dc.contributor.author

value: Melnikov, Evgeny A. (priest)

dc.identifier.citation

value: Melnikov E. A. Functional significance of the Slavic translations of the Liturgy of the Apostle James in the 16th–17th centuries. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 600–608. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2022.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the problem of clarifying the practical purposes of using
the manuscripts of the Liturgy of the Apostle James in the 16th–17th centuries, their
applied significance. This period is characterized by the appearance of a huge number
of Slavic manuscripts containing the text of the Liturgy of the Apostle Jacob. At
the same time, we are talking not only about the number of manuscripts, but also about the presence of several translation options for the texts contained in these
manuscripts. Based on an analysis of the historical situation in the context of interfaith
polemics, an attempt was made to identify the place and role of the texts (or
translations) of the Liturgy of the Apostle James and their functional purpose in the
processes of confessionalization of the 16th–17th centuries. As a result of an analysis
of the composition of manuscript texts containing translations of the 16th century,
arguments were formulated in favor of the mainly polemical use of the Liturgy of
the Apostle James in the active liturgy in the 16th–17th centuries anti-Latin, sometimes
anti-Protestant polemic. The identified indirect evidence makes it possible to
argue that the ministry of the Liturgy of the Apostle James in the second half of the
17th century was unknown in Russia. Undeniable arguments in favor of the fact that
the full Slavic translations of the Liturgy of the Apostle James were used during the
specified period for liturgical purposes have not yet been found.

dc.subject

value: Liturgy of the Apostle James

value: Eucharistic disputes

value: graft heresy

value: Sofroniy Likhud

value: Ioanniky Likhud

value: Sylvester Medvedev

value: Liturgy of St John Chrysostom

value: Byzantinization

value: liturgical manuscripts

value: anti-Latin polemics


title: Editorial

dc.identifier.citation

value: Editorial. Issues of Theology, 2022, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 564–565.

dc.description.abstract

value: Editorial

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Issues of Theology;Volume 4; Issue 4

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


title: Замечания и предложения к проекту Порядка проведения аттестации педагогических работников организаций, осуществляющих образовательную деятельность

dc.contributor.author

value: Васильев, И.А.

value: Дмитрикова, Е.А.

value: Шевелева, Н.А.

value: Васильева, А.Ф.

dc.description.abstract

value: abstract

dc.subject

value: госорганы

value: порядок

value: аттестация

value: педагогические работники

value: образовательная деятельность

dc.title

value: Other

format: Microsoft Word XML


dc.contributor.author

value: Germashev, Ilya V.

value: Derbisher, Evgeniya V.

value: Derbisher, Vyacheslav E.

value: Kartashova, Anna V.

value: Titov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Germashev I.V., Derbisher E.V., Derbisher V.E., Kartashova A.V., Titov A.V. Algebra of fuzzy numbers with unimodal membership function. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 590–601. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Fuzzy numbers with a unimodal membership function are presented, which have found
application in the fuzzy analysis of such subject fields as ecology, chemical technology. In
this article, a set of fuzzy numbers with an unimodal membership function of a special type
is considered. Two binary operations (addition and multiplication) are given over this set,
formulas for calculation are obtained and some properties of this algebra are investigated.
It is proved that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative. Moreover,
multiplication is distributive over addition. It is shown that there are no neutral and inverse
elements over both operations. Note that if we add neutral elements under addition and
multiplication to the given algebra, we will obtain a commutative semiring. The conditions
under which quasineutral or quasiinverse elements exist are also given.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work is supported by state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia
(project no. 0633-2020-0003).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: algebra

value: fuzzy numbers

value: arithmetic operations

value: associativity

value: distributivity


dc.contributor.author

value: Elenskaya, Nataliya V.

value: Tashkinov, Mikhail A.

value: Silberschmidt, Vadim V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Elenskaya N.V., Tashkinov M.A., Silberschmidt V.V. Numerical modelling of the deformation behaviour of polymer lattice structures with density gradient based on additive technologies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 679–692. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.410 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The mechanical behavior of gradient lattice structures whose geometry is based on the
analytic definition of three-dimensional triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) is investigated.
Several homogeneous and gradient lattice models with different types of representative
volume geometry and gradient parameters are considered. The numerical models are
validated with data obtained experimentally using the Vic-3D video system. The results of
numerical simulation of the deformation behaviour of gradient structures with the Shoen
G (gyroid) TPMP geometry under uniaxial compression are presented. The influence of
structure parameters and gradient properties on the mechanical behaviour is studied.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the mega-grant international cooperation
program, contract no. 075-15-2021-578 of May 31, 2021, hosted by Perm National Research Polytechnic
University.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: triply periodic minimal surfaces

value: two-phase structures

value: finite element method

value: functional gradient

value: microstructure

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Alexeyeva, Nina P.

value: Al-Juboori, Fatema S. Sh.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Alexeyeva N.P., Al-Juboori F. S. Sh. About the full prediction approximation by a lot of partial predictions in case of incomplete data. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 575–589. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article, we are talking about the random subspaces method in forecasting under
the condition of incomplete data and about estimation of a full forecast based on a set of
partial predictions. Centered partial predictions are considered without loss of generality.
According to the statistical model, off-diagonal elements in the correlation matrix of partial
predictions are considered random with known mathematical expectation and variance.
In case of this random matrix, analytical expressions are obtained for the mathematical
expectation of the determinant and minors. Based on these results, a class of more accurate
estimates of the full prediction is constructed, which differ from the mean partial prediction
by a multipliers that depend on the statistical parameters of the correlation matrix of
partial predictions. The results of modeling and practical forecasting based on incomplete
biogeographic data are presented.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-01-00096).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: the random subspace method

value: statistical model

value: matrix with random elements

value: partial predictions

value: multiple regression


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, Boris F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov B. F. Complement to the Hölder inequality for multiple integrals. II. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 612–624. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is the second and final part of the author’s work published in the previous
issue of the journal. The main result of the article is the statement that if for functions γ1 ∈ Lp1 (Rn), . . . , γm ∈ Lpm(Rn), where m   2 and the numbers p1, . . . , pm ∈ (1,+∞]
are such that 1
p1
+ . . . + 1
pm
< 1 the “non-resonant” condition is fulfilled (the concept
introduced by the author in the previous work for functions from spaces Lp(Rn), p ∈
(1,+∞]), then: supa,b∈Rn

[a,b]
m

k=1
[γk(τ) +Δγk(τ )] dτ

  C
m

k=1
 γk +Δγk
L
pk
hk
(Rn), where
[a, b] — n-dimensional parallelepiped, the constant C > 0 does not depend on functions
of Δγk ∈ Lpk
hk
(Rn) and Lpk
hk
(Rn) ⊂ Lpk (Rn), 1   k   m are some specially constructed
normalized spaces. In addition, in terms of the fulfillment of some non-resonant condition,
the paper gives a test of a boundedness of the integral from the product of functions when
integrating over a subset of Rn.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: resonance

value: Hölder inequality

value: Fourier transform

value: integral inequalities


title: Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov. March 23, 2022

dc.identifier.citation

value: Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov March 23, 2022. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, p. 601.

dc.description.abstract

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gorikhovskii, Viacheslav I.

value: Kustova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gorikhovskii V. I., Kustova E.V. Neural network approach in modelling vibrational kinetics of carbon dioxide. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 665–678. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.409 (In Russian)

value:
The study is devoted to modeling nonequilibrium vibrational kinetics of carbon dioxide
taking into account complex mechanisms of relaxation and intermode energy exchanges.
The possibilities of using machine learning methods to improve the performance of numerical
simulation of non-equilibrium carbon dioxide flows are studied. Various strategies for
increasing the efficiency of the hybrid four-temperature model of CO2 kinetics are considered.
The neural network approach proposed by the authors to calculate the rate of
vibrational relaxation in each mode turned out to be the most promising. For the problem
of spatially homogeneous relaxation, estimates of the error and computational costs of the
developed algorithm are carried out, and its high accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated.
For the first time, the carbon dioxide flow behind a plane shock wave was simulated in a full state-to-state approximation. A comparison with the results obtained in the framework of
the hybrid four-temperature approach is carried out, and the equivalence of the approaches
is shown. This makes it possible to recommend developed multitemperature approximations
as the main tool for solving problems of nonequilibrium kinetics and gas dynamics.
The hybrid four-temperature approach using the neural network method for calculating
relaxation terms showed the acceleration of numerical simulation in time by more than
an order of magnitude, while maintaining accuracy. This technique can be recommended
for solving complex multidimensional problems of nonequilibrium gas dynamics, including
state-to-state chemical reactions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work is supported by St Petersburg State University (project ID: 93022273). The authors
thank A. A.Kosareva for providing the code for calculating the kinetics of CO2 in a three-temperature
approximation with which the described neural network approach was tested for the first time.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: vibrational relaxation rate

value: state-to-state and multi-temperature kinetics

value: artificial neural network

value: carbon dioxide

value: machine learning


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, Aleksei M.

