dc.contributor.author

value: Pyatakova, Galina V.

value: Kopytenkova, Olga I.

value: Umnov, Valery V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pyatakova G. V., Kopytenkova O. I., Umnov V. V. Arrangement of social aid for children with orthopedic pathology considering their psychological constitution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2019, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 173–180.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Modern society development is accompanied by increase of number of physically challenged
individuals, including children. In Russia, about 15 million people are disabled. The social
sphere is developing and improving, the priority direction of which is the creation of an optimal
system of life support for children with disabilities. One of the most numerous handicapped
children groups is a group with orthopedic pathology. Today information concerning
number of handicapped children is coming from three different sources which are not harmonized
internally. The work presents comparative analysis of statistical data form, containing
information on handicapped children prevalence in relation to orthopedic pathology; dependence
of handicapped children prevalence in relation to orthopedic pathology on the number
of children with pathology, revealed for the first time. All the data concerning psychological
particularities of handicapped children with orthopedic pathology was systematized. Directions
of social aid improvement were justified.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: children

value: invalid

value: psychological feature

value: rehabilitation


dc.contributor.author

value: Savenkov, Roman V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savenkov R. V. Contemporary Studies of the Political Opposition in Russia. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2019, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 275–290.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Analysis of Russian researches on the problem of political opposition allows us to identify three
main conceptual approaches to the study of political opposition: institutional (political), behavioral
(sociological or procedural) and conflict-discursive. The institutional approach focuses on
political and legal institutions and phenomena that create opportunities or limitations for the action
of political opposition. The object of attention in the “sociological” tradition is social groups,
their goals, values, self-identification, their own understanding of political and legal norms, and
realizable patterns of behavior. The basis of the conflict-discursive approach is the analysis of
political symbols, their means of interpretation, and actors of political (conflict) communication.
A narrow and broad understanding of the political opposition has consolidated in Russian
political science. With a narrow understanding, we are talking about a political party that has
a minority in parliament, and with a broad understanding, we are talking about all participants
in the political process, expressing their disagreement with the political course being implemented.
A review of Russian studies allowed us to form a list of signs of a political opposition:
dissent, a public designation of their disagreement and internal identification, the proposal of
an alternative social development project, representation of groups of society, opposition of
the authorities, organization, the ability to establish their own rules of the “game”, control over
the activities of the authorities, disposition, the struggle for dominant positions in government,
the desire for institutionalization, recruitment of counter-elites. A large place in the studies of
Russian political scientists is occupied by the theoretical and practical definition of pseudo-opposition
— the actors of the political process that imitate opposition activities, but do not meet
the basic criteria of the opposition.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: political opposition

value: party

value: elections

value: discourse

value: elite

value: parliament

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Akulin, Igor M.

value: Zhiguleva, Lubov Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Akulin I. M., Zhiguleva L. Yu. Development of medical insurance in the Russian Federation. At the crossroads. What’s next? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2019, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 147–157.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The RF health care reform is gaining momentum. A thorough consideration should be given
to the discussion on the need to exclude health insurance companies from the compulsory
health insurance system (CHI). Formation of the National Health Care System of Russia is the
main problem of the national health care at this stage of reforms. As it is known in the territory
of the Russian Federation today there are three main systems: state, private and municipal.
Each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. The state (Federal) and municipal health
systems are United by the common term “public health”. It is a system of scientific and practical
measures, as well as providing their structures of medical and non-medical nature, the activities
of which are aimed at the implementation of the concept of protection and promotion
of public health, prevention of diseases and injuries, increasing the duration of active life and
working capacity by combining the efforts of society. Additional payment for medical services
in the CHI by the general public is not advisable. It is necessary to change the concept of additional
service, its legal status and to regulate the basic provisions. Changes in the regulatory
framework of the CHI system is deemed to be the basis for reforming the system of compulsory
and voluntary health insurance in Russia. The article describes the main problems of the
CHI system in Russia. This applies not only to the legal regulation of the system, but also to
the financing of the system, its feasibility and economic efficiency. Also in the article the variants
of the decision of reforming of insurance in the medical sphere are specified. The main
regulatory and legal criteria for the provision of compulsory and additional health insurance
of the population are presented. We have developed a new algorithm for solving problems in
the CHI system.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 14; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: national health care system

value: health insurance organizations

value: health care reform in Russia

value: paid medical services and CHI


dc.contributor.author

value: Shilov, Viktor V.

value: Yudin, Mikhail A.

value: Vengerovich, Nikolai G.

value: Shcherbakov, Taras V.

value: Bogacheva, Aleksandra S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shilov V. V., Yudin M. A., Vengerovich N. G., Shcherbakov T. V., Bogacheva A. S. Bioavailability Study of Recombinant Plasmid DNA Nerve Growth Factor after Intramuscular Injection by Electroporation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2019, vol. 14, issue 1, pp. 89– 97.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Comparative analysis of plasmid DNA delivery into cells efficiency (with effective agent concentration
250 μg/kg), ensuring accumulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) after intramuscular
injection and intramuscular administration using electroporation method on rats was performed.
Application of electroporation method ensured over 4 times increase of DNA plasmid
concentration in muscle tissue within the first hour after its injection and increased the
duration of its determination. Higher bioavailability parameters were confirmed by 3 times
increase in gene expression level, encoding NGF accumulation and 3 times increase in concentration
of the target NGF protein in blood plasma. The results obtained allow us to recommend
this method for introduction of NGF plDNA in its biological activity and effectiveness
in models of nerve damage investigation.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: plasmid DNA

value: pharmacokinetics

value: gene expression

value: bioavailability

value: electroporation


dc.contributor.author

value: Tulchinskii, Grigorii L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tulchinskii G. L. Three narratives of political science: perspectives of interdisciplinary political studies. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2019, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 174–200.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Modern political science faces significant challenges in methodology, positioning, and disciplinary
reproduction. Virtually all of these challenges (both internalist and externalist) are due
to the reduction of the methodology of political science to the positivist paradigm. Examples
of concepts of political culture, democratic transit, hybrid regimes, post-secularity, political
will are a demonstration of the positivist paradigm weaknesses. The positivist methodological
orientation dominance gives such the cost in political science as both in the reduction of the
scientific explanation to the evaluative categorization and in the elimination from the subject of
consideration of the actual political subject and his will. Answers to these challenges suggest
systematization of the interdisciplinary narrative of political knowledge. It is necessary to expand
the methodological horizon of the analysis of political reality. Such expansion is possible
on the interdisciplinary approach basis, which is specified in this work as fixing and disclosing
the poly-narrative content of political knowledge. The dynamics of political reality is revealed
through the procedure (algorithm, technology) of the generation of a phenomenon or concept
with the help of narratives, the corresponding formulation of factology, theoretical constructs
and the goals of political reality analysis. In turn, the history of the generation procedure, taking
into account the social forces game reveal the individual nature of political phenomena. In this regard, it becomes clear that the key role for modern political science is precisely the
validity of the goals pursued, problem orientation, i. e. “expediency” of the planned or carried
out the activity. The criterion of science is not in the methods, but in solving the problem, which
is guaranteed by the adequacy of the methods used. The proposed approach opens up new
possibilities for analyzing and explaining the political processes dynamics, the role of specific
political forces, socio-cultural and personal factors in them.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out within the framework of the grant of the RNF (No. 18-18-00442)
“Mechanisms of sense formation and textualization in social narrative and performative discourses
and practices” at the Baltic Federal University named after I. Kant.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 15; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: constructivism

value: interdisciplinarity

value: narratives

value: positivism

value: political science

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shabrov, Oleg F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shabrov O. F. Global political management factors: new opportunities and new risks. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2019, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 236–244.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the new millennium, humanity is confronted with global changes that have radically changed
the world and have a growing influence on the domestic and foreign policies of states. The struggle
for global hegemony between the United States and leading China, the rivalry of national
states with transnational corporations and global financial centers for resources in conditions of
the limit of anthropogenic pressure on nature, undermine state sovereignty and question the advantages
of the consumer society model that is a role model now. Based on the urge to unlimited
growth in the consumption of material goods, the model of consumer society in the West leads
mankind to an ecological catastrophe. An alternative could be a development model based on
stimulating consumption of not material, but spiritual values. The advantages of this model, perhaps,
will demonstrate the countries of the East. Another group of global factors challenges the
reproduction of national cultures, the preservation of national state identity, and the functioning
of established models of democracy in Western countries The problem of social inheritance of
behavioral patterns embedded in the culture, triggered by accelerated rates of historical development,
migration processes, global communication, together with the growing deficit of state sovereignty,
calls into question the possibility of political governance in the conditions of the people
as a source of power on the basis of the institute of representative democracy. It is concluded that
the solution of these problems is possible only if the priorities of political management are shifted
from the material sphere to the sphere of spiritual consumption; orientation, primarily on the areas
of socialization, education and culture.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: global factors

value: political governance

value: world hegemony cycle

value: transnational corporations

value: world financial centers

value: anthropogenic pressure

value: culture

value: information society

value: representative democracy


dc.contributor.author

value: Riga, D.

