dc.contributor.author

value: Hirao, Kouji

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hirao, Kouji. 2018. “The system of lawyers training in Japan and its purposes”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 593–604.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The process of training lawyers in Japan has certain characteristics. Access to the legal profession
is due to the demonstration of knowledge, skills and competencies in a special qualifying
examination. This is a state test aimed at checking the competitor`s knowledge and ability to
fulfill future duties. Passing the exam is required to obtain the profession of a lawyer, prosecutor
or judge. In Japan, now applies a newly unified qualification exam, replacing the previous
version. If earlier anyone could take the previous exam, then under the system of the new
qualification exam, only those who graduated from Law School were allowed to take it. Such
Law Schools were created on the basis of law faculties of universities. However, the exam is not the only condition, and the applicant also needs to undergo a special legal internship at the
institute created under the Supreme Court of Japan. Passing an internship serves the interests
of the applicant not only because of the addition of his competencies, but also because the bar,
the prosecutor`s office, and the judiciary are similarly selecting their own cadres. The internship
includes certain exams that you must pass to complete it. In case of successful completion
of the legal internship, the applicant is licensed by a lawyer. Despite the apparent harmony of
the system of training lawyers in Japan, in the modern form, it is not devoid of a number of
problems. The author as a practicing lawyer perfectly sees the existing issues and therefore
gives his vision to the system, taking into account the experience of the pre-existing qualification
exam and the consequences of the new test, and also referring to the peculiarities of the
legal internship and the experience of the existence of Law Schools.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: training of lawyers

value: qualification examination for lawyers

value: access to the legal profession in Japan

value: legal traineeship

value: Law Schools

dc.title

filename: 10-Hirao Kouji.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Liu, Ming Xiang

dc.identifier.citation

value: Liu, Ming Xiang. 2018. “Chinese system of accessory to crime as a monistic system”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 584–592.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In Criminal Law are identified two systems of complicity in crime: differentiated and monistic.
The first one is accepted in such countries as Germany, Switzerland, France, Spain,
Netherlands, Japan and some others. The system of complicity is used in such countries as
Austria, Norway, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Brazil, the countries of the former Soviet Union, the
Czech Republic, etc. Today, most Chinese researchers claim that PRC has adopted a dualistic
system of participation that distinguishes between performing and complicity — so called,
“differentiated system”. There are certain grounds for such a conclusion in the provisions of
the Criminal Code of the PRC, but they should not be interpreted unambiguously against the
monistic system. At the same time, some scientists believe that the Chinese Criminal Law
adopted a monistic system of participation or a system of a single performer — a uniform system.
The legal grounds for this conclusion can also be found in the provisions of the Criminal
Code of the PRC. To compare the two systems in the study, examples are given from some
Criminal Laws, including consideration of different forms of complicity and roles of accessory
to crimes. According to the author, the Chinese Criminal Law does not realise a dualistic system
of participation that distinguishes between performance and complicity. Our arguments
in favor of this position are presented in this comparative legal and critical study. This study
is providing for the first time. For this, in particular, the interpretation of the provisions of the Criminal Code of the PRC, as well as examples of hypothetical crimes and the qualification of
the actions of the persons participating in them are given.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 9; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Chinese Criminal Law

value: Criminal Code of the PRC

value: accessory to crime

value: differentiated system of accessory to a crime

value: the monistic system of accessory to a crime

dc.type

value: Article

filename: 09-Liu Ming Xiang.pdf

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Bieś-Srokosz, Paulina

value: Kapustina, Mariia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bieś-Srokosz, Paulina, Kapustina, Mariia A. 2018. “The impact of EU regulations on the Polish legal system in the field of administrative law. The need to create new, special (untypical) entities in Polish administrative law”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 605–619.

dc.description.abstract

value:
As an institution, the European Union forces the Member States to adapt to its requirements,
which are the fulfilment of its vision of functioning. The Union does not allow the Member
State to act contrary to its rules. Anyone who wants to belong to the Union should not the
only accent but also implement its provisions in its legal system. This is due to the fact that the
Union wants to be one, a common institution, and not a set of countries that are legally different,
acting in such a way that they are mutually exclusive. Therefore, in specific sectors, the
EU dictates very clear conditions, thus affecting the introduction of specific regulations into a
given legal order, even by creating specific entities. And this is the case in Poland. Therefore,
the main intention of the authors of the article is to show and characterize very clear EU influence
on the creation and operation of new entities in the Polish legal system, in particular in
the Polish administrative law. The main emphasis was put on the creation and functioning of
government agencies in Poland, which EU regulations have a huge impact, among others due
to the transfer of funds for the performance of their individual tasks.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The co-author, Kapustina Mariia Alexandrovna, acknowledges Saint-Petersburg State University for
a research grant 26520757.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: European Union

value: EU regulations

value: Polish law

value: uniform regulation

value: administrative law

value: special entities in the legal system

value: public administration entity

value: cohesion policy programmes


dc.contributor.author

value: Trinh, Tien Viet

value: Tran, Thi Hong Le

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trinh, Tien Viet, Tran, Thi Hong Le. “Protection of constitutional rights to liberty and security of person in the Penal Code 2015 of Vietnam”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 568–583.

dc.description.abstract

value:
By referring to the International Conventions on Human Rights, The Constitution of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam of 2013 and the Resolution of the Communist Party of Vietnam
on judicial reform, the article points out that the right to liberty and the security of person
are human rights and citizenship rights which are protected by Vietnamese law. This is also
the basis for the article to evaluate the protection of liberty and personal security provided
by the provisions of the Vietnam Penal Code of 2015, revised in 2017. As a result, the article
proposes solutions to further improve the criminal policy and the Penal Code regulations
towards strengthening the protection of human rights in general, the right to liberty and the
security of person in particular. The approach and legal basis of this study is a human rightsbased
approach, centered on human rights to evaluate and propose solutions to the issues.
With this approach, the article adopts the general standards of personal freedom and security
in international law as the basic criterion for evaluating and proposing amendments of
Vietnamese criminal law regulations on protecting the liberty and personal security. In the
process of this study, specific research methods were used including the synthetic method,
the analytical method and the comparative method. These methods are used to: synthesize the views, awareness of the need to protect freedom and personal security by criminal law;
analyze the contents of the relevant regulations in the Vietnamese criminal law; compare with
international law standards and crime statistics to assess the suitability and effectiveness of
these regulations in Vietnamese criminal law.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article is written in the framework of National University of Hanoi Research Topic: “Vietnam
Criminal Law in the face of non-traditional security challenges” by A/Prof. Dr. Trinh Tien Viet as Director
(Code: QG.18.30).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 9; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: human rights

value: the right to liberty

value: the security of person

value: Vietnam’s Penal Code

value: criminal policy

dc.title

filename: 08-Trinh Tien Viet.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Petrashen, Eugenia P.

value: Speranskaya, Varvara S.

value: Kuzmina, Аrina O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petrashen, Eugenia, Varvara Speranskaya, and Arina Kuzmina. “Destructive Landscapes in the Context of Public Urban Space: Issues of Rehabilitation, Adaptation and Integration”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 693–714.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper is dedicated to the challenge for many Russian cities — the transformation of abandoned
complex terrain landscapes into public spaces designed to become bona fide elements
of the architectural and artistic environment. The purpose of this work was to form an integrated
methodology for the valorization of such landscapes based on the initial and prospective
parameters of the area for creation of a sustainable model of development thereof. The
main tasks are to consider various aspects of destructive landscapes transformation and to
reveal their potential for evolving and restoring the natural resources while maintaining the
well-balanced ecological, economic and social environment. The methodological aspect of the
work was based on the Russian and foreign sources dedicated to the urban landscape issues.
As the optimal methodology for conceptual modeling, we chose the approach to the city landscape
as a “green-blue infrastructure”. The principles of its formation, which are closely related
to the natural, ecological and “urboecological” implications, are also analyzed. The results of
the research were used as to create the concept of reconstruction of the “Glebuchev ravine” destructive
landscape, viewed as a historical urban environment within the city of Saratov with
a development potential. The focus was not so much on the ultimate achievement of a certain
project result but on the demonstration of the strategic approach to organizing the destructive
landscape transformation process. The conceptual proposals set forth in the paper can serve as
framework to resolve similar problems in many cities of the Russian Federation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: urban landscape

