there is no unanimous agreement among scholars on
the presence of “deification” concepts in the Western theology, and Popov himself
does not use the term “deification” in his doctoral thesis. Nevertheless, Popov’s
conclusion that “ontologism”, being understood as the possibility of a direct communication
with God in this life, was characteristic of St. Augustine represents in
some sense the next stage of Popov’s search for an organic integration of the moral
and mystical contents of Christian life. Containing an implicit but relevant for the
early twentieth century critique of Harnack’s rationalism, Popov’s work had as
well an impact on the mid-twentieth century Russian thought, having been in demand
in the diaspora. It should be especially noted that, despite its unconditional
significance both for the history of Russian patristics and of Russian theology in
the twentieth century Popov’s “Augustine” has not attracted special attention of
researchers so far.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, No. 21-011-
44125\21 “Latin Ecclesiastical Tradition of the 4th–7th centuries in the Modern Scientific and
Theological Context”.

dc.subject

value: deification

value: mystical knowledge of God

value: new theology

value: ontologism

value: practical reason

value: apophaticism

value: moral monism

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Maximov, Andrey O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maximov A. O. Reflection of the juridical and moral worldviews in modern Catholic and Orthodox translations of the New Testament. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 163–182.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the objectivity of the antithesis West-East, formulated in the
Russian theology of the 19th century, in particular, in the dissertation of Archimandrite Sergius (Stragorodsky) “Orthodox Teaching on Salvation”, 1895. The analysis
is based on a comparative research of modern official translations of the Gospel
of Luke in the Catholic and Orthodox traditions. Well-recognized critics of Archimandrite
Sergius agree that the opposition of the West and Russia through the
prism of juridical and moral worldviews is “not so unambiguous” and therefore
could not be a reliable basis for the “Orthodox doctrine of salvation”. It is argued
that the thesis about the difference between the two worldviews had an artificial origin,
since it was dictated by the desire of the early Slavophiles and their followers to
create in Russia its own theological system, totally different from the Western one.
The importance of the topic is due to its direct relation to the dogma of salvation,
which is the main goal of the Christian doctrine.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 4; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: juridical worldview

value: Orthodox doctrine of salvation

value: soteriology

value: morality

value: morale

value: comparative theology

value: Western values

value: Catholicism


dc.contributor.author

value: Mukhetdinov, Damir V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mukhetdinov D. V. L. N. Tolstoy and Islam: Rethinking Muslims’ place in Russian cultural canon. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 92–109.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article distinguishes the main ways of thematization of Islam in Russian intellectual
culture: Islam as a civilizational opponent, as inferior to Christianity as a
revealed religion, as a potential Christianity, and others. These opinions differ from
the Tolstoy’s as he understood Islam as a full-fledged tradition that has some religious
truths common to Christianity and that distorts them throughout the course
of history in its own way. The special relevance of Tolstoy’s conception of spiritual
and ethical nature of religion for rethinking Muslims’ places in the Russian “cultural
canon” is noted. The author observes the particular internal similarities between
Tolstoy’s philosophy and Islam that make them close. Both the outright “Islamization”
of Tolstoy’s teachings and the attempts to separate his ideas from Islamic
context are criticized. The “cognation” between some of Tolstoy’s central ideas,
stemming from his contemplation of Christian legacy, and the ideas embedded in
Islamic tradition may facilitate more successful “convergence” of Muslim identity
and Russian identity (“prototypically” Christian). In conclusion, the author justifies
the necessity of appealing to the thought of “non-Islamic” thinkers in Russian
culture for overcoming of the stereotypical images of Muslims in Russian “cultural
canon” to be effective.

dc.subject

value: Islam

value: Muslim identity

value: Russian philosophy

value: Russian Muslims

value: hegemony

value: religious renewal


dc.contributor.author

value: Lavrenova, Svetlana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lavrenova S. A. Dignity, freedom and human rights: A comparative analysis of the teachings of the Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox churches. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 134–150.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The social teachings of Christian churches answer a number of important questions
of public life. Such issues include dignity, freedom, and human rights. The
task of Church social teaching is to assess modern socially significant problems,
state-church relations, and church-social issues and to formulate the official position
of the Church on the challenges of modernity based on centuries-old Christian
teachings and church traditions. The subject of this research is a comparative analysis
of Catholic and Orthodox social teachings on the issue of granting a Christian
personal rights and freedoms. The research methodology is based on a comparative
analysis of church documents in cultural-historical and socio-political contexts.
The work examines the history and development of legal doctrine in the Roman
Catholic and Russian Orthodox Churches. Particular attention is paid to an examination
of official church documents, including papal encyclicals, documents of the
Second Vatican Council of the Roman Catholic Church, documents of social issues
adopted at the Councils of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church. Based on the
historical and ideological context of the two positions in relation to human rights,
the work reveals the general provisions and differences in the Catholic and Orthodox
understanding of this issue. The article argues that, despite the existing differences,
these teachings are united by a common desire to bring a moral dimension
and an orientation towards Christian values into public and political life.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 4; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Roman Catholic Church

