dc.contributor.author

value: Morozov, Nikita F.

value: Lukin, Alexey V.

value: Popov, Ivan A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozov N.F., Lukin A.V., Popov I.A. Gyroscopically coupled in-plane and transverse vibrations of an annular free-clamped microplate. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2024, vol. 11 (69), issue 2, pp. 354–370. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2024.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this work, we construct and study a model of coupled plane-transverse oscillations of
a circular thin plate with a concentric hole under the action of Coriolis and centrifugal
inertia forces caused by the rotation of the system along an axis located in the plane of
the plate. Equations of vibrations in partial derivatives are obtained using the variational
principle of Hamilton—Ostrogradsky. Assuming the smallness of the angular velocity of
rotation with respect to the frequency of the working skew-symmetric flexural form of
the plate oscillations, an approximate analytical solution is found for both the radial and
circumferential, and transverse components of the displacement field in the free oscillation
mode. Using the Galerkin projection method, the problem was reduced to a system of
two second-order linear differential equations for modal coordinates of mutually orthogonal
basic skew-symmetric modes of the plate vibrations. It is found that the regime of initially
excited harmonic oscillations in the presence of rotation is transformed into the regime
of amplitude-modulated beats. Analytical expressions are found both for the frequency
of the slow beat envelope and for the relative depth of their amplitude modulation. The
fundamental possibility of determining the modulus of the projection of the angular velocity
vector onto the plane of the plate from the measured value of the envelope frequency is
shown. The problem of choosing the optimal geometric shape of the resonator from the
point of view of maximizing the sensitivity of the system to changes in the value of the
angular velocity of rotation is studied. The question of determining the direction of the projection of the angular velocity vector onto the plane of the plate from the measured
depth of the amplitude modulation of the beat regime is considered.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 21-71-10009,
https://rscf.ru/project/21-71-10009/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 11 (69); Issue 2

dc.subject

value: micromechanical gyroscope

value: rate-integrating gyroscope

value: triaxial MEMS gyroscope

value: inertial navigation

value: parametric ocsillations


dc.contributor.author

value: Burov, Alexander A.

value: Nikonova, Ekaterina A.

value: Nikonov, Vasily I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Burov A.A., Nikonova E.A., Nikonov V. I. On the approximation of the field of attraction of a rigid body by the field of attraction of four material points of the same mass. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2024, vol. 11 (69), issue 2, pp. 385–394. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2024.211 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of approximation of the gravitational potential of a rigid body by the potential
of a system of four identical point masses is studied. Considering the potential in the form
of expansion by a parameter characterizing the ratio of the mean body size to the distance
to the test point of space, an approach is proposed to construct an approximate expression
up to the terms of the third order of smallness. This approach is used to construct a model
of the field of attraction for the comet nucleus (67P)Churyumov—Gerasimenko.

dc.subject

value: moments of inertia of a rigid body

value: approximation of the potential of attraction

value: comet (67P)Churyumov—Gerasimenko

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Kvitko, Aleksandr N.

value: Litvinov, Nikolay N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kvitko A. N., Litvinov N.N. Solution of the local boundary problem for nonlinear stationary system with account of the computer systems verification. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2024, vol. 11 (69), issue 2, pp. 303–315. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2024.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article an algorithm of construction of the control function that garantees the
translation of nonlinear stationary system of the ordinary differential equations from initial state to origin of the coordinate system with account of the possibility of the onboard
computer systems verification is suggested. A constructive sufficient conditions that
garafntee an existence of the problem solution are found. An efficiency of the algorithm is
shown by numerical modelling of the specific practical problem.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: control

value: nonlinear stationary systems

value: boundary problem

value: stabilization

value: computer systems


title: Session of Prof. N.N.Polyakhov theoretical mechanics section of the M. Gorky House. November 22, 2023

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 11 (69); Issue 2


title: Sessions of Prof. N.N.Polyakhov theoretical mechanics section of the M. Gorky House. October 18, 2023


dc.contributor.author

value: Fokin, Alexander A.

value: Sharafutdinova, Olesya I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fokin A. A., Sharafutdinova O. I. American Observers in the Election of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 479– 502. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.214 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In 1958, a three-member delegation from the United States was invited as observers in the
election of the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union. The Soviet leadership wanted to demonstrate
the superiority of Soviet elections to the Western public. The key event during the visit
of the American delegation was their meeting with the representatives of the Central Election
Commission, when the Americans asked questions, and the Soviet side answered them.
Despite some preparatory work to create a positive image of the elections in the USSR, there
had not been plans to entirely stage them for the American guests. Although American observers
recognized a high level of organization of elections in the USSR, even higher than
those in the USA and Europe, they could not accept non-alternative elections as a variant
of democracy and criticized the Soviet system. Thus, the dialogue between the USA and the
USSR in this sphere ended in failure, and there were no other attempts to invite foreigners as
election observers. The availability of sources that recorded the clash between two systems
and two points of view on democracy enable to simultaneously look at the Soviet elections
both from the outside — from the perspective of external observers (Americans) and from
the inside — from the perspective of the Soviet official discourse. The article suggests that the
Soviet electoral process should be examined not within political history but the through the
approaches of historical anthropology, which will allow studying elections in the USSR as a
special political ritual.

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: USSR

value: Elections

value: Supreme Soviet of the USSR

value: Soviet democracy

value: Soviet-American relations

value: Soviet foreign policy


dc.contributor.author

value: Agapov, Vadim L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Agapov V. L. Petrograd Newspapers about the Russian Front of the First World War during the Period between the Battle of Galicia and the Great Retreat. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 457–478. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.213 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines official reports and comments on the actions of the Russian army in
mass newspapers in Petrograd during the World War I. The analysis is based on the newspapers
“Petrogradskii listok” and “Gazeta-kopeika”. It shows that the newspaper publications,
selected over a long period, make it possible to reconstruct a draw up a fairly accurate idea of
the stages in the development of warfare. Although military reports were written vaguely to
conceal an inconvenient truth, certain keywords enable to give a true picture of the state of affairs
at the front. Listing captured cities, numerous prisoners, and trophies in military reports
proved that the Russian army was successfully advancing. Such news noticeably boosted the
mood of the population in the rear, which was expressed in patriotic demonstrations. The predominance
of reports about “single battles” for villages and hills, about trenches, strong fortifications,
of artillery skirmishes, and about repelling “fierce attacks” of the enemy in which they
sustained “heavy losses” testified to the transition to defense and positional warfare. During
these periods, the expression “without significant changes” was often used. The emergence in
reports such phrases as “deterrence”, “regrouping”, “taking up more advantageous positions”
and evading words “withdrawal” and and “retreat” meant that the army had started retreating.
Commentaries on military reports in mass press confirmed the official version of the events,
whereas military failures were perceived in terms of the existence of a “grand plan” by the
military authorities that would lead the country to victory.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: World War I

value: Russian Empire

value: Petrograd

value: information policy

value: military reports

value: periodicals

value: penny press

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Verniaev, Igor I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Verniaev I. I. A Cultural Turn in Contemporary Studies of Historical Dynamics of Well-being. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 503–521. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.215 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
One of the key interdisciplinary “meeting points” of economic history, anthropology, and human
biology has become the study of the dynamics and variations of well-being on the basis
of anthropometric data. The key anthropometric indicator — the mean height — best reflects
such characteristics of living conditions as the quantity and quality of nutrition, health status,
morbidity, the severity of work, and the environment. Mean height is especially useful in cases
where information about incomes, prices, life expectancy, etc. is not available or reliable:
communities in the past, cultures with a large share of the traditional and informal economy,
the importance of informal social networks. In order to correctly use data on mean height, it
is necessary to take into account that it is the result of genetic, environmental, material, social,
and cultural influences. The article presents an analysis of how the cultural factor is identified,
taken into account, and interpreted in anthropometric studies of the dynamics of well-being.
It discusses, in particular: food traditions and related features of the economy; demographic
models; family structure, including models of care, upbringing, and gender relations; religious
attitudes and practices; social institutions and stratification. The article concludes that without
taking culture into account, a comprehensive interpretation of the relationship between
anthropometric data and the standard of living is impossible, as is the correct use of such an
indicator as mean height to study the dynamics of well-being. The current research characterizes
particular attention to cultural models and practices in contemporary historical anthropometric
studies of the dynamics of well-being as a cultural turn.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant no. 23-18-00249, https://rscf.
ru/en/project/23-18-00249, project “The standard of living of the population of Russia in the 20th — early
21st centuries according to traditional and alternative indicators: an interdisciplinary study on Big Data”;
head of project B. N. Mironov.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: economics

value: economic history

value: anthropology

value: anthropometric data

value: mean height

value: dynamics of well-being

value: cultural factor

value: nutrition

value: household practices

value: family structure

value: gender relations

value: social institutions

value: religious beliefs

value: social stratification


dc.contributor.author

value: Rostovtsev, Evgeny A.

