dc.contributor.author

value: Tikhonov, Roman V.

value: Ammalainen, Arthur V.

value: Moroshkina, Nadezhda V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tikhonov R. V., Ammalainen A. V., Moroshkina N. V. The variety of metacognitive feelings: Different phenomena or different terms? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology and Education, 2018, vol. 8, issue 3, pp. 214–242.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Conscious experiences accompanying cognition and related to its process are called “metacognitive
feelings”. There are several dozens of terms for designating their varieties: “a feeling
of confidence”, “a feeling of warmth”, “a feeling of knowing”, “a feeling of familiarity” and many
others. Some researchers suggest that these terms denote different mental phenomena, while
others point to their similarity. The article contains descriptions of metacognitive feelings and
provides a review of their classifications. We distinguish two approaches to understanding
the functions and content of metacognitive processes. The “specific approach” suggests that
metacognitive experiences initially provide the information about their source, allowing to
monitor and to control mental processes. According to the “nonspecific approach”, metacognitive
experiences serve as a signal, reflecting the results of unconscious processing without communicating the content and the source of underlying processes. In this case, the aim of
consciousness is not to directly control the underlying processes, but to identify the causes
of the nonspecific signal. The problem of the variety of metacognitive feelings is resolved in
different ways within the two approaches. In the specific approach, the diversity of metacognitions
derives from different mental processes, resulting in distinguishable subjective experiences.
In the nonspecific approach, metacognitive feelings arise at later stages of information
processing as a result of attribution of the nonspecific signal to certain mental phenomena or
the external world. We conclude that recently there has been a gradual shift from the specific
approach to the nonspecific approach, but only a few authors explicitly formulate their position.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Публикация подготовлена при поддержке РФФИ, проект № 17-06-00473.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology and Education;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: metacognition

value: metacognitive processes

value: subjective judgments

value: attribution

value: fluency of processing

value: consciousness

value: cognitive unconscious


dc.contributor.author

value: Kalnitskaya, Elena Ya.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kalnitskaya, Elena. “Theatrical staging as a method of museum space designer’s projecting”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 480–507.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the problem of creating new expositions of the State Museum Reserve
“Peterhof ” on the basis of modern interaction between the museum and theater. Historical
displays in Peterhof palaces are analyzed first, and then the focus is shifted to the history
of emergence of new diverse expositions designed by means of theatricalization of the the historical space of the museum-reserve. The comparison of the principles of organising these
expositions, called “historical cultural projects”, as well as the comparison between the types
of museum and theater entertainment, receives a fundamentally new theoretical understanding.
Nowadays, the creation of the museum exposition is considered to be a specific sphere
of art, architecture and design. Traditionally, it was perceived as the main form of presenting
historical and cultural heritage in the form of an artificially created spatial structure displaying
objects. At present, the latest innovative information technologies have introduced dynamics
into this process, made it possible to present an original interpretation of the theme of the exposition
on the basis of musical, dramatic, audiovisual and other means. Today, the exhibition
is characterized by the complexity of conceptual solutions and a diversity of plastic expression,
which brings this genre closer to the theatrical action, and the museum environment is constructed
according to the principles of scenography. In this regard, the traditional exhibitional
techniques based on the display of the totality of museum items selected according to a certain
system are replaced with methods of museumification of cultural phenomena. To implement
such tasks, museum specialists work together with theater directors and stage designers, following
a specially written scenario. As a result, museum theatricalization rises to the level of a
complex interdisciplinary phenomenon, manifested in a subject-shaped context. Synthesizing
research, aesthetic and emotional components of the exhibition, entertainment becomes an
understandable medium between the past and the present, determines the connection between
the museum and the visitor, fully enables to create “museums of lost events” and to
museumify the phenomena of culture.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 3

value: The State Museum Reserve Peterhof

value: museum space

value: theatrical staging

value: exposition design

value: synthesis of museum and theatrical art language

value: methodical of designer’s exposition projecting

value: expositional dramaturgy

value: innovative artistic design

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Shchelkova, Olga Yu.

value: Eremina, Daria A.

value: Iakovleva, Maria V.

value: Shindrikov, Roman Yu.

value: Kruglova, Nadezhda E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shchelkova О. Yu., Eremina D. A., Iakovleva M. V., Shindrikov R. Yu., Kruglova N. E. Methodology for the development of the system model of prognosis for cardiovascular diseases. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology and Education, 2018, vol. 8, issue 3, pp. 271–292.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the necessity and timeliness of development of the system prognostic
model, which in its unity will display the three main terms of therapeutic dynamics in cardiovascular
diseases (CVD) — medical, psychological and social. The main attention is paid to the
prognostic factors of the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease
during rehabilitation and in long-term periods after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG),
as well as to psychosocial assessment in the period of preparation for heart transplantation in
the terminal stage of chronic heart failure. Based on the analysis of modern literature, the need
for a comprehensive study of the psychological factors of prognosis is shown; among them a
special position is held by the dynamics of patients’ cognitive functioning, closely related to
the hemodynamics of the brain in CVD, as well as patients’ adherence to treatment during
rehabilitation after CABG and during preparation for heart transplantation. The program of
empirical research is presented, including the study of the relationship between patients’ biological,
clinical, psychological and social characteristics and the CVD prognosis. The results
of the first stage of the study of 111 CHD patients, aimed at identifying the most informative
psychological factors in terms of labor prognosis after cardiac operations, are also presented
in the article proving the special socio-economic importance of the problem of patients’ nonreturn
to work after successful myocardial revascularization. It is planned to carry out a metaanalysis
of prognostic studies presented in the scientific literature, and to design a systematic
(biopsychosocial) prediction model for CVD upon completion of a study of 400 CVD patients
using mathematical modeling methods. The next step in studying the factors of the prognosis
will be an empirical verification of the developed model which will allow substantiating the
main ways of psychological intervention in life-threatening heart diseases with the aim of increasing
the effectiveness of treatment and optimizing the quality of patients’ life.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Проект реализуется при поддержке РФФИ (№ 18-013-00689а).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology and Education;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: system concept

value: biopsychosocial prediction model

value: cardiovascular diseases

value: rehabilitation

value: cognitive dynamics

value: adherence to treatment (compliance)

value: social and labor recovery

value: psychosocial assessment in transplantation


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernysheva, Maria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernysheva, Maria. “Images of national history in Russian art of the 19th century. Research prospects”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 460–79.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the middle of the 19th century, images of the national past began to play a new and unprecedentedly
important role in the Russian visual culture. However, they are still under-researched
or fragmentary studied. The author of this article analyzes and compares the ways scholars approach
the visual historicism of that time and determines those forms of the representation of
Russian history that have not attracted close attention of scholars before. The author demonstrates
that among such forms there was a new type of history painting (“genre historique” /
“historical genre”) which was created in French art in the first third of the 19th century and
emerged in Russia in the 1860s. In this author’s opinion the historical genre should be further
examined in relation to its two aspects. One of them concerns the representation of history,
that is, the problems of historicism; the other is related to the modernization of painting, that
is, artistic problems as such. Hence, two difficult questions arise. 1. What modes of perception
and representation of the national past (those that cannot be achieved in graphics, sculpture,
architecture, literature, and historiography) did the “historical genre” open up in painting?
2. Which artistic innovations did the “historical genre” demonstrate, outpacing other genres
in Russian painting of the period?

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Russian art of the 19th century

value: visual culture of the 19th century

value: historical consciousness of the 19th century

value: representation of the Russian history

value: historical genre

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pavlov, Andrei P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pavlov A. P. The Ruling Circles of Russia in the Final Stage of the Time of Troubles. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 729–747.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the position of the boyars and court elites at the final
stage of the Time of Troubles (1613–1619). During the Time of Troubles, the boyars lost their
authority and influence in the country. After the liberation of Moscow, the boyars, who had
been besieged in the Kremlin with the Poles, were forced to retire to their estates and came
to Moscow only by February 21. However, the boyars could not unite and nominate a single
candidate for the throne. The election of Mikhail Romanov took place without a solid support
by the boyar aristocracy and gentry. The decisive role in the election of Mikhail Romanov
to the throne belonged to the Cossacks and common people who supported his candidacy.
With the ascension of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich to the throne, the traditional position of the
Boyar Duma was restored, but this did not ensure the victory of the old boyar aristocracy.
The lack of corporate unity among the old aristocracy and serious contradictions between
the old boyars and the leaders of the “Sovet Vseia Zemli” contributed to the court group of
relatives and favorites of the mother of Tsar Mikhail, headed by Saltykov, coming to power. In
the years 1613–1619, the Boyar Duma and the ceremonial ranks were intensively replenished
by people from the Romanovs’ circle. The author comes to the conclusion that during the first
years of the reign of Mikhail Fyodorovich, the position of the Romanovs in the ruling elite was
strengthened, which helped to overcome the political crisis of the Time of Troubles.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: the Time of Troubles

