dc.contributor.author

value: Bazhenova, Anna Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bazhenova A. Yu. Scholarly Activity of Polish Researchers in Humanities in Kiev, Kharkov and Novorossiya Imperial Universities. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 70–91.

dc.description.abstract

value: The subject of this paper is the study of the scholarly activity of Polish researchers in humanities — philologists, historians, philosophers, literary critics and jurists — who worked at the universities in Kiev, Kharkov, and Odessa in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Covered in this article are: Henryk Jakubakis, Władysław Jurgiewicz, Witold Klinger, Leonard Kołmaczewski, Edmund Liwski, Witold Nowodworski, Józef Piechowski, Leon Szepielewicz, Alfons Walicki, Leopold Wojewódzki (Faculties of History and Philology), Konrad Dynowski, Leon Fiedorowicz, Alekander Mickiewicz, Jan Sobestyjański, Antoni Stanisławski, Eugeniusz Waśkowski (Faculties of Law). This article analyses the academic careers of the professors and determines the duration of their work at the aforementioned universities. It gives an overview of their contribution to the development of humanities and jurisprudence in Russia, and to the creation of academic schools in the field of humanities. The most significant group of Polish scholars became the specialists in classical philology (five professors). To some extent, a study of the distant historical epochs can be explained by the desire to disengage from the actual political situation in the country and from assessment of the developments of the recent past. Two academics represented each of the following disciplines: Western European literature, world history, and Roman law. The encyclopaedia of law, the history of Russian law, civil law and civil procedure, political economy and statistics were represented by a different Polish academic each. Some professors were also engaged in translations. This article is a step towards further study of the participation of Polish academics in the scholarly life of the Russian Empire.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: St. Vladimir University

value: Kharkov University

value: Novorossiya University

value: humanities

value: researcher

value: Polish

value: academic school

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vozgrin, Valerii E.

value: Teryukov, Alexander I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vozgrin V. E., Teryukov A. I. Once Again about the Purpose of Ivangorod. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 311–322.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article analyzes a number of problems posed in the monograph by Professor A. I. Filyushkin “Inventing the First War of Russia and Europe” devoted to the perception of the Livonian and other wars by contemporaries and descendants. One of these problems — namely, the reasons for long-standing aspiration of Russians to the Baltic — attracted the attention of Professor P. A. Krotov, and he published a review of this work. His review criticizes the main position of the author of the book, according to which the Moscovite rulers moved in this direction seeking to expand and protect their possessions, and not having the aim of developing merchant shipping, as is commonly believed. Defending the traditional point of view, P. A. Krotov bases his evidence on the example of Ivangorod, which, in his opinion, became the first Baltic seaport of Muscovy and the forerunner of St. Petersburg. The weakness of the scholar’s position lies in its speculative nature. Realizing the importance of real evidence to prove the functioning of Ivangorod as a commercial seaport, P. A. Krotov does not point out a single one, which is why his entire review loses its academic validity. In addition, focusing on this fictitious drawback of the book, the critic overlooks its other, quite real flaws. Therefore, the second part of this article is entirely devoted to their identification. By and large, the article aims at correcting the shortcomings that interfere with the holistic perception of the innovative concept of A. I. Filyushkin, which is objectively worthy of attention.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: The Baltic Sea

value: the Livonian War

value: Ivan the Terrible

value: Stephen Báthory

value: Commercial Navigation

value: Political Competition

value: Indigenous People

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Gribovskiy, Mikhail V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gribovskiy M. V. Pre-revolutionary Russian Universities in Modern Historiography. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 192–210.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article focuses on the main trends in Russian and foreign historiography of Russian universities at the turn of the 20th century to identify the most promising directions for research. The author suggests that the current stage of historical and university research be counted from the 1980s–1990s. Though historiography of the 1990s was quick to abandon ideological clichés, it inherited a range of approaches, problems, and conclusions from the past. Having examined a number of summarizing monographs on the history of Russian education and theory of university research, the author assumes that the 2000s witnessed a certain “social turn” with its profound attention to the “human dimension” of the university’s past. The most topical and promising trends in historiography of Russian universities include the study of intra-corporate relations in various universities, “university conflictology”, academic mobility and dissertation ethics in Russia, professorial daily life and leisure, etc. Drawing on works of foreign historiographers, Russian historiographers should abandon the formal approach limited by state borders. It is suggested that the works by Ukrainian, Polish, Estonian and other researchers from the countries where some universities of the former Russian Empire are located should be viewed as a separate group. It is also noted that, unlike Russian historiographical tradition, the West European and American framework in the 20th century was not discrete by its nature and retained its traditional interest in the problem of relationships between universities (i.e. academic community and students) and Russian society. In conclusion, the author points out the anthropocentric approach as very valuable for the studies of university history.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by Russian Science Foundation, project № 18-18-00121.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Russian universities

value: turn of the 20th century

value: historiography

value: social history

value: anthropocentric approach


dc.contributor.author

value: Bazanov, Petr N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bazanov P. N. The History of the Relationship between George Vernadsky and Nikolai Ulyanov. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 266–276.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article provides the first comparative analysis of the relationship between two famous historians of the Russian Diaspora Georgy Vladimirovich Vernadsky (1887–1973) and Nikolai Ivanovich Ulyanov (1904–1985). They were linked by long-standing friendship and neighborly friendly relations. The article explores the mutual influence of historians-friends on their works and concepts. Based on numerous archival and published sources, the lives and every day activities of Russian historians at Yale University and in the city of New Haven is restored. The main attention is paid to the American period of biography of N. I. Ulyanov. Thanks to unpublished materials from the archive of Yale University, the teaching career of N. I. Ulyanov is restored in the article. His model of behavior as a lecturer and his manner of lecturing is reconstructed. The article states that N. I. Ulyanov belonged to St. Petersburg scientific and pedagogical school. The world of the historical science of the Russian Diaspora — the first and second “waves” of emigration is also shown. On the basis of the correspondence from the Bakhmetev Archives, it is convincingly proved in the article that the circle of Russian historians in the United States was stable. The article examines the relationship between G. V. Vernadsky and N. I. Ulyanov in connection with their communication with other Russian scholars-emigrants — M. M. Karpovich, S. G. Pushkarev, V. P. Nikitin. Their attitude to Eurasianism, its influence on G. V. Vernadsky is investigated. The paradoxical concept of “patriotic Westernism” by N. I. Ulyanov is outlined. The article also describes his attitude to Slavophilism, the apologetics of Peter I as the creator of Russian secular culture, literature and science, in particular, the creation of the Academy of Sciences and Petersburg as a symbol of Russian European culture. N. I. Ulyanov continued the line of such historians as S. M. Solovyov, V. O. Klyuchevsky and S. F. Platonov. A brief historiographical review of this topic is given in the works by A. Yu. Dornichesko, E. V. Petrov and P. N. Bazanov. The lack of investigation of the topic is grounded.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: G. V. Vernadsky

value: N. I. Ulyanov

value: historical science

value: Russian emigration

value: the Russian émigré community

value: Eurasianism

value: Westernism

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bodnarchuk, Dmitrii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bodnarchuk D. V. The Mobilized Middle Ages in Historical Memory. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 159–176.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article summarizes and reviews the intermediate results of one of the modern projects on the study of historical memory in the Eastern European and Balkan regions called “The Mobilized Middle Ages”. The author identifies strengths and weaknesses of the project, the extent to which the goals originally stated in the project have been achieved. The author pays special attention to the criteria for the selection of subjects for the articles of the project, to the research methods, to the selection of sources, and to the applicability of these sources to the problems of the project. The article compares the project “The Mobilized Middle Ages” and other projects on the study of historical memory in Russia at the beginning of the 21st century, provides a brief analysis of the historiography of recent years on the perception of the era of both early and late Russian Middle Ages in the memory of Russian society in different historical periods. The article defines the general aspects and specific features of the project “The Mobilized Middle Ages” and of its previous research projects, articles, monographs. The author draws attention to the importance of involving sociological scholarly methods in such studies, and comes to the conclusion that projects similar to “The Mobilized Middle Ages” enable to examine the existence and the transformation of the plots in the historical memory of the people.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Historical memory

value: “Mobilized Middle Ages”

value: Nationalism

value: Modern era

value: Research projects


dc.contributor.author

value: Andreev, Andrei Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Andreev A. Yu. The history of Awarding Academic Degrees in Higher Education Instiutions in the Russian Empire. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 293–303.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article reviews the monograph “Academic degrees in the Russian Empire. XVIII — the beginning of the XX century” (Moscow, 2016) by A. E. Ivanov, a well-known modern historian of the Russian higher education institutions. The monograph is devoted to the formation of a system of academic degrees and procedures for a thesis defense in Russia, as well as to the institution, closely connected with this system, aimed at training young graduates of universities and other higher education institutions for professorate. A. E. Ivanov focuses on the features of the existent academic degrees in Moscow University in the 18th century without a clear regulatory framework; analyzes the development of legislation on academic degrees in the Russian Empire since the beginning of the XIX century and the issues concerning their further reforming up to 1917. The undoubted merit of the book is the periodization in the evolution of procedures for “rising to a professor”: from all-Russian institutions funded by the Ministry of Public Education to a new system of “Professorial fellowship”, which was shaped in the second half of the 19th century and proved its effectiveness. The critical remarks of the review emphasize that it might have been worth shedding more light on “European context” for the emergence and development of Russian academic degrees, which would have enabled to explain the difference in the nomenclature and the very understanding of individual ranks formed in the nineteenth century, which affects the difference between the Russian and European understanding of academic degrees up to the present days.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was written within the framework of the project RNF 18-18-00121/2018 “The collective biography of lecturers of Russian universities as the mirror of social history (second part of the 18th — the beginning of the 20th centuries)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian empire

value: higher education institutions

value: universities

value: academic degrees

value: professorship

value: postgraduate study

value: scientific trips

value: dispute


dc.contributor.author

value: Tikhonov, Vitaly V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tikhonov V. V. Historian Militsa Nechkina and the Cultural and Intellectual Revolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 256–265.