value: Sosnitsky, Dmitry A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rostovtsev E. A., Sosnitsky D. A. The First Commemorative Practices of Saint Petersburg University. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 251–266. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to an under-researched episode in the history of St. Petersburg University
— commemorations of the first half of the 19th century. The article, on the basis of the archival
sources, reconstructs the context of the preparation and subsequent conduct of solemn
university ceremonies of 1838 and 1844. To create a comprehensive picture, the authors refer
to the data from the periodical press and personal records in addition to archival sources and
regulatory documentation. The authors come to the conclusion that the period of 1830–1840s
was of fundamental importance for the commemorative practices of the university and determined
the procedure for holding annual solemn ceremonies for many years. The article also
shows that during the first university commemorative practices, two main approaches to understanding
the corporate history of the university were formulated. The first one concerned
the inclusion of institutions of the 18th century in the context of university history, including
the “academic” institution. However, it was the second approach that was established, which
considered the history of the university as an institution created by the will of Emperor Alexander
I and S. S. Uvarov in 1819. The reasons for the success of this discourse can be attributed
to both the circumstances of the university history of the reign of Nicholas, and to a perception
of the university corporate history as self-sufficient and independent in the Russian science
and society, more convenient and acceptable for the nineteen-century students.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation within the framework of the project
“Anniversary Commemorations of St. Petersburg University” (no. 23-28-01433).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: commemoration

value: anniversary

value: St. Petersburg University

value: P. A. Pletnev

value: S. S. Uvarov

value: I. P. Shulgin

value: Peter I

value: Nicholas I

dc.title

value: Article


title: From Prague to New Haven

dc.contributor.author

value: Tribunskii, Pavel A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tribunskii P. A. From Prague to New Haven. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, pp. 321–334. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores one of the turning points in the biography of the historian Georgy Vladimirovich
Vernadsky (1887–1973) — his appointment at Yale University. After fleeing Russia,
G. V. Vernadsky and his wife settled in Czechoslovakia. From time to time Vernadsky received
offers to move from Europe to the United States, but they did not lead to any results. His
change of educational institution, country, and continent in 1927 is a vivid example of the academic
mobility of a Russian scholar abroad. In the scholarship, the reasons and circumstances
of his moving to the USA are, as a rule, examined on the basis of subjective and not always
reliable sources — on memoirs and letters. This article for the first time refers to university
records to reconstruct the facts of the appointment. Vernadsky’s case is considered within the
corporate history of Yale University and within the context of the development of Russian
studies. Yale was among the few American Universities where “Russian” subjects were introduced
in the late 1890s. The combination of a number of factors — an increasing interest in
the Russian studies in the West in the 1920s, financial resources and ambitions of officials at
Yale University and the influence of the member of the department of History M. I. Rostovtzef,
whose protégé G. V. Vernadsky was, made his appointment feasible. University officials assumed
that Vernadsky, in addition to teaching, would compile a systematic list of Russian
books for acquisition by the library, and prepare a textbook on Russian history. However, an
interest in Russia at Yale in the 1920s turned out to be short-lived. Vernadsky had held the
same temporary position, which he was offered when he came to Yale in 1927, for almost
19 years. He remained the only lecturer of “Russian” courses until the 1940s.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was supported by Alexander M. and Christina Schenker Fellowship (Beinecke Rare Book
and Manuscript Library, Yale University).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: G. V. Vernadsky

value: M. I. Rostovtzeff

value: Yale University

value: academic mobility

value: Russian studies in the USA

value: Russia Abroad

value: From Prague to New Haven


dc.contributor.author

value: Hambardzumyan, Naira V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hambardzumyan N. V. The Role of Armenian Charitable Societies and Educational Centers of Constantinople in Emancipation of Women. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 401–411. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.210 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study focuses on the strategies, activities, characteristics, and interactions of Armenian
charitable societies and educational centers established by Armenian women intellectuals in
the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century. The aim of the study is to examine
the activities of the establishments founded in the Ottoman Empire, Constantinople in
particular, as well as their essential role and purpose in the processes of women’s emancipation.
The research shows that these charities helped all the educational centers, in which girls
from disadvantaged families studied, with clothes, daily allowance, stationery, and financial
means. The aim of the study is to classify those charities and educational centres in terms of
their benefits to the nation and ideological basis. It is important and relevant not only as far
as interdisciplinarity is concerned, but also from the perspective of analyzing women’s issues
in Armenological Studies. The study of the Armenian charitable societies and educational
centers established in the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century reveal not
only their functionality, but also their goals, plans, strategies, and ideological foundations in
the context of women’s emancipation. In socio-public relations, these organizations not only
helped to secure women’s rights and freedoms in education, upbringing, and work but also to
liberated them from the unwritten taboos and laws of the patriarchal society.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: women’s history

value: emancipation

value: education

value: charity

value: Armenia

value: Ottoman Empire


dc.contributor.author

value: Hamburg, Gary

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hamburg G. M. Freedom and Unfreedom in the Russian Empire in the Debate between Chicherin and Rennenkampf at the End of the Nineteenth Century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 291–306. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.203

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article treats the polemic between the conservative-liberal Boris Chicherin and Nikolai
Rennnenkampf on the Polish and Jewish questions. Some portions of the exchange appeared
in legal, and others in clandestine editions. The initial critical encounter between them in the
early 1880s was an abstract debate about the metaphysical grounding of rights. But already at
that time, the two opponents raised the fundamental question as to whether Russia’s political
future would focus on individual liberty or on the will of state officials and that of the majority
in society. The polemic continued in the mid-1890s with Chicherin’s publication of Kurs
gosudarstvennoi nauki, in which the conservative-liberal criticized the Church and the national
policy of the Empire. The more conservative Rennnenkampf answered with two open letters,
in which he castigated Poles for threatening the social equilibrium in the Western provinces of
the Empire. Rennenkampf also viewed the Jewish question as “incomparably more complex”
than the Polish question. Chicherin responded to Rennenkampf in a short book published
abroad. He did not agree with Rennenkampf ’s assertion that the Jewish problem was “more
complex” than the Polish question; indeed, Chicherin thought it “much simpler”. By the 1890s,
Chicherin had changed his ideas about the Polish question but also about Russia’s readiness for
constitutional government. Indeed, he had reached the conclusion that Russia itself was ready
for a representative assembly. He was troubled by the Petersburg government’s promotion of
Orthodoxy and of Russian language on the Empire’s western periphery. For Chicherin, the
encounter with Rennenkampf had the highest possible stakes — the choice between freedom and unfreedom inside Russia itself. Rennenkampf called for unrelenting pressure on Russia’s
“enemies”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2

value: B. N. Chicherin and N. K. Rennenkampf

value: the polemic

value: the Polish and Jewish questions

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Davydov, Alexander Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Davydov A. Yu. Political Departments on Soviet Railways during the Years of War Communism. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 335–357. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the activities of the railway political departments in 1919–1920. They
were institutions created by the Bolshevik leadership under the People’s Commissariat of Railways
to resolve issues in emergency mode. The article aims to analyze the activities of these
organizations in establishing their dictate on the railways in the first years of the Soviet power.
The study of the work of political departments is relevant in the context of understanding the
mechanisms of the political influence of the Soviet state on the society. The article sheds light
on the under-researched aspect and introduces not previously used sources into the scholarship.
The article provides facts about two stages of the functioning of the organizations in
question. During the first stage (March 1919 — January 1920), the attention was focused on
their political/educational activities; their impact on the economic/political spheres was minimal.
During the second stage (January 1920 — January 1921), when the political departments
became a means of the People’s Commissar of Railways, L. D. Trotsky, all the structures of the
transport complex of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic were subordinated to
them. The author puts forward a thesis of how the absolute power of the political departments
and the People’s Commissariat of Communication Routes of the Soviet Union was extended
to the railways and workforce. The author also develops the idea expressed earlier in the
scholarship about the transformation of political departments and the suppressed trade union
of transport workers into a powerful party-state structure, which, under the leadership of
Trotsky, became a key player in the restoration of the country’s economy after the Civil War.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: political departments

