dc.contributor.author

value: Guseinova, Zivar M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Guseinova, Zivar. “Pan Voyevoda by N. A. Rimskii-Korsakov. To the Creative History of Opera”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 4–19. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the N. A. Rimskii-Korsakov’s legacy there are operas that seem to be in the shadow of his
great creations; among them is the opera Pan Voyevoda (1903) to a libretto by I. F. Tyumenev
(without using any historical or literary source). The opera was the result of the composer’s
long-cherished plan to create an opera on a Polish plot, so that in it “there would be no place
for politics or national enmity”. Romantic events that took place in the 16th–17th centuries
are presented in many respects in the traditional musical solution, which does not exclude
the presence of bright dramatic situations, dramatic alignment, magnificent melodies, famous
national dances. The surviving documents: letters, memoirs of both authors, as well as autographs
of the libretto, clavier (partially) and scores from the archives of St Petersburg allow
us to recreate the process of working on the work. The main time of work on the musical text
was in the summer of 1902, when the composer left for Heidelberg to live with his son. The
execution of several other creative works in parallel, including the re-interpretation of the
Stone Guest by A. S. Dargomyzhsky, did not interfere with the active process of working on Pan
Voyevoda. The first three acts of the four (the last act is very short) were written in less than
three months, and during the winter and spring of 1903 N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov performed
the orchestration. Musical autographs show how the work was carried out: the text of the libretto
was clarified, sometimes expanded or shortened, the composition of the characters was
determined, intonation and harmonic variants were introduced, the orchestration changed,
and so on. The composer strenuously searched for optimal means of expression, creating a
national color and a special “timeless aura” of Polish antiquity. It is no coincidence that the
composer marked on the title page a dedication to the Memory of Frédéric Chopin.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: N. A. Rimskii-Korsakov

value: I. F. Tyumenev

value: opera

value: Pan Voyevoda

value: libretto

value: letters

value: memoirs

value: autograph

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Borshch, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Borshch, Elena. “Interior as a Scene in the Depictions of French Illustrators of Racine’s Works in the 18th Century: A Comparative Aspect”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 128–146. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
French literary illustration of the 18th century is studied from the point of view of depicting
an interior as a locale. The problem of the influence of literary and visual sources on the
formation of the image of an interior is studied through several series of illustrations for Racine’s Works in 18th century editions. The main sources of comparative research are the illustrations
for J. Racine’s Berenice, engraved from drawings by French artists L. Cheron (1723),
L.-F. Dubourg (1743), J. de Sève (1760), H.-F. Gravelot (1768), J.-J.-F. Lebarbier (1796). Reading
Racine’s Berenice in French and Russian, reading critical works about “Racine’s space”
helps to understand the image of locale in the playwright’s version. The events of Racine’s Berenice
take place in the confined space of an ancient Roman palace. The author modernizes the
locale, using the concepts of the French noble interior of his time — “cabinet”, “apartments”.
The description of the scene has a minimum of detail, is contradictory and insufficient for
literal depictions. The artists, following the example of the playwright, interpreted the scene in
the spirit of modernity, but changed and supplemented the main and secondary details. As a
rule, they depicted the reception area of the ceremonial apartments and accurately conveyed
the styles of interior decoration (Grand style, Transition style, Neoclassicism, Directory style).
The artists explained the episode and the play as a whole by means of compositional tools that
had a wide semantic range. Comparison the illustrations among themselves and comparison
the book engravings with architectural engravings shows the continuity of the artistic tradition
and adherence to the academic rules of working with depiction. The artists repeated
the compositions of similar illustrations and quoted the interior design projects of the 17th–
18th centuries. The image of a locale in the illustration was directly dependent on visual sources,
and not on the text. The method of depicting an interior in the illustrations was based on
selective and arbitrary reflection of the text, actualizing the appearance of a locale, using the
semantics of details and partial copying of samples.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: French illustrators

value: book illustration

value: book engravings

value: interior depiction

value: illustrations for J. Racine’s Berenice

value: 18th century

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Abramkin, Ivan A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abramkin, Ivan. “Comparing Literary Criticism and Art History: The Problem of Sentimentalism in Russian Historiography”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 188–206. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.109

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the historiography of sentimentalism in the Russian scientific tradition.
The purpose of the research is to compare the methods used in literary and art studies
to overview this phenomenon. The uncertainty of ideas about sentimentalism in the visual
arts requires an appeal to literary studies. A careful analysis of works on sentimentalism in
this field revealed the special role of the works of M. M. Bakhtin and G. N. Pospelov, who created
original concepts of this phenomenon, and has made it possible to state a wide range of
methods. Consideration of the sentimentalism problem in the history of art has demonstrated
not only the generality of ideas and a small number of methods in comparison with literary
criticism, but also the main principles inherent in the scientific tradition. Firstly, the idea of
sentimentalism is based on abstract theses. Secondly, the main approach is to compare sentimentalism
with classicism and Romanticism, which prevents determining its place in the art
of the 1790s. Thirdly, the pictorial system of sentimentalism is considered in the most general
form and turns out to be devoid of a thorough art historical description. A critical analysis of
historiography allowed to identify promising areas of modern research of sentimentalism in
art criticism: a careful analysis of the artistic features of works, the study of the metamorphoses
of the portrait genre as well as a comparison of the Russian portrait with European art of
the 18th — early 19th centuries.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: historiography

value: sentimentalism

value: literary studies

value: art criticism

value: Russian art

value: portrait painting

value: problem of style

value: classicism

value: pre-romanticism

value: romanticism


dc.contributor.author

value: Rykov, Anatoly V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rykov, Anatoly. “The Pragmatics of Romanticism. Edmund Burke as Art Theorist”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 207–217. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.110

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the pragmatic aspects of Edmund Burke’s theory of art. The author
identifies pragmatic components in the works of the British philosopher of various genres.
The emphasis is on the interdisciplinary nature of Burke’s theory of art, which included artistic,
psychological and political dimensions. The pragmatic dimension of Burke’s thought
opens up a new field of research in the field of romantic aesthetics and art theory. The pragmatic
romanticism of the British thinker complements our ideas about classical and modern
art. His ideas shed new light on the development of Western European art from Baroque and
classicism to avant-garde and postmodernism. At the same time, the problems of aesthetics,
as well as the problems of power, are considered by Burke in a “psychoanalytic” and semiotic
way, that is, without evaluation, and romantic special effects are subjected to objective analysis
both in literature and art, and in politics. The pragmatic dimension allows us to redefine the
role of Burke as the true founder of scientific art studies, who anticipated the most modern
methods of analyzing artistic processes. The physiological, natural-scientific connotations of
Burke’s work are also studied in the context of pragmatic strategies, as opposed to idealistic
interpretations of the romantic theory of art.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 1

value: Edmund Burke

value: pragmatism

value: modernism

value: theory of art

value: aesthetics

value: category of the sublime

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Glinternik, Eleonora M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Glinternik, Eleonora. “Russian Design Graphics in Art Studies of the 19th–21st Centuries”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 166–187. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the historiographic problem of domestic design graphics in the history
of Russian art. The analysing sources are structured in accordance with the main stages
of the development of graphic design in Russia. This approach allows to visually trace the
evolution of art history in the context of the corresponding cultural and historical era. In
chronological order, the article examines the following periods: 18th — early 20th century, an era that can be called the protodesign period; 1920s–1930s, a period of active development
of a new professional model, interrupted for the next twenty years; 1960s–1990s, a period of
professional self-determination; the first decades of the 21st century, when the digital age begins
and new horizons of research open up. The characteristics of each period are given from
the point of view of the development of graphic design as a phenomenon of artistic creativity.
The paper’s novelty is determined by the topic itself: the specifics of design in general and
graphic design in particular have not yet been studied. It takes into account, basically, the
range of problems studied in the Russian conventional history of art. The main tasks of the
work: to show the path of development of art criticism in the work of Russian researchers; to
systematize the volume and problems of the latest studies of art history over the past decades;
to contribute to the formation of a more complete picture of the authors and the amount of
accumulated research material. The article shows the path of development of art criticism in
the work of Russian researchers — from artistic-critical to historical-theoretical comprehension
throughout the 19th and 21st centuries. The foundations of fundamental research of the
late 20th — early 21st century are revealed are systematized for the first time.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared as part of the implementation of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
grant Expansion_2020 scientific project no. 20-112-50364 (RFBR grant, “Expansion” competition, 2020).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: history of graphic design