value: Boyar and court elite

value: Zemskii Sobor

value: Tsar election

value: the political struggle

value: Mikhail Romanov

value: Romanov dynasty


dc.contributor.author

value: Pivovarova, Nadezhda V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pivovarova, Nadezhda. “The Icon of the Mother of God of Jerusalem from the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin and its lost original. On the question of copying ancient icons in the Muscovite workshop in the late 17th — early 18th centuries”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 437–59.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the results of the work on studying Moscow icon painting from the end of
the late XVII — early XVIII centuries. The author examines the history of copying the miracle-
working icon of Mother of God of Jerusalem from the Assumption Cathedral in the Moscow
Kremlin. The information about copies of icon from the Museums of Moscow Kremlin (nowadays
— in the Assumption Cathedral), from the Church of Archangel Michael in Bronnitsy
(nowadays — in the Church of Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki in Malakhovo near Moscow)
and from the collection of the State Russian Museum (Tikhon Goranskii’s icon of 1710) is given.
The author establishes the differences in the iconography and analyzes the content of some of
the inscriptions on the icons. The inscription on Tikhon Goranskii’s icon enables to justify the
version of the origin of the ancient original of Theotokos icon from Novgorod the Great. In connection
with the history of the existence of the ancient image, the author considers the question
about its original location in the altar screen of the Cathedral of St.Sophia in Novgorod. Other
icons connected with the ancient altar screen of Novgorod cathedral are analysed for research
purposes (the icon of Saint Apostles Paul and Peter from the end of XX — the beginning of XII
centuries and the icon of the Mother of God of Korsun of the XII century). Special attention
is paid to the question of ancient icon frames of “Korsun icons” (preserved in Novgorod, and
known by the printed inventories from Moscow Assumption Cathedral). On the basis of resorting
to inventories, the author makes a suggestion about the consequences of the restoration of
the ancient icon in the Moscow Royal workshops. At the end of the article new archival documents
on the Muscovite icon painter Tikhon Goranskii are published.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научно-исследовательского проекта № 16-04-00258 «Московские царские мастерские и искусство региональных художественных центров в конце XVI — XVII в. Опыт атрибуции произведений иконописи и прикладного искусства позднего русского Средневековья».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 8; Issue 3

value: Jerusalem Icon

value: Mother of God

value: the Moscow Kremlin

value: Tikhon Goranskii

value: Cathedral of St. Sophia in Novgorod

value: altar screen


title: From the history of the restoration of artistic furniture in Russia. Some facts of the activity of the Office of the Court Quartermaster at the Imperial Court in the 19th century

dc.contributor.author

value: Torbik, Vladimir S.

value: Chalikova, Elizaveta A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Torbik, Vladimir, and Elizaveta Chalikova. “From the history of the restoration of artistic furniture in Russia. Some facts of the activity of the Office of the Court Quartermaster at the Imperial Court in the 19th Century”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 8, no. 3 (2018): 508–24.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the activities of the Office of the Court Quartermaster which was founded
to preserve and keep in order furniture and other decorative objects of the imperial palaces
in the XIX century. The documents describing the requirements for maintaining furniture
as well as the duties of those responsible for the preserving palace property are outlined. The
Commissary of Furniture department was in charge of interior decoration. His job description
included criteria which he was supposed to apply in order to maintain palace furniture;
the type and frequency of the restoration tasks. The work itself was carried out by artisans
from the Artisan Company. The article exemplifies types of such tasks. Of special importance
are the documents that reveal the frequency of restoration work. In order to supply the Artisan
Company with qualified personnel, a school for the children of artisans employed by
the Office of the Court Quartermaster was created. The principles and methods used in the
school for practical training of craftsmen are studied in the article. A special attention is paid
to the forms of upbringing and selection of pupils in accordance with their aptitudes. The
craftsmen of the Office of the Court Quartermaster were unable to undertake all the tasks of
maintaining in proper condition the entire palace property. To carry out works to eliminate
the consequences of natural disasters the Office hired independent masters by tender. Their
activities are outlined in the documents describing various kinds of work on the preservation
of palace property. In addition, independent masters received commissions for furniture items
to complete palace interiors. As an example of such task, the design drawing of a pier glass for
Peterhof Palace is presented, which shows a new eclectic approach to designing and manufacturing
furniture. The article is based on the study and analysis of archival documents, many of
which are published for the first time.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: the office of the head of state

value: furniture

value: master

value: repair

value: restoration

value: school

value: eclectic

value: palace interior

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Chernyavskii, Stanislav I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chernyavskiy S. I. The Russian Revolution in the Correspondence of Swiss Diplomats. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 783–798.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Epistolary heritage of diplomats is an invaluable historical source providing information, fascinating
and vivid personal memoirs, but dry reports to the country’s leadership about the
events taking place in the host country are of special interest. Examining activity of foreign
diplomats in Russia, it’s necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the concrete epoch.
Two revolutions in Russia — in February and October 1917 — not only destroyed the mighty
Russian empire, but also became the catalyst for the elimination of the German, Austro-Hungarian
and Ottoman empires. The correspondence of Swiss diplomats is of great interest to a
historian because this small neutral country was, actually, a cradle for some generations of
revolutionaries who had grown up there and came back to Russia in 1917. The diplomats in
their correspondence impressively depicted the situation in Russia during the hard year. However,
the value of their correspondence is not only in this picture. Circumstances made them
seek ways of reconciliation between enemies. It was very important for the Swiss leadership
to understand whether rebellious Russia could resist Germany, and whether it was ready for
a separate truce. The article analyzes the activity of the diplomats with regard to this aspect.
In the tragic context of emerging of a new world, diplomats were at the frontline between two
opposing sides. The correspondence sheds light on the course of diplomatic confrontation. It
is not the diplomats who are to blame for the disruption in the Russian-Swiss relations. The article
is based on the archival documents of the Russian and Swiss Ministries of Foreign Affairs.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: mission in Petrograd

value: Robert Grimm

value: the October Revolution

value: the Russian mission in Berne


dc.contributor.author

value: Prohorenkov, Igor’ A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Prohorenkov I. A. The Project of Polish-Russian Union in Geliash Pelgrimowsky’s Diaries. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 702–717.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of Geliash Pelgrimowsky’s rhymed diary, which is considered
quite an uncommon source of information about the history of the embassy of Lew
Sapieha to Moscow in 1600. At the end of the 16th century, due to the complicated foreign
policy situation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the ideas of Polish-Moscow union
were reborn. The chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, who had previously shown
himself as a prominent supporter of the interstate association, was chosen as the head of the
Polish-Lithuanian embassy. The project of union represented by Lew Sapieha in Moscow was
firmly rejected by Boris Godunov because of the substantial infringement of Russian interests
in the terms of agreement. Traditionally, in order to reconstruct the history of diplomatic
mission of Lew Sapieha, researchers resort to a wide range of sources: official diaries, embassy
books, diplomatic documentation, etc. However, the status of one source — the historical
poem “Poselstwo i krótkie spisanie rozprawy z Moskwą” by Geliash Pelgrimowsky, which was
dedicated to the history of this embassy — hasn’t been defined for a long time. The text of
“Poselstwo…” is based entirely on documentary sources, and the author himself was an eyewitness
of the described events. Nevertheless, Pelgrimovsky’s text is very tendentious. The author
of the paper comes to the conclusion that the chronology and facts in the “rhymed diary”
were considerably distorted by Pelgrimowsky to reflect the propagandistic nature of his work.
The text of his poem cannot be used as a reliable basis for the reconstruction of the history of
the embassy of Lew Sapieha to Moscow.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: the history of Polish-Russian relations

value: Geliash Pelgrimowsky

value: Lew Sapieha


title: Newly Discovered Letters and Petitions of the Time of Trouble from the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius and its Patrimony

dc.contributor.author

value: Tyumentsev, Igor O.

value: Tupikova, Nataliya A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tyumentsev I. O., Tupikova N. A. Newly Discovered Letters and Petitions of the Time of Trouble from the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius and Its Patrimony. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 935–948.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Introducing into scholarship new sources of the Times of Troubles is determined by the demands
and relevance of the research regarding one of the most significant periods in the history
of Russian, the study of social-class relations, norms of everyday behavior, and family and
kinship ties in Russia at the beginning of the 17th century. The discussion of the issue in the paper
also stems from the necessity of extending linguistic knowledge and knowledge of sources
about pre-national development of the cultural and linguistic situations, and their manifestation
in real texts demonstrating variants of written and oral language culture of this epoch.
The authors have analyzed and published three unknown letters from the Trinity Lavra of St.
Sergius written during its siege by the Sapieha ‘s mercenary army in 1608–1610, and three
petitions from the monastic estates captured by Sapieha`s supporters. The new documents
recently found in well-known archival collections add to the “fund” of Trinity papers of the
Russian archive of “thievish” hetman Jan Sapieha (1608–1611). The archive was reconstructed
by the team of Volgograd scholars in 2005, which opened up opportunities for search of documents.
The discovered sources confirm the correct application of methodology and make up
for the existing informative “gaps” concerning the situation in the monastery. Details of different
events which took place in the territories of Moscow areas occupied by the mercenaries
are described in the letters and petitions. The authors examine both historical events assessed
by their immediate participants, and information on private life and connections between
various social groups. The observations allow for quite verifiable suggestions concerning the
hardships experienced by both noble and ordinary people during the Time of Troubles. The
paper also shows the tendencies of compiling documents according to the established formal
and informal practice of written communication at the beginning of 17th century.