value: People’s Commissariat for Communication Routes

value: Chief Political Directorate for the Communication Routes

value: Petrograd Railway Terminal Political Department

value: Е. F. Rozmirovich

value: L. D. Trotsky

value: A. P. Rosengolz

value: S. M. Gessen

value: Order no. 1042

value: Central Committee of the United Union of Railway and Water Transport Workers


dc.contributor.author

value: Yanshina, Oksana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yanshina O. V. On the New Concept of the Origin of the Transeurasian or Altaic Languages. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 522–544. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.216 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
A new concept of the origin of the Altaic languages emerged in foreign publications recently.
This concept, based on linguistic, genetic, and archaeological data, linked the ancestral Altaic
language to the early farming cultures of the West Liaohe River. It suggests that farmers,
speakers of the prospective Tungus-Manchu, Japanese, and Korean languages, spread outside
this area in the eastern direction, whereas pastoralists, speakers of the Turkic-Mongolian languages,
moved in the western direction. This article examines the archaeological foundations
of the new concept, primarily those related to the Tungus-Manchu languages. According to
the authors of the concepts, the Zaisanovkaya Neolithic culture of Primor’e represents the
first Proto-Tungus-Manchu speaking population. They suppose that around 6500–4900 cal.
BP these people broke away from the Proto-Tungus-Mongolian Hongshan culture, residing
in Western Liaohe, and migrated to South-Central Primor’e, and then, much later, already
from there, they spread north to the Amur basin. The idea of localizing the homeland of the
Tungus-Manchu languages in the south or in the south of Manchuria is not new and has been
expressed earlier. The new concept has introduced new linguistic arguments in favor of this
idea. However, the article demonstrates that their attempts to correlate these arguments with
archaeological data should be considered unsuccessful. The central theses of the new concept,
which connect the spread of the Proto-Tungus-Manchu languages and agriculture, remain
unproven, as does their connection precisely to West Liaohe farmers.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Transeurasian (Altaic) languages

value: Tungus-Manchu languages

value: archaeology

value: Neolithic

value: Zaisanovskaya culture

value: Hongshan culture


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryazantsev, Sergey V.

value: Smirnov, Alexey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryazantsev S. V., Smirnov A. V. Demography of Pandemics in Governorate of Livonia during Late Imperial Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 431–456. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.212 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Infectious disease pandemics that broke out in the territory of the Russian Empire in the 19th
century were large-scale phenomena with significant demographic consequences. The aim of
the study was to assess the demographic and socio-economic consequences of the Russian
influenza pandemic and the fifth cholera pandemic in Livonia. The research is based on the
pre-revolutionary periodicals. Influenza caused a disease outbreak in Livonia in November
1889. In December, the population, mostly over 35 years old, began to suffer from pneumonia,
which often led to death. A statistical assessment of monthly excess mortality in 1889 showed
an increase of 8 % in November and 67 % in December. Influenza also had an effect on fertility:
the birth rate in September 1890 (conception in December 1889) was the lowest compared to
the period between 1888 and 1895. Influenza affected members of all classes. By the time of
the outbreak of the fifth cholera pandemic, the cholera agent and modes of transmission were
known. Cholera was a disease of the poor. Migrant labourers and the lower classes of the population
were predominantly affected. There was a lower likelihood of the educated population
living in satisfactory conditions and following the advice of doctors of contracting it. In October
1893, cholera riots occurred in Tartu, demonstrating the population’s misunderstanding of
the purpose of sanitary measures. The rioters did not understand why “gentlemen” did not get
cholera. Cholera had an impact on the mortality and marriage rate of the population. However,
cholera in Livonia became a controlled disease and had a positive impact on the sanitary
habits of the population, and the sanitary and epidemiological development of the cities.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Russian flu

value: cholera

value: Russian flu pandemic

value: cholera pandemic

value: morbidity

value: mortality

value: Livonia Governorate

value: Riga

value: Baltic region

value: Latvia

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lupanova, Yevgenia M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lupanova Ye. М. On the History of the Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments at Saint Petersburg State University. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 267–290. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The academic year of 2023/24 marks the 70th anniversary of the Orchestra of Russian Folk
Instruments at St. Petersburg State University. The precursors of the orchestra were the university
solo balalaika-players in 1934–1939, one of whom was assistant professor, while two
others — students. After World War II, the administration decided to boost the level of amateur
activities, which corresponded to strong social demands for cultural access. A number
of new clubs with professional teachers emerged within this trend in addition to students’
own initiatives. University amateur musical bands of Russian folk instruments comprised of
the ensemble of button-accordionists led a Philology student V. D. Fedorov and the orchestra
of four-stringed domras led by a professional musician А. I. Vasiliev. The organization of the
orchestra of V. V. Andreev’s type by М. М. Dorfman, a graduate of the department of History,
marked the start of a new period. The article places the formation of the orchestra in a wide
historical context of the Soviet authorities’ attitudes to orchestras of Russian folk instruments,
political and cultural processes, and professional discussions. The sources include primarily
the materials of the newspaper “Leningrad University” and archival documents for the first
time introduced into the scholarship. The most important one — М. М. Dorfman’s “The History
of Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments at Leningrad University” of 1956 — is published
as appendix together with official information about the Club of amateur activities at Leningrad
university in 1956. The fact of creating “The History” signified the accomplishment of the
formation when all challenges had been met: the first organizational difficulties; teaching most
members the basics of music; constant turnover of members; first concerts and contests. The
first academic year was finishing with the orchestra having a full complement of instruments.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: St. Petersburg State University

value: history of Soviet amateur activities

value: folk musical instruments

value: orchestra

value: V. V. Andreev’s cultural heritage


dc.contributor.author

value: Bessudnova, Marina B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bessudnova M. B. The Marienburg Route as an Example of Reformatting Hanseatic Communications. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 412–430. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.211 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The example of the Marienburg route between Marienburg castle and Pskov enables to consider
the process of reformatting the system of Hanseatic-Russian and Livonian-Russian trade
communication lines in the early modern period, initiated by the leadership of the Teutonic
Order in Livonia. The Livonian cities were motivated to preserve traditional traffic relations
and to block unauthorized (“unusual”) routes, while the Livonian territorial lords, led by
grandmaster Wolter von Plettenberg, attempted to expand their authority by including the
“merchant affairs” into “land affairs”. Thanks to the Livonian-Russian agreements of the late
15th century, the Marienburg route lost its “unusual” nature and to some extent changed the
Hanseatic logistics in the southeast of Livonia directing the trade not towards Dorpat but deep
into the Order’s posessions and Riga. After unsuccessful attempts to move the Hanseatic office
from Novgorod to Narva, Plettenberg opened the Marienburg route for Russian trade in early
1522, which bypassed the “staples” of Dorpat and Reval. The route connected the possessions
of the Order with Pskov and Riga, and significantly increased its export opportunities. Dorpat
and Revel tried to force the grandmaster to close the new route but failed due to the disengagement
of the “foreign” Hansa, to Riga’s strikebreaking and to a new status of Plettenberg.
He became Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1530, which allowed him to declare the roads
of Livonia imperial and to claim his texceptional rights to them. This resulted in the final legalization
of the Marienburg route.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 23-18-00166 “Russian-Hanseatic
‘unusual trade’ in the conditions of Baltic conflicts at the end of the 15th — 16th century”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Marienburg route

value: Hanseatic League

value: Livonia

value: Pskov

value: Livonian Order

value: Dorpat

value: Hanseatic communication lines

value: “unusual” roads


dc.contributor.author

value: Chesta, Sergey O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chesta S. O. The Narrative Techniques and the Image of Cnut the Great in Deeds of the Danes. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 387–400. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the narrative techniques used by Saxo Grammaticus when creating the
image of the Danish king Cnut the Great in “Deeds of the Danes” (c. 1208/1216). It focuses
especially on Saxo’s intepretation of the conflict between Cnut the Great and his political opponents
— King Olaf II Haraldsson of Norway and Ulf Jarl. This conflict, which led to the
death of both opponents of the Danish ruler, is considered in the sources of “Deeds of the
Danes” as an example of the unjust rule of Cnut the Great. The image of Cnut the Great in the
“Deeds of the Danes” testifies to a decisive break with the previous historical tradition that
portrayed him as a cruel ruler. The author created a narrative which discredited the enemies of
the Danish king. The textual analysis reveals that Saxo Grammticus managed to achieve said
effect by transferring the conflict from the political to the moral and ethical contexts, reinterpreting
his sources, including messages with ambiguous interpretations in the text, removing
“supernatural elements” from the story about Olaf the Saint, as well as including implicit comparison
between the heroes of the narrative. One of the possible reasons for the actualization
of the image of this king and his “rehabilitation” in Danish historiography is the claim of the
Danish kings of the 12th — early 13th centuries to the Norwegian throne, which was once held
by Cnut the Great.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2