value: Riga, Sorin

value: Budisteanu, Magdalena

value: Scripnic, Vitalie V.

value: Budisteanu, Bogdan

value: Dionisie, Vlad

dc.identifier.citation

value: Riga D., Riga S., Budisteanu M., Budisteanu B., Dionisie V., Scripnic V. V. Ageing Acceleration and Disease Onset: Ontogenetic Specificity of Pathogenetic Mechanisms. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2019, vol. 14, issue 2, pp. 105–122.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article which unfortunately happened to be the last poshumous paper published by recently
deseased Prof. Habil. Dan Riga, MD, PhD, DHc, is devoted to the problem of imperfection
and vulnerability of the natural genetically determined adaptation mechanisms available
to human being. All defensive mechanisms encoded in human reactivity are principally imperfect
and have to cause secondary harm. It means that the very defence is pathogenic, especially
in chronic situations when the natural cost of adaptation increases to unbearably high
level. That is central paradigm of the whole science of Pathophysiology. The imperfection and
secondary pathogenicity of natural defence (autopathokinesis) was emphasized earlier, since
first coined by August Weismann, for example in works published by L. P. Churilov. This article
analyses the basic aspects of health and disease under the aforementioned bias, with original
interpretation of the role of vulnerability and imperfection of human defensive mechanisms
in chronic repeated stress and within the continuum of physiologic and pathological senescence.
The principle is illustrated by several examples from the general pathology of typical
pathological processes and with the correlations to most important geriatric syndromes and
diseases. According the statements of the authors, the human being has an ontogenetic route,
from childhood and youth health, through adulthood, towards old age (senescence) and related
multiple pathology (including dementia). Human vulnerability is extremely complex and
manifests at different levels: macromolecular, sub-cellular, cellular, tissual, of organs, of biological
system, with additional specific traits for the central nervous system. Slowly, throughout
individual ontogenesis, closely related to vulnerability, an etiopathogenic cascade (tetrad) develops: it is entropic, of structures disorganisation and disturbance of their functioning:
distress wear-and-tear “ageing” poly-pathology. Its dynamics is self-sustained, aggravated, and
rendered more complex by vicious patho-physiological multiplication circuits.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 14; Issue 2

value: ontogenesis

value: sanogenesis

value: distress

value: oxidative stress

value: wear

value: ectropic

value: brain volatility

value: optoptosis

value: telomere

value: telomerase

value: molecular chaperones

value: heat-shoch proteins (HSB)

value: etiopathogenic entropy cascade

value: stressful lifestyles


dc.contributor.author

value: Berezka, Svetlana M.

value: Sheresheva, Marina Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berezka S. M., Sheresheva M. Y. 2019. Neurophysiological methods to study consumer perceptions of television advertising content. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (2): 175–203.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper presents the results of neuromarketing research based on the use of neurophysiological and survey methods that are aimed to identify differences in perception of dynamic advertising content for food and non-food product categories. The role of sensory sensations in consumer behavior and the potential of neurophysiological marketing tools to observe sensory effects on the consumer are considered. The results of an empirical study conducted in the laboratory of the Neurotrend company present data on the respondents’ perception of present-day commercials. To identify differences in the perception of dynamic advertising content for the categories of food and non-food products, indicators based on neurophysiological marketing research methods (electroencephalogram records, vegetative reactions and eye movement data), as well as respondents’ evaluations of advertising materials and advertised products, were used. The most strongest contrast in respondents’ perception of food and non-food advertising were obtained in terms of Interest. This neuromarketing indicator reflects an intellectual-emotional process, i. e. a motivational state that encourages cognitive activity. The study confirms that neurophysiological methods allow us to identify differences in perception of advertising materials. This indicates the importance of sensory sensations in shaping the general consumer perception as well as prospects of neuromarketing technologies as a way to overcome a number of limitations inherent in traditional consumer research methods. The obtained results form the basis for further research, including models unveiling the dependence of the neurophysiological response on the sensory profile of the product.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 18; Issue 2

value: market research

value: neuromarketing

value: consumer behavior

value: advertising efficiency

value: sensory marketing

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shaposhnikov, Lev E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shaposhnikov L. E. Philosophical and pedagogical views of S. S. Uvarov. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 2, pp. 320–335.

dc.description.abstract

value: S. S. Uvarov was one key person in the Russian government from the 1830s to the 1850s, heading the Ministry of Public Education for sixteen years in succession. There is a rich body of literature evaluating his activity that is often negatively viewed, especially considering the opinion of Soviet-era scholars. Consequently, a more objective assessment of Uvarov’s policies, devoid of ideological clichés, is warranted. The theoretical basis of his activity was grounded in philosophical and political views, and an analysis reveals not only the minister’s level of intelligence, but also to what extent his ideas were realized. Historico-logical and comparative research methods reveal the place of Uvarov’s concepts on social thinking in Russia and his originality vis-à-vis foreign and domestic thinkers. Concerning philosophy, Uvarov aimed at uniting “metaphysics efforts and religion’,” the alliance of which he was certain would provide an opportunity to correctly understand human nature and to create an adequate history of philosophy. The key formula of the latter for explaining the specificity of Russian history is his famous triad of orthodoxy, autocracy, and nationality. The primary goal of education, as the minister stressed, is to solve two tasks: to introduce students to modern and scientific knowledge, and to raise them in compliance with the “national spirit.”

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 35; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: philosophy

value: history

value: orthodoxy

value: autocracy

value: nationality

value: Europe

value: Russia

value: regularity

value: revolution

value: teacher


dc.contributor.author

value: Sukhoveeva, Olga E.

value: Karelin, Dmitry V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sukhoveeva, O. E., Karelin, D. V. (2019). Parametrization of the model DNDC for evaluating components of carbon biogeochemical cycle in the European part of Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (2), 363–384.

dc.description.abstract

value: The aim of this research was to parameterize the simulation model DNDC (DeNitrificationDeComposition) to estimate components of the carbon biogeochemical cycle in arable soils of the European part of Russia. Methodological recommendations for DNDC use were developed on the basis of official statistical data, literature sources, as well as our results obtained earlier during initial approbation of the model. Principles of preparation of input information such as natural (climatic and soil conditions) and anthropogenic (tillage, fertilization, crops yield) factors were established. Internal parameters of the model including soil characteristics (depth of top soil, C : N ratio, and soil organic carbon fractions) and crops biology (heat and water demand, C : N ratio, and biomass fractions) were corrected; also a standardized description of the main cultivation technologies was developed in the model’s format. A method for evaluation of modelling efficiency was offered; it is a complex consisting of five criteria: the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, the Theil coefficient, the Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and the F-test of equality of variance. For verification of the adapted model DNDC to Russian conditions, data of two field experiments aimed at measuring СО2 emissions in Kursk and Moscow regions were used, as well as published information about СО2 emission and carbon balance in arable soils in Kursk, Moscow, Orel, Samara, and Vladimir regions. At the step of verification, the accuracy of obtained results was confirmed by a set of relevant statistical criteria: there was medium correlation between experimental values of CO2 emission and modelled ones; as results of ANOVA showed, the average measured value of emission and the calculated one are similar; Theil coefficients less than 0.3 and positive Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients confirmed the correctness of changes inputted into the model. It was proved that the developed parametrization method is effective for estimating components of carbon biogeochemical cycle in the European part of Russia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Параметризация модели, анализ климатических условий и разработка метода пяти компонентов для оценки эффективности моделирования проведены в соответствии с темой ГЗ № 0148-2018-0006 (перерегистр. № 0148-2019-0009) и Программой Президиума РАН № 51 (№ 0148-2018-0036). Верификация и сравнение эффективности моделирования по данным полевых опытов сделаны в рамках проекта РНФ № 18-17-00178.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: arable soils

value: carbon biogeochemical cycle

value: carbon dioxide emission

value: European part of Russian

value: model DNDC


dc.contributor.author

value: Amaro Medina, Daniel R.