dc.description.abstract

value: The first third of the 20th century was the time of cultural-intellectual and scientific revolution, whose essence concerned the development of so-called modernist trends (symbolism, futurism, etc.) and the transition to a non-classical model of science. A novice historian Milica Vasilyevna Nechkina matured in these circumstances. The article shows that her intellectual development was significantly influenced by the philosophy of Freud, the theory of psychoanalysis and the scientific theories of V. I. Vernadsky and Einstein. One of Nechkina’s aspirations was an interdisciplinary synthesis of the Humanities and natural Sciences. At the same time, in the spirit of the time, she recognized the possibility of the synthesis of science and art. Nechkina was greatly impressed by the book “Essays on the theory of historical knowledge” by R. Vipper, which justified the empiricist view of historical knowledge. She agreed with the view that historical knowledge is constructed by the researcher. The article especially emphasizes Nechkina’s interest in psychoanalysis, which was her method of research, including her own inner life. A small essay by Nechkina “About love, revolution, green lamp…”, in which psychoanalysis is applied to comprehending one’s place in the world, is examined in the article. The attitude of Nechkina to some representatives of the Marxist trend is considered separately. The author comes to the conclusion that the rich cultural and intellectual background became a breeding ground for the formation of a complex theoretical and methodological position, which can be perceived as modernist. At the same time, Nechkina did not deny traditional historiographical approaches. It is stressed that “psychologism”, humanitarian synthesis characteristic of her later scholarly work was the heritage of cultural and intellectual revolution, against whose background Nechkina emerged as a historian. The study was carried out on the basis of the sources of personal origin, including materials from the personal fund of M. V. Nechkina in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences previously not introduced into the scholarship.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: historiography

value: intellectual revolution

value: M. V. Nechkinа

value: Freudianism

value: Marxism

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Posokhova, Liudmila Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Posokhova L. Yu. The Discussions on the Educational Model of the Orthodox Academy of the Eighteenth Century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 177– 191.

dc.description.abstract

value: The historiography of the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium (Academy), Moscow Slavic Greek Latin Academy, and the Chernihiv, Kharkiv, and Pereiaslav Collegiums comprise hundreds of works where many valuable ideas and observations have been accumulated. At the same time, a number of diverging judgments coexist in literature regarding certain key characteristics of these educational institutions, such as estate-based vs. socially inclusive (soslovnyi or vsesoslovnyi) or progressive vs. archaic. Some of these interpretations date back to the nineteenth century and are still treated as axioms today. The purpose of this article is to discover the main enduring historiographical stereotypes that influence how the nature of the Orthodox academies (collegiums) in the Eighteenth-Century Russian Empire is understood and to offer an explanation for them. By pinpointing differences in the interpretation of the characteristic features of the academy (collegium) model such stereotypes are identified. The common post-Soviet approach to the analysis of historiography, which involves segregating periods of study and grouping works by the topic or level of generalization, means that historiographical overviews rarely touch on the issue of the essential traits of an educational model. Evaluations of these institutions in terms of semantic-structural and semantic-axiological dichotomies, such as East-West, indigenous-alien, or progressive-archaic, I view as obsolete. Overcoming rigid linear oppositions and reorienting research towards interpenetration as opposed to unyielding polarity will help us better to understand the peculiarities of the phenomenon of the Orthodox academy (collegium) and to compare its features to the basic features of the analogous Western European educational institutions, such as the Jesuit collegium or pre-classical university.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: history of education

value: Kyiv-Mohyla Academy

value: Moscow Slavic Greek Latin Academy

value: Orthodox collegium

value: pre-classical university

value: Jesuit collegium


dc.contributor.author

value: Sun, Chia-Ting

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sun Chia-Ting. Reconsider contemporary capitalism through reproductive tourism. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 36–50.

dc.description.abstract

value: In facing the dilemmas brought by contemporary capitalism, it is necessary to rethink it in different social culture frameworks. The problematic consciousness of this research originated from my questioning of the universality and appropriateness of the discourses from some advanced European countries and the USA when I was conducting field research related to biotechnology issues, so this research attempts to use reproductive tourism as an example and to propose two main questions: (1) How the related discourses of reproductive tourism which oriented from European countries and USA are not enough to explain the current situations around the world? (2) How are the global link and the relations of domination of capitalism emerge from the current situations of reproductive tourism? For answering, this research depicts the global overview image of the capitalism logic and market-oriented economy concept by text analysis, and reset the status quo of reproductive tourism in different cultures by reflecting on the use of terms. And then, comb possible diversity beyond the capitalized discourses and conduct the critique. In addition, the case of Taiwan is also discussed as a reference to the theorization of capitalism by relevant practitioners and researchers in the future. This research believes that, based on the multiple differences of the background in different places, more empirical researches are still needed to supply the discussion of the internal contradiction of existing discourse. As an analytical framework, reproductive tourism can promote the reflection on the influence and mutual shaping of different economic models and capitalist logic.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 12; Issue 1

value: capitalism

value: commercialization

value: diversity

value: reproductive tourism

value: strong discourse


dc.contributor.author

value: Bondarko, Mikhail V.

value: Vostokov, Sergey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bondarko M.V., Vostokov S.V. On torsion theories, weight and t-structures in triangulated categories. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2019, vol. 6 (64), issue 1, pp. 27–43.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper is dedicated to triangulated categories along with torsion theories in them; we compare two possible deﬁnitions of this notion. We also study the most important types of torsion theories, these being weight structures and t-structures (along with admissible triangulated subcategories). One of the main goals of the paper is to demonstrate that several important deﬁnitions and properties of weight structures and t-structures naturally extend to general torsion theories (so, we deﬁne smashing and cosmashing torsion theories); this observation leads to a certain optimization of proofs. Similarly we generalize the notion of adjacent and orthogonal weight and t-structures. Moreover, we relate adjacent torsion theories to the Brown-Comenetz duality and Serre functions; we hope to apply these results to the study of t-structures in compactly generated categories and in certain derived categories of coherent sheaves. Furthermore, we prove some completely new statements on the behaviour of torsion theories under exact functors. Lastly, we describe the relation of torsion theories to projective classes.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ (грант № 16-11-10200).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 6 (64); Issue 1

value: triangulated categories

value: torsion theories

value: weight structures

value: t-structures

value: adjacent structures

value: Brown—Comenetz duality

value: Serre functor

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Arkhipova, Arina A.

value: Grishina, Galina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Arkhipova A.A., Grishina G.V. Regularity of solutions to a model oblique derivative problem for quasilinear parabolic systems with nondiagonal principal matrices. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2019, vol. 6 (64), issue 1, pp. 3–26.

dc.description.abstract

value: We consider quasilinear parabolic systems of equations with nondiagonal principal matrices. The oblique derivative of a solution is deﬁned on the ﬂat part of the lateral surface of a parabolic cylinder. We do not assume smoothness of the principal matrix and the boundary functions in the time variable and prove partial Ho¨lder continuity of a weak solution near the ﬂat part of the lateral surface of the cylinder. Ho¨lder continuity of weak solutions to the correspondent linear problem is stated. A modiﬁcation of the A(t)-caloric approximation method is applied to study regularity of weak solutions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа первого автора выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант № 18-01-00472).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: parabolic systems

value: nonlinearity

value: regularity

value: oblique derivative


dc.contributor.author

value: Kashin, Dmitriy V.