value: Belyaev, Fedor S.

value: Volkov, Aleksandr E.

value: Belyaev, Sergey P.

value: Resnina, Natalia N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov A. M., Belyaev F. S., Volkov A.E., Belyaev S.P., Resnina N.N. Application of the Nelder—Mead method to optimize the selecting of the Likhachev—Volkov model constants. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 693–704. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.411 (In Russian)

value:
A new method was proposed for selecting constants of the modified Likhachev—Volkov
microstructural model to describe the reversible strain variation during isothermal martensitic
transformation in Ti49Ni51 alloy. The experimental data were approximated by solving
the optimization problem using the Nelder—Mead method. A set of model parameters was
found that provided the best approximation. Using the selected constants set, model qualitatively
and quantitatively describe the strain variation during cooling and heating of the
model sample, as well as during isothermal holding under constant stress. The proposed
method of selecting constants allowed performing the smallest number of numerical experiments
without requiring additional real experiments.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 18-19-00226-P).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: shape memory alloys

value: martensitic transformation

value: isothermal martensitic transformation

value: microstructural model

value: Nelder—Mead method


dc.contributor.author

value: Aleksandrov, Аlexander Yu.

value: Tikhonov, Aleksey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aleksandrov A.Yu., Tikhonov A. A. Nonlinear control with distributed delay for angular stabilization of a rigid body. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 653–664. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.408 (In Russian)

value:
The problem of angular stabilization of a rigid body with an arbitrary triaxial ellipsoid
of inertia is solved. The control strategy is based on the type of PID controller, in which,
instead of the classical integral term, a more flexible control option is used, which assumes
the presence of a distributed delay (integral term) in the control torque. In addition, instead
of the usual linear restoring torque, a non-linear uniform restoring torque is used for the
first time. The analytical substantiation of the asymptotic stability of the program motion
is based on the use of a special construction of the Lyapunov—Krasovskii functional.
A theorem is proved that gives sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the
program mode of the body angular motion in the form of constructive inequalities with
respect to control parameters. The effectiveness of the constructed control is demonstrated,
which simultaneously provides the convergence speed and smoothness of transient process.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: rigid body

value: stabilization

value: attitude motion

value: asymptotic stability

value: Lyapunov—Krasovskii functionals

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Krivulin, Nikolai K.

value: Briushinin, Maksim A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krivulin N.K., Briushinin M.A. Solving a two-facility location problem in a space with Chebyshev metric. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 625–635. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
A minimax two-facility location problem in multidimensional space with Chebyshev metric
is examined subject to box constraints on the feasible location area. In the problem, there
are two groups of points with known coordinates, and one needs to find coordinates for optimal
location of two new points under the given constraints. The location of the new points
is considered optimal if it minimizes the maximum of the following values: the distance
between the first new point and the farthest point in the first group, the distance between
the second new point and the farthest point in the second group, and the distance between
the first and second new points. The location problem is formulated as a multidimensional
optimization problem in terms of tropical mathematics that studies the theory and applications
of algebraic systems with idempotent operations. A direct analytical solution to
the problem is derived based on the use of methods and results of tropical optimization.
A result is obtained which describes the set of optimal location of the new points in a
parametric form ready for formal analysis of solutions and straightforward calculation.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: tropical optimization

value: idempotent semifield

value: minimax optimization problem

value: two-facility location problem


dc.contributor.author

value: Lebedeva, Anastasia V.

value: Ryabov, Victor M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lebedeva A. V., Ryabov V.M. Regularization of the procedure for inverting the Laplace transform using quadrature formulas. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 636–643. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The problem of inversion of the integral Laplace transform, which belongs to the class of
ill-posed problems, is considered. Integral equations are reduced to ill-conditioned systems
of linear algebraic equations (SLAE), in which the unknowns are either the expansion coefficients
in a series in terms of shifted Legendre polynomials, or the approximate values of
the desired original at a number of points. The first step of reduction to SLAE is to apply
quadrature formulas that provide the minimum values of the condition number of SLAE.
Regularization methods are used to obtain a reliable solution of the system. A common
strategy is to use the Tikhonov stabilizer or its modifications. A variant of the regularization
method for systems with oscillatory-type matrices is presented, which significantly
reduces the conditionality of the problem in comparison with the classical Tikhonov scheme.
A method is given for actually constructing special quadratures leading to problems with
oscillation matrices.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper was prepared with the support by a grant from St Petersburg State University “Event 3”
(Pure ID 75207094).

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: system of linear algebraic equations

value: integral equations of the first kind

value: ill-posed problems

value: ill-conditioned problems

value: condition number

value: oscillation matrices

value: regularization method


dc.contributor.author

value: Polyanskiy, Vladimir A.

value: Smirnova, Nina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Polyanskiy V.A., Smirnova N.A. Control damping for elastic vibrations of a distributed system with the sensor — actuator overcharge. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 720–728. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.413 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This project develops the modal control system for vibration damping of an elastic object
with distributed parameters. Non-controllable upper modes excitement sets a limit on control efficiency of individual lowest elastic mode damping. The study tests the control
operability in relation to the changing sensor — actuator number while the feedback loops
remains the same. Simulation results show spillover effect degradation in case the sensor —
actuator overcharge. Control algorithm includes of identification procedure instead of designing
with the object model assistance. The present procedure puts the modal matrices
to separate the inherent object modes from the sensor signals and to suppress the modes
using the actuators.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: elastic distributed system

value: modal control

value: piezoelectric transducer

value: identification

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Gubanov, Sergei А.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gubanov S.A. Algebraic solution of optimal sheduling problems subject to due dates for start time of project jobs. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 602–611. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
A direct solution is proposed for problems of drawing up the optimal schedule for jobs in a
project based on using models and methods of tropical optimization. The problems of the
development of an optimal plan are reduced to problems of tropical optimization, which
consist in minimizing the objective function under given strict constraints on the start and
finish time of jobs. As optimality criteria of the plan the maximum deviation from the due
dates of the start of the jobs of the project is taken, which needs to be minimized. Strict
time constraints for the jobs are given in the form of precedence relations and bounds for
the start and finish times of the jobs. Such tasks arise if it is necessary for one reason or
another (for example, due to technological limitations or safety requirements) to start jobs
at specified time. In the article constraints and objective functions are first described in
terms of ordinary mathematics and then the considered problems of project sheduling are
set. Elements of tropical mathematics are discussed which are necessary for the presentation
of the problems of drawing up the optimal schedule in a tropical form. Then the
sheduling problems are formulated in terms of the idempotent mathematics and reduced to
the problem of tropical optimization. Solution of the problems are presented in an explicit
analytical form, which well suited for both formal analysis and numerical computations.
An explanatory numerical example is provided at the end of the article.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: tropical mathematics

value: idempotent semifield

value: tropical optimization

value: project sheduling

value: network planning


dc.identifier.citation

value: Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov May 18, 2022. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, p. 719.


dc.identifier.citation

value: Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov April 13, 2022. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, p. 635.