value: Dmitriev, Vasiliy V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Amaro Medina, D. R., Dmitriev, V. V. (2019). Approaches to assessment and GIS-mapping of sustainability and environmental well-being of geosystems. Integral assessment of ecological status of fluvial systems. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (2), 162–184.

dc.description.abstract

value: We consider the theoretical and methodological aspects and the experience of using methods for characterizing the ecological status (ES) of fluvial systems. The problems of development of multilevel and multi-criteria classifications of ES; stages and results of assessment research are discussed. Evaluation of ES can be performed on the basis of biocentrism in the study of fluvial systems or with an anthropocentric approach that takes into account the planning of fluvial systems use for various purposes with special attention to environment conservation and resource reproduction. Such an approach determines the axiological base and the choice of necessary and sufficient criteria and evaluation priorities. The assessment scales were developed in consideration of each component evaluation and indicator approach and can use incomplete, inaccurate, non-numerical assessments data. It was concluded that ES is an example of a system emergent property that combines its ability to produce organic substances in accordance with the natural history of fluvial systems, to maintain high quality of the habitat and biota, high biodiversity, resistance to changes in natural conditions and anthropogenic impacts; high velocity in the system of natural purification and low velocity of pollution and acidification; and maintenance of outlined system properties over a long time period. This research is focused on the development of models for quantitative integral assessment of the state of fluvial systems, their systemic properties that are characterized by the emergence of new functional units (integral indicators of different groups, summarizing indicators) that reflect the system integrity, serve as the base for taxonomy, and allow comparison of the state of systems in space and time. Integral assessment assumes the implementation of assessment with some uncertainty, taking into consideration different phases of the unification of multicriterial preliminary assessments with evaluation of their significance for overall assessment. This may take into account the significance of various indicators and their input to consolidated value. The development of integral indicators of ES is discussed in hypothetical examples of river drainage basin systems and on the base of assessment of ES of the river itself (Msta River) and its drainage basin (landscape).

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при поддержке грантов РФФИ № 19-05-00683 и 18-05-60291.

dc.subject

value: integral assessment

value: ecological status

value: fluvial system

value: system “river drainage basin”

value: ecosystem stability

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Trubitsina, Nina

value: Zemlyanko, Olga

value: Moskalenko, Svetlana

value: Zhouravleva, Galina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trubitsina, N., Zemlyanko, J., Moskalenko, S., and Zhouravleva, G. 2019. From past to future: suppressor mutations in yeast genes encoding translation termination factors. Bio. Comm. 64(2): 89–109.

dc.description.abstract

value: The study of the SUP45 and SUP35 genes of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the laboratory of Physiological Genetics of St. Petersburg State University began in 1964 when the first omnipotent nonsense suppressor mutations were obtained. During the following 55 years, a lot of information about these genes has been gained through the research efforts of various laboratories. Now we know that SUP45 and SUP35 encode translation termination factors eRF1 and eRF3, respectively. Both genes are essential, and sup45 and sup35 mutations lead not only to impaired translation but also to multiple pleiotropic effects. The aim of this review is to summarize known data about suppressor mutations in SUP45 or SUP35 genes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 18-14-00050) (parts 1-5) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant 19-04-00173) (part 6: “Suppression due to prion [PSI+]”); modelling of the 3D structure of eRF1-eRF3C-GDPNP protein complex with suppressor missense mutations was done in the frame of the State Research Program (0112-2016-0015).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: translation termination

value: suppression

value: nonsense mutations

value: missense mutations

value: [PSI+] prion

value: S. cerevisiae


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasilyev, Oleg D.

value: Ogureeva, Galina N.

value: Chistov, Sergey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasilyev, O. D., Ogureeva, G. N., Chistov, S. V. (2019). The assessment of forest coenotic diversity and its dynamics in Moscow region reference landscapes based on remote sensing data. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (2), 185–205.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article presents the results of the assessment of the coenotic variety of forests of reference landscapes of glacial and water-ice genesis of the Moscow region in different physico-geographical regions, such as Verkhnevolzhskaya lowland, Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya range, Teplostanskaya Upland and Meshcherskaya lowland. The assessment basis was the vegetation map of the Moscow region (1 : 200 000) and space images of the Landsat system. A basic unit of assessment is epiassociation, which presents the ecological condition of the forest cover. It provides the possibility of using the ratio of indigenous, short- and long-term communities to determine the extent of human impact and forest ecological functions preservation. Based on the cartographic method of research, landscape complexes of forest types have been identified, and the ecosystem diversity at the local level has been assessed. The vegetation map of the Moscow region has been updated as a result. The authors found that in the landscape of Verkhnevolzhskaya lowland the main spaces are occupied by fir and pine short-term forests. The landscapes of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya range and Meshcherskaya lowland are dominated by coniferous forests; the Teplostanskaya Upland — by coniferous-deciduous forests. In all considered landscapes, the authors noted a strong reduction of forest cover. Primarily it is associated with the human impact increase on natural ecosystems. The strongest reduction in forest areas and forest cover fragmentation occurred in the landscapes of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya range and Teplostanskaya Upland. Reduction maps of forest cover of reference landscapes were compiled based on the data obtained.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 2

value: forest dynamics

value: biodiversity

value: landscape complex of forest types

value: ecological functions of forest

value: cartographic research method

value: remote sensing of forest

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikitina, Larisa P.

value: Babushkina, Miriam S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikitina, L. P., Babushkina, M. S. (2019). Superchondritic Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios in peridotites and eclogites of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle: data from mantle xenoliths. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (2), 294–314.

dc.description.abstract

value: The analysis of author’s and literary data on concentrations of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf and on Nb/ Ta and Zr/Hf relations in eclogite and peridotite xenoliths from a subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath Pcm cratons allowed us to establish the following: (1) Xenoliths of mantle peridotites from the kimberlites of Kaapvaal, North American and Siberian cratons (temperature from 900–1000 to 1350–1400 °C, pressure from 1.5–2.0 to 5–6 GPa, Δ log f O2 FMQ from –5 to –3) are enriched with Nb and Ta relative to chondrite CI and primitive mantle PM, whereas peridotites from the mantle of the North China craton are close to CI in their content or depleted in comparison to it; (2) Despite significant fluctuations, superhondritic values of Nb/Ta (> 17.4) and Zr/Hf (> 36.0) are characteristic of most peridotite xenoliths from the subcratonic mantle, with the exception of North China craton mantle xenoliths, where they are close to or below CI; (3) In the xenoliths of eclogites from the mantle of the Kasai, Man, Slave cratons (temperature from 900–1000 to 1400–1500 °C, pressure from 3 to 5–6 GPa), the content of Nb is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those in CI and PM, and the ratio of Nb/Ta ranges from chondritic to superchondritic values. The results of the analysis thus indicate that the SCLM zones, corresponding to the area of diamond stability, are one of the tanks in BSE with superchondritic Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf values.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена в рамках госбюджетных тем ИГГД РАН (№ 0153-2014-0002, 0153-2015-0008).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: subcontinental lithospheric mantle

value: peridotites

value: eclogites

value: Nb, Ta, Zr и Hf fractionation


dc.contributor.author

value: Smolenchuk, Olga Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Smolenchuk O. Yu. Report ‘Srebrenica: a safe area’: intra-political discussions & public attention. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 242– 254.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper analyzes the political and public reaction to the report “Srebrenica: a ‘safe’ area” published by the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation in 2002. The point of contention concerns the admission of responsibility and fault for the Dutchbat actions in the Balkans in 1995, and the attitude of the Dutch citizens to peacekeeping, evaluation of the Government’s actions regarding the deployment abroad. For the Netherlands as a state that is always committed to the actions within the international legal framework, the moral and ethical aspects of the humanitarian intervention play a significant role as well as the state’s behavior in the international arena. The topic currently remains relevant for the other EU member-states in the light of the ongoing conflict in Syria and related issues of migration/asylum requests, border security, and counteractions to terrorism. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the NIOD report publication influenced the Dutch foreign and domestic policy, why the peacekeeping strategy was revisited. The article examines inquiries of the parliamentary and the other different commissions, research and political publications, documentary evidence, and Mass Media. The author describes a method of parallel processing used by the Dutch historian Eelco Runia while studying the NIOD Report. After Srebrenica, an enormous amount of investigations and inquiries have been witnessing a growth of contradictions in the Dutch establishment, ambivalence, and a lack of unanimity in the conduct of the Dutch peacekeeping policy. The Netherlands as an international partner has lost the confidence of other states. While the issue of the fall of the enclave is still sensitive in the Netherlands, in general, the Dutch Government has acknowledged its responsibility for the deaths of Bosnian civilians.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 12; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Netherlands

value: peacekeeping

value: Srebrenica

value: NIOD report

value: Dutch peacekeeping


dc.contributor.author

value: Eissa, Sergio Gabriel

dc.identifier.citation

value: Eissa S. G. Åland Islands: lessons for the conflict of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas Islands)? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 210– 228.