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: dignity

value: freedom

value: human rights

value: Second Vatican Council

value: social concept of the Russian Orthodox Church

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ostapenko, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ostapenko A. A. The person between the vertical of spirit and the horizon of soul: Pedagogical processes of personal growing, development and formation in the light of Orthodox anthropology. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 74–91.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines the relationship between pedagogical processes of personal
growing, development, and formation in the light of Orthodox anthropology. The
author makes an attempt to coordinate the concepts of theological anthropology
with pedagogical terminology, as well as to harmonize key principles of Soviet, humanistic,
and co-Image Orthodox-oriented pedagogy on the basis of an anthropological
approach. Particular attention is paid to an attempt to explain the essence
of the spiritual and mental structure of human nature without using theological terminology for lay teachers. This is done with the help of the basic metaphors of
“spiritual formation vertical” and “mental development horizon”, which make it
possible to explain clearly the fundamental differences between the spiritual and
mental components of human nature. Spiritual development is seen as a process of
human improvement through overcoming moral relativism and temptations by sin
and vice, and mental development as an expansion and dissemination of reasonable,
volitional, and sensual-emotional forces of a person through the creation of
favorable conditions. The formation of a person through external influence on the
mental part of human nature is an organized process that balances the spontaneity
of the process of mental development. The article makes an attempt to reconcile the
patristic doctrine of man and the provisions of modern pedagogical anthropology.

dc.subject

value: human nature dichotomy and trichotomy

value: basic metaphor

value: vertical of spirit

value: horizon of soul

value: personal growing

value: personal development

value: personal formation

value: overcoming sin

value: pedagogical support

value: pedagogical influence

value: co-Image pedagogy


dc.contributor.author

value: Dementyev, Leonid I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dementyev L. I. Female images of God in the works of Church Fathers and other Christian writers before the 19th century. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 151–162.

dc.description.abstract

value:
There is a common misconception among some Christians that the idea of God as
a feminine principle is strongly influenced by liberal theology and queer studies of
the 20th and 21st centuries. In part, this is true: attention to women’s legal awareness
in modern Europe raises the question of the relationship between the sexes. However,
carefully studying earlier periods of the history of church creativity, we find
that saints and heroes of faith of different denominations came to the conviction that
God is the Mother and has traditionally female characteristics, not at all in connection
with the struggle of the fair sex for their rights, but thanks to personal mystical
experience and perception of the Trinity as a prototype of the earthly human family.
The article is devoted to the study of the topic of the femininity of God in general and
the Holy Spirit in particular. The author suggests looking at the Holy Trinity through
the prism of the outstanding writers of the Christian world from the 1st to the 19th
centuries, showing that the modern theology of femininity has a long and rich prehistory,
rooted in Christian antiquity and closely connected with family archetypes.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 4; Issue 1

value: Christianity

value: theology

value: feminism

value: femininity

value: pneumatology

value: Christology

value: motherhood of the Holy Spirit


dc.contributor.author

value: Vdovina, Galina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vdovina G. V. On the foundation of the philosophical theology of Francisco Suarez: Disputation XXVIII of Disputationes Metaphysicae. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 6–9.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is the preface to the Russian translation of the second part of Francisco
Suárez’s Metaphysical Disputations, which examines the successive divisions of “being
in general” into its different modifications of varying degrees of specification
(“contractions”). The first section of Disputation XXVIII introduces the primary
division of being into God and creation, considers several synonymous formulations
of it, and demonstrates their reference to the same reality. Next, in section
two, Suárez analyzes the arguments against the adequacy of this primary division of
being and refutes them. In section three, the Spanish philosopher explores the type
of predication of being to God and creatures. He argues against the equivocality or
univocality of the concept of being and concludes that it has analogical character.
Next, Suárez examines the varieties of analogy formulated by eminent philosophers
and theologians of the past, that is, the analogy of proportionality and the analogy
of proportion, or external attribution, and shows their inadequacy to explain analogia
entis. Suárez’s own position is that being is predicated on God and creatures
according to the analogy of internal attribution, and he draws out the characteristics
of this type of analogy. Disputation XXVIII as a whole is an introduction to Suárez’s
natural theology, which he thinks of as an integral part of metaphysical knowledge.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The preface and translation from Latin were made by G. V. Vdovina with the support
of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 21-011-44040 “The Philosophical
theology of Francisco Suarez”.

value: God

value: creation

value: infinite and finite being

value: being from oneself and from another

value: necessary and contingent being

value: adequacy of the primary division of being in general

value: analogy of being

value: analogy of internal attribution

dc.type

value: Article


title: Editorial

dc.identifier.citation

value: Editorial. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 4–5.

dc.description.abstract

value: Editorial

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 4; Issue 1


dc.contributor.author

value: Konev, Alexander N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Konev A. N. “Сosmic liturgy” by Hans Urs von Balthasar. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 184–189.


dc.contributor.author

value: Pechatnova, Larisa G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pechatnova L. G. The Religious Factor in the Politics of the Spartan Kings. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 75–91.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this work is to show how exactly the Spartan kings used the religious factor
in their politics. The author pays special attention to the cases of the interaction between the
Spartan kings and the Delphic priests, and analyses the results of these relations. The families
of the Spartan kings very early established close contacts with Delphi. It was already Lycurgus,
who most likely belonged to the Agiads, was so close to the Delphic priests that he was
able to obtain from them a full approval of his legislative reforms. The author points out that
the Agiads were more influential in Delphi than the Euripontides. It can be explained by the
fact that representatives of the Agiads, as an older royal family, very early acquired friends in
Delphi and were able to pass down these relations to their descendants. The author concludes
that the Spartan kings had great authority in Delphi, especially in the 5th century BC. They
managed to carry out a series of radical political actions with the help of priests, in one case
depriving an undesirable co-ruler of power, in the other case — restoring an exiled king to
the throne, in the third case — restoring the reputation of an illegally repressed and executed
member of the royal family. The author shows that Delphi, in controversial cases, as a rule,
supported the kings defending their interests. The illegal methods by which the kings acted in
Delphi suggest that Spartan rulers differed greatly in their mentality from their fellow citizens.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-09-00455
“Ancient foundations of modern spectacle culture: visualization and performance in religion and politics”.