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.contributor.author

value: Istomin, Vladimir A.

value: Kustova, Elena V.

value: Prutko, Kirill A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Istomin V.A., Kustova E.V., Prutko K.A. Heat and radiative fluxes in strongly nonequilibrium flows behind shock waves. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 705–719. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.412 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
State-to-state and two-temperature theoretical models for high-temperature strongly nonequilibrium
reacting and radiating air flows are developed in the framework of the generalized
Chapman—Enskog method. In the theoretical approach, the sets of governing
equations for coupled fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics, internal energy transitions and
radiation are derived; the algorithms for the calculation of state-resolved transport coefficients
are developed and implemented. The proposed models are applied for 1-D simulations
of shock waves in air under high-temperature conditions observed in flight experiments. Nonequilibrium mixture composition, temperatures and pressure profiles are obtained and
compared for various models of chemical reaction rate coefficients. Flow variables strongly
depend on both the kinetic-theory approach and chemical reaction model; species molar
fractions and temperature show significantly different behaviour for the state-to-state and
two-temperature simulations. Transport properties and radiative fluxes are calculated as
functions of the distance from the shock front. It is found that diffusion provides a major
contribution to the total energy flux whereas the role of heat conduction is weak due to
the compensation effects. It is shown that under considered conditions, two-temperature
models are not applicable for correct predictions of radiative heating.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: The work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 22-11-00078).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: state-to-state kinetics

value: electronic excitation

value: transport coefficients

value: heat flux

value: radiative flux


dc.contributor.author

value: Smirnov, Aleksey S.

value: Khashba, Timur N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Smirnov A. S., Khashba T.N. Stability of floating barges with trapezoidal and pentagonal sections. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 740–752. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.415 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The issues of stability of the symmetrical equilibrium position of floating barges in liquid,
which have trapezoidal and pentagonal sections, are discussed in the paper. The basic principles
of static analysis necessary for studying the stability of floating bodies are given. The
exact expression for the potential energy of a floating body is constructed and its quadratic
approximation is calculated near the investigated equilibrium state for both problems under
consideration. Stability conditions are obtained in terms of dimensionless parameters
on the basis of these expressions, and each of the problems under discussion has three
such parameters. It is checked that for particular variants of a rectangular pontoon and a
triangular boat, the previously known results follow from the found stability conditions in
both problems. The found solutions are illustrated as a series of stability regions on the
plane of two dimensionless parameters when the value of the third parameter varies. This
graphical interpretation allows to establish the main qualitative and quantitative features
of the constructed solutions and draw key conclusions. The obtained results are interesting
from a theoretical point of view and may be of some practical value.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: floating barge

value: stability

value: static analysis

value: stability region

value: plane of dimensionless parameters

dc.type

value: Article

size: 1 MB


dc.contributor.author

value: Frolov, Аndrei N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Frolov А.N. On strong forms of the Borel—Cantelli lemma and dynamical systems with polynomial decays of correlations. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 644–652. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Strong forms of the Borel—Cantelli lemma are variants of the strong law of large numbers
for sums of the indicators of events such that the series from probabilities of these events
diverges. These sums are centered at means and normalized by some function from means.
In this paper, we derive new strong forms of the Borel—Cantelli lemma under wider restrictions
on variations of increments of sums than it was done earlier. Strong forms are commonly used for investigations of properties of dynamical systems. We apply our results
to describe properties of some measure preserving expanding maps of [0, 1] with a fixed
point at zero. Such results can be proved for similar multidimensional maps as well.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: the Borel—Cantelli lemma

value: the quantitative Borel—Cantelli lemma

value: sums of indicators of events

value: strong law of large numbers

value: almost surely convergence

value: dynamical systems

value: polynomial decay of correlations


dc.identifier.citation

value: Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov May 11, 2022. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, p. 704.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4


dc.identifier.citation

value: Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov April 27, 2022. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, p. 601.


dc.contributor.author

value: Korjova, Elena Yu.

value: Veselova, Elena K.

value: Rudykhina, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korjova E. Yu., Veselova E. K., Rudykhina O. V. Multi-level health indicators as predictors of students’ subjective well-being experience. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 458–471. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The subjective well-being as an integral experience of health state is a multidimensional phenomenon.
The intrapersonal, social and environmental levels of subjective well-being were
distinguished. The aim of the study was to determine predictors of subjective well-being
of students. 850 students of different courses of St Petersburg and Novosibirsk universities
took part in the study. The screening techniques MHC-SF (C. Keyes) and test of resilience
(D. Leont’ev and E. Rasskazova), Scale of subjective well-being (C. Ryff), Measuring of prosocial
tendencies (G. Carlo and B. A. Randall, adaptation of N. Kukhtova), Measuring of attitude
to significant life situations (E. Korjova, A. Berdnikova), Scale of depression PHQ-9 and Scale
of anxiety GAD-7 (Patient Health Questionnaire) were used. The results showed that students
with a high level of subjective well-being rated all levels of health significantly higher than
students with a low level of subjective well-being. The greatest influence on the subjective wellbeing
is exerted by intrapersonal (endopsychic) predictors — resilience (β = 0.322; p = 0.000)
and the presence of a goal in life (β = 0.176; p = 0.000). To a lesser extent, exopsychic predictors
have an impact — attitude to a significant life situation and prosocial orientation, as well as
self-assessment of mental health and presence of depression. The greatest contribution to the
subjective well-being of intrapersonal characteristics confirms the leading role of personality
in regulating the relationship between human and world. The data obtained make it possible
to build a hierarchy of significant health resources for working out different health-saving
programs.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 17-29-02438
“Psychological, social and environmental health resources of students at different levels of education in
modern Russia”.

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: predictors of subjective well-being

value: health levels

value: students

value: self-assessment of health

value: depression

value: resilience

value: purpose in life

value: prosocial orientation

value: attitude to life situation


dc.contributor.author

value: Ryabinin, Anatoly N.

value: Veligzhanin, Andrei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ryabinin A.N., Veligzhanin A.A. Rotational and translational oscillations of cylinders of small aspect ratio in the air flow. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 729–739. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.414 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Rotational and translational oscillations of three cylinders differing in the ratio of length
to cylinder diameter (elongation) are considered. The cylinders were suspended in the test
section of the low velocity wind tunnel on a wire suspension containing steel springs. In
the equilibrium position, the axis of the cylinders is directed horizontally and parallel to
the velocity vector of the incoming flow. Under the influence of the air flow, the cylinders
could make rotational or translational oscillations. Semiconductor strain gauges are
attached to the two suspension springs, measuring the periodically changing tension of the
springs during oscillations. The analog signal from the strain gauges was transmitted to a
PC oscilloscope, which transmitted it in digital form to a computer. After calibration of the
device and decoding of the signal, the frequencies and amplitudes of translational oscillations
in the vertical direction and rotational oscillations around the horizontal axis passing
through the center of the cylinder and perpendicular to the velocity vector of the incoming
flow were determined. It turned out that in the studied range of cylinder elongations there
is a transition from rotational to translational oscillations. A cylinder with elongation 1.9
performs steady rotational oscillations under the influence of wind, the amplitude of which
increases with increasing air flow velocity. The previously proposed mathematical model
correctly predicts rotational oscillations. The square of the amplitude of rotational oscillations
is a linear function of the Strouhal number if the velocity of the air flow is sufficiently
large. Translational oscillations of the cylinder with elongation 1.9 are damped. A decrease
in the elongation of the cylinder to 1.5 is accompanied by a decrease in the amplitudes
of rotational vibrations. At low air flow velocities, translational oscillations with a small
amplitude are registered. Further reduction of the elongation to 1.0 leads to the complete
absence of rotational oscillations. The amplitude of translational oscillations is growing.
Translational oscillations are realized in a limited range of air flow velocities.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy;Volume 9 (67); Issue 4

dc.subject

value: wind tunnel

value: rotational oscillations

value: translational oscillations

value: strain gauge

value: cylinder

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Sipovskaya, Yana I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sipovskaya Ya. I. Coping factors underlying academic achievement in senior adolescence. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 449–457. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.404

dc.description.abstract

value:
Educational activity is accompanied by dramatic qualitative changes in the structure of human
consciousness associated with the search, acquisition and assimilation of new information, its
use to increase the productivity of one’s activities in various fields. Such dramatic changes are
accompanied by stress and, accordingly, the formation and development of methods for overcoming
it, coping, aimed at reducing the negative consequences of difficult life situations, their
resolution or avoidance. The subject of the research are common factors underlying coping
strategies of a complex object — school performance in older adolescents (158 older adolescents
aged 15–17 years with different levels of academic achievement). The study used data
of the student’s electronic diary and questionnaire “Methods of coping behavior”. According
to the results of the Wilcoxon criterion, the choice of coping behavior strategy in older adolescence
is not determined by the gender or age of the subject of activity. A similar situation
was obtained with respect to academic performance indicators. The explanation of the lack
of influence of gender and age on academic performance can be explained by the cumulative
score on this very “school intellectual success”, which levels the differences between individual
subgroups in individual subjects. The results of factor analysis indicate groups (styles) of coping
strategies based on their “passivity”, and at the same time — “emotionality” and “activity”,
coupled with a preference for rationality with elements of meta-analytical abilities, their
social/individualistic and problematic oriented focus. Moreover, cognitive abilities are interrelated
with problem-oriented coping strategies.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: coping strategy

value: school performance

value: senior adolescence


dc.identifier.citation

value: On the 90th anniversary of Ildar Abdullovich Ibragimov. Session of Section of the House of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the theoretical mechanics of prof. N. N. Poljakhov May 11, 2022. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy, 2022, vol. 9 (67), issue 4, pp. 753-756.