value: destructive territories

value: ravines

value: ravine-frame systems

value: green and blue infrastructure

value: restorative ecology

value: sustainable urban environment

value: linear park

value: Glebuchev ravine

value: Saratov

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tuminskaya, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tuminskaya, Olga. “The Composition of the Upcoming Holy Fools in Tiers”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 666–82.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the XVI century, Kargopol, due to its geographical location, became a major, actively developing
commercial land and exchange center. It attracted hunters, fishermen, merchants,
and seafarers. Artisanry, farming, and culture began to develop. Masters invited from Veliky
Novgorod shared their artistic secrets, and soon Kargopol saw the construction of temples
(the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ /1552–1562/ can still be seen today), with Novgorod-
Kargopol style icons of local saints. “Тhe Selected Saints” icon from Kargopol has a tiered
composition. Icons from many churches were brought to the capital’s workshops for restoration,
which allowed their in-depth study. Today there are established connections between the
scholars in the capital and those in the cities of the Russian North-West, the region whose art
is known for its distinct development trends within the broader Russian art. A specific feature
of the Northern Russian art tradition is the depiction of holy fools by local iconographers. Several
collective expeditions were organized. For example, in the 1950s, a number of expeditions
were carried out. As a result the museums of Kargopol, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Arkhangelsk,
Vologda acquired new items, which gave way to new discoveries.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Kargopol icons with images of fools

value: Christ Cathedral in Kargopol

value: tiered composition

value: cast copper icons triptychs

value: expeditions


title: “Group Portrait” of the Early Agricultural Era: A Set of Figurines of Vinča Culture from Stubline (Serbia) in the Context of the European Neolithic and Copper Age Societies

dc.contributor.author

value: Palaguta, Ilia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Palaguta, Ilia. “‘Group Portrait’ of the Early Agricultural Era: A Set of Figurines of Vinča Culture from Stubline (Serbia) in the Context of the European Neolithic and Copper Age Societies”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 626–45.

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the most fruitful trends in contemporary Art History is the social history of art. Interpretation
of artworks of preliterate cultures is possible by revealing the interrelationships between
a particular society, the peculiarities of its ecology, and the figurative system presented
in its art. European Neolithic and Chalcolithic societies (7th–3rd millennia BC) are different
by its’ structure: from hierarchical to relatively homogeneous. But just during this epoque
war became one of the modes of production, giving birth to the corresponding social institutions.
Pictorial representations that clearly show the characters related to the sphere of war
are extremely rare. That is why a find of the set of figurines in Vinča D site Stubline, Serbia
is of great importance. This set includes 43 clay figurines, 7 miniature clay axe and 2 maceheads
models. Statuettes formed several groups (Crnobrnja 2011). Thus, we have an image of
a troop of armed men, united around the leader. Figurines were made in the form of cones,
which allowed them to be placed on a flat surface. A squad of almost 50 warriors that was
depicted in the composition of figurines described above could portray a group of fighters
led by a military leader. Based on the known ethnographic parallels, similar groups could be
formed on the principle an age-class system. It is possible that Stubline set could have been
used in initiation rituals or may have been intended as a visual representation of the roles of
men’s society members as in a “tactical game” (which does not exclude the possibility that this
set could have been made during cult practice).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: interpretation

value: Copper Age

value: Vinča culture

value: figurines

value: age-class system


title: “Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov as Reflected in Their Friendship”: An Unpublished Article by А. N. Rimsky-Korsakov

dc.contributor.author

value: Guseinova, Zivar M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guseinova, Zivar. “‘Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov as Reflected in Their Friendship’: An Unpublished Article by А. N. Rimsky-Korsakov”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 567–77.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper discusses the materials related to the work of A. N. Rimsky-Korsakov (1878–1940,
son of the composer, musicologist, Ph.D.) in the 1930s when he was preparing the first scientific
publication of the small, yet significant correspondence between the distinguished
Russian composers P. I. Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) and N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908).
Before that, the letters of the musicians had been published only in parts; researchers into the
composers’ legacy had used and quoted only certain excerpts. A. N. Rimsky-Korsakov collected all the letters known at that time (not all the letters we know today had been found by
then) from various archives of the USSR, including the House-Museum of P. I. Tchaikovsky
in Klin. He also prepared an academic commentary and wrote a large research paper on the
issues discussed in the correspondence and the most complicated aspects of the musicians’
works. The correspondence was only published as late as in 1945 in the third collection of
papers “Soviet music”, without A. N. Rimsky-Korsakov’s introductory article. His materials
were practically never used in the subsequent editions of either composer’s letters. Now these
materials — the introductory paper to the correspondence and independent studies of the
musicians’ friendship — are part of the scholar’s archive at the Cabinet of manuscripts in the
Russian Institute of Art History (Saint Petersburg). Despite dating back over 80 years, they
retain their significance, thanks to the researcher’s road knowledge and expertise, his personal
involvement in many of the events under consideration, as well as his personal interest in an
unbiased interpretation of the correspondence.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Материалы переписки нашли отражение на страницах ряда работ о Н. А. Римском-Корсакове [2–4].

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: P. I. Tchaikovsky

value: N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov

value: A. N. Rimsky-Korsakov

value: correspondence

value: manuscript

value: study

value: Russian Institute of Art History

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Malich, Ksenia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malich, Ksenia. “Alvin Boyarsky and his System: The Evolution of the Pedagogical Programme in London Architectural Association in the 1960-1980s”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 683–92.

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the most exciting periods on the history of London Architectural Association was in
the 1960–1980s, when Alvyn Boyarsky became its director and the school turned into a true
experimental field for the post-reconstruction generation, bringing up today’s world architecture
leaders. The school’s graduates are the heroes of contemporary architecture, sensitive to
the historical urban context, architectural genealogy and the complexity of human everyday
life in general. Some of the issues raised during that period are still relevant in contemporary
urban development. The current paper is a study of AA’s educational methods and programmes,
with a focus on the main research topics, best diploma projects, and extracurricular
activities. Education for Boyarski was a way to create an environment for experimentation and
critical thinking, so he supported any student undertaking — from costumed carnivals and
elephant riding to music records and student magazines. This was the reform carried out by
Boyarski: he completely changed the structure of the studying process by proposing the “unit
system” as the base model (which he himself called the “well-laid table”). The paper is devoted
to the history of London Architectural Association of the 1960s–1980s, the urban problems
faced by the generation that succeeded the generation of the postwar Reconstruction, and the
methods of teaching developed during these years under the leadership of Alvin Boyarski.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено за счет средств Государственной программы Российской Федерации «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013–2020 гг. в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН, тема 1.6.6.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: 1970s architecture

value: late modernism

value: postmodernism

value: London Architectural Association

value: urbanism


dc.contributor.author

value: Bulatova, Dinara A.

value: Gadjieva, Aishat A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bulatova, Dinara, and Aishat Gadjieva. “Bowed Instruments of the Turkic-Mongol Peoples of Siberia from the Collection of the Russian Museum of Ethnography”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 540–66.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of one of the largest collections of traditional musical instruments
— the collection of the Russian Museum of Ethnography. The attention of the authors
is drawn to the bowed chordophones of the Siberian Turkic-Mongolian peoples. The most
historical and culturally valuable part of this collection is represented by the earliest exemplars
collected in the first half of the 20th century: two Tuvinian (Soyots) igils and byzaanchy (the
collection of F. Ya. Kon, 1902); Mongolian Khuur (the collection of S. A. Kondratiev, 1923);
Tuvinian (Todzhintses) igil (the collection of M. G. Levin, 1926); Khakassian yykh (the collection
of L. N. Terentieva, 1939). The history of the acquisition of the bowed chordophones
collection of the Siberian Turkic-Mongolian peoples, аn ergo-morphological description detailed
of the instruments representing the culture of the Tuvinians, Altaians, Khakas, Mongols,
Yakuts are given. The studied chordophones belong to the following organological types (according
to the musical instruments systematics by E. fon Hornbostel and K. Zaks): the necked
lutes (321.32): the necked bowl lutes (321.321: igil, yykh, ikili-topshur), the necked box lutes
(321.322: kytiya khyryppa); (321.31): spike box lutes (321.312: khuur, byzaanchy, igil), spike
tube lutes (321.313: byzaanchy). The authors draw conclusions about the ergo-morphological
features of the instruments: the types of the resonator, the length of the neck, the types of
heads and peg boxes, the location of the pegs, the material of the decks and the features of their
fixation, the material of the strings, etc.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work is carried out under financing by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and
the Government contract N 4584-01-41/06-16 from 09/28/2016. “Bow musical instruments in multiethnic
space” (FTP “Culture of Russia /2012–2018/”).

