dc.contributor.author

value: Anisimov, Oleg V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anisimov O. V. The Russian Empire as a Regulator of the Hajj and Russian Orthodox Pilgrimage. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 2, рp. 549–556. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.215

dc.description.abstract

value:
The work by Eileen Kane on the Russian Empire’s experience of regulating the hajj — the Muslim
pilgrimage from the Volga region, the Caucasus, and Central Asia to the Middle East — is
of interest not only from the perspective of Asian and African studies or the history of religion.
It is also, potentially, a comparative study as the author illustrates her observations and conclusions
by referring to Russia’s policies towards the Christian populations of the Arab provinces
of the Ottoman Empire. E. Kane advances a debatable thesis that Russia provided unofficial
support for the hajj undertaken by its subjects. Whereas the patronage of Russian Orthodox
pilgrimage was fully in line with Russia’s geopolitical role in the Middle East as well as with
the tsarist ideology, open declaration of its interest in an organized hajj was out of the question
for the Russian government. The idea of regulating the hajj was consistent with Russia’s
need to integrate its Muslim subjects into the empire in order to secure the imperial rule. In
the Ottoman Empire, adherents of various religions united under one dynasty and entitled to
its consular protection can be viewed from the perspective of comparative historical research
and the authorities’ general idea of imperial unity. In this case, the modes of comparison can
be the following: the appropriation by the authorities of the traditions of pilgrimage and the
hajj; their modernization; controversies in implementing the policies; consular protection;
the subjugation of the clergy to the imperial bureaucracy. The profound differences between
the two religious cultures, Christianity and Islam, resulted in the differences between Russia’s
Muslim and Orthodox presence in the Middle East. In the late 19th century, Orthodox subjects
of the tsar upon arriving at the destination of their pilgrimage, were offered the services
of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society: they could use the accommodation owned by the “Russian Palestine”, and were provided with spiritual guidance by the Russian Orthodox
ecclesiastical mission in Jerusalem. Muslim subjects of the tsar did not enjoy the same level of
official protection.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Russian Empire

value: Islam

value: pilgrimage

value: hajj

value: Eastern Orthodox Christianity

value: Ottoman Empire

value: Central Asia


dc.contributor.author

value: Iaroshenko, Polina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Iaroshenko P. V. Towards the linguistic approach to ideasthesia (case study of the multilingual parallel corpus). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2023, 20 (1): 156–169. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.109 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article considers the possibility of applying the term ideasthesia to linguistic material.
This term refers to word combinations usually classified as synesthetic metaphors, despite the
fact that they do not imply multimodality, because only one of the words contains a sensory
semantic component (e. g. bitter love, sweet desire). The research is based on a parallel multilingual
corpus including the original text of V. Nabokov’s Lolita in English (1955) and its Russian
(1967) and French (1959, 2001) translations. The work’s objective is to determine the place of
ideasthesia in the context of the study of linguistic synaesthesia and to examine the semantic
structure of ideasthetic word combinations. Ideasthetic word combinations are being considered
in comparison with synaesthetic (both words contain sensory semantic components
related to different modalities) and monosthetic ones (both words contain sensory semantic
components related to the same modality). In total, 637 word combinations have been identified, 73 % of which are ideastetic, 20 % are synaesthetic, and 7 % are monostetic. 465 phrases
with ideasthesia have been analysed. The classification of lexical groups interacting with sensory
vocabulary in ideasthetic word combinations have been proposed. 11 semantic classes
have been identified: anthroponyms (19 % of the total number of ideasthetic contexts), emotions
and feelings (17 %), time periods (12 %), qualities of a person (10 %), discourse (10 %),
physical actions (9 %), mental actions and states (7 %), physical characteristics (7 %), physical
sensations (5 %), body parts (2 %), and toponyms (2 %).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Language and Literature;Volume 20; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: synaesthesia

value: ideasthesia

value: synaesthetic metaphor

value: parallel corpora

value: semantics

dc.type

value: Article

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Kobenko, Yuriy V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kobenko Yu. V. Aspects of media communication in social networks. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature. 2023, 20 (1): 183–190. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The peer-reviewed two-volume monograph Social Networks: A Comprehensive Linguistic
Analysis (2021) is devoted to the study of the existence of language in modern social networks.
The first volume covers the general issues of the linguistic study of Internet communication, its
linguocognitive and discursive aspects, as well as its characteristic speech genres. The second
volume provides a description of linguo-personological, conflictological and linguo-didactic
aspects of communication in social networks. Each volume has a predetermined structural
sequence: an introduction by the scientific editor, three chapters, and an off-text bibliographic
list. Social networks in today’s world implement mainly the integrative function of language,
aimed at overcoming spatio-temporal restrictions. An auxiliary machine translation option
provided for major international Internet platforms also aims to remove the language barrier.
The disintegrative potential of social networks, as an antinomic pandan of the integrative
function, is manifested in the physical isolation and anonymization of users. The leading
trends in the intralinguistic nature of media interaction should be recognized as the determination
of industry terminologies as well as the hybridization of texts (turning them into
hypertexts by supplying hyperlinks, supplying them metacommunicative symbols, etc.). The
extralinguistic features include the massive nature of Internet bilingualism. In general, social
networks continue the transhumanistic mission of language in the virtual space: to serve as
a means of overcoming the negative aspects of being through the mediatization of man and
society, which is expressed by such properties of Internet communication as achronism, acentricity
(rhizomorphism), hybridity and alinearity.

dc.subject

value: Internet communication

value: social networks

value: integrative function of language

value: mediatization

value: Homo digitalis


title: A Time-optimal Problem of Stopping a Two-link Pendulum on a Movable Mount

dc.contributor.author

value: Potapov, Anton Pavlovich

value: Galyaev, Andrey Alekseevich

dc.description.abstract

value: We consider a time-optimal problem of stopping a two-link pendulum on a movable mount. Given nonlinear system with the lack of and limitation on the control resource is linearized in the neighborhood of a stable equilibrium position. For a linearized system the Pontryagin maximum principle is used and the optimal control law obtained. To estimate parameters of the law basing on finding out an orthogonal subspace was an algorithm developed for constructing a time-optimal system control. A software module has been developed in the Matlab environment with the help of which a comparison of the dynamics of linear and nonlinear systems with the obtained control law was made.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The work was carried out with the support of the program for the development
of Youth scientic schools of the Institute of Control Sciences RAS 2022 - 2023.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Differential Equations and Control Processes;Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Pontryagin maximum principle

value: time-optimal problem

value: two-link pendulum


title: On One Problem of Controlling an Airplane-type Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Given Intermediate Values of Different Parts of Coordinates

dc.contributor.author

value: Barseghyan, Vanya Rafaelovich

value: Matevosyan, Aram Gagikovich

dc.description.abstract

value: The mathematical model of spatial flight of an unmanned airplane-type vehicle is considered. For a linearized mathematical model of an unmanned aerial vehicle the problem of synthesis of control laws with given initial, finite values of the phase vector and intermediate values of different parts of coordinates at different moments of time is solved. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of program control and the corresponding motion is formulated. The control functions and corresponding phase trajectories of motion are constructed. As an application of the proposed approach, explicit expressions of the program control function and program motion are constructed for specific numerical values.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: unmanned aerial vehicle

value: flight control

value: intermediate conditions

value: phase trajectories

dc.title

value: Article


title: Dynamics of Technological Development: Innovation, Imitation, Depreciation

dc.contributor.author

value: Kirillov, Alexander Nikolajevich

value: Sazonov, Alexander Mihaylovich

dc.description.abstract

value: The nonlinear dynamical system, describing the dynamics of sector capital distribution over two levels of technological development, low and high, proposed. The dynamics is determined by the interaction of innovation and imitation process with the process of depreciation taking into account. The qualitative behavior of the system trajectories depending on the relationship of parameters determining the rates of innovation, imitation and depreciation processes is studied. The invariant set which all trajectories enter in a finite time is found. In the case of nonzero rate of innovation process, the uniqueness of equilibrium is proved. On the basis of proposed constructive geometrical method the sufficient conditions of its global stability are obtained. In order to study the behavior of isoclines the special curve parametrization, connected with the invariant set geometry, is proposed. It is shown that in the absence of innovation process the existence of two equilibria, stable and unstable, is possible. In addition, the transition to a high technological level, corresponding to a stable equilibrium, may not occur even under sufficiently small depreciation process rate. The bifurcation value of the imitation rate parameter is found.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: nonlinear dynamical system

value: global stability

value: Schumpeterian dynamics

value: bifurcation


title: Asymptotic Stability Investigation of the Zero Solution for a Class of Nonlinear Nonstationary Systems by the Averaging Method