dc.subject

value: the Time of Troubles

value: the siege of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius

value: the reconstruction of the Russian archive of Jan Sapieha

value: the letters from the sieged territory

value: humble petitions

value: the everyday life of various layers of Russian population

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Daudov, Abdulla Kh.

value: Shorokhov, Vladimir A.

value: Andreev, Artiom A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Daudov A. Kh., Shorokhov V. A., Andreev A. A. Anatomy of the Political Transformations during the Period of the Dissolution of the USSR on the Material from Kūhistoni Badakhshon. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 799–822.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper focuses on the anatomy of the ethno-political transformations of the unique
administrative unit of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic during the late Perestroika period
(1989–1991). The research object is the Kūhistoni Badakhshon Autonomous Region (GBAO
or simply the Pamirs). The subject being analyzed is the response to the massive crisis of the
dissolution of the USSR by the exceptional sociopolitical system of the Soviet Pamirs. The core
of the sources for the study was made up of documents and write-ups from the State archive
of Kūhistoni Badakhshon Autonomous Region named after Kh. Buribekov (town of Khorugh,
Tajikistan). These funds reflected the activities of main local political institutions, such as the
Regional Soviet of the people’s deputies, Executive Committee of GBAO, the Supreme Soviet
of Tajikistan and its Presidium. The information from the national and regional press was also
examined. On the basis of a wide range of sources it has become possible to reconstruct the
features of administrative and social disorganization of the autonomous region as well as the
key aspects in its search for new prospects. The “dissection” of the political transformations in
the Pamirs in 1989–1991 enabled the scholars to conclude that the project of sovereignization
of GBAO was unfeasible for many reasons, such as cultural antagonisms inside the region;
discord among the “old” communist elites over the act “On GBAO” and declaration of the republic; economic dependency on the Soviet centre; passiveness of the “ethnic Pamiri” in the
republic administration of Tajikistan. The main external factors which should be emphasized
were the influence of the conflict in Afghanistan and the absence of the support from
“democratic” elite of the RSFSR.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: This research was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for the young PhDs N МК-5515.2018.6 “Russia and Ethno-Political Processes in The Kūhistoni Badakhshon Autonomous Region of Tajikistan (1991–2005)”

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Kūhistoni Badakhshon

value: Late Soviet Period

value: Tajikistan

value: Ethno-Political History

value: Dissolution of the Soviet Union


dc.contributor.author

value: Koptev, Aleksandr V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Koptev A. V. The Making of Plebeian Secessions in Roman Historiography. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 823–844.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The early two centuries of the Roman Republic were filled with conflicts between the patricians
and the plebeians. From 494 BC onwards, the Roman plebs used several social crises
to force the patrician Senate to satisfy their demands, withdrawing from Rome to a sacred
mount. The secessio plebis has been considered in scholarship a revolutionary movement of
the people. However, the dissonance between the objectives declared by the plebeians and the
obtained results of the secessions suggests that the idea of secessio may have originated in the
later republican historiography. The mons sacer to which the plebeians temporary resettled
is identified with the Alban Mount rather than with an unknown mountain in the Sabine
country. A prototype of the plebeian withdrawal from Rome was the annual celebration of the
Feriae Latinae, during which newly elected consuls accompanied by soldiers and large masses
of people visited the sanctuaries of Jupiter on the Alban Mount. The pontifical chronicles also
recorded withdrawals of plebeians for the establishment of a new settlement or a tribe. The
foundation of a tribe or a colony in Latium required a consultation with Jupiter Latiaris on the
Alban Mount, but the same act outside Latium did not need an approval of the deity. That was
why the last, failed, secession is recorded as occurring on the Janiculum, apparently, the site
where Roman people resettling to a new northern colony gathered in 287 BC. Roman historians
used the evidence for archaic customs to sustain the thesis of the Struggle of the Orders
in the early Republic.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: secessio

value: tribunate

value: consulship

value: plebeians

value: patricians

value: Roman Republic

value: mons sacer


dc.contributor.author

value: Parfenov, Victor N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Parfenov V. N. On Evaluating the Reasons for the Revolt of Antonius Saturninus. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 845–857.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the reasons for the military mutiny led by the governor of Upper Germany,
Lucius Antonius Saturninus, against the Emperor Domitian at the beginning of 89 AD. It
is argued that the rebellion came as a complete surprise to the princeps, since there were no
evident reasons for the outbreak of the riot. The article points out the extreme tendentiousness
of ancient sources, which reflected the official version of this event and the purposeful
defamation of the rebel commander post factum. The author comes to the conclusion that if
the personal reasons that caused Saturninus to lead the mutiny existed, then they played a
secondary role. His troops opposed the emperor mainly because of the dissatisfaction of soldiers
and officers with the end of the Roman conquests in Germany and Domitian’s intention
to send them to a difficult and dangerous war in the Danube area. The rebellion was defeated
primarily because, contrary to the year 69, there was no crisis of power in the Roman Empire,
Domitian’s position as the head of the state was indisputable, and his popularity among the
greater part of the army was stable. Therefore, the uprising of the troops of Upper Germany
was of a local nature, it found no support in the armies of the neighboring provinces, and was
quickly suppressed by Saturninus’ colleague, the Legate of Lower Germany, Lappius Maximus.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

value: Emperor Domitian

value: Antonius Saturninus

value: Upper Germany

value: legions

value: revolt

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Almazova, Olga V.

value: Bukhalenkova, Daria A.

value: Veraksa, Alexander N.

value: Yakupova, Vera A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Almazova O. V., Bukhalenkova D. A., Veraksa A. N., Yakupova V. A. The connection between theory of mind and executive functions in the senior preschool age. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology and Education, 2018, vol. 8, issue 3, pp. 293–311.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This research is devoted to the study of the connection between executive functions and theory
of mind in the older preschool age. Despite the active study of this field in foreign psychology,
similar experimental studies in Russia are still relatively few, and very few of them are
devoted to preschool age. It can be assumed that this situation is related, among other things,
to the lack of a developed diagnostic tool aimed at studying the theory of mind. In this regard,
the purpose of our investigation was to study the connection between the development of the
theory of mind and the development of executive functions with the help of foreign methods
of diagnosing these abilities adapted by us. The study involved 267 children aged 5–6 years
(143 boys and 124 girls), pupils of the older groups of kindergartens in Moscow. The analysis
of the obtained results showed the presence of significant connections between all three
components of executive functions (working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition)
and the success of performing tasks on the theory of mind. Also, three types of development
of executive functions in preschool children were identified, and differences in the success of
individual tasks on the theory of mind in children belonging to different types were revealed.
The results of the correlation and cluster analysis testify to the connection between the level of
the child’s understanding of false beliefs and such components of cognitive control as inhibition
and switching. Thus, the conducted research shows the connection between the theory of
mind and cognitive regulation in the senior preschool age. Further study of cognitive abilities
of preschool children will help to better understand and study the logic of development of
such significant social skills as emotional regulation, building positive relationships with peers
and successful behavior in the classroom.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при поддержке Гранта Президента МД-441.2017.6.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Psychology and Education;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: preschool age

value: executive functions

value: a theory of mind


dc.contributor.author

value: Konovalov, Igor A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Konovalov I. A. Crisis of the System of Local Governance in Siberia before the Fall of Autocracy. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 771–782.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article comprehensively considers the local governance in Siberia on the eve of the revolution
of 1917. The powers and activity of local governance as well as the role of administrative
and police authorities are examined. The analysis reveals that the powers of the administrative
and police authorities in the region had their own specificity and were much wider than in the
central provinces of the Russian Empire. In order to maintain order in the region before the
revolution oppressive measures were taken. The combination of police arbitrariness, based on
formalism and paperwork, with oppressive measures was a usual practice of local administration
in Siberia. The economy of the Russian Empire was unprepared for continuous tension.
The war and the issues caused by it led to the destruction and stagnation of the economy.
The Siberian region, as an integral part of Russia, was no exception. The entry of the country
into the First World War brought about destabilization of the socio-economic and political
situation. The rise of anti-government sentiments, along with the inevitable increase in crime,
showed that the opportunity for the modernization of the regional governance was passed up.
The war served as a catalyst for the degradation of the political system of the Russian Empire.
The growth of social tension and grave economic crisis in the region paralyzed the activities of
local administration and police authorities, determining their decay. This was due to a whole
complex of reasons and prerequisites of objective and subjective nature, most important of
which was the overwhelming structural crisis of all spheres of life in the state and society. The
system of administrative and police governance in the region, as well as throughout the country,
began malfunctioning since it was ill-equipped for prompt and rapid response to emerging
events and issues. Being incapable of withstanding the new pressure, it quickly degenerated
and collapsed under the onslaught of revolutionary events in February — March 1917.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: history of Siberia

value: power

value: governance

value: revolution

value: administration

value: governor

value: police

value: authorities


dc.contributor.author

value: Fyodorov, Sergey E.