dc.description.abstract

value: Falkland Islands (Malvinas Islands) are not on the agenda of the Mauricio Macri´s government (2015–2019) and were, on the contrary, a key issue during the governments of Néstor Kirchner (2003–2007) and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007–2015). However, it can be argued that the conflict over sovereignty between Argentina and Great Britain has not been a priority of the governmental agenda since the end of the Malvinas War (1982). This means that Argentina’s foreign policy has lacked creativity and realism with respect to the conflict and has chosen to continue making formal presentations within the framework of the United Nations so as not to affect commercial interests in the relationship between the two countries; or to carry out theatrical unilateral measures to use the conflict to obtain votes in internal political dynamics, manipulating to Argentine nationalist feelings. Firstly, the present article analyzes the main historical and strategic aspects of the conflict around the Malvinas Islands. Subsequently, the resolution of the dispute between Sweden and Finland over the sovereignty of the Åland Islands is reviewed. Finally, there are some reflections on what could be a third way for Argentina’s foreign policy belong to this problem.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Malvinas Islands

value: Falkland Islands

value: Åland Islands

value: Argentina

value: United Kingdom

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Jubran, Bruno Mariotto

value: Jeifets, Victor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jubran B. M., Jeifets V. Foes, friends or indifferent players? Assessing national energy strategies and possible agenda for cooperation between Brazil and Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 181–197.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article aims at analyzing the actual and potential cooperation between Brazil and Russia — two BRICS countries — in energy issues. Addressing energy security in global affairs and national strategies is quite obvious due to its centrality in shaping contemporary civilization. While energy is also vital for International Relations and for the foreign policy of particular countries, the topic remains quite underdeveloped in Brazil-Russia relations. This contradiction is the main problem raised in the article. There are two main lines of explanation for that question. The first one implies that cooperation between Brazil and Russia is hindered due to poor legal foundations in the energy sector and constant government interference in the business environment in both nations. The second rationale states that both nations allegedly do not share similar interests, or even behave as competitors in each other’s or third markets, as they have been suppliers of energy in the global market. We shall advance the third line of argumentation, which contends that even if previous arguments are valid, the role of other players — either foreign governments or private enterprises — should not be underrated to understand possible limitations and setbacks in bilateral relations, in particular in energy matters. Moreover, lack of clarity and definition in energy policy and security is perhaps more convincing than constant government interference, especially in Brazil, and to a lesser extent, Russia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was prepared within the marks of the research grant provided by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFFI), Grant No. 19-014-00042 (Latin America in the New World Order: perspectivas and challenges).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: Brazil

value: BRICS

value: energy security

value: bilateral relations


dc.contributor.author

value: González Levaggi, Ariel

dc.identifier.citation

value: González Levaggi A. Latin America faces Eurasian conflicts: assessing regional responses in the age of Russia — United States tensions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 198–209.

dc.description.abstract

value: From the ‘August’ crisis in 2008 to the high-scale intervention in the Syrian Civil War there had been increasing tensions between Russia and West that changed the global geopolitical scenario. The bulk of the literature has focused mostly on the bilateral relations between the U.S. and the Russian Federation, and its strategic implications in conflictive regional orders such as the Post-Soviet Space, Middle East and the Black Sea region. By looking at the international impact of regional conflicts in Central Eurasia, this paper seeks to shed light on the strategic triangle in the Western Hemisphere which brings Latin America, next to Washington and Moscow. By using a systemic framework, this article argues that rising tension between US and Russia affects not only the strategic calculations of Latin American chancelleries but also the type of Moscow’s regional strategy which would be more prone to emphasize geopolitical over economic factors, affecting negatively the degree of Russian influence in the region. To assess these arguments, I present two types of empirical elements. On the one hand, I present data about UN General Assembly voting in the 1991–2015 period which shows that there had been a decline in the voting agreement between Latin America and Russia in the last decade, while the region has improved its engagement with the US. On the other hand, I analyze briefly how Argentina, Mexico and Brazil vote in the specific cases of the Georgian and Ukrainian conflicts at the UN General Assembly and UN Security Council.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 12; Issue 2

value: Latin America

value: New Cold War


dc.contributor.author

value: Jeifets, Victor

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jeifets V. Latin America in search of new formats of international cooperation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 130–138.

dc.description.abstract

value: The rapid spread of information and communication technologies, trans-nationalization and hybridization of international actors influenced the entire system of international relations. The globalization trend is more and more often competing with the de-globalization trend, and in the 21st century the unipolar world began to give way to a polycentric world order, where regions, formerly considered the world periphery play a special role; Latin and Caribbean America (LCA) is an example of this trend. At the same time, the new centers are often lagging behind in the scientific and technical sphere, they lack foreign investment, some of them face devaluations, many of these countries are involved in regional military and/or political conflicts. From time to time, they dramatically lose the accumulated potential of influence due to large-scale economic crises (Brazil and Venezuela in recent years are good examples of this trend). The region participates actively in many world processes and they are actively involved in integration processes within their own continent and also make a significant contribution to the development of an informal dialogue along the “South” — “South” line (such as G77, BRICS, IBSA, MIKTA). Today, LCA is also experiencing a period of formation of a new regional configuration, when new territorial reorganization contributed to the emergence of various regional groups (ALBA, CELAC, Pacific Alliance, Mesoamerica project and UNASUR). However, in the past few years, a number of events and factors have had a major impact on the LCA integration process, leading to its serious reconfiguration. The endless economic crisis and noticeable political instability in Venezuela were lethal to ALBA and UNASUR and also affected (albeit to a lesser extent) MERCOSUR. CELAC, created as a platform for cooperation and consultation under the slogan “unity in diversity”, also encountered obvious difficulties in the context of the growing political heterogeneity of the region. The LCA is about reformatting the integration process, the complementarity of the existing blocks towards each other. The purpose of this issue is to show the place of the region in the context of the system of international relations and to demonstrate the different perception of it within LCA countries, to indicate their abilities to formulate particular and common responses to new challenges, to formulate their own priorities independent from global actors’ interest and to achieve them on the world stage.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 12; Issue 2

value: Latin and Caribbean America

value: multipolar world

value: regional integration

value: foreign policy

value: international politics

value: non-hemispheric actors

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsvetkova, Natalia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsvetkova N. A. Why Yalta-Potsdam order has not been revised? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 255–259.

dc.description.abstract

value: Book review: Fenenko, A. V. (2018), Sovremennaia istoriia mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii 1991–2018 gg. [Modern history of international relations 1991–2018], 3rd ed., Aspekt Press, Moscow, Russia.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Shaposhnik, Vyacheslav V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shaposhnik V. V. Another Biography of the First Russian Tsar. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 2, рp. 786–794.

dc.description.abstract

value: In 2018, a new book by a famous historian D. M. Volodikhin dedicated to the first Russian Tsar — “Ivan IV the Terrible: Orphan Tsar” was published in the series “Life of Outstanding People”. Unfortunately, the work contains a range of inaccuracies, some of the author’s suggestions are not substantiated, a sequence of events is distorted. Thus, for example, the author dates all the fires in Moscow in 1547 by the same month — April; mixes up military activities of the initial period of Livonian War; states that Moscow Mutiny took place before the coronation of Ivan IV. Similarly, the historian’s conclusions on the voluntary taking the veil by the Grand Princess Solomonia Saburova, on striving for the throne by some Russian noblemen, on diplomatic activity of Ivan the Terrible seem to be unconvincing. That said, the book by D. M. Volodikhin includes some interesting and proper observations and conclusions. However, the impression is significantly marred by persistent references to “orphanage” and “artistry”. Such embellishments are appropriate in fiction, but not in a historical biography. Also, it’s hard to escape the impression that the book was prepared in haste, which resulted in inaccuracies that can’t benefit an academic research. Such mistakes could have easily been avoided by addressing primary sources. At the same time, we believe that this book by D. M. Volodikhin will find its audience who, having familiarized themselves with it, would like to go deeper into the subject and turn to other studies dedicated to a very interesting period of the reign of the first Russian Tsar.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Ivan the Terrible

value: D. M. Volodikhin

value: biography

value: orphanage

value: oprichnina

value: coronation


dc.contributor.author

value: Manukhin, Alexey

value: Robles Herrera, Areli

dc.identifier.citation

value: Manukhin, A., Robles Herrera, A. Mexico’s Evolving Security Cooperation Policy in Central America. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 169–180.