value: Shadrina, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kashin D. V., Shadrina E. V. 2019. Efficiency of small and medium enterprises support in the public procurement system of the Russian Federation, Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (1): 94–114.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper aims to analyse the efficiency of efficiency of state support for small and medium enterprises provided through the public procurement mechanisms in the Russian Federation. Preferences in public procurement for this category of business are one of the tools for implementing the state policy of small business support. We consider the original database of procurement procedures conducted in accordance with the Federal Law No 44-FL and No223-FL in 40 Russian regions in 2017. Using econometric models, we estimate the level of competition in both procurement procedures conducted for all types of participants and procedures conducted only for SME’s. We also identify and evaluate the determinants affecting rebate of contracting authorities, such as regional characteristics, characteristics of contracts and characteristics of contracting authorities. The results of the study prove that granting preferences for SMEs by conducting special procurement procedures only for SMEs provides a greater access for SMEs to procurement procedures and has a positive effect on the level of competition (the number of applications submitted and admitted to participation) and does not require additional state costs. This study contributes to the academic) discussion about the efficiency of preferences for small and medium enterprises in the public procurement system. Moreover, it proves the efficiency of the existing support measures in the public procurement system in the Russian Federation from the position of contracting authorities (the government). The results of the study can be used by contracting authorities and authorized bodies when planning procurement, as well as by suppliers when determining a strategy of participation in procurement procedures; they can also be applied to adjust public procurement policy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research has been done with support of RFBR grant No. 18–010–01166.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University.;Volume 18; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: small and medium enterprises

value: public procurement


dc.contributor.author

value: Dubkova, Kseniya A.

value: Shishlov, Sergey B.

value: Cherepahina, Anna V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dubkova, K. A., Shishlov, S. B., Cherepahina, A. V. (2019). Section of the Paleocene- Eocene in the region of the Ak-Kaya Mountain (Central Crimea) and its geohistorical interpretation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (1), 4–23.

dc.description.abstract

value: The results of a detailed study of outcrops of the eastern flank of Ak-Kaya Mountain are given. There are continuous outcrops (over a distance of 400 m) of Paleocene and Eocene sediments with a thickness of 12 m in the south-west to 24 m in the northeast, which lie unconformably on the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) limestones and are covered by Oligocene-Miocene Maikop clays. The detailed structural-substantial characteristic, sedimentary structures, tafonomic characteristics of the sections of the Belokamensk, Bakhchisaray and Simferopol regional stages, which were compiled from the results of field descriptions of outcrops, microscopic examination of thin sections and computed microtomography of samples, are presented in this article. The interrelations of stratigraphic units, their lateral variation, the features of lateral fading-out of the Paleocene rocks and angular unconformity in the base of the Eocene rocks are studied. The comparison with Paleogene sections, which are located to the west (Mazanka, Skalistoe, Starosel’e settlements), is done. The geological history of the region in the Paleocene and Eocene is studied as well. At the beginning of the Danian Age, tectonic subsidence marine transgression became the cause of the removal of the relief and the wide spread of shallow-water environments of carbonate sedimentation. The formation of the Simferopol uplift began in the Early Danian. In the Selandian, there was a regression, associated with regional tectonic uplift, the most intense in the area of the Simferopol Uplift. The growth of the Simferopol Uplift continued during Thanet. The end of the Thanet is a time of intense tectonic uplift, which formed the angular unconformity in the base of the Eocene rocks. At the beginningof the Ypresian Age, a transgression, the cause of which was regional tectonic subsidence, occurred. The Simferopol Uplift was an eroded land. In the second half of the Ypresian and Early Lutetian, the Simferopol Uplift was flooded, and on the roof of it, sedimentation began.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Paleocene

value: Eocene

value: geological history

value: Central Crimea

value: Simferopol Uplift

value: Ak-Kaya Mountain

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pritula, Anton D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pritula A. D. East Syriac Literary Life in the mid-16th Century: ʿAbdīšōʿ of Gāzartā and Older Contemporary Poets. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 89–107.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article discusses the East Syriac literary circle of the of the early Ottoman Empire period. Its most important representative is ʿAbdīšōʿ of Gāzartā, the second patriarch of the new Church (1555-1570), and also an outstanding poet, whose legacy remains to a large extent unstudied, though. Even less is known about the works of his contemporaries, such as Darwīš of Gāzartā, Abrāhām of Bēt Slōk and ʿAṭāyā of Gāzartā. They communicated with him, and devoted his poems at least to the first two of them, despite their belonging to the traditionalist (“Nestorian”) patriarchate. Based on the texts and manuscripts unknown before, the paper shows in the article that the literary circle of that period was determined not by the Church affiliation, but rather geographically. ʿAbdīšōʿ as well as the poets he communicated with originated from the town of Gāzartā (North Mesopotamia, present Turkey) or from its neighbourhood, and some of them might have been his relatives. As a result of the long coexistence with Persian and Arabic Islamic culture, the sphere of use of poetry in the Syriac tradition was expanding in the next centuries. Its further development in the 16th century is one of numerous examples of wide use of the literary canons created in the period of so-called Syriac Renaissance (11th-14th centuries). In the Ottoman time, the extension of poetry use reached its apogee, taking into consideration also numerous short poems written by the scribes as verse additions to various manuscripts.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Syriac poetry

value: Chaldean Church

value: Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire

value: Gāzartā literary circle

value: monastic literature

value: manuscript transmission


dc.contributor.author

value: Sani, Abubakar Babajo

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sani A. B. “The British and the trans-Saharan trade”: The Colonial State policies in undermining the trans-Saharan trade in Hausa Land (Northern Nigeria), 1890s–1920s. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 75–88.

dc.description.abstract

value: The research examines the impact of British policies in undermining the trans-Saharan trade. The paper reassesses the position of the Northern Nigerian economy in relation to the new economic order introduced by the British. Issues discussed include the re-orientation in relation to the merchants; the basic concepts of colonial economy as defined by the British in Northern Nigeria. In addition, the paper highlights the colonial economy as distorted, characterized by the over growth of certain sectors needed by the colonial state i.e., foreign trade, while sectors connected with the indigenous markets i.e., cottage based production, local, regional or the trans-Saharan trade were neglected. In a nut shell, those activities (like the trans-Saharan trade) which could compete with colonial commerce or production were discouraged and prohibited directly or indirectly. In this respect, the trans-Saharan trade between Central Sudan and North Africa was stagnated during the colonial days and apparently, it was the same with trade within the West African sub-region. The distinctive feature in this context of an imperial economic system is that the colonial state had, within limits, created the formal framework for development in Northern Nigeria. This was what happened in the relationship between the mercantile class, the peasantry and the large expatriate firms who were backed by the colonial state and gained monopoly position to trade in raw materials and achieving their goals.

value: Northern Nigeria

value: trans-Saharan trade

value: colonial policy


dc.contributor.author

value: Samoylov, Nikolay A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Samoylov N. A.The Evolution of Russia’s Image in China in the early 20th century: Key Factors and Research Methodology. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 28–39.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper features a study of one of the key stages in the process of evolution of Russia’s image in China, namely, the beginning of the 20th century. The interformational and intercivilizational nature of Chinese society in that period predetermined the necessity for social and political institutions to balance between the monarchy and the republic, while in the public consciousness it caused a desire to begin an active search for new paths of development associated with borrowing some patterns from cultural traditions and social practices of other societies. The author believes that it was precisely those circumstances that largely determined the formation of an ambivalent image of Russia at that time. In the beginning of the 20th century, Russia’s image in China was simultaneously that of an “aggressive” northern neighbour and that of a country with a rich spiritual heritage worth learning and getting experience from. The article discusses importance of translations of Russian literature for the formation of Russia’s image in China in the early 20th century and a role of Chinese revolutionaries in construction of the image of the Russian Revolution. The article also considers some methodological approaches to the study of images and stereotypes. Nowadays studying national and ethnic images and stereotypes in the current context becomes extremely important, having considerable scholarly and practical significance.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research according to the research project № 17–21-49001 (“Chinese perceptions of Russia and the West during the 20th century: changes, continuities and contingencies”).

value: China

value: image of Russia

value: imagology

value: Zhongguo Tongmenghui (Chinese United League)

value: Qing Dynasty

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sukhacheva, Elena Yu.

value: Aparin, Boris F.

value: Andreeva, Tatyana A.

value: Kazakov, Eduard E.

value: Lazareva, Margarita A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sukhacheva, E. Yu., Aparin B. F., Andreeva, T. A., Kazakov E. E., Lazareva M., A., 2019. Principles and methods of a digital medium scale soil map creation of the Leningrad region. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (1), 100–113.