value: theory of graphic design

value: historiography of design graphics

value: Russian graphic design

value: visual communication

value: Russian design graphics


dc.contributor.author

value: Maltseva, Anastasiya A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maltseva, Anastasiya. “Sources of Figurenlehren of the Baroque Era in Musicology of the German Language Space”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 40–61. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
It is hardly possible to immediately give an exact answer to the question: what is the exact
number of authors of musical-theoretical treatises containing catalogs of musical-rhetorical
figures. But very often the “recognized” number (with a fairly stable set of theoretical sources)
is considered to be fifteen authors. How did scholars of the German language space gradually
discover catalogs of musical figures in treatises and include them in scientific circulation? Is
it possible to consider the “recognized” list of works of fifteen Baroque authors exhaustive?
Why is he firmly entrenched in musicology? Which of the musicologists wanted to expand
the range of treatises and on what grounds? This article is devoted to finding answers to these
questions. As a result of the analysis of dictionary and scientific articles, books and dissertations
by such authors as C. J. A. Hoffmann (1830), C. Kossmaly (1846), H. Gehrmann (1891),
А. Schering (1908), K. Ziebler (1933), H. Brandes (1935), H. H. Unger (1941), A. Schmitz
(1955), H. H. Eggebrecht (1957), D. Bartel (1985, 1997), W. Braun (1994), H. Krones (1997),
J. Klassen (2001) and others, the following conclusion was made: the researchers did not have
a common opinion in the selection of sources and their belonging to the discourse about
Figurenlehren.
The heterogeneity of figure catalogs, the presence of Manieren, diminution and
late Renaissance rules of counterpoint in them are the main reasons for the potential openness
of the list of treatises involved in the doctrine of figures. To explain the reasons for the
formation of the “recognized” list of authors (largely due to the English edition of D. Bartel’s
book) and a certain inertia of musicology in different countries in the issue of Figurenlehren
sources in the current century, the article uses the research of scientists — representatives of
American, Bulgarian, English, Israeli, Italian, Mexican, Polish, Russian musicology.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The paper was prepared as a part of a scientific project “Untersuchung der Notenbeispiele musikalisch-
rhetorischer Figuren in ausgewählten Musiktraktaten des Barock” within the financial support by
Gerda Henkel Stiftung.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: musical rhetoric

value: musical-rhetorical figures

value: doctrine of musical figures

value: Figurenlehre

value: Baroque era

value: treatise

value: musical-theoretical source

value: musica poetica

value: musical historiography

value: German musicology


dc.contributor.author

value: Kazhar, Nina V.

value: Zadworny, Mariusz

value: Sołkiewicz-Kos, Nina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kazhar, Nina, Mariusz Zadworny, and Nina Solkievicz-Kos. “From the History of the Formation of the European Doctrine of Protection and Restoration of Monuments at the End of the 18th — 19th Century (for Example, Marienburg Castle)”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 1 (2023): 147–165. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines new facts about the beginning of the formation of the European (primarily
German) doctrine of the protection of monuments, which also laid the foundations of the modern Polish theory and practice of preserving the architectural heritage and scientific restoration.
The role of the aesthetics of romanticism in the formation of historicism and awareness of the
importance of cultural heritage is shown. The history of the development of the theoretical, systemic
and legal basis for the protection of monuments, based on a new assessment of their role
in the formation of the culture of the nation, is presented. The role of the memorandum “Preservation
of all monuments and antiquities of our country” (1815) by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in
the preservation of German architectural monuments was noted. The authorship of the drawings
of Marienburg in 1794 is proved. Evidence is given that he was Friedrich Gilly (1748–1808), i. e.
Gilly-a son. It is noted, that the exhibition of these drawings at the Berlin Academy of Arts (1795)
played an important role in re-evaluating the culture of the Middle Ages during the period of
the “conflict” of the ideas of the Enlightenment and Romanticism at the turn of the 18th–19th
centuries (“about 1800”). On the example of the history of the “restoration” of the Marienburg
castle (today Malbork) the change in the methods of restoration of the 19th century is shown, the
contribution of famous cultural figures and leading architects to the organization and conduct of
restoration work is noted.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: history of architecture

value: romanticism

value: historicism

value: protection of monuments

value: Marienburg

value: Teutonic order

value: methods of restoration

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bocharov, Viktor V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bocharov V. V. Traditionalism in the Oriental Dimension. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 4–21. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the concept of “traditionalism”, identified by St. Petersburg scientists as a
subject of oriental studies. The need to clarify the status of the discipline arose in connection with
its reorientation in the early 2000s to the study of the modern East. If earlier sources for orientalists were written monuments on history, philosophy, law, etc., exported by pioneers and stored
in the funds of Europe (London, Paris, Berlin, etc.), as well as St. Petersburg, now the object of
research is the living cultures of the East. Ethnography and socio-cultural anthropology (ethnology)
are also involved in their study. These are related disciplines, however, if the former is more
related to, description of the peoples exploring the specific manifestations of ethno-cultural phenomena:
customs, rituals, beliefs, symbols, etc., then anthropology with comparative ethnology,
the formulation of theoretical and methodological approaches for their study. “Tradition”, from
the point of view of the author, since Antiquity has been closely correlated with politics and the
aspirations of the elites. In the era of the Enlightenment, this concept acquired an ambivalent
content: progressives treated it negatively, considering it an obstacle to the historical development
of society, their opponents, on the contrary, believed that it was tradition that ensures the
uniqueness of society in the process of its evolution. A similar attitude to tradition is retained in
scientific discourse today, it is devoid of scientific content, but is an axiological category. The attitude
to tradition is almost the main “bone of contention” in the modern confrontation between
East and West. The author proposes an understanding of traditionalism that excludes the absolutization
of both universalism (progressivism) and uniqueness in the understanding of tradition,
which, from his point of view, corresponds to the principle of scientific character.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by КН РА (20RF-189) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
within the international scientific project.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: oriental studies

value: sociocultural anthropology

value: ethnography

value: tradition

value: traditionalism

value: methodology

value: the East


dc.contributor.author

value: Yastrebova, Olga M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yastrebova O. M. Persian and Russian Names of Textiles Imported to Russia from Iran in the First Half of the 17th Century, as Listed in the Inventories of Goods and Diplomatic Gifts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 22–42. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The question of the origin and ways of borrowing into the Russian language of the names
of oriental fabrics, which were imported in large quantities into Russia in the 17th century,
has been attracting attention of scholars for a long time, but synchronous bilingual Persian-
Russian sources were hardly involved in the study of this issue. The article examines a number
of such sources stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts: these are lists of goods
and gifts brought from Safavid Iran by trade and diplomatic representatives of Shah Safi I
(1629–1642), accompanied by a Russian translation and stored in f. 77 “Relations between
Russia and Persia”. The study of these materials makes it possible to determine the range of
fabrics imported on behalf of the Shah, to clarify the meaning and scope of use of a number
of Russian and Persian terms, as well as the time of penetration of some borrowed Iranisms
into the Russian language. The terms borrowed from Persian and other foreign languages were
previously correlated by researchers with specific samples of textiles stored in museum collections.
Thanks to this, having established synchronous lexical correspondences, it is possible to
more accurately determine what kind of fabrics with what technological features were designated
by Persian terms, the definitions of which in the explanatory dictionaries of the Persian
language are often contradictory.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was funded by the RSF project no. 8-78-10052p “Documentary History of the Russian
Diplomacy of the Safavids (1501–1722)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Russian language

value: Persian language

value: historical lexicology

value: etymology

value: language contacts

value: names of fabrics

value: archival sources


dc.contributor.author

value: Isachenkova, Marina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Isachenkova M. A. Ancient Chinese Ideas about the World of Dead Huangquan (According to Pre-Han and Han Texts). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 43–57. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
It is generally accepted that developed ideas about the World of Dead appear among the
Chinese with the spread of Buddhism. Nevertheless, based on the data of material and spiritual
culture, it can be assumed that already in the Paleolithic and, especially, in the Neolithic
on the territory of Ancient China, there were a number of more or less developed models
of the afterlife. One of its oldest names, recorded by written Chinese monuments, is 黄
泉 Huangquan, the literal meaning of which is ‘Yellow Wellspring’. The character 泉 quan
means the water flowing in a mountain cave or grotto, coming out at the base of the mountain.
Its meaning is consistent with the religious ideas of different peoples: the archetype of
the mountain is known as the place of birth and departure of ancestors, a tunnel connecting
the worlds of the living and the dead; water as a boundary separating these worlds is also a
universal motif of the World Culture. The semantics of the yellow color of the Chinese Hades
can also be reconstructed by analyzing the sign 黃 huang. The pictogram depicts a man
with a large swollen belly. Additional information from written monuments suggests that
the yellow color was originally associated with illness and death, and by coincidence with
the color of the earth, where the dead “went”, it began to determine the “border” wellspring.
After the death of a person, the soul 魄 po in the form of 鬼 gui goes to the underworld of
the ancestors — the place from which it appeared at the time of birth. According to the
author, this knowledge is connected with the tradition of the center (Yellow River basin).
An analysis of the texts of the pre-Han and Han periods makes it possible to conclude that
Huangquan was understood as: 1) a designation of the end of a person’s life; 2) a designation
of the lower limit in the vertical World Model; 3) a sacred place where 氣 qi is stored — the
birth and death of ten thousand things.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 1

value: Huangquan

value: Jiuquan

value: the World of Dead

value: soul-po

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zheveleva, Aleksandra V.

value: Sokolova, Natalia A.