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.contributor.author

value: Prepyalov, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Prepyalov, Alexander V. 2022. “A medicine as an object of civil rights: A concept, attributes and comparison to the foreign approach”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1058–1077. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.414 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article addresses the issue of classifying a limited civil circulation thing as a medicine that
is defined by a set of attributes including generic ones. After the adoption of the first specialized
law — Federal law “On Medicines” N 86-FZ dated 22.06.1998 legal standards for different
law branches where medicine is a law object have been formulated. This explains the relevance
of this research and its practical applicability in further development of legislative initiatives
and regulatory practices. The correctness of medicine definition in the Russian legislation can
be determined by the comparison of laws of the leading countries on the international pharmaceutical
market — USA, Japan and Germany. Providing a certain degree of succession from
German legislation, the term medicine and its attributes as they are defined in the Federal law
“On Circulation of Medicines” № 61-FZ dated 12.04.2010 and used herein, in general demonstrate
the same approach as in the countries mentioned above, which allows to conclude
that the Russian legislation has been developing not independently but rather in the context
of previous and ongoing studies of Russian researches and scholars from Anglo-American
and Romano-Germanic legal systems. The article addresses controversial issues of drug circulation
and challenging practical aspects, namely distinguishing medicines from related by
application chemical substances, biologically active additives, medical devices and perfume
and beauty products.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: medicines

value: medicine attributes

value: comparative law

value: finished medical forms

value: active pharmaceutical ingredients

value: chemical substance

value: principal thing

value: appendant

value: biologically active additive

value: medical device

dc.type

value: Animation


dc.contributor.author

value: Baianov, Aleksandr I.

value: Nazarov, Aleksandr D.

value: Sidorova, Nataliia A.

value: Stoyko, Nikolai G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baianov, Aleksandr I., Aleksandr D. Nazarov, Nataliia A. Sidorova, Nikolai G. Stoyko. 2022. “Investigative errors in the preparation of the interrogation protocol and their use by the defense”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 927–946. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article, investigative errors in the preparation of the interrogation protocol are considered
in the context of their use for the purposes of defense in a criminal case. Emphasis
is placed on the most common mistake made in pre-trial proceedings — lack of records of
the questions asked and the replies received by the person being questioned (question-and-answer part of the interrogation protocol). For the first time in the legal literature, certain
types of tactics for protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the principal, based on the
use of such errors, are considered in detail. The choice of defensive tactics is associated with
two grounds: first, the direct personal participation of the lawyer in the interrogation process
is taken into account, followed by familiarization with the text of the protocol; secondly, the
absence of a lawyer during the interrogation and familiarization with the text of the interrogation
protocol after the end of the preliminary investigation or inquiry are taken into account.
For each of the grounds, typical protective situations affecting the tactical features of the lawyer’s
behavior are considered. Reasonable defense tactics require the construction of business,
professional relations between the defense lawyer and the investigator (interrogator).
The chosen tactic involves the submission by the lawyer of applications for the addition and
clarification of the interrogation protocol, refusal to sign the interrogation protocol, filing motions
and filing complaints about illegal actions of officials who refuse to eliminate the violations
committed in the preparation of the interrogation protocol. In addition, the provision by
the defence counsel of assistance to the investigator and the inquirer aimed at preventing and
eliminating errors is not excluded. When drafting petitions and complaints, attention is paid
to the reasoning of the stated requirements and recommendations are given on their content.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: testimony

value: interrogation protocol

value: question

value: investigative error

value: defense counsel

value: defense tactics

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Veraksa, Alexandr N.

value: Oshchepkova, Ekaterina S.

value: Aslanova, Margarita S.

value: Yakupova, Vera A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Veraksa A. N., Oshchepkova E. S., Aslanova M. S., Yakupova V. A. Factors of a child’s social development in the senior preschool age. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 410–430. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.402 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of the study was to identify the features of the cognitive and emotional development
of preschoolers, which can be crucial in child’s acceptance by peers, as well as his status in the
group. Were identified factors related to the sociometric status of children and those factors
for which ambiguous results were obtained (for example, speech development). As part of the
empirical study, there were made the assessment of language development, executive functions
(subtests of the NEPSY II), emotional (Test of Emotional Comprehension) and intellectual
development (Raven’s color progressive matrices). Children also passed a sociometric test
by responding to a number of questions about their peers’ choice. The study involved 252 pupils
of the preparatory groups of preschool educational institutions in Moscow (50.2 % of boys
aged 6 to 7 years (M = 83.10, SD = 5.74)). The three most significant predictors of social success
were shown to be story programming, emotions’ awareness, and cognitive inhibitive control.
The programming of the story reflects the communicative competence of the child, his ability
to build a story. Emotional development (by external cases) is one of the most important indicators
of his emotional development as a whole. These results indicate that the child’s social
success is influenced by the development of executive functions, emotional competence, and
language competence. However, different aspects of these factors affect sociometric status differently.
In the future, we consider it necessary to trace how the factors, including social play,
influence the social success of children in elementary school.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant no. 21-18-00581 “Factors and
effects of speech development in 6–8 year-old children in a mono- and bilingual environment”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: preschool education

value: executive functions

value: language development

value: sociometric status

value: understanding of emotions


dc.contributor.author

value: Golovey, Larisa A.

value: Galasheva, Olga S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Golovey L. A., Galasheva O. S. Daily stress and life satisfaction of teenage girls. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 431–448. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.403 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Everyday stressors of teenage girls are considered. The purpose of the study: development
and testing of the questionnaire of everyday stressors for adolescents; determination of the
intensity of various spheres of life; revealing the ratio of stress tension and life satisfaction.
Methods: the author’s questionnaire of everyday stressors for adolescents, the stress perception
scale ShVS-10 (V. A. Ababkov et al.), the life satisfaction scale (E. Diener et al.). Factorization
made it possible to single out 7 blocks of events related to the areas: “Loneliness, fears”;
“Finance”; “School, study”; “Rejection”; “Communication with seniors”; “Case, planning”;
“Competition, self-attitude”. The α-Cronbach fitness coefficient for the entire questionnaire
was 0.956. Content and convergent validity were checked using comparative, correlation, factorial,
regression analysis. Correlation analysis revealed direct links between the number of
stressful events and the strength of experience with “Overstrain”, “Stress counteraction”, “Perceived
stress” of the ShVS-10 methodology, which confirmed the convergent validity of the
questionnaire. Typological analysis showed a higher level of stress load in girls with low life
satisfaction. Correlation analysis revealed negative relationships between life satisfaction and
the number of stressors (p ≤ 0.05), the intensity of the experience (p ≤ 0.01), and the indicators
of the SHVS-10 method (p ≤ 0.01). Regression analysis showed that life satisfaction is a predictor
that reduces the level of perceived stress (p ≤ 0.000), overexertion (p ≤ 0.000), resistance to
stress (p ≤ 0.000), the number of stressors in the areas “Loneliness, fears” (p ≤ 0.000); “Finance”
(p ≤ 0.006); “School, study” (p ≤ 0.026); “Rejection” (p ≤ 0.003), “Communication with elders”
(p ≤ 0.001). Thus, a high level of life satisfaction can act as a factor contributing to the reduction
of stress load.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: adolescence

value: everyday stressors

value: perception of stressors

value: overstrain

value: life satisfaction


dc.contributor.author

value: Strizhitskaya, Olga Yu.

