dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, S. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belov S. I. ‘Ivanovo-Voznesensk War Industry Committee in 1915–1917: Problems and Achievements’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 291–304. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the activities of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk military-industrial committee in 1915–
1917. Close attention to the object of study is determined by the fact that Ivanovo-Voznesensk was the center of the largest textile region in Russia, and the local military-industrial committee united enterprises with a total number
of more than 30 thousand workers. On the basis of the analysis of the archival documents of the committee,
the author comes to the conclusion that the sole direction of its activity was the supply of the army with military
equipment: the production of grenade and shell cases, and the production of asphyxiant gas. For this, special
enterprises (shell and phosgene plants) were founded, generously financed by the members of the Committee.
They regularly carried out deliveries for the military department. On the other hand, the local textile enterprises,
which fulfilled large defense orders for the supply of fabrics, found themselves outside the sphere of influence
of the military-industrial committee. All factories received orders and reported on them independently. Based
on this, the thesis is confirmed that the military-industrial committees were not monopolists in the distribution of
military orders. Even the attempts of local manufacturers, with the help of the military-industrial committee, to
ensure the allocation of additional labor, raw materials, fuel and equipment were not very successful. As a result,
no more than 40 % of the capacities of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk textile industry were mobilized for “defense production”.
In addition, there is absolutely no trace of the role of the local military-industrial committee in the political
organization of the bourgeoisie in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. This can be attributed to the fact that, on the one hand,
the committee solved mainly economic problems, and, on the other hand — that the local bourgeoisie had other
economic and political organizations that had operated long before the committee was created.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is supported by the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Preservation
of the World Cultural and Historical Heritage”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Ivanovo-Voznesensk

value: Russia

value: War Industry Committee

value: textile industry

value: phosgene

value: World War I

value: Main Artillery Directorate

value: intendant

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Posadsky, A. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Posadsky A. V. ‘On the Front Line: The White Army and the Population’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 339–349. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the interaction of the White Army and the population in the South and East of
Russia. It evaluates the specifics of combat operations and recruitment in the conditions of civil war and emphasizes
the importance of interaction with the civilian population. The author analyzes the areas of large-scale
confrontation of the population and the causes of this phenomenon, and explains the reasons behind the blurring
of the boundaries between combatants and non-combatants in internecine struggle. The author draws attention
to the restoration of law enforcement and other forms of infrastructure in the areas occupied by the White Army,
to the phenomenon of self-defense on a territorial or ethnic basis. The conclusion made concerns the decisive
interaction between the army and the population on the front line in the conditions of a large-scale civil war. The
article provides numerous examples of support of the white units by the population; analyses successful and unsuccessful examples of the demand for such support by the command of White formations. For this purpose,
various sources are used, primarily memoirs, both published and stored in the archives of the Russian Federation.
The author concludes about the utmost importance of contact with the population on the front line for the victory
in the civil war and highlights a high potential for the support of white formations and the areas where this was
manifested most prominently. The article proposes to distinguish between the willingness to surrender or to be
legalized with the approach of the Whites and the willingness to actively support the troops with military participation.
This phenomenon was also evident on the red side of the confrontation, which had its own specifics and
is worthy of independent study.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Civil War

value: White movement

value: army

value: population

value: combatants

value: non-combatants

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Begum, I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Begum I. ‘Russian Reassertion in Afghanistan: Implications of the Doha Peace Agreement 2020’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 430–444. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.211

dc.description.abstract

value:
The research aims to explore the causes of Russian reassertion in Afghanistan and delves into its
impact on the peace process. Russia has a deep-rooted history in Afghanistan. At the peak of its power, it sent
troops to Kabul to protect the communist regime but faced strong resistance from the Afghan people. The Soviet-
backed Afghan regime and the Soviet forces tried to control the insurgency for ten years; eventually, it had to
pull back all troops from Afghanistan. The extended engagement in Kabul worsened internal conditions in Russia
which attempted to prevent them from the Afghan scenario. During the brief period of the government of Mujahedeen
and later, under the rule of the Taliban*, it was concerned by the rise of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan that
emerged as a peril for Russia and the Central Asian states where Moscow aspired to maintain a soft influence.
The 9/11 incident transformed the political approach of the world community. The paper analyses the reasons for
Russian support of the US in the war against terrorism, and Russian coordination with Central Asian states to facilitate
the US in utilizing military bases of the former Soviet Union for the first time. Russia re-opened its embassy in
Kabul in 2007. After two years, it endorsed a new strategy of the US President in Afghanistan based upon a troop
surge, a withdrawal plan, and reconciliation with the moderate Taliban*. Russia also formed a multi-dimensional
policy towards Afghanistan. Kremlin developed ties with the Afghan government as well as diplomatic engagement
with the Taliban*. A hypothesis is made that due to the assertive Russian role in Afghanistan, the US had to
speed up the peace process which resulted in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Afghanistan.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

value: Russia

value: Afghanistan

value: Taliban

value: peace process


dc.contributor.author

value: Strekalov, I. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strekalov I. N. ‘About the Difference of Opinion of the Soviet Citizens in Connection with the Drafting of the Soviet Union’s Third Constitution’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 400–411. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the thoughts of the Soviet citizens about the structure of the
state and society in the 1960s–1970s. This subject of research is considered in connection with the constitutional
reform, e. g., the process of creating the third Constitution of the USSR, officially held in 1962–1977. The research
revises the established approach in the historiography usually adopted by modern researchers of the late Soviet
era, according to which, the Soviet society was homogeneous in its moods and views or shared some clear
doctrinal, theoretical concepts. This article examines a number of sources: citizens’ letters to the Constitutional
Commission considered by employees of the apparatus of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR;
some certificates, reports, reviews of citizens’ letters sent to the Central Committee of the CPSU containing information
on proposals to the draft of the Constitution. It argues that there were different opinions among the
Soviet citizens: on the basis of the analysis of letters in connection with the draft of the Constitution of the USSR,
the paper highlights different attitudes towards the authorities, not only purely critical or, on the contrary, trusting.
The society was comprised of both those who spoke out “for” or “against” the ruling regime, and — no less — of
those who, to a certain degree, supported the authorities in their transformations or were critical of them, but who
cannot be attributed to the “Soviet” or “anti-Soviet” camp of society with an absolute certainty.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 20-09-00218
“Practices of interaction between government and society in the late Soviet period (1956–1985)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Constitution

value: Soviet society

value: Soviet Union

value: USSR

value: Khrushchev

value: Brezhnev

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Hass, J. K.

value: Lomagin, N. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Hass J. K., Lomagin N. A. ‘Unseen Roots of an Unexpected Revolution: Party Elites, Economic Reforms, and Expectations versus Outcomes in Late 1980s Leningrad’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 412–429. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.210

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the perestroika processes from the Leningrad point of view. Surprisingly, but
events in Moscow and, eventually, in the media were initially more conservative and sluggish than the discussions
behind closed doors in Leningrad — but before long, roles were reversed, and public discourse became increasingly
more creative and even radical than those private discussions requested by Smolny. The other point is that
local enterprise directors (and other organizational actors and elites, e. g. in the Komsomol) started to act on their
own interests and opportunities. The growing acceptance of some form of Western market economies (even if
adapted to some “Soviet” form) meant that directors could steal a step on Smolny and even Moscow. Gorbachev
reforms offered the possibility of taking reforms beyond local Party and state headquarters — Smolny and the
Councils — to economic actors themselves. This threatened to make the Councils redundant, if such reforms
were serious. Authors suggest, this is what happened. Authors’ data suggest that the Councils in the initial phase
of reform (and perhaps Gorbachev) underestimated how important and central the shadow economy had become
by then. Gorbachev opened the economy, hoping that devolution and some liberalization would harness,
not fight, the initiative in the shadows. However, shadow practices were so wrapped up in formal institutions,
and so ingrained among economic (and other) actors, that unleashing the shadow economy risked unraveling
institutions as actors used the brief open window to gain as much as they could. It ended up a wager both on
the entrepreneur and the thief — leaving Smolny and the Councils, the first stage of reform, in history. What did
survive, however, were those networks of younger reform-minded cadres, who in the new world would find their
place driving the next stage of radical reforms.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: perestroika

value: Gorbachev

value: reforms

value: Leningrad


dc.contributor.author

value: Sokolov, R. A.