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Delphic oracle

value: Sparta

value: Spartan kings

value: Lycurgus

value: Cleomenes I

value: Pleistoanax

value: Lysander

value: Herodotus

value: Thucydides

value: Xenophon

value: Plutarch


dc.contributor.author

value: Osadczy, Włodzimierz

dc.identifier.citation

value: Osadczy W. Cossack Adventure of Walerian Kalinka, a Prospective Monk of the Ressurectionist Congregation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 144– 156.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Before starting a career as a Polish priest and scholar, Walerian Kalinka took part in various
initiatives aimed at restoring Poland’s independence. One of the most “exotic” of his enterprises
was his participation in the formation of the so-called Sultan Cossacks detachments,
military units consisting of the Slavic population. From the perspective of Polish emigrants,
the time of the confrontation between Russia and Turkey (and Western powers) was ideal for
the formation of the Polish army. Kalinka was as an adjutant to General Władysław Zamoyski
and on his behalf led the recruitment into the army, and also transformed the already existing
detachment of the violent Michał Czajkowski, known as Sadyk-Pasha, into a unit of the
Polish character regarding discipline and ties with emigration circles. Despite the weakening
of Russia’s position, the new balance of political forces after the Crimean War did not contribute
to the revival of Poland as a sovereign state. Many Polish soldiers abroad went through
an internal crisis. Kalinka managed the demobilization of Cossack volunteers and sought a
place for them in emigration. Once again, the war did not lead to freedom. Remaining under
the influence of religiosity of general Zamoyski, Kalinka began to pay more attention to the
connection between the national question and Catholicism. Thus, Kalinka became close to
the already existing Order of the Resurrection of the Our Lord, also called Resurrectionists.
Afterwards, he joined this order and became a humble monk, who, however, never gave up
geopolitical illusions and, through religious initiatives, tried to realize his political dreams.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Kalinka

value: Czartoryski

value: Ressurectionists

value: Cossacks

value: Russia

value: Ukraine

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Maslennikov, Dmitri V.

value: Mineeva, Tatiana G.

value: Romanovskaya, Vera B.

value: Salnikov, Viktor P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maslennikov D. V., Mineeva T. G., Romanovskaya V. B., Salnikov V. P. Spiritual Consistory in Contradiction between the Idea of God and the Idea of the State. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 62–74.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of legislative acts, archival materials, and other narrative
sources, on the basis of which a description of one of the church administrative and judicial
institutions of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries is
given. The principles of the formation of spiritual consistories, the mode of functioning, the
specifics of cases examined by this church-judicial body are considered. According to the authors,
ecclesiastical consistories performed administrative and judicial roles in the second half
of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Spiritual consistories were an important element of the
system of state and legal institutions during this period. The old concept of the “symphony
of powers” was replaced by the principle of subordination of the church to the state. In this
regard, the historical fate of the spiritual consistories turned out to be closely connected with
the fate of the state and legal institutions of the Russian Empire. The historical development of
the Russian Orthodox Church led to the situation when a significant part of legal issues that
were of great importance to the population of the Russian Empire was controlled within ecclesiastical
jurisdiction. The methodological principles used for the research are the dialectical
approach, which enables to consider this problem in historical retrospective; the method of
problem-centered analysis; the comparative legal method of legal knowledge.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
within the framework of the scientific project No. 21-011-44055 “The idea of God and the image of theology
in the philosophical discourses of high modernity and postmodernity”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: church

value: idea of God

value: justice

value: spiritual consistory

value: registers of birth

value: marriage

value: schism

value: crime


dc.contributor.author

value: Rudnik, Sergey N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rudnik S. N. All-Estate Military Draft and the Caucasus in the Russian Government Policy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 23–43.

dc.description.abstract

value:
A universal conscription system was introduced in Russia in 1874. For thirteen years special
rules regulating enrollment of Caucasian peoples had been discussed by the government.
With regard to this issue, eight special committees, commissions and sub-commissions were
formed in St Petersburg and Tiflis; a number of meetings were held; and numerous notes
and projects were written. The article analyzes the process of discussion of this complex and
understudied topic in the government circles and Caucasian administration in addition to numerous
projects and proposals related to these rules. It is notable that encouraging the highlanders
of Caucasia to serve in the Russian army, St Petersburg tried to achieve several goals:
firstly, to use their experience as excellent soldiers in the service in Caucasia; secondly, to ease
the burden of military service in the inner provinces of Russia, and, finally, to quickly incorporate
the peoples of Caucasia into the Russian Empire. As it was crucial to preserve the fragile
stability in the region, the government approached the problem of conscription in Caucasia
with great caution, considering the factor of ethnic, religious, and socio-cultural diversity of
the region; the unstable situation there; the proximity of hostile Turkey; and the population’s
fear of recruitment. The abovementioned discussions resulted in the special rules approved
by Alexander III in 1886. Thus, the peoples of Transcaucasia, and “the alien population of the
Terek and Kuban regions” were required to serve. The Muslim population of Caucasia was
exempt from service which was replaced by a special tax.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: military draft