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: bowed instruments

value: chordophones

value: Turkic-Mongolian peoples of Siberia

value: igil

value: byzaanchy

value: yykh

value: khuur

value: ikili-topshur

value: kytiya khyryppa


dc.contributor.author

value: Pivovarova, Nadezhda V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pivovarova, Nadezhda. “Works of Moscow Art Workshops During the Reign of Tsar Fyodor Alexeyevich: Defining the Issue”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 646–65.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper presents the results of various studies of the works of Moscow Art workshops produced
during the short reign of Tsar Fyodor Alexeyevich (1676–1682). It analyzes the creation,
the iconography and the artistic features of a number of works of art from the collections of St. Petersburg
and Moscow museums. Special attention is given to the iconographical programme and
the inscription on the icon “The Crucifixion with apostles and saints” from the State Russian
Museum in St. Petersburg. The icon’s first and only researcher T. Ananyeva used the text of the
inscription and the colour of the icon to interpret its worldly meaning as a work created for tsar
Fyodor Alexeyevich to celebrate the end of the war and the establishment of peace. According
to T. Ananyeva, the probable author of the inscription was Joann Maximovich, who sought
Moscow’s support in the period of struggle between Transdnieper and Turkey. However, a more
recent study proved the version mistaken. It has been established that the text is not original, but
is borrowed from the divine service of the feast of the Holy Cross Day (September 14). This, in
turn, has called for reconsidering the iconographical programme of the icon. Support is given to
the hypothesis that the icon is connected with the project of creating the “New Jerusalem” in the
Moscow Kremlin under tsar Feodor Alexeevich. The paper presents the opinion that the icon
was painted by a group of Moscow art workshop masters led by Mikhail Milyutin, chief painter
of the Armoury Chamber. Two liturgical sets and a few altar Gospels from the domestic churches
at the Grand Terem Palace in the Moscow Kremlin are also used in the current research. The
features of technique are studied and differences in their design are established.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 16-04-00258.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 4

value: Tsar Fyodor Alexeyevich

value: domestic churches

value: the Moscow Kremlin

value: Moscow art workshops

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zherdev, Vitaliy V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zherdev, Vitaliy. “The Demidoff Church in the San Donato Estate in Florence”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 605–25.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is about the decoration of the former Demidoffs’ house church in the villa of San
Donato. A part of it is now located in the church of the Nativity of Christ and St. Nicholas
the Thaumaturge in Florence (architect M. T. Preobrazhensky). The author has suggested the
probable appearance of the house church in the villa of San Donato based on notes of contemporaries,
analysis of the palace’s blueprints and the remaining elements of the decoration.
The ecclesiastical purpose of the surviving building of the “Demidoffs ex-chapel” has been
questioned and analyzed, based on D. Silvestri’s original sketches, from which it follows that
this is the building of the Odeon — a concert and theater hall. Particular attention is paid to
the carved decoration of the church, made in A. Barbetti’s workshop, to the iconostasis and
the gallery of local and small icons. Local icons of the iconostasis and icons of the apostles executed
in an academic manner by famous religious painter V. V. Vasilyev. However, the gallery
of small icons of the second tier of the iconostasis and the doors-kiots is stylistically close to
the icon-painting of the 17th century. Also, based on historical analysis and analysis of style,
the author sets up a hypothesis that the gallery of small icons from Demidoffs’ church belong
to “Nevyansk” or “Peshekhonovsk” icon-painting schools.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Demidoff the Prince of San Donato

value: Church of the Nativity of Christ and St. Nicholas the Thaumaturge in Florence

value: M. T. Preobrazhensky

value: D. Silvestri

value: A. Barbetti

value: V. V. Vasilyev

value: “Nevyansk” icon-painting

value: “Peshekhonovsk” icon-painting


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryzhinskii, Aleksandr S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryzhinskii, Aleksandr. “Characteristics of Choral Writing in György Ligeti’s Late Works”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 578–92.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Article is devoted to the last vocal works a cappella created György Ligeti in 1980 — the 1990th
years: “Drei Phantasien nach Fridrich Hölderlin”, “Magyar Etüdök” and “Nonsense Madrigals”.
The author traces relationship between the previous and last choral opuses by the master, between
Ligeti’s choral works and choral creativity of his predecessors and contemporaries. So the author
reveals features of ligeti’s late choral style: at the levels of relationship between word and music,
the texture and timbre organization. The author pays special attention to studying of Ligeti’s
neomadrigalism. This phenomenon proves in the organization of musical texture, in interaction
of musical and literary texts and also in the general organization of compositions. The opposition
of love and death (immemorial categories of human life) is the cornerstone of the dramaturgic
organization of a cycle and typical for Ligeti’s vocal works “polyphony of meanings” is shown in
the constant present genre and style game with the recipient. The composition intended for “The
King’s singers” embodies diverse style hints, corresponding to the wide performing range of this
ensemble and own musical interests of the composer. In this last vocal work by Ligeti also his
love to literary world of Lewis Carroll with the atmosphere of absurdity, so conformable to the
music world of the author of “Le Grand Macabre” was reflected.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project №16-04-50011.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: György Ligeti

value: Arnold Schönberg

value: Luigi Nono

value: Lewis Carroll

value: Fridrich Hölderlin

value: choral music

value: texture

value: vocal timbres

value: neomadrigalism


title: The Formation of the Visual Theatre Aesthetics: Theater Practice and Experiments of the Russian Avant-garde in the 1900–1930s

dc.contributor.author

value: Spasskaia, Margarita A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Spasskaia, Margarita. “The Formation of the Visual Theatre Aesthetics: Theater Practice and Experiments of the Russian Avant-garde in 1900–1930s”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 4 (2018): 593–604.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The visual theater is now rapidly developing on the Russian stage. In such performances the director,
like an artist creates visibly embodied poetic images in the theater space and uses an actor
as an element of the stage composition. The works of “visualists” — R. Wilson, R. Castellucci,
J. Nadj, D. Krymov, “Engineering Theater AKHE”, etc. — clearly demonstrate one of the defining
trends of contemporary theatre: the transfer of effective activity from the verbal component to
the visual elements. However, despite the seeming novelty of techniques, the ideas developed by
modern directors in the visual theatre often turn out to be high-tech, but quite logical continuation
of theatre and artistic avant-garde experiments of the 1900–1930s. That was the time when
artists and directors began to explore intensively each other’s possibilities and started to move towards
each other. In the article the development of approaches to work with visual imagery as a
sense-making element of the performance is explored on the example of performances staged by
V. Meyerhold, A. Tairov, E. G. Craig (“Hamlet” in the Moscow Art Theatre, 1909–1911) etc. On
the example of theoretical works and scenic experiments of V. Kandinsky, K. Malevich, V. Tatlin
etc., it is studied how the Russian avant-garde started to bring under theatrical techniques. The
author analyzes the process of mutual influence between the theater and fine arts at the beginning
of the 20th century and establishes parallels between experiments of the 1900–1930s and
the main aesthetic conventions of modern visual theater.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: visual theater

value: visual arts

value: avant-garde

value: futurism

value: performance art

value: V. Meyerhold

value: V. Kandinsky

value: K. Malevich

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kostromina, Svetlana N.

value: Grishina, Natalia V.

value: Zinovyeva, Elena V.

value: Moskvicheva, Natalia L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kostromina S. N., Grishina N. V., Zinovyeva E. V., Moskvicheva N. L. Life model as a construct for studying the life scenario of personality. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2018, vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 341–357.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reveals the concept of “life model” as a construct, concretising the concept of a life
scenario. Nowadays, the problems of a life path and a life scenario are unfolding on a new
stage of its development, which is connected with the global changes of modern society, expanding
opportunities for human life creation. One of the research tasks is the development of
the constructs to specify the key concepts in this problem field. The analysis of the evolution of
ideas about the life scenario allows to leave its interpretation as an unconscious structure determined
by early experience and to view it as a multidimensional construct which integrates the different contexts of human existence. Modern methodological approaches to the study of
the life scenario are presented in three aspects: the sociological (life schedule), the practiceoriented
(experience and attitudes acquired in childhood), and the exploratory (through the
description of the life path at the different age stages, life events series and personal history).
Comparison of the methods used to study the life scenario allows identifying their advantages
and limitations. Methodological diversity in the life scenario studies is manifested in the data
obtained which are difficult to compare due to different theoretical positions and methodological
approaches. The proposed concept of “life model” integrates different components of
the life scenario and presents the part of life scenario realised by a person in a concrete life
sphere. The professional sphere, the sphere of close relations, and the personal sphere are
identified as the basic ones. Each of these spheres is described through the life model with
its corresponding characteristics and parameters that are available for empirical study. The
concretisation of the life scenario through the concept of the life model and the variant of its
operationalisation presented in the article creates the conditions for studying the life scenario
in different research perspectives.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках исследовательского
проекта № 18-013-00599 («Жизненные модели молодежи: межпоколенное и внутрипоколенное исследование»).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: the trajectory of life

value: life scenario

value: life model

value: life decision


dc.contributor.author

value: Guseltseva, Marina S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guseltseva M. S. Metamodernism in psychology: New methodological strategies and changes of subjectivity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2018, vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 327– 340.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Modern transformations are traced in the new movements of philosophy and art. The basis
of modernism was the classical rationality, producing logocentrism and universal discourse.
Until the 20th century human development accompanied social optimism, belief in the orderliness
of the world, progress and reason. Postmodernism has abandoned the totality of discourses;
revived the principle of doubt; appealed to critical reason. However, postmodernism
does not capture the current changes. Metamodernism observes the transformation of our
time more accurately. The article analyses a methodological strategy of metamodernism that
is new for psychological science, representing the oscillation between two poles, in particular,
modern and postmodern, with simultaneous use of their representations and practices. The
basis of the strategy is the principle of oscillation the methodological meaning of which is
concluded in mutually agreed integration while at the same time releasing from rigid epistemological
traditions. Overcoming linear and one-dimensional constructions metamodernism
suggests using each of them situationally, in a local context, in the specificity of the case, while
making the conceptual variety a flexible and basic tool for the researcher. A metamodernistic
worldview constructs new images of a person. Psychological features of metamodern are
described as virtuality, interactivity, digitalism, values of self-expression, respect for everyday
life, sincerity and solidarity. These features separately conceptualised by different authors are
to be understood as an integral world outlook of the epoch. As a methodological strategy, the
metamodernism is viewed as a spontaneous response to the challenges of the complexity, the
multidimensionality and transitivity of the modern world.