dc.contributor.author

value: Aleksandrov, Alexander Yur'evich

dc.description.abstract

value: A system of nonlinear differential equations is considered that describes the interaction of two coupled subsystems, one of these subsystems is linear, and the other is nonlinear and homogeneous with an order of homogeneity greater than one. It is assumed that this system is affected by nonstationary perturbations with zero mean values. Using the averaging method, sufficient conditions are determined under which perturbations do not disturb the asymptotic stability of the zero solution. The derivation of these conditions is based on the use of a special construction of the nonstationary Lyapunov function which takes into account the structure of the acting perturbations. In addition, we consider the case where there is a constant delay in the right-hand sides of the system. An original approach to the construction of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional for such a system is proposed. Using this functional, conditions are found that guarantee the preservation of the asymptotic stability for any positive delay.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Differential Equations and Control Processes;Issue 2

value: nonlinear systems

value: nonstationary perturbations

value: asymptotic stability

value: averaging

value: the Lyapunov direct method

value: delay


title: On the Boundedness of Solutions of a Quasilinear System of Ordinary Differential Equations

dc.contributor.author

value: Mukhamadiev, Ergashboy

value: Naimov, Alizhon Nabidjanovich

dc.description.abstract

value: In the paper, the question of the boundedness of an arbitrary solution of a quasilinear system of ordinary differential equations is investigated under boundedness of the observed values of the solution. The observed values of the solution are a finite set of scalar products of the solution with given vectors. In terms of the properties of the matrix of coefficients of the system of equations and the matrix of coefficients of observed values, theorems on the boundedness of an arbitrary solution with boundedness of the observed values are formulated and proved. The novelty of this paper is that using the method of limit equations, estimates are derived from which the boundedness or stability follows an arbitrary solution of a quasilinear system in terms of boundedness or stability of the observed values of the solution.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the grant Russian Science Foundation
No. 23-21-00032 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-00032/).

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: quasi-linear system of equations

value: bounded solution

value: observed values

value: limit equation method

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Lukashov, Nikolay V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lukashov, N. V. (2023) ‘Current approaches to resource risk-management of innovative projects’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (2), pp. 217–247. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of this article is to develop a theoretical mechanism for planning free cash flows
of an innovative project, provided that it is necessary to ensure a highly probable possibility
of its implementation. The review of special literature shows that the problem of resource risk
management of investment projects in the world economic practice is not new, but the methodological
apparatus of project risk management is not sufficiently developed. The result of applying the method of induction in the analysis of the General theory of project risk management
terms the planned commercialization of innovation, identified areas of possible application
of effort in the management of project risks in investment planning implementation of
innovations, the main of which is recognized as a building of special reserve funds within the
project budget for the relief of consequences of the possible manifestations related risks. Alternative
methods for justifying the values of risk reserve funds for cash flows from operating
activities and capital expenditures were created by means of an essential analysis and an actual
methodology for constructing the values of risk reserve funds. Using classical deduction to
previously obtained results, an algorithm for planning free cash flows of an innovative project
was developed and formalized, provided that it is necessary to ensure a highly probable possibility
of its implementation. The algorithm for accounting for project risks has been tested
on practical material. The results of the study are not only of theoretical and methodological
significance, but also have a high practical significance. The scope of their application is not
limited to the use of high — tech innovations in the framework of investment design. They can
and should be used in all cases when it is necessary to reliably achieve the priority goals set by
the initiators of risky investments in the real sector of the economy in the future.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: project risk management

value: resource risk management

value: net present value

value: cash flows

value: discounting

value: risk price

value: reserve funds

value: project evaluation


dc.contributor.author

value: Nefedov, Sergey A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nefedov, S. A. (2023) ‘The forming of the customs policy of Russia in the first half of the 19th century’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (2), pp. 268–286. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of the influence of customs policy on the economic development
of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. If we do not take into account the demands
of the coalition allies, then this policy was mainly determined by the struggle of two forces
with opposing economic interests. One of the forces was “agrarians”, landowners-nobles, interested
in free trade, that is, in the free export of agricultural products and the duty-free
receipt of manufactured goods from industrial countries. Another force, whose role is still
downplayed by historians, was the absolutist state, personified by the monarch and the central
bureaucracy. The state was interested in maintaining military and financial power, and in
economic independence. This implied an industry that had to be protected from foreign competition
by high customs duties. The interests of these forces were reflected in the ideological
confrontation. On the one hand, the ideas of Adam Smith’s “political economy” proclaiming
freedom of trade were popular among the nobility. On the other hand, the bureaucracy
used in its practice the ideas of traditional mercantilism. After the end of the Napoleonic
wars, duties were significantly reduced (tariff of 1819), but the relative freedom of trade led
to the massive ruin of Russian manufactories. As a result, the tariff of 1822 marked a decisive
turn towards mercantilist politics. Although Treasury Secretary Kankrin was lip service to
protectionism, he retained the most important mercantilist ban on metal imports by sea. In
the absence of competition, the Ural industrialists were not interested in introducing new
technology, and the industrial revolution passed by the Russian metallurgy. Thus, while the
thoughtless transition to free trade in 1819 caused the ruin of a large part of the manufactures,
the mercantelist policy carried to the extreme caused technical stagnation in the most important
branches of the economy. This predetermined the further economic lag in the process of
“great divergence”.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: economic policy

value: customs policy

value: freedom of trade

value: mercantilism

value: protectionism

value: tariff of 1819

value: tariff of 1822


dc.contributor.author

value: Tsyganov, Alexander A.

value: Bryzgalov, Denis V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tsyganov, A. A. and Bryzgalov, D. V. (2023) ‘Use of insurance by Russian enterprises to offset the risks associated with the financial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (2), pp. 248–267. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the emergence of new insurance interests in Russia related to the
COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods: empirical research methods — selective market
research, general theoretical methods — analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization.
Research hypothesis is so that in Russia, specialized insurance services have appeared, are
used, but have not found wide distribution, designed to compensate for the financial risks of a pandemic. The weak use of insurance as a way to protect against the risks of the financial
consequences of the pandemic in the Russian economy is due not only to the level of knowledge
about insurance, but also to the desire of Russian entrepreneurs to receive state rather
than private protection and support. The purpose of the research is to study the preferences of
enterprises when choosing mechanisms for compensating the risks of activities in a pandemic,
to identify changes in insurance interests, options for their satisfaction and the prevalence
of the use of insurance contracts, to identify the priority of obtaining public state support or
insurance protection that takes into account the specific interests of the entrepreneur. In summary,
the results of a market research of consumer preferences of enterprises in relation to
insurance programs as a mechanism for compensating for the damage of the risks of a “coronavirus”
infection are presented, the main insurance products, the level of use and factors preventing
an increase in the level of insurance are highlighted. It has been proved that there is a
significant proportion of enterprises using insurance to minimize the financial consequences
of the pandemic, in the context of the prevalence of the paternalistic model of behavior of the
owners and management of enterprises in terms of the formation of financial reserves in the
context of the coronavirus infection, which leads to a pronounced priority of state financial
support over the private form of financial support for enterprises. Taking into account the
results obtained, recommendations were formulated for the development of insurance as a
private form of support for enterprises in the context of coronavirus infection, allowing to take
into account the peculiarities of the paternalistic behavior of the owners and management of
enterprises in terms of compensating for “coronavirus” risks.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: insurance

value: insurance interests

value: insurance coverage

value: government support

value: private support

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Parshakov, Petr A.

value: Teplykh, Grigorii V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Parshakov, P. A. and Teplykh, G. V. (2023) ‘Network board capital and performance of international companies’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (2), pp. 198–216. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.203

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper estimates the influence of links between boards of directors on corporate performance
at the world level in the framework of network analysis. The vast majority of empirical
papers on the topic analyses the case of isolated countries. The current study estimates the effect
of networking in large companies at the international level. It enables a more correct construction
of the network between directors and eliminates the influence of national specificity.
We construct an international network of boards and calculate three alternative centrality
metrics: degree, closeness, and betweenness. Then the econometric analysis is applied to estimate
the effect of centrality on performance. We consider two dependent variables which are
responsible for the long-term and short-term effects (correspondingly, M/B ratio and ROE).
The effect of boards’ networking on firm outcomes is found to be positive on average for large
global companies. This resultis robust to used centrality metrics and financial indicators.The
influence of networking is found to be similar in the short and long term. We found that
closeness centrality is the most important aspect of network capital for firm outcomes; degree
has a moderate impact; the effects of betweenness are the weakest and statistically close to
insignificant. The study contributes considerably to existing literature summarizing particular
empirical evidences. Obtained findings also raise new theoretical issues and provide some
useful practical implications.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This paper is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at
the HSE University.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: board of directors

value: network analysis

value: relational capital

value: international companies


dc.contributor.author

value: Ivanov, Viktor V.