value: Kliuchko, Boris I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fyodorov S. E., Kliuchko B. I. Coup d’État at the Age of Formation of the Early Modern State. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 898–907.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the 1980s the concept of “État modernе” gained more and more ground in the French
historiography, and conventional statist concepts came in for severe criticism. The debate
centred around not only general approaches concerning continuity of political processes
from Antiquity to Modern times, but also around more specific issues, which, nevertheless,
required serious reconsideration. With regard to this, the phenomenon of coup d’État and its
interpretation in accordance with the development of État modernе is of exceptional interest.
In the Early Modern time, there were no mechanisms of the dialogue between rulers and
political communities. The absence of dialogue didn’t mean the absence of conflict, therefore,
the only remaining means of resolving such conflicts was political cataclysm (including a
coup d’état), and it was absolutely ordinary and imperative in the existing framework at the
time. In order to outline the main features of coups d’État during the period of genesis of État
moderne, it‘s necessary to systematize this phenomenon and to consider concrete examples of
this classification. The most frequent form of coups d’état, and historically the first one at the
time, was usurpation, which was quite natural — as the power was physically represented in
the body of the sovereign. The second form of coups d’État typical of the period of the genesis
of État modernе were extraordinary actions in the course of dynastic crises. The third form of
coups d’état in the period of the genesis of État moderne were coups disguised as the struggle
against conspiracy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This article has been written with support from the Russian National Fund for the Humanities (RGHF)
(grant N 16-01-00108а) and St. Petersburg State University (project No. 11517076)

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Early Modern Western Europe

value: Early Modern State

value: coup d’État

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Fedorov, Aleksandr M.

value: Bashmachnikov, Igor L.

value: Belonenko, Tatyana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Fedorov A. M., Bashmachnikov I. L., Belonenko T. V. Localization of areas of deep convection in the Nordic seas, the Labrador Sea and the Irminger Sea. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 345–362.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Using EN4 data-set from 1950 to 2015, the areas of the most intense deep convective mixing
are identified as the maximum depths of the upper mixed layer during the cold season. It has
been shown that the areas with the maximum registered convection depth of 1500–2000 m are
found in the Greenland basin (73°–76° N, 5° W-1° E) and the Boreas basin (77° N, 1–2.5° W).
This refines the areas of the deep convection derived from in situ data and results of hydrodynamic
modeling. It has been shown that the previously separated in literature areas of deep
convection in the Labrador Sea (55–59° N 50–56° W) and the Irminger Sea (57–60° N, 35–
43° W), are in fact linked into one region by the episodic re-occurrence of the deep convection
(1000 m and more) south of Greenland (between 56°–58° N). The intra-annual variability of
deep convection was studied over the whole period of observations of 1950–2015. It is shown
that the maximum depths of the upper mixed layer in all three seas was usually registered
between December and May. The most often convection reaches the maximum depth in the
Labrador and Irminger seas in March, and in the Greenland Sea — in April.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, грант № 17–17-01151.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: North Atlantic

value: deep convection

value: EN4 data-set

value: depth of upper mixed layer

value: Labrador

value: Irminger

value: Greenland and Norwegian Seas


dc.contributor.author

value: Karpov, V. P.

value: Gavrilova, N. Yu.

value: Gerasimova, G. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karpov V. P., Gavrilova N. Yu., Gerasimova G. I. ‘Socialism in the Tundra: Nenets-Nomads of Yamal on the Waves of Soviet Northern Policy in the 1930–1980s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 679–690.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The development of the Soviet Arctic was accompanied by a conflict between traditional and industrial
cultures. The bearers of the first are representatives of the indigenous peoples of the North, who constitute a
significant part of the population of the territory under development, the second — aliens from the “big earth”,
who violated the traditional way of life of the indigenous people. The Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO),
which is completely located in the Arctic zone, is of special interest in studying the Soviet practice of developing
high latitudes. Here, the rate of change in the 1960s — 1980s was higher than in any other northern region of the
USSR, and the way of life of the indigenous peoples, practically unaffected by the middle of the 20th century, was
subjected to the most serious tests. The colossal natural resources of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District —
water, fish, furs, deer, etc. — could not radically change the status of the District until the unique gas fields were
discovered. Their development became the primary task of the State. By the beginning of the 1980s, the “density”
of economic development of the Tyumen Far North was no longer able to separate in this area the fields of
development of deposits and zones of traditional indigenous fisheries. Aborigines faced a choice: either to retreat
further north or to adopt a new, industrial way of life. Mass transfer to a sedentary lifestyle, the consolidation of settlements, the organization of the education of children in boarding schools, the imposition of other new forms
of life in the Far North almost turned into a loss of the indigenous population. Attention is drawn to the ecological
consequences of the formation of the West Siberian oil and gas complex and its impact on the traditional way of
life of reindeer herders.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

value: Yamal

value: Nenets-nomads

value: Soviet policy

value: industrialization

value: reindeer husbandry

value: natural resources

value: ecology


dc.contributor.author

value: Blanutsa, Victor I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Blanutsa V. I. Measuring the connectivity of cities in Asian Russia for the implementation of breakthrough information and communication technologies. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2018, vol. 63, issue 2, pp. 253–266.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Currently, breakthrough information and communication technologies are being developed,
related to Tactile Internet and full immersion in virtual reality. Their implementation is expected
in the next decade, but now it is necessary to foresee the possible socio-geographical
consequences of such implementation. The most critical parameter of new technologies is a
signal delay. Therefore, based on the author’s database on telecommunication lines, the magnitude
of the signal delay between all the cities of the macroregion of Siberia and the Far East
was calculated. Based on the fact that generators of new services for breakthrough technologies
will be located in cities or congestions of cities with a population of at least a quarter
of a million people and the possibility of implementing new technologies with a delay of up
to 1 millisecond, digital urban agglomerations have been singled out. Twenty-one digital agglomerations
are identified. It is shown that the implementation of breakthrough technologies will lead to a new digital inequality when the Tactile Internet in its entirety can be accessed
only in about half of the cities and will touch just over 80 percent of all the townspeople. The
regional specifics of the implementation of breakthrough technologies in Asian Russia are
revealed, manifested in the absence of a new digital inequality in the Kemerovo region and the
Republic of Khakassia, insignificant (less than five percent) inequality in the Omsk and Tomsk
regions, and in the impossibility of providing tactile Internet services in six regions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Отделения гуманитарных и общественных
наук РФФИ в рамках проекта № 17-03-00307-ОГН «Оценка социально-географических последствий
нарушения связности информационно-коммуникационного пространства России».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 63; Issue 3

value: digital inequality

value: connectivity of space

value: telecommunication network

value: signal delay

value: Tactile Internet

value: digital urban agglomeration

value: Siberia

value: the Far East

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Baranov, A. V.

value: Rvachyova, O. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Baranov A. V., Rvachyova O. V. ‘The protest moods of the Don Cossacks and the repressive state policy of the late 1920s — 1930s’, Modern history of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, p. 613–624.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the late 1920s after the abandonment of the New Economic Policy and expansion of the forced
collectivization relationships between the peasantry and the Party and State authorities sharply deteriorated. The
collectivization was especially painful in the Don Cossack area. The article reveals the causes and forms of protest
mood of the Don Cossacks as well as the activities of Cossack counterrevolutionary organizations in the late
1920s and 1930s. The principal causes of Cossacks’ opposition to the authorities were the forced collectivization
and mass persecutions of the countryside population. In many cases Cossacks’ protests were accompanied
by violence. But in the late 1920s, the Don Cossacks were not able to protest actively as they had been broken
down by the Civil War. Besides the state “face to Cossacks” policy in the south of Russia reached its goals in the
mid-1920s and in 1935–1936. A major part of the Don Cossacks grew loyal to the Soviet power and supported the
authorities in the abandonment of the NEP and conducting collectivization. The reported formation of Cossack
counterrevolutionary organizations on the Don in 1927–1937 turned out to be false in most cases. It is proved
by the newly revealed historical documents. Law-enforcement organs kept on “cleaning out” those who could
menace the state regime while the Cossacks could be easily used to “show” the mass character and widespread
of counterrevolutionary plots from any kind of opposition.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ: проект № 16-11-34003 «Социально-политические настроения донского казачества в период социалистической модернизации 1920–1940 гг.».