value: Saxo Grammarian

value: “Deeds of the Danes”

value: Cnut the Great

value: medieval Denmark

value: historiography

value: Olaf the Saint

value: narrative techniques

value: the image of the ruler

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Polynov, Matvey F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Polynov M. F. Economic Policy in the Soviet Union during the Years of Perestroika. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 371–386. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes economic policy during the perestroika. It identifies its main stages, content,
and results. The author identifies three periods. The first period was the initial stage of
Perestroika (1985–1986). The main policy was aimed at accelerating of the economy growth
through the intensification of production. However, the set goals were not implemented
both due to objective reasons and as a result of the mistakes. The second stage spanned three
years — from 1987 to 1989. The policy changed dramatically: it was decided to introduce
elements of market relations and competition. The articles demonstrates that the reforms had
both positive and negative results. On the one hand, they failed to properly motivate enterprises
to increase production and to implement achievements of science and technology. They
also contributed to the unjustified pay rise and led to inflation. On the other hand, the reforms
laid the foundation for a multi-layered economy. The third period marked the transition to a
market economy (December 1989–1991). The transition took place in the context of the acute
confrontation between the center of the Soviet Union and the Russian government. The Union
government has prepared a program for the USSR, called the Ryzhkov — Abalkin program.
The Russian government has proposed an alternative program “500 days”. Both programs differed
significantly from each other in the pace of their implementation and their content.
During the perestroika it was not possible to form an economic policy conducive to the development
of the Soviet economy. The Perestroika led to a severe economic, financial and social
crisis, which became one of the main reasons for the destruction of the USSR.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: perestroika

value: M. S. Gorbachev

value: N. I. Ryzhkov

value: economic policy

value: market economy

value: economic crisis


dc.contributor.author

value: Amosova, Alisa A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Amosova A. A. The Policy of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Council on the Restoration of Social Services for Re-evacuated Leningrad Children in the Period of the Great Patriotic War and the First Post-war Years. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 358–370. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines under-researched aspect of the restoration of social services for re-evacuated
Leningrad children in 1943–1946. Social services are interpreted as the work of local
authorities, the Soviets, aimed at resuming the activities of children’s institutions in Leningrad,
solving the problems of organizing the daily life of children outside their houses, primarily
in nurseries, kindergartens, orphanages, schools, in medical institutions, and within health
programs. Since February 1943, the re-evacuation of residents to Leningrad was initiated, and
the city leadership was faced with the task of establishing social and consumer services for
the population staying in the city. The policy related to the implementation of key restoration
measures was directed by the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Union and the
Council of People’s Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. The formidable
challenge lay in the fact that during the war years, many city institutions were liquidated,
and the buildings and premises, which had housed them, were destroyed or occupied by hospitals,
headquarters of the Red Army, Red-Banner Baltic Fleet, and the People’s Commissariat
for Internal Affairs. The staffing issue was acute. Topical were the issues of repair and provision
of work with building materials, necessary inventory and equipment. The article is based on
the clerical and regulatory documents of the Leningrad City Executive Committee from the
funds of the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg; published materials of the Council of People’s
Commissars of the USSR and the Council of People’s Commissars of the Russian Soviet
Federated Socialist Republic and the Leningrad City Executive Committee; and the data from
periodicals for 1943–1946.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: re-evacuation

value: Leningrad City Executive Committee

value: children’s institutions

value: blockade of Leningrad

value: social services

value: restoration of the urban economy


dc.contributor.author

value: Efimov, Andrey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Efimov A. A. The Main Department of Appanages and the Problem of Supplemental Payments to Construction Contractors for Office Buildings in Livadia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 307–320. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.204

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article refers to one of the episodes of interaction between the Ministry of the Imperial
Court and Appanages and construction contractors at the imperial residence Livadia in Crimea.
The author, on the basis of materials stored in the Russian State Historical Archive, studies the
process of considering the petitions of contractors, who participated in the reconstruction of
the complex of the Livadia estate in 1910–1911, to receive additional payments to compensate
for the losses incurred. The article notes that all submitted appeals contain a reference to
force majeure circumstances that entailed unplanned expenses. The author points out that
for the substantive consideration of petitions, the officials sent requests for documents to the
Livadsko-Massandra Appanage administration. After receiving the materials, they made a
decision based on the results of their analysis. These proceedings including the activity of
the specially assigned commission could last several months or even more than a year. The
study of archival documents outlined two scenarios for responding to contractors’ requests.
When the case was considered exclusively by the institutions of the Department of Appanages,
the applicants received part of the requested amount. At the same time, the contractors were
notified of the final nature of the decision made, and further requests were rejected. According
to the second scenario, when the petition reached the leaders of the Ministry of the Imperial
Court and the Emperor, the Department of Appanages received the highest order to fully
satisfy the contractor’s request. But even so, as the article notes, officials sought to cut costs
through the use of deductions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Research conducted at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 22-78-00026 “Ensembles
of the residences of the Romanovs’ kin members in Crimea: conception, realization, development, and
transformation (1837–1917)”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Ministry of the Imperial Court

value: Crimea

value: Livadia

value: V. B. Frederiks

value: V. S. Kochubei

value: V. N. Kachalov

value: G. P. Guschin

value: contractors

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Alekseenko, Aleksandr P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alekseenko A. P. 2024. Legal status of the operator of e-commerce platform in China. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 284–302. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.211 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In Russia, Issues of antitrust regulation of digital platforms’ (aggregators) activities, resolving of
intra-platform disputes, and the responsibility of digital platforms’ operators (aggregator owners)
before suppliers and buyers have become topical in Russia. In this regard, it is important
to study the legal status of digital platform operators and, based on the analysis of foreign law,
propose solutions that will improve Russian legislation. China is one of the world leaders in the
sphere of digitalization and has extensive experience in regulating activities of digital platform
operators. Basing on the method comparative legal analysis, as well as dogmatic interpretation,
this paper scrutinizes legislation of Russia and China on digital platforms. The study finds key
features of a digital platform including internal rules and software that allows the conclusion
and execution of contracts and the interaction of sellers and buyers. Also, this paper provides a
classification of types of digital platforms and observes rights and responsibilities of digital platform
operators. The main attention is paid to the examination of the legal status of the operator
of the e-commerce platform. For this purpose, the study analyzes the PRC Law “On Electronic
Commerce” and the existing judicial practice on its application. The paper argues that in China,
the operator of an e-commerce platform is a special market entity, endowed with administrative
powers in relation to intra-platform business and bearing responsibilities that include informing
sellers, buyers and government agencies, establishing an infrastructure for resolving disputes,
protecting owners of intellectual property rights, ensuring the safety and quality of goods and
services sold, maintaining the sustainable functioning of the platform. At the conclusion this
paper proposes the ways of modernization of Russian legislation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Research is funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 24-28-00751, https://rscf.ru/project/
24-28-00751/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Chinese Law

value: China

value: digital platforms

value: aggregator

value: aggregator owner

value: digital platform operator

value: e-commerce

value: exclusive right

value: consumer rights

filename: 11_Правоведение+2-2024_Алексеенко.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Gong, Nan

value: Dong, Dongxue

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gong N., Dong D. 2024. Application and theoretical development of artificial intelligence in civil proceedings. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 241–256. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the scope of application of artificial
intelligence in the judicial field continues to expand, and the intelligent auxiliary system of decision-
making has taken root in courts throughout China, which not only greatly alleviates the
problem of “the existence of a large number of cases and a small number of people” and increases
judicial efficiency, but also, by assisting judges in considering cases, also contributes to
the uniform application of laws and the normalization of norms for exercise of discretionary powers.
A prerequisite for the judicial application of artificial intelligence is the construction of a map
of legal knowledge, as well as the typification and elementalization of the rules of litigation. The
theory of justice by legal compositions in legal proceedings and the law of the formation of the
use of artificial intelligence in justice are inherently compatible, and can be used as an advanced
and basic theory for deep neural network learning, setting up word segmentation and designing
a knowledge map. The specific application pathway is to continuously perform hierarchical
deconstruction in accordance with the theory of justice by legal compositions, deconstruct the
establishment of the existence of facts and apply deconstruction regulations to different levels
of elements, and their hierarchical and step-by-step marking by legal experts to form a big data
map of legal knowledge, marked by elements, for machine learning. To this end, the theoretical
tool of the intelligent assistive decision-making system model should implement the transition
from “legal logic + artificial intelligence” to “legal logic + philosophy of procedural law + artificial
intelligence” so that intelligent auxiliary litigation can truly be integrated into judicial practice.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Heilongjiang Philosophy and Social Sciences Research planning
project No 22FXB102.