value: Lvova, Nadezhda A.

value: Saksonova, Svetlana

value: Lyukevich, Igor N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ivanov, V. V., Lvova, N. A., Saksonova, S. and Lyukevich, I. N. (2023) ‘Digital accessibility in the context of preference for financial services’, St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 39 (2), pp. 179–197. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2023.202

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper addresses the question of how digital access is related to the preference for financial
services. The purpose of the research was to reveal the main types of interrelationships
between digital and financial access by dividing and comparing countries with different corresponding
characteristics. The research hypothesis suggested a negative correlation would exist
between digital access and penetration of traditional financial services. To test this hypothesis,
data from countries with advanced and developing markets were analyzed. The share of the
population with Internet access was used as an indicator of digital access. To evaluate the
availability of financial services, the IMF financial access index was considered. The countries
were ranked by the level of digital and financial access, which allowed them to be divided into
four groups according four sub-hypotheses: low financial and high digital penetration, high
digital and financial penetration, low digital and high financial penetration, and low digital
and financial penetration. The correlation analysis of the obtained data revealed a weak negative
relationship between digital and financial access for each of the groups, and confirmed the
tested hypotheses. It was concluded that digital access by itself is not a driver for expanding
the availability of financial services, but it can contribute to innovative financial development
through the formation of alternative financial services. This research contributes to the understanding
of the ambiguous relationship between digital and financial access and, ultimately,
to the criticism of the optimistic perception of digital finance, which has practical significance
for financial regulation.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies;Volume 39; Issue 2

value: digital access

value: digital penetration

value: financial access

value: financial penetration

value: sustainable development

value: sustainable financial development

value: advanced markets

value: emerging markets

value: frontier markets

value: low-income countries


dc.contributor.author

value: Smara, Rafik

value: Bogatyreva, Karina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Smara R., Bogatyreva K. A. 2023. Moving to ambidextrous organization: A systematic literature review. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (2): 191–225. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.203

dc.description.abstract

value: The existing studies support the positive impact of organizational ambidexterity on a firm’s performance and its ability to succeed in the dynamic environments resulted from the COVID-19 pandemics or contexts characterized by a variety of rising tensions. In business organizations, ambidexterity manifests itself in maintaining a balance between exploration and exploitation strategies. Achieving ambidexterity is a challenging managerial task. The purpose of this paper is to identify behaviours of firms to increase their ability to develop and maintain ambidexterity as well as specify organizational systems and processes that induce and balance both exploitation and exploration. The authors develop an integrative framework that provides a comprehensive understanding of the path towards ambidexterity in organizations. This review reveals the fact that with the purpose to meet the conflicting demands of the ambidexterity agenda, managers should adapt the organizational culture, strategic goals and structure in order to implement two incompatible innovation strategies. The study identifies three closely related ambidexterity support systems and their underlying mechanisms, procedures, and leadership styles. Also, the main gaps in the literature and relevant directions for further empirical research are outlined. Keywords: ambidexterity, balance, exploration, exploitation.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research has been conducted with financial support from the Russian science foundation grant
(project No. 21-78-10024), https://rscf.ru/en/project/21-78-10024/

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 2

value: ambidexterity

value: balance

value: exploration

value: exploitation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Aray, Yulia N.

value: Christodoulou, Ioannis

value: Borodin, Denis A.

value: Klimova, Elena V.

value: Troshneva, Svetlana G.

value: Paikin, Nikita M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Aray Yu. N., Christodoulou I., Borodin D. A., Klimova E. V., Troshneva S. G., Paikin N. M. 2023. Collaboration between social entrepreneurs and large companies: Mutual value creation through different forms of partnerships. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (2): 151–190. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.202

dc.description.abstract

value: The purpose of this paper is to deeply explore partnerships between large companies and social entrepreneurs. The objectives are as follows: to identify different types of partnerships between social entrepreneurs and large companies, determine mutual benefits of partnership, explore the challenges which large companies and social entrepreneurs face in the partnership. Important results of the paper shed light on this under-investigated relationship between social entrepreneurs and large companies. First, the study offers a new categorization of partnerships between social entrepreneurs and large companies. A new model — the Partnership Matrix accordingly was developed. This model is based on mutual benefits for both parties: Business, Innovation, Reputation — Impact, Survival, Scale. Second, benefits and obstacles to the development of collaboration between social entrepreneurs and large companies were identified. An extensive set of semi-structured interviews allowed to hold in-depth analysis of qualitative data. The research contributes to the literature on social entrepreneurship, business and society. The results of the research have practical implications; they can help social entrepreneurs and large companies to develop partnerships using more conscious, thoughtful and suitable approaches to mutual value creation. Keywords: cross-sector partnership, social entrepreneurship, corporate social responsibility, social partnership, hybrid organization.

dc.subject

value: cross-sector partnership

value: social entrepreneurship

value: corporate social responsibility

value: social partnership

value: hybrid organization


dc.contributor.author

value: Kropachev, Nikolay M.

value: Eremeev, Vladimir V.

value: Popov, Anton V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kropachev N. M., Eremeev V. V., Popov A. V. 2023. Development of a system for measuring the efficiency of teaching and scientific activities in higher education: Experience of St. Petersburg State University. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (2): 133–150. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The system of higher education has not yet developed verified and reasonable criteria for evaluating
the effi ciency of the teaching staff. The mentioned problem affects not only the field of
management theory in higher education, but also has a quite visible practical implementation.
Th e current state of affairs and prospects for the development of Russian higher education largely
depends on the extent to which the system of performance indicators will create impetus for the
professional growth of university teachers. The correctness and validity of the practical methods
used in the implementation of these indicators is a factor that determines the social reputation
and professional authority of scientific and pedagogical staff in higher education institutions. In
the modern Russian system of higher education, there is a search for the most reasonable, objective
and fair criteria for evaluating the activities of the teaching staff. The main of these methods
presents visible innovations in the employment relations based on a system of effective contracts.
At the same time, the large-scale changes that this system brought to the sphere of employment
relations could not objectively enter into everyday life bypassing problems and contradictions.
The objectives of this article are to summarize and show the positive experience in application
of the system of indicators for evaluating the efficiency of scientific and pedagogical staff accumulated
at St. Petersburg State University. The experience allowed us to evaluate the most significant and important elements of this system, which, being tested in practice, have shown their
effectiveness as motivation for the professional growth of the teaching and scientific staff and, at
the same time, confirmed their importan ce as a mean of achieving the goals of the St. Petersburg
State University’s development program. The research relevance of this article is to point out the
practical foundations available at St. Petersburg State University for the development of universal
provisions on the creation and implementation of an effective system of incentives regulating the
work of scientific and pedagogical staff.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: management in the system of higher education

value: teaching staff of the university

value: evaluation of the efficiency of scientific and pedagogical staff

value: effective contract

value: pedagogical and scientific activities


dc.contributor.author

value: Nazarova, Varvara V.

value: Churakova, Iya Yu.

value: Sergachev, Boris D.

value: Orekhovskaya, Milena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nazarova V. V., Churakova I. Yu., Sergachev B. D., Orekhovskaya M. A. 2023. Responsible and profitable: How does ESG agenda increases company’s evaluation. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (2): 226–248. http://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.204

dc.description.abstract

value: This study evaluates the differences in environmental, social, and governance factors (ESG) affecting firm value by examining the rating for aggregate ESG and for each factor separately in developed and developing countries. Innovative industry companies as well as heavy industry companies are taken as examples. The paper demonstrates that the effect of ESG rating on the Tobin coefficient, taken as a proxy variable for firm value, differs across industries in developed and developing countries. Based on the observations of 4 207 firms from 35 countries over the period of 2016–2021, the findings demonstrate that the ESG ratings have a positive effect on firm value in developed countries and in innovative industries; the above-mentioned effects are persistent. It also shows that G score is important for the same groups of companies, however, for the firms registered in developing countries, an E score is sufficient in the short term. The paper concludes that lagged variables have a bigger impact on the results in heavy industries that demonstrate their concentration on internal operations, not on investors’ attention directed at the ESG factors. The findings are significant for scholars, managers and policymakers. Keywords: ESG score, ESG investment, firm value, impact evaluation, longitudinal study.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: ESG score