value: Petrash, Marina D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strizhitskaya O. Yu., Petrash M. D. Intergenerational relationships as a factor of students’ psychological well-being: The moderation role of time perspective. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 472–486. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.406 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The work addresses the analysis of connections between indicators of intergenerational relations,
time perspective and psychological well-being. The period of early adulthood is a
period of self-determination, searching for meanings and setting goals for the future. Such
transformations affect not only specific, but also integral mental characteristics, such as psychological
well-being. The change in social roles that occurs at this age leads to the formation
of new social ties, including complicating the system of intergenerational relations. At the
same time, research shows that time perspective is associated with psychological well-being,
while, as a rule, a positive assessment of perspective is positively associated with psychological
well-being. Also, the time perspective is associated with intergenerational relationships. At the
same time, there is no data on how these three constructs relate to each other. In our study, we
grounded on the existing data and principles of development in ontogenesis, which led us to
the idea that time perspective can mediate the strength of effect of intergenerational relationships
on psychological well-being. The study sample consisted of 433 students of St Petersburg
universities aged 17–24. For the study, we used: the scale of psychological well-being by C. Riff
as adapted by L. V. Zhukovskaya, E. G. Troshikhina, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), Intergenerational Social Relations Questionnaire (M. D. Petrash, O. Yu. Strizhitskaya).
The analysis showed that intergenerational relationships, time perspective, and psychological
well-being were closely related. Regression analysis refined these results by highlighting
the component “personal growth” as the most closely associated with both intergenerational
relationships and time perspective. Pathway structural modeling allowed us to see the mediation
effect of time perspective. Thus, the results of our study allowed us to conclude that intergenerational
relationships, time perspective and psychological well-being were connected,
but also had the differentiated nature of these relationships. The theoretical significance of the
results is that we showed the role of relationships with other generations and their effect on
the psychological well-being of young people, that was mediated by the parameters of the time
perspective. The practical significance of the work is related to the possibilities of psychological
assistance in the formation and correction of the time perspective, taking into account the
mechanisms obtained in the work.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 19-013-00861
“Professional development in the structure of intergenerational relations during the transition from youth
to adulthood”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: intergenerational relationships

value: time perspective

value: psychological well-being

value: personal growth

value: early adulthood

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Muhamedrahimov, Rifkat J.

value: Kagarmanov, Dinar I.

value: Sergienko, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Muhamedrahimov R. J., Kagarmanov D. I., Sergienko E. A. Analysis of the theory of mind indicators in children from different baby home social-emotional environment. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 398–409. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study examined whether the structure of the theory of mind indicators in the group of institutionalized
children would be associated with differences of social-emotional environment
in two Russian Baby Homes (BHs), one of which received Training plus Structural Changes
(T+SC) intervention, that increased caregiver sensitivity and consistency, the other continued
to conduct baseness as usial (No Intervention, NoI) and defined as social-emotionally
depriving. The relevant to the theory of mind items of the personal-social scale of the Battelle
Developmental Inventory were selected and used to assess children in T+SC (N = 70; M = 2.37,
SD = 1.01 years) and NoI (N = 50; M = 2.18, SD = 0.92 years). Results suggested between-group
differences in the factor structure for the theory of mind indicators. The main factor for children
from NoI reflected development of self-understanding in combination with understanding
of adults and peers, while for children from T+SC — of self-understanding in combination with understanding of adults, which might be due to opportunity for children to live in the
small size group and interact with more sensitive and consistent primary caregivers. The second
factor in both BHs revealed development by children understanding of peer interactions
and feelings, and difference between BHs was that for children from depriving NoI environment
such understanding was combined with understanding of caregivers’ instructions and
rules. Results suggest that children’s environment shapes their theory of mind and that positive
changes in institutional caregiving can have some benefits in children’s self-understanding
and understanding of other people.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-28-00626 “Caregiverchild
interaction and theory of mind in children with early institutional experience living in substitute
families”

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: theory of mind

value: children

value: institution

value: socio-emotional environment


title: Preface

dc.contributor.author

value: Grishina, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Preface. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, p. 394-397.

dc.description.abstract

value: Preface

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University


dc.contributor.author

value: Enikeyev, Oleg A.

value: Enikeyeva, Svetlana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Enikeyev, Oleg A., Svetlana A. Enikeyeva. 2022. “Legal regulation of paramedic-obstetric centers”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 947–962. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the problems of regulatory regulation of the legal status of paramedic and
obstetric centers and the prospects for improving legislation in order to increase the availability
of medical care to the rural population in Russia. The author reveals the problem of elimination
of paramedic obstetric centers as structural divisions of medical institutions and offers
a solution to this issue only depending on the needs of the rural population in this division.
The regulation on the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation States that the Ministry is
obliged to determine the requirements for the placement of medical organizations of the state
health system and the municipal health system and other infrastructure facilities in the health
sector based on the needs of the population, which was ignored by this Ministry. To date, there
is no Federal standard for equipping paramedic and obstetric centers, which the author proposed
to eliminate. The legal problems of the work of paramedic and obstetric centers include
the lack of regulatory algorithms for the movement of patients and their treatment depending
on the disease. In addition, it is emphasized that the diagnoses established by paramedics
fall out of statistical records in the Russian Federation and are not transferred to the next
level of medical care in a digital manner. The author emphasizes the lack of a unified Federal
normative nomenclature of medicines to be sold through paramedic and obstetrics centers,
which leads to a significant imbalance in the provision of medicines to the rural population
in different regions of Russia. At the same time, the infrastructure and financing of this drug
supply is not regulated. The paper highlights the danger of extending the provisions of the law
on telemedicine to paramedic and obstetrics centers in the absence of financial incentives for
medical workers and their overload.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: paramedical and obstetric center

value: medical care

value: medical law

value: medical technologies

value: сivil law

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Abdrasulov, Ermek B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Abdrasulov, Ermek B. 2022. “Constitutional bases of legislative and supplementary legal regulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Practical issues and doctrinal interpretation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1022–1040. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.412 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the issues of differentiation of legislative and subordinate regulation of
public relations. It is noted that in the process of law-making activities, including the legislative
process, practical questions often arise about the competence of various state bodies to establish
various legal norms and rules. These issues are related to the need to establish a clear legal
meaning of the constitutional norms devoted to the definition of the subject of regulation
of laws. In particular, there is a need to clarify the provisions of paragraph 3 of Art. 61 of the
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of the concepts “the most important public
relations”, “all other relations”, “subsidiary legislation”, as well as to establish the relationship
between these concepts. Interpretation is also required by the provisions of paragraph 4 of
Art. 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of clarifying the question of
whether the conclusion follows from mentioned provisions that all possible social relations in
the Republic of Kazakhstan are subject to legal regulation, including those that are subject to
other social and technical regulators (morality, national, business and professional traditions
and customs, religion, standards, technical regulations, etc.). Answering the questions raised,
the author emphasizes that the law and bylaws, as a rule, constitute a single system of legislation,
performing the functions of primary and secondary acts. However, the secondary nature of
subsidiary legislation does not mean that they regulate “unimportant” public relations. The law
is essentially aimed at regulating all important social relations.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: constitution

value: law

value: subsidiary legislation

value: legislative regulation

value: supplementary legal regulation

value: uncertainty of constitutional norms

value: interpretation of constitutional norms

value: parliament

value: law-making process


dc.contributor.author

value: Gnedykh, Daria S.

value: Filippova, Margarita G.

value: Makarova, Daria N.