dc.description.abstract

value: Principles and methods of a digital medium scale soil map (DSM) creation of the Leningrad region, demonstrating the modern state of soil cover (SC) are told in this article. The base of the DSM creation of the Leningrad region are the following principles: reliability, historicity, data harmonization, complexity, a combination of genetic features and factors, modernity, openness, verification. A database to the DSM of the Leningrad region includes the information about soil diversity, resource potential of the SC, factors of soil cover’s differentiation (relief, vegetation, soil forming rocks, climate, anthropogenic activity), morphological construction and soil properties. A complexity GIS-project with different thematic maps and optical satellite data of the high spatial resolution is made. Soil diversity of the Leningrad region (more than 50 natural soil subtypes, 70 anthropogenically changed soil subtypes, about 100 soil combinations with natural soils, more than 200 soil combinations with anthropogenically changed and anthropogenic soils) are demonstrated on the DSM. A predominance of anthropogenic-changed over natural soils is determined. Soils with mixed material of soil horizons and soils with oxidized-gley horizons are wide spread and consist about 1/3 from the total amount of anthropogenically changed soils. Anthropogenically changed, and natural soil combinations with not soil formations consist of about 50 % of the total amount of soil combinations (SC). Different types of urbopedocombinations are dominated in the city territories. A digital soil map of the Leningrad region (1: 200 000 scale) is a scientific base for the regional policy’s development of the soil resources’ rational using.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: digital medium scale soil map creation

value: anthropogenically changed soils

value: a structure of soil cover

value: soils of the Leningrad region


dc.contributor.author

value: Berezkin, Rostislav V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berezkin R. V. “Baojuan of Five Spirits” as a source of folk beliefs in Suzhou city, Jiangsu, China. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 108– 119.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article analyzes connection between the Baojuan of Five Spirits originating from Changshu county (nowadays under jurisdiction of Suzhou city in Jiangsu province) with the local folk beliefs. This prosimetric text narrates the story of origins of Wutong (demonic deities of wealth) and their mother Tailao - a powerful local female deity. The Baojuan of Five Spirits is still commonly performed by professional storytellers in several areas of Suzhou, especially in Changshu, during the domestic assemblies honoring Wutong (Wusheng) or during believers' pilgrimages to Mount Shangfang, a center of this cult in Suzhou. They have both auspicious and exorcistic functions. The Baojuan of Five Spirits is a unique source of folk beliefs that developed from the period of the 10th-12th centuries till the modern time. The author has used a unique manuscript of this text dating back to the beginning of the 20th century in the collection of Nanjing City Library with the complete title of the Baojuan of Five Spirits Guarding Peace (Wusheng bao an baojuan), which has not yet been discussed by scholars anywhere. It is one of the earliest extant recensions of this baojuan, but its contents are similar to those of modern variants of the Baojuan of Five Spirits, performed in Changshu. At the same time many details in this text can be traced to the fantastic novel Journey to the South (Nan you ji, late 16th - early 17th century). Current research reveals the connections between folk prosimetric literature, written sources, and folk rituals in China.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The study was funded by the State Fund for the Study of Social Sciences of the People’s Republic of China, the research project № 17ZDA167 “Interdisciplinary study of literary materials relating to the folk customs of the Lake Taihu region”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Chinese prosimetric literature

value: baojuan

value: Chinese folk beliefs

value: Wutong deities

value: folk ritual

value: fantastic novel


dc.contributor.author

value: Rogov, Alexander V.

value: Sychev, Sergey N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rogov, A. V., S. N. Sychev, S. N. (2019). First data of structural-kinematic analysis of rock Rassoha zone and its border (Omuljovka uplift, Eastern Yakutia). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (1), 65–68.

dc.description.abstract

value: The Omuljovka uplift is located within the inner part of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma folded system, the South-Eastern part of the Chersky collision belt and extends in the North-Western direction. In the South-West from Omuljovka uplift locates the Inyaly-Debin syncline, in the North, a structure is hidden under the sediments of the Moma-Zyrjanka deflection, in the East borders by Kolyma uplift. In the central part of the Omuljovka uplift allocated Rassokha tectonic zone formed Ordovician, Devonian – early Jurassic volcanogenic and sedimentary formations. As a result of studying the history of geological development Rassokha zone, recorded in the structural features of its rocks in the northeastern part of Omuljovka uplift, was identified two main types of deformations: early plastic and late fragile. The conclusion about the presence of a few kinds of brittle deformation. Structural researches of rock ophiolite-clastic complex show that multistage deformation has occurred here. Dedicated five stages of deformation process, that match the basic stages of the tectonic evolution of the territory. Conducted structural-geological research and reconstructed of tectonic stress fields are corresponding with the stages of deformation identified by V. Oxman (2000) to the North of the region. Rassokha zone and adjacent tectonic units are unique geological-structural objects, allowing to study the evolution of the Omuljovka uplift because in a small area was identified tectonic structures all stages of deformations that are allocated for the Chersky collision belt. Separately noted the presence of shear-fault deformations in Arga-Tas zone, because with them, most likely associates gold ore deposits of the district. The earliest deformation stage requires further decoding and binding to the time interval.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: structural evolution

value: collision

value: ophiolite-clastic

value: Omuljovka uplift

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bankova, Liudmila L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bankova L. L. Suzhou set of characters for numerals in Chinese. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 40–51.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article considers an ancient Chinese set of numerals - the Suzhou numerals - which have almost been lost. It tells the history of the numerals, analyzes the reasons for their loss. The paper analyzes the graphic layout of these ancient commercial numerals which date back to rod numerals. Straight strokes and sharp angles are the distinctive features of these characters. The layout of Suzhou numerals also reflects the quinary notation. The work describes one of the graphical problems i.e. the discrepancy between the general style of writing and the layout of “five” and “nine” number characters. An additional point is that the article considers the problem of possible mutual influence between the graphic representations of number “ten” in Suzhou set of numerals and the regular set of numerals. The article also discusses the origin of the character representing “zero” in China: it analyses the theories asserting the Suzhou origin as well as the explanations maintaining the borrowed nature of the character. A distinctive feature of the Suzhou set of numerals is that it has special characters representing numbers “twenty”, “thirty”, and “forty”. The article also pays attention to their graphical presentation: they could be written both horizontally and vertically because of their positional notation. The Suzhou numerals are almost absent in the lexicographical literature. The analysis of the factual basis has shown that there are only eleven phrases in the Chinese language using Suzhou numerals.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Chinese language

value: Chinese numerals

value: Suzhou numerals

value: sets of numerals

value: character

value: character numeral


dc.contributor.author

value: Zheltov, Alexander Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zheltov A. Yu. Some Reflections on African Studies, “the Truths of Science” in Humanities, or Why We Should Study Africa. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 120–132.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper considers the issue of formulating “objective truths” in the study of Humanities, as well as the role African studies play in understanding the current challenges in Russia and the rest of the contemporary world. The reasons for the complexity of formulating truths in Humanities are explained, alongside a consideration of certain specific features of the evolution African studies experienced in Russia. The position of African studies during the period when scholarship was dominated by scientometric indicators is discussed. An attempt is made to formulate a rationale for African studies in contemporary Russia, as well as to apply an analysis of African materials in order to understand certain pressing issues in Russia and elsewhere. Among the ideas and concepts proposed by African studies, the notion of “multistage heterogeneity”, multidimensionality of analysis of social phenomena, and the dichotomy between the cultural and the social realities are brought forward. Based on the above, the paper features a study of problems related to political organization in Africa, Russia and Europe, and delivers an examination of contemporary humanitarian “constructs”. All these phenomena are looked upon within the context of major globalization processes, primarily, the fundamental revolutionary changes in the speed of information flows. Certain concepts relevant to the present day political discourse are reviewed to demonstrate their mutual incongruity and intrinsic inconsistency.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: truth

value: Human sciences

value: African studies

value: contemporary world


dc.contributor.author

value: Bockholt, Philip

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bockholt Ph. Same But Different? On copies of the general history Ḥabīb al-siyar in Saint Petersburg manuscript collections. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 52–63.

dc.description.abstract

value: Manuscript copies of the 16th century general history Ḥabīb al-siyar fī akhbār afrād al-bashar (Beloved of Careers: On the Accounts of People) written in Persian by Ghiyāth al-Dīn Muḥammad Khvāndamīr (d. 942/1535-6) are preserved in many collections worldwide. As the author rewrote his text several times during the time he worked for the Safavids under Shah Ismāʿīl in Iran and the Mughal emperor Bābur in India respectively, extant copies of the work are not identical but differ remarkably. The article tackles the issue of textual diffe- rences in extant manuscripts and is threefold: first, it discusses observations advanced in the writings of the Russian scholar N. D. Miklukho-Maklai based on his work at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Second, it examines variations in the corpus of twenty-five copies of Ḥabīb al-siyar kept today in the manuscript collections of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, the National Library of Russia, and Saint Petersburg State University. The textual differences contained in the manuscripts of the corpus clearly indicate that Ḥabīb al-siyar had two versions of equal status (“Shiʿi” and “Sunni”). In a last step, by exploring paratextual elements such as ownership and endowment remarks, or birth notes, the article addresses the question of readership, i.e. how people actually read, copied, sold or commented upon copies of the work.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Persian historiography

value: Safavids

value: Mughals

value: manuscript studies

value: paratext

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sinyutin, Mikhail V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sinyutin M. V. Managing public fears: Cold War sorcerers. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 102–108.