value: the Caucasus

value: charter

value: recruits

value: conscription area

value: family lists

value: armed force

value: benefits

value: military tax

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Medovarov, Maksim V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Medovarov M. V. Social and Political Views of Alexey Filippov and Russian National Democrats. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 44–61.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the article is to analyze the social and political views of Alexey Filippov during
the years of his cooperation with the Russian National Democrats. It reveals the achievements
and gaps in the historiography of Filippov’s ideological biography. Considerable attention is
paid to the formation of the thinker’s original views on the construction of the greatness of
Russia by the hands of non-Russians. The reasons for the unpopularity of Filippov’s “progressive
nationalism” and the conditions of his activity in St Petersburg since 1912 are considered.
The article analyzes the collaboration of Filippov with Alexander Gariazin; the chronology
and circumstances of their publication of the weekly “Dym Otechestva” and the monthly
“Zhurnal Dlia Vsekh” (“The Journal for All”). Filippov’s sharp criticism of the leaders of the
right-wing parties in Russia, the aristocracy, the ruling dynasty, ministers, the Holy Synod is
emphasized. His loyalty to the monarchy as a form of government, and personally to Nicholas
II, as well as the loyalty of other National Democrats, which they tried to use in confrontation
with the All-Russian National Union and the Union of the Russian People, is pointed out.
The positions of Filippov and his associates on Russian foreign policy, the reasons for their
calls for the immediate war against Germany and Austria-Hungary are demonstrated. It is
concluded that behind the eclecticism of Filippov’s views was hidden his sincere conviction in
the necessity of combining democracy, rights and freedoms with strong imperial power and
national patriotism. The article demonstrates the continuity of Filippov’s views throughout his
life, including the Soviet period.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Alexey Filippov

value: Alexander Gariazin

value: Russian National Democrats

value: Imperial People Party

value: Russkoe Obozrenie

value: Dym Otechestva

value: Zhurnal Dlia Vsekh


dc.contributor.author

value: Shinakov, Evgenii A.

value: Fedosov, Andrei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shinakov E. A., Fedosov A. V. The Geopolitical Context of the Rus’ Raid on Seville. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 5–22.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article offers a possible explanation for the raid of the Rus’ on Seville in 844 and also attempts
to compare this event with the embassy of the Rus’ to Constantinople and Ingelheim,
and with their raid on Amastris. These events, taken as a part of a complex geopolitical picture
of the “long middle” of the 9th century, show the origin and nature of the emerging group of
the Rus’ people. This period started with the renewed Muslim onslaught on Europe through
the Byzantine holdings in Asia Minor and Italy in the 820s–830s, and finished in the middle
of the 860s with the Byzantine victory over the Abbasids. Other important events of this time
were the Great Schism; victories of the Byzantine Orthodoxy over Catholicism and heretics
in Great Moravia, Bulgaria and Asia Minor; and the first baptism of the Rus’. This geopolitical
background was complemented by the collapse of the Carolingian Empire and the beginning
of the German Drang nach Osten. During this time, a small group who identified itself as the
Rus’ first in 838, came into being. Its main goal was to explore new trade routes to the Muslim
world bypassing Khazaria. However, eventually they discovered an opportunity of pillaging
Byzantium and its allies in Andalusia. The result of their actions, which were probably coordinated
form one center in Southern Denmark, was their acquisition of “homeland” in the
North of Eastern Europe: a land that was given its accidentally emerged name “Rus’”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: the Rus’ people

value: the raid on Seville

value: eastern sources

value: “the island of the Rus’”

value: geopolitics


dc.contributor.author

value: Nguyen, Van Sang

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nguyen Van Sang. From Ally to Enemy: The XYZ Affair and а Diplomatic Crisis in the Franco-American Relations. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 157–173.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The XYZ Affair was the most significant political incident during twenty years of the Franco-
American alliance (1778–1798). It was the leading cause of the diplomatic crisis and the
Quasi-War in relations between two countries from 1798 to 1800. Based on sources such as
treaties, monographs, and other documents from the American side which are related to the
topic, the article aims to analyze the crisis in Franco-American diplomacy after twenty years
of establishing the alliances through the XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War. The study focuses on
presenting the breakdown of trust in the Franco-American relations that led to the emergence
of the XYZ Affair; the diplomatic crisis in the Franco-American relations known as the XYZ
Affair and the Quasi-War between both countries and efforts of two countries to find a peaceful
solution. The research shows that the XYZ Affair had been the biggest conflict case in the
history of the Franco-American relations since 1778. In fact, America’s interest and honour in
the XYZ Affair was the fundamental cause leading to the severe crisis in relations between two
countries. The article contributes to clarifying the history of the XYZ Affair, the Quasi-War,
the Franco-American relations, and a part of American diplomatic history in the first half of
the founding era of the United States.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

value: the XYZ Affair

value: Jay Treaty

value: France

value: America

value: John Adams

value: Jean Hottinguer

value: Pierre Bellamy

value: Lucien Hauteval

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Truong, Anh Thuan

value: Nguyen, Thi Vinh Linh

dc.identifier.citation

value: Truong Anh Thuan, Nguyen Thi Vinh Linh. Trade Activities and the Spread of Christianity by Portugal: Port of Faifo (Vietnam). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 128–143.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Faifo (Hoi An, Quang Nam province) emerged as one of the busiest
international trading ports in Southeast Asia in general and in Vietnam in particular. At
the same time, in Europe, Portugal and its formidable navy discovered a new maritime route
to Asia. Using this knowledge, the Portuguese became one of the first Western states to explore
this part of the world and laid the foundation for trade and missionary activities in a number
of different countries and locations there. Among them, Faifo (in Vietnam) was a notable
example. In fact, for almost a century (from the second half of the 16th century to the middle
of the 17th century), the Portuguese had established business relationships and played an
important role in trading activities in Faifo. Meanwhile, the Portuguese Crown strongly supported
the Jesuit priests, aiding them in becoming the first Catholic missionary force based in
Vietnam, thereby allowing for the introduction and spread of Christianity in Faifo as well as in
other locations around Cochinchina. However, at the end of the 17th century, for a number of
different factors, Portugal gradually lost its important role in trading and missionary activities
in the port of Faifo. This article examines the Portuguese commercial and missionary activities
in Faifo in the 16th and 17th centuries. It also aims to make a specific contribution to clarifying
the relationship of exchange between Vietnam and Portugal in the 16th and 17th centuries.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Faifo