dc.description.abstract

value: Mexico has long attempted to enter the Central American sub-region for its own strategic interests. Besides, throughout the 20th century, the “progressive” foreign policy ideology strongly influenced its approach to the republics of the Isthmus. The benefits from the mechanisms of building lasting civic peace during the 1980s Central American conflict won Mexico the reputation of a constructive negotiator in Latin America and beyond. However, with the security agenda and international system becoming more complicated, there are fewer levers for active foreign policy in the area. Mexico is struggling to “reset” its policy in the sub-region while experiencing serious security challenges at home and pressure from abroad, balancing between its dependence upon the United States and pretensions for independent mediumpower status. In this article we examine the search by Mexico for new security instruments in Central America, putting forward the issues of mutual development, migration and combat on violence. Particular attention is paid to the change in Mexico-U.S. relationship as regards Central America, both in matters of its domestic policy and international assistance efforts. It is concluded that the sub-region provides Mexico with wide opportunities not only to establish partnerships along the lines of regional cooperation but also use the smaller republics to the south as a model for solving its own security problems.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 12; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Mexico

value: Central America

value: United States

value: security

value: cooperation


dc.contributor.author

value: Briskina-Müller, Anna M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Briskina-Müller A. M. Wanderers, Refugees and Pilgrims. Blessed Paisus Velichkovsky and the Problem of Pilgrimage. Issues of Theology, 2019, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 235– 251.

dc.description.abstract

value:
St. Paisius Velichkovsky (1722–1794) is known above all as the reformer of spiritual
eldership as well as the translator of the patristic texts included in Dobrotolubiye
(Philokalia). Less well known is his role as the abbot of the brotherhood founded
by him on the Holy Mount which lived on later in monasteries of Moldavia. While
the trend towards national liberation as well as separation of national Churches
and, at the same time, intra-Orthodox intolerance were growing among the Slavic
Balkan peoples, Paisius spiritually guided monks from about ten nationalities, introduced
bilingual (Slavic and Romanian) worship services and bilingual doctrinal
talks for his brothers, and carried out correspondence in three languages (Slavic,
Romanian, Greek). With his own experience of being a wandering monk and with
his knowledge of the monastic life of three different cultural and political spaces
(the Russian Empire, Moldavia, and Athos), as well as his experience of mutual obedience,
Paisius was able to maintain both multilingualism and unanimity in such
a heterogeneous brotherhood. Multilingualism, mutual obedience and continuous
reading formed the basis on which Paisius’ project was created, carrying not only
the traditional elements of Eastern monasticism, but also the features of the epoch,
allowing it to be considered also as part of the Enlightenment’s project.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 1; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: monasticism

value: wandering

value: hospitality

value: pilgrimage

value: laypeople in the monastery

value: the Orthodoxy in the 18th century

value: the Kievan Academy

value: the Orthodoxy and the Enlightenment

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Karpinskaia, Emilia O.

value: Shirokova, Galina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karpinskaia E. O., Shirokova G. V. 2019. Entrepreneurial leadership: Approaches to definition and main research directions. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (1): 235–260.

dc.description.abstract

value: This paper offers an analysis of the main studies on entrepreneurial leadership, which is aimed at identifying the features of concept development, generalization and systematization of knowledge in this area. The analysis was based on publications in the leading international research journals during the period from 1994 to 2018. It results in the development of the main approaches to defining the entrepreneurial leadership, which made it possible to trace the evolution of the concept development, and presentation of the research directions and their results. The entrepreneurial leadership concept, which emerged at the intersection of leadership and entrepreneurship theoretical perspectives, has now prompted far from its initial stage of development, which began in the 1980s, but it still hasn’t reached its final theoretical configuration. A combination of disparate theoretical and methodological approaches in active development of empirical research on this topic results in two problems: a difficulty in understanding the entrepreneurial leadership in various contexts and ambiguous results. The revealed characteristics of the current stage of the concept development allowed us to give general recommendations regarding its further development in terms of integrity as well as to identify relevant topics for research. The importance of including the entrepreneurial leadership concept in the field of scientific knowledge is explained by the fact that it will integrate the theoretical knowledge related to the processes of becoming an entrepreneur, his or her leadership features, factors of success, determinants of new venture teams formation and development, new firms performance. The results of this study are relevant for researchers who are interested in studying both the entrepreneurship and strategic management.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: entrepreneurial leadership

value: literature review

value: research directions


dc.contributor.author

value: Lunkov, Alexander S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lunkov A. S. I. G. Burtsov’s Philosophical Ideas: between J. Locke and I. Kant. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 2, pp. 273–284.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper studies I. G. Burtsov’s philosophical ideas. Burtsov was one of the main representatives of the Decembrist movement and a respected specialist in military theory. In his youth, Burtsov was greatly influenced by the philosophy of the Enlightenment, and especially of J. Locke. This was because the organization of teaching in the Moscow Noble Boarding School, where Burtsov studied, was based on Locke’s pedagogy and philosophy. After the Napoleonic wars, Burtsov engaged in active military education and theoretical research in the philosophy of war and military science. His active work occurred in the period for choosing the further development of Russian military science. In continental Europe in the first quarter of the nineteenth century there were two main schools of military thought: the Prussian and the French. The development of Burtsov’s ideas would allow Russian military science to develop as an original branch of European military thought. Burtsov wrote his main theoretical work, Thoughts on the theory of military knowledge, in 1819 after private lessons with professors of St. Petersburg University, most of whom were followers of Kant’s critical philosophy. Some Kantian ideas we find in Burtsov’s works and in letters. Synthesizing the ideas of Locke, Kant, and famous European military thinkers, Burtsov created an original philosophical basis for the development of military science. This foundation was unclaimed because of a radical change in the social and political life of Russia in 1825.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 35; Issue 2

value: I. G. Burtsov

value: J. Locke

value: I. Kant

value: philosophy of war

value: military science

value: the Decembrist movement


dc.contributor.author

value: Mishulovich, Pavel M.

value: Petrov, Sergey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mishulovich P. M., Petrov S. V. (2019). Geometallurgical models creation principles. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (2), 249–266.

dc.description.abstract

value: The following article explores the aspects of geometallurgy model creation and its position in the general chain of geological and technological mapping. The following article describes the model creation process and principles applied in the framework of different approaches to geometallurgy model creation. Currently, this type of modeling is considered the most important and reliable tool for forecasting the technological and economic performance of mining companies. The most progressive is the approach based on the use of quantitative mineralogical analysis for geological and technological modeling, which is very labor-intensive and requires modern and expensive equipment. An approach is being developed in the Russian Federation that is based on the transformation of a geological database into a technological one. The article discusses the algorithm for creating geometallurgy models, which includes several components: exploration, mineralogical and petrographic, technological, statistical, geostatistical and economic. The most important points of modeling are studies to identify the factors that determine ore processing and criteria for ore typification, which ultimately leads to the development of principles for recognizing types of ore in each geological sample. It is in this way that the geological database is converted into a geological-technological database, and a geological-technological model is created on its basis.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 2

value: modeling in geology

value: mineral processing

value: geometallurgy

value: geometallurgy models

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mamon, Ludmila

value: Ginanova, Viktoria

value: Kliver, Sergey

value: Toropko, Mariya

value: Golubkova, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mamon, L., Ginanova, V., Kliver, S., Toropko, M., and Golubkova, E. 2019. Organ-specific transcripts as a source of gene multifunctionality: lessons learned from the Drosophila melanogaster sbr (Dm nxf1) gene. Bio. Comm. 64(2): 146–157.