value: Yagafarova, Aleksandra D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zheveleva A. V., Sokolova N. A., Yagafarova A. D. The Eczacıbaşı Clan — Chief Pharmacists of Turkey. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 58–72. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
From a single pharmacy in Izmir opened by the founder of the dynasty Süleyman Ferit to an
industrial corporation whose fields of activity include construction materials, pharmaceuticals,
consumer goods, investment and real estate, the story of the entrepreneurial success of the
Eczacıbaşı family unfolded against the backdrop of the turbulent political and social life of
the Ottoman Empire and Turkey of the 20th century. The presented article examines the life
path of the founders of the dynasty, father Süleyman Ferit Eczacıbaşı and son Nejat Ferit
Eczacıbaşı, and the history of the success of their enterprises in its relation to historical events.
The Eczacıbaşı family comes from Izmir, thus both the head of the clan, Süleyman Ferit, and
his heirs witnessed the historical events of the early 20th century, which shook not only Turkey,
but also the entire Middle East region. Not actively participating in the political life of the
country, The Eczacıbaşı family had close ties, first with the Young Turk government, then
with the heroes of the national liberation struggle Celal Bayar, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and
others. The materials used in the preparation of the article are also valuable sources on the
history of the young Turkish Republic. Here you can learn valuable information about the
Greek occupation of Izmir, about the development of the healthcare system in Izmir in the
Ottoman and early Republican period, about the first significant events in the life of Izmir in
the 1920s, for example, about the Izmir Economic Congress and the International Exhibition
in Izmir. The history of the Eczacıbaşı clan is a vivid example of the origin and development of
entrepreneurship among the Turkish population of Turkey and could be helpful to researchers
interested in the history of Turkey’s economic development.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Turkey

value: economy

value: entrepreneurs

value: the Eczacıbaşı Holding

value: pharmaceuticals


dc.contributor.author

value: Yang, Hui

value: Borisova, Aitalina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yang Hui, Borisova A. A. Erzhenzhuan: A Reflection of Shamanistic Culture in the Folk Art of Northeast China. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 203–218. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.112 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the actual problems of the inheritance of the ethnic traditions of shamanic
culture in the modern song and storytelling dance art of the genre of comedy miniatures
Erzhenzhuan of northeast China, which have preserved elements of the culture of shamanism in traditional art. In China, the term shaman first appeared in the historiography
of the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋) over 800 years ago. Shamanism in a broad sense is a
multicultural tradition, and at the same time integrates various ethnic cultures, including folk
beliefs, traditional medicine, etc. Erzhenzhuan (二人转) is a folk song and storytelling dance
art, when performers sing, tell and dance at the same time. In this case, the dance of the sorcerer
in shamanism developed into a unique form of Erzhenzhuan folk art as a secularization
of religious classics. Later, the sorcerer’s dance became the Balaman dance (巴拉莽式舞), the
Balaman dance became the Yangge (秧歌), the Yangge became the Erzhenzhuan. The article
traces the history of the development of the Erzhenzhuan style as a folk art with strong local
characteristics. Erzhenzhuan was first recognized by the national literary and artistic circles
of China in the fifties of the 20th century. The first Erzhenzhuan program was presented by
the northeastern delegation of the People’s Republic of China. Very interesting are the original
ways of performing songs, storytelling and dancing, such as Danchutou (单出头) and
Lachansi (拉场戏). The transformation of the shamanic attire into the modern costume of
Erzhenzhuan performers is interesting. The following describes the musical accompaniment
of sacred prayers preserved from shamanic sacrificial songs. At present, Erzhenzhuan is not
only flourishing in the northeast of China, but also popular with the entire Chinese people.
Erzhenzhuan is now becoming more famous in the rest of China because many Erzhenzhuan
performers appear on television and star in TV series. In the process of research, it is supposed
to determine that in Erzhenzhuan there is an influence of the culture of shamanism on
the costumes of performers, song, storytelling and dance art in a conceptually fused syncretic
form.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out with the financial support of the Social Sciences grant of the Jilin Province
(PRC) (the project number is catalogued) as part of the scientific project "Research on the spread of Chinese
traditional culture in Russia".

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Erzhenzhuan (rotation of two people)

value: shaman culture

value: folk art

value: Balaman style

value: Yanghe style

value: shaman dance

value: song

value: storytelling

value: dance arta


dc.contributor.author

value: VAVILOV, ANTON

dc.identifier.citation

value: VAVILOV A. SECRET OF “ALWAYS ALREADY” (OF THE LOST TRACE OF PHENOMENOLOGY) IN DECONSTRUCTION OF DERRIDA. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 115–140.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Based on key texts of Derrida as well as his interviews and recently published seminars the article
presents a “micrological” analysis of deconstructivist thought in the context of its appeal to phenomenology
of Husserl and fundamental ontology of Heidegger. Derrida begins his intellectual path with
a reflection on the most important topics of Husserlian phenomenology and discovers in the descriptions
of temporalization a paradoxical movement of the immanent self-deconstruction of phenomenology.
It from within undermines its own basic principle of the primordial givenness of the living
present to itself in its whole presence. From the point of view of Derrida’s deconstruction, the living
present of self-presence of the transcendental ego, like itself, is no longer the original source of sense,
meaning, knowledge and experience but rather the effect of difference. Derrida discovers the radical
constitutive dependence of the present on the trace of the inevitably lost past, thus, his thought resolutely
destroys the primordial nature of the present and roots it in the true “origin” as a game of delays
and differences. Similarly, Derrida criticizes the project of fundamental ontology. While Heidegger
conceives of the ontological difference between being and Being as the last hidden basis of any question
in the discourse of metaphysics, Derrida insists that this differentiation is derived from différance as an
even more primordial movement of difference. And although Derrida claims to have a more essential
comprehension of the core of metaphysics compared to Husserl and Heidegger and even confidently
classifies their philosophical work ones to the field of metaphysics, he continues to use the resources of
phenomenological and transcendental discourse again and again, leaving them without any criticism.
The most telling example here is the use of the phrase “always already” (toujours déjà, immer schon),
incredibly common in the works of Heidegger and Husserl (as well as most other most famous modern
phenomenologists) and accompanying most of Derrida’s texts. In this article we seek to draw attention
to the mystery power of this phrase, which hides the secret of the origins of phenomenological, fundamental-
ontological, transcendental, and deconstructivist discourses as such, and also to demonstrate the possibilities of self-deconstruction of deconstruction, which with new urgency returns us to the
problem of defining the limits of metaphysics and the “margins of philosophy.”

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: metaphysics

value: phenomenology

value: deconstruction

value: Being

value: time

value: temporality

value: trace

value: Derrida

value: Husserl

value: Heidegger

dc.title

value: Article

filename: 06_Вавилов.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: MIKHAYLOV, DENIS

dc.identifier.citation

value: MIKHAYLOV D. “LA DIFFERANCE” AND “RIEN ENROULE”: YOUNG MARC RICHIR READS DERRIDA. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 141–158.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper analyzes the influence of J. Derrida’s philosophy on the early thought of French phenomenologist
M. Richir. Main texts for the analysis are Derrida’s report « La Différance » and the article « Le
Rien Enroulé » by Richir. The author stresses their deep figurative and substantive interconnectedness.
Thus, Richir borrows from Derrida a number of key philosophical figures, including the figure of
différance itself, and applies them to phenomenological landscape through the “first-person” narrative.
Having examined the correlation between Derrida’s figures of différance and Richir’s phenomenalization,
the author concludes that Richir, influenced by the impersonal figure of différance, leads
his “first-person” narrative in an attempt to take it beyond the limits of classical phenomenological
discourse. Moreover, the author finds preconditions for Richir’s introduction of one of his early key
concepts “nothing” (rien) in the text of Derrida’s « La Différance ». The main thesis of this research is:
Richir borrows Derrida’s understanding of consciousness and performs phenomenological description
from its perspective. The paper considers Derrida’s text as a key to understanding Richir’s article « Le
Rien Enroulé » and, as a result, the key to his early philosophy in general.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication was prepared within the framework of the Academic Fund Program at HSE University
in 2021–2022 (grant no. 21-04-052 “On a Phenomenological Revolution: Origins of Marc
Richir’ philosophical Project”).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Marc Richir

value: Jacques Derrida

value: new French phenomenology

value: structuralism

value: nothing

value: difference

value: phenomenalization

filename: 07_Михайлов.pdf


title: PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIE OU STRUCTURALISME. FOUCAULT, DERRIDA ET LA SYNTHÈSE PASSIVE