value: the Jesuits

value: Portugal

value: commerce

value: missionary

value: Cochinchina

value: Vietnam


dc.contributor.author

value: Kudryavtseva, Tatyana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kudryavtseva T. V. Lysias’s Speech On the Refusal of a Pension and Athenian Citizens with Disabilities. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 102–112.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines speech XXIV by Athenian orator Lysias “On the Refusal of a Pension”
(V–IV c. BCE) This text provides not only an excellent example of a legal speech written by a
renowned Attic orator but also invaluable material for the study of social policy of Athenian
democracy, namely — adaptation and survival of people with disabilities in the ancient Greek
polis. The author of the article agrees with those researchers who have no doubts concerning
the authorship of the speech and its intention to be delivered during the litigation on dokimasia
of “infirm” people in the Council 500. The article considers the information about the disabled
people in Athens and the allowance granted to them, and analyses topoi frequently used by litigants
in legal speeches. Similarly to other Athenian trials, the outcome of this is not known, nor
is the fate of the disabled person and whether he managed to assert his position. The analysis
of the strategies of litigants indicates that appealing to pathos, enhancing the image of a good
citizen, and discrediting the opponent in combination with irony, humor, and dramatization of
the trial, to a certain extent, often made an impact on judges and resulted in a favorable decision
The whole repertoire of these tactics was effectively utilized by the orator in speech XXIV,
therefore is reasonable to suggest that the success was almost guaranteed. It is also noteworthy
that the Athenian law that granted the allowance to adynatoi was unique for the Ancient
Greece and, in all probability, was connected with the development of Athenian democracy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The paper was created within the project financed by Russian Foundation for Basic Research
No. 19-09-00183 (Judicial process in antiquity: legal, political, social and personal aspects).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Ancient Greece

value: Athenian democracy

value: trial

value: Lysias

value: disabled people

value: allowance


dc.contributor.author

value: Karpyuk, Sergey G.

value: Kulishova, Oksana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karpyuk S. G., Kulishova O. V. The Lenaian Festival at Classical Athens in Sociocultural Context. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 92–101.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article covers the Lenaia (Λήναια) which was an important part of social and political
life in Classical Athens. Our understanding of how dramatic agones in Athens were organized
primarily comes from the accounts of the Great (City) Dionysia, while other festivals have
been studied less thoroughly. The unique nature of the Lenaia manifested itself both in the
purely theatrical and in the social aspects of the event. Regarding the leading theatrical genre,
tragedy, the Lenaia remained in the shadow of the City Dionysia, playing the role of the “small
stage”. The comic agones at the Lenaia, on the other hand, were staged to a very high standard,
to which the social aspect further contributed since the audiences at the Lenaia were much
more down-to-earth, animated and active that at the Dionysia. The Lenaia was held during
the coldest part of the year. It was precisely in winter when peasants from different parts of
Attica, who constituted the majority of the Lenaian audience, were less busy with farming;
unlike the Great Dionysia, the Lenaia was not attended by foreigners. The Lenaian festivals
were held on a less lavish scale, their organization was entrusted to less significant magistrates,
and their performances were much less costly than the Dionysian ones. The Athenians
must have considered the Lenaia a predominantly peasant festival, inaccessible to outsiders.
Lenaian performances were but little affected by “political correctness”, their earthy humour
at times evolved into biting political satire. All of the above created a special atmosphere that
became the background of Aristophanes’ best comedies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-09-00455
(O. V. Kulishova).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Athens

value: Lenaia

value: theatre

value: religious festivals

value: Aristophanes

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Makhlaiuk, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makhlaiuk A. V. The Image of the Roman Empire in the Works of Mikhail Ivanovich Rostovtzeff. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 207–227.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the features of the image of the Roman Empire created by the outstanding
historian M. I. Rostovtzeff, primarily in his “Social and Economic History of the Roman
Empire”. This image is contradictory and ambiguous. It involves a lot of genuine innovative
ideas, bright colours, but there are also a number of obvious exaggerations and aberrations, a
certain “contemporization” of economic and social realities. Paradoxically, Rostovtzeff ’s Roman
Empire turns out to be an empire without imperialism. Its very “empireness”, i. e., specific
ties between the center and provincial and “barbaric” periphery; the organization of space;
the modes of relations between the “imperial nation” and the subordinate peoples; the unity
of diversity as well as geographical (geopolitical) and economic determination of Roman
imperial expansion, remains outside the historian’s scope. At the same time, Rostovtzeff perspicaciously
grasps the deep drama of Roman history, irreducible either to the tyranny and
extravagance of individual rulers or to the merciless struggle of social classes. A significant
role in creating such a comprehensive image of the Roman Empire was ensured not only by
Rostovtzeff ’s political preferences and life experience, but also by his personality and style
of scholarship. This gives the “Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire” a special
dimension, making it not only a fact of historiography per se but the substantial evidence of
the indissoluble relationship between the personality of the historian, his ideas and the time
in which he happened to live and work.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is supported by the grant of the Russian Scientific Foundation (project No. 20-18-00374
“The Imperial Mediterranean: Models, Discourses, and Practices of Imperialism from Antiquity to the Early
Modern Age”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Mikhail I. Rostovtzeff