value: artificial intelligence

value: civil proceedings

value: legal composition

value: Chinese law

value: justice

value: smart court

value: digitalization

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Malysheva, Nataliya I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Malysheva N. I. 2024. Theoretical difficulties in the study of the law of the PRC. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 175–186. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In particular, the knowledge of Chinese law, which was previously obtained by our national science,
is not being sufficiently used nowadays. Russian legal scholars know little about the original
latest legal theories of their Chinese colleagues. Studying the most complex legal phenomena
in modern China requires taking into account the peculiarities of its national legal culture.
In order to understand Chinese legal culture, we can refer to Chinese literature. It is advisable
to use the cognitive potential of legal ethnology in the study of Chinese law. The problem of law
sources is one of the most important as well as difficult for studying. One should keep to unified
terminology developed by the theory of law, taking into account the fact that the law sources
reveal their “specifics” within a particular legal system. Difficulties often arise in determining
the meaning of translated legal terms when correlating them with the concepts that could seem
similar for the Russian and Chinese legal systems. As an example, we consider the specific
names of the acts of the Standing Committee of the NPC, which adopts laws, regulations, resolutions,
regulations, and rules. Regarding all the complexities, researchers are recommended
to turn to the experience of Soviet law, and pay attention to the fact that in order to qualify the
acts of the Standing Committee of the NPC it is necessary to use not only a formal, but also a
substantive criterion, as well as a criterion of legal force. No less of a problem is the study of the
interpretation of the norms of Chinese law, formulated in various sources. From the formal legal
side it is important to study the interpretations of the Standing Committee of the NPC. However,
their small number confirms the importance of the explanations of the Supreme People’s Court
on the current legislation application, as well as the special role of the Governing Court Cases
of the Supreme People’s Court as models for resolving cases.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Research is funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 24-28-00751, https://rscf.ru/
project/24-28-00751/.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: law of the PRC

value: theoretical and legal studies

value: legal culture of the PRC

value: translated legal terms

value: acts of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China

value: interpretation of law in the PRC

dc.title

filename: 03_Малышева.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Jia, Shaoxue

value: Zhang, Jingxin

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jia S., Zhang J. 2024. Legal protection of a citizen’s right to a facial image when applying facial recognition technology in Chinese law. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 271–283. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.210 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the era of the rapid development of big data, facial recognition biometric technology, which
identifies and confirms the identity of persons by their face, is gradually becoming an object
of public attention. Developing facial recognition technology has become an indispensable
means of collecting information for government and commercial organizations. Facial recognition
technology can be used to quickly identify individuals and improve efficiency and accuracy.
However, there are two sides to everything, and the widespread use of facial recognition technology
has affected the traditional system of protecting the citizen’s right to a facial image, and
the relevant laws should be improved in connection with the leakage and misuse of facial images.
Only under the double safeguard, both the advancement of facial recognition technology
and the improvement of laws can further protect the citizen’s right to a facial image. This article
analyzes the use of facial recognition technology and the risks associated with it, explains the
legislative framework and its shortcomings in China, and makes appropriate proposals for further
protection of the generated facial image information in facial recognition technology.

dc.subject

value: face recognition technology

value: facial image protection

value: sensitive personal data

value: Chinese law

value: artificial intelligence

value: personal rights

value: information


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanova, Evgeniia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanova E. V. 2024. The voluntary refusal to commit a crime in the criminal law of Russia and China. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 213–225. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Code of the
Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the PRC concerning the institution of voluntary
refusal to commit a crime. The question of understanding the term “voluntariness” in relation
to the provisions of Article 31 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 24 of
the Criminal Code of the PRC is studied, a distinction is made between subjective voluntariness,
that is, directly related to the person committing the crime, and voluntariness associated
with the objective possibility of a person to continue committing a crime. With regard to the
provisions of Article 31 of the Criminal Code of the Russia, the question of the connection between
voluntary refusal and the stages of committing a crime is raised, it is concluded that with
regard to voluntary refusal, we are talking terminologically not about the stages of committing
a crime, but about the stages of criminal behavior. It is indicated that in relation to Article 24 of
the Criminal Code of the PRC, voluntary refusal can be of two types: at the stage of preparatory
actions or at the stage of performing the objective side of the crime, as well as refusal after
performing the objective side of the crime, but before the onset of the consequences that the
offender sought. It is noted that the second type of voluntary refusal is not peculiar to Russian
legislation, and therefore the provisions of Article 24 of the Criminal Code of the PRC are largely
similar to the institution of active repentance in Russian Criminal Law. It is concluded that there
is some similarity, but also a significant difference between voluntary refusal in the legislation
of the two countries.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 2

value: voluntary refusal to commit a crime

value: preparation for a crime

value: attempted crime

value: Criminal Law of Russia

value: Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China

value: doctrine of Criminal Law of China

dc.type

value: Article

filename: 06_Иванова.pdf


title: Legal policy in the field of ethnology

dc.contributor.author

value: Yudina, Marina I.

value: Alekseenko, Aleksandr P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yudina M. I., Alekseenko A. P. 2024. Legal policy in the field of ethnology. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 166–174. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The role of ethnology and anthropology in Russian legal science is not high. Meanwhile, the
data of the abovementioned sciences linked with law, could be used to build mechanisms for
resolving issues connected with fertility and even with criminal punishment. The authors of this
paper believe that in order to make justified legal decisions, it is necessary to increase the legislator’s
attention to the results of ethnological research, to organize and implement rational
policies in the field of ethnology, considering the ethnological analysis of problem areas of modern
legal reality. Ethnology can provide data for legal science, for example, about the deterioration
of the situation of a particular ethnic group, a decrease in the number of endangered
languages’ speakers, and problems in the functioning of traditional economics. Based on the
results of ethnological research demonstrating the decline in the number of one or another
indigenous people, the state can develop specific targeted measures to preserve these groups
of population. In particular, provide financial and regulatory measures, including the establishment
of more stringent sanctions in administrative and criminal law for encroachment on the
rights of citizens representing a national minority that is on the verge of extinction. The authors
argue that results of ethnological research should become a road map for the legislator in the
development of regulations relating to the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples, their
support, as well as the development of their cultural autonomy. In this regard, it is necessary
to develop a concept that will determine the place of ethnology in the legislative process, identify
goals, directions in lawmaking for the use of material collected by ethnologists, indicate
vulnerable
and endangered peoples of Russia, for the preservation of which it is necessary to
develop special protection mechanisms, introduce new measures of support or supplement
existing ones.

dc.subject

value: anthropology

value: ethnology

value: legal policy

value: interdisciplinarity

value: human rights

value: indigenous peoples

value: ethnological expertise

dc.title

value: Legal policy in the field of ethnology


dc.contributor.author

value: Chuychenko, Konstantin A.

value: Kropachev, Nikolay M.