dc.contributor.author

value: PEREGO, VITTORIO

dc.identifier.citation

value: PEREGO V. PHENOMENOLOGIE OU STRUCTURALISME. FOUCAULT, DERRIDA ET LA SYNTHESE PASSIVE. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 30–47.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Foucault and Derrida react in two different ways to the new paradigm imposed by structuralism. Foucault
uses structuralism to overcome phenomenology, in fact structuralism shows the naivety of phenomenology,
in its claim to rely on conscience to constitute meaning. Instead, Derrida on the contrary
immediately nurtures a certain distrust of structuralism, especially in its philosophical ambitions and
uses the resources of phenomenology to criticize it, showing the metaphysical implications operating
in it. We want to show how this opposing position is generated by the specific way in which the two
philosophers have responded to the open problems and bequeathed by Husserlian phenomenology. In
particular, the theme of “passive genesis,” which was raised in the French debate by Tran-Duc-Thao
and Merleau-Ponty, is central. In the first writings it emerges how Foucault has received Merleau-Ponty’s
theses and it is precisely to overcome them that he inaugurates an archaeological analysis to try to
distance himself from the normalizing anthropological discourse present in the passive synthesis. Derrida
reads passive genesis in a radically different way from Merleau-Ponty (and therefore Foucault): the
radical nature of Husserl’s phenomenology has opened a space to question the transcendental genesis
of philosophical discourse and its possibility of transcending its historical, social and psychological
genesis and therefore the sciences that preside over these dimensions. Consequently, showing the naivety
of structuralism, Derrida’s research of the sixties is configured as post-structuralist.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 12; Issue 1

value: Foucault

value: Derrida

value: Merleau-Ponty

value: phenomenology

value: passive synthesis

value: transcendental genesis


dc.contributor.author

value: Suvorov, Mikhail N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Suvorov M. N. Woman and Yemen in Three Novels by Nadia al-Kawkabani (Yemen). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 88–99. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.106

dc.description.abstract

value:
Among scholars of literature, there is a discussion about whether modern Arab women write
fiction differently from their male counterparts. Some argue that women writers have special
concerns which result from their specific experiences in Muslim society and determine not
only the thematic spectrum of their works, but also a specific, sometimes vague manner of
their literary expression. This discussion is based mostly on the works of prominent women
writers from Egypt, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, North Africa, sometimes Saudi Arabia and the
Arab Gulf States. Yemen has not received much attention in this discussion, as well as in literary
studies in general. This article examines to what extent the suggested female, or “feminist”,
manner of writing is manifested in the works of Yemeni novelist and short story writer Nadia
al-Kawkabani, who is one of the most prolific women writers in her country. In her three
novels, Not More Than Love (2006), Submissive Wives (2009), and My Sanaa (2013), “feminist”
topics are touched upon repeatedly, but practically none of them is represented by a detailed
story with a sufficient degree of sentiment and psychologism. On the contrary, a great deal of
attention in these novels is given to the culture and modern history of Yemen, and the narrative,
like in many male writers’ works, is dominated by sociopolitical issues. One may argue
that Yemen in Nadia al-Kawkabani’s novels prevails over the “feminist” issue.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 1

value: Arab novel

value: Yemen

value: Nadia al-Kawkabani

value: feminism

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shuyskaya, Natalia M.

value: Jakovenko, Ella V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shuyskaya N. M., Jakovenko E. V. City as an Art Space in Modern Arabic Prose. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 100–117. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
To study the stated topic, we considered it appropriate to draw on the textual material of two
works of modern Arabic-language literature in the genre of the novel, written by masters of
the word, well-known not only to the reading audience of the Arab countries, but also foreign ones. These are “Frankenstein in Baghdad” (2013) by Iraqi writer ’Ahmad Sa‘adawi and “Incredible
novel. Damascus Mosaic” (1997) by the Syrian-Lebanese writer Gada as-Samman.
The text of “Frankenstein…” will be studied most fully, the other novel — in part. Exploring
the question of how artistic space is depicted in modern Arabic-language prose, the authors
of the article point out that the theme of space and time has not gone out of sight of scientists
and thinkers for more than one hundred years. Representatives of various sciences, including
philologists, show interest in it. The contribution to the development of this topic by
M. M. Bakhtin, Yu. M. Lotman and others. Attention is drawn to a large arsenal of terms and
concepts used by philologists in its study. The novel by ’Ahmad Sa‘adawi, who became the winner
of the “Arab Booker” in 2014, the authors made the subject of particularly close attention.
The artistic space in it is depicted most voluminously — in its toponymic, color, acoustic, odor
characteristics, which allows the reader to create a visible image of the environment where the
characters live and act, as well as get an idea of the situation not only in the described locus —
Baghdad, but also in the country as a whole, and at a critical period in its history. The textual
material of the novel G. as-Samman considered from the point of view of the locus-character
correlation, deepens and clarifies the reader’s and philological understanding of the artistic
space. It is concluded that modern Arabic writers pay considerable attention to the image of
artistic space, use its various references, due to which this image appears capacious and realistic.
This achieves the goal of the masters of the artistic word — to convey the truth about their
country and its people, to draw attention to the tragedy of their current situation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: space

value: locus

value: topos

value: house

value: Baghdad

value: place names

value: Iraqi novel


dc.contributor.author

value: Klyuev, Sergey A.

value: Semenova, Valeria N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Klyuev S. A., Semenova V. N. Monuments of Ethiopian Church Architecture in the Geralta Region: Materials of Field Research in Autumn 2020 in the Tigray Region (Ethiopia). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 177–202. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article, based on the results of field research in the fall of 2020, focuses on four churches in
the mountainous Gärʽalta district in central Tǝgray. This strategically located most important role in the history of the Ethiopian state and region. There are many hard-to-reach rock-hewn
churches that were centers of monastic activity. Gärʽalta’s many rock-hewn churches are well
represented in the scientific literature. The focus of the work is three rock-hewn and one built
churches, little studied in terms of analyzing their architectural plans and forms: Arbaʽǝtu
Ǝnsǝsa (Mikaʼel) Gundo, Abunä Zärʼa Buruk, Kidanä Mǝḥrät Yaʽid, Maryam Pappasäyti. The
article puts forward proposals on the typology of monuments, their dating; features characteristic
of the architectural tradition of the historical period and, on the contrary, unique,
inherent in the churches. Special attention is paid to the works of religious painting found
in the interiors of these churches. Arbaʽǝtu Ǝnsǝsa (Mikaʼel) Gundo combines the features
of two types of temples: traditional three-aisled basilicas and “open” plan basilicas. Abunä
Zärʼa Buruk is an open plan temple. Kidanä Mǝḥrät Yaʽid characterizes the roughness of the
forms, while retaining the common features of the three-nave plan. The temple at Pappasäyti
continues to a certain extent the tradition of building church buildings in caves or in close
association with rock formations. Additional relevance of the work is given by the fact that
data collection in the course of field research immediately before the armed conflict in the
northern Ethiopian region of Tǝgray started.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
within the framework of the scientific project No. 19-012-00299A.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: rock-hewn churches

value: Christian architecture

value: Christian East

value: Ethiopia

value: Tigray

value: Garalta

value: religious painting


dc.contributor.author

value: Galistcheva, Natalia V.

value: Reshchikova, Maria S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Galistcheva N. V., Reshchikova M. S. India and China in South Asia: Struggle for Political and Economic Influence in the Region. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 133–154. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.109 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses India’s and China’s policy in South Asia, as well as key elements of their interaction
with the regional states from the perspective of competition between the two Asian
giants for regional leadership and influence in the South Asian countries. It is emphasized that
nowadays China is pursuing active policy regarding South Asia. China develops trade and
investment ties with the countries of the region, military cooperation, infrastructural projects,
participates in the peace process in Afghanistan. The article pays particular attention to the
recent events caused by the global coronavirus pandemic and the efforts made by India and
China in order to fight the consequences of the spread of the disease, restore the broken connections
and benefit from the situation for strengthening cooperation with the South Asian
countries. It is pointed out that such Chinese activities in South Asia are of serious concern to
India, and they are regarded as a threat to the national security. Due to its financial investment
to the economies of the regional states, China not only displaces India from the territories of
its traditional influence, but also gets various advantages and benefits in these countries, as
well as access to strategic resources and assets. India is seeking to revive and strengthen its positions
in South Asia, but it is difficult for it to rival with China’s huge economy, and regarding
presence in the region and influence on the politics and economy of South Asia, India loses to
China by many measures.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: India

value: China

value: South Asia

value: India-China relations

value: regional leadership

value: coronavirus

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Napolnova, Elena M.