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Don Cossacks

value: collectivization

value: forms of protest

value: counterrevolutionary organizations

value: a policy of repressions

value: the late 1920s and 1930s


dc.contributor.author

value: Gusev, N. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gusev N. S. ‘Religious Motif of Perception of the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 and Russian Muslims’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 560–569.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the autumn of 1912, the First Balkan War began, in which the Orthodox States of the Peninsula jointly
opposed the Ottoman Empire. In Russia, these events have evoked a wide response due to various reasons.
One of them was the idea of war as a struggle between Orthodoxy and Islam. In the public space have been the
support of Christians, which caused a negative reaction among Russian Muslims sympathized with Turkey. The
situation was aggravated by the behavior of the regional authorities, which put obstacles to the manifestation of
sympathy for the Ottoman Empire, which was not prohibited by law since Russia adhered to neutrality. As a result,
the collection of donations and the sending of volunteers acquired the character of large-scale illegal activity,
although there were no prohibitions against such steps against the Orthodox States. As a result, two movements
emerged in Russia in parallel and independently of each other, each of which sympathized with its co-religionists, making virtually similar actions in respect of both sides of the Balkan conflict. The article shows the orthodox
rhetoric and expression of support of the Ottoman Empire by Russian Muslims at that time.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Авторская работа выполнена по гранту РФФИ № 18-512-76003 «Лингвистическая
и этнокультурная динамика традиционных и нетрадиционных ценностей в славянском мире»
в рамках Программы ERA.Net.RUS Call 2018 (проект # 472-LED-SW).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: Balkan wars

value: public opinion

value: orthodoxy

value: islam


dc.contributor.author

value: Porshneva, O. S.

value: Ulyanova, S. B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Porshneva O. S., Ulyanova S. B. ‘“Lessons of October”: Problems of Scientific Understanding and Historical Memory of the Russian Revolution of 1917’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 761–770.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article highlights a scientific conference dedicated to the centenary of the October Revolution of
1917, held in Paris on October 16–18, 2017, with the participation of Russian historians from Moscow, St. Petersburg
and Yekaterinburg (the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg State
University, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Peter the Great, Ural Federal University named after the First
President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin were there), as well as French historians, art historians, publicists, public
figures. The conference was also addressed by Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian
Federation to the French Republic A. K. Orlov, Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation
for International Cultural Cooperation Shvydkoi, Bishop of Korsun Nestor. The conference was organized by the
Russian Spiritual and Cultural Orthodox Center. At the conference Russian and French specialists come out
with reports on various issues of history of the Great Russian Revolution, as well as current problems facing
Russian and French (more — European) society in the light of the century of the events of 1917: the change
of the historiographic paradigm of the revolution, the role of V. I. Lenin in the revolution, the consequences and
price of the revolution, the revolution in historical memory in Russia and abroad, the Russian post-revolutionary emigration, the problems of the economic history of the revolution, etc. Summing up the papers unanimously
noted that the Great Russian Revolution of 1917 remains one of the most significant events in the global history
of new and modern times. In the days of the conference in the Russian Spiritual and Cultural Orthodox Center
the exhibition “1917 History without Omissions”, which presented visual evidence of the Great Russian Revolution
was opened.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 16-18-
10106 «Раннесоветское общество как социальный проект: идеи, механизмы реализации, результаты конструирования»).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: France

value: the Great Russian Revolution of 1917

value: historiography

value: historical memory

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kaminskiy, V. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kaminskiy V. V. ‘Review on: Vojtikov S. S. Armija i Vlast. Kornilov, Vacetis, Tuhachevskij. 1905–1937’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 779–790.

dc.language.iso

value: ru


dc.contributor.author

value: Gerasimov, Boris B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Gerasimov B. B. Indicator typomorphic features and potential sources of small-size placer gold from the Ebelyakh area (northeast Siberian platform). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 291–302.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In order to detect potential sources studied are mineralogical-geochemical special features of
the Billyakh River gold placer which belongs to the Ebelyakh diamondiferous area. It is shown
that the main sources for the gold are auriferous reservoir rocks of Neogene-Quaternary age.
The indicator typomorphic features of the gold include small size (less than 0.5 mm), scaly
and platy forms, rough shagreen surface with casts of pressing minerals, and high fineness
(900–999 ‰). The most highly informative feature is a strongly modified internal structure of
the gold showing evidence of granulation and recrystallisation. Unrounded gold particles are
also found in the study area, which suggests proximity of a primary source. They are characterized
by a very small size (less than 0.2 mm), angular-cloddy forms, rough, porous surface,
widely ranging fineness (535 to 999 ‰), heterogeneous chemical composition, and a complex,
multi-phase internal structure. A potential primary source is predicted to be localized at the
intersection of N—S and F—W-treading fault zones in the upper Billyakh River. This prediction
is supported by the discovery in the river basin of Ebelyakh to disseminate gold-sulfide
mineralization confined to the N—S-trending fault zone.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследования выполнены по плану НИР ИГАБМ СО РАН, проект № 0381-2016-0004.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: northeast Siberian platform

value: Ebelyakh diamondiferous area

value: placer gold

value: indicator typomorphic features of gold

value: multi-phase gold

value: fineness

value: internal structures of gold

value: intermediate reservoir rocks

value: unrounded gold

value: primary source

value: fault zone


dc.contributor.author

value: Dubrovskiy, A. M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dubrovskiy A. M. ‘Review on: Brandenberger D. Propaganda State in Crisis. Soviet Ideology, Indoctrination, and Terror under Stalin, 1927–1941’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 771–778.

dc.description.abstract

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhuang, Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhuang Yu. ‘Government Order of Plays and its Negativity in the Leningrad 1953–1964’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 754–760.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article aims to show the politic “government order of plays” and its negativity in the Leningrad’s
dramatic theaters. It has become a generally accepted view that the theater was one of the most important platforms
to educate citizens during the period of the Soviet Union. Therefore, the apparatus of CPSU and the state
authorities strictly took the censorship in the theater, especially in ideology. In the period from 1953 to 1964, the
apparatus of the party was responsible for making and confirming the policy of socialist culture, while the state
authorities claimed responsibility for enforcing the cultural policy of the party. It means taking administrative interference
in the theatrical works to be avoided from the ideological mistakes. Analysis of the archival documents,
which preserved in the Central state archive of literature and art of Saint Petersburg, reveals one of the prominent
consequence of “government order of plays” is the contradiction between theaters and playwrights. The contradictions
were shown particularly in Leningrad. In the middle of the 1950s, the soviet critics in the first place began
to reflect on the current interventions in theaters. In the end, they concluded that the government order greatly
reduced creative activity in the theatres and led to the backwardness of Soviet dramatic art. Therefore, as the cultural
policy had changed in the 1950s, the state authorities reduced the administrative leadership in the theaters.
The present research shows that at the end of the 1950s, the soviet theater had gained more creative freedom,
compared to the previous Stalin’s time.

dc.subject

value: politics

value: government order

value: Leningrad

value: dramatic theater

value: playwrights

value: a contradiction

dc.title

filename: 14-Zhuang Yu.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Iliasov, D. V.

value: Kokoreva, M. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Iliasov D. V., Kokoreva M. S. 2018. Financial constraints versus financial flexibility: What drives zero-debt puzzle in emerging markets? Russian Management Journal 16 (3): 407–434.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This study is focused on gaps in the theory of capital structure research regarding the
phenomenon of zero-debt behavior. On the sample of firms from 21 countries with emerging
capital markets over the period of 2010–2015, we show that the zero-debt policy choice
is firstly driven by financial flexibility motive, while financial constraints could be regarded
as the second motive. We show that major determinants of the zero-leverage choice are
growth opportunities, profitability, business risk and cash holdings. We find that all these
firms are smaller, less profitable, riskier and possess high cash holdings. Moreover, we find
that macroeconomic conditions have lower influence on the debt policy decision in comparison
with corporate determinants.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper is an output of a research project implemented within NRU HSE’s Annual Thematic Plan for
Basic and Applied Research. Any opinions or claims contained in this paper do not necessarily reflect the
views of HSE.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: financial constraints

value: financial flexibility

value: zero-debt

value: capital structure


dc.contributor.author

value: Prigodich, N. D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Prigodich N. D. ‘British and American Air Force in the Caucasus during Second World War: the Preparation of the operation “Velvet” and the Collapse of its Implementation’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 570–582.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the attempts of the USSR allies in the Second World War to send Anglo-American
air forces to the southern flank of the Soviet-German front. The government of Great Britain, and then of the
United States of America, turned to this idea against the backdrop of a crisis in the supply of military equipment to
the USSR with the help of naval caravans through the city of Murmansk. The Soviet government, initially positively
assessing the conduct of the military operation, did not attach much importance to this topic, refusing to regard
it as an equivalent replacement for the supply of new military equipment. In view of the long search for common
ground in this matter, by the autumn of 1942, the position of the Soviet Union has undergone serious changes.
The successes of the counteroffensive under the city of Stalingrad against the Wehrmacht army made the presence
of significant Allied air forces on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front undesirable. The main part
of this study focuses on diplomatic negotiations, which took place in various forms for several months in 1942,
with the goal of implementing a general operation codenamed «Velvet». Within the framework of this study, the
dynamics of the development of the training of the air forces for work on the tasks of the Soviet Air Force, and the
parallel activity of the diplomatic bodies of the three countries in achieving the implementation of the project were
considered in a phased, chronological order. Drawing on a wide range of domestic and foreign historical sources,
the article reveals the goals of each of the parties involved in the proposed operation, as well as the reasons why
the long period of preparation for joint actions ended in vain.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 17-01-00346.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