value: methodology

value: changes

value: modern psychology

value: epistemological strategies

value: postmodernism

value: metamodernism

value: subjectivity

value: transdisciplinarity


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivankova, Daria L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivankova D. L. Psychological content of life competence in a situation of solving the ageing problems of youth. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2018, vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 381– 395.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reveals the psychological content of life competence of young people in the context
of solving age-related problems. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the
psychological content of life competence includes cognitive (autobiographical knowledge and
knowledge of age-related problems), affective (emotions and feelings in relation to the solution
of age-related problems), motivational (motives, needs and aspirations associated with
the solution of age-related problems) and behavioral (strategies for solving age-related problems)
components. The sample consisted of data obtained from 40 people aged 23 to 26 years.
The study measured the level of development of life competence, representation in its psychological
content of each component. It is established that in total all selected components are
interconnected and form a single structure. The cognitive and behavioural components of life
competence are actualised to the greatest extent, and the affective components are actualised
to the least extent when solving age-related problems. It is empirically proved that subjectively
significant age-related problems defining the potential development of the personality in
youth, such as search of the calling and formation of the personality as the professional activities;
active intrapersonal work on the understanding of “I” and the life as unique; aspiration to
the identification of reality and ideal. Life competence the most popular to solve the following
age-related problems in youth: self-reliance and responsibility as personality traits; family;
finding your calling; the formation of personality as a professional are the most solvable agerelated
problems that characterise the actual development of personality in this period.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: personality

value: life competence

value: developmental tasks

value: development

value: youth

value: content analysis

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pleshkova, Natalia L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pleshkova N. L. Development of attachment among children from one to four years old. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2018, vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 396–408.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the review of research on the development of attachment among young
and preschool children with the correlation between the quality of child’s attachment and
mother’s sensitivity. Theoretical approaches to assessing attachment behaviour in children
were also considered. These approaches have a different conceptualisation of the development
of attachment strategies in children exposed to abuse and neglect in their families. There is no
research data of stability and change of the attachment patterns in Russian preschoolers studied
by Strange Situation Procedure. The aims of the study were to examine longitudinally the
stability and change of attachment patterns in infancy and preschool age as well as to describe
factors which relate to the change of the attachment patterns. 27 “mother-child” dyads took
part in the study. All the children were developing normally. The Strange Situation Procedure
was used to assess attachment patterns in children aged 13,3 ± 1,6 and 32,1 ± 9,6 months old.
M. Ainsworth’s and P. Crittenden’s classification criteria were used for the evaluating of attachment
patterns. Attachment classification showed instability between infancy and preschool
years in 22,2 % of children. The change of attachment patterns of children was related to markers
of the depression in infancy as well as with daycare visits. Findings are discussed in terms
of different positions in attachment theory.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РГНФ № 08-06-00629а.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: attachment

value: early childhood

value: preschoolers

value: assessment of attachment


dc.contributor.author

value: Nartova-Bochaver, Sofya K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nartova-Bochaver S. K. On the nature of psychological sovereignty: Relation to the temper. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2018, vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 370–380.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The psychological sovereignty is an adaptive agency’s feature, contributing to maintaining
of subjective well-being in its different aspects and therefore extremely required in everyday life. The empirical study is devoted to the clarification of the nature of psychological
sovereignty as a personality trait — to what extent it is set and limited by the psychophysiological
characteristics of the individual? The theoretical basis of research is the Theory
of psychological sovereignty by S. K. Nartova-Bochaver, the Special theory of individuality
by V. M. Rusalov, the Reinforcement sensitivity theory by J. Gray, and the Theory of selfregulation
by E. Higgins and A. Kruglyansky. The sample consisted of 260 respondents,
mainly students (55 male, Mage = 20.7). The following tools were used: “the Sovereignty of
psychological space — 2010” questionnaire (Nartova-Bochaver, 2014), the BIS/BAS scales
(Carver & White, 1994), the Locomotion and Assessment scales (Kruglyansky et al., 2000),
and the Promotion/Prevention Scale (Lockwood, Jordan, & Kunda, 2002). Significant negative
connections of sovereignty were found only with the characteristics suppressing behavioural
activity; links with the parameters of activation of behaviour were not. Pair regression
analysis showed that inhibition and prevention represented anti-predictors of sovereignty;
psychophysiological predictors of strengthening the sovereignty were not detected. The results
are discussed from the point of view of the Trait theory of personality by G. Allport and
Model of Traits as situational sensitivities (TASS) by M. Marshall and J. Braun. The conclusion
is made that psychological sovereignty, being a content characteristic of personality,
develops in vivo as a result of the person’s experience in resolving potentially depriving
situations. The results are discussed in the context of the prospects for the development of
sovereignty; the risk group for the development of sovereignty is identified. Nevertheless,
the weak regression models revealed ample pedagogical, educational and psychotherapeutic
opportunities for stimulating sovereignty.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование подготовлено при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, проект № 16-06-00239.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: the psychological sovereignty

value: temper

value: inhibition

value: activation

value: locomotion

value: assessment

value: promotion

value: prevention


dc.contributor.author

value: Klementyeva, Marina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Klementyeva M. V. Self and Other: Reflections within the biographical reflection. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2018, vol. 8, issue 4, pp. 358–369.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses with forms of biographical reflection of personality, namely a “life reflection
of Self ” as the reflections about own life and life events, and a “life reflection of Other”
as the reflections about cultural life scripts which became interiorized mental structures. We
argue that the development of biographical reflection in the ages 17–65 years it is to the successive
alternation of the forms of biographical reflection and related to change a content of
the autobiographical narratives. One sample consisted of 760 people (17–65 years) and the
second sample — 260 people (18–65 years). In the study the forms of biographical reflection
and the characteristics of autobiographical narrative (monologicality and dialogicality) were
measured. A monologicality is a characteristic of text about oneself and owns life course, and
a dialogicality is a characteristic of text about life together with a trusted person about his life
course. A study testing that level of a “life reflection of Self ” is higher than a “life reflection to
Other” in 17–25 years and 45–65 years, and level of a “life reflection of Other” is higher than
a “life reflection of Self ” in 25–45 years. We found that the association between the forms
of biographical reflection and content of autobiographical narratives, such that participants who reported higher levels of a “life reflection of Self ” exhibited monological autobiographical
narratives, and that participants who reported higher levels of a “life reflection of Other”
exhibited dialogical autobiographical narratives.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 8; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: biographical reflection

value: Self

value: Other

value: autobiographical narrative

value: adulthood

dc.title

value: Article


title: Preface

dc.description.abstract

value: Preface

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


title: Conceptual history of “capitalism”

dc.contributor.author

value: Sokolov, Evgeni G.