dc.description.abstract

value: Book review: Jeremy Kuzmarov, John Marciano. The Russians are Coming, Again. The First Cold War as Tragedy, the Second as Farce. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2018.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 12; Issue 1


dc.contributor.author

value: Genov, Nikolay

dc.identifier.citation

value: Genov N. Criticism of the “Disorder of the World” in the social theory of H. Joas. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 98–101.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Review of the monograph: Joas Hans. Die Macht des Heiligen. Eine Alternative zur Geschichte von
der Entzauberung. Berlin: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2017. 544 S.

dc.language.iso

value: ru


title: Memories of a colleague and friend

dc.contributor.author

value: Boronoev, A. O.

value: Mutagirov, D. Z.

value: Skvortsov, N. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Memories of a colleague and friend. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 109–110.

dc.description.abstract

value: Obituary of A. V. Dmitriev.

dc.title

value: Memories of a colleague and friend


dc.contributor.author

value: Wang Liye

dc.identifier.citation

value: Wang Liye. Ba Jin and Turgenev: Conceptual Response and Artistic Parallels. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 4–27.

dc.description.abstract

value: The literary ties between Ba Jin and Turgenev steadily attract the attention of researchers both in China and abroad. This article is an attempt to conduct a new, more in-depth study and analysis of these ties, as well as to study Ba Jin’s research and explorations of Turgenev’s works, to give scientifically based criticism of his translations of Turgenev, and to identify artistic parallels to Turgenev in his own works. The article presents the results of the activities of Ba Jing as a scholar, including his achievements in Turgenev academic events in Russia, Ba Jing’s assessment of the social and artistic significance of Turgenev’s works, as well as the state of contemporary Chinese Turgenev studies. The author has made a stylistic analysis of a number of passages from Ba Jin’s translations, as well as comparative analysis with the works of other translators. Finally, the author presents a comparative analysis of female and male images of Ba Jin and Turgenev in the context of national cultures and the social and political situation in China and Russia, respectively. The author concludes that artistic borrowing, consisting mainly in highlighting social antagonisms through the description of the “fathers and sons” conflict and the love experience of the characters, was due to a certain similarity of origin and social status of both writers, as well as their civic stance and concern about the fate of their homeland. In addition, the author debunks the image of the “Turgenev girl” as an example of strong will and inflexibility, and opposes them, on the one hand, the image of the “Turgenev boy”, which is distinguished by high moral attitudes, on the other - the image of the “Ba-jinean girl”, who has always been placed in much worse conditions. The analysis performed allows us to conclude that Ba Jin’s creative individuality could not have taken shape without the artistic and ideological influence of Turgenev.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This article is an intermediate result of the Chinese research project in the field of social sciences “Study of the artistic value of the works of I.S. Turgenev” (No. 18BWW039, researcher Wang Liye).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Ba Jin

value: Turgenev

value: literary ties


dc.contributor.author

value: Simonova, Julija V.

value: Rusakov, Aleksej V.

value: Ryumin, Aleksandr G.

value: Belyaev, Vladimir R.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Simonova, J. V., Rusakov, A. V., Ryumin, A. G., Belyaev, V. R., 2019. Diagnosis and character of hydromorphic salinization of the “Varnicy” landscape (Rostov Veliky, Yaroslavskaya oblast’): experience and methodology of geo-electric methods application. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (1), 81–99.

dc.description.abstract

value: The main objective of this study is to find out the application of electrical resistivity measured in water saturated soil (ER) as a proxy to soil salinity assessment within a humid climate landscape located in the center of the Russian plain. The issue is not the only salinization, but some other processes controlling the soil formation can influence the ER significantly. These processes attributed to the phreatic water salinization are waterlogging, soil organic carbon accumulation, carbonate and gypsum sedimentation. For evaluation of landscape salinity of the nature reserve “Solyanoj istochnik Varnicy”, where saline spring discharging, soil and water samples were collecting five times during an annual monitoring study (2016–2017). The samples from the two soil pits and water samples from the spring, groundwater and surface water draining the local catchment were analyzed in terms of the relationship between the ER values and major ions concentrations. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship between the values of ER and TDS, calcium and sulfate content in the soil water extract. At the same time, parametric statistical analysis found that seasonal fluctuations of ER were due to short-term fluctuations in sodium and chloride concentrations. The ER values measured in the drainage and groundwater of the study site were more sensitive as compared with the soil to changes in the salinity level during the annual hydrological cycle. A high correlation coefficient was observed between the ER and both the total salt content and the major ions concentrations in water samples. Geospatial salinity variation and salinization area were detected by horizontal electric profiling (HEP) within the site previously covered with detailed geodetic surveys. With an example of the hydromorphic Varniсky section in the humid climate it was shown that high soil salinity plays a main role in the resistivity value formation compared with other factors. The electrophysical parameters can be reliable indicators in monitoring studies of landscape salinity.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 1

value: Varnicy

value: Nero lake

value: soil salinity mapping

value: specific electric resistivity

value: horizontal electric profiling

value: soil

value: salinity

value: humid climate

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ruzhanskaya, Liudmila S.

value: Fokeev, Maxim A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ruzhanskaya L. S., Fokeev M. A. 2019. International labor migration of Russian pilots. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (1): 39–69.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper examines the factors of decision-making about working abroad by Russian pilots, revealing the reasons for the existing deficit of highly qualified personnel in the aviation industry. With a shortage of qualified flight personnel, the departure of pilots abroad complicates the development of air travel in Russia. Based on the systematization of empirical research, the authors determine the general and specific factors of labor migration of pilots and answer the question: “Why Russian pilots leave to work abroad?”. The empirical basis of the study was the questionnaire survey of pilots of 31 Russian airlines conducted in 2018, and in-depth interviews with the crew members of airlines. The paper identifies the main problems of the air transport complex in Russia that result in a shortage of pilots. Using the discrete choice model, the authors estimated the likelihood of pilots making a decision on working abroad and determined the determinants of such a decision: wage and social programs, age, marital status, pilot qualifications, awareness of working conditions abroad and flight geography of the company from the home airport, costs of relocation. The test results showed that pilots aged 32–37 years are most prone to labor migration in the status of aircraft captain, which demonstrates the urgency of retaining and attracting qualified personnel to Russian airlines. The paper investigates industry, which is rare for domestic research, as researchers faced restrictions on access to open sources of microdata. Based on unique data, the authors analyze for the first time the issue of labor migration in Russian companies. Conclusions of the article are of practical importance not only for HR airlines, but also for the state policy of regional air traffic development.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 8. Management;Volume 18; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: international labor migration

value: pilot migration

value: management of highly qualified personnel

value: Russian aviation industry


dc.contributor.author

value: Iakovleva, Diana A.

value: Bashmachnikov, Igor L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Iakovleva, D. A. Bashmachnikov I. L. (2019). Interannual variations of heat and freshwater contents in the cold water dome of the Labrador Sea. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (1), 136–158.

dc.description.abstract

value: In this paper, we investigate the interannual variability of heat content and freshwater content in the Labrador Sea using ARMOR-3D data-set (1993–2016), which combines in situ and satellite observations. Significant trends of increasing the heat content and of decreasing the freshwater content in the upper 500th layer were detected. With the depth the slope coefficients of the trends decrease, which suggests the upper ocean origin of the processes, forming the observed tendencies. On interannual scales (after removal of the trends), negative correlation between these characteristics were obtained, which can be formed by the intensification of the ocean-atmosphere heat/freshwater exchange, as well as by intensification of oceanic advection of polar and/or subtropical water in the Labrador Sea. The interannual variability in the heat and freshwater content is dominated by 2–4 years and 5–8 years cycles. Significant correlation of the heat/freshwater content with the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) is obtained. For the 2-year and 5–8 year cycles, the high coherence between the heat content and the NAOI is detected. For the 2-year it is found a delay of NAOI by a quarter of the period relative to the heat content, interpreted as the reverse effect of the Labrador Sea water temperature on the phase/intensity of NAOI. For 5–8-year cycles, the high coherence between the variations in the heat content and the Atlantic Multidecadal oscillation index (AMOI, characterizing the mean temperature of the North Atlantic) is detected with practically zero phase shift. After the beginning of 2000, the certain coherence with the AMOI was observed also for the 2–4-year cycles. At these time scales, AMOI leads the variations in the heat content in the sea.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: the Labrador Sea

value: heat content

value: freshwater content

value: the North Atlantic Oscillation

value: the Atlantic Multidecadal oscillation


dc.contributor.author

value: Makarieva, Olga M.

value: Nesterova, Nataliia V.

value: Vinogradova, Tatiana A.

value: Beldiman, Irina N.