value: Air Force

value: Allies

value: Operation Velvet

value: Second World War

value: USSR

value: USA

value: England

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lepeshkina, L. Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lepeshkina L. Yu. ‘The Soviet Cultural policy and Traditional Rites of the Peoples of the Volga Region: Experience of Interaction’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 725–736.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper is devoted to the Soviet cultural policy, which was carried out in the 1920–1980s and transformed
a way of life and traditional rites of the peoples of the Volga region. The main stages of its realization are
characterized that was caused by the specific actions of the authorities which were initially destroying, and then
adapting a part of regional traditions for needs of the state. The author identifies three stages of the Soviet cultural
policy focused on traditional rites of the local population on the basis of the reports on ethnographic expeditions
to the Volga region and documentation of the Central Executive Committee of the Volga German ASSR, the
Council of Ministers in the Chuvash ASSR from the central and regional archives: 1 stage (the 1920–1930s) —
an active fight against religious carry-overs; 2 stage (the 1940–1950s) — the period of silent acceptance of the
saved elements in ritualism; 3 stage (the 1960–1980s) — a careful condemnation of regional traditional rites and
an attempt to adapt some of it for development of the Soviet holidays and rites. The party workers’ conviction
of an opportunity to liquidate this or that traditions by administrative methods did not give the expected results.
Wedding and funeral rites of the peoples of the Volga region showed the greatest stability in the Soviet times as
“the well-tried recipes” of overcoming of crisis events. In general, not only ideological factors but also processes
of urbanization, a growth of interethnic marriages had an influence on traditional rites of the natives of the Volga
region. The novelty of the research is that traditional rites of the peoples of the Volga region are considered
from the point of view of the system approach for the first time, which assumes the identification of the steadiest
elements in it under the strengthening of administrative influence from the state.

dc.subject

value: Soviet cultural policy

value: the peoples of the Volga region

value: traditional rites

value: wedding

value: funeral rites

value: traditions

value: civil ritualism


dc.contributor.author

value: Bukhvalov, A. V.

value: Loukianova, A. E.

value: Nikulin, E. D.

value: Okulov, V. L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bukhvalov A. V., Loukianova A. E., Nikulin E. D., Okulov V. L. 2018. A real options model for analysis of industrial R&D expenditures. Russian Management Journal 16 (3): 393– 406.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The objective of this paper is to develop the model that can be used to explain the amount
of research and development (R&D) expenditures of large and mature companies. The research
methodology is based on real options approach. We model companies’ R&D expenditures
as payments for the real option, which is the right of a company to invest in real
assets in the future, and therefore to ensure business development. The main result is
a valuation model, which includes several relevant factors. While existing research papers
apply real options approach mostly to the R&D projects of particular companies or within
particular industries and situations, the current paper applies the corresponding methodology
in general and aggregated setting. We hope that it will contribute to understanding of
R&D intensity in large innovative companies.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Research was conducted with financial support from the grant provided by St. Petersburg University (project
No. 16.23.1460.2017).

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: R&D expenditures

value: R&D projects portfolio

value: real option approach

value: volatility of company value


dc.contributor.author

value: Filippov, Mikhail M.

value: Lokhov, Kirill I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filippov M. M., Lokhov K. I. Synchronism of the Paleoproterozoic development of the phenomenon of “Shunga” in analogues basins. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 363–393.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The sequence of interrelated events – from accumulation to secondary concentration and
dispersion of organic matter characterizes the unique phenomenon of “Shunga” for Paleoproterozoic,
most fully investigated in the Onega sedimentary basin. The main stage is the
accumulation of huge volumes of primary organic matter, as well as the subsequent stages of
its redistribution of numerous domed and subplastic local bodies of high-carbon rocks with
characteristic differentiation of composition; various forms of anthraxolite manifestation, indicating
the implemented full-scale process of hydrocarbon generation, numerous types of
collectors, indicating their migration; traces of decomposition of both primary and newly
formed organic matter. In the review, on the example of the Franceville basin, the evidence of
the existence of all stages of the phenomenon in analogs, in which the main stage developed
synchronously, is presented. The results of dating deposits of the two basins are analyzed in detail,
fundamental errors in the interpretation of geochronological data are revealed. It is shown
that the correlation of Paleoproterozoic sedimentary basin sections is possible by geochemical
marking horizons with δ13Corg anomalies and high content of U, Mo, Se, As, Ni, V.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Работа проведена по программе фундаментальных научных исследований государственных
академий наук на 2013–2020 гг., раздел 68, тема 201 — «Временные и региональные закономерности
формирования и развития минеральных, геохимических и биологических систем в Карельском регионе: фундаментальный и инновационный аспекты», реализуемая ФГБУН Институтом геологии
КарНЦ РАН.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: features of the phenomenon

value: Onega structure

value: Franceville basin

value: age

value: geochemical anomalies

value: kerogen

value: generation and migration of hydrocarbons

value: collectors

dc.title

value: Article


title: Russian Production of Large-Diameter Pipes Organization: The Context, Results, and Prospects

dc.contributor.author

value: Shastitko, Andrey E.

value: Shabalov, Ivan P.

value: Filippova, Irina N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shastitko A. E., Shabalov I. P., Filippova I. N. 2018. Russian production of largediameter pipes organization: The context, results, and prospects. Russian Management Journal 16 (3): 431–460.

dc.description.abstract

value:
On the example of one of the successful sectors of the Russian industry — the production of
large diameter pipes (LDP) for trunk pipelines, the relationship between corporate governance
and industry development is explored. At present, the specificity aspects of corporate governance
in Russia leads to a short planning horizon, the high role of informal rules and the strong
dependence of the company development vector on the controlling shareholders (company owners)
interests. The owners of LDP companies decide to increase investment and production capacity
under the conditions of demand drop for LDP. At the same time, the LDP demand drop
poses a problem of significant underloading of capacities, which as a result may lead to a drop
in the level of pipes production competencies and the industry product quality level reduction
from achieved in 2014–2015 point. The article considers the configuration of key aspects of the
Russian LDP production: corporate governance, capacity utilization, which determines the accumulation
and loss of competencies, as well as the product quality.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: large diameter pipes

value: competencies

value: corporate governance

value: industry development


title: Abusive Supervision: Manifestations, Antecedents, and Consequences

dc.contributor.author

value: Balabanova, Evgeniya S.

value: Borovik, Maria E.

value: Deminskaya, Veronika E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Balabanova E. S., Borovik M. E., Deminskaya V. E. 2018. Abusive supervision: Manifestations, antecedents, and consequences. Russian Management Journal 16 (3): 309–336.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The authors examine manifestations, individual and organizational antecedents and consequences
of abusive supervisor behavior which is defined as regular humiliating, suppressive, rude and
insulting day-to-day practices towards subordinates. Empirical analysis is based on the online
survey of 198 employees from private and public organizations. We found, first, that abusive
supervision in Russian organizations is most often manifested in coercion to do routine and unqualified work tasks; ignoring of subordinates’ ideas and initiatives; public critique in an insulting
manner; cheating subordinates. Second, our investigation shows that respondents attribute
such behavior to demonstration of power or to supervisors’ poor communicative skills. Third,
we revealed that the strongest predictor of abusive supervision was employee’s economic dependence,
namely, the reward system depending rather on personal leader-employee relationships than
on objective performance indicators. Forth, abusive supervision considerably decreases employees’
job satisfaction and work engagement, contributes to burnout and intentions to quit.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: abusive supervision

value: dark side of leadership

value: destructive leadership

value: power relations in organization

value: economic dependence


dc.contributor.author

value: Beliakova, N. A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Beliakova N. A. ‘“We Report about the Crimes against Justice…”: Believer’s Appeals and Complaints in the Brezhnev USSR’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 640–658.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article are analyzed the appeals, complaints, and letters of believers in the Soviet Union as one
of the long-standing cultural forms of communication with the authorities. The religious people, using the legitimated
by the soviet authoritarian system channel of communication, fill it with opposition/protest content. The
writing of appeals and complaints, which contained the information on the needs and requirements of believers,
who did not hide their religious affiliation, becomes mass since the Khrushchev era. A number of letters reflect
the soviet civic formation, for example, the recognition of individual and civil rights is used to demand freedom
of conscience. The article shows, how a form of communication approved by the government and designed for
demonstrating sympathy towards the regime was privatized by common people and filled with a new meaning.
Religious people strove to show that their actions were in accordance with the current law, and local authorities
are represented as law-breakers. Furthermore, their action against believers / religion undermine the confidence
and even discredit the Soviet power. The propaganda of the Helsinki agreements and the new Constitution led to
appropriating the “eхport” (for the bourgeois society) ideas/concepts inside the soviet society. Apprehended the
article “The Soviet Law and the Freedom of Conscience” in the newsletter “Izvestija” (1976) as a sign about the
change / the turn of religious policy inside the country, the believers’ petition campaign for their rights protection
significantly increased.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Статья выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект
№ 15-18-00135-П «Индивид, этнос, религия в процессе межкультурного взаимодействия: российский и мировой опыт формирования общегражданской идентичности».