value: Verkhova, Ksenia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Napolnova E. M., Verkhova K. A. Syntax of Mass Media Language in the Context of Historical Development of Turkish Literary Language. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 73–87. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the history of Ottoman and modern Turkish literary languages, all the characteristic literary
language features of pre-national and national periods respectively (processed, ordered,
selection of linguistic means, conscious regulation and codification, etc.) can be traced. The
transition from the former to the latter at the beginning of the twentieth century occurred in
the form of a linguistic revolution, leading to fundamental changes at different language levels.
This still active process is aimed at forming a language norm and creating means that meet
the characteristics of individual functional areas of the literary language. Changes in vocabulary
are more obvious, better studied and currently focused on creating new, Turkic-based
lexemes to replace foreign borrowings. Syntactic changes, no less significant, aim to develop
statement structure to facilitate adequate construction and understanding, while maintaining the features of the Turkic system, but these processes are not studied sufficiently. Active formation
of the Turkish literary language takes place during a period of rapid development of
the media — a functional sphere which occupies a special position due to its wide social base.
According to several researchers, the current media language is considered representative of
literary languages. This necessitates studying the trends in syntactic structure changes of the
Turkish sentence, in order to trace general trends in the development of syntax diachronically,
help create a general up-to-date picture of the syntax of the modern literary language, on the
basis of a comparative analysis, to determine the main patterns in the development of Turkic
syntax, and while teaching Turkish — to concentrate on students’ active acquisition of the
most commonly used syntactic means.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Turkish literary language

value: mass media language

value: Turkic syntax


dc.contributor.author

value: BREUER, IRENE

dc.identifier.citation

value: BREUER I. HUSSERL AND DERRIDA ON THE PROCESS OF SENSE FORMATION—GAPS AND EXCESSES. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 74–102.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper deals with the problem of the origin of sense and meaning. For Husserl, the determination
of the ideal identity of something new can only take place retroactively in the totality of the preceding
series by stepping back towards the original foundation of sense. In this regard, J. Derrida questions
the ideality of the same as presence and the possibility of retrieving any arché of sense in his writings
Speech and Phenomena and Edmund Husserl’s Origin of Geometry. Phenomenology is not oblivious
to these difficulties, as results from a closer reading of the correlation between idealities and sensory
experience: It will show that there are at least four interrelated gaps in the Husserlian phenomenology
which testify the difficulty in grasping a retraceable arché of sense. First, the gap between the ideality of
sense and its representation. Second, the gap between sensory and categorial intuitions, whereby both
exceed one another. Third, the gap between the ideality of sense and the sense which exceeds our expectations.
Fourth, the gap between the experience of the new that overcomes us and its apprehension
by consciousness. Hence, there is a fundamental gap between the conceptual idealities and the essential
indeterminacy of our phenomenological sensory experience, which is correlative to an excess of one in
respect to the other. In this sense, Derrida’s concepts of «différance» and “invention” allow us to conceive
of this self-givenness of sense as the expression of its constant self-renewal. This expression takes
the form of a trace, which, neither present nor absent, suspends meaning and full presence, leaving the
narrative “open” for the reinvention of sense.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 12; Issue 1

value: arché

value: differánce

value: excess

value: event

value: gap

value: meaning

value: presence

value: sense

value: trace


dc.contributor.author

value: Kukhareva, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kuhareva E. V. Symbol Trees as a Reflection of the National Mentality Arab Peoples. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 155–176. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Man is a part of nature. And as an integral part of it, he lives and interacts with its other
creations — plants and animals, mountains, rivers and seas, deserts, steppes. Depending on
the conditions of the environment and, in this regard, the main forms and type of activity,
a person identifies those natural objects on which his well-being, and sometimes his very
existence, depends most of all. In this sense, the plant and animal world is the most important
part of nature, from which he draws everything necessary for his life. Plants and animals
give people food, shelter, clothing, medicines, protection and aesthetic pleasure. But among
all the diversity of plant and animal species, each national culture chooses only some that
become its national symbol, personifying the most important features for this people. For the
Arab-Muslim society, palm, olive, coffee became such symbols, and for a single country —
Lebanon — cedar. The article is devoted to some of them in the light of the traditions and
customs of the Arabs, their folklore, religious beliefs based on myths, fairy tales, proverbs,
sayings and other works. The two most widespread trees in the Arab world are represented
most fully and at all levels of national consciousness — religious, poetic, folklore. These are
palm and olive trees. They are not only repeatedly found in sacred texts and various legends.
These plants, about which there are also many proverbs, sayings and phraseological units,
have become expressions of Arab ideas about the most essential qualities and values that play
a primary role in the life of Arab society. In cross-cultural communication, knowledge of such
material and its skillful use can contribute to the establishment of close friendly contacts and
the establishment of communication.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 15; Issue 1

value: Arabs

value: Arabic language

value: culture

value: symbol

value: myth

value: proverbs

value: sayings

value: traditions

value: customs

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bokov, Timofey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bokov T. A. “Like the Ark of Nuh”: Sayyids in the Leadership of the Huthi Movement. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2023, vol. 15, issue 1, pp. 118–132. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the phenomenon of overrepresentation of sayyids (descendants of the
Prophet Muhammad) in the Huthi movement in the 2000s. It is shown that though sayyids’
total share among the population of the northwestern Yemen was about 5 % they occupied
most of the top positions in the movement and constituted about half of its military command.
The trajectories of sayyid Abd al-Malik al-Huthi’s ascent to power and shaykh Abdullah
al-Razzami’s descent from it are tracked down. It is demonstrated that such a prominent role
of sayyids is consistent with a traditional local model of leadership, which can be traced back
to the 1st millennium AD, and in which (quasi)state entities are managed either by tribesmen
who have renounced their tribal identity, or by non-tribal sayyids. Other reasons of the overrepresentation
of sayyids in the Movement’s leadership are considered: 1) family ties of some
leaders with Hussayn al-Huthi; 2) authority and experience acquired by many of sayyids in the
1980s–1990s through active work undertaken in order to protect Zaydism from Salafi threat
and state pressure; 3) reluctance of shaykhs who were affiliated with the government and/or
received Saudi subsidies to support the anti-government and anti-Salafi sentiment of their
fellow tribesmen, which prompted the latter to seek support from the sayyids. It is suggested
that the presence of a large number of potential leaders of sayyid origin in the Huthi movement
was one of the key factors that facilitated its transformation from a small group into
a significant national actor in the 2000s.

dc.subject

value: Yemen

value: Huthis

value: Huthi Movement

value: sayyids

value: People of the House

value: Ahl al-Bayt


dc.contributor.author

value: LOBO, CARLOS

dc.identifier.citation

value: LOBO C. DERRIDA’S OTHER TRANSCENDENTAL AESTHETIC. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 48–73.

dc.description.abstract

value:
By going back to the starting point of Derrida’s debates with some of the main representatives of structuralism
in France, I propose to highlight the ambiguities that cover the very notion of structure, and
to take the measure of the exact role that the reference to phenomenology plays then and will continue
to play thereafter. Among these ambiguities: the one that touches the mathematical notion of structure,
central in the triumphant structuralist mathematical current in France at that time; and especially: the
one called “groups of transformations,” the most important one to understand at the same time the
audacities and the impasses of structuralism. The hard core of mathematization of modern physics,
with Galileo’s principle of relativity, then developed in a masterly way in Einstein’s theory of relativity
rest on this very structure. After tracing the broad outlines of these initial discussions, we engage
in an analysis of how it is possible to understand the “epistemological contemporaneity” of relativity
theory and Husserl’s transcendental aesthetics. Based on a thorough exploration of the analyses of the
intersubjective constitution of space, time and the objective common world, we identify this central
structure that Husserl calls “intersubjective group of transformation.” Equipped with this phenomenological
structure, we trace this motif in Derrida’s work. Its insistence allows us to understand how
the phenomenological premises of his critique of structuralism can help to understand his theoretical
positions, especially in contrast to Jean-Luc Nancy.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: structure

value: group of transformation

value: relativity

value: coordinate system

value: intersubjectivity

value: space and time

value: body


dc.contributor.author

value: KHAN, KATE

dc.identifier.citation

value: KHAN K. SCHELLINGIAN MOTIVES IN M. RICHIR’S PHENOMENOLOGY: PHENOMENOLOGICAL UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND TRANSCENDENTAL HYPNOSE. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 195–215.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides a philosophical reconstruction of the composition of key motives in the phenomenological
project of Mark Richir, who is known for his criticism of the symbolic institution. Following
Richir’s deep inspiration in Schelling’s philosophy allows to find connections between his theory of
the phenomenological unconscious and affectivity, his commentaries concerning Greek mythology
and mythological thinking in La Naissance de Dieux—and his political theory. Along with general
historical and philosophical comments on a number of translations of Schelling into French, Richir
repeatedly refers to Schelling in his own theoretical arguments. The research shows how some of
Richir’s concepts — in particular, his interpretation of the phenomenological unconsciousness, myth,
the Protean nature of power, the change of grand epochs as a change of types of the symbolic institutions
of power—can be understood on the basis of relevant passages from Schelling’s philosophy, and
how a semantic genealogical connection between them can be built. By considering the importance
of the phenomenological unconsciousness in the course of phenomenalization process as described
in Richir’s works, it is proposed to contrast the interpretation of the unconsciousness, which retains
its simple mystery and the ways of dealing, with it in Richir’s version: while psychoanalysis is striving
for the “disenchantment” of the unconsciousness by means of translating it into the symbolic language
and transferring the living potentiation of meaning into the reproduction of a symptom. Richir’s phenomenological
appeal to mythology turns out to be a non-trivial shift from theoretical philosophy to
practical philosophy. The article also pays attention to the theory of power in Richir and Lefort, which
presumably dates back to La Boétie. It is proposed to reveal the antithesis of the imaginary policy
of the despot proposed by Richir, reproducing the symbolic institution of power and supporting the transcendental illusion of the need for control and order in the form of a kind of “hypnosis”—and real
politics as a praxis of freedom.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared as a result of research under the project no. 21-04-052 “On the Phenomenological
Revolution: The Origins of the Philosophical Project of Mark Richir” (2021–2022) within
the framework of the Program “Scientific Foundation of the National Research University Higher
School of Economics (HSE)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Richir