value: Perikova, Ekaterina I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gnedykh D. S., Filippova M. G., Makarova D. N., Perikova E. I. Problems and research prospects on learning of new words: Fast mapping vs explicit encoding. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 527–543. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.409 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article reviews the problem of finding the most efficient strategy for new word acquisition.
The authors analyse studies aimed at finding the differences between two learning strategies:
fast mapping (FM), which is based on deduction and deriving meaning from context, and
explicit encoding (EE), which implies learning new information through explicit instruction.
While behavioural findings on these strategies’ efficiency (in terms of new word acquisition)
are controversial, neurophysiological studies proved the existence of different neurophysiological
mechanisms underlying the two strategies. The authors deem it necessary to shift focus
of FM — EE differences research from comparing the efficiency of new word acquisition onto
analysing of the two strategies’ additional characteristics, such as sensitivity to interference,
speed of lexical and semantic integration of new words, memory consolidation during sleep.
A new approach to explaining the differences between FM and EE is offered. It suggests a comparison
of the two learning strategies’ mechanisms to neural mechanisms of the visual perception
system — according to ascending and descending pathways of hierarchy (bottom-up and
top-down signals into cortical activities). In particular, the authors suppose that FM activates
bottom-up information processing, whereas EE activates top-down information processing.
Future perspectives of research on this subject are discussed, such as exploring the effects of
object or phenomena labelling on language learning occurring through FM or EE. The authors
claim that it is important to conduct such studies with the use of an eye tracker in order to
test the aforementioned suggestion about mechanisms, underlying learning strategies, and
explaining the differences between them in terms of efficiency of language learning.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-28-01040 “The role of
verbal notation in semantic learning of new concepts: the effects of fast mapping and explicit coding”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: explicit encoding

value: fast mapping

value: language acquisition

value: new word learning

value: labelling

value: ascending and descending pathways of hierarchy in the visual perception system


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogdanov, Viacheslav P.

value: Bogdanova, Inna S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogdanov, Viacheslav P., Inna S. Bogdanova. 2022. “The notion of voluntariness in the notes to Articles 291 and 2911 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 896–909. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.404 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the notion of voluntariness used by the legislator in the notes to Art. 291 of
the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Giving a bribe” and Art. 2911 of the Criminal
Code of the Russian Federation “Mediation in bribery”. The use of this category in the practice
of law enforcement agencies is not uniform, as evidenced by the extensive jurisprudence analyzed
in the article. The main problem lies in the contradictory assessment of the fact that the
accused is aware of the fact that the preliminary investigation authorities are aware of his participation in bribery or mediation in bribery. In most cases the courts ignore this circumstance
and attach legal significance not to the awareness of the accused himself, but to the awareness
of the preliminary investigation bodies that a person has committed a crime. As a result,
having established that the subject was exposed as a result of operational-search and (or) investigative
measures, regardless of whether he knows about this fact, the courts refuse to apply
the notes to Art. 291 and 2911 of the Criminal Code. According to the authors, when assessing
the voluntariness of a person’s message about the commission of a crime, two interrelated,
but not identical circumstances should be assessed: a volitional criterion that characterizes
the desire and will of the subject, and an intellectual criterion that determines the person’s
ability to be aware of what is happening to him. The article states that the communication by
a person about a crime committed to a body that has the right to initiate a criminal case will
be voluntary if the person does so of his own free will and believes that the authority does not
know about his participation in the crime, even if in reality it is not so.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: bribe

value: receiving a bribe

value: mediation in bribery

value: report on a committed crime

value: voluntariness

value: voluntary reporting of a crime

value: active remorse

value: exemption from criminal liability

value: special grounds for exemption from crime

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zholobov, Yaroslav B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zholobov, Yaroslav B. 2022. “The powers of presidents of general jurisdiction courts in the Russian Federation: Classification issues”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 860–876. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.402

dc.description.abstract

value:
Based on the practical experience of the retired court president, the article covers the issues
of systematizing the powers of presidents of general jurisdiction courts in Russia through
creating their classification. The material is presented in a problematic manner. The author
identified four key issues related to the powers of presidents of general jurisdiction courts: the
compliance of powers with new tasks and challenges that arise before the justice system; the
binding nature of the powers of presidents of general jurisdiction courts; differences in the
powers of presidents of general jurisdiction courts, despite the consolidation of the principle
of unity of the system of general jurisdiction courts; distribution of powers between, on the
one hand, the court president and, on the other hand, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
of the Russian Federation, bodies of the judiciary and administrator — a professional manager,
who is not a judge. It is shown that the powers of presidents of general jurisdiction courts
are governed by various regulatory sources, which differ considerably in terms of their legal
nature: the Constitution, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, presidential decrees, orders
of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and decisions of
the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation. The author considers the procedural powers
divided into general powers and special procedural powers and the nonprocedural powers of
presidents of general jurisdiction courts which are grouped into the powers related to personnel
matters, the powers broken down by subjects and the powers categorized by the nature of
actions. The article promotes the idea of interaction between the court president and judges
following the principle of primus inter pares (first among equal) and the partnership model in
the distribution of powers between the court president and the court administrator (professional
manager), who is offered to take over all operational functions.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: general jurisdiction courts

value: court president

value: procedural powers

value: nonprocedural powers

value: legal status

value: Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

value: judiciary bodies

value: court administrator


dc.contributor.author

value: Belov, Sergei A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Belov, Sergei A. 2022. “Characteristic of legal communication: Addressees of legal acts”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 841–859. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.401 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
While the communicative approach to the law is spread widely today, characteristic of legal
communication are still purely described and weakly researched. Linguists and experts in theory of communication are not involved in discourse of legal notions and practice of law,
whereas jurists are not ready to step out of this discourse. This article represents an attempt
to overcome these difficulties and to find in law necessary parameters (focusing on the figure
of addressee), being equipped with the methodology of communication theory. Resuming
analysis of the substance and conditions of legal communication, the author concludes that
recognized in the contemporary linguistic interaction model of communication with some
limits are applied to the legal communication. Law does not suppose that content of legal acts
(messages of legal communication) is determined solely by intention and will of addresser.
Interpretation of legal acts is an important part of the mechanism of law and it needs active involvement
of addressee, though unlike in communication of other types, the addressee cannot
enjoy the full freedom of interpretation of text, aliened form the addresser. In law, this would
raise a risk of violation the equal protection — fundamental principle of law. Addressees of
legal acts are either executors or enforcers of legal prescriptions. Interpretation of enforcers
tends to be coordinated and unified, leading to forming of collective enforcing addressee.
Anyway, the execution of legal prescriptions is to be volitional and conscious, therefore the
executors should keep the role of direct addressees as well, though their interpretation of legal
acts will be subordinated to that of enforcers. The non-normative acts in the most cases (excluding
non-reception one-sided deals and private applications to public authorities) have one
main addressee, while the circle of potential addressees remains indefinite.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 19-18-
00525 “Understandability of the official Russian: legal and linguistic issues”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 4

value: legal communication

value: addressee of communication

value: interpretation of legal acts

value: law-enforcement

value: equal protection principle

value: language of legal documents

value: intelligibility of legal acts

value: intelligibility of legal language

value: legal linguistics


dc.contributor.author

value: Lyutov, Nikita L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lyutov, Nikita L. 2022. “Defining the employment discrimination: International labor standards and the Russian approach”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1041–1057. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.413 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article contains an analysis of approaches to the definition of employment discrimination
from the point of view of compliance of Russian legislation and case-law with international labor standards. The prohibition of discrimination includes ensuring equal opportunities for
employees, which sometimes implies the provision of additional guarantees for certain categories
of employees (affirmative action). The problem with such affirmative action norms
established by law is that they themselves can be discriminatory. The courts’ qualification of
discrimination is inevitably judgmental and is based both on the values of society and on the
subjective opinion of the judge. In this regard, it is important to understand the boundaries
between legal differentiation and illegal discrimination according to international labor standards.
The article deals with certain aspects of the Russian affirmative action norms in employment
which subject to debates regarding their discriminative nature. The norms concerning
parental leaves granted only to male military personnel, the list of professions with harmful
and dangerous working conditions prohibited for women, the restriction of dismissal of pregnant
women at the initiative of the employer (in comparison with the norms on protection
from dismissal of trade union activists and parents of disabled children), the ban on dismissal
of elderly employees, as well as the possibility of concluding fixed-term employment contracts
with them are analyzed and evaluated in the article. The article draws conclusions about the
need to harmonize the approaches of the Russian legislation and case-law on these issues with
international labor standards developed within the framework of the International Labour
Organisation, the United Nations and the Council of Europe.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article was written as part of scientific research project No. 19-18-00517 commissioned by the
Russian Science Foundation.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: employment discrimination

value: affirmative action

value: equality of opportunities

value: protection from dismissal

value: dismissal of pregnant women

value: lists of prohibited professions

value: fixed-term employment contract

value: elderly employees

value: labor disputes

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Bityutskaya, Ekaterina V.