value: Naumova, Ekaterina I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sokolov E. G., Naumova E. I. Conceptual history of “capitalism”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 597–610.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article presents the philosophical reconstruction of the concept of “capitalism”. The key
thesis is that K. Marx was not the creator of the concept “capitalism”, he used the term “capitalist
mode of production”. This text introduces the consistent philosophical reflection on the
emergence and formation of the concept of “capitalism” from the very beginning of its first
references in the political literature in Germany and France until the introduction of the concept
into the academic discourse as a stable term. In contrast to an established perception that
Sombart was the first popularizer of the concept and introduced it into the academic use, the
article shows the significance of Shaeffle’s work as earlier and important contribution to the
development of the concept “capitalism”. It was in Shaeffle’s works that the term “capitalism”
received a neutral meaning through its convergences with the concept of “liberalism”, and lost
its negative political connotations, which laid the foundation for its academic history. In this
text, Sombart and Weber are represented not only as pioneers of the concept of “capitalism” in
academic discourse, but also as scholars who, by connecting “capitalism” with the concept of
“spirit”, made it possible for the former to be developed as ideology as a specific type of capitalist
rationality. On the basis of the detailed philosophical reconstruction of the formation of the
concept of “capitalism”, it has been shown how the dynamic, developing, unstable concept of
“capitalism” transformed into the ideological term and then became the foundation for shaping
rational/calculative New Time subject.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: philosophy of capitalism

value: capitalist rationality

value: liberalism

value: socialism

value: A. Shaeffle

value: K. Marx

dc.title

value: Conceptual history of “capitalism”


dc.contributor.author

value: Lvov, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lvov A. A. The burden of freedom: The doctrine of subject in Thomas Carlyle’s works. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 534– 542.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Although Thomas Carlyle’s contemporaries were Auguste Comte and John Stuart Mill, the
pillars of the classical positivism, he was anxious to found the ontological status of the subject.
Kant showed that the subject is an epistemological institution that plays its part as a way to
the domain of pure metaphysics; Hegel, a radical Kantian, subdued the whole course of logics,
nature and history to self-realization of the Absolute Spirit. In Carlyle’s work we find an
interesting method: he tends to reveal a historical person (“a hero”) as a subject of history
and interprets him as the one subdued to Providence, or Nature. On this basis he endows the
hero with the status of a means of Nature. Although this view represents a sound approach to
creating a qualitative or metaphysical foundation of the description of a human being rather
than the quantitative approach of sciences and the positivism, it inevitably brings about the
paradox of “the weak and the powerful”; in the paper it is discussed as the Carlyle’s paradox. It
is also significant that Carlyle derives his philosophical inspiration in the tradition of German
idealism. J. G. Fichte’s doctrine of the destination of Man is very indicative in this respect. As a
result, Carlyle’s doctrine of hero-worship is considered by him as a doctrine of freedom: to be
free means accepting the burden of Providence and realizing it as a certain life project.

dc.subject

value: Thomas Carlyle

value: conservatism

value: hero-worship

value: doctrine of freedom

value: laissez-faire liberalism

value: Carlyle’s paradox

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kvokačka, Adrián

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kvokačka A. Why beauty and why now? Historical perspectives of the contemporary discourse on beauty. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 515–522.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The term “beauty” has been a key category of aesthetic thinking for a long time. Relevancy of
beauty of art, represented in ancient times by Plato’s transcendental theory of beauty or more
factual inductive beauty of empirically oriented Aristotle and many others thinkers, placed
beauty as a priority category of the world, including the world of art. Modern approaches primarily
follow Kantian and Hegelian idealistic aesthetics of beauty, however, the state of today’s
art world, or in the broader context, the aesthetic world of the 20th century, doubt beauty and
even dethrone it from its pedestal. Does it make sense today to examine about beauty of art?
Has beauty as an attribute of art not ended its journey together with the idea of the end of art?
The paper aims to follow the connotations of beauty losing its place in art in the context of the
end of art (Hegel and Danto) or end of its history (Belting). Contemporary new thematization
of beauty after a century dominated by the ugly or the sublime in art (from Kant’s and
Lyotard’s point of view) is an important shift showing beauty not only as a remnant of history
but rather as a vital source that is worthily gaining renewed attention and new varieties with
the spread of interdisciplinary approaches.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper was supported by VEGA Grant Agency under the contract No. 1/0531/17 150 Years of
“The End of Art” in Reflections and Analysis of Philosophical, Aesthetic and Art Theories.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: aesthetics

value: end of art

value: beauty


dc.contributor.author

value: Kasavin, Ilya T.

value: Nikiforov, Alexander L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kasavin I. T., Nikiforov A. L. The positive philosophy by William Whewell: Between inductivism and apriorism. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 501–514.

dc.description.abstract

value:
One can notice a certain deficiency of conceptual resources in contemporary epistemology
and philosophy of science. The popularity of post-positivist philosophy is dropping; and the
postmodern studies have difficulty adapting to the analysis of scientific knowledge. In this
regard, an amplified interest in the forgotten figures of the 19 century arises. Among them,
the personality of William Whewell attracts special attention — the Cambridge philosopher,
scholar, scientist, theologian, priest, polymath, a major reformer of university education, and
father-figure of the British philosophy of science. In the article, the authors define his place in
the 19th century philosophy as well as in the context of current discussions. Historical reconstruction
of his concept of method of scientific cognition shows that it is hardly reducible to
ideas by D. Hume or I. Kant and simultaneously possesses the essentially original features in
comparison with the known concepts of his time by O. Comte and J. S. Mill. A comparison of
Whewell’s philosophy of science with the hypothetical-deductive method described by neopositivists
or with Karl Popper’s falsificationism though grasps some similarities, still risks
unwarranted modernization. His original method of synthesis of empiricism and rationalism
in the understanding of scientific knowledge in fact lays the groundwork for a historically
oriented philosophy of science long before the historical epistemology of the French school.
Accessing the analysis of ideas of William Whewell and introducing them in philosophical
turnover resurrects a unique cultural and intellectual context of formation of professional
science in the Victorian era, contributes to the restoration of historical justice, leads to the
revision of a number of historical and philosophical imprints, in particular, in assessing the
positivism and analytic philosophy, and also provides up-to-date discussions in philosophy of
science by the new empirical staff.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
№ 17-03-00812-ОГН “The rise of philosophy of science. William Whewell, the communication circle and
consequences for the 20th century”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: William Whewell

value: the Victorian philosophy of science

value: apriori

value: empiricism

value: induction

value: rationalism

value: ideas

value: history of science


dc.contributor.author

value: Chumakova, Tatiana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chumakova T. V. Researchers of popular religiosity: J. J. Lensu. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 636–650.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article describes works of Yakov Lensu — a researcher of religious beliefs and culture
of the Finno-Ugric peoples which lived on the territory of the Leningrad Region in 1920s to
1930s. He was one of the first Russian researchers, who described the syncretic religious beliefs
and customs of the Ingrians Finnish ethnic subdivisions (Yevremeyans and Savakotes), as
well as the Finno-Ugric peoples of Izhora and Vod. From the beginning of the 1920s Y. Lensu
was actively working at the summer expeditions of the Commission for the Study of the Tribal
Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia (KIPS). Later he was working at
the Institute for Studies of the Peoples of the USSR (IPIN), in which culture and the life of the
USSR peoples were studying. The religious life map of USSR was also compiling there. Yakov
Lensu was regularly participating the section of the study of religious beliefs of the peoples of
the USSR, led by Nikolai Matorin. The section was functioning in the Museum of the History
of Religion of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR for many years until N. Matorin was arrested.
Y. Lensu was also engaged in different linguistic research. He was studying Izhora and
Vod peoples’ dialects. In the appendix of this article the part of the manuscript of Y. Lensu’s
research work “About Finnish people beliefs at the Leningrad’s environ” is published. Lensu
described various mythological characters like a demons of natural loci and demons-assistants
in this text. Among the demons-assistants an important place was occupied by Para: threelegged
demonic creature, which helped housewives to increase milk quantity of cows. It was
important because milk production was traditional for the Finnish people of Ingri. Texts of
conspiracies from bleeding and from snake bites are also included in the manuscript.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Science Foundation № 16-18-10083
“The Study of Religion in Social and Cultural Context of the Epoch: the History of Religious Studies and
Intellectual History of Russia in 19th — first half of 20th century”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: history of Religion in Russia

value: popular religiosity

value: the history of the study of religion in Russia

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Tumanian, Tigran G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tumanian T. G. The Eastern question in Russian publicism: From philosophy to politics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, рр. 543– 555.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the so-called Eastern question in Russian philosophical
publicism covering the period of the second half of the 19th and the first two decades of the
20th century. This complicated question was especially relevant at this stage of Russian history.
The Eastern question traditionally involves such issues as military rivalry in the Balkans
and in the Caucasus, the struggle for freedom of navigation and trade in the Black Sea waters
including the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, and the ability to control Constantinople as well
as some other areas of the Middle East important for the interests of the Russian Empire. The
article considers key ideas and views on the past, present and future of the Eastern question
of such Russian thinkers as F. I. Tyutchev, N. Ya. Danilevsky, F. M. Dostoevsky, K. N. Leontiev,
S. Ya. Elpatyevsky, E. N. Trubetskoy, P. N. Milyukov and others. A highly important aspect of
the Eastern question, constantly reflected in the leading domestic academic and educational
journals, was the theme of Russia’s relations with the Slavic world. The “Slavic question” was
among the main themes of Russian journalism for many decades. The fate of Constantinople
has always had a special place in the study and interpretation of the Eastern question by Russian
intellectuals. Understanding of the unique symbolic significance of this Great city on
the banks of the Bosporus as the spiritual center of the Orthodox-Byzantine civilization was
widely reflected in the Russian philosophical journalism of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Having reached its highest point in the years of the First World War the discussion of the
Eastern question in Russian philosophical journalism has lost its relevance once the Soviet
rule was established.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation
№ 16-03-00623 “The domestic philosophical periodicals. 1917–1922”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: the Eastern question

value: Constantinople

value: philosophy

value: Russian publicism

value: Pan-Slavism

value: the Balkan states

value: the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits

value: Byzantine civilization

value: European powers

value: The First World War

value: The Russian Revolution


dc.contributor.author

value: Sunami, Artem N.