value: Kondurov, Viacheslav E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chuychenko K. A., Kropachev N. M., Kondurov V. E. 2024. Traditional Russian spiritual and moral values in the context of modern legal policy. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 156–165. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is dedicated to the study of the legal nature of the Fundamentals of State Policy
for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values, to
determine the role and influence of this strategic planning document on the legal system of the
Russian Federation. The authors conclude that the mentioned Fundamentals of State Policy is a
political and legal act, which, due to the specific nature of the values it establishes, has a special
legal significance in the legislative system of Russia. Firstly, from a formal point of view, the Fundamentals
of State Policy differs from many other strategic documents in that it was approved
by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation, who, in accordance with the Constitution
of the Russian Federation, is empowered to determine the directions of the country’s foreign
and domestic policy. Second, from a substantive point of view, this strategic act appeals to values that are prior in importance and nature even to the constitutional act itself. Accordingly,
they were not established by the strategic document, but were merely expressed by it. Due to
the legal form, these values have been given additional tools for protection and implementation.
Because of the fundamental nature of traditional values, their integral incorporation into social
practices requires the broad involvement of civil society and its institutions, especially universities
and research centers.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project number 23-28-00973 “Dogma of
public law in the context of post-globalization” (https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-28-00973/).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: policy of law

value: values

value: traditional values

value: traditional spiritual and moral values

value: acts of strategic planning

value: strategic planning documents

value: strategic planning

filename: 01_Чуйченко+и+др.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Li, Lifeng

dc.identifier.citation

value: Li L. 2024. An empirical analysis of criminal sanctions against exam cheating in China. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 202–212. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.205

dc.description.abstract

value:
In order to ensure the sustainability of the national examination system, which is the basis of
social mobility, China has added new criminal sanctions for Exam Cheating in the criminal law
amendment in 2015, and issued the latest judicial interpretation in 2019. However, through the
analysis of the relevant judicial application data from 2015 to 2019 by SPSS, it is found that there
is still a certain gap between the latest judicial interpretation and the actual problems. To a large
extent, the judicial interpretation in 2019 solved the problems of the scope of the crimes of exam
cheating and clarified its boundary with other related crimes. However, it does not contain detailed
provisions on “serious circumstances”, which will certainly affect the original purpose of
legal regulation laid down by the legislator to prevent illegal acts and formulate lawful behavior.
Through the empirical research on such crimes, this article argues that the functions of criminal
law in shaping the moral and behavior standard could give full play only by revising the penalty
standards through later judicial interpretation. Such measures are extremely necessary and will
achieve the goal that the legislator pursued when introducing liability for cheating.

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: China’s National Examination System

value: Criminal law Amendment

value: exam cheating

value: judicial interpretation

dc.type

value: Article


title: Chief editor’s note

dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergey

dc.description.abstract

value: Chief editor’s note

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 2

filename: 00_от ред..pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Troshchinskiy, Pavel V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Troshchinskiy P. V. 2024. Advocates in China: History and modernity. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 226–240. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the historical development of advocacy in China and the role of lawyers
in Chinese society, spanning from ancient times to the present day. Traditional Chinese society
held a negative perception of legal processes and positive law. It was widely believed that
individual interests should be subordinated to collective interests and seeking legal redress in
court was seen as conflicting with the moral norms of “li”. Chinese officials typically sought to
avoid resolving disputes through the judicial system, instead promoting mediation and pretrial
dispute resolution. This negative perception of legal processes led to resistance against the
activities of lawyers, with the profession being viewed disrespectfully by officials. Over time,
a prevailing sentiment emerged among the public that advocates were more inclined to support
the guilty party rather than defend the innocent. The advocate was widely seen as being biased,
protecting criminals, and enabling them to avoid just punishment. Lawyers faced numerous
obstacles in participating in legal proceedings and often encountered hindrances in providing
advice to defendants, including instances of physical harm. After the establishment of the
People’s Republic of China in 1949, the perception of advocates remained largely unchanged.
The Chinese legal profession was effectively dismantled during the destructive political campaigns
from 1958 to 1966 and began to reemerge only after the implementation of the “reform
and openness” policy in 1978. Initially, lawyers were appointed as civil servants, but this status
was later revoked. Despite long-standing skepticism towards advocates, the legal profession in
modern China is gradually gaining popularity, although progress is slow and the overall number
of advocates in China remains relatively small. They still hold a formal role in criminal proceedings,
while the majority of cases seeking legal assistance from advocates are primarily related
to civil proceedings. Even though the need for the existence of the advocacy is no longer denied,
its significant role in modern China is still not fully recognized.

dc.subject

value: China

value: Chinese law

value: advocacy

value: process

value: legal regulation

value: traditional law

value: Confucianism

value: legalism

dc.title

filename: 07_Трощинский.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Trofimov, Albert А.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trofimov A. A. 2024. The system of legal regulation of state control in the People’s Republic of China. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 257–270. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In light of the ongoing reform of control and supervisory activities in Russia, it is of interest to
study the current legal regulation of state control in historically related legal orders, in particular,
in the PRC. Although China does not have a single normative act dedicated to the procedure,
grounds and methods of exercising state control, its norms are systematically included in various
sectoral normative acts. Among others, various types of state control in China can be distinguished:
sectoral, central and local, departmental and interdepartmental. The state directs
controlling bodies to apply advanced information technologies, scientifically-based methods
of planning and implementation of control measures, as well as the implementation of a risk
management
system. It can be argued that there is a whole system of norms dedicated to state control in China at the current stage of development of Chinese legislation, which is not a complete
legal institution. This article considers on the example of individual administrative legal
norms how the Chinese legislator approaches the issue of finding a balance between public
and private interests in the implementation of state control of private entities through the normative
consolidation of specific guarantees of the rights and legitimate interests of controlled
persons and specification of powers of controlling bodies, which still remain in many cases
broad and not fully defined.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 23-28-01756 (Available
at: https:// rscf.ru/project/23-28-01756/ (accessed: 10.01.2024)).

dc.subject

value: state control

value: supervision

value: control and supervisory activity

value: administrative responsibility

value: control measures

value: inspection

value: risk-oriented approach

dc.type

value: Article

filename: 09_Трофимов.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Wang, Guanglong

dc.identifier.citation

value: Wang G. 2024. Unfair competition and antitrust regulation in the field of Internet financial platforms in China. Pravovedenie 68 (2): 303–314. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.212 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The presented article analyzes unfair competition in the field of China’s Internet financial platforms,
which is mainly reflected in three aspects such as resistance and rejection by traditional
financial platforms in relation to developing Internet financial platforms; resistance and rejection
between Internet financial platforms; monopoly problems that the platform itself may face.
The paper notes that large-scale platform complexes use the advantages of platforms, data,
algorithms and users for random expansion into various industries and penetration into financial
markets in order to form a monopoly of the platform-financial complex. This has caused
widespread damage to competition, innovation, consumer rights and interests, as well as the
stability of the financial system. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to create and improve the
management system of the platform economy for its regulation and management. According
to the author, the typed means of suppressing anticompetitive behavior in the field of Internet
financial platforms should be manifested in such aspects as the construction of a mechanism
for antimonopoly supervision of Internet financial platforms; improvement of the mechanism for
the examination of regulatory measures in the field of Internet finance; creation and improvement
of the mechanism of public supervision.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Internet financial platform

value: large-scale platform complex

value: unfair competition

value: antimonopoly supervision

value: mechanism of public supervision

dc.title

filename: 12_Правоведение+2-2024_Ван+Гуанлун.pdf


title: Criminal law counteraction to violent attacks on police in China

dc.contributor.author

value: Pang, Dongmei

value: Su, Pengzhan

dc.description.abstract

value: In recent years, violent attacks on the police have become more frequent in China, which not only prevents the People’s police from performing their duties, but also seriously threatens their personal rights and interests. In this regard, there was a call in the academic circles of China to single out an attack on the police as a separate crime. Amendments to the Criminal Code of the People’s Republic of China purposefully responded to this call by separating a violent attack on the police from the composition of “obstruction of the performance of official duties” and forming a separate corpus delicti — “attack on the police”. The composition of an attack on the police has been widely used in judicial practice since it was established separately in the Criminal Code of the People’s Republic of China and officially put into effect, which really had a certain deterrent effect on crimes against police officers: on the one hand, it effectively guarantees the uninterrupted performance of police duties and activities; on the other hand, it also strengthens the authority of the law enforcement activities of the police and at the same time protects the personal rights and interests of police officers. However, a large amount of judicial practice shows that there are many ambiguities in the judicial application of this corpus delicti, reflected mainly in the understanding of “violent attack” and “people’s police”, the use of related crimes. When solving these problems, first of all, the connotation of “violent attack” should include direct and indirect violence against a person, and may also include violence against things affecting the smooth performance of duties, but should not include simple violence against things and mild violence. Secondly, in the understanding of the “people’s police”, it should be based on a position of compromise, and it should be recognized that police officers without official approval and police assistants can also become the subject of the crime of “attacking the police”. Thirdly, in specific judicial practice, the problems of applying the elements of crimes, such as “assault on the police” “obstruction of the performance of official duties” “intentional injury to health” and “murder” are reasonably resolved in accordance with the rules of competition of norms or ideal totality for the purpose of scientific and rational application of the crime in question.