dc.description.abstract

value: Analysis of the transcriptomes of different organisms has demonstrated that a single gene can have multiple transcripts. The sources of transcriptional variability are the alternative promoters, polyadenylation sites, splicing, and RNA editing. A comparison of the organisms of different taxa has demonstrated that the complexity of organization during evolution arises not due to an increase in the number of protein-coding genes. The greatest variability of transcripts is specific to the nervous and germinal systems. A variety of mechanisms providing for the complexity of the transcriptome ensures a precise and coordinated regulation of organ-specific functions through a combination of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. The D. melanogaster sbr (Dm nxf1) gene has proven to be an excellent model for investigating mechanisms potentially leading to the emergence of multiple products with various functions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (19-04-01255 а).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: nxf (nuclear export factor)

value: D. melanogaster

value: alternative splicing

value: intron retention

value: transcriptional variability

value: alternative polyadenylation


dc.contributor.author

value: Inge‑Vechtomov, Sergey

value: Zhouravleva, Galina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Inge-Vechtomov, S., Zhouravleva, G., and Golubkova, E. 2019. The 100th Anniversary of the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University. Bio. Comm. 64(2): 77–88.

dc.description.abstract

value: At least twice in its history, the Department of Genetics of the St. Petersburg University played a key role in the development of the field of genetics in Russia: first, at the outset of the origins of genetics in the country; and then once again during its comeback after Lysenkoism. At the beginning of the 20th century, the study of genetics in Russia was lagging significantly behind Europe and the United States. The first Russian paper on genetics, “Mendelism or the Theory of Breeding,” was published by Professor Yelly Bogdanov only in 1914 (Bogdanov, 1914), years after Thomas Hunt Morgan and his students had laid the foundation for the chromosome theory of inheritance. This publication is a summary of key achievements and events in science and education that have taken place at the Department of Genetics of the St. Petersburg University over the course of the past 100 years.

dc.subject

value: history of the Department of Genetics of the St. Petersburg University

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Cherenkov, Vitally I.

value: Vereteno, Alexandra A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cherenkov V. I., Vereteno A. A. 2019. Brand and branding: Issues of theory and representation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (2): 145–174.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper aims to explore the topic that — taking into account exclusively numerous studies concerning theoretical and research aspects of branding — seems to be already well investigated. There are a lot of more or less sophisticated conceptual/explanatory and econometric models of brand/branding. The said models, which mainly stem from well-known concepts/constructs found in Aaker’s and Keller’s works, have become classic and are frequently referred to by numerous academic/practice fellows. The paper takes into account interdisciplinary nature and multidimensional assessment of the brand phenomenon. It highlights that despite the active application of branding based on integrated marketing communication, the results of such application are not always successful. A logical-graphic complex cost-value model of branding is presented. This model is based on an analogy drawn from the world of complex numbers in mathematics. Two core parts of the said model are meant to show that there are two main sources the final brand value is supplied from. Two parts of the said model are presented. The first one (‘real’) is ensured by the observance of the principles of total quality management and is evaluated on the basis of objective (comparative) brand product characteristics. The second one (‘mental’) is realized according to the concept of integrated marketing communication and results in consumer’s perceived brand quality (value). A communicative model of branding where a consumer is included not only as an object but a subject is presented. It is hypothesized that the econometric approaches to the branding evaluation are limited and that the use of neuromarketing methods is possible in principle. In addition, the paper comprises comments on the need for further development of the branding theory and clarification in defining its conceptual and categorical paradigm. Directions avenues and methods for further research are proposed.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: brand

value: branding

value: brand value

value: cost-value branding model

value: total quality management

value: integrated marketing communication

value: brand addiction

value: real-mental dualism


dc.contributor.author

value: Semenishchenkov, Yury A.

value: Lobanov, Grigory V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Semenishchenkov, Yu. A., Lobanov, G. V. (2019). Geoecological conditions of habitats of floodplain oak forests in river valleys of the Upper Dnieper basin. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (2), 328–362.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article presents the results of research on the geoecological conditions of floodplain oak forest habitats on the basis of the inventory of their phytocoenotic diversity in the large nature region of Southwestern Nechernozemye of Russia. The authors created a database on floodplain oak forest distribution in the Upper Dnieper basin (Bryansk, Kaluga, Smolensk regions of Russia), comprising the author’s unpublished geobotanical relevés made in 2005–2018, as well as available materials on the regional floodplain forest syntaxonomy. Location information and taxonomic affiliation are organized in a spatial database created with use of MapInfo Professional and reflected on an electronic map, which became the basis for the identification and justification of distribution factors of floodplain oak forests. Communities of hygro- and mesohygrophyte oak forests with a wide enough variety of dominants amid similar overall floristic composition and structure combines ass. Filipendulo ulmariae-Quercetum roboris Polozov et Solomeshch in Semenishchenkov 2015, established by the method of J. Braun-Blanquet. Ten variants formed in different geoecological conditions were identified and described. DCA-ordination of syntaxonomical units demonstrates some ecological patterns of distribution of floodplain oak forests. Despite exponential differences in the composition of coenoflors, syntaxa don not take compact space in the diagram. This is due to the fact that the floristic composition of communities of floodplain forests largely depends on the mode flood length and the height of the flood, which vary from season to season. Coenoflors of floodplain forests consist of ecologically dissimilar species, which enter the communities during periods of environmental fluctuation and then are differentially maintained in communities or eliminated.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-44-320003 р_а «Многолетняя динамика и механизмы восстановления пойменных широколиственных лесов в бассейнах рек Десны и Сожа».

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 2

value: broadleaved forests

value: floodplain

value: syntaxonomy

value: geoecological conditions

value: Upper Dnieper basin


dc.contributor.author

value: Kitaev, Arsenii E.

value: Mironova, Irina I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kitaev A. E., Mironova I. I. 2019. Smart home market in Russia: An empirical study of consumer preferences. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (2): 204–234.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper deals with the research of customer preferences in the context of smart home market. It is aimed at the identification of smart home market segments in Russia. Based on original combination of complex open information sources’ review, social networks and media scanning, brainstorming, focus-groups as well as consumer survey with the special interactive educating part at the beginning the authors made a research of Russian smart home market customer preferences in 2015–2016. The results indicate that there was an interest of potential customers to mass market customized systems uniting safety and remote control network devices. At the present day such systems correspond to Do-It-Yourself sets like EZVIZ or Life Control which are wireless and relatively cheap. This suggests that study findings had been proved and the authors’ approach relevance can be verified. Moreover, the study findings suggest that around 80–90 percent of potential smart home customers in Russia can be attracted with mass market orientation opposite to elite demand satisfaction. Such an orientation can be achieved through the technological typification. Also the authors found that the smart home installation services demand is likely to decrease in the coming years. All these findings can be used to formulate an optimal business strategy for gaining smart home market share when is driven by technologypush tendency instead of market-pull. The results will be also of interest to experts and scholars for improving methods of marketing research in the context of product (service) obscureness to potential customers.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 18; Issue 2

value: market research

value: smart home

value: smart technologies

value: market segmentation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bystrov, Vladimir Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bystrov V. Yu. The destiny of Russian philosophy and modernity. Worldview aims and their influence on the historical and philosophical process. Part II. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 2, pp. 234–249.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article is a continuation of “The Destiny of Russian philosophy and modernity. Transformations of values and transformation of models. Part I.” Both parts are united by an attempt to consider the phenomenon of Russian philosophy as a dispositive connecting such components as “the Russian idea,” the specific relation to metaphysics, and a choice situation between knowledge and belief. If the first part mainly considered the pre-revolutionary period, the second part considers the Soviet and Post-Soviet periods. Russian philosophy of the Soviet period, voluntarily or not, reproduced the dispositive of the messianism and isolationism of the Russian idea. After the opposition of dialectics characteristic of the Soviet period, and metaphysics during the Post-Soviet period, Russian philosophy moves the discussion of the nature of metaphysical knowledge to the sphere of journalism. As for the third element of the dispositive — understanding the choice between belief and knowledge — its originality is that in Russian philosophy, the choice of contrasts is impossible. In general, an examination of the basic elements of the dispositive in Russian philosophy confirms the existence of these elements in all three stages of the history of native philosophical thought. Such important historical and philosophical questions, such as the question of the nature of modal communications between these elements and the question of the nature of relations of power that caused the emergence of this dispositive and supported its existence in changing historical and cultural circumstances, are left out of the field of discussion. Nevertheless, it is possible to confirm the hypothesis of the existence of Russian philosophy as uniform historical whole.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Science Foundation no. 17-18-01440 “An anthropological measurement of the history of philosophy”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 35; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russian philosophy