value: Smirnova, I. N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sokolov R. A., Smirnova I. N. ‘The People’s Commissariat of Property of the Republic and the Clergy of the Court during First Months of Soviet Power (Based on the Materials of the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St Petersburg)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 445–454. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.212 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Despite the abundance of researches into the question of the relationship between the Soviet government
and the Orthodox Church, there still remain unexplored lacunae. One of them is the relationship of power
with the clergy of the Court. The clergy, which was part of the Ministry of the Imperial Court, was abolished in January 1918, a few days before the Decree on Separation of Church from State was issued. This chronological
discrepancy had its own reason. First of all, the clergy was connected with the fate of the Ministry, and, like a number
of its subdivisions, fell under the control of the People’s Commissariat of Property of the Republic. Despite
the generally accepted opinion about the exceptionally consistent anti-religious policy of the authorities, in March
1918 the leadership of the People’s Commissariat of Property issued a decree on the return to the clergy of part
of the capital alienated by the January decree. This article examines this document and its appendices, which
were not previously published, and also analyzes the possible reasons for the emergence of such a document,
which contradicts the general course aimed at combating the church and religion carried out at that time on the
national level.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 21-48-
04402 “Saints and Heroes: From Christianization to Nationalism, Symbol, Image, Memory (North-West Russia,
Baltic and Northern European countries)”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Ministry of the Imperial Court

value: clergy

value: Court

value: protection of monuments

value: People’s Commissariat of Education

value: People’s Commissariat of Property

value: Soviet Russia

value: bolsheviks


dc.contributor.author

value: Ulyanova, S. B.

value: Sidorchuk, I. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ulyanova S. B., Sidorchuk I. V. ‘From Football to Parachuting: Physical Education and Sports at the “Krasny Putilovets” Plant in the 1920s — Early 1930s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 455–469. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.213 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study is devoted to the under researched issue of development of physical education and sports
at the grassroots level. The task was to identify the mechanism of recruiting participants to sports teams and
societies; to consider the process of introduction to sports at the micro-level of the enterprise; to study the role
of physical culture in labor processes. The cornerstone of the Soviet mass society were collectives formed at
factories, and therefore one of the largest factories in Petrograd/Leningrad — “Krasnyi Putilovets”, which had not
only rich labor and revolutionary history, but also sports history, was chosen as an example. The research source
base included archival materials; reviews and results of the survey of the physical education club at the plant;
reviews of the activity of the sports club; discussions of the development of physical culture and sports, etc. As
far as research methods are concerned, the authors turned to everyday history and its components — the history
of sports and the history of leisure, as well as to microhistory. The results of the study demonstrate that it was the
factory sport circles that led to professional sports and that during the period under review, effective mechanisms
were developed to attract workers of different genders and ages to active physical education and sports. At the
same time, the actors involved in the organization and implementation of this work pursued different goals — the
unity of the labor collective, the distraction of young people from deviant leisure practices, the proletarization of
sports, its use for educational and propaganda work, etc.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-28-
20225 “Politicization of leisure in the USSR in the 1920s — 1930s: goals, forms of implementation, consequences
(based on the materials of Petrograd/Leningrad)”, and by the St Petersburg Science Foundation in accordance
with Agreement no. 63/2022 dated April 15, 2022.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: leisure

value: physical culture

value: sports

value: politicization

value: Krasny Putilovets

value: history of everyday life

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Abbasov, Majid E.

value: Sharlay, Artyom S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abbasov M. E., Sharlay A. S. Method for finding the cost-optimal road trajectory on the surface of the terrain. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 139–147.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper studies a method for finding the cost-optimal trajectory of a road connecting two points on a given terrain. Situations are considered when the cost of delivery of materials is a constant value, as well as a more general formulation of the problem, in which the cost of delivery depends on the coordinate of a point. In each case, an integral functional is constructed cost, the argument in which is a function that describes the trajectory of the path. The Ritz method is used to find an approximate solution. It is set analytically, in the form of a trigonometric polynomial, which increases the convenience of processing and further research of the results obtained in comparison with the numerical solution of the necessary conditions for the extremum of the investigated functional. The paper also discusses the problem of convergence. Illustrative examples are given.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project N 23-21-00027;
https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-00027/

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: calculus of variations

value: optimization

value: Ritz method

value: trigonometric polynomial


dc.contributor.author

value: Bakanov, S. A.

value: Khlyzov, V. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bakanov S. A., Khlyzov V. E. ‘All-Union Housing Census of the USSR in 1960: Organization and Results’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 482–499. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.215 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the organizational forms of housing accounting in the USSR and analyzes the
results of the census and accounting of the housing stock of the USSR as of January 1, 1960. The article presents the criteria by which the Soviet leadership attributed a specific structure to a certain category of housing and also
took into account the degree of its convenience and amenities. Throughout the USSR, the census registered
12.2 million residential buildings with a living area of 659.1 million m2, in which 109.1 million people were settled.
In rural areas, the housing stock, being the personal property of citizens, was outside the census. The article
provides data on the number of floors of residential buildings, the materials of the walls, describes the qualitative
characteristics of housing and the provision of certain types of conveniences — sewerage, central heating, water
supply, gas. The authors also consider the issue of providing Soviet citizens with living space. They come to the
conclusion that the average space of 5.9 m2 per person is a rather approximate estimate since the standards for
the provision of living space were set by local councils depending on the complexity of the housing situation in
a particular city or district. These standards were necessary for the authorities to regulate housing queues. The
census’s figures reflected the appearance of the majority of Soviet cities, which by 1960 remained (with the exception
of capitals and some large cities) mostly wooden and one-storey, with small inclusions of stone blocks
built at the beginning of the twentieth century and the period of industrialization as well as panel new buildings of
the second half of the 1950s.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-28-20168 “Enterprise
and City in Late Soviet Society in 1950–1980s: Institutions, Actors and Practices of Interaction (on materials of
Chelyabinsk Oblast)”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

value: housing issue

value: USSR

value: housing policy

value: housing

value: mass housing construction

value: Khrushchev


dc.contributor.author

value: Berednikova, V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Berednikova V. “Emergency Measures Were Needed to Restore Order in the Yards and Apartments”: Housing in Leningrad during the War and Blockade, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 508–522. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.217 (In Russian)

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-28-00617, “‘The Forbidden
City’: Housing Policy in Leningrad in the 1940s”, https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-00617/

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Great Patriotic War

value: Blockade

value: Leningrad

value: urban economy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dashkovskiy, P. K.

value: Zibert, N. P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dashkovskiy P. K., Zibert N. P. ‘The Influence of Soviet Religious Policy on the Orthodox Communities in Western Siberia in the Late 1940s — Early 1950s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 470–481. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.214 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Based on the documents of the State Archive of the Altai Republic, the State Archive of the Novosibirsk
Region, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, the article examines the implementation of the confessional policy of the Soviet state in Western Siberia in the first post-war
years. Since the end of 1947, the state’s confessional policy had been gradually changing, as a result of which
the religious communities of the country were increasingly subjected to administrative pressure from the Soviet
authorities. During the registration procedure, believers faced numerous difficulties due to the unwillingness of
local authorities to have operating parishes on their territory. The Orthodox communities of Western Siberia were
no exception. In the territory under consideration in 1948–1953, multiple facts of administrative harassment by
regional authorities were recorded, which led to low church attendance and an increase in the number of religious
rites performed by believers at home. Often religious communities were placed in conditions under which
the further functioning of the parish became impossible. Therefore, believers were forced to stop using houses of
prayers. In addition, in the late 1940s — early 1950s, the functioning of churches was influenced by the processes
of migration of rural population to the city, as well as by social and socio-cultural transformations in Soviet villages,
as a result of which the population tried to avoid public visits to religious sites. The above factors led to an increase
in the activities of unregistered ministers of worship, around whom a permanent circle of believers was formed.
This, in turn, provoked the emergence of a large number of illegally functioning religious groups whose activities
could hardly be controlled by the Soviet authorities in Western Siberia.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 23-18-00117 “The influence
of the imperial policy of acculturation and the Soviet model of state-confessional relations on the position of religious
communities in the border regions and national autonomies of the Asian part of Russia”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Western Siberia