value: Roman Empire

value: image

value: history of Rome

value: modern historiography


dc.contributor.author

value: Antoshchenko, Aleksandr V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Antoshchenko A. V. The Contexts behind the Creation of Anton Kartashev’s Book about Holy Rus’. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 244–259.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Based on archival and published sources, the author analyzes complex contexts of writing
a narrative about Holy Rus’ by a well-known émigré historian. The political and ideological
contexts were determined by changes in the composition and sentiments of Russian refugees
after the Second World War. On the one hand, the spread of “Soviet patriotism” among some
emigrants of the first wave as a result of their acknowledgement of the decisive victory of the
Red Army encouraged the historian to remind them about the anti-Bolshevik origins of the
post-revolutionary emigration. On the other hand, his book represented a religiously grounded
ideal which could serve as the basis for cultural and historical identity of the anti-Soviet
“displaced persons”. The religious context was primarily determined by the failure to unite
the Orthodox jurisdictions of Russian emigrants after the World War II, which required the
historian to dissociate himself from the reactionary program of protagonists of the Russian
Orthodox Church Abroad. The situation was further complicated by the disagreement between
older and younger generations of the representatives of the “School of Parisian theology”,
which characterized the academic context. As a result, Kartashev had to disassociate
himself with those of his disciples who did not follow his interpretation of the Chalcedonian
dogma. Last but not least, the organizational and financial contexts, which also depended on
the ideological and political contexts, meant that he could not seek financial support from the
American curator of Saint Sergius theological institute in Paris, but applied for it to Novitsky
brothers who organized fundraising activity among Russian Orthodox emigrants in the United
States to ensure publication of the book.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Anton V. Kartashev

value: Holy Rus’

value: Russian emigration after the World War II


dc.contributor.author

value: Krikh, Sergey B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krikh S. B. The Formation and Significance of Assyrian Narrative for the Soviet Historiography of Antiquity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 228– 243.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author of the article, using the method of backward chronology, highlights characteristic
features of the narrative about Assyria from the beginning of the 21st century until the middle
of the 20th century, and points out that I. M. Dyakonoff, who used to be the leading Assyriologist,
gradually had delegated to his pupils almost all of the aspects of Assyrian history, retaining
the history of Sumer within his major research scope. On the basis of archival documents,
the author shows that the Assyrian narrative of I. M. Dyakonoff had been generally shaped
even before the war, during his work on the chapters for the multi-volume “World History”.
His Assyrian narrative was formed under the influence of the “Cambridge History of Antiquity”
and V. V. Struve’s lectures: in the first case, this was evident in the presentation of a large
amount of material; in the second case — in the desire to search for non-obvious explanations
of the essence of historical processes. Moreover, I. M. Diakonoff did not share V. V. Struve’s
views on the Assyrian history and attempted to present his position. The author concludes that
the shift of I. M. Diakonoff’s interests from Assyrian history to mainly the history of Sumer
was inevitable and was very unlikely to have been caused by the desire to supersede academician
V. V. Struve in his status of the classic of Soviet scholarship. Two main factors influenced
this transition: first, the features of Soviet historical scholarship, which presupposed a search
for in-depth explanations almost exclusively in the socio-economic field, and secondly, the
specificity of Assyrian sources, which contained scanty information about socio-economic
processes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-09-41014
(“From the Holy Land to the Slave Formation: The History of the Ancient Near East in Russian Historical
Scholarship in 20th century”).

value: Soviet historiography

value: Assyriology

value: I. M. Diakonoff

value: The World History

value: archival data

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dvornichenko, Andrey Yu.

value: Shtykov, Nikolai V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dvornichenko A. Yu., Shtykov N. V. Traditions of the St Petersburg Historical School in the Works of Mikhail Pavlovich Iroshnikov. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 276–292.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the scholarly work of the prominent Russian historian, Doctor of
Sciences (History), Professor of St Petersburg State University Mikhail Pavlovich Iroshnikov.
A student of two well-known St Petersburg-Leningrad scholars, Alexander Ignatievich Andreev
and Sigismund Natanovich Valk, M. P. Iroshnikov became one of the leading specialists
in the field of the political history of Russia of the 20th century, the history of state and law, the
history of state institutions, archives, source studies, historiography and archeography. The
successor to the traditions of the St Petersburg historical school — the school of S. F. Platonov,
A. S. Lappo-Danilevsky, A. E. Presnyakov — M. P. Iroshnikov not only became a recognized
Russian archaeographer, an expert in archival documents, but also a thoughtful, attentive researcher.
The most important academic achievements of M. P. Iroshnikov was the study of the
creation, activities and personnel of the Soviet government in 1917–1922, and the discovery
and introduction of the census of Soviet employees in 1918 into the scholarship. The article
analyzes the work of M. P. Iroshnikov in organizing and implementing many of the largest domestic
archeographic projects: the publication of the works of V. N. Tatishchev, decrees of the
Soviet government, the Radziwil Chronicle. The article also examines the pedagogical activity
of M. P. Iroshnikov in St Petersburg State University, where he continued the traditions of his
teachers in educating historians, archeographers and source specialists.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Petersburg Historical School