value: Khanaliyeva, Nasiba N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bityutskaya E. V., Khanaliyeva N. N. Features of coping with situations of change among representatives of Azerbaijani culture. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 487–506. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.407 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the response of Azerbaijanis to life situations of
change. Since the situations of change are characterized by dynamism, uncertainty and a
great expenditure of resources, and the perception of such events is often associated with
stress and threat, the phenomenon of responding to changes and structural uncertainty
may be studied in the context of coping. The empirical research was conducted out within
the framework of mixed methods approaches and included two stages. At the first stage,
the quantitative data of the Azerbaijani sample (N = 278) were analyzed. The indicators of
consistency and intercorrelations of scales, descriptive statistics, as well as the results of the
exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire “Types of response to a changing situation”
were considered. Changes in the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were identified.
In order to explain the discovered facts at the second stage, qualitative data were analyzed:
descriptions of response models to changes (N = 42; using the method of grounded
theory in the version of K. Charmaz) and explanations of the drawings “Image of changes”
(N = 88). It was found that the majority of Azerbaijani respondents report a rare preference
for structural uncertainty and a frequent desire to maintain the stability of the situation. The
difference between the models of response to changes described by Azerbaijani and Russian
students-psychologists is shown. While the methods are called similar (planning, positive
reappraisal, etc.), their combination in models, and categorization (whether the action refers
to acceptance or rejection of changes) diverge. Based on the analysis of quantitative
and qualitative data, an ambivalent response is described: the use of both accepting and
rejection the change strategies. The results are discussed in two contexts: 1) cultural values
of Azerbaijan (collectivism, orientation on rules); 2) the need to comprehensively consider
of coping strategies. The study expands the understanding of the mechanisms of cultural
determination of coping with the situation of change, and offers a new data analysis scheme
that allows to identify cultural differences.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-013-
00838 “Cognitive, emotional, behavioral components of the image of a difficult life situation”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology;Volume 12; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: life situation of changes

value: coping strategy

value: structural uncertainty

value: rule orientation


dc.contributor.author

value: Rean, Arthur A.

value: Stavtsev, Alexey A.

value: Shevchenko, Andrey O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rean A. A., Stavtsev A. A., Shevchenko A. O. Personal strengths (VIA model) among teachers of different generations. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology, 2022, vol. 12, issue 4, pp. 507–526. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2022.408 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article describes the relationship between the expression of 24 personality strengths (in
the VIA model) and age-related affiliation in teachers. The actuality and novelty of this study is
the use of innovative methodological apparatus in the paradigm of generational research. The
aim of the article is to study the correlation between the teachers’ age group and the expression
of personality strengths in the VIA (Values in Action) model, one of the key models in the
framework of positive psychology research area. The study was participated by educators from
different regions, the age of the respondents was 18–75 years, the study group of respondents
totaled N = 7938. The research shows the dynamics of changes in personality strengths depending
on the generation of teachers. The personality strengths that are best described by
generational changes are also presented, such as: love, spirituality, love of learning, gratitude,
sense of humor, prosocial activity. The difference in the expression of personality strengths depending
on the age of teachers was revealed. Using statistical analysis, it was found that teachers
born between 1970 and 1979 have a significant “statistical slump” in the scales of curiosity,
breadth of vision, courage. In some cases, “statistical drawdown” of “Spirituality” scale value
is observed for the generation 1992–2002 in comparison with other generations. Also, the codrop
of the 1992–2002 generation and the 1980–1991 generation was discovered to be: “Love
for Learning”, “Kindness”, “Humility”, “Forgiveness”, “Gratitude” and “Prosocial Activity”. The
presented model is an important step in the study of the interrelationships of 24 personality
strengths in the context of the professional characteristics of the individual. With the help of
the results of this study, it is possible to evaluate approaches to stimulating the personal potential
of teachers of different ages. In the future, it is possible to study generational differences
using the VIA model in other professional areas as well.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: personality strengths

value: positive psychology

value: generation of teachers

value: VIA


dc.contributor.author

value: Samvel M., Kochoi

value: Trapaidze, Konstantin Z.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kochoi, Samvel M., Konstantin Z. Trapaidze. 2022. “Armed attacks and murders in educational organizations: Criminal law and criminological assessments”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 910–926. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.405 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The tragedy of May 2021 in one of the Kazan schools could not but bring back to the society a
heated debate as to ways to counter violence against students and teachers in educational organizations
(the so-called “school shooting” after the respective term in the English language).
We believe that alongside with journalists, psychologists and politicians, experts in the field of
criminal law and criminology should also come out with their recommendations. This paper
examines the practice of criminal law as to classifying mass shooting in educational organizations
of the Russian Federation, and concludes on the legality of prosecuting the crime perpetrators,
there being cause, either such as murder or as a terrorist act. The authors do not consider
it expedient to amend the terrorist act statutory definition (Article 205 of the Criminal
Code of the Russian Federation) so that it would cover all cases of “school shooting” without
distinction. Nonetheless, doubts are expressed as to the sufficient propriety of the recommendation
issued by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Resolution “On court practice several issues related to criminal cases on crimes of terrorism”) to qualify an
act of terrorism, which resulted in intentional death, under Article 205 of the RF Criminal
Code alone. The authors analyzed the materials available to them regarding the cases of mass
shooting in educational organizations, which fact has provided an opportunity to identify a
number of circumstances, considering which appears necessary when developing measures to
prevent and stop them. Particular attention among such measures should be paid to engaging
as necessary directly with students in educational organizations, harmonizing relations both
among students per se and between students and teachers.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The part of the reported study by S. M. Kochoi was funded by the State Task No. 075-00293-20-02,
dated May 25, 2020, “Transformation of Russian law in the face of big challenges: Theoretical and applied
foundations”, No. FSMW-2020-0030.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: murder of two or more persons

value: columbineers

value: schoolshooting

value: terrorist act

value: bullying

value: prevention of schoolshootings

dc.title

value: Article


title: Brexatom and its legal consequences

dc.contributor.author

value: Lebedeva, Yulia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lebedeva, Yulia V. 2022. “Brexatom and its legal consequences”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 990–1006. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.410 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article provides information about the legal consequences of Brexatom after the entry into
force on January 1, 2021 of the Agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the European Atomic Energy Community for cooperation
on the safe and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. After the signing of the international
agreement, a new stage of relations began for the Euratom and the UK, based on the provisions
of international law and the IAEA’s “soft law” norms; although the peculiarity is that, the Parties
recognized the four freedoms of internal nuclear common market of the EU. At the same
time, the norms of English case law and EU law also formed the basis of bilateral relations
between the UK and Euratom. Settling topical legal issues such as export controls, physical
protection, nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, enrichment, reprocessing, trade, procurement
of equipment and devices, supply of nuclear material, nuclear transfers, the Euratom and the
UK laid the basis law for further bilateral cooperation on nuclear research and development,
exchange of information and technical expertise on matters within peaceful uses of nuclear
energy. However, the UK maintains its participation in a number of European programs and
projects. The European Commission and the Euratom began to rebuild the legal system for the
supply of nuclear materials and to make changes to the work of the European nuclear fuel cycle.
Further development of relations between the Great Britain and the Euratom will depend
on London’s position and interests in the world nuclear market. If there is a clash of British
interests for the European nuclear market with the companies of France, the USA, China and
Russia, then this will lead to the legal regulation of bilateral relations between England and
Euratom only based on international law.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: international nuclear law