value: religious communities

value: Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church

value: Russian Orthodox Church

value: late Stalinism


dc.contributor.author

value: Shebalkov., S. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shebalkov S. V. ‘1918 between Penza and the Urals [Rev. on: Vasilchenko M. A. Czechoslovak Corps in the Struggle for the Volga Region (May — November 1918). Saratov, 2021]’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 500–507. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.216 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The review gives a detailed analysis of М. А. Vasilchenko’s monograph devoted to the problem of the
revolt against the Soviet power by the units of the Volga (Penza) group of the Czechoslovak Corps in spring —
autumn 1918. The theme of the Czechoslovak Corps’ revolt and its subsequent participation in the Russian Civil
War usually causes ambiguous reception. The author of the monograph skillfully used a wide range of sources,
including the materials in the Czech language. It enabled him to reconstruct the details of the military operations,
identify the features of the everyday life of Czechoslovak legionnaires, as well as the ways of their interaction with
anti-Bolshevik forces. In addition to the independent military operations of the Volga Group, the book describes
the joint actions of the Czechoslovak forces and the People’s Army of Komuch. Some aspects presented in the
monograph, for example, the procedure of the election of delegates to the first congress of the Czechoslovak
Corps in Cheliabinsk, were studied in detail for the first time. The key feature of M. A. Vasilchenko’s research is the
ambition to show the events through the perspective of the leadership of the Czechoslovak Corps, which determined
the specificity of the final conclusions. The author justifiably notes that the Volga Group didn’t instigate the
hostilities and points out that the Soviet government was also accountable for the unleashing of the revolt. The weaknesses of the research include the author’s insufficient coverage of the problem of Czechoslovak terror and
the interaction of legionnaires with the local population of the Volga cities. Despite some omissions, the monograph
makes a valuable contribution to the study of the Czechoslovak Corps’ revolt in the Middle Volga region.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Czechoslovak Corps

value: Czechoslovaks

value: Volga region

value: Komuch

value: Anti-Bolshevik forces

value: Soviet power

value: Civil War

value: Russia


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhabko, Nataliya A.

value: Karelin, Vladimir V.

value: Provotorov, Vyacheslav V.

value: Sergeev, Sergey M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhabko N. A., Karelin V. V., Provotorov V. V., Sergeev S. M. The method of penalty functions in the analysis of optimal control problems of Navier — Stokes evolutionary systems with a spatial variable in a network-like domain. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 162–175.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article considers the Navier — Stokes evolutionary differential system used in the mathematical description of the evolutionary processes of transportation of various types of liquids through network or main pipelines. The Navier—Stokes system is considered in Sobolev spaces, the elements of which are functions with carriers on n-dimensional networklike domains. These domains are a totality of a finite number of mutually non-intersecting subdomains connected to each other by parts of the surfaces of their boundaries like a graph (in applications these are the places of branching of pipelines). Two main questions of analysis are discussed: the weak solvability of the initial boundary value problem of the Navier — Stokes system and the optimal control of this system. The main method of research of weak solutions is the semidigitization of the input system by a time variable, that is the reduction of a differential system to a differential-difference system, and using a priori estimates for weak solutions of boundary value problems to prove the theorem of the existence of a solution of the input differential system. For the optimal control problem a minimizing functional (the penalty function) and a family of the approximate functional with parameters that characterize the “penalty” for failure to fulfill the equations of state of the system are introduced. At the same time, a special Hilbert space is created, the elements of which are pairs of functions that describe the state of the system and controlling actions. The convergence of the sequence of such functions to the optimal state of the system and its corresponding optimal control is proved. The latter essentially widen the possibilities of analysis of stationary and nonstationary network-like processes of hydrodynamics and optimal control of these processesd.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;volume 19

dc.subject

value: evolutionary Navier — Stokes system

value: network-like domain

value: solvability

value: optimal control

value: penalty functions

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Mustafin, Almaz T.

value: Kantarbayeva, Aliya K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mustafin A. T., Kantarbayeva A. K. Clearing function in the context of the invariant manifold method. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 185–198.

dc.description.abstract

value: Clearing functions (CFs), which express a mathematical relationship between the expected throughput of a production facility in a planning period and its workload (or work-inprogress, WIP) in that period have shown considerable promise for modeling WIP-dependent cycle times in production planning. While steady-state queueing models are commonly used to derive analytic expressions for CFs, the finite length of planning periods calls their validity into question. We apply a different approach to propose a mechanistic model for one-resource, one-product factory shop based on the analogy between the operation of machine and enzyme molecule. The model is reduced to a singularly perturbed system of two differential equations for slow (WIP) and fast (busy machines) variables, respectively. The analysis of this slow-fast system finds that CF is nothing but a result of the asymptotic expansion of the slow invariant manifold. The validity of CF is ultimately determined by how small is the parameter multiplying the derivative of the fast variable. It is shown that sufficiently small characteristic ratio ’working machines: WIP’ guarantees the applicability of CF approximation in unsteady-state operation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: work in progress

value: production model

value: quasi-steady-state approximation

value: singular perturbation

value: enzyme catalysis


dc.contributor.author

value: Qi, Dongfang

value: Bure, Vladimir M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Qi D., Bure V. M. Research of investment attractiveness based on cluster analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 199–211.

dc.description.abstract

value: The continued economic development of various countries or regions has resulted in increased competition in global markets, leading to a concentration of investors and skilled labour in locations with high investment attractiveness. The investment attractiveness of a given country or region is determined by its investment potential and risk, which are characterized by a combination of various significant factors.This paper seeks to develop an econometric model to estimate the amount of investment in fixed capital in a specific region, taking into consideration the linear relationship between the observed results, in order to determine the main conditions that are necessary for achieving stable and high economic growth. These conditions include the acceleration of investment activity and the implementation of major national reforms to ensure the effectiveness of the investment process. To assess the overall influence of the financial and economic indicators studied on the volume of investment, multiple regression analysis was utilized as the primary mathematical tool of the study. Furthermore, assumptions were made regarding the rank of the observations. To validate this hypothesis, a cluster analysis was conducted, grouping the observations into four clusters based on their results, depending on the volume of investment or the geographical characteristics of the region.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: investment attractiveness

value: cluster analysis

value: hierarchical regression model

value: multiple regression models

value: correlation analysis

value: least squares method


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorov, Alexey V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorov A. V. Razumikhin approach in the generalized Myshkis problem for systems with distributed delay. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 148–161.

dc.description.abstract

value: The paper gives sufficient conditions for the solvability of the generalized Myshkis problem for a system of equations with a distributed time-varying delay and a constant kernel. Conditions on the kernel which guarantee the uniform stability of the system for any admissible delay are obtained. The admissible delay in this paper is a piecewise continuous function bounded from above in magnitude and growth rate. The applicability of the obtained conditions is illustrated by two examples.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project N 21-71-00052).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 2

value: time-delay system

value: stability

value: distributed delay

value: generalized Myshkis problem

value: Razumikhin approach

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kvasnov, Anton V.

value: Baranenko, Anatoliy A.

value: Butyrsky, Evgeniy Y.

value: Zaranik, Uliana P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kvasnov A. V., Baranenko A. A., Butyrsky E. Y., Zaranik U. P. On the influence of the cental trend on the nature of the density distribution of maximum entropy in machine learning. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 176–184.

dc.description.abstract

value: The principle of maximum entropy (ME) has a number of advantages that allow it to be used in machine learning. The density distribution of maximum entropy (WEO) requires solving the problem of calculus of variations on the a priori distribution, where the central tendency can be used as a parameter. In Lebesgue space, the central tendency is described by the generalized Gelder average. The paper shows the evolution of the density of the ME distribution depending on the given norm of the average. The minimum Kulback — Leibler divergence between the WEO and the a prior density is achieved at the harmonic mean, which is effective in reducing the dimensionality of the training sample. At the same time, this leads to a deterioration in the function of loss in the conditions of machine learning by precedents.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: maximum entropy principle

value: maximum entropy distribution

value: central trend

value: generalized average

value: machine learning


dc.contributor.author

value: Orekhov, Andrey V.

value: Orekhov, Aleksey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Orekhov A. V., Orekhov A. A. Network traffic anomalies automatic detection in DDoS attacks. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 251–263.