value: ESG investment

value: firm value

value: impact evaluation

value: longitudinal study

dc.title

value: Article


title: Alexandre Benois and Denis Diderot

dc.contributor.author

value: Zavyalova, Anna E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zavyalova, Anna. “Alexandre Benois and Denis Diderot”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 273–287. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is the first to consider the influence of the views of Denis Diderot (“Salons”) on the
works of Alexandre Benois — as an art historian, first of all — on his “The History of painting
of all times and peoples”. As a result of a comparative analysis of the texts by two authors, it was
established that both Benois and Diderot paid the greatest attention to the works of J. B. S. Chardin,
F. Boucher, C. (Sh. A.) Vanloo, J.-B. Greuze, J. Robert. It has also been established that Benois
described the art of Chardin and Boucher practically in the words of Diderot. The source study
analysis of Benois’s article “The Collection of Drawings by Stepan Yaremich”, as well as Benois’s
“Art letters” of different years, made it possible to find out his own attitude to Busher. The source
study analysis of Benois’s memoirs “My Memories” and the work of R. Muther “The History of
Painting in the 19th Century” made it possible to find out the source of Benois’s negative assessment
of narrative and edifying in the art of Dreams — precisely those qualities that Diderot especially
appreciated in the works of this artist. Comparative analysis of the text of Benois’s article
“On Narrative in Painting”, his work “History of Russian Painting in the 19th Century” with the
text of “Salons” by Diderot made it possible to find out that Benois used at the beginning of his
activity the Diderot’s method of an expanded description.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Alexandre Benois

value: Salons of Denis Diderot

value: history of art

value: Richard Muther

value: Edmond and Jules Goncourt

value: Jean Baptiste Siméon Chardin

value: Jean-Baptiste Greuze

value: François Boucher

value: Hubert Robert

value: art critics

value: Alexandre Benois and Denis Diderot


dc.contributor.author

value: Kusraeva, Olga A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kusraeva O. A. 2023. Nation brand communications go digital: Can it help to gain nation branding goals? Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Management 22 (2): 249–266. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu08.2023.205

dc.description.abstract

value: Globalisation and digitalisation blur the borders between countries and they lose their uniqueness. Relations between countries are becoming close; however, national priorities and ideas of each country are becoming less clear. Nation branding helps to bridge the gap between how a state positions itself and how it is actually perceived. Digital communication tools provide benefits for the realisation of a nation brand. The development of digitalisation as one of the priorities for a country as well as the growth of the number of “digital” audiences necessitate the use of digital communication tools in the implementation of nation branding. Although the use of digital communication tools is common in the commercial and non-commercial sectors, there is a lack of research establishing the relationship between the goals of nation branding and the relevant digital communication tools to achieve these goals. This article analyses the possibilities of digital communication tools in reaching the goals of nation branding. The concepts of a nation brand and nation branding are defined, and the main functions of nation branding are highlighted. There were selected five digital communication tools that are of the greatest interest for the implementation of nation branding; their advantages were identified. Digital communication tools are aligned with the goals of nation branding. The capabilities of digital communication tools to achieve the goals of nation branding are determined. Keywords: nation brand, nation branding, digital communications, communication tools, nation branding goals, digitalisation.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Management;Volume 22; Issue 2

value: nation brand

value: nation branding

value: digital communications

value: communication tools

value: nation branding goals

value: digitalisation

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kreydun, Yuri A.

value: Reutova, Elena M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kreydun, Yuri, and Elena Reutova. “Works of Art in the Thematic Collections of the Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich. From the Experience of the Collection Reconstruction”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 288–312. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the collection of works of art by the Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich,
which was located in the New Mikhail Palace before the revolution, which today does not
exist as a single whole, but has been preserved as separate parts in central and regional Russian
museums. On the basis of the reconstruction of the collection, carried out with the help
of written sources and the revealed pictorial series, its composition was analyzed, the main
thematic blocks were highlighted and the characteristic features of the collecting activity of
its owner were determined. Until now, this aspect has not become the subject of special study.
The novelty of the study also lies in the use of previously unpublished archival documents, the
main place among which is occupied by the surviving inventories of the movable property of
the New Mikhail Palace, compiled during the life of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich, as well
as after the nationalization of the palace. The study of sources, as well as works of art stored in
Russian museums, made it possible to fully recreate and reconstruct the composition of this collection. The study showed that numerous items related to military history, Caucasian life,
and hunting were kept in the New Mikhail Palace, which reflected the professional occupations
and interests of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich. Works of art have been an integral
part of these thematic collections. The main criterion for their selection was the plot, and the
main requirement for works of art was the exact fixation of the events depicted, many of which
were witnessed or participated by the owner himself. The authors of numerous paintings,
graphic works and sculptural compositions located in the New Mikhail Palace were both renowned
artists of their time and lesser-known Russian and European masters. The significant
role of Emperor Nicholas I in the formation of the artistic tastes of the Grand Duke Mikhail
Nikolaevich and the requirements that he set for works of art is noted.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich

value: New Mikhail Palace

value: private collecting

value: collection

value: State Museum Fund

value: Omsk Regional Museum of Fine Arts named after M. A. Vrubel

value: Inventory of property

value: battle painting


title: Textile Painting by Cesare Tacchi

dc.contributor.author

value: Mitrofanova, Natalia Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Mitrofanova, Natalia. “Textile Painting by Cesare Tacchi”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 313–325. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The work of the Italian artists of the Piazza del Popolo School is a unique period in the history
of art of the 20th century. The activities of this association marked the birth of the Italian
version of pop art. Despite the fact that the American and Italian pop movements existed in
parallel and had similar external features, they were significantly different. These differences
can be traced in the creativity of the members of the association. Cesare Tacchi was a member
of this union. The path of this master represents an individual trajectory of artistic and conceptual
development. One of the creative stages of Cesare Tacchi falls into the mid-sixties of
the twentieth century. Experimental and innovative paintings of this time were created using
industrially produced fabrics. Large-scale textile collages, in addition to being painted with
enamel, pastels and felt-tip pens, also acquired a relief texture due to the furniture filler. Cesare
Tacchi used a pick with nails or metal staples in accordance with the logic of the created image.
That is why the artist ironically called himself “upholstery”, and called his textile collages
“upholstery”. In them, we find images of artist’s friends, his own self-portraits or images made
on the basis of photographs. The pattern, texture of the fabric and the softness of the emerging
relief, together with the conceptual nature of the creative technique, made a great impression
on the viewer and gave rise to new associations. Textiles simultaneously demonstrated the
consumer culture of that time, turned from a subordinate material into a means of artistic
expression, became an object of art and contributed to the emergence of a stream of new associative
links, far from the consumer idea.

dc.subject

value: contemporary art

value: textile painting

value: artistic textiles

value: Italian pop art

value: Cesare Tacchi

value: textile collage

dc.title

value: Textile Painting by Cesare Tacchi


dc.contributor.author

value: Smirnova, Tat’yana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Smirnova, Tat’yana. “The Pavan in English Music of the 16th–17th Centuries”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 222–242. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to recreation of the genre Pavan evolution in English music of the 16th–
17th centuries. The research involved diverse sources such as early treatises, musical and practical
manuals, old-printed musical editions and modern anthologies of the English music of
the 16th–17th centuries that allowed to review the Pavan as a vivid representative of the genre
system of 16th–17th centuries English instrumental music, to locate the main centers of its expansion
(the Tudors and Stuarts Royal Courts, the Houses of English authoritative stripes and
Inns of Court) and to concretize some idea about its functional and communicative features,
to determine a range of English Pavan authors from William Byrd and Alfonso Ferrabosco the
elder (who were silent trendsetters in the musical and artistic tastes at the English Court in the
second half of the 16th century) to Henry Purcell (who became a leader in the development
of English music in the last quarter of the 17th century marked by vanishing of national late
Renaissance and early Baroque traditions in the chamber instrumental music-making). In the
article there were defined the vectors for new treatment of dance genre, have been developing
its composition from anonymous to author’s one with clearly recognizable individual style of
writing. It emphasizes the systematics of the variety of surviving Pavans with different titles,
which reflects the compositional-technological or figurative-emotional features of dance pieces.
Apart from the others the “named” Pavans and the pieces related to them and created in
traditions ‘In memoriam’ were examined. The results of scientific research could be used for
the further development of the musical style questions and compositional method of English
composers of the 16th–17th centuries related to the mutual cultural and historical tradition.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: English music