value: Schelling

value: phenomenological unconsciousness

value: phenomenalization

value: affectivity

value: mythology

value: sublime

value: tyrannic

value: transcendental hypnosis

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: STENINA, MARIA

dc.identifier.citation

value: STENINA M. THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL OUTLOOK ON CRITIQUE OF IDEOLOGY. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 173–194.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article further elaborates on a project of phenomenological critique of ideology and reveals its
potential for the discourse of literature. Since the paradigm of studying ideology as a ‘false consciousness’
set in classical Marxism run into several problems connected with the transition from being in
ideology to performing its critique, a genuine way out of it became impossible due to the totality of
a discursive structure common to them. The articulation of this paradox in Karl Mannheim, Louis
Althusser, Paul Ricoeur, Michel Pecheux, and Mikel Dufrenne changed the way of statement of the
question, shifting the emphasis from the content of ideology and its characteristic features to the status
of a critic who is inevitably hypostatizing his thinking. The change of perspective, in turn, entailed a
transformation of the method: while the previous tradition focused on finding a connection between
the distorted representation of reality in ideological consciousness and the social position of its bearer,
structuralist and phenomenological approaches tend to consider the contingent content of consciousness
as an inevitable consequence of its structuring always-already-given horizon of meaning. Working
with the latter, Mark Richir introduces the concept of a symbolic institution—the domain of meaning,
which determines the human habitus, providing it with linguistic and cultural practices that have lost
their phenomenological origin. In this framework, the criticism of ideology is understood as an exit
from a symbolic institution, albeit temporary. Mark Richir thematizes this exit as an encounter between
symbolic and phenomenological registers, i. e. a phenomenological challenge that assumes the
agent of the reduction. Nevertheless, gaining a foothold ‘outside’ the symbolic institution is impossible:
the overcome symbolic order undergoes recoding over time. Therefore, the phenomenological criticism
of ideology cannot offer a normative program of a presumed non-ideological field to which the
previous tradition aspired. The work hypothesizes that such critique is given as a trace of a once-perfect exit from a symbolic institution and is subject to interpretation as evidence. The development of this
hypothesis is presented in the final, practical part of the work.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The publication was prepared within the framework of the Academic Fund Program at HSE University
in 2021–2022 (grant no. 21-04-052 “On a Phenomenological Revolution: Origins of Marc
Richir’ philosophical Project”).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: critique of ideology

value: conversion

value: symbolic institution

value: Marc Richir

value: instrumentalization of phenomenology

value: moscow conceptualism

filename: 09_Стенина.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: CHERNAVIN, GEORGY

dc.identifier.citation

value: CHERNAVIN G. A PHENOMENOLOGICAL AND A POSTSTRUCTURALIST READING OF BEING AND TIME (SECTIONS 54–60). Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 159–172.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article builds on Husserl’s “trivial” observations from the manuscript Reason — Science. Reason
and Morality — Reason and Metaphysics on the topic of conscience, to then question the neglect of the
topic of misguided conscience or self-deception in Heidegger’s model of conscience from §§ 54–60 of
Being and Time. In Heidegger’s conception of conscience (as a silent call appealing to the authenticity
of Dasein) we will not find a number of points important to the Husserlian understanding of conscience:
neither the unrevealed horizons of prior life, nor the relativity of intersubjective contexts, nor
a misguided (and doubting) conscience, still less a search for (presumed) evidence. That said, the way
Heidegger axiomatically sets up the original culpability of Dasein creates a number of dead ends or
blind spots in this model. It is to these that Mark Richir addresses in his interpretation (or, more precisely,
two alternative interpretations), speaking of the “original symbolic mishap” that befell Dasein,
and then of the “symbolic tautology” in which it has become a prisoner. Richir’s critique is not aimed at
“overcoming” Heidegger’s model of conscience, but at demonstrating a transcendental illusion — probably
inevitable for one who is guided by “authenticity” and the “inner voice.” This is a kind of critical
phenomenology of “authenticity”, which manages to avoid the closedness of phenomenology in itself
by “grafting” in it poststructuralism. This is why both the first and the second interpretation by the
Belgian phenomenologist focus on the problem of symbolic structures: “original symbolic mishap” in
the first case and “symbolic tautology” in the second.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: call of conscience

value: guilt

value: Edmund Husserl

value: Martin Heidegger

value: phenomenology

value: poststructuralism

dc.title

filename: 08_Чернавин.pdf


title: FROM STRUCTURE TO STYLE. MERLEAU-PONTY

dc.contributor.author

value: KANOOR, ABBED

dc.identifier.citation

value: KANOOR A. FROM STRUCTURE TO STYLE. MERLEAU-PONTY. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 9–29.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article I try to show that there is an evolution in Merleau-Ponty’s understanding of the concept
structure. Structure is neither an entity nor an a priori principle, but the expression of certain configurations
of sense and meaning. There is a transition from a static to a dynamic approach, paralleling
a movement from a philosophy of structure to a philosophy of individuation. There exists for each
individual a general structure of behavior as a unity expressed in certain constants of its conduct. The
structure is a momentary manifestation of the general orientation of the passive-affective life in its bodily
expressions. Structuration is the act of creating order in the perception of the surrounding situation
and the process of taking a position in it. By doing so Merleau-Ponty replaces the Gestalt psychology
with a philosophy of the living being. This essential philosophical intuition culminates in the concept
of style, which becomes an important element in Merleau-Ponty’s later phenomenological aesthetics
and phenomenology of world appearance.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Maurice Merleau-Ponty

value: structure

value: style

value: form

value: biology

value: behavior

value: Gestalt

value: aesthetics

value: FROM STRUCTURE TO STYLE. MERLEAU-PONTY

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: ARTEMENKO, NATALIA

dc.identifier.citation

value: ARTEMENKO N. PRO-CREATIVE FUNCTION OF PRODUCTIVE IMAGINATION IN KANT’S FIRST CRITIQUE DISCUSSION REMARK ON THE BOOK OF SAULIUS GENIUSAS “PHENOMENOLOGY OF PRODUCTIVE IMAGINATION: EMBODIMENT, LANGUAGE, SUBJECTIVITY” Ibidem-Verlag, Stuttgart, 2021. ISBN-13: 978-3-8382-1552-5. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 216–234.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of our “discussion remark” is not to present a critical review on the book written by S. Geniusas,
a brilliant study notable by its extreme painstakingness, historical sensitivity and terminological
accuracy, but rather to delve deeply into the origins of phenomenological understanding of productive
imagination, i.e., to turn “back to Kant”, given in Saulius Geniusas’ book (the first chapter) for introductory
reason. We proceed from S. Geniusas remark that productive imagination establishes a relation
between different abilities, reconciles the antagonism between them and, in this respect, exercises
a pro-creative function. We reveal that it is this pro-creative element of productive imagination that
brings it closer to time (as indicated by Viktor Molchanov, a prominent Russian phenomenologist, in his study of 1988) and serves as the basis for gaining new knowledge. Imagination acts as a limit for
reflection, however, it gets revealed only through reflecting, and, thus, it proves to be connected with
a fundamental layer of consciousness, which appears both as an object and as a means of describing
reflection, i.e., as time. The convergence, or rather, identification, of time with imagination lies in the
very fact that both of them exercise an objective function: time — as a possibility for semantic definition
of objectivity, imagination — as a basis for a possibility of any knowledge. Moreover, imagination
turns out to be a source of a paradox and, ultimately, the only thing that explains self-cognition.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was prepared within the framework of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
project “Critical Thinking as a Subject of Criticism in the History of Russian and European
Thought” under the Priority 2030 program.

dc.subject

value: productive imagination

value: Kant

value: function of time

value: temporal syntheses

value: knowledge

value: subjective deduction

value: pro-creative function

dc.title

filename: 11_Артеменко.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: JONKUS, DALIUS

dc.identifier.citation

value: JONKUS D. WRITING AS A MODEL OF CULTURAL SEDIMENTATION AND MEMORY: FERRARIS, DERRIDA AND HUSSERL. Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology, 2023, vol. 12 issue 1, pp. 103–114.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Despite their creativity, cultural actions are not established out of nothing. They are based on previous
actions, their passive or active memory, and extension. Sedimentation is the depositing of sediments
that occurs during certain processes. They testify to the processes that have taken place and themselves
become significant links or traces. Different layers of sediment are formed, which testify to past events,
which have structures in the present. The best-known phenomenological concept of sedimentation
was formulated in Husserl’s text The Origin of Geometry. Husserl uses the specific geological term of
sedimentation to describe the science of geometry as a linguistically (written) mediated genesis of
conceptual knowledge. The human practice of knowledge can be transmitted to other generations only
by expressing it linguistically and recording it in writing. Derrida used the phenomenological concept
of sedimentation and created Grammatology. Maurizio Ferraris applied these ideas of Derrida while
developing the theory of documentality. The main idea of documentality is that a particular kind of
social objects, namely documents (records of social acts) are the ground of social reality. For all three
philosophers, writing or recording becomes a model for reflecting on cultural-social reality. The purpose
of this article is to discuss the writing as a model for cultural sedimentation and memory. Husserl
understood writing as a sedimentation that must be reactivated. However, Derrida and Ferraris identify
the written objects only with materialized writing and the repetition of what is written. They do not
distinguish between imitative and comprehensive reading.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This article is part of a grant (Nr. SMIP-22-17) from the Research Council of Lithuania.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Horizon. Studies in Phenomenology;Volume 12; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: mobile phone

value: writing

value: memory

value: sedimentation

value: phenomenology

value: Ferraris

value: Derrida

value: Husserl


dc.contributor.author

value: Tregubov, Aleksey V.