value: historian of philosophy

value: dispositive

value: method

value: reason


dc.contributor.author

value: Ermichyov, Aleksander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ermichyov A. A. The idea of god-building in the history of Russian thought. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 2, pp. 250–263.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article reviews the idea of God-building in the ranks of the Bolshevik party in the early twentieth century, as well as in Russian thought. The main principles of this idea are atheism, humanism, and rationalism. For the first time God-building is analyzed not only as innerparty strife, but as a possible way to solve the traditional puzzles of God-world, transcendentimmanent, and religious-social relationships. On the one hand, the context for its emergence was social Christianity (as a compromise of the God-world problem), and on the other,the number of attempts by certain Narodniks to employ the religious form of cognition for the liberation movement. The rise of God-building and related ideas is directly connected with the extraordinary social circumstances of the early twentieth century in Russia (a decade of Narodniks, the revolutionary situation of the beginning of the century, and the 1905 revolution), when secular humanism was especially popular. The article analyses the philosophical foundations and main principles (atheism, scientism, and egalitarianism) of the “New Religion” of the prominent Narodnik Bervi-Flerovskii, who is considered the direct ancestor of God-building ideas that he proposed as a mindset for those who support progressive development in Russia. Further, a distinction between Bervi-Flerovskii’s “philosophy of communism” and God-building of Gorkii and Lunacharskii is emphasised. The assertion is that the Godbuilding ideas of Gorkii and Lunacharskii revealed the pseudo-religious content of Marxism.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: religion

value: social Christianity

value: God-building

value: God-seeking

value: the revolutionary Narodniks

value: «The New Religion»

value: Marxism as pseudo-religion

value: A. M. Gorky

value: A. V. Lunacharsky

value: V. V. Bervi-Flerovsky


dc.contributor.author

value: Blagov, Evgeniy Yu.

value: Shcherban, Stefan A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Blagov E. Yu., Shcherban S. A. 2019. Managing organizational forgetting: The case of Russian machine manufacturing companies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (2): 261–287.

dc.description.abstract

value: The study aims to assess the effectiveness of practices of fighting undeliberate and supporting deliberate knowledge forgetting in the companies of Russian mechanical engineering industry. The methodology of the study is quantitative, implying an econometric assessment of influence of various knowledge management practices on the effectiveness of fighting accidental organizational forgetting problems and supporting intentional organizational forgetting. Representatives of senior management of 81 companies answered a study questionnaire. Statistically significant coefficients of the regression equations of the study reveal that the knowledge management practices exert a significant influence on the perceived effectiveness of managing organizational forgetting for the chosen sample of Russian machine manufacturing companies. Namely, the practices of periodic analysis and documentation of critically important knowledge as well as of the knowledge gaps, quality control of knowledge obtained from the organization’s partners, and adaptation of new knowledge to the existent exert a positive influence. In contrast, removing obsolete knowledge from practice shows a negative influence for the sample under question. The research has certain limitations of a comparatively small sample of 81 companies in one industry, which makes it possible for future research to expand samples, include other industries and/or make international comparisons. Also, a research model based on subjective perceptions can be changed toward the one based on more objective metrics, thus increasing validity and reliability of the results. On the basis of the educed results, recommendations can be developed regarding the development of preferable knowledge management practices for increasing effectiveness of managing organizational forgetting in the Russian companies of machine manufacturing and related industries. Quantitative studies comparing effectiveness of various knowledge management practices in the context of managing organizational forgetting within a specific industry are considerably rare in real sector industries not related directly to the IT and telecommunications sectors. This is especially true for Russia with its specific importance of organizational forgetting problems which arise because of the technological knowledge holders’aging. The current study is oriented to filling these research gaps.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 18; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: knowledge management

value: knowledge translation

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zotova, Irina

value: Stepchenkova, Elena

value: Pavlov, Youri

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zotova, I., Stepchenkova, E., and Pavlov, Y. 2019. Contribution of cytosine desaminases of AID/APOBEC family to carcinogenesis. Bio. Comm. 64(2): 110–123.

dc.description.abstract

value: Cytosine deaminases of the AID/APOBEC family have a weighty influence on human health. These enzymes are part of the innate and humoral immunity; they participate in lipid metabolism and muscle development, protect cells from viruses and regulate retrotransposition. If the activity of AID/APOBEC deaminases is misregulated, they can become “weapons of mass destruction,” causing deaminations in unprotected single-stranded DNA regions leading to genome-wide mutagenesis. Ultimately, mutations contribute to cell malignancy and rapid evolution of cancer cells, helping them to evade the organism’s defense. Also, hypermutable tumor cells develop resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Here we overview current understanding of the structure, functions, and regulation of AID/APOBEC cytosine deaminases in connection to carcinogenesis.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Buffett Cancer Center Pilot Grant 07-2018 to YP; Assignment of Russian Federation Government № 0112-2019-0001 to ES.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Cytosine deaminases AID/APOBEC

value: DNA damage

value: mutation

value: cancer


dc.contributor.author

value: Malinov, Alexey V.

value: Obolevitch, Teresa

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malinov A. V., Obolevitch T. On “new” methods of studying the history of Russian philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 2, pp. 285–296.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article deals with methods of historical and philosophical research that are rarely used in contemporary works on the history of Russian philosophy: historical and philosophical reconstruction, reactualization/marginalization of philosophical content, intercultural methodology (polylogue philosophy), biography, and prosopography methods. The authors show the specificity of each method, their places in the practice of research, their heuristicics for the history of Russian philosophy, and significance for expanding historical and philosophical knowledge. The relevance of applying “new” methods is based on the following facts: the reissue of basic texts of Russian thinkers has been completed, there is active work in archives leading to the introduction of “marginal” texts, i.e. unfinished texts with unestablished meanings, into the scholarly circulation, and the range of historiographical literature with a rich variety of existing interpretational schemes has significantly increased in the last three decades. The use of “new” methods makes it possible to revise existing models of the history of Russian philosophy, to abandon the view of Russian philosophy as a series of influences and borrowings, and to propose a new periodization of the history of Russian philosophy. In particular, the method of “collective biography” reveals the dynamic side of the history of science, ways of forming scientific schools, intergenerational connections, and the influence of the non-philosophical context on scholarly work. The significance of methods for Russian philosophy covers a range of aspects: expanding verified historical and philosophical knowledge; showing the actual content of Russian philosophy that may be in demand in modern philosophy; forming a more comprehensive view on the historical and philosophical process concerning not only personalities, but also generations, schools, etc.; and the explication of the context (historical, biographical, social, cultural) as well as interpretation of ideas.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 35; Issue 2

value: Russian philosophy

value: methodology

value: history of philosophy

value: reconstruction

value: polylogue

value: interculturality

value: context

value: reactivation

value: marginalization

value: collective biography

value: prosopography


dc.contributor.author

value: Rivera de Rosales, Jacinto

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rivera de Rosales J. Fichte and Hegel: Critics of the Enlightenment. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2019, vol. 35, issue 2, pp. 308–319.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article discusses criticisms made by Fichte and Hegel of the Enlightment, and how similarities between these criticisms reveal an essential thought in German Idealism. Both, like Kant, considered that history is the development of the individual and especially of collective freedom. This takes place according to a dialectical process. Fichte placed the Enlightenment in the third period of history, a time when the individual became aware of his freedom but was detached from all external authority, an authority that had predominated during the preceding second period and struggled against it. Therefore, by considering only the individual as free, he did not address the community or even the divine root that makes it possible. Losing sight of this essence and becoming individually self-centred, he made a rational and cosmopolitan community and true freedom impossible. Hegel believed enlightened reason had also lost sight of the unitary and community essence of the Spirit and its actions. The reason for this is that human beings lived in an alienated social and political world dominated by the Lord of the world and not by reason. The enlightened individual subsequently went on to conquer social reality through cultural hegemony. However, he thought that he could build it only from himself, without considering the community essence of the Spirit, which he left to the field of religious faith and despised as superstition. This unilateral vision leads to the period of terror. In our globalized world, there is a greater need to achieve that community essence in our way of being human.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Fichte

value: Hegel

value: Enlightenment

value: freedom

value: individual

value: community

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Daev, Eugene

dc.identifier.citation

value: Daev, E. 2019. Pheromonal effects on germ cells of house mouse males: possible evolutionary consequences. Bio. Comm. 64(2): 158–165.