value: court culture

value: early dance

value: pavan

value: musical and practical manual

value: In memoriam

value: Farewell

value: characteristic miniature

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Shik, Ida A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shik, Ida. “Jerry Uelsmann and Contemporary Digital Photography: Jungian Images of ‘Photoshop’s Godfather’”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 326–343. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article, the researcher made a comprehensive study the American photographer Jerry
Uelsmann art as a kind of contemporary digital photo-surrealism “prehistory”. The author revealed
connections of Jerry Uelsmann works with American modernist photography and historical
surrealist photography. The researcher analyzed the structure of Jerry Uelsmann’s hybrid images
in the context of the ideas of analytical psychology, and also outlined the themes and concepts
proposed in the works of the photographer that would be relevant in contemporary digital
photography. The study showed that Jerry Uelsmann art continued the traditions of American
modernist photography and started a new, post-modernist period in the development of photographic
art in the United States characterized by the use of photography as a tool of self-knowledge
and philosophical expression. Jerry Uelsmann applied such important for the historical
Surrealist photography conceptions as convulsive beauty, the principle of “encounter of images”,
surreality. He used experimental techniques (negative print, solarization, photomontage) and
aimed to demonstrate the limitless creative possibilities of photography as well as the Surrealists.
Uelsmann appealed to archetypal images which provided his works by intellectual simplicity
and external showiness that contributed to the popularity of his photomontages and their strong
influence on the development of contemporary manipulative photography. Uelsmann set a kind
of “standard” for photo-Surrealism of the late 20th–21st centuries: these are technically perfect
photomontages that require a high level of professional skills and time expenditure. Many of Jerry
Uelsmann’s motives and ideas found parallels in contemporary digital photography. Among
their common features it’s possible to single out concentration on the inner world of the person,
interest in archetypes and symbols, the desire to poeticize nature, and the introduction of elements
of mass culture into hybrid images.

dc.subject

value: Jerry Uelsmann

value: surrealism

value: modernism

value: postmodernism

value: American photography

value: post-visualization

value: photographic manipulations

value: photomontage

value: digital photography

value: archetypes


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhambaeva, Tuyana I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhambaeva, Tuyana. “Tapestry Art in Buryatia: Experience and Perspectives”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 344–360. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article presents the main stages in the development of tapestry in Buryatia, from the
establishment of this form of art based on weaving of nap-free Buryat taara carpets in the
19th–20th centuries, to the formation of the tapestry school in this region. The consideration
of the art of tapestry in Buryatia in the context of events and trends in the decorative applied
art of Buryatia in the 20th–21st centuries is connected with such issues as the entry of folk
artistic traditions into the system of socialist realism, the process of revival of national identity,
the author’s creativity in the field of tapestry weaving. The consideration of the stated
topic of the article made it possible to summarize the available information and present a
more integral picture of the development and current state of this form of decorative applied
art of Buryatia as tapestry, as well as to introduce new material about the work of tapestry
masters at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, to consider the significance of the tapestry art
in Buryatia in the synthesis of tradition and innovation. The characteristic features of the
regional school of tapestry are determined by the specificity of themes and plots, the semantics
of the motives of the Buryat ornament, the original author’s style of weaving and the
transfer of weaving experience from generation to generation. Furthermore, the originality
of the tapestry of Buryatia is connected with the use of horsehair, sarlik hair in the technique
of classical weaving. At the same time, in the process of weaving, the natural shades of the
hair are preserved, which endow the woven product with a subtle color palette. The attention
is paid to transfer of the experience of horsehair weaving to the younger generation.
For illustrative purposes, the educational institutions in the Republic of Buryatia, in which
the “Tapestry” discipline is taught. In general, the role of educational institutions in the
popularization of this form of art is highlighted.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Buryatia

value: tapestry

value: decorative and applied art

value: horsehair

value: national identity

value: hand weaving


dc.contributor.author

value: Afanaseva, Irina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Afanaseva, Irina. “‘Artistic Text’ in the Artworks of V. E. Makovsky: Rhetorical Figures and Visual Tropes”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 255–272. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the study of visual semantics in the artworks of the famous artist
Vladimir Makovsky (1846–1920). This painter entered the history of Russian art as an outstanding
master of “small genre”, the author of a short, fascinating story in painting. It is no
coincidence that the contemporaries compared the characters in V. Makovsky’s paintings with
the heroes of N. Gogol’s, I. Turgenev’s, A. Ostrovsky’s, L. Tolstoy’s, M. Gorky’s, A. Chekhov’s
works. The author makes an attempt of interdisciplinary research, analyzing the “Artistic text”
in V. Makovsky’s paintings in the aspect of philological problems, using the appropriate methodology
and terminology, as well as touching upon the issues of psychological perception and
comprehension of his works of art. The article draws parallels between the rhetorical figures
(antithesis, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole) and the visual tropes in V. Makovsky’s
paintings and, using specific examples, examines the role of the psychological landscape,
quotation, artistic detail, mirror, observer’s position, the techniques of “story in a story”
(“picture in a picture”) in painting. Language — a cultural code — performs two formally opposite
functions: on the one hand, it preserves and reproduces traditions, and on the other, it
provides dynamics through creative innovation. Verbal language affects the viewer gradually
in time, with a clear sequence of language elements, visual language affects the viewer onestep
and complex. It is argued that in V. Makovsky’s artworks there is an intense penetration of
techniques and image-associative references associated with literary tradition. The means of
artistic expression in literature and in visual arts reflect the action of general mental operators
associated with creation and transformation activities.

dc.subject

value: V. E. Makovsky

value: Peredvizhniki

value: rhetorical figures

value: visual tropes

value: titles of artworks

value: word and image

value: dialogues between the verbal and the visual

value: Russian art

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Averyanova, Olga N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Averyanova, Olga. “Reproduction Technology. From Replica to Brand”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 243–254. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the works by the French artist of American origin Man
Ray. The objects of the first New York period were studied, later they repeatedly have been
reproduced by the author. We consider prints of non-preserved objects as the author’s version
of a photographic readymade. Reproductions and replications have become an important part
of the artist’s strategy in Paris and especially in America. These practices represent an example
of the branding technology traditionally associated with Andy Warhol. Man Ray invented it
long before the commercialization of pop art. The idea as the main artistic value, regardless
of the method of its implementation and originality, becomes not only the basis of conceptual
art, but also the quintessence of the phenomenon that we call an art brand. We define it as
an ideology that includes the characteristics of the artist’s personality, his work and general
strategies, including the marketing ones. Ray’s experiments as a modernist, artist and photographer
significantly expanded the spectrum of theoretical and practical issues related to the
relationship between art and commerce in an era when the aesthetic value of a work depended
not only on the conditions and on circumstances of the order, but on the novelty and radicality
— the time when the experiments have being absolutized. In the avant-garde, this criterion
has become an indicator of the artist’s talent and success. If we define a brand as a mental cover
of a product, then the application of this term to a work of art is quite justified, especially since
the 20th century approved the priority of design methods of creativity, the cognitive value of
an artwork became more important than the retinal one. The artist required a certain amount
of ingenuity to remain a radical and be part of the market system, transforming the symbolic
value of his work into an economic one. Seeming independence from the artistic conjuncture
turned into a skillful balancing act between creativity and commerce.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Man Ray

value: ready-made

value: photographic prints

value: replica

value: branding technology

value: reproduction technology

value: artistic brand


dc.contributor.author

value: Tochilova, Nadezhda N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Tochilova, Nadezhda. “New Perspectives on Studying Art of the Baltic Region in the 10th–12th Centuries: The Issue of Artistic Interaction between Scandinavia and Ancient Rus’”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 361–375. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.209 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of this research is to study the development of Scandinavian art outside of Scandinavia.
The main attention is focused on the process of influence of the Borre style elements on the applied art development in North-West Russia of the 10th–12th centuries. The main
sources of artistical influence should be not Scandinavia, but the territory of distribution of
Scandinavian art, in particular, Pomerania and the British Isles. The stylistic analysis revelates
the use of identical elements of decor, where the main place have the highly simplified Borre
style motifs (chains and scale motifs), supplemented by a double contour and hatching. It
is possible to trace the process of Borre’s assimilation using carved wooden artefacts from
Novgorod the Great. Development of this art in the 10th century was influenced by the art of
Viking Age. The preservation of these stylistic features can be traced in Novgorod art up to
and including the 12th century. One of the actual problems of this phenomenon is the analysis
of the decorative schemes and the appearance of the main visual elements.