value: Kolupaeva, Alexandra D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makarieva, O. M., Nesterova, N. V., Vinogradova, T. A., Beldiman, I. N., Kolupaeva, A. D. (2019). Calculation of catastrophic floods characteristics of ungauged Tsemes river (Novorossiysk, the Black sea coast of Russia) on the basis of hydrological model “Hydrograph”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (1), 24–43.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article considers the examples of calculation of catastrophic floods characteristics at ungauged rivers of the Black sea coast of Russia. Mathematical modeling of hydrological processes is proposed as an alternative to the standard methods of assessment of engineering characteristics based on a probabilistic approach in the climate change conditions. The deterministic hydrological model Hydrograph was applied to estimate the maximum water discharges of the ungauged Tsemes river (Novorossiysk). The set of model parameters was developed and verified at studied catchments. Continuous simulations of streamflow were conducted at the Tsemes River with a daily resolution for the period 1977–2013. Using detailed pluviograms data of storm precipitation at Novorossiysk and nearby meteorological stations, 1-hour maximum water discharge of three catastrophic floods on Tsemes river was calculated for flood events in 1988, 2002 and 2012 and compared with the characteristics of maximum discharges obtained on the basis of calculations according to the standard methods SP-33-101-2003 (SP). The maximum simulated discharges in 2002 and 2012 were 284 and 361 m3/s and correspond to maximum discharges of 1% probability calculated on the basis of the SP. However, estimated water discharge for the catastrophic flood in 1988 reached 688 m3/s, which is twice the value of 1% probability estimated with standard methods. The analysis of the simulation results has shown that the maximum discharge depends on the antecedent state of the catchment, which cannot be explicitly taken into account when using probabilistic calculation methods. The possibility of using mathematical modeling as an approach for assessment of probable maximum flood (PMF), which allows taking into account the combination of the most unfavorable meteorological and runoff formation factors that can lead to the occurrence of PMF, is discussed. The development of methods based on the integrated use of mesoscale atmospheric models and deterministic hydrological models is important as a prospect. The developed methods for assessing the frequency and magnitude characteristics of catastrophic floods can be used to solve engineering problems in climate change conditions.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: deterministic hydrological “Hydrograph” model

value: instant maximum discharge

value: Black sea coast river basins

value: Tsemes river

value: parameterization

value: catastrophic floods

value: storm rainfall

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Muravsakaia, Snezhana A.

value: Golovacheva, Kseniia S.

value: Smirnova, Maria M.

value: Alkanova, Olga N.

value: Muravskii, Daniil V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Muravsakaia S. A., Golovacheva K. S., Smirnova M. M., Alkanova O. N., Muravskii D. V. 2019. Approaches to customer loyalty management: “3D” perspective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (1): 70–93.

dc.description.abstract

value: This paper aims to rethink the main approaches to loyalty management and highlight the criteria that allow companies to choose the most relevant one. The paper provides an analytical review of the main literature sources on the existing approaches to define the concept of customer loyalty and loyalty management as well as the antecedents and consequences of their diversity. Analysis of approaches to customer loyalty concept and loyalty management allowed us to present a three-dimensional matrix that classifies existing approaches from the three perspectives: Dimensions  (Which dimensions of customer loyalty are taken into account?), Differentiation (Are customer differentiated by the degree of loyalty, and are managerial efforts adapted to it?) and Decision journey (Is the dynamics of loyalty formation at different stages of the customer decision journey taken into account?). One of the main limitations is the need for an empirical verification of the efficiency of described approaches to loyalty management on a representative sample of companies. Among the factors that can influence the choice of an approach to loyalty management are the following: special features of consumer behavior, the economic feasibility and the possibility of obtaining a synergistic effect from a combination of approaches. The paper suggests considering factors that influence the development of consumer loyalty in the context of the integration of digital technologies and social platforms in a daily interaction of the company with its consumers. It also suggests approaching the loyalty management as an evolving process in the company’s strategic perspective.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Series 8. Management;Volume 18; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: customer loyalty

value: customer loyalty management

value: customer experience management


dc.contributor.author

value: Nikiforova, Olga А.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nikiforova O. A. Public perception of corruption level in professional spheres. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 51–66.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article discovers the sociological approach of the phenomenon of everyday corruption as an established practice, which citizens resort to when applying to state institutions for a particular service. Within the article, the author analyzes the socio-economic factors that contribute to the reproduction of corruption in society, based on the ideas of constructivism, social exchange, justice and trust in sociology. Consideration of everyday corruption in professional spheres is a visible indicator of people’s distrust of state bodies, from one point of view, low quality of public services, from the second point, and reproduction of the social image of a bribe-taker official, from the third one. The article presents the results of a sociological study of the perception of corruption by residents of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, conducted in 2018 with the participation of the author. As a result of the comparison of the data obtained with other regional research, the author has formulated a number of factors contributing to the reproduction of corruption practices in these particular areas. An important result of the research, which can find its practical development, was the conclusion about the imperfection of the regulatory law framework, interdisciplinary work on which will become an important tool for overcoming the negative practices of everyday corruption.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The article was prepared within the framework of research at the expense of SPSU NIR_GZ_2017-2, reg. number NIOKTR in CITiS: AAAA-A18-118032090092-7.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 12; Issue 1

value: corruption

value: a perception of corruption

value: domestic corruption

value: trust

value: justice

value: legal culture


dc.contributor.author

value: Miulgauzen, Daria S.

value: Chistyakov, Kirill V.

value: Pankratova, Lubov A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Miulgauzen, D. S., Chistyakov, K. V., Pankratova, L. A. (2019). Аnthropogenic disturbances of the landscape structure of the Kola Peninsula northwest caused by mining and metallurgical industry. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (1), 44–64.

dc.description.abstract

value: On the basis of field landscape research results, the spatial features of the anthropogenic impact of Pechenganikel mining and metallurgical plant located in the northwest of the Kola Peninsula have been analysed. The landscape mapping of the Plant’s vicinity (scale 1 : 50 000) has been done, the typology of natural complexes representing the features of their structure and anthropogenic transformation has been developed. The tunturi type (upland massifs with altitudinal belts) and varaka type (rocky ridges) of landscapes are dominated in landscape structure. The main type of vegetation is mixed pine and birch subshrub forests on podzols. Higher than 220 m they turn into birch crooked subshrub wood on podzols and podzolized brown soils. On the tops higher than 320 m tundra subshrub and lichen communities on moderately developed soils prevail. However, vegetation vertical zonality has been blurred due to the anthropogenic influence. More than a half (58 %) of plant and vegetation cover should be declared damaged: forests have been replaced by woodland, a significant amount of natural woodland have turned into hessians, burnt and barren lands on anthropogenically transformed soils (the result of Podzols degradation) are dominated in the area. Anthropogenic landscape types (pits, refuse piles, mining sites) occupy a relatively insignificant part (5 %) of the area in the Plant’s vicinity. All in all, anthropogenic impact (Plant’s emissions, pits’ dust distribution) leads to vegetation and soil cover modification and formation of anthropogenic landscape types.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 64; Issue 1

value: anthropogenic impact

value: landscape structure

value: altitudinal belts

value: vegetation cover

value: Kola Peninsula

value: urban-type settlement Nikel

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shishlov, Sergey B.

value: Dubkova, Ksenia A.

value: Bugrova, Irina Yu.

value: Trikolidi, Filipp A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shishlov, S. B., Dubkova, K. A., Bugrova, I. Yu., Trikolidi, F. A., 2019. Structure and depositional environment of the Valanginian-Hauterivian sections in the middle reaches of the Bodrak River (South-Western Crimea). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64 (1), 114–135.

dc.description.abstract

value: The materials, collected during the description of 17 outcrops of Karatlykh formation (Lower Valanginian) and Karaghach formation (Lower Hauterivian) in the Bodrak River middle course (South-Western Crimea), are analyzed. The results of microscopic descriptions of thin sections, computed micro-tomography of samples, carbonate content detection, and particle-size analysis of insoluble residue are presented, the remains of scleractinian corals and cartilaginous fish are studied. Descriptions and sedimentological interpretation of 8 lithological-genetic types of layers are also presented in this article. During Karatlykh time and regressive phases of Karaghach time, terrigenous sedimentation prevailed. From the coast to the center of the basin there were pebble-sandy beaches, sandy ripples, detrital ripples with sandy depressions, detrital ripples of the far part of the shallow-water shelf. During transgressive phases of the Karaghach time, there was a shortage of terrigenous sedimentary material and carbonate sedimentation dominated. The area with solitary corals was formed along the coast and separated from the sea by patch reefs zone, detritus and coral bioherms were located on the fore reef zone. Deeper there were detrital ripples with sandy depressions, detrital ripples with single bioherms and detrital ripples with rare biostromes. According to bed’s vertical sequences, transgressive-regressive sedimentation cycles are established. It became the basis for a detailed correlation of sections. Paleogeographic schemes for the short range of geological time corresponding to transgressive and regressive maxima are compiled. It is shown that in the paleobasin there were two types of lateral sequences of accumulative landscapes. As a result, we demonstrate that in Lower Valanginian and Lower Hauterivian the studied territory represented a shallow offshore part of the sea, washed the land southeastward. This land represented the main terrigenous provenance for the basin.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: South-West Crimea

value: Valanginian

value: Hauterivian

value: layer’s lithological-genetic type

value: sedimentation environment

value: paleogeography


dc.contributor.author

value: Savin, Sergey D.