value: Kryukova, Kseniya V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sunami A. N., Kryukova K. V. Drug users as a party and aim to the conflict between state and illicit market. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 571–584.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper analyses the complex counteraction between modern state and illicit drug market.
Considering the different scientific views on the role of drug users in the drug trafficking
chain, the author points out that main problem of conflict interpretation of drug use is that
without a correct localization of the place and role of the drug user in the state vs. drug market
conflict, it is impossible to conduct scientifically substantiated examination of such conflicts.
In a practical sense, this significantly affects the formation of the legislative framework for
combating drug trafficking. The author assumes that drug users can be a subject of conflicts
between the state and the drug market, and the object of some of them. The problem of finding
a correct control regime for a drug user is posed as a measure, without which it is impossible
to effectively combat the drug. Analysis of international experience has shown that drug use
can be: 1) criminalized and thus included in drug trafficking; 2) is not included in the illicit
traffic of drugs, but is prohibited indirectly, through the criminalization of acts accompanying
consumption; 3) separated by the state from the illicit drug market and thereby legalized. The
results of a study of the historical evolution of the Russian anti-drug policy from the late imperial
period to the present time are presented. The author concludes that, despite the fact that
its core is consumer control, law enforcement practice is focused on combating large-scale
drug trafficking. It proposes supplementing the basic and normative documents regulating
relations in the sphere of illicit drug trafficking with the concept of a “drug user”, which will
make it possible to include drug use in the sphere of state control.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
16-03-00388-OGN “Ethical analysis of the conflicts of values”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 4

value: illicit drugs

value: drug use

value: drug trafficking

value: state

value: conflict

value: anti-drug policy

dc.type

value: Article


title: Media policies and aesthetics

dc.contributor.author

value: Savchuk, Valery V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savchuk V. V. Media policies and aesthetics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 585–596.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article suggests comparative analysis of the transformation of the aesthetic approach in
the era of the medial turn. How does the object of aesthetics change, what are its principles
and methods? How does media-analytics affect the traditional aesthetic analysis and its subject’s
theming? For this purpose, the author examines two extreme positions of the apology of
aesthetics and its radical criticism. The principal feature of the media analysis stands out, to
which a value-neutral judgment, formality and emotional indifference are inherent. Aesthetics,
however, retain the productivity of its evaluation resource. Media has its own interests and
its own approaches to pursue them. In this case the media relies on the aesthetics resource.
However, the role of aesthetics in obtaining the media power is explored insufficiently. The
analysis of relationship between media policies and aesthetic regime will allow to define the
media’s own specific policies aimed at self-determination and self-justification, as well as the
new horizons of aesthetics. Aesthetics has its own policy. An acute question is raised about
the sphere that is not given to aesthetics, on which it cannot draw a network of its categories,
which again indicates the irrevocability of out-of-aesthetic experience. And on the contrary,
what is brought under the category of aesthetic loses its modus of relevance, turning into a
normative regime of art or a legitimate page in the history of culture. The regularity is noticed,
the more slender is the history of aesthetics and the clearer are its foundations and criteria of self-reflection, the stronger is the will to block its true resource. In other words, the will to
history, constructed on the basis of the principles of its self-description remaining in the last
century, leads to the stagnation of aesthetics.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
№ 18-011-00414 A «Media policy».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: media

value: aesthetics

value: policies

value: judgment

value: performance

value: contemporary art

dc.title

value: Media policies and aesthetics


title: Karl Marx and problem of humanism

dc.contributor.author

value: Dudnik, Sergei I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dudnik S. I. Karl Marx and problem of humanism. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 462–473.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article there is considered relationship of Marx’s philosophy with a humanity problem
as it arises in post-war Western European philosophy. The Marxist tradition separates at this
time on scientism (L. Althusser, M. Godelier, etc.), proclaiming that the original Marxism represents
scientific anti-humanism, and the humanistic tradition (J. P. Sartre, E. Fromm, etc.)
seeking for the sake of maintaining classical humanism to unite Marxism with other ideological
currents, for example, with existentialism. It is shown that the French neohegelianism,
especially works of Alexander Kojeve who put forward and proved interpretation of philosophy
of Hegel from the point of view of existentialism, played a key role in formation of humanistic
tradition of Marxism. The antropologization of dialectic thinking within which the place
of Spirit of Hegelian philosophy is occupied by the person realizing the freedom in the history becomes the main line of this new interpretation. The Vietnamese Marxist philosopher Tran-
Duc-Thao convinced Alexander Kojeve that his anthropological interpretation of dialectics
actually coincides in the main features with philosophy of Marxism. After a while Alexander
Kojeve’s interpretation was adopted by many western Marxists setting the task of recovery of
“authentic0Ф Marxism. Treating Marx’s humanism as aspiration to emancipate the person
from the power of the capital, neomarxists considered this emancipation the major task not
only of philosophy, but also of revolutionary practice. Within a humanistic current in Marxism
this subject gained hypertrophied value as any question, both theoretical, and practical,
was considered from the point of view of as far as it is a consequence of the capitalist project
of exploitation.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Karl Marx

value: Marxism

value: humanism

value: humanistic Marxism

value: alienation

value: freedom

value: Karl Marx and problem of humanism


title: The ultimate foundation of religion

dc.contributor.author

value: Zabiyako, Andrey P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zabiyako A. P. The ultimate foundation of religion. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 624–635.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the main ideas of the concept, according to which religion in its genesis
and development is rooted in the basic, existential human intentions. Such intentions are a
synthesis of psychophysiological and socio-cultural motivations. Basic intentions are formed
during the long period of phylogenesis of mankind and are necessarily present in ontogenesis
of each individual. These intentions are the ultimate foundations of religion. Throughout the
history of religion, they act as a constant factor of paramount importance, the constants of the
existence of religion. In addition to ultimate foundations on the existence of religion affect
historically volatile, situational factors. They determine historical, ethno-cultural and confessional
variability of religion. In contrast to situational factors the ultimate foundations exist as
universals of human existence. As such, they substantiate not only a religion. Religion is one
of the spiritual formations that arise as a way of mastering the ultimate foundations of human
existence and exist as a way of regulating relations with them. Basic intentions are represented
in consciousness as the highest meanings and the most important life orientations. Higher
meanings and orientations receive the status of sacred objects and super-values in religious
mentality. Each religion constructs images of sacred objects and hierarchy of super-values
according to historical, ethno-cultural, socio-political conditions of its existence, but in its
ultimate foundations all religions are united. The ultimate foundations of religion determine
the fundamental unity of religion as a spiritual formation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: religion

value: the ultimate foundations

value: intention

value: super-valued

value: sacred image

dc.title

value: The ultimate foundation of religion

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Belaya, Irina V.

value: Zelnitskiy, Alexander D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belaya I. V., Zelnitskiy A. D. “The rectifying rites of the Heart of Heaven” (Tian xin zheng fa): It’s history, content and place in 10th–13th century’s Daoism. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 611–623.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is deals with the history and specific features of the school of the “Heart of Heaven”
(Tianxin pai 天心派) — religious Daoist tradition of the 10th century. The main reason for
its popularity was the specialization of the exorcist rituals. The teaching of “Tianxing pai” became
an integral part of the later Daoist movements. The goal of the study is to give a holistic
view of the “Tianxin pai”. With the content and contextual analysis to consider the history of
this teaching and to assess the role of Tan Zixiao in its creation; to distinguish its doctrine in
the religious and philosophical representations; consider the content of the therapeutic ritual
Tianxin zhengfa 天心正法 and structure its algorithm. As a result of the research it was established
that the personality of Tan Zixiao as the founder of the tradition is semi-legendary.
The popularity of this school was ensured by the belief that its rituals can protect the country.
Its followers believed in the healing power of the Sun, the Moon and the Big Dipper and the
opportunity to seek help in fighting demons to the Tianpeng, Heisha and Xuanwu through
special rituals. The algorithm of healing rituals of “Tianxin” fully corresponded to the paradigm
of Daoist “ritual bureaucracy”. In addition to the therapeutic component, the rituals of
the “Tianxin pai” had a similar traditional Daoist soteriological content, which enabled to
gain them popularity at the court and the Daoist schools of subsequent eras.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: China

value: Daoism

value: School of the Heart of Heaven

value: Rectifying Rites of the Heart of Heaven

value: Tianxin zhengfa


dc.contributor.author

value: Vlaskina, Anastasia S.