value: Scandinavian art

value: art of Ancient Rus’

value: applied art

value: Novgorod the Great

value: Slavs and Scandinavian

value: Viking Age in the Medival Rus’

value: Pomeranian art

value: art and archaeology


dc.contributor.author

value: Vasilyeva, Ekaterina V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Vasilyeva, Ekaterina. “Fashion and the Question of the Symbolic: The Ideology of Value and Its Limits”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 2 (2023): 376–392. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.210

dc.description.abstract

value:
Questions of the symbolic occupy one of the central places in the structure and concept of
fashion. The system of the symbolic — obscure, not always lending itself to identification
and definition — forms the basis of fashion as a mechanism focused upon inversion and acceptance
of a conventional system of values. The ideology of the symbolic, founded on the
establishment of symbolic values is of direct relevance to an understanding of the system of
fashion. The symbolic holds a central position in the establishment of a system of values. It
constructs the rich content of the semantic vector of fashion. The artistic, visual and content
platform of fashion is built on the basis of the symbolic. This conception was outlined by
Jacques Lacan, and then developed further by such figures as Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari,
Michel Foucault, Jean Baudrillard and Pierre Bourdieu. Existing in a variety of statuses and
supporting a whole range of basic programmes — shaping concepts of the authentic, defining
mechanisms of exchange and significance, denoting the boundaries of the social field — the
symbolic maintains and determines the visual and semantic rules of fashion. This paper examines
the main theories of the symbolic associated with the formation of the ideological and
artistic programme of fashion.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 13; Issue 2

value: fashion theory

value: symbol

value: symbolic

value: Jacques Lacan

value: Michel Foucault

value: Pierre Bourdieu

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Ezhova, Elena N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ezhova E. N. (2023). Artifacts of culture in polycode advertising text: Types of quotation. Media Linguistics, 10 (2), 179–208. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the problem of using cultural artifacts — material or mental objects
created by man, functioning in various areas of the cultural-semantic field- in the structure of
a polycode advertising text. The research methodology is based on a structural-semiotic approach
and functional analysis. The paper considers various approaches to the definition of the
concept of artifact; the typology of cultural artifacts used in advertising is determined. Based
on the dichotomy of artistic and non-artistic ways of human exploration of the world, the following
types of artifacts are distinguished in the structure of creolized media and advertising
discourse: artifacts of spatial art (fine arts, architecture, decorative and applied arts); artifacts
of temporary art (literature, folklore and musical); artifacts of spatio-temporal syncretic art
(theatrical, choreographic, cinematographic, comics, actually advertising, etc.); extra-artistic artifacts (artifacts of history, fashion, politics, mass media, visual and verbal memes, etc.). We
can define the mechanism for including artifacts in the fabric of media and advertising text as
quoting texts of a previous culture that can manifest themselves at various levels of depth of
the semantic structure of advertising. In this sense, citation is understood as broadly as possible,
as the actualization in the text structures of the content elements of past texts or formal
ones. The types of artifactual citation are determined by us on the basis of the modality parameter:
mono modal citation (citation in the advertising text of the text of the same medial rank);
polymodal citation (citation in the text of an advertisement of a text of a different medial
rank); auto-citation (quoting texts of previous advertisements in advertising); meta citation
(citation in advertising of expressions containing a reflection on the advertisement itself).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: polycode advertising text

value: artifact

value: intertextuality

value: precedent

value: quotation


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhanpeissova, Naziia M.

value: Kuzembayeva, Gulzhana A.

value: Maigeldiyeva, Zhannat M.

value: Zholmurzayeva, Raikhan B.

value: Maydangalieva, Zhumagul A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhanpeissova N. M., Kuzembayeva G. A., Maigeldiyeva Zh. M., Zholmurzayeva R. B., Maydangalieva Zh. A. (2023). Adaptation of foreign borrowings from the Russian language in Kazakh Internet discourse. Media Linguistics, 10 (2), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article summarizes the experience of studying foreign borrowings from the Russian language
in the Kazakh Internet discourse. The aim of the study is to describe the ways of adaptation
of foreign borrowings in the speech practices of Kazakh-Russian bilinguals, Internet
users, in the context of language and speech contacts of participants in modern Internet discourse.
The object of the study is the types of foreign borrowings from the Russian language in
the Kazakh Internet discourse; the subject of the study is the speech practices of Kazakh-Russian
bilinguals, Internet users. The research design comprised of a complex analysis, including
descriptive, contrastive, phonetic, lexicographic, lexico-semantic analyses, quantitative methods
and translation of texts. The description of interlingual interaction was made on the basis of synchronic material — the statements of modern Internet users, extracted from the Kazakh
content of the social network, various chats and websites (Baribar.kz, YouTube). The analyzed
text material included 180 units. The results of the study showed a high degree of demand
for these borrowings in the Kazakh Internet discourse, most of which are used in accordance
with the fixed spelling and orthoepic norms of the Kazakh language, which indicates their adaptation
by Kazakh-Russian bilinguals. In the Kazakh Internet discourse, typical, predictable
ways of adapting borrowings by Kazakh-Russian bilinguals, Internet users, which are caused
by system interference in the conditions of interaction of languages of different structures,
are noted. At the same time, phenomena characteristic only of oral speech were found, for
example, the specific use of Russian clichéd combinations. With caution, we can talk about the
specific phenomena in the Russian language, which is widespread on the territory of Kazakhstan,
such as grammatical assimilation and semi-calculus. These phenomena are typical only
for oral discourse, but the Internet discourse provides an excellent opportunity for their study.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Internet discourse

value: Kazakh-Russian bilingualism

value: foreign borrowings

value: adaptation of borrowings

value: ways of adaptation


dc.contributor.author

value: Danilevskaya, Natalia V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Danilevskaya N. V. (2023). Arguments vs emotions: Argumentative models as a tool of ideological confrontation in the mass media. Media Linguistics, 10 (2), 148–165. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the texts covering the special military operation (SVO) of the Russian Federation
on the territory of Ukraine in the modern media discourse. The question of language
strategies and tactics used in media texts belonging to authors professing different ideological
positions is considered. By means of linguistic-stylistic, functional-grammatical and comparative
analyses, it is concluded that in the texts, on the one hand, pro-Russian-minded, and
on the other — liberal-minded journalists and bloggers, different argumentation methods are
chosen as language strategies. As a result of the study of texts devoted to the topic of SVO, the
author of the article comes to the conclusion about the predominantly reasoned nature of the
speech of pro-Russian authors and, conversely, about the predominantly evaluative and hypothetical,
i. e., in general, the emotional type of speech in the texts of liberal-minded authors. It
is argued that the main method of argumentation of “pro-Russian texts” is the factual method,
whereas the main methods of argumentation in “liberal texts” are evaluative and hypothetical
methods. Special attention is paid to the question of the place and role of argumentation in
texts representing new knowledge. In this regard, the problem of logical and cognitive actions
relevant to substantiating truth in scientific communication is considered. Based on a comparative
analysis of the logic of argumentation in journalistic and scientific communication, a
conclusion is made about the similarity of communicative and cognitive strategies of science
and quality journalism. The description of argumentative actions representing the position of journalists and bloggers belonging to the liberal wing of the media sphere allows the author to
speak about the low-quality nature of liberal journalism.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant no. 20-412-590006
“Mass speech culture of the Perm region: transformation of linguistic, communicative, ethical norms in the
21st century”.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 10; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: methods of argumentation

value: ideological confrontation

value: media texts

value: language strategy

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Iakoba, Irina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Iakoba I. A. (2023). Soft, hard and smart powers differentiating in the media discourse: An experimental research. Media Linguistics, 10 (2), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The powers of discourse in the modern media Internet space are presented and differentiated on
the examples of social, political, religious types of discourse. The methods used are interpretation,
inference and linguistic experiment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the media addressee’s
understanding of the smart, soft and hard powers of discourse. An online questionnaire
was presented and tested in the Google-form to identify the degree of understanding of the terms
and their practical application by a diverse addressee. In the course of the research, the hypothesis
of the ability of a non-highly specialized addressee to differentiate the influencing powers of
discourse was confirmed. The differentiation of the discourse powers is confirmed by 2/3 of the
respondents who correctly identified the powers given as written examples. The strength of each
example is justified by the proposed parameters. The research justifies the need for the discourse
powers separation in connection with the strengthening of the intellectual potential of the media
discourse to influence “smartly” on the addressee by purposefully constructing the discourse according
to the given parameters. Response discourse, feedback with a potential addressee allows
us to clarify the set of parameters necessary for a more accurate and unambiguous differentiation
of discourse powers that can exert an effect in modern media space. Scientific novelty consists in
conducting a linguistic sociological experiment, which allows you to understand better the effect
of the discourse powers and their interpretation by the addressee. For the first time, a differentiating
characteristic of the powers of discourse for communication control is given. For the first
time, examples of powers from the social, political, religious types of discourse are analyzed and
compared. A promising area of research on the potential of media discourse is to attract different
types of discourse on the material of different languages.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: discourse soft power

value: discourse hard power

value: discourse smart power

value: media discourse


dc.contributor.author

value: Polonskiy, Andrej V.

value: Shatalova, Yuliya N.

value: Kryukova, Svetlana V.