dc.subject

value: attack on the police

value: protection of legal benefits

value: injury to health

value: murder

filename: Правоведение+2-2024_Пан+и+др.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Alekseeva, Maria S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alekseeva M. S. Basic concepts of missionary service in the perception of the modern priesthood of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Asian regions of Russia. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 317–339. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The status of the missionary activity of the modern Russian Orthodox Church, its
condition is characterized by ambiguous assessments even within the Orthodox
priesthood itself. The identification of mission and social service, the denial of the
effectiveness and even the very existence of an Orthodox mission, diametrically
opposed assessments regarding the planning and control of the mission — all these
discrepancies affect the strategies of modern missionary activity. The purpose of the
study is to analyze the understanding of the basic concepts of missionary activity,
tasks and principles of mission realization by the modern priesthood in the Asian
regions of Russia. The geographical focus of the study, the regions of Inner Asia,
predetermined the priority choice of such regions as: Altai, Irkutsk region, Buryatia,
Tyva, Khakassia; outside Russia — Mongolia. The main method of forming an empirical
base was an expert survey in the form of a series of semi-standardized interviews
with Orthodox priests of Asian regions. of Russia. The experts also included
participants of missionary expeditions and teachers of missiology from non-Asian
dioceses. As a result of the expert survey, the understanding of the status of missionary
activity in modern society, the relationship between mission and social service
became clearer, and the attention of the priesthood to the distinction between
mission and catechism was reflected. The priority of the internal mission has been
highlighted. The principles of missionary service are considered.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 6; Issue 2

value: mission

value: internal mission

value: external mission

value: social service

value: catechization

value: mission motivation

value: principles of missionary service

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Suarez, Franciscus

dc.identifier.citation

value: Franciscus Suarez. Disputationes Metaphysicae. Disputation XXIX. Part I. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 173–198. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value: The translation from Latin was made by G. V. Vdovina

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Shchukin, Timur A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shchukin T. A. Humanity as a tool of the Word: The beginning of monothelite disputes and Aristotle’s interpretation in the 6th century. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 213–228. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the Christology of Theodore of Tharan, one of the first Monothelite
theologians, in the context of philosophical teachings relevant to this time.
An analysis of the surviving fragments from Theodore’s epistles shows that his writings
contain four concepts that mark him as a follower of the peripatetic philosophical
tradition: the source of movement for the soul-body composite is that which is
beyond it; the soul is one in the sense that the vegetable, animal and rational souls
constitute a single essence and their action is one; the soul is the instrument of the
Word, and the body is the instrument of the soul; it is impossible for a mover to
move when the mover (the source of its movement) is stationary. It is assumed that
Theodore of Tharan hardly borrowed these concepts directly from Aristotle, dealing
with either peripatetic or neoplatonic interpretations of the Stagirite. It is concluded
that Theodore of Tharan sympathized with a point of view close to authentic Aristotelianism
in the interpretation of Alexander of Aphrodisias — this is indicated by
the closeness of his views to the latter’s teaching about the active mind, about the
unity of the soul, about the relationship of the movable and the moving. However,
the instrumentalism of Theodore of Tharan, referring rather to the Neoplatonic interpretation of Aristotle, indicates that there is no complete identity with the views
of Alexander of Aphrodisias in his texts.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The present research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project
no. 21-011-44263 “Formation of the concept of ‘theology’ as a science and its conceptual apparatus
in the Byzantine Christian theological thought of the late 5th — early 8th centuries in the
context of scientific and philosophical knowledge of late antiquity”.

dc.subject

value: Theodore of Tharan

value: monothelitism

value: monoenergism

value: Aristotle

value: soul and body

value: Christology

value: Alexander of Aphrodisias

value: Simplicius

value: John Philoponus


dc.contributor.author

value: Svyatchenko, Nikolay S. (priest)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Svyatchenko N. S. Apokatastasis in Russian philosophical and theological thought. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 229–244. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The doctrine of apocatastasis in the era of early Christianity was debatable, in the
era of the Ecumenical Councils, the discussion ended with the decisions of the Fifth
Ecumenical Council. In modern times, a religious and ideological need arose for a
new understanding of Christian doctrine. The revival of the theory of apocatastasis
has theological, philosophical and psychological prerequisites that arose at the turn
of the 19th and 20th centuries. This article describes the understanding of the idea
of apocatastasis in the Russian philosophical and theological thought of the twentieth
century, analyzes the elements of the doctrine of apocatastasis in the works
of V. V. Rozanov, N. A. Berdyaev, V. V. Zenkovsky, N. O. Lossky, A. E. Zhurakovsky,
P. Florensky, P. N. Evdokimov, archpriest S. Bulgakov, L. A. Zander et al. According
to the research, Orthodox philosophers of the twentieth century prepared important
prerequisites for rethinking the idea of apocatastasis, but none of the thinkers
gave a complete doctrine of universal salvation — neither the time nor the style of
thought of Orthodox theology of that period contributed to this. The author has
identified the most important prerequisites and components of building a theoretical
basis for the hope of universal salvation in the Orthodox context, which provides
the necessary material for finalizing the idea of apocatastasis in modern theology.
The article introduces numerous Russian authors, classical writers and theologians,
the vision of theologians of European thought and Christian saints.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 6; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: apocatastasis

value: Russian philosophy

value: eschatology

value: soteriology

value: unity

value: universalism

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gridneva, Maria V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gridneva M V. Relations between science and theology in interpretation of Dumitru Stăniloae. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 285–300. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article explores Dumitru Stăniloae’s interest in natural sciences. The characteristic
of his epistemology is given, which shows that he distinguishes three stages
of knowledge of God: rational (affirmative and negative), apophatic and cognition
based on specific life situations. The theologian’s increased interest in the rational
stage of cognition, which makes possible and necessary strict science, is underlined
as well as the interconnectedness of all stages, which determines the benefit of
scientific knowledge throughout the path of human’s ascent to God. D. Stăniloae’s
wide application of the rational method of cognition is illustrated by the example
of his article “Church as a place and a large community in Christ”. In the course of
studying D. Stăniloae’s works, the fact is highlighted that the Romanian theologian
identifies a large number of interrelations, such as soul-body, human-world, creation-
God, based on his Trinitarian theology and Christology. The substantiation
of the importance of scientific knowledge is given due to the fact that it helps to
strengthen and clarify the connection between cosmos-man-Christ-Trinity. The
methodological features of cognition of the surrounding world in the context of the
connection of scientific knowledge and knowledge of God are listed, and D. Stăniloae’s
positive view of technological progress is also noted and characterized. At the
end of the research, it is concluded that the Romanian theologian considers science
to be a part of the knowledge of God and a means of natural Revelation, as well
as the importance of combining scientific knowledge with apophatic knowledge of
creation, which is possible as a consequence of the presence of God in the world.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Dumitru Stăniloae

value: natural sciences

value: theology

value: rational cognition

value: cognition of God

value: creation

value: Romania


dc.contributor.author

value: Korytko, Oleg V. (archpriest)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korytko O. V. Christian theology and the archetypal in religion: A reconciliation experience for the stances. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 199–212. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The term “archetype” became ingrained in modern humanities. This was greatly due
to the works of the founder of analytical psychology, C. G. Jung. Jung himself linked the idea of archetypes with the collective unconscious, the concept of which took
shape in his mind under the influence of E. Durkheim and L. Levy-Bruhl’s works.
Since, in the mind of the author and his closest followers, the term “archetype” had
a connection with the spiritual and cultural heritage accumulated by humankind,
it resulted in attempts to analyze pieces of artistic creativity in order to identify
archetypal models and plots in them and to explain the logic of the creating and
social functioning for works of art, primarily the verbal one (M. Bodkin, E. M. Meletinsky,
A. Y. Bolshakova). Another focus of research is the application of the theory
of archetypes to the problems of mythology and religious studies (E. Neumann,
K. Kerenyi, J. Campbell, M. Eliade). The facts observed by researchers of different
areas require serious reflection based on the stances of Orthodox theology. This
can be done only based on a centuries-old church tradition. The Christian spiritual
heritage includes, in particular, the texts of the Holy Fathers (Corpus Areopagiticum,
St. Irenaeus of Lyon, Rev. St. John of Damascus, St. Augustine), who use both
the term “archetype” alongside with the terms close to it in meaning (“prototypes”,
“predestinations”, “predeterminations”). All of them correlate with the doctrine of
God’s original plan for the world.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 6; Issue 2

value: archetype

value: collective unconscious

value: social fact

value: facts of collective consciousness

value: patterns

value: prototypes

value: predestination

value: Divine ideas


dc.contributor.author

value: Sachkov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sachkov A. V. Feedback loop scheme as related to axiomatic approach to Pareto set reduction. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 281–288. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.212 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
A feedback loop scheme is proposed as related to axiomatic approach to Pareto set reduction.
Necessary information on axiomatic approach is presented and an example is studied. The
feedback loop scheme is explored as related to a problem of potential insurance contract
conclusion. Problems arising with such approach are discussed, such as criteria selection,
automatic quanta collection based on user behavior data and others. The scheme is then
modified and an approximate solution algorithm is presented. Future research directions are
outlined.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 2

value: choice

value: Pareto set

value: feedback loop

dc.type

value: Article


title: Editorial

dc.identifier.citation

value: Editorial. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 170–172.