value: Kasabutskaya, Margarita S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savin S. D., Kasabutskaya M. S. Russian national values in terms of the development of collective identity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 82–97.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article highlights the question of the national values, which can become the basis of the stability and the long-term development of the multi-ethnic society in the process of social and political transformation, accompanied by the loss of ideological orientations. The authors show the dual role of values in society. On the one hand, the values form traditions and contribute to the system’s stability; on the other hand, they are the road map for the future, the source of the development and innovations. National values are presented as the core of political culture and moral life, ‘ties’ of national unity, which do not contradict the values of nationalities and ethnic groups. Exploration of the national values, as a unifying principle, encourages to find similarities in the diversity, provides the basis for the nation’s development. The article studies the problems of the formation of the civil nation and the spread of national identity in modern Russian society. The analysis shows different contradictions regarding these issues. Firstly, there is the lack of a clear goal concerning modernization of Russian society, and there is no comprehensive vision of its development components including values. Such terms as ‘civilization’, ‘empire’, ‘sovereign state’, ‘multinational community’ are mixed in the discourse of power. The article raises the question of the Russian civil nation concept, based on the principles of federalism, rid of the mixture of civilizational terms. Secondly, there is a significant regional disproportion in the perception of national unity as ‘we are Russians’ identity. Despite several surveys outcomes proving national identity existence, the article presents indicators of the single regions, national republics, ethnic and socio-demographic groups, which do not confirm such unity. The authors pay special attention to the identification of the all-Russian national values and their importance in the development strategy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This article is written within the framework of a study supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF). Project № 15-18-00119 “Historical experience of ethnic diversity and ethno-confessional conflicts management in Imperial, Soviet and post-Soviet Russia: interdisciplinary research”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Sociology;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: national values

value: national policy

value: innovative development

value: national identity

value: civil nation


dc.contributor.author

value: Grunt, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Grunt E. V. Inclusive education in modern Russian schools: regional aspect. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Sociology, 2019, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 67–81.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted in secondary schools in the Sverdlovsk region at the end of 2016 — at the beginning of 2017. The opinion of children’ parents and schoolteachers of Sverdlovsk region about the current state of inclusive education, as well as the opinion of the problems dealing with its implementation in secondary schools, has been investigated in this study. The research methodology combined both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The primary data was collected using questionnaires and focus groups. One thousand children’s parents (healthy children’ and disabled children’ parents) and 1800 teachers of schools in the Sverdlovsk region were questioned on the basis of quota sampling. Focus-groups (5) were organized for the educators engaged in the system of inclusive education on a regular basis. The focus groups were conducted in order to identify key issues of inclusive education. The study has fixed that inclusive education is a new phenomenon in the Russian education system. It began to take root in schools in the last five years. Implementation of inclusive education in the majority of the Sverdlovsk region schools is quite difficult. For the majority of them, it turns out to be more a myth than the reality. One of the major research objectives was to study the problems that prevent the development of inclusive education in Russian schools. The study has determined five main groups of problems. They are resource, system problems, organizational problems. The author concluded that the majority of teachers are in need of further training in inclusive education. This is one of the problems of its successful realization.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: inclusive education

value: secondary schools

value: problems of implementation

value: children with disabilities

value: teachers

value: parents

value: Sverdlovsk region

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pelevin, Mikhail S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pelevin M. S. Demographic Statistics among Pashtuns in Early Modern Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 64–74.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article explores rare specimens of demographic statistics extracted from the seventeenth century works in Pashto and Persian which were composed in the Pashtun tribal territories. The study’s major source is the collection of historical accounts and genealogical records written by the Khaṫak tribal rulers Khushḥāl Khān (d. 1689) and his grandson Afżal Khān (d. circa 1740/41). These writings have survived in “The Khaṫaks’ Chronicle” - the archive of the Khaṫak chieftains included by Afżal Khān as a supplement into his historiographical compilation “The Ornamented History” (Tārīkh-i muraṣṣaʿ). Other sources are the poetical works of Khushḥāl Khān and the book in Persian by the theologian Akhūnd Darweza (d. 1618/19 or 1638/39) “An Account of Pious and Wicked” (Taẕkirat al-abrār wa-l-ashrār) which contains a report on the census conducted in the Yūsufzay tribe in the second quarter of the sixteenth century. The researched material includes data on the number of people in particular tribal units, birth dynamics, infant mortality and external negative factors, such as epidemics and natural disasters, that continuously affected demographic situation. The extant sources also shed light on family and matrimonial relations among Pashtuns in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The facts examined in the article indicate that Pashtun tribal rulers were well familiar with the basics of practical demography which they needed to monitor the number of tribesmen while accomplishing specific administrative, military and economic tasks. The demographic notes left by the Khaṫak chieftains are to be considered among the most unique documents on the history and the culture of Pashtun tribes in early modern times.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 11; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Pashtun tribes

value: demographic statistics

value: historiography

value: tribal chronicles

value: genealogies

value: Pashto literature


dc.identifier.citation

value: On the Anniversary of Professor David I. Barkan. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 18 (1): 135–142.

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.contributor.author

value: Boronoev, Asalhan O.

value: Novikov, Boris M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Boronoev A. O., Novikov B. M. Review of the book “St. Petersburg University: alma mater of Buryat scholars”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2019, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 133–136.


dc.contributor.author

value: Zverev, V. O.

value: Ivanov, V. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zverev V. O., Ivanov V. A. ‘"Nests of Spies" in Russia’s Governorate-General of Warsaw in 1906– 1914 (material from criminal cases)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 83–95.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article examines organized criminal activity by military espionage formations on the territory of the Warsaw Governor General between the Russian-Japanese War and the First World War. The study of this historical case became possible with the appearance of unique documents on foreign espionage, primarily stored in State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). The correspondences of gendarmes, counterintelligence and the Office of the Warsaw Governor-General, circulars, and intelligence on foreign intelligence activities helped shed light on the unfamiliar history of such group espionage. The goals and objectives of individual “nests of spies,” and forms and methods of their work, were revealed, providing a glimpse into some activities of organized crime by spies. Archival materials from formal inquiries and preliminary investigations for criminal cases on German and Austrian espionage were the main confirmation of a “spy past” in the Warsaw provinces. A study of criminal cases filed with the prosecutor of the Warsaw Court of Justice, and letters from prosecutors of district courts, judicial investigators, and officials of the Ministry of Justice provide a real picture of such espionage. The names of agents and emissaries or residents of German and Austrian intelligence, the scale of German and Austro-Hungarian intelligence activities in western Russia, the cost of secret documents, fees for cooperation with the enemy, judicial practice in espionage cases — this is not a complete list of information in these document. According to this study, the total number of spy networks and “spy nests” functioning in the Warsaw Governor-General can be established, as well as the number of “organized criminals” and those involved in committing criminal acts but avoiding criminal liability. In addition, signs of criminal activity indicated high functionality of this professional spy environment.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 1

value: spy nests

value: military information

value: mobilization documents

value: fortresses

value: agents

value: gendarmes

value: military threats

value: First World War

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Brachev, V. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Brachev V. S. ‘The Case of Professor S. V. Voznesenskiy’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 144–155.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article is explore the "case" in 1938–1940 of the famous historian Sergei Valerianovich Voznesenskii. Genuine archival materials—investigative case files from the FSB archive for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region—provide reasons for his arrest and circumstances of this scholar’s so-called "confessions" about belonging to a counter-revolutionary terrorist organization, the Leningrad Menshevik Center. The case itself was completely fabricated by investigators from the Leningrad NKVD, who widely used illegal methods of investigation: threats, torture, and the like. Voznesenskii was brought before the court of the Military Tribunal of the Leningrad Military District on September 14, 1939, where he and his “accomplices,” professors S. I. Kovalyov, Ia. M. Zakher, A. N. Shebunin, and others found the courage to resolutely reject their earlier confessions, and on September 15 their case was returned for further investigation. However, because the accused continued to reject their previous testimony, and the investigators did not use the physical measures of the so-called “Beria thaw,” the case did not have any judicial foundations. As a result, as early as January 1940, N. N. Andreev, M. N. Martynov, and S. I. Kovalyov were released and the case against them was dropped. As for S. V. Voznesenskii, A. N. Shebunin, and Ia. M. Zaher, their cases were referred to the Special Meeting of the NKVD of the USSR. The verdict delivered for Zakher and Shebunin was severe: eight years in forced labor camps. There is no doubt that Voznesenskii’s sentence would have been the same; only his unexpected death in a prison hospital saved him from this fate.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: S. V. Voznesenskiy