dc.description.abstract

value: Distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS attacks) are intrusions into computing systems of the Internet. Their purpose is to make systems of the Internet inaccessible for users. DDoS attack consist of sending many requests to a certain resource at the same time. As a result, the server cannot withstand the network load. In such situation, a provider must determine the moment when attack begins and change the traffic management strategy. Detection of the beginning of a DDoS attack is possible by using unsupervised machine learning methods and sequential statistical analysis of network activity. To activate that, convenient to use mathematical models based on discrete random processes with monotonically increasing trajectories. Random functions, which are represented in the correspondence between generalized time and the cumulative sum of network traffic or the correspondence between the total number of incoming packets and the cumulative sum of packets processed, change their type of increasing from linear to non-linear. In the first case, to parabolic or exponential, in the second case to logarithmic or arctangent. To determine the moment when the type of increasing is going to change, one can use quadratic forms of approximation-estimation tests as statistical rules.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: traffic strategy

value: DDoS attack

value: unsupervised machine learning

value: sequential statistical analysis

value: Markov moment

value: least squares method


dc.contributor.author

value: Kurbatova, Galina I.

value: Klemeshev, Vladimir A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kurbatova G. I., Klemeshev V. A. Identification of low and medium intensity gas leakage location in medium and ultra-high pressure gas pipelines. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 218–232.

dc.description.abstract

value: An efficient method for calculating the location of stationary gas leakage in wells and gas pipelines with medium and ultra-high pressures is presented. An algorithm for constructing the dependence of the compressibility factor of the gas mixture with a predominance of methane in the region of ultra-high pressures based on experimental data of pressure and temperature is proposed. The algorithm for calculating the leakage location is based on the Bellman method of quasi-linearization of nonlinear problems, with an additional hypothesis of the linear dependence of pressure and temperature on the leakage location coordinates used at each iteration. The issue of selecting the initial approximation is considered, and the advantage of calculating the initial approximation using a simplified non-isothermal flow model is justified. Examples of solving practical problems of high interest are given, and the high accuracy of calculating the gas leakage location using the proposed algorithm in gas pipelines with medium pressures (around 9 MPa) and ultra-high pressures (around 20 MPa) for small and medium gas leaks is demonstrated.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: leakage location

value: gas pipelines

value: ultra-high pressures

value: equations of state

value: compressibility coefficient

value: mathematical models

value: parameter identification method

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rego, Grigorij E.

value: Voronov, Roman V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rego G. E., Voronov R. V. Dynamic path planning algorithm for autonomous mobile robot with a minimum number of turns in unknown environment. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 264–274.

dc.description.abstract

value: The article is devoted to the problem of reactive navigation of a mobile robot with limited information about the environment. An algorithm for finding a path from source to the target with a minimum number of turns is described. The idea of the algorithm is based on the bug family of algorithms for reactive navigation. The mobile robot remembers the boundaries of obstacles and calculates the angle of rotation depending on the surrounding situation. The difference from bug algorithms is that the robot does not move “along the obstacle”, but turns only in a limited number of cases. The results of testing the algorithm on simulated polygons are presented. Models of fallen trees, stumps and swamps were considered as obstacles. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by comparing the minimum possible number of turns with the number of turns in the path obtained using the algorithm.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: path planning

value: mobile robot

value: reactive navigation


dc.contributor.author

value: Kalinina, Elizaveta A.

value: Kamachkin, Alexander M.

value: Stepenko, Nikolai A.

value: Tamasyan, Grigoriy Sh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalinina E. A., Kamachkin A. M., Stepenko N. A., Tamasyan G. Sh. On the question of a constructive controllability criterion. Pt I. Cyclic invariant subspaces. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 283–299.

dc.description.abstract

value: The rank of the Kalman’s controllability matrix of linear systems depends on the bases of the invariant cyclic subspaces of the state matrix generated by the columns of the input matrix. The case of the Jordan form of the state matrix and scalar control is studied in detail. It is shown that the dimension of cyclic subspaces is determined by the index numbers of the first non-zero elements of the coordinate blocks of the columns of the input matrix. The formation of the bases of these subspaces is completely disclosed. Based on this, the basis of the space of a constructive control system is constructed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The results of Section 4 were obtained in the Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering,
Russian Academy of Sciences with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (project N 20-71-10032).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: controllability

value: system structure

value: cyclic invariant subspaces


dc.contributor.author

value: Mazalov, Vladimir V.

value: Khitraya, Vitalia A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mazalov V. V., Khitraya V. A. Graph vertices ranking using absolute potentials of electric circuit nodes. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 233–250.

dc.description.abstract

value: A method for ranking the vertices of a graph based on Kirchhoff’s laws for determining the potentials of an electrical network is proposed. The graph is represented as an electrical network, where the edge weights are interpreted as electrical conductivities. Next, the current is supplied to one of the vertices, and the absolute potentials of all vertices are determined by the Kirchhoff method. Based on the obtained potential values, the vertices are ranked. Then the current is sequentially applied to all vertices and the ranking is performed each time. For the final ranking, it is proposed to apply the ranking procedure based on the tournament matrix. The operation of the ranking algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples related to graphs of specific transport networks.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant N 22-11-20015), conducted jointly with the authorities of the Republic of Karelia, and the Venture Investment Fund of the
Republic of Karelia.

value: graph

value: centrality measure

value: ranking procedure

value: Kirchhoff’s circuit laws

value: transportation network

value: electrical circuit model

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Baskov, Oleg V.

value: Potapov, Dmitriy K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baskov O. V., Potapov D. K. Control and perturbation in Sturm — Liouville’s problem with discontinuous nonlinearity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 275–282.

dc.description.abstract

value: We consider the Sturm — Liouville problem with discontinuous nonlinearity, control and perturbation. Previously obtained results for equations with a spectral parameter and a discontinuous operator are applied to this problem. By the variational method, we have established theorems on the existence of solutions to the Sturm — Liouville problem with discontinuous nonlinearity and to the optimal control problem, as well as on topological properties of the set of the acceptable “control — state” pairs. A one-dimensional analog of the Gol’dshtik model for separated flows of an incompressible fluid with control and perturbation is given as an application.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation {project N 23-21-00069),
https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-21-00069/

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes;Volume 19; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Sturm—Liouville’s problem

value: discontinuous nonlinearity

value: control problems

value: variational method

value: Gol’dshtik’s model


dc.contributor.author

value: Egorov, Nikolay V.

value: Karpov, Andrey G.

value: Sobolev, Sergey P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Egorov N. V., Karpov A. G., Sobolev S. P. Mathematical methods for analyzing the results of investigation of dielectric. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes, 2023, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 212–217.

dc.description.abstract

value: One of the most informative methods for studying dielectric materials is the analysis of their polarization and depolarization processes. The most suitable representation is the dielectric diagram in the complex plane (Argand diagram). Often, the dielectric diagram is represented as a collection of intersecting parts of circles, at least for preprocessing. The paper proposes means of modeling the dielectric diagram by means of a set of parts of circles.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: dielectric diagram

value: part of a circle


dc.contributor.author

value: Kropachev, Nikolay M.