value: Ushakova, Svetlana V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Polonskiy A. V., Shatalova Yu. N., Kryukova S. V., Ushakova S. V. (2023). Polydiscursivity of the Internet meme as a realization of its linguo-creative potential. Media Linguistics, 10 (2), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The Internet meme as a unit of information and semantic exchange, having a polycode
structure and the status of a precedent text, has a high linguo-creative potential. The linguistic
creativity of a meme is formed due to the mechanisms of indirectly derived nomination,
which provides a multi-layered cognitive structure and is conditioned by the type
and topic of discourse, which determines its wide demand and life cycle. The analysis of the
array of Internet memes testifies to the stability of those units whose content plan is permanently
relevant for users, corresponds to their cultural base. At the same time, according
to the authors, it is the linguo-creative potential of the meme, the ability to change, that
provides a long time cycle of its existence. In the article, based on representative material,
possible directions of meme creative development are identified, including the expansion
of the component composition of the original unit; replacement by another unit within the
lexico-semantic group; actualization of evaluative or expressive components of its semantics.
Memes with the dominance of the verbal part demonstrate great linguistic and creative
potential, which leads to high variability in the selection of illustrations, the possibility of
textual transformations. The text part in such memes freely participates in the contamination
of memes, the creation of metamemes. Such memes can demonstrate great potential in
generating new communicative units, going beyond meme accounts and Internet discourse. At the functional level, the linguo-creative potential is manifested in the use of memes in
media headlines, in business account posts, in naming, advertising texts and TV products
(including TV series). The authors come to the conclusion that anchoring in discourses of
various types is also one of the key factors that allow a meme to remain in the information
space for a long time.

value: Internet meme

value: meme life cycle

value: linguo-creative thinking

value: polydiscursivity

value: precedent text


dc.contributor.author

value: Sorokin, Andrey A.

value: Slyshkin, Gennady G.

value: Malygina, Lydia E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sorokin A. A., Slyshkin G. G., Malygina L. E. (2023). Representation of toponymic changes in the Russian-Ukrainian media discourse: Problems of national security and protection of historical memory. Media Linguistics, 10 (2), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.205 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study of modern toponymic discourse in the mass media is one of the most pressing
problems, since the introduction of “new toponymy” into active speech usage, into the cultural
context of each member of the mass audience occurs precisely through the mass communication
media. At the same time, the generalization of new toponymic units, even at the
level of sentences, has a strong and direct impact on the behavior of the audience, the change
and formation of the value system through historical and socio-cultural argumentation. Thus,
changes in modern toponymy become part of the current linguistic and cultural concept, a
linguistic source of information about the social, political, spiritual culture of the mass audience.
Moreover, many examples of modern toponymy directly relate to issues of linguistic
security in various aspects of media perception, a kind of humanitarian weapon in the
confrontation of ideologies of states. Actual changes in toponymy, dictated by socio-political
and historical-social circumstances, participate in the formation of a linguistic and cultural
concept, which is formed as a result of the reduction of a fragment of the cognizable world to
the limits of human memory and is included in the context of culture in verbal units necessary
to meet the communicative needs of members of society. We consider the renaming of
historical place names as a format for creating new linguistic concepts, part of a destructive
information flow that is deliberately formed in the mass media, in the information flow of
new media (telegram channels, social networks), creating an up-to-date media discourse. To
study onomastic realities, it is necessary to develop a methodology for extracting cultural and
historical information from the onomasticon, as well as a methodology for interpreting this
information. This work is aimed at analyzing the current toponymic situation in the context of
Russian-Ukrainian relations since 2014 and can be regarded as a contribution to the body of
research of the cultural and historical onomasticon.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Media Linguistics;Volume 10; Issue 2

value: linguistic security

value: destructive content

value: information flow

value: non-toponymy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Kulichenko, Yulia N.

value: Kurchenkova, Elena A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kulichenko Yu. N., Kurchenkova E. A. (2023). Means of evaluation in environmental media discourse. Media Linguistics, 10 (2), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.202 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The purpose of the article is to describe and classify the linguistic means expressing evaluative
meaning in the environmental media discourse. The objectives of the study include the identification
of different means expressing evaluation in media texts devoted to environmental issues,
identifying lexical items and stylistic devices for the formation of an evaluation strategy in
modern media texts devoted to environmental issues, creating a typology of evaluative linguistic
means in media environmental discourse. The method of component analysis of the lexical
meaning of a word was used in the work, it enabled full understanding and characterization of
lexical units with an evaluative component in their semantics. The method of content analysis of
media texts made it possible to identify the pragmatic potential of axiological vocabulary used
in Russian media texts dealing with environmental issues. The article considers the category of
evaluation, which is universal for media discourse, and proposes a classification of linguistic
means of expressing evaluative meaning in environmental media discourse. It is supposed to
divide all linguistic means of expression of evaluative meaning into two main groups according
to their positive or negative meaning. The authors carried out a detailed part-of-speech analysis
of the lexical items of both groups, proposed their classification and analysed stylistic devices as a
way of expressing a positive or negative connotation. The analysis showed that the most frequent
among all the lexical items under consideration are adjectives with different meanings, which
are widely used as a means of influence in the environmental media discourse and are capable of
expressing ethical, aesthetic and rationalistic (utilitarian) assessment.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: environmental media discourse

value: Russian media discourse

value: assessment

value: speech impact

value: classification of evaluative linguistic means


dc.contributor.author

value: Komarova, Elena V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Komarova E. V. (2023). Digital ethics challengers in Russian and English media texts: Migrant discourse case study. Media Linguistics, 10 (2), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2023.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
With digital technologies penetrating all spheres of life, the problem of digital ethics has become
one of the most perspective and widely researched tasks of modern science and linguistics
in particular. Digitalization influences the processes of media communication, which
requires development of certain ethical standards in virtual environment. The given study
aims at analysing and comparing digital ethics in Russian and English media texts. Within the
framework of this study, digital etiquette is seen as a continuation of speech etiquette aimed
at neutralizing aggression towards vulnerable members of society in the online environment.
Using a combination of methods, namely sentiment analysis and analysis of lexical associations,
messages about migrants in social networks, forums, blogs, instant messengers and microblogs
were analyzed. The sentiment orientation of the text was determined using an automatic
text analysis program and subsequent linguistic expertise. For this study we collected
social media data of 8,478,629 characters (VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, YouTube, etc.). For the
analysis of English-language media texts, iWeb data on the input word migrant was collected.
The total volume of the analyzed English-language Internet messages is 1,185,200 characters.
Migrant discourse in Russian and English social media texts is polythematic. The results show
that negative and neutral tone prevail in English media texts while in Russian there are neutral,
positive and negative texts. In English media texts, there are messages expressing solidarity
with migrants. At the same time, the problems of ethnic intolerance and religious stereotyping
still require consideration and further development of regulatory tools.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: digital ethics

value: media texts

value: migrant discourse

value: sentiment analysis

value: sentiment orientation


dc.contributor.author

value: Brandenberger, D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Brandenberger D. ‘The Role of Coercion and Falsification in the Preparation of Stalin-era Interrogation Protocols’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 376–399. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.208 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article shows the problematic nature of modern studies that consider interrogation protocols of
the Stalinist era to be reliable sources in their analyses. To begin with, these studies use primitive and inconsistent
methodologies in their analysis of the interrogation protocols. Most of them approach the problem without
the appropriate level of criticism, expressing little or no doubt about the content of these documents. Others,
which claim to have adopted more specific methodological approaches, often base them on unverified hypotheses
instead of empirically-proven principles. Secondly, these studies ignore recent work in neuroscience and
cognitive, social, and clinical psychology that shows that coercion and torture undermine the ability of those
under interrogation to give credible testimony. Biomedical studies have demonstrated that extremely stressful
conditions (torture, coercion, blackmail, fear, deprivation of sleep and food, etc.) impair the function of the mind
and erode its ability to retrieve reliable information from memory, especially affecting the accuracy and clarity
of these recollections. Such techniques can significantly distort the testimony of detainees and even force those under interrogation to change their testimony, to repeat false information provided by the investigator or to
falsely incriminate themselves. Thirdly, these studies overlook the fact that state security officials of that period
systematically falsified interrogation protocols. Protocols, as a rule, were drawn up by the investigators and then
were simply signed by those under interrogation — a practice that raises questions about how accurately these
protocols convey the actual words, expressions and meanings contained in the elicited testimony. What’s more,
many investigators are known to have often added details or to have embellished the confessions, while others
made up entire conspiracies from scratch, before forcing the suspects to sign protocols recording their false
confessions. This article illustrates these theses with evidence from the case of A. V. Putintsev, a state security
investigator between 1941–1954.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: protocol

value: interrogation

value: coercion

value: torture

value: falsification

value: Ministry of State Security

value: People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs

value: repressions

value: evidence

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Morozova, O. M.