value: professor

value: Leningrad State University

value: Marxist historiography

value: political repression

value: USSR


title: Leningrad in December, 1941

dc.contributor.author

value: Boldovskiy, K. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Boldovskiy K. A. ‘Leningrad in December, 1941’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 70–82.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article analyzes the situation of Leningrad in one of the most difficult periods of the Siege, December 1941. During this month, the food supply was at its lowest level and the civilian mortality rate grew to alarming proportions. The article covers three important aspects of city life: food supplies, energy supply, and the structure and mortality of the population. Using a broad range of data, the article draws conclusions about the low efficiency of managing Leningrad during the first months of the Siege, which led to tragic consequences. A rigorous analysis of archival documents shows that official statistics underestimated the number of deaths in November and December 1941. The article also provides accurate data on the stocks of flour, meat, and other products in Leningrad, which makes it possible to assess the level of danger of starvation for the civilian population. The author also draws attention to problematic interaction between the city government and Moscow, including Stalin personally. The inability of local authorities to make independent decisions early in the Siege, and the reluctance to inform the central leadership about the critical situation in the city, was another cause of this tragedy. This situation was a result of the system of power that had developed in the USSR in the prewar period.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by “Russian Foundation for Basic Research”, project no. 17-01-00346 “The Siege: Decrees of the Leningrad All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Governing Bodies. 1941–1944”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Siege

value: Leningrad

value: supply

value: mortality

value: energy

value: A. A. Zhdanov

value: I. V. Stalin

dc.title

value: Leningrad in December, 1941


dc.contributor.author

value: Babich, I. L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Babich I. L. ‘Vectors of Migration of Northern Caucasians from Russia (1920–1930)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 202–213.

dc.description.abstract

value: After the October Revolution, those peoples who did not agree with revolutionary changes decided to go into emigration, and among those were North Caucasian refugees. This article aims to describe the vectors of migration taken by North Caucasian refugees in the 1920s and 1930s, using private and public archives in France. Two main vectors were Eastern and European. In the 19th century, those who did not agree with the Russian authorities in the North Caucasus moved to the Ottoman Empire, whereas those who went Europe settled in Bulgaria, Serbia, and Germany. There were various political or social benefits from Czechoslovakia and Poland, and so many migrants from the North Caucasus ended up in these countries as well. A study of resettlement of North Caucasian migrants in Paris and its suburbs reveals four key principles of residence in the French capital: 1. Some accommodations were near places where migrants worked. 2. Migrants with money could live in prestigious areas (the 16th arrondissement). 3. Accommodations among other North Caucasian diaspora (the 15th arrondissement) led to the creation of a kind of resettlement the North Caucasians in Paris. 4. Accommodations were available in the Paris suburbs.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by “Russian Science Foundation”, project no. 15-18-00099 “Enhancing Social Cohesion and Civic Participation in Multiethnic States. Russian and International Experiences”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: France

value: Turkey

value: Europe

value: white muslims

value: peoples of the North Cuacasus

value: Russia

value: Soviet power

value: emigrants

value: Paris

value: archives

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Khaziev, R. A.

value: Frolova, I. V.

value: Urazova, A. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khaziev R. A., Frolova I. V., Urazova A. I. ‘The Civil War and Russian Regions: Contemporary Perception, New Approaches and Assessments’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 252–261.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article examines the international conference “The Civil War and Russian Regions: contemporary perceptions, new approaches and assessments held by the Institute of History and State Administration of Bashkir State University in Ufa, November 29–30, 2018. Co-organizers of the conference were the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg State University; the historical organization “Russia is my history” (Ufa), the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University. Conference sponsors were the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Humanitarian Projects, which provided financial support for the conference. The conference was attended by Russian well-known scholars from Moscow and St. Petersburg, regions of the Russian Federation, Bashkortostan, and CIS countries who study the Russian Civil War. Conference participators considered complex and controversial issues, especially regarding events of the “frontline-based phase” of the Civil War in Russian regions in terms of political, economic, social, and ideological projections. The Youth Science Forum was also held within the framework of the conference. All participants came to the collective conclusion that in the context of globalization, it is necessary to form an objective understanding of the technology of occurrence and of provoking “civil wars,” and from there developing expert recommendations for the prevention of such conflicts.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Civil War

value: provincial Russia

value: historiography

value: war communism

value: propaganda

value: Red Army

value: White Army


dc.contributor.author

value: Rudkovskaya, M. M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rudkovskaya M. M. ‘The Russian Squadron in 1920–1924: People and Fates in Documents from the Military-Historical Archive in Vincennes’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 133–143.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article describes the fate of the unique archives of the headquarters of the Russian Squadron, which was located at the port of Bizerte from 1921 to 1924. After evacuating of the Crimea and spending a short time in Constantinople, the Russian military fleet was sent to this distant colonial port, where the squadron existed until France recognized Soviet Russia in October 1924. After the liquidation of the squadron as a separate military unit, archival documents were stored in Bizerte for several years, and in 1935 were transported to the Military-Historical Archive in Toulon. However, only in 1981, after the transfer of the archives for permanent storage to the Historical Service of the French Army in Vincennes, was this documentary collection officially included in the archive. The author raises questions about the creation and description of the collection and analyzes reference materials available for contemporary scholars. Special attention is devoted to an in-depth description of the collections along chronological and thematic principles, including a detailed classification of documents. In addition, the author describes a collection of various French-language sources related to the history of the Russian Squadron, which are stored in various collections of the Defense Historical Division at the Château de Vincennes.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian Squadron

value: Wrangel's Fleet

value: Vincennes

value: France


dc.contributor.author

value: Suprun, M. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Suprun M. N. ‘Review on: Kuzminykh A. L. “Military Captivity and Internment in the USSR (1939–1956)”’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 276–280.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 9; Issue 1

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sankova, S. М.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sankova S. М. ‘The Duel as a Form of Political Publicity Stunt by Russian Deputies in the Early 20th Century’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 262–275.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article represents reflections on A. A. Ivanov's “A Case of Honor”: Deputies of the State Duma and Duel Scandals (1906–1917)"(“Delo chesti”: deputaty Gosudarstvennoi dumy i duel’nye skandaly (1906–1917)). The general structure of Ivanov's monograph may lead one to the conclusion that duel as scandals were rare episodes in the first Russian State Dumas, but a closer look at contents of the book reveals that such scandals were numerous, resonant, and quite characteristic of the time. Comparing Russian duels with those of European parliamentarians, the former had little in common with classical duels. The press was also involved in these scandals, giving wide publicity to dueling deputies and thus encouraging them to continue the practice. This suggests that duel scandals were a form of publicity stunts that often turned into the main goal of dueling deputies, to the detriment of state and party interests. As is noted in Ivanov's monograph, duels were illegal and condemned by the Orthodox Church. By taking part in duels, Russian parliamentarians publicly showed disrespect for law and church. According to the monograph, the police did little to prevent such conflicts, and this blasé attitude undermined the authority of law enforcement in public consciousness. Thus, all the parties involved in Duma duel scandals contributed to the development of legal nihilism, which became one of the foundations of the Revolution of 1917.

dc.subject

value: matter of honor

value: duel scandal

value: duels

value: deputies

value: State Duma

value: duma monarchy


dc.contributor.author

value: Piankevich, V. L.

value: Chistikov, A. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Piankevich V. L., Chistikov A. N. ‘Along the Lake on Foot: The Evacuation of the Population from Leningrad in late November and early December, 1941’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, pp. 56–69.

dc.description.abstract

value: This article examines the little-studied issue from the history of the civilian evacuation from Leningrad in the years of the Blockade. Drawing on diaries, memoirs, and unpublished documents, the authors analyze the emergence and realization of large groups of people traversing Lake Ladoga by foot, from the besieged city to the rest of the USSR, in late November and early December, 1941. This attempt was considered an essential characteristic of the organization of Ladoga communication at the beginning of the winter of 1941. These sources suggest the hypothesis of the existence of administrative documents from military and civil bodies that developed the idea of travel across the lake on foot. A marching order across Ladoga’s ice for various groups of military personnel was employed, and the idea of mass evacuations of civilians on foot was not officially realized at this time. The authors conclude that the emergence of this idea of sending civilians who were physically and morally unprepared reveals the authorities’ feverish search for ways to evacuate Leningrad’s inhabitants in the face of the worsening situation with food and living conditions. Good intentions could lead to tragedy, and the general unpreparedness for mass evacuation stood in the way of this adventurous, if dangerous, project. Judging by diaries and other documents, Leningraders had one of two attitudes to this plan. Some were ready to take this risk that to flee hunger and cold, in hopes of finding rescue beyond the city, while others tried to consider forces and conditions of this journey, understanding the real danger for this form of evacuation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Great Patriotic War

value: Leningrad

value: blockade

value: Road of Life

value: evacuation