value: Shmonin, Dmitry V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kropachev N. M., Shmonin D. V. Values in education and modern university. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 208–223. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the value-worldview aspect of modern university education.
The “mass university” of the last quarter of the 20th — early 21st centuries, which set
itself the underestimated task of “providing educational services” for the formation of a society
of “qualified consumers”, practically ignored the classical experience of transferring knowledge
associated with the spiritual education of the personality of an intellectual, the formation
of his worldview. The Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of
Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values, put into effect in 2022 by the Decree of the
President of Russia, require overcoming this defect of the modern educational paradigm and
bringing its parameters to adequate traditions and modern realities of the social norm. The
authors of the article dedicate that in accordance with the list of the main traditional Russian
values given in the documents of the strategic development of Russia, it is necessary to portray
the image of a university graduate in the middle of the 21st century as a highly qualified
specialist with critical thinking, historical memory and a broad cultural horizon. For this,
among other things, it is necessary to solve an interdisciplinary task: to bring the most important
value and worldview concepts into the normative system, to make the list generally
understandable and generally accepted for all participants in the processes of education and
upbringing. This should be work involving specialists in various fields of knowledge, including
philologists, lawyers, educators, philosophers, cultural and political scientists, sociologists
and, no doubt, theologians. The theology of Christianity and other traditional religions ads
the deepest and most complete source of value worldview. Therefore, according to the authors of the article, basic theological principles should become a necessary element of education in
a modern Russian university.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: education

value: university

value: values

value: norm

value: religion

value: theology

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dorofeev, Daniil Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dorofeev D. Yu. Wanderers of Russian roads: Images of folk religiosity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 340–354. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.210 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the philosophical, theological and religious significance
of the Wandering in Russian Orthodox culture, primarily as a unique image of folk religiosity.
The author considers the concept of ‘Wanderer’ as one of the fundamental concepts in Russian
culture. Its multiple meanings and semantic heterogeneity are revealed and analyzed both in
European and domestic cultures; for this, in particular, the author refers to the experience of
European and especially Russian literature of the 19th–20th centuries, in which a polysemantic
image of a wanderer appears. The author is indicated value of visual image of Wanderer is
studied in more detail in Russian painting of the 19th century. The valuable material on the
cultural characteristics of Russian Wandering was collected by S. V. Maksimov in the second
half of the 19th century. The main attention is directed to the image of Wanderer in the religious
and philosophical perspective of Russian Orthodoxy. The author refers to the Christian
origins of the image of Wanderer. The specificity of Wanderer’s attitude to the world, his existence,
other people, God is specified, as well as the connection of the concept of Wandering
with the principles of Hesychasm. The author draws a special attention to the importance of
good looks and tenderness as important characteristics of the image of Wanderer. Through
an appeal to the traditions of Christology and patristic Orthodoxy, Hesychasm and eldership,
the writings Russian literature, the anonymous author of ‘Frank Stories of a Wanderer to His
Spiritual Father’, Russian painting of the 19th century, and modern Orthodox religious and
philosophical thought, the author of the article is to reveal the unique meaning of the image
of Wanderer and emphasize its special meaning-forming role for Russian Orthodox culture.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project no. 20-011-
00385a: “The iconography of ancient and medieval philosophers in Orthodox churches: the specificity of the
visual representation of man in Russian culture.”

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Russian wanderer

value: road

value: image

value: Philokalia

value: Hesychasm

value: eldership

value: Orthodox religious philosophy


dc.contributor.author

value: Lvov, Alexander A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lvov A. A. The projects of doctrine of worldview in the light of lingua-cultural analysis. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 261– 273. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper proposes a diachronic study of the worldview phenomenon by the means of linguaconceptual
analysis, together with genealogical method. The study consists of three issues. First,
to compare the cultural and linguistic specifications of worldview problematic in German, Russian,
and Anglo-American philosophical cultures. Further, to discover disciplinary intersections
of those branches of knowledge, in which these doctrines of worldview are in demand. Finally,
to compare the status of such doctrines in current philosophy, taking into account the prevailing
epistemological attitudes in the German-, Russian- and English-language traditions. The
identified similarities and differences in the ideas about the essence and tasks of the doctrine of
worldview will make it possible either to assert that worldview problematic fits into the historical
and philosophical perspective as a unit-idea, or to disprove it. Among the similarities identified
in these philosophical cultures, it should be noted: shaping of an integrative system of views, including
elements of both “scientific” and “non-scientific” philosophy; combination of the logical
set of argumentations with the creative freedom of research; rethinking the principle of self-care
by creating a holistic conceptual picture of the world. The latter includes not only axiological
and anthropological identification strategies, but also the substantiation of the starting positions
on which these pictures of the world are built. The revealed differences concern the discursive
practices that substantiate these pictures of the world. Those practices are: scientific, traditional
(including religious), linguistic (including communicative), and they can also intertwine each
other. An analysis of modern authors’ doctrines of worldview shows the relevance of worldview
issues in the perspective of the “perennial philosophy” project. At the same time, the current
paper demonstrates that the modern doctrines of worldview can be conceptually considered as
a way of understanding and criticism of modern culture.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation
(project “The Newest Tendencies of the Development of the Humanities and Social Sciences in the Context
of the Process of Digitalization and Novel Social Challenges and Threats: An Interdisciplinary Approach”,
agreement no. 075-15-2020-798).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

value: worldview

value: doctrine of worldview

value: lingua-cultural analysis care of self

value: perennial philosophy


dc.contributor.author

value: Lewin, Michael

value: Chaly, Vadim A.

value: Lugovoy, Sergey V.

value: Kornilaev, Leonid Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lewin M., Chaly V. A., Lugovoy S. V., Kornilaev L. Yu. History of Perspectivism and the status of Perspectivist concepts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 249–260. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In recent decades, Perspectivism has developed into an epistemological research program
claiming its independence. This autonomy stems from Perspectivism’s potential ability to resolve
the contradictions between realist and constructivist programs. Perspectivism is based
on the idea that the object depends on perspective, which constitutes any subjective attempt
to cognize it. Perspectivists reconstruct and explain the factors involved in the formation of
perspective, identifying the conditionality of epistemic acts, using concepts such as “position”,
“point of view”, “view”, “angle”, “horizon”, “focus”, “picture”, “context”, “aspect”, etc. Although
these concepts are part of the Perspectivist’s toolkit, their meanings and interrelation have so
far been taken for granted and have not yet been critically and comprehensively analyzed. The
purpose of this article is to take steps toward clarifying the conceptual basis for defending
Perspectivism as an epistemological program. Once consistently uncovered and correlated in
a conceptual model, Perspectivist concepts can be used as a tool for a detailed analysis of theories,
positions, and beliefs. The article begins with a preliminary description of the concept
of Perspectivism and its brief history as an epistemological program. In particular, the first
modern attempts to outline Perspectivist epistemology are described in the works of F. Kaulbach
(1990), W. Stegmaier (2008), and M. Massimi (2017, 2020). The problem of identifying
the special a priori status of Perspectivist notions as a strategy for justifying the autonomy of
Perspectivism is then posed. A method for demonstrating such a status, based on Kant’s transcendentalism
and P. Strawson’s descriptive metaphysics, is then suggested.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-28-02041, https://rscf.
ru/project/22-28-02041/, project “Perspectivism as an Epistemological Program”, Immanuel Kant Baltic
Federal University (IKBFU), Kaliningrad.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: epistemology

value: Perspectivism

value: epistemic situatedness

value: perspectival concepts

value: transcendental argument

value: descriptive metaphysics

value: a priori

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kalajtzidis, Ján

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalajtzidis J. Jonáš Záborský — ethical-philosophical thoughts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 239–248. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.203

dc.description.abstract

value:
The main aim of the submitted paper is to present the relationship of Jonáš Záborský to philosophy,
religion and to everyday ethical-social issues. All these aspects are closely interconnected
in his work. Even though Záborský stood aside from the main Slovak national movement
of the 19th century, his work is intrinsically linked to the struggle associated with this
turbulent period of Slovak history. Záborský is described by many authors as the most prominent
figure on the field of morality during the 19th century in our cultural space. Such affirmative
judgement is mostly based on his work ‘The Wisdom of Life in Temple Speech’. This work is
used to examine the aims of the presented paper. Although it is impossible to characterize his
relationship to philosophy and the connection between philosophy and religion explicitly, the
present paper describes changes in this field during his life. At the same time, the paper presents
the practicality of Záborský’s thinking. We demonstrate his struggle and effort to help his
nation and to help common people through education and day-to-day work. In this context,
the article briefly presents his (moral) attitudes towards such issues as work, usury, lending,
and justice. In the context of these social issues with strong moral connotation, the present
paper shows how Záborský’s life attitude connects love for the nation with the necessity of
education. At the same time, the paper uses these issues as an example to demonstrate how, in
Záborský’s understanding, material improvement can be connected to moral improvement.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper was supported by KEGA project 013PU-4/2019 E-learning module of the course History
of Ethical Thinking in Slovakia II. (2nd half of the 18th century — until 1918).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Jonáš Záborský

value: philosophy

value: ethics

value: social

value: justice

value: usury

value: nation


dc.contributor.author

value: Belozyorov, Sergey A.