value: Troshina, T. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Morozova O. M., Troshina T. I. ‘The Russian Income Tax Against the Background of the Sociopolitical Events of 1917–1920s’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 322–338. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.204 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The introduction of income tax in Russia has a long history, but not all stages of this process have been
covered in scholarly publications. Due to the low efficiency of the tax institutions of the post-revolutionary governments,
their law-making activities and attempts to collect income tax in 1917–1921 remain under-researched.
What little the Soviet and White governments had in common was their willingness to base their fiscal practices on
the imperial legislation. The practice of application revealed differences. The Bolsheviks consistently developed
the existing framework, trying to find forms of tax collection appropriate to the country’s situation despite a long
phase of failure in their attempts. Not only the central authorities, but also the county councils and congresses
were given greater freedom in rulemaking. In contrast to this experience, the opponents of the Soviet power,
didn’t work out the contours of the emergency financial system. The decrees and orders of the White governments
were only created to respond to inflationary processes. The construction of the peacetime tax system
continued under the extraordinary conditions of economic crisis and famine. The Soviet government and the
People’s Commissariat of Finance did not abandon the idea of the income tax, considering its presence a sign of
maturity of the tax system and the guarantee of stability of revenue receipts in the budget. At the stage of the class
struggle in the economic sphere in the 1920s, it was used as a tool to restrain the growth of bourgeois elements
in trade and production. The introduction of this type of tax in the agricultural collective sector lasted for decades.
Sporadic attempts to use it in the 1920s were unsuccessful. It was not until 1992 that it took the form of a personal
income tax.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-18-20061 “Foreign Concessions
in the Arkhangelsk Province: Regional Experience of Foreign Economic Contacts under the Isolation of
Soviet Russia”, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-20061/

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: income tax

value: tax legislation

value: People’s Commissariat of Finance

value: revolution

value: Russia

value: Civil War

value: New Economic Policy


dc.contributor.author

value: Karushkina, N. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Karushkina N. V. ‘Searches of Former Members of the Romanov Imperial House in Crimea in April 1917’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 305–321. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.203 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
By the end of March 1917, 20 out of 65 members of the Romanov Imperial House gathered on the
estates Ai-Todor, Diul’ber, and Chair near Yalta in the Crimea. There were among them: a widow of Alexander III
Maria Fedorovna; sisters of Nicholas II Xenia and Olga; Grand Dukes Nicholas Nikolaevich, Alexander Mikhailovich,
Peter Nikolaevich. On April 26, 1917, representatives of the Sevastopol Soviet, with the support of the forces
of the Black Sea Fleet, conducted massive searches in the places of residence of the relatives of the former
tsar in order to identify a possible counter-revolutionary conspiracy. On the basis of the published sources, as
well as previously unused materials from the Russian State Archive of the Navy, including inspection protocols,
the article reconstructs the circumstances of this only search of the Romanovs in the Crimea. The names of the
main participants in the events are restored, the key role of Lieutenant Colonel A. I. Verkhovsky is described, who
at that time was a deputy chairman of the Sevastopol Soviet. A. I. Verkhovsky has been underestimated until now
as a participant in the revolutionary events in Russia between the February and October revolutions. At the end of
August 1917, he became the last Minister of War of the Russian Empire in the rank of Major General. The search
in estates on the southern coast ended with the Sevastopol City Council taking charge of the protection of the
“Crimean group of the Romanovs”. Afterwards, despite the fact that the Red Terror did not bypass the Crimean
peninsula, Sevastopol sailors and representatives of local Councils helped save the lives of the relatives of the
former tsar who ended up in the Crimea. All of them emigrated in 1919.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

value: Crimea

value: the February Revolution

value: Russian Imperial House

value: Romanovs

value: Maria Feodorovna

value: Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich

value: searches

value: Sevastopol

value: Council


dc.contributor.author

value: Bogomazov, N. I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bogomazov N. I. ‘Rail Crisis on the Russian Railways during the First World War and Efforts to Overcome It’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 272–290. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.201 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the shortage of rails, fittings, and switches on the Russian railways during the
First World War. With the beginning of the war, the necessity to repair and restore railways within the theater of
operations became apparent, which required a large amount of railway track material. In 1914, these needs could
still be met by the allocation of new orders to Russian factories, as well as at the expense of existing stocks. Nonetheless,
at the beginning of 1915, it became obvious that the wartime needs significantly exceeded the capabilities
of Russian enterprises. In the summer of 1915, the government placed a large order for track materials abroad,
which was fully executed. Even though the Field Headquarters demanded that more rails should be ordered
abroad, the government refused to place a new order abroad due to the need to buy foreign currency at unfavorable
exchange rate, hoping that Russian enterprises could cover all the needs. But these plans failed, and since
the summer of 1915 the lack of track materials had become one of the main problems of the Russian railways. The
Ministry of Transportation was forced to take emergency measures to give the front the required number of rails,
fittings, and switches. Firstly, the rear roads were asked to dismantle some of the secondary and inactive lines,
then — to remove rails from fences, hitching posts and guard rails from the bridges. However, these measures,
while worsening the general condition of the Russian railways, did not give the desired effect.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 22-78-10036 “Foreign supplies
as a factor in solving transport problems of late imperial Russia: the experience of the First World War”,
https://rscf.ru/project/22-78-10036/

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: Railways

value: Transport

value: First World War

value: Rail

value: Order

value: Shortage

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Dmitrieva, N. V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Dmitrieva N. V. ‘“Russian-Polish Dispute Resolved by History”: The Polish Question in the Liberal Projects of the Basic Law of Russia at the Beginning of the 20th Century’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 350–362. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.206 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper considers the process of the evolution of the “Polish question” in the Russian legal liberal
thought of the early 20th century. The specificity of this period lies in the attempts to transfer purely theoretical
projects to the practical sphere during the formation of proto-party organizations and the development of drafts of
the Fundamental State Law of Russia. The national component of these documents has largely remained beyond
the scope of scholars’ interests, which explains the focus of the paper. The research relies on archival records
and, on the one hand, aims to evaluate the contradictions with regard to this issue within the liberal camp , and
on the other hand, to trace the complex process of reaching a compromise between representatives of Russian
liberalism and the politically active Polish public in the context of growing opposition.to Russian autocracy. In an
effort to keep the Russian Empire united and indivisible, representatives of the new liberalism were gradually
beginning to perceive the “Polish question” as one of the directions for finding allies in the struggle to establish a
constitutional law and order in the country. The main outcome of the examination by Russian liberals of the “Polish
question” within the framework of the drafts of the Fundamental Law of Russia was their acknowledgment of the
need to make the problem of Polish autonomy a separate item in the political program as well as to develop its
borders in details.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), project no. 19-18-00073-P “National
Identity in the Imperial Politics of Memory: History of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian State
in Historiography and Social Thought of the 19th — 20th Centuries”, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-35022.

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 13; Issue 2

dc.subject

value: Polish question

value: Poland

value: social thought

value: liberal movement

value: autonomy

value: projects

value: First Russian Revolution

value: basic law

value: Russian empire


dc.contributor.author

value: Magadeev, I. E.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Magadeev I. E. ‘Practical Historiography: E. V. Tarle and Discussions on the “French Question” in the Soviet Foreign Office (1943–1944)’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, pp. 363– 375. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.207 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article aims to define the content and the peculiarities of the position held by E. V. Tarle during the
active discussions on the “French question” in the so-called ‘Litvinov commission’ of the Soviet Foreign Office.
On the basis of the new evidence from the Archives of the Foreign policy of the Russian Federation, the author compares two Tarle’s roles: the one of the historian interested in the French studies for a long period and that of
the foreign policy advisor whom he became exactly during the Great Patriotic war. The author concludes that the
notions made by Tarle as a historian and as a foreign policy advisor were often not similar. Being a proponent of
the affinity between the Russian and French interests on the pages of his historical studies, in 1943–1944, under
the influence of critical stance of the Soviet leadership and diplomacy on the “French question” Tarle adopted a
tougher position. He was skeptical about the revival of France as a Great Power and prioritized the relations with
Washington and London over those with Paris. Being a part of the academic elite of the Stalin’s USSR and having
the experience of the exile, he was ready to fit into the dominant consensus defined from above and acknowledged
the limitation for his freedom of maneuver as an expert and adviser. At the same time, Tarle continued pursuing
high academic standards, carefully hinted on the volatility of the international situation, and was respected
by his French colleagues.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Tarle

value: NKID

value: USSR

value: France

value: foreign policy

value: Second World War