value: St Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences

value: source studies

value: historiography

value: archeography

value: archives


dc.contributor.author

value: Trofimova, Yulia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trofimova Yu. M. The Ostrogothic Historian Jordanes from a Linguo-Historical Perspective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 190–206.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the debatable question of the ethnical identity of the Ostrogothic historian
of the 6th century Jordanes, whose main work “Getica” is constantly under scrutiny
by both contemporary historians and linguists. The article proposes the necessity of the linguo-
historical analysis of “Getica” carried out on the interdisciplinatory basis and aimed at
obtaining some new information confirming Jordanes’ Gothic origin. The paper concentrates
on Jordanes’ unambiguous statement of his Gotic origin whose verbal form has been evoking
more than a century-long discussion of his Gothic ethnical identity. This statement is analysed
in comparsion with Late Latin sources and Gothic Bible, which testifies to a similarity in
Jordanes’ manner of writing. The historical foundation of the analysis reveals in some cases
a complete coincidence with the linguistic notions of concept and mentality, which are taken
into consideration in the commentary on Jordanes’ above- mentioned statement. With regard
to the notions of concept and mentality, the analysis results in substantiating Jordanes’ historically
determined manner of writing, which serves as proof of his Gothic origin both by birth
and language. Historical data concerning some facts of his biography referring to his place of
birth and work as a notary in the locations where Latin was spoken enable to conclude that
he could not but know the language of these territories and thus undoubtedly was bilingual.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Jordanes

value: historical science

value: linguistics

value: the Gotic language

value: the Latin language

value: mentality

value: concept

value: ethnical identity


dc.contributor.author

value: Kodin, Evgenii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kodin E. V. The Formation of American Post-war Belarusian Studies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 260–275.

dc.description.abstract

value:
American post-war Belarusian studies during its initial stage differed from similar processes
in other countries. The CIA, which was interested in using the Belarusian emigration for its
own purposes, the Congress, and some senators, with whom the leadership of the Belarusian-
American Association actively worked, originally played a significant role. The CIA supported
the activities of the Chairman of the Rada of the Belarusian People’s Republic (in exile)
Nikolai Abramchik, who was one of the first Belarusian emigrants to publicly declare Moscow’s
anti-Belarusian policy, using such concepts as the “Russian genocide of the Belarusian
people”, “occupation of Belarusian lands”, etc., calling on America to “protect the oppressed
Belarusian people”. In 1954, a special commission of the Congress held hearings on the topic
“The Communist seizure and occupation of Belarus”, during which a kind of methodological
guidelines for the “correct” study of the history of Belarus were determined. Against the background
of McCarthyism and the fight against the “Red scare” allegedly coming from Moscow,
it completely fitted into the so-called totalitarian concept in American Russian studies (then
Sovietology), and hence Belarusian studies, which was being formed. It was in such a difficult
political and ideological situation that the first study by N. P. Vakar “Belarus. The Creation of
a Nation” was being created in the Russian Research Center of Harvard, which was published
in 1956, and not only received general recognition in the American scholarly community, but
also superseded all kinds of political pamphlets in the academic space.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project
No. 20-59-00001/20 “Modern foreign historical Belarusian studies: the evolution of methodological approaches
and assessments”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: History of Belarus

value: American Belarusian studies

value: Belarusian post-war emigration

value: US Congress

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Guskov, Evgenii A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guskov E. A. The Praetorian Metilius Pudens and the Civil War in Rome. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 113–127.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper is concerned with a dedicatory stele of some Metilius Pudens, named a warrior
of the XIX praetorian cohort in its text. According to paleographic features, it is dated to the
second half of the first century A. D. The inscription was published only in 1995, but has not
attracted wide attention of researchers yet. The role of Pudens in the events of 69 is unknown
due to the scanty content of the stele. The article proves that Pudens could only serve in the
guard of Julii-Claudii and during the civil war fought first on the side of Otho. Then, like
many former Othonians, he supported the party of Vespasian and was eventually enrolled in
his praetorium, which could comprise 20 000 people. The article presents information about
the conditions of service and resignation of Metilius Pudens, and describes the organization
of the new guard, consisting of soldiers of the Flavian legions, former praetorians of Otho and
legionaries of Vitellius. The long duration of Metilius Pudent’s service was due to the need to
maintain a group balance in the Flavian guard. Taking into account the large proportion of
former Vitellian soldiers in the new corps, the new administration pursued a cautious demobilization
policy in order to break mutual responsibility and prevent a repeat of the situation
with the Praetorians of Otho, who, having been dismissed by Vitellius, came out in support
of Vespasian. Since the Othonians were absolutely loyal to the new authorities in gratitude for
the possibility of rehabilitation after the humiliation by Vitellius in April 69, they were seen as
a counterweight to the Vitellians.

dc.subject

value: civil war 68–69 A. D.

value: the Praetorian Guard

value: XIX cohors

value: Metilius Pudens

value: ancient Rome


dc.contributor.author

value: Alimdjanov, Bakhtiyor A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alimdjanov B. A. Republicanism on the Territory of Modern Uzbekistan. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 293–306.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the forms of republicanism that existed in the territory of Uzbekistan in
different historical times and eras. The author, based on the research of historians, orientalists
and memoirs of travelers, believes that the first republic emerged in the territory of Uzbekistan
in the 14th century in Samarkand. The founders of the first republic were Sarbadars. The second
republic — Tashkent “aristocratic” land-holding (18th century) — was founded by Yunus
Khoja after a long internecine war. The Tashkent “aristocratic” republic did not last long: about
25 years. The third republic (Turkestan autonomy) was brought into being in 1917 by “bourgeois”
representatives of the local elite. Turkestan autonomy lasted 72 days and was destroyed
by the Bolsheviks. The fourth republic was the Uzbek SSR (1917–1991). The Uzbek SSR was
considered a socialist republic. Its essence was manifested in the union of workers, intelligentsia
and farmers. The fifth republic is a democratic post-Soviet Uzbekistan. The author, on the
basis of the Soviet historiography, shows that during the 20th century, intellectuals tried to find
forms of republicanism in the history of Uzbekistan. In the Soviet historiography of the 1940s,
attempts were made to invent “republican” traditions in Soviet Central Asia. According to the
author, these attempts continue to this day. The author believes that the political science of
Uzbekistan does not study the problem of republicanism in Central Asia.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: republic