value: European Union law

value: English case law

value: atomic energy

value: nuclear safety

value: peaceful use of nuclear energy

value: Brexatom and its legal consequences


dc.contributor.author

value: Ponomareva, Karina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ponomareva, Karina A. 2022. “New models of taxation of income of international groups of companies: Analysis and prospects of use in Russia”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 1007–1021. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.411 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article discusses the initiatives of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) in the field of taxation of international groups of companies in the era
of the digital economy. Methodological approaches to taxation of the digital economy are
considered, relevant legal mechanisms for taking into account the interests of the fiscal of the
Russian state in the conditions of digital transformation are determined. The analysis of new
OECD tax projects in the context of the application of tax legislation and double tax treaties, in particular, the rules for determining the existence of a permanent establishment and
calculating the tax base attributed to a permanent establishment, as well as the application
of transfer pricing rules, is carried out. In addition, the analysis of these OECD documents
from the point of view of the potential impact on the Russian fiscal base was carried out. The
methodological basis of the research consists of both general scientific methods (dialectical-materialistic,
systemic, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis) and interdisciplinary, as well
as legal research methods. The study is based on a comparative legal method that allows comparing
similar legal problems existing in legislation and international treaties, as well as identifying
optimal ways to resolve them. The foundations of tax systems laid down in the 1920s
traditionally took into account the principles of source of income and residency. In the new
world of globalization and the digital economy, these principles become significant obstacles
to international trade and at the same time are involved by economic entities in tax competition
or tax avoidance, that is, in their interests to obtain tax benefits.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The article was prepared as part of the task of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation on a
scientific study “Development of a mechanism for taxation of global profit of foreign companies with a high
level of digitalization and a significant economic presence in Russia”.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 4

value: corporate taxation

value: international taxation

value: digital transformation

value: international group of companies

value: permanent establishment

value: transfer pricing


dc.contributor.author

value: Voynikov, Vadim V.,

value: Entin, Mark L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Voynikov, Vadim V., Mark L. Entin. 2022. “The institutional framework of the European Union area of internal security”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 975–989. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.409 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The area of internal security is umbrella definition, which combine two European Union policies
in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. This article
is aimed at solving a scientific problem related to the determination of the essential characteristics
and legal nature of EU bodies and agencies that realize the EU policy on combating
crime. The article studies the institutional framework of the EU area of internal security, analyzes
specialized agencies designed to assist in the implementation of the EU competence in
the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. The main purpose
of the EU bodies and agencies within the area of internal security is to implement the Union’s
competence in combating crime, this function is realized mainly through coordination of the
activities of national law enforcement agencies. The creation of union bodies does not mean
a decrease in the competence of the law enforcement agencies of the Member States. The authors
conclude that EU bodies and agencies have a number of common features and essential
characteristics that allow them to be distinguished as a relatively independent system. At the
same time, the authors admit the possibility of qualifying these bodies as specific integration
law enforcement agencies that have limited competence covering certain aspects of the fight
against crime. According to the authors, the process of further development of the system of
integration law enforcement bodies of the EU is currently underway, one of the features of
this development is the strengthening of the supranational component. The study allows us to
consider Europol, Eurojust, Cepol and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office not as separate
bodies aimed on particular purposes, but as the elements of the special system and which
develop according to the common rules.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: European Union

value: area of internal security

value: cooperation in criminal matters

value: police cooperation

value: fighting against crime

value: law enforcement agencies

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Goriacheva, Anastasia I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Goriacheva, Anastasia I. 2022. “Modification or termination of contracts due to international economic sanctions from the standpoint of Russian legislation and court practice”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 877–895. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.403

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this article the author covers the problem of possible modification or termination of contracts
due to international economic sanctions, in particular the US and EU sanctions against
Russia. The author analyses relevant legislative acts, approaches of governmental authorities
and court practice on this matter. This extensive analysis includes overview of development of
main legal doctrines and institutions, related to the subject matter of this article. Moreover, it
covers definitions of the relevant terms. This article is mainly aimed at defining a list of criteria
to rely on when determining the possibility to modify or terminate a contract due to international
economic sanctions in each particular case. The author raises the hypothesis that possibility
to modify or terminate a contract due to international economic sanctions is subject to
a closed list of criteria. The subject matter of this article is important since sanctions are now
one of the main instruments of political influence in interstate relations and have a significant
impact on all types of contractual relationships. Today, a major and common challenge faced
by market participants is the inability to enforce contracts the way they were originally entered
into. Due to the fact that in Russia it is rare for contracts to be amended or terminated due
to newly imposed sanctions, parties do not always find themselves in a position to enforce a
contract in a timely manner or to perform at all. As a result, the stability of the business environment
is disrupted and the level of trust is reduced. Thus, it is highly important to perform
a thorough analysis of this matter and provide possible solutions for market participants.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Law;Volume 13; Issue 4

dc.subject

value: international economic sanctions

value: sanctions

value: clausula rebus sic stantibus

value: substantial change of circumstances

value: contracts

value: hardship


dc.contributor.author

value: Fonotova, Olga V.

value: Ukolova, Maria D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fonotova, Olga V., Maria D. Ukolova. 2022. “The impact of foreign economic sanctions on commercial contracts”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 4: 963–974. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.408

dc.description.abstract

value:
Foreign economic sanctions were in the focus of domestic lawyers’ attention for half a dozen
years. The new legal regime for persons directly or indirectly involved in sanctioned cross-border
commercial activities has been studied in science mainly in the context of public law, and — in
the applied aspect — through the prism of compliance procedures. However, no less important
is the problem of sanctions regulation in its embodiment in the private law instruments of
contract law. The purpose of the study is to summarize and analyze the effectiveness of the
accumulated practice of the use of pre-contractual and contractual mechanisms to manage
the risks caused by foreign restrictive measures. To achieve the goal, general scientific methods
of analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as the comparative legal method and approaches
of economic and empirical analysis of law are used. Following the presentation of the leading
approaches of the Russian state courts to the legal qualification of economic sanctions, the
most promising options to manage the risks of sanctions for business at the pre-contractual
and contractual stages are studied. In line with best business practices, pre-contractual
mechanisms of compliance procedures (external and internal compliance) as well as contractual
ways to mitigate sanctions risks proved to be the most effective for alleviation of the sanctions
burden. Both sets of measures are developed and introduced into the daily routine by business
participants themselves. Contractual regulation makes a decisive contribution to reducing the
degree of negative legal consequences for business. To effectively manage risk, representatives
of the business community use a wide range of contractual provisions: sanctions clauses, force
majeure clauses, currency choice clauses, applicable law clauses and arbitration clauses. The
success of such contractual initiatives, strengthened by the development of standard forms and
terms of commercial contracts, is confirmed by judicial and business practice.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: economic sanctions

value: sanctions compliance

value: sanctions clause

value: commercial contracts

value: legal risk management

value: contract work


dc.contributor.author

value: Davydov, A. Yu.

value: Kirillova, E. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Davydov A. Yu., Kirillova E. A. ‘Soviet Administrator N. I. Ivanov: Tragedy of the Economic Leader of the 1920s — 1930s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022, pp. 672–686. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.309 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using previously unpublished archival documents, this article provides one of the first studies on the
biography of prominent Leningrad political and economic figure N. I. Ivanov. During War Communism and NEP
he served as labor commissar for the Union of Communes of the Northern Region, headed the Department of
municipal economy of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd/Leningrad Soviet, was was the second deputy
chairman of the Еxecutive Сommittee of the Leningrad City Soviet. In the conditions of NEP he had to make
compromises with businessmen and specialists from “former people”. In the “year of the great turning point”, he
was fired from all posts and sent to work as a mechanic at a factory. During industrialization he was forgiven and
became a director of the Lenmetallurgstroy plant. In 1937 Ivanov fell victim to the “Great Terror”, and was arrested
and died. The article provides reasons for the repression of responsible Soviet business executives: it was found
that effective administrators of the “ideologically vicious” NEP deviated from the strictly class line by necessity and
were punished for this during Stalin’s “revolution form above”. At the same time, the factors of the deployment of
massive repressive campaigns against factory directors influenced the processes of the formation of the socialist
subjectivity of the builders of the new world. The article traces how in the 1930s, when propaganda extolled labor
collectives as true creators of a perfect civilization, Ivanov had to deviate from the imperative principle of the
collectivist worldview, and was forced to rely on the professional core of factory specialists, sometimes opposing
himself to the bulk of the factory workers. This is the tragedy of the economic leader of Stalin’s time.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 12; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Leningrad

value: NEP

value: Great Terror

value: executive committee

value: Petrograd

value: Soviet

value: public utilities

value: Lenmetallurgstroy

value: political campaigns

value: sabotage

value: Soviet identity

dc.title

value: Article