value: Kryukova, Tatyana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vlaskina A. S., Kryukova T. V. Conflict analysis of the situation around the Rogun hydroelectric power station using Analytic Network Process. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 556–570.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the conflict around the construction of the Rogun HEPS. On the one
hand, for Tajikistan, the hydropower plans can solve the actual problem of energy deficit, on
the other — for Uzbekistan and neighboring states — this is a threat of environmental and
social problems. The purpose of the study is a conflict analysis and justification for the implementation
of the project for the commissioning of the Rogun HEPS by Tajikistan to December
2018, as a result of which the significance of the probability of this event is determined.
A meaningful model of the situation includes object, subjects, their interests, the chronology
of the conflict. Also it was used the expert method of Analytic Network Process (ANP)
Thomas L. Saaty with the help of proprietary software Super Decisions. In order to describe
advantages and disadvantages of the decision, experts created hierarchies of Benefits, Opportunities,
Costs and Risks with the same alternatives. As a result, the probability of the project
implementation at the planned time was very high. So, the construction of the hydroelectric
power station is positive for the economy, policy and social sphere, and it is associated with the
least risks. However, changing the regional and international conditions can change the ratio
not in favor of construction, which requires additional research. The analytical tools presented
in the article can be an effective tool in the expert forecasts.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: сonflict

value: structural and dynamic indicators of conflict

value: Rogun HEPS

value: energy deficit

value: hierarchy

value: ANP


dc.contributor.author

value: Krotov, Artem A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krotov A. A. Martial Gueroult and Henri Bergson: The collapse of intuitive model? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 523–533.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article aims to analyze prospects of intuitive model in relation to the history of philosophy.
One of the main objectives of the article is the characteristic of critical arguments at
Bergson’s model by one of the most influential French historians of philosophy of the 20th
century, assessment of their importance. In the article the hermeneutical method is used.
In the work the conclusion is made that the intuitive model and the cinema scheme in the
context of an explanation of history of systems coexist in Bergson’s creativity, intertwine
with each other is drawn, without forcing out one by another at all. As it seems, presence at
Bergson’s creativity of two tendencies in interpretation of history of philosophy testifies to
incompleteness, insufficiency of intuitive model. Substantially Gueroult’s critical remarks
achieve the objectives. The aspiration to attach to an intuition the universal significance in
the history of philosophy didn’t pay off, didn’t allow to receive a past picture in which all
details would have convincing and exhaustive explanation. At the same time it would be
wrong to concider the intuitive model as absolutely fruitless, because it generalizes certain
experience of philosophical activity. But also the Gueroult’s concept, in turn, had the vulnerable
points. The logical structure of system can’t be ignored by the historian of philosophy
who is obliged to study it thoroughly, but basic value have theoretical prerequisites,
implicit cultural influences and a role of personal experience of the outstanding thinker.
The Gueroult’s concept, as well as Bergson’s, mentions the important facts for history of the
ideas. The architectonics of systems is so essential to the history of philosophy, as well as
ability to find this or that intuitive installation which is implicitly present at consciousness
of the author behind logical structure. In modern conditions for the historian of philosophy
both elements which are found in the systems of the past are rather important and can’t be
ignored by him.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: intuitionism

value: French philosophy

value: contemporary philosophy

value: Gueroult

value: Bergson

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gasparyan, Diana E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gasparyan D. E. Language as Eigenform: Semiotics in the search of a meaning. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 474–492.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of how signs acquire their meaning is characteristic of both the philosophy of
language of the analytic tradition (Quine, Frege, Peirce, Wittgeinstein) and the continental
one (Saussure, Hjelmslev, Jacobson, Bloomfield). At present, most scholars are inclined either
to point out the priority of objects over the system of signs, or the system over the objects.
However, neither version suggests a satisfactory solution.. On the one hand, we believe that
the language and the world are external to each other and are independent from each other;
but on the other hand, we cannot construct a model of language independent from the world
(what does language denote, in that case?) and the world independent from the language
(how is a world possible if it is not referenced?). This situation poses a problem. The Eigenform
model can help shed light on it and suggests coherent solution; this model the possibility
of overcoming the ‘dilemma of preceding’ (whether the language precedes the world or
the world precedes the language). Similarly to the dilemma of observation (observer) and
the world (whether observation (observer) precedes the world or vice versa), the Eigenform
model shows that neither the signifier nor the signified precede the other, but rather intercondition
each other. Thus, language creates the world of objects but is shaped by the world in
turn. Unlike a similar language model developed by L. Wittgenstein, Eigenform model stipulates
the principle of the world-language generation in a complex system of involved and/or
mutual interpretations. The interpreter generates a meaning in the world, and in this process
the interpreter himself is being formed as an interpretation (in particular, self-interpretation).

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research
№ 18-011-00124 “Features of Phenomenology (phenomenological approach) in contemporary analytical
philosophy of mind” (2018–2020).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Eigenform

value: language

value: meaning

value: semiotics

value: semiosis

value: reference

value: self-reference

value: recursiveness

value: sign


dc.contributor.author

value: Evlampiev, Igor I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Evlampiev I. I. Dependence on Western influence or absolute originality? Dispute on the integral image of Russian philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2018, vol. 34, issue 4, pp. 492–500.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the criticism of I. I. Evlampiev’s works on the history of Russian philosophy
contained in A. F. Zamaleev’s article “‘Mystics’ and ‘God’s fools’ in Russian philosophy
(polemical notes)”. It is shown that the author of the article incorrectly opposes the Russian
philosophy of Western philosophy. Denying the influence of the German mystical tradition
on Russian philosophy A. F. Zamaleev mistakenly attributes to German philosophers a strict
monism and as an important advantage of Russian philosophy recognizes the strict dualism
of metaphysical conceptions. In fact, all philosophers of the 19th — early 20th century considered
it necessary to combine monism with dualism; S. L. Frank even came up with a special
term for such a combination of “antinomistic monodualism”. It demonstrates the essential
dependence of Russian philosophy on 19th century German philosophy, especially with regard
to ideas about man. The model of understanding the history of European philosophy is
grounded according to which two trends — empiricism and mysticism — resisted in history,
and mysticism is a much more correct and deep tradition, suggesting that in the world and
man there is an infinite depth inaccessible to rational knowledge. This tradition was most
fully revealed in German idealism of the beginning of the 19th century and the nonclassical
philosophy of the end of the century (A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, A. Bergson), Russian
philosophy of the late 19th — early 20th century also tended to this tradition. It is proved that
the term “religious renaissance”, which is often used to characterize Russian philosophy of the
early twentieth century, is counterproductive, leads away from a correct understanding of the
main thing in Russian thought.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research has been performed within the grant of Russian Science Foundation № 17-18-01168
“Historical modifications of the biblical socio-political doctrine and religious fundamentals of the political
and legal thinking in Russian Empire”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 34; Issue 4

value: interrelation of Russian and Western philosophy

value: German and Russian mystical tradition

value: monism and dualism in metaphysics


dc.contributor.author

value: Mironov, Boris N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mironov B. N. Intellectual Abilities of Russian Peasants of the Pre-industrial Era. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1047–1081.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The overwhelming majority of Russian peasants in late imperial Russia did not undergo systematic
schooling. For this reason, they have not yet fully mastered the cognitive abilities of
the educated person and possessed a specific, so-called sympathetic thinking. It is a practical
analysis and synthesis, a generalization without detaching from the concrete and within
the information directly accessible to it. Abstract thinking is poorly developed, an individual
can operate with information derived almost exclusively from his life experience and within
the framework of this experience. However, indifference to formal operations and to logical
abstract reasoning is not an inability to think: the same peasants to whom abstract thought
was given with difficulty, in those cases when an object represented to them a vital interest,
showed themselves to be judicious, skillful, and refined. Cognitive abilities correspond
to the metacognitive skills of a person — the current self-control and self-control, the ability
to reflect on the thinking processes of one’s own and other people, to engage in self-analysis
and self-criticism, to analyze their actions in the past, to connect them with the reality of the
present and mentally transfer to their own future, to reason at a high moral level. In view of
this, the self-concept of peasants and educated people differed significantly. In their majority,
farmers were collectivists in essence, tried to refrain from going against the group interests, to
set personal goals and desires above the public, to show independence and independence in
their actions and actions and to build their behavior based on their own convictions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This article was prepared with the support of grant No. 15-18-00119 of the Russian Science Foundation.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

value: peasantry of preindustrial epoch

value: cognitive abilities

value: cognitive processes

value: sympraktic thinking

value: self-concept of peasants

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivonina, Liudmila I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivonina L. I. Jan Sobieski — the Legend and the Reality. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1177–1202.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article attempts to create a holistic image of the famous Polish King Jan Sobieski. The
author emphasizes that legends accompanied Jan Sobieski throughout his life and after his
death: even if the events did not take place, they reflected the exclusivity of his personality. The
analysis of state and military activities of Jan Sobieski organically intertwines in the context of
his epoch, there are revealed the reasons for his mythologization and his role in history. At the
same time, during the reign of Jan III the cultural sphere always occupied the same place as
politics, because it was an important part of the representation of power. Competition among
the European states within the Westphalian system in early Modern time left for the Rzeczpospolita
little chance to become a great power. Nevertheless, due to the circumstances, having
the necessary talents for successful political, military and cultural activities, Jan III became a
key figure of time and place, in order to play an outstanding role in the European events of
the second half of the Seventeenth century. He was a man who was sensitive to his time and,
focusing on samples of Western European statehood, tried to do everything for his country
and, of course, for the creation of his dynasty, everything that was in his power. The cult of
Sobieski resulted not only from his immortal deeds, but developed and exists today mainly
thanks to the fact that the ruler was a type of hero both monumental and familiar, with whom
the masses of nobility could identify, as well as future generations of his countrymen.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: mythologization