value: Krasnova, Olga A.

value: Chernyakova, Aleksandra P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tregubov A. V., Krasnova O. A., Chernyakova A. P. The practice of the clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure applying in the city hospitals of Saint Petersburg. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 1, pp. 12–27. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Chronic heart failure is one of the main causes of mortality in Russia. Improving the medical
care system for patients with chronic heart failure is currently associated with the introduction
of guidelines, the application of which has become mandatory in Russia since of 2022. Aim
to study whether the prescriptions set out in the discharge records of the St Petersburg city
hospitals correspond to the provisions of the current guidelines on the chronic heart failure
diagnosis and treatment. The material for the study was the discharge records of 101 patients
with chronic heart failure who were treated in the city hospitals of St Petersburg in 2022.
Echocardiography was performed in all patients, while brain natriuretic peptides were not
measured in either case. Drugs from various groups of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
blockers were recommended in 86.1 % of patients. Patients with reduced left ventricular
ejection fraction most often received a Sacubitril/Valsartan (56.9 %). Beta-blockers in 84.2 %,
and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were — in 94.1 % of cases. Therapy with the use of
these three groups of drugs was received by 67.3 % of patients. Inhibitors of sodium-glucose
co-transporter type 2 were recommended in 7.9 %, in 2 cases in addition to triple therapy.
Loop diuretics were recommended in 88.1 % of cases. Therapy of patients with chronic heart
failure who were treated in 2022 is more in line with the provisions of the current guidelines
than in previous years, however, a number of problems remain unresolved.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 18; Issue 1

value: chronic heart failure

value: clinical guidelines

value: pharmacoepidemiology

value: medical prescriptions

value: dose

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Golovanova, Natalya E.

value: Astratenkova, Irina V.

value: Lukyanova, Irina Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Golovanova N. E., Astratenkova I. V., Lukyanova I. Yu. Gene polymorphism and professional activity as risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 1, pp. 4–11. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The leading cause of death in the modern world is chronic non-infectious diseases, and the
leading metabolic risk factor is high blood pressure. At present, the role of reactive oxygen species in the development of arterial hypertension is well known, and the influence of
epigenetic factors, such as social environment, daily routine, nutrition, in combination
with genetic predisposition, is an important area of study also. The aim of our study was
to identify the frequency of occurrence of polymorphic variants of the arterial hypertension
marker gene angiotensinogen (rs4762) in combination with polymorphisms of the
genes of enzymes of the antioxidant system: superoxide dismutase 2 (rs4880), and catalase
(rs1001179) in emergency doctors, suffering from arterial hypertension. 20 patients
participated in the study in whom the diagnosis of hypertension was established prior to
inclusion in the study. Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA was isolated from epithelial cells of the
oral cavity. Genotyping of samples was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
According to the results of our study, the AGT TT variant was not identified in this group,
AGT CT was found only in 5 people. In other cases (75 %), the development of the disease
is not associated with the presence of an unfavorable allele of this gene. At the same time,
50 % of those examined by us revealed the presence of an unfavorable T allele of the catalase
gene and 80 % of the T allele of the superoxide dismutase 2 gene. Considering that the
professional activity of emergency doctors is one of the risk factors for the development of
arterial hypertension, the presence of a high percentage of unfavorable alleles of antioxidant
system enzymes in their genomes that we have identified indicates an increase in the
personal risk of this disease.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: arterial hypertension

value: genetic polymorphism

value: angiotensinogen

value: superoxide dismutase

value: catalase


dc.contributor.author

value: Yashin, Sergei M.

value: Shubik, Yuri V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yashin S. M., Shubik Yu. V. Atriopathy and atrial fibrillation. Part II. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine, 2023, vol. 18, issue 1, pp. 38–62. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Atrial fibrillation is based on various forms of congenital and acquired pathology. When
choosing a method of treatment, it is important to understand not only the causes of arrhythmia
in a particular patient, but also the features of its mechanism and progression
factors. Obviously, there is a difference in the mechanisms of paroxysmal and nonparoxysmal
forms of atrial fibrillation. Criteria and methods for assessing the stage of possible
reverse structural and functional changes in the atria after stabilization of the heart rate are
of great clinical importance. The second part of the review reflects the immediate causes of
atriopathy, including heart amyloidosis, mutations of the natriuretic peptide precursor A,
hereditary myodistrophia, heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, drug effect, myocarditis,
genetic disorders of repolarization, aging, arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus,
heart defects, atrial fibrillation itself. Qualitative and quantitative methods of atrial fibrosis
evaluation are described, as well as the possibilities of reverse remodeling. The potential role
of fibrosis as a direct cause of systemic thromboembolism and ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation patients is considered. Ways of atriopathy prevention and treatment are discussed.
An algorithm for assessing the severity of atriopathy and the probability of maintaining
sinus rhythm are presented.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Medicine;Volume 18; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: anticoagulants

value: atriopathy

value: inflammation

value: stroke

value: cardiomyopathy

value: catheter ablation

value: left atrium

value: remodeling

value: thromboembolism

value: atrial fibrillation

value: fibrosis


dc.contributor.author

value: Mironov, B. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mironov B. N. ‘Collective Portrait of Deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and Union Republics in 1938–1989’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 141–171. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.109 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In 1938–1989, Supreme Soviets of the USSR and Union Republics were the successors of the Congresses
of Soviets and performed the same functions assigned to them by the ruling party — to approve and
convert the decisions of the Сommunist Party into laws, to support the policy pursued by the party and the government,
to legitimize the existing regime. The Soviets performed these functions quite successfully due to the
fact that the deputy corps included people from all social groups loyal to the regime and at the same time influential,
authoritative, and well-known throughout the country. A simple Soviet citizen believed in the deputies and
the real power of the Supreme Soviets, thanks to which the Soviets, having no real power, had great symbolic
power, which allowed them until 1989 to maintain the trust of the people in the Soviet system and the communist
project. In 1938–1989, the composition of the deputies of the Supreme Soviets of the USSR and the union republics
underwent important changes: there was an in increase in the proportion of workers and peasants, women,
educated people, and people of mature and senior age; the proportion of employees, Russians and semi-literate
people decreased. The deputies’ corps became more balanced in all respects and significantly more educated,
but members and candidates of the Communist Party, men, employees, intellectuals, functionaries, were still
overrepresented, and non-party workers, peasants and Russians were underrepresented. In general, the deputy
corps was comprised of the elite; the Supreme Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Republics — of the national
elite of the titular peoples. They were not professional politicians, as in Western parliaments, but the elite. For
the majority of deputies, activity in the Soviets was not the main profession, but an honorable part-time job on a
voluntary basis.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 20-09-00353
“The disintegration of the Soviet Union in the human dimension: An interdisciplinary study”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Supreme Soviet

value: power

value: democratic authoritarianism

value: Zemsky sobor

value: electoral statistics

value: CPSU

value: elections

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kornilov, G. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kornilov G. E. ‘Famine in the Kazak ASSR in the 1930s: A Historiographical Drift’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 99–121. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The famine in the USSR in the early 1930s as a historical fact has been the focus of scholarly journals
over last 30 years; the media are especially active in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The article analyzes historiography
of famine in Kazakhstan by Kazakh and foreign (Russian, Ukrainian, American, Italian and German) scholars.
A noticeable increase in special publication activity took place in the first half of the 1990s; a new surge of interest
in the topic emerged in the 2010s, especially among Western European and American historians. In Kazakhstan,
it continues to this day and is increasingly acquiring a political connotation. Some Kazakh historians interpret
asharshylyk (famine in Kazakh) as famine, that is, following the Ukrainian interpretation of famine as genocide,
ethnocide of the Kazakh people. Such publications are characterized by the neglect of available historical documents
on the topic and a descriptive method of research, when the main emphasis is placed on suffering of
the starving people. The article focuses on the analysis of three debatable issues: the time of the famine, losses
in manpower, and mass resettlement of the population. Currently in historiography there are different interpretations
of the chronological framework; the scale of the catastrophe; various estimations of the losses and
population migration (migration, as a result of sedentarization and collectivization) in the Autonomous Republic
under conditions of famine; there is no clear definition of the geography of famine. The article attributes it to
different methodological approaches. The greatest results in the study of the topic can be obtained by means
of approaches proposed by the Russian researcher P. A. Sorokin and the Irish scholar Komrak O’Grad. Further
research is impossible without a thorough study of the already published documents and expanding the source
base.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: historiography