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

value: religion in the USSR

value: the appeals and complaints

value: the everyday religion

value: religion and protest

value: religious dissent

value: soviet ideological campaigns

value: communications

value: outsiders

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kondrashin, V. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kondrashin V. V. ‘S. V. Kosior and the famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine: to the 85th Anniversary of the Common Tragedy of the Peoples of the USSR’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 625–639.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is timed to the 85th anniversary of the common tragedy of the peoples of the USSR — The
famine of 1932–1933, as a result of the agrarian policy of the Stalinist leadership of the country. It is devoted to
such an important aspect as the grain procurement campaigns in Ukraine in the early 1930s, which became the
main cause of this tragedy. The main attention in the article is given to the analysis of the role of Kosior — the
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, and the republican leadership of
the Ukrainian SSR in the implementation of grain procurement in Ukraine in 1931–1932. Its source base is made
up of documents from the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation and other central archives, as well
as published sources. In the article for the first time in the domestic historiography, the relationship between the
republican leadership of Ukraine and the Center in the person of I. V. Stalin and his closest associates at the peak
of the crisis of the grain procurement campaigns in the early 1930s in the Ukrainian SSR and the famine of 1932–
1933. As a result, it is concluded that in explaining the circumstances of the tragedy of 1932–1933, in Ukraine, it
is necessary to take into account the subjective factor: the actions of the local republican leadership, primarily
S. V. Kosior, during the grain procurement of 1931–1932. They exacerbated their negative consequences for the
fate of the millions of inhabitants of Soviet Ukraine. This conclusion does not call into question the decisive role of
Stalin’s leadership and Stalin personally in organizing the great tragedy of the peoples of the USSR in 1932–1933,
both in Ukraine and in other regions of the country.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект № 18-09-00188а).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: the famine of 1932–1933

value: grain procurements

value: the Ukrainian SSR

value: S. V. Kosior

value: I. V. Stalin

value: the republican leadership


dc.contributor.author

value: Tverdyukova, E. D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tverdyukova E. D. ‘Anti-service: Personal Automobile and its Maintenance in the USSR (1960s — 1980s)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 659–678.

dc.description.abstract

value:
Article is devoted to questions of repair and maintenance of privately owned vehicles in the USSR in
1960th — 1980th. The author used legislative documents, office work, and statistical materials, sources of personal
origin, periodicals. A part of documents (for example, from funds of the State Archive of Russian Federation)
is for the first time introduced for scientific use. Three stages of formation of a system of domestic car service
are allocated, measures of the state for the creation of the network of car repair shops (the general profile and
specialized) and problems at stages of their construction and input in a system are investigated. Also, difficulties
which motorists had to face on service stations (low-quality repair, red tape, and fraud of workers) are analyzed.
It is shown that car owners were forced involuntarily “to raise own commercial crop”, because conditions of car
service in the USSR were bad. Data on the cost of maintenance and service of the car are provided. Long time the
system service stations allowed to satisfy requirements on repair and maintenance of cars of individual owners
only for 30–40 %, only by the end of the 1980th have approached 80 %. The branch, new to the USSR, — auto
servicing — stepped from semi-handicraft repair shops to the equipped specialized car-centers only in two decades
(since the end of the 1960th until the end of the 1980th). The author draws a conclusion that the lack of the
high-quality market of services in car service in the USSR was explained by the specific character of the planned
economy and by “growth disease”: a creation of the network of service stations was not in time behind rates of
increase in the personal vehicle fleet.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: USSR

value: personal automobile

value: car service

value: service station

value: repair


title: Analysis of Management Collusive Decisions on the World Oil Market

dc.contributor.author

value: Nastych, Maria A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nastych M. A. 2018. Analysis of management collusive decisions on the world oil market. Russian Management Journal 16 (3): 371–392.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the issue of the advantage and key conditions of collusion between the major
oil exporting countries on the world oil market. This issue is explored in the paper within the
framework of the concepts of stochastic cooperative game theory and the theory of industrial organisation.
Namely, the concepts of game theory correspond to the conflicting interests of collusion
participants. Next, the possibility of collusion between market players is considered and resolved
using the theory of cooperative games. Stochastic methods of constructing and investigating the
characteristic function of a cooperative game help to take into account the high volatility of the
oil market. Further, the Cournot model of the theory of industrial organisation describes the strategic
management of production volumes to maximize profits. The Stackelberg model takes into
account the incentives to collude through the emergence of an industry leader, who first announces
his management strategies. Based on these methodologies, the paper concludes that the collusion
for its participants is beneficial, and the equilibrium levels of quotas for oil extraction are found.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Russian Management Journal;Volume 16; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: world oil market

value: OPEC

value: collusion

value: stochastic cooperative game

value: Cα-core

value: VaR

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Vishnevskaya, Irina A.

value: Malov, Viktor I.

value: Soloshenko, Natalia G.

value: Letnikova, Anna F.

value: Kiseleva, Valentina Yu.

value: Ivanov, Aleksander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vishnevskaya I. A., Malov V. I., Soloshenko N. G., Letnikova A. F., Kiseleva V. Yu., Ivanov A. V. Isotopic and geochemical characteristics of Cambrian phosphorites of Karatau Basin (Southern Kazakhstan). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 267– 290.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to studying of isotope-geochemical characteristics of phosphorite and
the enclosing carbonate Karatau Phosphorus deposit. As a result of the work on the identification
of the least altered rocks, the primary isotopic composition of Sr, C and O in the water
of the Karatau basin was established, as well as the isotopic composition of Nd phosphorites.
Kyrshabakty Formation underlying phosphorite characterized 87Sr/86Sr ratio 0.70839, δ13C
value ranges from +0.2 to 0.6 ‰. The primary Sr isotopic composition of the phosphate-bearing
Chulaktau Formation, varies from 0.70877 to 0.70905, and the carbon isotope composition
ranges from –3.1 to 0.8 ‰. Based on these data, the sedimentation interval of these rocks
was established. Phosphate accumulation within the Karatau basin occurred in the range of
520–509 million years ago as a result of biogenic precipitation of the phosphorus of ocean
water on the shelf of the passive margin of the continent.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 63; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: chemostratigraphy

value: strontium

value: neodymium

value: reconstruction of sedimentary basin


dc.contributor.author

value: Ilyukha, O. P.

value: Shikalov, Yu. G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ilyukha O. P., Shikalov Yu. G. ‘The School Textbooks at the time of the Finnish Occupation of Karelia (1941–1944)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 708–724.

dc.description.abstract

value:
We elaborate on the specific features of the school policy implemented in Karelia by Finnish military
occupation authorities against the overall background of the school education situation in occupied areas of the
USSR. The focus is on the content of school textbooks for the Karelian populace. The approaches maintained
by the authors of the primer and textbooks in geography, history, and local lore were identified. The primer for
Karelian children was analyzed to demonstrate how the key ideologemes and images of ‘the Great Finland’ were
implanted into the book, and how its author adapted them to be best perceived by children. The alternation of
Karelian- and Finnish-language texts were meant to create a sense of cultural kinship between Karelians and Finns. Colorful illustrations generated an idealized image of Finland in the imagination of the children who have
been to this country. In contrast to the primer, history and geography textbooks for teenagers handle propagandist
tasks in a straightforward way, through ‘head-on attack’, by directly contraposing Russian (equaled to Soviet) vs.
Finnish culture. The article argues that the Finnish school and the textbooks created for it were designed to shape
an individual averted from the Soviet system of values, a churched person ready to be integrated into the Finnish
homeland and become a patriot citizen of Great Finland — a scheme not fated to be realized.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения государственного задания Карельского научного центра РАН, тема «Карелия в условиях мира и войны», и Программы фундаментальных
исследований президиума РАН «Культурно-сложные общества: понимание и управление».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

value: World War II

value: Karelia

value: Finland

value: occupation

value: history of education

value: school textbook


dc.contributor.author

value: Maslov, Andrey V.

value: Gareev, Emir Z.

value: Podkovyrov, Victor N.

value: Kovalev, Sergey G.