dc.description.abstract

value: It is well known that in mice some pheromones modify reproductively important features. But the genetic mechanisms underlying such changes remain insufficiently studied. Here we show that in laboratory mice (Mus musculus L.), volatile signal 2,5-dimethylpyrazine excreted by donor stressed females increases the level of structural chromosome aberrations and other meiotic disturbances in spermatocytes of recipient males after nasal contact with the volatiles via sniffing. These chemosignals (i.e. pheromones) also induce abnormalities of sperm heads in the recipient mice. We assume that visible macro-damages at the chromosome level in meiotic cells are marks of a more widely disturbing effect (not only macro- but also micro-damages) of some olfactory signals in meiotic cells. It is most probable that the effects of volatile cues are mediated by the nervous system of the recipient organism. While gross chromosomal aberrations lead mainly to death of damaged cells, some of them (micro-damages of the chromosomes) might reach spermatozoa, and we detected part of them as anomalous sperm heads. Such abnormalities can reduce the fertilizing capacity of sperm. Moreover, some of the mutations induced by density-dependent volatile chemosignals can reach the progeny and influence the quantity and genetic quality of future generations. Possible microevolutionary consequences are discussed.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Communications;Volume 64; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: abnormal sperm heads

value: chromosome aberrations

value: house mouse

value: microevolutionary consequences

value: pheromones

value: spermatocytes


dc.contributor.author

value: Grøn, Ole

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grøn O. Mammoth-hunter Camps in the Scandinavian North Sea Sector during the Late Weichselian? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 2, рp. 555–583.

dc.description.abstract

value: Until recently, the general view of archaeologists was that southern Scandinavia was uninhabited during the last ice age, the Weichselian glaciation. It was thought that humans arriving from south would have met a wall of ice if they tried to penetrate into the area. Recent climate reconstructions and glaciological data, combined with recent faunal finds from the adjacent North Sea sector, promote the idea of a much more moderate and prosperous landscape with large, now submerged, plains accessible. Then this paper argues that large parts of the South Scandinavian North Sea sector were actually inhabitable during most of this glacial period, with extensive ice-free coastal zones even during the Last Glacial Maximum. It is difficult to believe that humans, already well-documented in the adjacent land areas, should not have known to inhabit and exploit such a rich resource zone. In addition to the paleoenvironmental data, ethnoarchaeological evidence is used to document that it was no problem for humans to kill large animals such as mammoths as some researchers have maintained. Furthermore, findings from excavations of mammoth-hunter sites, are used to argue that the large quantities of megafaunal remains fished up from the North Sea in recent years should be seriously considered as representing settlement material associated with mammoth-hunter camps dating from the second half of the Weichsel Glacial Stage. The central question is whether these North Sea faunal remains represent sites similar to the mammoth-hunter camps known from other parts of Europe and from Siberia? If that is the case, the Cultural Heritage management is confronted with a hitherto unrecognised problem.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: mammoth hunters

value: mammoth bone remains

value: Upper Paleolithic

value: ethoarchaeology

value: Scandinavia

value: North Sea

value: late Weichselian


dc.contributor.author

value: Fedorova, Natalia V.

value: Gusev, Andrey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fedorova N. V., Gusev An. V. The North of Western Siberia and the Cultural Worlds of Eurasia at the Turn of the Eras. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, iss. 2, рp. 740–761.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article studies the problem of the cross-cultural influence and contacts along the North-South trade route: from the West Siberian forest-tundra to the nomadic communities of the Eurasian steppe, the Black Sea centers and the ancient states of the Middle East and Central Asia during the period of “the turn of the eras”. The authors raises a question about the translation of the alien cultural elements into the local environment, as well as about the readiness of the forest and the forest-tundra communities to respond to these influences reflected in the numerous replicas and imitations of the imported items. The existence of the imported items in the local northern environment, which was also reflected in the creation of their replicas and imitations, was a distinct demonstration that these items despite their originating from an alien culture, in addition to being perceived as the signs of prestige, were also re-interpreted locally and found their place within the system of the cultural values of the North, where they became a significant factor of the local social and religious attributes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. № 18-09-40011.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: North Polar Circle

value: sacral-production center Ust-Poluy

value: Gornoknyasevsk treasure

value: cultural communications

value: trade routes

value: imported items

value: the copper/bronze pots on drip trays

value: the bronze mirrors and plaques

value: the glass and china beads

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Abdenur, Adriana Erthal

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abdenur A. E. Navigating the Ripple Effects: Brazil-China Relations in Light of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2019, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 153–168.

dc.description.abstract

value: The literature on Brazil-China relations has expanded rapidly during the past decade, but most of this scholarship has focused on bilateral channels or on the broad trends in how China’s growing presence impacts politics, economics, and society in Brazil. Largely left out of this equation is how China’s cooperation and competition dynamics within its own region shape its relations to Brazil. How does the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) affect Brazil’s relations with China? This paper draws on official documents and statistics to analyze how the BRI affects Brazil´s relations with China along three dimensions: the economic, strategic, and political spheres. I argue that, despite the geographic distances separating Brazil from the Belt and Road Initiative, the initiative has concrete repercussions for Brazil’s bilateral and multilateral dealings with China through a ripple effect emerging out of the BRI’s spatial configuration. The paper also proposes that most of this impact is shaped by a ripple effect emerging out of the BRI’s spatial configuration, although some components of the initiative, namely the Digital Belt and Road, are less anchored in geographic space. Brazilian researchers and policymakers must think beyond bilateral channels and consider how geopolitics and geoeconomics shape Brazil-China relations.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 12; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Brazil

value: China

value: Belt and Road

value: South-South cooperation


dc.contributor.author

value: Chukreyev, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chukreyev, Andrey A.2019. The prohibition of unfair competition in China and Russia: Сomparative legal research. Pravovedenie 63 (2): 340–351.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of a comparative legal analysis of the prohibition of unfair competition in the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation. The author reviewed the
history of the creation and the current provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China of 1993, which secure the definition of the concept of unfair competition
as well as a number of norms of this law on certain acts of such competition. The Chinese legislation is compared with the domestic Federal Law “On the Protection of Competition” of 2006.
The Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883 is also analyzed in the relevant
part. A narrower understanding of unfair competition has been established in the Federal Law
“On Protection of Competition” in comparison to how it is considered in Chinese law and in the
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. It is concluded that in order to improve
Russian antimonopoly legislation, a broader definition of unfair competition in the Anti-unfair
Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China is valuable. In addition, it may be useful for
the domestic legislator to draw attention to the relatively new provisions of the said PRC Law on
prohibiting unfair competition on the Internet. In order to improve Russian law, it is proposed
to transfer from Chinese law a ban for business entities to use assets or other means to bribe
contractors and their representatives in search of opportunities for transactions or competitive advantages. It is also worthwhile to look at the experience of the neighboring country and to include in the Federal Law “On the Protection of Competition” relevant offenses when conducting
promotional activities as a special kind of acts of unfair competition.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 63; Issue 2

value: unfair competition

value: prohibition

value: business operator

value: activities of unfair competition

value: antitrust law

value: competition law

value: Chinese law


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhuzhzhalov, Mikhail B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhuzhzhalov, Mikhail B. 2019. Blockchain and the international law regime of activities in cyberspace. Pravovedenie 63 (1): 62–96.

dc.description.abstract

value:
From the beginning, blockchain was recognized as significant enhancement of opportunities
for interaction through the Internet. Together with smart-contracts, which are an inevitable furtherance of this technology, blockchain allows activities in the Internet to not depend on state
support, particularly legal. Consequently, many well-known means for implementing this technology resulted in a surge of anxiety from states. The realization of relations entirely with the
framework of cyberspace, often without some manifestation in the material world, with universal access of objects of these relations thanks to the Internet, raise a series of interesting
difficult questions which arose earlier, but remained unresolved. This paper focuses on the development of international law norms with specific attention given to the articulation of issues
and their affordable solutions. In this regard, in connection with the main topic, the author also
discusses the interrelationship between international public and international private law, the
concept of property with regard to discussions around the legal nature of “digital objects”, the
principles of choice of the law applicable, and a number of other general doctrinal problems as
they relate to the realities of the relations arising in “virtual reality”. The article presents a legal
analysis of the issues emerging from the application of information technologies, such as the
principles of technological neutrality, the autonomy of the Internet cyberspace, the problems of
localization of Internet activity, and restrictions of such activities of sites’ owners as a restricting in relation to their domicile jurisdiction. The concept of targeting foreign Internet users and
the approaches to “nationalization” of Internet activities is also elaborated upon. The author
describes the structure of various legal relations arising from the use of the Internet and makes
comments on the preferable legal policy in this area. Significant attention is given to the problems of ownership of mining capacities, and the consequences of their concentration in the
hands of individual actors on the Internet.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 63; Issue 1

value: blockchain

value: cryptocurrency

value: securities

value: sovereignty

value: information security

value: international law

dc.type

value: Article