value: Sokolovska, Elena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belozyorov S. A., Sokolovska О. Ethical dilemma of economic sanctions as an external threat. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 303–321. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article aims to identify the current approaches that enable to resolve the ethical dilemma
of economic sanctions, treated as a contradiction between the goals and consequences of imposing
sanctions as an alternative to war and an instrument of an external threat. We consider
the standard definition of economic sanctions as restrictions imposed by sender state,
associated with worsening of current economic conditions in target country, aimed to force
the ruling regime of the latter to change its domestic political course and/or foreign policy.
The research methods include general scientific methods, comparative historical analysis and
cross-country comparative analysis; elements of political and legal analysis; systematic literature
review. The moral permissibility of sanctions had been reflected in the ethical dilemma of
economic sanctions: the choice of sanctions as an alternative to war and an instrument of an
external threat that has a potential positive impact on the policy of target country, and potential
negative humanitarian consequences for the civilian population that can offset the positive
results that the sender associates with a change in target country’s policy. The new paradigm in
sanctions policy based on the replacement of comprehensive sanctions with targeted ones can
be considered as an attempt to resolve such dilemma. We analyze the main background of this
new model. We determine that the analysis of sanctions’ compliance with just war principles
is essential in arguing their moral and ethical permissibility. In addition, we classify main approaches
studying the moral permissibility of economic sanctions within the framework of
just war theory. As a conclusion, we reveal that the application of just war principles as such
to assess the moral permissibility of economic sanctions is debatable, and further research
should be focused on choice and use of methodological tools that are more appropriate to the
economic nature of sanctions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study “Improvement of Insurance Coverage of the Population under Biological Threat”
was funded by Saint Petersburg State University, Pure ID: 104915901.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: economic sanctions

value: external threat

value: morality

value: just war

value: combatants

value: noncombatants

value: doctrine of double effect

value: humanitarian consequences


dc.contributor.author

value: Sokolov, Boris G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sokolov B. G. The post-apocalypse and the post-history. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 274–288. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the modern consciousness, they keep the “classical” historicity and eschatology taking the
form of post-historicity and post-apocalypticism. Such a state of historicity can be recorded
in models of the consideration of the historical process and the expectation of the end of history,
both in the works of modern authors and at the level of “everyday” practices that use and
exploit the history and the figure of the Apocalypse. It is worth noting that modern expectations
of the Apocalypse are no longer so tragic, and the historical process is built in the logic
of the “end of history”. All this makes it possible to label the current situation as a situation of
post-historicism and post-Apocalypse of post-information society. This article suggests both
the identification of the main positions and genesis of historicism in modern concepts of history.
The analysis itself is conducted not from the standpoint of the “adequacy” or “falsity”
of the proposed concepts, but from the standpoint of identifying the structure and historical
dimension of the author’s consciousness in the concepts to be considered. From this point of
view, the concepts of the modern authors considered in the article are a reflection of the new
post-historicity of the “post-informational” consciousness., The author of the article considers
historicism in the works of modern thinkers J. Baudrillard and Fr. Fukuyama as examples of
modern post-historicity and its differences from the “classical” historicism and eschatology.
The historical concepts of Fukuyama and Baudrillard reflect the current state of historicism,
which can be labeled as post-historicism, which still retains the former “nostalgia” for history,
no longer fixes in modernity, despite the increasing speed of change and the growth of society
into a global cluster post-industrial society, cardinal development and actors who are able to
realize this development.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was supported by a grant of Russian Science Foundation, project no. 21-18-00174 “Historicism
as a paradigm of the Humanities”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: post-apocalypse

value: post-history

value: historicism

value: Fukuyama

value: Baudrillard

value: history of consciousness

value: New European culture

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bertova, Anna D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bertova A. D. Polemics on the incompatibility of Christianity with patriotism in Japan at the end of the 19th century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 393–405. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.214 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article aims at analyzing the course of the anti-Christian polemics at the end of the 19th
century, and its influence upon the Christian community in Japan. The end of the 19th century
turned to be quite difficult for Japanese Christians. Promulgation of the conservative Meiji
Constitution in 1889 and the Imperial Edict on Education in 1890 marked the end of the liberal
reforms and the shift to nationalistic and militarist policy in Japan. This period was characterized
by anti-Christian bashing, when Christians were accused of the lack of patriotism
and loyalty to the Emperor and the government, espionage, and attempts to overturn Japanese
traditional ways. These accusations put Japanese Christians in a predicament and made them
prove their innocence, their point of view and tenets of their religion in the eyes of the authorities,
which eventually lead to a furious argument between the two sides — Christian and non-
Christian communities, the latter being presented mainly by Buddhist intelligentsia, of which
Inoue Enryo and Inoue Tetsujiro were the most famous. This conflict resulted in extremely
painful consequences for Japanese Christians, who had to conform and support expansionist
policy of the authorities thereof.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Japan

value: Christian Church

value: patriotism

value: nationalism

value: state Shintoism

value: loyalty

value: Confucianism


dc.contributor.author

value: Shatkin, Maxim A.

value: Orlov, Mikhail O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shatkin M. A., Orlov M. O. Internet of Behavior: Types, models, principles. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 368–380. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.212 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article presents a general view and conceptualization of the Internet of Behavior from
a social science perspective. The Internet of Behavior (IoB) is defined as a technology for
machine monitoring, recognizing, and responding to human behavior (including emotion
expression and biometrics). Based on the analysis of a typical case in higher education, the
article forms the conceptual outline of social research on IoB by highlighting the types, possible
models, and principles of IoB implementation. The study identifies three models of IoB:
binary (based on checking the compliance of an individual’s behavior with the norm and his
or her identification), medical (based on determining the physiological causes of certain human
actions), and social (focused on identifying the features of human social behavior in
addressing professional or other public problems). Monitoring, summarizing, and evaluating
students’ social behavior potentially allows the implementation of new models of interaction
between universities, employers, and students, based on the digitization and monetization
of student engagement in learning and the responsibility of universities for the demand for
graduates. The implementation of these models will lead to a profound transformation of
higher education, including the digital servitization of education, the reduction of the established
gap between knowledge and the social interactions associated with the generation,
translation, and assimilation of this knowledge, and the inclusion of individual social behavior
associated with professional knowledge in the list of those aspects of society that are subject to
digitization and monetization. The basic principles of social IoB, without observance of which
this technology can lead to anti-human consequences, are defined: privacy, multivalency of
interpretation, continuity, relevance, and reflexivity.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

value: Internet of Behavior

value: digitalization

value: digital transformation

value: digital servitization

value: privacy

value: education


dc.contributor.author

value: Astapov, Sergey N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Astapov S. N. Arguments for the existence of God: The discourse of Russian religious philosophy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 381–392. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.213 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the topic of arguments of the existence of God in the works of Russian religious
philosophers of the second half of the 19th — the first half of the 20th century. This topic
is found in the discourse of Russian religious philosophy in three variants: putting forward
arguments for the existence of God, analysis of Kant’s criticism of the proofs for the existence
of God, statements about the meaninglessness of the proofs for religious consciousness. In
all variants, there is an inextricable connection between Russian philosophers’ argumentation
and their metaphysical propositions. The discourse of Russian religious philosophy itself
should be considered a way of contextual demonstration of the significance of metaphysical
propositions for religious consciousness. The topic was not only a moment of strengthening
the epistemological status of religious knowledge in relation to scientific knowledge, but it had
also the importance of philosophizing to form religious worldview. Using the examples of the
analysis of both the proofs of the existence of God and their criticism, which is found in the
works by S. N. Bulgakov, V. I. Nesmelov, V. S. Solovyov, E. N. Trubetskoy, B. N. Chicherin, and
S. L. Frank, the pragmatics of their discourse is revealed — it was aimed not at finding some
new ways to substantiate the existence of God with rational means, but at substantiating the
necessity of religious faith for the human reason — the faith is not only the main element of religious
consciousness, but also a metaphysical principle of cognition of God. The study of the
contexts of the appeal of Frank and other Russian philosophers to the topic of the ontological
argument leads to the conclusion that such an appeal was associated with the demonstration
of the relevance of their metaphysical constructions with the Christian religion.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: arguments for the existence of God

value: metaphysics

value: religious discourse

value: religious experience

value: religious faith

value: Russian religious philosophy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dudchik, Andrei Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dudchik А. Partisans go cyber: The hacker ethic and partisans’ legacy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 322–339. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.209