value: Samarkand

value: Tashkent

value: Kokand

value: Sarbadars

value: bourgeois republic

value: socialist republic

value: Uzbekistan


dc.contributor.author

value: Dubinka-Hushcha, Lizaveta A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dubinka-Hushcha L. Political Institutions and their Role in the Foreign Policy of Denmark. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 174–189.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article focuses on the historical development of political institutions in Denmark after
the Second World War and their influence on foreign policy decision-making. This is in line
with an emergent trend in the second half of the 20th century reflected in the increasing power
of Folketing (the Danish Parliament) driven by a growing number of special parliamentary
commissions responsible for particular aspects of foreign policy. It follows from the study that
the political system of Denmark has been characterized by continuity, stability and predictability
since the Second World War. The example of Danish foreign policy demonstrates that
socio-political stability and a high level of economic development combined with an active
multilateral diplomacy is one of the most efficient soft power instruments to enhance the international
image of a country. The article distinguishes institutional prerequisites for this development
based on the analysis of the political actors and their involvement in the formation
of the foreign policy. The unique decision-making system has allowed Denmark to achieve a
remarkable success in defending and promoting its national interests, skillfully manoeuvring
between great powers and ensuring the continuity of its foreign policy regardless of the coalition
in power. In spite of its relevance, there is still a gap in the studies of foreign policy of
small states in post-Soviet historiography. The empirical base of this research is comprised of
publications in Nordic languages as well as in Polish and Russian, collected and studied by
the author in the Royal Danish Library in Copenhagen, the National library of Russia in Saint
Petersburg, the National Library of Poland, the National Library of Iceland, and from online
resources.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 1

value: Denmark

value: small states

value: political institutions

value: foreign policy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Levchenko, Valery V.

value: Levchenko, Halyna S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Levchenko V. V., Levchenko H. S. Historiographic Reflections in the Field of the Bitsilli Studies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 1, рp. 307–313.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the monograph by the Israeli historian M. Birman “P. Bitsilli (1879–
1953). Life and Work”, which offers “a consolidated review of life and work” by the Russian
and Bulgarian scholar and humanist Peter Bitsilli. It is noted that the monograph was written
in the genre of intellectual biography, conventional for historiography, when the personal life
and creative activities of the investigated historical figure are closely intertwined with broad
cultural and historical contexts of the era. The article emphasizes that in contrast to the biographies
of people of the past widespread in the scholarly literature, this narrative centres around
a historical person, whose name remained in oblivion for more than half a century after his
death, both in academic sphere and in historical memory. Despite the fact that the book poses
many questions about the daily life and intellectual activity of a scholar, it does not provide the
answers on the basis of research methods. It is not grounded on a rich source base; similarly to
many other modern studies, the book is lacking in the information related to the considerable
surviving number of archival documents, the materials of which would give answers to many
questions regarding the biography of P. Bitsilli. Despite some shortcomings, omissions in the
presentation of the material in the book, many questions posed for the first time by the author
have been addressed and arouse genuine interest. One of the characteristic features of the
reviewed work is its bibliographic component.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: M. Birman

value: P. Bitsilli

value: historiography

value: historical science

value: scholarship on Bitsilli

value: source studies

value: historical source

value: bibliography

value: scholarly review


dc.contributor.author

value: Shestakova, Eleonora G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shestakova E. G. (2022). The nature and functions of tragedy-farce in a real show (based on the material of the Ukrainian projects “I am changing my wife” and “Hello, I am your mother!”). Media Linguistics, 9 (1), 32–50.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article substantiates the features of the nature and functions of the comical, laughter, farce, and tragedy-farce in Ukrainian’s reality shows “I am changing my wife” and “Hello, I am your mother!” These projects touch upon basic social and everyday problems of the modern family and purport to foster a responsible attitude to family values and the personality of each member. Such tasks involve the stirring up the classical worldview and appeal to its fundamental values. Their circle includes the comical and laughter as public gestures. For this, reality shows use the capabilities of situational models and scenarios. However, the special nature of these projects initially does not allow us to talk only about traditional types and forms of the comical, laughter, and farce as funds for to realize their main goals and objectives. Reality shows, by virtue of their nature, come to tragedy-farce as the leading principle for the realization of goals and objectives. The nature of tragedy-farce in these projects shows the unity of the comical, amusing, kind, humorous, absurd, and scary, vicious, frightening, miserable, dramatic, and destructive, which simultaneously coexist in the life of a person and family. In these reality shows, tragedy-farce is formed by combining heterogeneous realities into one unpredictable and provocative whole: mass media and real life. This not only complicates its nature in relation to theatrical literary and mass media realness, but also leads to a dangerous line beyond which there is no longer a difference between media text and real life, and when they are equally responsible for all the events that happen in the family and with each her member. In this regard, tragedyfarce turns as a strange discourse and threat of the destruction of the surface of meaning.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: reality show

value: media text

value: comical

value: farce

value: tragedy-farce