value: famine

value: Kazakhstan

value: USSR

value: casualties

value: migration


dc.contributor.author

value: Yanchenko, D. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yanchenko D. G. ‘The Amur Expedition and the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East in the Agenda of the Russian Council of Ministers under P. A. Stolypin’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 56–75. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The defeat in the Russo-Japanese War forced the Russian authorities to change their strategy: instead
of territorial expansion, the main task was to settle the Russian-speaking population in the Russian Far East and
to ensure the border area security. For this purpose, large infrastructure projects were financed from the state
budget during the interwar period. One of the most famous was the Amur railroad, the construction of which, as in
the case with the Trans-Siberian Railway, significantly accelerated the colonization of the vast but sparsely populated
territories of the Amur Region. In official publications and government discussions, the role of the road was
associated not only with the achievement of military and strategic goals, but also with the economic development
of Siberia and the Far East as a whole. At the same time, the establishment of a coordinating center for Far Eastern
colonization became urgent in view of a large-scale attempt to solve the agrarian question in Central Russia.
Participation of the members of the unified Government — the Council of Ministers — in the development of these
measures implied taking into account all inter-agency interests. At the end of 1908, the Chairman of the Council
of Ministers could only formulate general wishes on the organization of theoretical (scientific work) and practical (resettlement) aspects in the Far East. These proposals did not consider the specifics of lawmaking in the Duma
monarchy. Attempts of the Main Administration for Land Management and Agriculture headed by A. V. Krivoshein
to monopolize the subject of resettlement encountered sharp opposition from the most influential part of the government.
The decision taken in 1909 to establish the Committee on the settlement of the Far East and to organize
the Amur expedition was a compromise which was not predetermined by P. A. Stolypin’s original plans.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-28-01350
“Colonization of the Far East and Manchuria in Russian and Chinese Government Documents, Journalism and
Periodicals, 1894–1920”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 1

value: Far East

value: Russian Empire

value: Amur expedition

value: colonization

value: Chinese Eastern Railway

value: Council of Ministers


dc.contributor.author

value: Moskovkin, V. M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Moskovkin V. M. ‘The Forgotten Soviet Geographer and Famous Writer Nikolai Nikolaevich Mikhailov (1905–1982). Experience of Internet Search and Bio-bibliographic Analysis’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 122–140. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article outlines a career path of a famous writer, novelist and writer-geographer, Nikolai Nikolayevich
Mikhailov. It reveals that he was be a professional geographer, which previously hasn’t been recognized,
who taught Economic Geography at Moscow universities, headed the Department of Economic Geography at the
Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers and received the degree of Candidate of Geographical Sciences for a
book on the Far East published in 1940. The role of M. Gorky and his journal “Our Achievements” in the development
of N. N. Mikhailov as a writer-geographer is demonstrated. The study of the memoirs of N. N. Mikhailov and
the leading Soviet economic geographer N. N. Baranskii allowed to restore the episodes of the former’s activities
in Alma-Ata during the evacuation, including the unsuccessful defense of his doctoral thesis in 1948. The role of
the leading Soviet physical geographer, Director of the Institute of Geography, A. A. Grigoriev, in the defense of
two dissertations by N. N. Mikhailov is established as well. His English-language books published abroad, unknown
to Russian specialists in geography and history, are analyzed and introduced into scholarship. For the
first time, the preface by the famous geographer and geopolitician Halford Mackinder, written for the first edition
of the book by N. N. Mikhailov “Soviet Geography” (1935), is translated into Russian. That publication paved the
way all the further English-language books of the author, which were practically the only sources of information
for Western readers in the field of the grandiose changes on the geographical map of the country of the Soviets.
On the eve of the 40th anniversary of the death of this remarkable writer and geographer, the articles puts forward
proposals to perpetuate his name.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: geography

value: science

value: economic geography

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Potemkina, M. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Potemkina M. N. ‘Soviet Experience in Managing Evacuation Cargoes in 1941–1942: From Over-centralization to Local Initiative’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 25–38. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
To understand the functioning of the Russian economic system in the current turbulent conditions, it is
important to study historical experience, especially the issue of the relationship between centralization and independence
in management practices under the extreme conditions of the Great Patriotic War. The source base of
the study is represented by documents from central and local Russian archives, most of which are introduced into
scholarship for the first time. The study applies an institutional methodological approach, which enables to understand
ways of solving managerial problems; methods of source study; and system analysis. The article considers
the mechanism for managing transportation, storage and further use of evacuated goods, including industrial
raw materials, finished products of industrial enterprises, food supplies, household items, and other valuables. It
also reveals difficulties in the course of the evacuation process, which were determined by the lack of evacuation
plans, the loss of significant territories due to their capture by the enemy, and the general lack of resources. The
study demonstrates that over-centralization in management and the dominance of violent methods during the
evacuation of human and material resources proved their inefficiency in the first months of the war, so gradually
the authority to distribute goods arriving from the frontline to the rear areas began to be transferred down to the
regional level. The conclusion of the article concerns the expansion of the operational independence of local
authorities in the rear regions in the extreme conditions of the war. Thanks to a combination of centralization and
decentralization in management practices, most of the evacuated cargoes was saved, and their use contributed
to achieving the victory in the war.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was prepared with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
project no. АР09260449 “Production everyday life at defense enterprises of Kazakhstan and the Ural-Volga
region of Russia during the Great Patriotic War: A comparative analysis”.

dc.subject

value: Great Patriotic War

value: evacuation

value: evacuated cargoes

value: transport

value: USSR


dc.contributor.author

value: Petin, D. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Petin D. I. ‘The Head of the Сoncentration Сamps in White Omsk Pavel Nikolaevich Velizhanin (1859–1942)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 76–88. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The publication is a study into the life and professional path of Lieutenant Colonel P. N. Velizhanin — a
regular officer, a participant of the First World War, decorated by six orders, who consecutively served in the
Russian Imperial and White armies, and then in Soviet institutions. His biography, which has not been previously
presented in the scholarship, vividly reflects the collisions of the era of social cataclysms. The research has been
carried out on the basis of the theory of social adaptation, the anthropological approach and the historical and biographical
methods as a methodological basis defining its genre. The article considers the issue presented in the
article in connection with the historiography of the problem. The basis for the study was a complex of unpublished sources of an official nature discovered by the author in the funds of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region
and the archive of the Office of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the Omsk Region, among which of most
significance were the track record of P. N. Velizhanin for 1919; Soviet questionnaires; investigative documents
of the Cheka; materials of departmental office work related to military and special (Chekist) registration of the
subject of the study in the 1920s. As a result, a controversial biography of P. N. Velizhanin is reconstructed with the
highest level of detail. The conclusion emphasizes this officer’s relatively successful social adaptation in Soviet
Omsk, whose military (and anti-Bolshevik) biography was complemented by the leadership of military penitentiary
institutions. The publication may be of interest to a wide range of readers — to researchers into Russian military
history, into Russian special services, into the Soviet society, into the repressive policy of the Soviet state, as well
as to specialists in the field of practical genealogy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-28-
20144 “White оfficers in Soviet Omsk: А social portrait and adaptation problem (November 1919 — 1927)”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Officers

value: military officials

value: First World War

value: Civil War

value: White movement

value: Soviet society

value: Omsk

value: repressions


dc.contributor.author

value: Sklyarov, S. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sklyarov S. A. ‘The Jewish Question in Polish-Soviet Relations in the First Half of the 20th Century (Based on the Materials of the Plenipotentiary Mission of the USSR in Warsaw)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 1, 2023, pp. 89–98. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
A high level of anti-semitism in the newly revived Polish state had to be taken into account by the
Soviet diplomacy in the first half of the 1920s. The disclosed documents from the correspondence between the
Plenipotentiary representative of the USSR in Warsaw with the central office of the People’s Commissariat of
Foreign Affairs introduced into the scholarship for the first time testify to the existence of a Jewish problem in
Polish-Soviet relations. Moscow had to keep track of the number of Jews in the diplomatic mission in Warsaw
as well as to consider the request of Polish officials, including the Polish leader Jozef Pilsudski, about the desirability
of appointing a person of Russian origin the head of the mission in Warsaw given the level of anti-semitism
in the Polish society. The deputies of the Polish Sejm at a meeting of the Foreign Affairs Committee attributed
the shortcomings in the Polish-Soviet negotiations to the Jewish nationality of the representative of the USSR.
Another problem in Polish-Soviet relations in 1923 was represented by the destiny of Jews who escaped through
Poland from Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine to the United States. After the introduction of immigration quotas in
the USA in 1921 about 6 to 8 thousand Jews were not able to receive entry visas in the United States in 1923. The
Polish government required their urgent deportation. Other countries did not want to see them on their territory
either. The Jewish organization “Joint” was forced to ask Moscow to approve of their repatriation to the USSR on
condition it took charge of covering all expenses. After some hesitation, the USSR agreed with such repatriation.
However, it was not organized in a civilized way. The Polish authorities simply ordered to drive Jews to the borders
with the USSR. It meant the spontaneous transfer across the border which caused a new scandal in the already
strained Polish-Soviet relations.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Jews

value: Anti-Semitism

value: Polish-Soviet relations

value: refugees

value: Joint

value: pogroms

value: Poland

dc.title

value: Article