value: cult

value: state

value: war

value: commander

value: Rzeczpospolita

value: the Christian world


dc.contributor.author

value: Ershova, Galina G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ershova G. G. Spiritual Feat in the History of Buddhism of Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1156–1176.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes a unique socio-historical and religious phenomenon related to the deliberate
preservation of his body by the Buddhist monk Dashi-Dorzho Itigelov in 1927 in
Buryatia. An unusual phenomenon was perceived by Buddhists of Buryatia as a “miracle”,
which was the “message” of the former head of the Buddhist community. Particular emphasis
is placed on the identification of the psychophysiological basis of the phenomenon, which,
in particular, proves its authenticity. The results of two forensic medical examinations are
compared — made immediately after exhumation and repeated, two years later. The author
considers the data of the instrumental analysis carried out within the framework of the examination,
allowing to reconstruct the physiological mechanism of body preservation. The article
contains the body state assessment. The cultural-historical context within which the intention
of Itigelov was formed and completed is being analyzed. Data are collected on similar cases
of body preservation in world historical practice — intentional and spontaneous. Attention
is also paid to the attitude of believers to the remains of saints and, especially, imperishable
remains, which is reflected in various historical documents. Particular attention is paid to the
reaction of the population of Buryatia to the appearance of the preserved body of Itigelov and
the formation of mythologems that accompany the presence of a unique phenomenon in the
Ivolginsky Datsan. The author comes to the conclusion that in Buddhism, despite the attempts
at preservation of bodies by monks in different periods of history, such practices have not
become routine. This is due both to the difficulty of their physical implementation, and to the
lack of canonical justifications within the framework of religious doctrine.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: Dashi-Dorzho Itigelov

value: Buryatia

value: Tantric Buddhism in Russia

value: body preservation

value: phenomenon of miracle

value: religious consciousness


dc.contributor.author

value: Dementyev, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dementyev A. A. The Fall of the Autocracy and the Russian Emigrés in Argentina. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1203–1220.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article tells us about the formational process of the Russian colony in Argentina since
1870s until 1917. Special attention is paid to the interaction of different groups of Russian immigrants and a variety of official institutional representatives when the news of the fall of
the monarchy was received. The Russian revolution represented a strong uniting force in previously
disparate circles of Russian emigrants, who had little in common except their historical
homeland. There were many groups of immigrants — colonists, revolutionaries, workers,
writers, diplomats — with very little in common but suddenly, when the Russian revolution
occurred, the majority of these people quickly reacted to express positive opinions concerning
these political changes. Seemingly from one day to the next there was a complete reversal of
sentiments as groups who previously differed greatly on the political spectrum — began to
identify themselves as Russian and to dream about a common future. These suddenly united
groups openly expressed their excitement, at times verging on euphoria, upon hearing news of
revolution. This moment of ephemeral union between Russian emigrants allowed for a newly
identified Russian community to emerge. These dialogues surrounding the Russian revolution
provides an important opportunity to examine, in totality, the emigrant identity as Russians,
whereas this would have been incomprehensible previous to this historic event. This article
provides a framework through which to consider the phenomenon of the Russian community
in Argentina in all its breadth and in the historical perspective from the moment it emerged.
This specific moment, 1917, demonstrated the possibility of disparate groups of people to
mesh, even if just for a few weeks, to become part of a single Russian community.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Russian emigration

value: Argentina

value: February Revolution

value: Jewish Colonization Association

value: Socialist Party of Argentina

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Klimov, Oleg Yu.

value: Kulishova, Oksana V.

value: Panteleev, Alexey D.

value: Kholod, Maxim M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Klimov O. Yu., Kulishova O. V., Panteleev A. D., Kholod M. M. Eduard Frolov, the Outstanding St. Petersburg Ancient Historian. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1256–1276.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article reveals the most important results of the scientific work of the outstanding researcher
of Ancient history and culture, Doctor of historical sciences, Professor Eduard Davidovich
Frolov (1933–2018) as one of the most prominent representatives of the St. Petersburg
school of Classics. The scientific work of Ed. D. Frolov is shown as a very important
stage in the development of the St. Petersburg school of Classics. The scholarly writings by
Ed. D. Frolov, dealing with the political history of Ancient Greece, social thought, Ancient
culture, Russian historiography of Antiquity, are fully and thoroughly described in this article.
The scientific works of Ed. D. Frolov covers the number of the important problems, such as the
political history of Ancient Greece, social thought, Ancient culture, Russian historiography of
Antiquity. Ed. D. Frolov has investigated the formation of the polis in Archaic Greece in the
8th — 6th centuries BC, the problem of the crisis of a political organization in the 4th century
BC, the place and role of tyranny in Ancient Greek history and others. All his scholarly works
have always been carried out with exhaustive completeness, on the basis of brilliant knowledge
of the entire mass of sources. The scientific activities of Ed. D. Frolov have resulted in
more than 350 publications. Among them are 15 monographs, many chapters in collective
monographs, translations from Ancient Greek and German, many articles and reviews. Finally,
Ed. D. Frolov has created his own scientific school, having brought up a large number of
pupils — Candidates and Doctors of science.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: history of Ancient Greece and Rome

value: Eduard D. Frolov

value: Russian historiography of Classical Studies

value: St. Petersburg school of Classical Studies


dc.contributor.author

value: Bezarov, Alexander T.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bezarov A. T. To the Question of the Place and Role of the Bund in the Processes of the First Russian Revolution. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1082–1099.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The General Union of Jewish Workers in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (General Jewish Labor
Bund) played an extremely important role in the history of the First Russian Revolution in the
processes of politicizing the small-town mass of “the Jewish Pale” of the Russian Empire. In
1905, the Bund managed to organize and bring to the streets of Russian cities in the European
part of Russia almost one million army of the Jewish poor, which according to the ideology of
the Bund, was to play the role of a social enzyme in the processes of national self-liberation of
the Russian Jews. Since the demand for national cultural autonomy for Jews was determined
by the depth of democratic transformations in the Russian Empire, the revolutionary nature
of the Bund’s national policy met the criteria of the policy of the Russian Social-Democracy
(RSDLP) aimed at strengthening the revolutionary processes in the country. The policy of
“inflating” the Russian revolution on the “Jewish street” allowed the Bund to take a special
place in the ranks of the RSDLP, whose leaders could no longer ignore the demands of this
major political organization of the Jewish proletariat. The Revolution of 1905–1907 proved to
be years of serious tests on the strength of the Party structures and organizations of the Bund.
For the first time in the history of Russian Jewry, thanks to the Bund’s fighting detachments, it
was possible to avoid many cruel Jewish pogroms.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Bund

value: First Russian Revolution

value: Jews

value: pogroms

value: Jewish Pale

value: Social Democracy


dc.contributor.author

value: Posokhov, Sergiy

dc.identifier.citation

value: Posokhov S. I. The Universities of the Russian Empire in the Soviet Historiography. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 4, рp. 1238–1255.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article describes the process of changing the views on the universities of the Russian Empire
in the Soviet historiography. In this period there was a significant rethinking of the role
of universities. At the same time, the Soviet historiography of the universities of the Russian
Empire is not an integral phenomenon. It clearly fixes “turns”, that became the object of the
research. If initially the universities were interpreted as an instrument of the policy of the
tsarist government, as backward institutions that were in crisis, they later acted as victims of
the regime and dynamic ideological centers. Such changes in assessments occurred through
the use of new metaphors, the construction of appropriate storylines and the actualization of
certain topics. The markers with which the shifts were fixed in the thematic field of the images
allow us to identify the “stress points” and thus designate the main element of the historiographic
design. Evolution took place not through discussions and repulsion from the previous
image, but through the transfer of accents. A key word that reflected a new understanding of
the historical role of Russian universities in the Soviet historiography in the second half of the
20th century, became the word “in spite of ”. Thanks to this, the assessments of both the university
forms themselves and the results of the activities of Russian pre-revolutionary universities
have radically changed. The Soviet historiographic heritage of the second half of the 20th century
continues to be widely used by modern historians of Russian universities.

value: Soviet historiography

value: universities of the Russian Empire

value: historiographical images

value: historiographical heritage

dc.type

value: Article