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the role of hackers and hacktivists in modern hybrid conflicts, in particular
the ‘localization’ patterns of hackerism, by focusing on the case of the Belarusian hacker
group Cyber Partisans. The study shows the significance of the partisan movement for modern
Belarusian identity and historical memory and discusses the attempts of appropriation
of this topic by various political actors. The comparison between hacktivism and partisan
warfare holds a certain heuristic potential, making it possible to build conceptual categories
for the analysis of the hacktivists’ practices and their ethical norms. Parallels may be drawn
between the hackers and partisans (along with more common analogies with the pirates and
‘social bandits’) to gain a better understanding of the historical and ideological roots of the
hacker movement in the ethical sphere. One of the most famous interpretations of the concept
partisan belongs to the German jurist and political theorist Carl Schmitt, whose approach accentuates
the partisan’s connection with the local territory (the telluric nature of the partisan).
An interesting way to compare the hacker and partisan ethic is to look at both of them from
the game-related perspective. For example, the situations described in the ‘partisan’ literature
have much in common with the prisoner’s dilemma — a popular game theory paradox. These
situations of moral choice foster a particular kind of subjectivity which is closely entwined
with keeping true and remaining loyal, a subjectivity that is apt to handle certain information
with discretion and care. The study explores the heuristic potential of the concept nomos for
the analysis of the partisan ethic and hacker ethic. The proposed concept nomos of the swamp
develops Karl Schmitt’s ideas and can be applied to reveal the specifics of the partisan activity
in Belarus and to analyze partisanship in connection to the historical and modern forms of
‘partisan’ hacktivism.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The research is supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 20-18-00240).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: hacker

value: hacktivist

value: partisan

value: cyberpartisan

value: hacker’s ethic

value: partisan ethic

value: nomos

value: Belarus


title: Moral culture and social tension

dc.contributor.author

value: Artemov, George P.

value: Pinkevich, Anna G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Artemov G. P., Pinkevich A. G. Moral culture and social tension. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 289–302. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the influence of the moral culture of the Russian population on social
tension. Moral culture is considered as a system of interpersonal attitudes that characterize
the ability of members of a social community to maintain relationships of mutual trust, mutual
respect and mutual assistance. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the All-
Russian surveys conducted by the Institute for Comparative Social Research (CESSI) within
the framework of the Russian Social Research under the European Social Research Program
in 2006 and 2018. As indicators of moral culture are used variables that reflect the cautious or
trusting attitude of respondents to most people; an assessment of the self-serving or honest
attitude of most people to respondents; an assessment by respondents of the ratio of people
focused on caring only for themselves or helping others. Variables that reflect negative assessments
by respondents of the state of economic, social, political etc., as well as negative assessments
of the impact of immigrants on the different spheres of life in countries are considered as indicators of social tension. Based on the use of statistical methods of data analysis, it was
found that negative assessments of the state of spheres of life and the influence of immigrants
on these spheres are less characteristic of respondents who trust the majority of people, are
confident in the honesty of most people and their desire to help each other. A comparative
analysis of changes in indicators of moral culture and social tension in the period from 2006 to
2018 in the country as a whole and in individual federal districts of the country shows that an
increase of the value of moral culture indicators is accompanied by a decrease in the value of
the social tension considered indicators.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation. Project no. 19-18-00115, https://rscf.
ru/project/19-18-00115.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: moral culture

value: social tension

value: risks

value: indicators of moral culture

value: indicators of social tension

value: social solidarity

dc.title

value: Moral culture and social tension


dc.contributor.author

value: Fu, Le

value: Li, Jingcheng

value: Dai, Yonghong

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fu L., Li J., Dai Y. Transformation and development of digital literary criticism in China. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 355– 367. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.211

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article analyses the digital literary criticism, which got rid of the obsession of academic
Babylon in the field of literary criticism in the 1980s and revealed a more diverse field of voice,
inspiring endless possibilities of variation in the transformative stage of criticism. The advent
of the Internet has created a participatory field for literary criticism and a platform to weaken
the distinction between identity and power. Equality disrupts the validity of authority and the
structure of the knowledge circle, which is also the reason why digital literary criticism has
a certain degree of carnivalesque traits. The authors believe that literary criticism in a digital
context is no longer obsessed with the confusion of history and the uncertainty of time. While
capturing the pulse of globalisation, it at the same time ardently embraces the value of desire
endowed by consumer culture. The article points out that Chinese literary criticism in the
new era is a product of the construction of multidimensional relations in a digital context,
which sheds the shackles of historical context and rushes into the age of digitalisation. With
the rapid flow of consumption, a very open, inclusive, and complex space of media discourse
has emerged. The results of the study show that a group of numerous critics belonging to
the postmodernist perspective is forming in the digital world. The authors conclude that in
the confrontation between tradition and modernity, in the complex interweaving of elitist
consciousness and mass consumption, in the struggle for discursive position between media
and literature, digital literary criticism differs from traditional in terms of aesthetic standards,
criticism style, criticism language and media platform, creating the macro future development
of Chinese literary criticism with its independent attitude, revolutionary impulse and irresistible
courage.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: philosophy of literature

value: digital context

value: digital literary criticism

value: transformation

value: literary studies

dc.type

value: Article


title: Guest editor's note

dc.contributor.author

value: Thomas, Philip J.

value: Puder, Markus G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Thomas, Philip J., Puder Markus G. 2023. Guest editors’ note. Pravovedenie 67 (2): 113–114.

dc.description.abstract

value: Guest editor's note

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 67; Issue 2


dc.contributor.author

value: Ashilova, Madina S.

value: Begalinov, Alibek S.

value: Begalinova, Kalimash K.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ashilova M. S., Begalinov A. S., Begalinova K. K. Philosophical analysis of the prospects of higher education. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 2023, vol. 39, issue 2, pp. 224–238. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The role of universities under the influence of the massification of higher education, the development
of the educational market and globalization is rapidly changing. In foresight research,
the ideas of the future of the university range from the traditional model, in which universities
continue to develop a full and critically thinking personality, to the idea of complete oblivion
of universities, thrown overboard of history by massive online courses. At present, the main
ideas of universities are in sharp conflict with each other. The conflict can lead either to the
synthesis of ideas and the development of an updated model, or to the complete degradation
of universities and their disappearance from human life. What are the prospects for higher
education we take as the main goal of our research. The main methods of this foresight research
are a descriptive method of future scenarios for the development of universities, as well
as a philosophical analysis of each of the presented ideas of universities. The results provide
an overview of the research literature, a description of the main models of universities, and
a philosophical analysis of these models. The red line in the works of modern researchers is
the idea of whether the modern university can transform, continue to fulfill its high social
mission, move away from the market and break with neoliberal ambitions. At the same time,
specialists offer their recipes for reforming universities, most of which consist in returning the
lost humanistic, fundamental, spiritual foundations to higher education. This study will complement
ideas about the future of higher education, the transformation of universities under
the influence of globalization, market capitalism, and other factors. Its results will be useful
to teachers of higher educational institutions, philosophers of education and everyone who is
interested in the problems of higher education.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was written as part of the research project AP09058341 "Transformation of values of
the Kazakhstani system of higher education in the conditions of a multicultural and globalizing world,"
implemented by the research group of Kazakh Abylai Khan University of International Relations and
World Languages with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of
Kazakhstan in 2021-2023.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: philosophy of education