value: Kotova, Ludmila N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Maslov A. V., Gareev E. Z., Podkovyrov V. N., Kovalev S. G., Kotova L. N. Synrift deposits of the Middle Riphean Mashak Formation, Southern Urals (a short lithochemical characterization). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 2018, vol. 63, issue 3, pp. 303–325.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article briefly describes the lithochemical features of sandstones and clayey rocks of
Mashak Formation (Southern Urals), a second synrift volcano-sedimentary association in
Riphean stratotype. It is shown that the sandstones of the Mashak Formation are characterised
by wide variations in the bulk chemical composition (from greywacke to quartz arenite).
The presence of the latter, as well as a relatively small proportion of arkoses and subarkoses,
distinguishes the second synrift association from the first one (the Ai Formation, Lower
Riphean). There is no overlap in between the Mashak’s and Ai’s psammites on the diagram
log(SiO2/Al2O3)–log(Na2O/K2O) of F. J. Pettijon and co-authors. It indicates significant differences
in provenances and common features of accumulation of the Mashak and Ai formations.
On the basis of bulk chemical composition, the clayey rocks of the Mashak Formation
are related to smectite (with kaolinite and illite admixture) clays and their chlorite-smectiteillite
varieties. The clayey rocks of the Ai Formation differ by lower values of total normative
alkalinity (0.27 ± 0.06 vs. 0.42 ± 0.07). It is established that sandstones and clayey rocks of the
Mashak Formation contain a significant proportion of the “first-cycle material”, i. e. they are
composed mainly by products that have passed one sedimentation cycle. As opposite, there
is a significant proportion of “second-cycle/lithogenic material” of the first synrift sandstones association (the Ai Formation). The high K2O/Na2O values, which are characterised for a half
studied samples of the Mashak Formation, indicate that they were influenced by processes of
potassium metasomatism. The distribution of data points of terrigenous rock of the Mashak
Formation on diagram F1—F2 (Roser and Korsch, 1988) displays that they are composed by
products of erosion of acid, average or mafic igneous and/or metamorphic rocks. The individual
data points of Mashak Formation terrigenous rocks, as well as sandstone composition
midpoint, are localised in the areas of riftogenic and collisional settings on the DF1—DF2
diagram (Verma and Armstrong-Altrin, 2013). It does not allow us to define their paleogeodynamic
settings. In such a manner, the a critical role, traditionally, remains on general geological
data and petrogeochemical characteristics of igneous rocks.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Earth Sciences;Volume 63; Issue 3

value: Southern Urals

value: Middle Riphean

value: Mashak Formation

value: sandstones

value: clay rocks

value: lithochemistry

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Borov, A. Kh.

value: Dzamikhov, K. F.

value: Mamsirov, Kh. B.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Borov A. Kh., Dzamikhov K. F., Mamsirov Kh. B. ‘Regional Experience of Political Transformations in Modern History of Russia: Kabardin-Balkar Republic’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 691–707.

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the studies of Russian regions’ political history during the transition period from soviet to modern
federal statehood conditions for a qualitatively new stage has been matured. An active transformative phase of
their political dynamics has come to an end not only in its institutional dimension but also in a broad culturalhistorical
sense. The possibilities are opening to get to theoretically meaningful interpretation of real outcomes
of a transition period. Such a study would inevitably assume an interdisciplinary character, using hand in hand
methods and conceptions of history and political science. It would be feasible to conduct it in reference to the case of the single subject of the federation so that the operating by the categories of political theory would allow
coming to generalizations bounded by given regional context. The present article deals with the causal variables,
mechanisms, and phases of a post-soviet political transformation of Kabardin-Balkar Republic in the 1990s and
2000s. In the 1990s political process in the Republic developed autonomously, correlating with all Russia’s transformative
dynamics, but free from the direct control of federal-state powers. Interethnic frictions were the main
“domestic” factor determining the course of political developments. Nevertheless, institutional results of systemic
transformation embodied not the “soverignization”, separatist aspirations or ethnopolitical cleavage, but a
general move of Russia toward democratic federalism. The further political development made it evident that in
the legacy of the 1990-s integrative impulse as such were more essential than its democratic and federalist form.
So, the Republic entered the general turn of Russia’s domestic politics toward the recentralization and strengthening
of “power vertical” in the 2000s without any tension. Regional elites unequivocally upheld all the central
state powers’ initiatives in an institutional restructuring of Russian federalism. When possibilities were opened
to return to a more immediate representation of the population in regional Parliament and to direct election of
the Head of Republic they were not made use of. So, political regime in modern Kabardin-Balkaria has so much
similarity with the Soviet “nomenklatura” system that transition period between them may be correctly interpreted
rather in terms of “metamorphosis” than of “transformation”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Russia

value: political transformations

value: North Caucasus

value: Kabardin-Balkar Republic

value: post-soviet transition

value: political institutions

value: democracy

value: modernization


dc.contributor.author

value: Nagornaya, O. S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nagornaya O. S. ‘“If friends Find it Advisable to Put Forward… We Will Support”: the International Lenin Peace Prizes in the System of Soviet Cultural Diplomacy’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 737–753.

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is dedicated to the study of the institutional history of the International Lenin Peace
Prize Committee with the aim of reconstructing the specificity of the soviet cultural diplomacy: the formation
and broadcasting of peace-making passwords and methods of influence on the international community, the
receptions of the soviet symbolic messages by target groups. As the source base, the author made use of archive
documents and published materials of party and state bodies, press and journalism, citizens’ letters. As the
methodological foundation of the analysis emerged the approaches and methods of global and transnational
history, cultural history. The largely scaled staged project of Lenin’s (Stalin’s) Peace Prizes promoted by the
USSR as the alternative of the Nobel Prize, was used for the aims of positioning the idea of “the soviet-style
peacemaking”, the symbolic encouragement of the loyalty to the socialist camp of the remarkable aсtors of the
Cold war, the conflicts moderation in the satellites countries, symbolic mobilization of their own population. The
period of legal registration of the Committee’s activity coincided with the crisis of the pre-war cultural diplomacy’s
structures under the conditions of the necessity of the Soviet Union’s representation as the winning country. The
external image and the internal discussions of the Committee were burdened by the question of self-dependence and freedom of decisions. The internal documentation gives evidence of the soviet party bodies’ using not only
the means of open pressure on the Committee members, but also their manipulating the body, which included
the loyal to the USSR representatives of the international community. As the indirect means of the impact served
the conditions of the committee members’ admission as well as its representatives’ instruction among the soviet
public figures. The laureates of the Lenin Peace Prize became important links in the USSR’s cultural diplomatic
networks. Their international authority was intensely used with the aim of the foreign policy representations of the
soviet position in different regions of the world for strengthening the position of the certain leader. The reception
of the honours project by ordinary citizens of different countries reflected the reaction of the contradiction of the
soviet peace-building discourse as well as incomprehension of fast-moving often populist and inconsistent turns
of the soviet foreign policy.

dc.description.sponsorship

value: Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 16-18-10213).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: transnational history

value: soviet cultural diplomacy

value: Cold war

value: Lenin Peace Prize

value: international relations

value: soft power

value: event-management


dc.contributor.author

value: Yanchenko, D. G.

value: Starovoytova, E. O.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Yanchenko D. G., Starovoytova E. O. ‘Prospects for the economic development of the Chinese Eastern Railway after the Russo-Japanese War: the regional dimension and the St. Petersburg policy’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 583–597.

dc.description.abstract

value:
The management system in the «line side» of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) was subject to significant
adjustments under the influence of external and internal factors after 1905. Russian officials, in cooperation
with the members of the State Duma and the military officers, were regulating economic policy along the railway
line, trying to counter the growing influence of Japan. The article is based on archival materials and regional
periodicals. It is shown that after the end of the Russo-Japanese War and the suppression of the First Russian
Revolution, the economic situation of the CER remained in the very focus of government attention. The historiographical
review includes the works of modern Chinese researchers, little known to a wide range of readers,
and highlights their view on the economic impact of the CER in the context of relations between China, Russia,
and Japan in the early 20th century. The need to put the road into operation as quickly as possible on the eve of
a clash with Japan led to the fact that after the war the budget funds had to be used to correct structural defects,
modernize infrastructure, improve settlements along the road. The structure of government expenditures is analyzed.
The construction of an alternative Amur railway, the needs of the domestic market of the empire required
not only the redistribution of rolling stock but also the adjustment of the government’s course. Using the right to
consider budget expenditures, the liberal opposition in the Duma tried to criticize the administrative and economic activities of the CER Society. However, the Ministry of Finance repulsed the deputies interests, just like the
representatives of the military.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
Статья выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 18-18-00142
«Центр и регионы: экономическая политика правительства на окраинах Российской империи
(1894–1917)».

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 8; Issue 3

dc.subject

value: Chinese Eastern Railway

value: Russian-Japanese War

value: State Duma

value: First Russian Revolution

value: Ministry of Finance

value: economy

value: exclusion zone

value: railway construction

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Savin, A. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Savin A. I. ‘Stalin’s Turn in Religious Politics in Light of Circular Letter no. 37 of Joint State Political Directorate under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR (March 1930)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 8, no. 3, 2018, pp. 791–805.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University