dc.description.abstract

value: Editorial

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 6; Issue 2


dc.contributor.author

value: Maximov, Andrey O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maximov A. O. The conditions of personal freedom in Karol Wojtyla’s treatise “Person and Act” and their transformation in the social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 261–284. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the changes in the understanding of the conditions of personal
freedom that occurred in the second half of the 20th century in Catholic social anthropology.
Researchers of the social teaching of the Catholic Church presented in
the Compendium, 2004, note the strong influence of the personalistic ideas of Pope
John Paul II on its’ main anthropological positions. The author of the article shows that this thesis cannot be fully attributed to the understanding of personal freedom
in the social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, where freedom is considered
beyond the ontological connection with the self-determination of the personality.
The author’s argumenttion is based on a comparison of K. Wojtyla’s teaching about
the self-establishment of a free person in society with the conditions for the exercise
of personal freedom set out in the Compendium, where freedom, placed on a par
with human rights, is determined by external causality. According to a number of
signs given in the article, such changes in Catholic anthropology may be associated
with the social relativism of the Western Church. The relevance of the topic of the
article is due to the direct connection between the freedom of the person and her
salvation.

dc.subject

value: personality

value: freedom

value: salvation

value: John Paul II

value: Roman Catholic Church

value: ecumenism


dc.contributor.author

value: Knyazkin, Sergey A. (deacon)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Knyazkin S. A. Liturgical features of the Neocatechumenal Way movement in the context of integration into the structure of the Roman Catholic Church. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 340–360. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.210 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Neocatechumenal Way (Neocatechumenate) is a movement that emerged
within the Roman Catholic Church during the Second Vatican Council. Its main
mission is to bring into the Church baptised persons who, for various reasons, are
distant from the life of the Church. Because of its liturgical peculiarities, the Catholic
movement has received mixed reviews from scholars. On the one hand, Western
theologians have been positive about the activities of the Neocatechumenal Way, especially
in terms of the results of ecclesialisation. On the other hand, some researchers
and representatives of the church hierarchy and clergy reacted negatively to the
closed nature of the church communities, the sacramentology and the practices of
churching. The article attempts to identify and analyse the liturgical characteristics
of the Neocatechumenal Way and their role in the process of integrating the movement
into the structure of the Roman Catholic Church. In order to achieve this, the
author has examined a number of sources that provide insights into the specifics of
the Neocatechumenal worship. The central question addressed in the article is why
the Catholic hierarchy refused to accept the liturgical particularities of the movement,
despite its general recognition as a legitimate way of being church. The author
suggests that the leaders of the movement based their liturgical practices on the
theological concept of “communion” — a central ecclesiological idea of the Second
Vatican Council — and sought to renew parish life. In the process of reform, however,
the movement rejected a significant part of the Roman Catholic Church’s liturgical
heritage and challenged the institutional form of the Eucharistic community.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Catholic movements

value: Neocatechumenal Way

value: Eucharist

value: neocatechumenal mass


dc.contributor.author

value: Tretiakov, Andrei V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tretiakov A. V. State-religious relations in crisis situations: The support by Russian religious organizations for a special military operation. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 301–316. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the consideration of the specifics of state-religious relations
in crisis situations using the example of the reactions of Russian religious organizations,
their leadership and representatives, regarding support for a special military
operation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in Ukraine. The starting
point of the article is the thesis about the fundamental support by the largest
religious organizations of Russia of the foreign policy course of the President of
the Russian Federation V. V. Putin, including a special military operation. Forms of
support include public speaking (reports, interviews, lectures, sermons, communication
with parishioners); acceptance by the governing bodies of a religious organization
of documents confirming support; providing humanitarian and other assistance
to military personnel and members of their families, the population of new
constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and refugees; spiritual care for military
personnel; participation in social and psychological rehabilitation programs;
coordination of the religious life of believers in new constituent entities of the Russian
Federation; cooperation with the Russian Ministry of Defense and other government
bodies in matters relating to a special military operation. These examples
will demonstrate different levels of interaction between the state and religious organizations
during a special military operation, revealing the general specifics of the
model of state-religious relations in crisis situations in the Russian Federation.

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 6; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: state-religious relations

value: humanitarian assistance

value: religious situation

value: crisis situations

value: new subjects of the Russian Federation

value: rehabilitation

value: religious analytics

value: special military operation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Cherepanov, Daniil D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cherepanov D. D. Anticipating Max Weber: Discussion about the church at the Religious and Philosophical Assemblies in 1901–1903. Issues of Theology, 2024, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 245–260. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2024.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article dwells upon a specific aspect of the discussion about the Church, which
took place at the Religious and Philosophical Assemblies in Saint Petersburg between
1901 and 1903. The initial impulse was given in 1901 by Mikhail Stakhovich,
who raised the issue of the freedom of conscience. Many representatives of the Russian
Church opposed this idea; the article argues that this controversy was fueled
by nearly incompatible understandings of the relation between the Church and the
society. Participants of the Religious and Philosophical Assemblies represented two
different approaches to this ecclesiological problem. Stakhovich and other proponents
of religious liberty considered free and conscious faith of the individual as
the main sign of the Church. Thus, they regarded the Church as a particular and
clearly distinguished community. On the contrary, their opponents were inclined
to see the Church as coinciding with the society in general, so that they treated the
notions “Russian” and “member of the church” as synonyms. It is suggested that
the emergence of these two conflicting concepts during the discussion represented greater processes which took place not only in Russia, but also in Europe and North
America. This is supported by contrastive analysis: ecclesiological viewpoints represented
in Saint Petersburg are compared to the two notions coined by Max Weber,
i. e. “churches” („Kirchen“) and “sects” („Sekten“). It is shown that participants of
the Religious-Philosophical Meetings arrived at very similar notions several years
before Weber’s works were published. These findings are used to assess the effect of
Orthodox apologist’s speeches during the Meetings.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Religious and Philosophical assemblies

value: ecclesiology

value: apologetics

value: church

value: society

value: state

value: freedom of conscience

value: Max Weber


dc.contributor.author

value: Prokaev, Aleksandr N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Prokaev A. N. The maximum entropy principle in decision theory. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 154–169. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Traditionally, the principle of maximum entropy is used to find unknown distribution of random
variables. In decision theory, this principle is used primarily in situations of uncertainty
regarding the probability distribution of hypotheses about the “state of the environment,”
where the environment is understood as a set of parameters that influence the result of
the decision made. This paper considers the use of the principle of maximum entropy for
a different purpose, namely for the purpose of optimal distribution of resources of various
types. A proof of theorems is given that make it possible to create algorithms for solving
various problems of resource allocation based on the principle of maximum entropy, as well
as examples of solving demonstrative problems.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: information theory

value: decision theory

value: search theory

value: expected utility theory

value: utility function

value: maximum entropy principle


dc.contributor.author

value: Gaidash, Andrey A.

value: Goncharov, Roman K.

value: Kozubov, Anton V.

value: Yakovlev, Pavel V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gaidash A. A., Goncharov R. K., Kozubov A. V., Yakovlev P. V. Mathematical model of random number generator based on vacuum fluctuations. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2024, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 136–153. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu10.2024.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
A mathematical model of quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuations
is considered. A mathematical justification for the “randomness” of the generated sequence
is given under the assumption of the truth of the basic postulates of quantum theory and
the validity of the Poisson probability distribution for the photon flux. The results of experiments
and the obtained estimates of the minimum entropy are presented.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: quantum random number generator

value: minimal entropy estimation

value: vacuum fluctuations

dc.title

value: Article