value: neoliberalism

value: classical university

value: online courses

value: transformation of education

value: crisis of values


dc.contributor.author

value: Jhering, Rudolf

dc.identifier.citation

value: Jhering, Rudolf. 2023. The element of fault in Roman private law. Pravovedenie 67 (2): 216–257. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
R. von Jhering’s 1867 work Das Schuldmoment im römischen Privatrecht, translated hereby
into Russian, is still recommended in basic textbooks on German civil law marked “grundlegend”,
which means “fundamental”. And indeed, despite the significant complication of the legal
material on this issue since its publication, the work contains fundamental ideas from which one
can depart in various directions, but which it is absolutely impossible and unacceptable for an
educated lawyer to pass by. From a didactic point of view, the work is remarkable in terms of
the accessibility of the language, the clarity of ideas and the illustrative nature of the material
supporting them. The work of R. von Jhering, despite its relative brevity, is a full-fledged study
and, undoubtedly, is one of the outstanding monuments of legal scholarship not only of the 19th
century and Germany alone, but of all time for the whole world. It shows the path that the legal
system must overcome from the unsophisticated ancient legal forms to an impartial assessment
of what causes the greatest irritation in any person — the wrong committed against him.
What is fundamentally important in the work is not that R. von Jhering explained what was already
known, but how this work can help not to lose such important ethical values as the principle
of guilt, proportionality of punishment, individual assessment of behavior on the further path
of development. And much more. It seems that many readers, after reading the work, realize
that their ideas about civil liability are much closer to Ihering’s description of ancient law, since
the guilt component often goes far into the background compared to the idea that the injured
person should be restored in property terms.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: fault

value: private liability

value: damages

value: tort

value: punishment

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Khuzziatov, Arthur A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khuzziatov, Arthur A. 2023. Contract with open terms in Scotland: A comparative legal perspective. Pravovedenie 67 (2): 174–202. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on contracts with open terms, that is, contracts in which the parties deliberately
leave one or more terms open for future negotiations or unilateral supplementation by one
of the parties (or a third party). In our paper, we refer to contracts with open terms in which an
open term is subject to negotiations. Such contracts are not recognised by most jurisdictions
(including as being too vague), but the Scottish legal system is sometimes argued to be an
exception. In attempting to confirm this claim, it is found that the device called “a contract with
open terms” is unknown to Scottish law, so a special comparative legal method is proposed to
find an analogue on the Scottish “legal map”. This approach reveals that contracts with open
terms in Scotland are concealed under several different names (most notably “agreement to
agree”). It shows that although there is no uniform and consistent approach to such contracts,
there are three tests which the courts use to answer the central question about such contracts,
namely whether a contract with open terms is enforceable: the test for the essentiality of an
open term, the test for whether an open term can be objectively implemented and the test for
whether the parties have an intention to create legal relations. This analysis is accompanied by
a comparative commentary describing how similar issues are dealt with in the UNIDROIT Principles
and in another (besides Scotland) jurisdiction to which recognition of contracts with open
terms is attributed, namely Russia. On the basis of the research carried out, a preferred order
of application of the tests is proposed. The study of the topic is also preceded by a reference to
the history and general characteristics of the Scottish legal system. In the course of this topic,
we show that Scotland cannot be defined precisely enough through its generic characteristics
as a mixed jurisdiction. In turning to the study of Scotland as an individual jurisdiction, it is noted
that this system over time has begun to exhibit fewer and fewer of the attributes of a continental
European family country.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 67; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: contract with open terms

value: framework contract

value: agreement to agree

value: Scotland

value: UNIDROIT


dc.contributor.author

value: Fominykh, Alexey E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fominykh A. E. Memorabilia of the US thematic exhibits in the USSR as a source for public diplomacy and propaganda studies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations, 2023, vol. 16, issue 2, pp. 151–169. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper analyzes the array of information materials and artifacts related to American thematic
exhibitions that were held in the Soviet Union by the US Information Agency (USIA)
from 1959 to 1991 as part of the Soviet-American agreements on cultural exchanges. The
American National Exhibition in Moscow in the summer of 1959 was the first (and most
famous) in a series of such exhibitions; it was subsequent by 18 traveling shows, which covered
25 Soviet cities — both Union and republics’ capitals and remote regional centers. The
total audience of these showings is estimated at 20 million visitors. American exhibitions in the USSR left behind a deep information and cultural trace in memories, movie and photo
chronicles, as well as in a variety of “handouts” and souvenirs distributed at events. Among
collectors of antiques of this kind, thematic collections are known as memorabilia, or a collection
of things associated with a certain historical figure, a celebrity, or event. These materials,
especially the official booklets of the exhibitions, contain valuable information, which
reflects not only the content of the showings, but also the political and ideological attitudes of
their American organizers. The selection of exhibits, their information support (textual — in
booklets, and oral — from guides at the exhibition), the engineering and visual design of the
shows — all were aimed, ultimately, at the formation of a positive image of America among the
Soviet public (and, as a result, a critical perception of Soviet realities). Thus, the exhibitions,
even if their themes seem to be far from the ideology (science and technology, culture, life,
industry and agriculture), turned into an effective propaganda tool. Moreover, the USIA was
able to use this tool under the terms of agreements on bilateral exhibition exchanges. Unfortunately,
visual materials and objects of material culture in general are rarely involved in studies
of public and cultural diplomacy as a source. This article aims to fill this gap.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. International Relations;Volume 16; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: public diplomacy

value: propaganda

value: Cold War

value: US Information Agency

value: exhibition

value: artifact


dc.contributor.author

value: Trikoz, Elena N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Trikoz, Elena N. 2023. The role of comparative studies in the formation of Japan’s mixed legal system. Pravovedenie 67 (2): 203–215. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The theoretical influence of legal comparative scientists and the practical role of comparative legal
studies of foreign law on the process of modernization of traditional Japanese law are determined
in this article. The Japanese acceptance of the Western legal model, the reception of the Romano-
Germanic doctrine, texts and ideology, learning from European jurists invited to the country
and other factors led to the Westernization of management practice and legal regulation of life in
Japan. Voluntary “legal acculturation” took place under the direct influence of comparative models
of codification and reception of foreign law. The author conventionally identifies five stages of
“legal westernization” of the Japanese system of law. At the first stage, French jurisprudence had
the greatest dogmatic and partly practical impact on the Japanese, when the legal education of
local officials in the Napoleonic spirit began, the first translations of French legal treatises took
place, and Parisian lawyers prepared important codification projects. The Japanese then became
fascinated with Anglo-American legal culture, driven by an influx of British lawyers who came to
the islands to serve the local community of Her Majesty’s subjects, as well as the establishment
of the first school of English law in the capital. At the third stage, as the reactionary-militarist policy
developed, the emphasis shifted towards the German branch of the European family, and Japanese
law was reoriented to the German bourgeois-landlord legislation and the pandect model
of codification. At the fourth stage, there was an assimilation of American jurisprudence and US
legal realism, and the mutual interest of overseas comparativists in Japanese legal studies increased.
In the fifth stage, the comparative approach again became the foundations of a new
wave of legal reforms in Japan. Japanese law moved slowly from the family of Confucian-Chinese
and traditional Shinto law to the Germanic branch of the Roman law family and then turned into a
“gray legal culture”, at the crossroads of Western and East Asian legal cultures.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Pravovedenie;Volume 67; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: mixed system

value: legal culture

value: reception

value: lawmaking

value: systematization of law

value: codification

value: civil code

value: customs

value: weights

value: traditions

value: Confucianism

value: Shintoism

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zworykin, Dmitry

value: Đinh, Thị Hải Yến

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zworykin, D. and Đinh, T. H. Y. 2023. Risk screening of non-native suckermouth armoured catfishes Pterygoplichthys spp. in the River Dinh (Vietnam) using two related decisionsupport tools. Bio. Comm. 68(2): 122–131. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2023.206

dc.description.abstract

value:
The invasion risk of non-native suckermouth catfishes Pterygoplichthys spp.
in the River Dinh (Vietnam) was evaluated using two related decision-support
tools, namely the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) and the Aquatic Species
Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK). The results of screenings obtained independently
by three assessors using both toolkits were evaluated for consistency,
and compared with a screening study previously obtained for Vietnam
as a wide risk assessment area. Both FISK and AS-ISK based screenings were
shown to provide adequate and potentially important outcomes in terms of risk
of invasiveness and were consistent amongst assessors and between toolkits.
The invasion risk of Pterygoplichthys in the River Ding was found to be high and
the traits of these fishes that influence their success of becoming established
were considered. Some aspects in the use of FISK and AS-ISK as decision-support
tools as part of the overall risk analysis of species’ invasions for large risk
assessment areas are discussed.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was performed
within the framework of the “Ecolan E‑3.2”
programme of the Vietnam-Russian Tropical
Research and Technological Centre.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Biological Сommunications;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: biological invasions

value: Pterygoplichthys spp.

value: Vietnam

value: risk analysis

value: screening tools

value: Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK)