dc.contributor.author

value: Soini, Helena

dc.identifier.citation

value: Soini H. Folklore сomponents of Finnish Rock Poetry. Scandinavian Philology, 2024, vol. 22, issue 1, pp. 79–94. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2024.105

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article explores the folklore components of Finnish rock poetry in Finnish and
Swedish. It highlights how Finnish rock culture has revived an ancient tradition where
poetry and music were intertwined. While musicians of Amorphis reference “Kalevala”
mythology in the songs like “Tuonela”, “Sampo” and “Kantele”, they do not explicitly
mention the names of “Kalevala” heroes in their adaptations of runes. The themes of
their lyrics seem to take on a universal quality and are set in modern times. The influence
of folklore traditions on Finnish authors is evident even in their English-language
works. Ville Sorvali of Moonsorrow interprets the runes, trying to understand the intention
of their creators, believing that these lyrics resonate with people worldwide. Similarly,
Jan Jämsen (Katla), a Swedish-speaking Finn, infuses his native Swedish lyrics for
Finntroll with imagery of fantastical creatures and incorporates Sámi folk chants joik
to emphasize their uniqueness. Modern Finnish rock poetry stands out for its multilingualism
and references to mythological themes from Finnish and Scandinavian folk
poetry. However, the resurgence of metrics and imagery from the “Kalevala” and “Kanteletar”
in rock poetry was unexpected. Authors use figurative symbolism that may
require a deep understanding of Finnish culture to fully appreciate, even in Englishlanguage
works. Finnish rock poetry is a diverse and vibrant art form that resonates
with universal themes and emotions.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was carried out under state order of Karelian Research Centre of the
Russian Academy of Sciences (2024).

dc.language.iso

value: en

value: Finnish rock poetry

value: genre features

value: multilingualism

value: ethnic components

value: Kalevala mythology

value: Kalevala metrics

value: Kanteletar

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Popova, Olga

dc.identifier.citation

value: Popova O. Structural models of somatisms in the Norwegian language. Scandinavian Philology, 2024, vol. 22, issue 1, pp. 47–63. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2024.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
The development of any language has always been the focus of close attention and
thorough study in linguistics, especially at different historical stages. The Norwegian
language is a good example to trace the development of anatomical terminology based
on its historical stages, including Norwegian somatisms as well as those from other
languages, mainly Latin and Greek, including the word-forming elements. Starting
with Ancient Scandinavian through the period of Christianity, the Hanseatic League
and further on, several structural models have been identified and distinguished. Each
period is associated with adoption and adaptation (assimilation) of somatisms. The
first group includes one-word somatisms of Germanic origin, one-word non-assimilated
and assimilated somatisms of Latin or Greek origin. The second and the largest
group consists of two-word somatisms formed by compounding according to different
models based on different parts of speech (noun, adjective, numeral, and verb) and
the word-forming elements. Each element in a collocation is represented by either a
norwegianized Latin or a native part. Three-word somatisms are not so numerous in
anatomical terminology. Despite its seeming simplicity, compounding is an interesting
phenomenon for studying due to many patterns of combining words in the formation
of somatisms. Concerning compounding special remarks are made, taking into
account combinatory flexibility and plasticity of the Norwegian language, which makes
it possible to enrich its anatomical vocabulary at low cost and to use its own language
capacity and resources for developing this language segment.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 22; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Norwegian language

value: somatisms

value: body parts

value: anatomical vocabulary

value: structural models

value: compounding

dc.title

format: Adobe PDF


dc.contributor.author

value: Korovin, Andrey

dc.identifier.citation

value: Korovin A. Neo-romantic hero: Vital characters in Holger Drachmann’s short stories. Scandinavian Philology, 2024, vol. 22, issue 1, pp. 95–105. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2024.106

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article focuses on the specific type of literary hero that is common in the short
stories of Holger Drachmann, who was considered the most prominent Danish writer
in the early 20th century. His first books, “Poems” and a collection of short stories, “With
Charcoal and Chalk”, were published in 1872. At the time, Drachmann belonged to the
modernist movement and was one of Georg Brandes’ students, but later he changed
his political and aesthetic preferences and moved away from the group of Brandes’ followers.
Drachman’s artistic style is very special because it has features of Naturalism,
Romanticism, Impressionism and Symbolism. But it is possible to conclude that his
artistic manner can be called “neo-romantic” according to the contemporary terminology.
The characters in his early collections of short stories are vivid, honest, and strong,
and they represent the common type of neo-romantic hero that is inherent in other
texts related to Neo-Romanticism. Very often Neo-Romanticism is seen as a “reaction”
to Naturalism and a return to the principles of Romanticism, but it seems that Neo-Romanticism
is much more like Naturalism than Romanticism. The type of neo-romantic
hero is closer to naturalistic characters than to romantic characters, because it is a courageous
and extraordinary person, an outsider and a rebel, his life is full of desire, risk
and adventure, and it looks like a romantic hero, but a neo-romantic hero is a physically
and mentally healthy person, and this character is determined by nature and genesis,
which is the main feature of Naturalism. Drachman creates a new type of hero in Danish
literature: the vital, strong character who struggles with nature and circumstances.
His characters have the healthy genetics of ordinary people. Neo-Romanticism in Danish
literature was strongly influenced by Naturalism and was the original phenomenon
of national literature.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Holger Drachmann

value: Danish literature

value: short story

value: Neo-Romanticism

value: Naturalism

value: literary hero


dc.contributor.author

value: Khlevov, Alexander

value: Goubanov, Ilya

dc.identifier.citation

value: Khlevov A. A., Goubanov I. B. Seaxes and skalms: Single-edged weapon in the Old Icelandic texts. Scandinavian Philology, 2024, vol. 22, issue 1, pp. 192–209. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2024.112

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the problem of the use in combat conditions and classification
of single-edged short-bladed weapons of the Germanic and neighboring peoples
of Europe in the early Middle Ages — combat knives seaxes. The authors consider
the numerous existing archaeological finds in the context of terms used in modern
Scandinavian languages, and also turn to the analysis of options for using the terms
“seax” and “skalm” in archaic texts. A contextual analysis of the use of these terms in
the poetic texts of songs from the Elder Edda and the prose of Icelandic sagas belonging
to various subtypes is presented. According to the authors, the term “skalm” had a
very specific purpose and fell out of everyday use — as a designation for a real type of
weapon — long before the Viking Age. In the texts describing the Viking Age, it is not
people who are consistently armed with skalms, but the dark and negative characters
opposing them — trolls, jotuns, etc. However, in the heroic epic tradition, skalms, on
the contrary, are used by heroes; It was the skalms that became part of the poetic formulas
describing the equipment of the heroes of the epic. There is reason to believe that
this term comes from ancient times and by the Viking Age it became an anachronism,
acquiring new connotations and negative meaning.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 22; Issue 1

value: seax

value: skalm

value: single-edged weapon

value: Viking Age

value: Icelandic sagas

value: sagas of ancient times

value: Elder Edda

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Statkevich, Vladislav

dc.identifier.citation

value: Statkevich V. Drawings by Cornelis Moninckx in the Hermitage collection. Scandinavian Philology, 2024, vol. 22, issue 1, pp. 172–191. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2024.111 (In Dutch)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyses three drawings by the Dutch artist of the middle of the 17th
century Cornelis Moninckx (1623–1666) from the collection of the State Hermitage
Museum. Cornelis Moninckx (1623–1666) from the collection of the State Hermitage
Museum are analysed. The sheets presented are published for the first time. The
drawings come from three different collections, which are important components of
the museum’s graphic collections. They are executed in a technique characteristic of
the artist: black chalk on parchment; two drawings are signed by the author, and another
was attributed by the author of this article on the basis of the stylistic features of
Cornelis Moninckx’s work. Only a corpus of genre drawings, a few engravings and a
design for a sculpture have survived from the master’s artistic legacy. Three finished
and large-format sheets from the Hermitage collection considerably expand the known
field of the master’s works. The study of Moninckx’s works from the national collection
gives grounds for assumptions about the reading of the subjects. The themes chosen by
the master are inextricably linked with pictorial tradition and folk humour. Moninckx
turned to the work of the masters of the 16th century, in particular Pieter Bruegel the Elder,
and was interested in the work of his contemporaries: Adriaen Braughel the Elder,
Adriaen Brauwer, Adriaen van Ostade and others. In this scientific article, the master’s
drawings are analysed from both the point of view of iconography, and formal and
stylistic method, and a comparative analysis is applied. The works are put in line with
other known works by the artist.

dc.language.iso

value: other

dc.subject

value: drawing

value: Cornelis Moninckx

value: State Hermitage Museum

value: Dutch art of the 17th century

value: household genre

value: the Temptation of St Anthonydrawing

value: the Temptation of St Anthony


dc.contributor.author

value: Lomagina, Anastasia

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lomagina A. Reading Karen Blixen in different cultures. “Sailor-Boy’s Tale” (“Skibsdrengens Fortælling”): What is lost and gained in self-translation? Scandinavian Philology, 2024, vol. 22, issue 1, pp. 136–152. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2024.109

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper analyses Karen Blixen’s short story “The Sailor-boy’s Tale”, which opens
her collection “Winter’s Tales” (1942), in comparison with the Danish translation made
by the author in the same year. The Danish text is considered the result of a process of
auto-translation, recoding, and adaptation of the text for the Scandinavian reader. In
the Danish version, the prose is more rhythmic and the descriptions are more vivid,
which enhances the sensual authenticity. However, allusions to English and American
authors and quotations are translated into Danish, which obscures their significance
as markers of intertextual dialogue. Additionally, the dialogue with Scandinavian pretexts
and paintings familiar to the Danish reader becomes more pronounced.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Scandinavian Philology;Volume 22; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Karen Blixen

value: Isak Dinesen

value: Danish literature

value: selftranslation

value: E. M. Forster

value: Winter’s Tales

value: intertextuality


dc.contributor.author

value: Lisovskaya, Polina

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lisovskaya P. Image of the Russian Tsar Peter in the works by Strindberg and other Scandinavian fin de siècle writers. Scandinavian Philology, 2024, vol. 22, issue 1, pp. 123–135. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2024.108 (In Swedish)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the image and the characterization of Russia’s tsar Peter the
Great in a number of texts by some prominent Scandinavian writers from the turn of
the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The main focus is though on a short
story “The Great” (English transl. “The Great Czar”) from the collection “Historical
Miniatures” (1905) by August Strindberg. Surprisingly enough this text proofs to be an
example of a highly apologetic narration of the famous Russian ruler and his doings.
In the analysis suggested the reception of Peter is set against the background of Strindberg’s
complicated relation to Peter’s foe Carl XII of Sweden, as well as to the Swedish
writer’s self-perception within the contemporary literary circles. Moreover, “The
Great” proves to be a manifestation of a providential view of history proclaimed by the
author. In contrast to Strindberg his fellow nationals Selma Lagerlöf and Verner von
Heidenstam suggest a much less complimentary interpretation of both tsar Peter and
the time of his rule. On the other hand, the Danish Georg Brandes and Norway’s Knut
Hamsun express quite acclamatory, though in the case of Hamsun vaguely based, views
of Peter I. This lets us to conclude that the depiction of the monarch by the authors
mentioned tells us more about themselves than about the tsar in question.

dc.language.iso

value: other

dc.subject

value: Peter the Great

value: historical fiction

value: August Strindberg

value: Historical Miniatures

value: Karl XII

value: Selma Lagerlöf

value: Verner von Heidenstam

value: The Charles Men

value: Georg Brandes

value: Knut Hamsun

value: Dmitry Merezhkovsky

value: Aleksandr Pushkin

value: Ilya Repin

value: Ivan IV the Terrible

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Rodionova, Oxana P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Rodionova O. P. Appeal to Chinese and Foreign Culture in Dong Xi’s Novel “Echo”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 39–58. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the precedent phenomena that form the cultural and historical space
of the novel by the modern Chinese writer Dong Xi “Echo” (2021). In Chinese literature,
references to other texts have been widely used at all times, and this tradition continues to
this day. Writers of Dong Xi’s (b. 1966) generation all as one acknowledge the influence of
foreign literature on their fiction. Echoes of background knowledge in one form or another
fill the space of their works. The novel “Echo” is a clear confirmation of this. On its pages we
found more than 80 precedent names, about 40 titles of literary and other works, as well as
15 citations. Thanks to their active use, precedent phenomena, both of Chinese and foreign
origin, not only get rooted in the language, but are preserved in cultural memory and public
consciousness. The wide use of precedent texts, situations, names and sayings from Chinese
and foreign sources in this novel makes it possible to conduct a representative analysis and determine
the content of such inclusions, their role and functions, as well as to characterize the
main ways of introducing them into the fabric of the narrative. The classification of precedent
phenomena according to their origin allowed us to determine the scale of the development
of various cultures, as well as the peculiarities of their perception in the worldview picture of
Dong Xi. Along with this, foreign readers get the opportunity to figure a cultural portrait of
a modern, educated Chinese. The proposed study gives an idea of the scale and nature of the
development of foreign culture in China, and also reveals the state of intercultural relations
in a certain historical period. In addition, the introduction of precedent phenomena into the
text of the novel can be considered as a manifestation of intertextuality in its various aspects,
including a kind of game between the writer and the reader, which makes it possible to reveal
the commonality of background knowledge with the author of the work.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Dong Xi

value: Echo

value: precedent phenomena

value: intertextuality

value: intercultural relations


dc.contributor.author

value: Chubarov, Denis A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Chubarov D. A. Discovering Appearance of the Franks in Arab Sources (8th–9th Centuries). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 234–246. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.114 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
At the time of Crusades, the term “franks” (ifranj) was common Arabic word for the crusaders. Since that, almost any study of the Crusades from the “Islamic perspective” tends to discover francs in Arab sources. However, medieval Muslim authors mentioned the Franks since the early 9th century, long before the Crusades, but nobody asks when and how Arabic authors actually learn about the Franks. There is still a half-century-old hypothesis by B. Lewis, attributing the word “franc” (faranj) to the Greek “fráŋkos”. The aim of our article is to discover the original source from which the Arabs first learn about the Franks, so we study the 9th-century Arab texts reporting on the first known contact between Arabs and Franks
during the Muslim conquest of Spain. It seems that the Arabic faranj could hardly originate from the Greek fráŋkos, as the combination of letters <γκ> sounds as <nk> during this period (which corresponds to another Arabic form firank appearing in a number of texts in 11th–12th centuries and not widely used). That is why the Arabic franc could actually originate from
Syriac as a transcription of the Syriac prangāiā. Based on message of the 9th-century historian Ibn Kutaiba we suppose that Arabs learned this term from the Syrian sailors who ensured the crossing of Muslim army through the Strait of Gibraltar in the spring of 711.

value: crusades

value: Franks

value: image of the Other

value: Arab conquest of Spain

value: battle of Poitiers


dc.contributor.author

value: Strizhak, Uliana P.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Strizhak U. P. Japanese Agentivity: Linguistic Behavior of Somatic Actants (Based on Corpus Data). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 113–133. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article analyzes the features of agentive somatic constructions in Japanese based on the
material of the author’s parallel syntactically marked Russian-Japanese corpus of examples,
where the cases of the inanimate subject’s influence on a person marked for the Japanese cognitive
language norm are documented. These cases violate the hierarchical representations of
the Japanese and their cognitive ideas about the surroundings. The work describes the uses
of somatic words both in the subject and in the object positions with the interpretation of
their agentive features, considering their ontological association with a person as the center
of action deployment in Japanese. Such kind of the Russian agentive somatic constructions
requires transformation when they are translated into Japanese; thus, the linguo-cognitive
analysis of Russian-Japanese analogues explains the peculiarities of the agentive use of Japanese
somatics in terms of cognitive perception of their semantic and syntactic roles. At the
same time, in the object use of somatics their special subspecies are distinguished: additional
actants absent in the original text, performing the functions of softening the causative force,
introduced in this work as “damping” actants. As a result, the concept of “cognitive depreciation”
is introduced into scientific discourse, meaning a softening of the emotional impact,
which is necessary in Japanese for the transformation of a cognitively incorrect agentive statement
containing a causative anthropologically oriented component with an inanimate subject
as a causator. The final goal of the work is to determine the agentive status of Japanese somatics
and its interpretation.

value: somatics

value: agentivity

value: Japanese language

value: cognitive limitation

value: inanimate subject

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Antonian, Aleksandr S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Antonian A. S. Orthographic and Morphological Variation of Loanwords in the Arabic Vernaculars. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 81–99. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The present article discusses the key orthographic and morphological modifications that Anglicisms
and Gallicisms undergo beyond their adaptation in various Arabic vernaculars. At
the level of orthography, the spelling of words with a two-consonant beginning, compound
nouns and abbreviations is analyzed. The range of analyzed morphological categories includes
gender and number for nouns, voice and mood for verbs. The need for a study is due to insufficient information about the above aspects of the adaptation of borrowings in Arabic dialects.
For a detailed comparative analysis of various approaches to spelling and morphological adaptation,
the author uses a questionnaire targeted for the dialect speakers. Based on the answers
of 206 respondents from 18 Arab countries, it is concluded that the loanwords introduced via
Arabic script preserve the source-language orthography. Borrowed abbreviations in participants’
answers mostly become acronyms. As for the gender of nouns, the participants tend to
determine this morphological category relying on semantic analogy and phonetic similarity of
endings. In matters of plural formation, suffixation remains the most popular way. However,
in the case of inanimate nouns, up to a third of participants’ responses contain broken plurals.
An analysis of borrowed verbs showed differences in the approaches of Arabic speakers from
the Arab West and East in the adaptation of English and French lemmas and their subsequent
conjugation. This circumstance allows us to conclude that the variability in adaptation is related
to extralinguistic factors inherent in certain Arabic-speaking communities.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: lexical borrowing

value: Arabic dialectology

value: linguistic variation

value: Arabization

value: sociolinguistics

value: lexicography

value: contact linguistics


dc.contributor.author

value: Ignatenko, Alexander V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ignatenko A. V. Artistic Features of Chinese Network Literature on the Example of the Web Novel by Moxiang Tongxiu “The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation” (2016). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 24–38. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper examines the artistic originality of Chinese online literature and its linguistic features
on the example of the novelized cycle of the modern online novelist Moxiang Tongxiu
“The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation” (墨香铜臭《魔道祖师》, 2016). The research is
interdisciplinary in nature, the focus is primarily on the structural features of poetics, the
principles of artistic world modeling and interacting elements of various levels (genre, stylistic,
ideological, thematic, figurative, compositional, etc.), as well as some linguistic features associated
with the writer’s idiosyncrasy. The text of the work is analyzed not only in its external,
formal, but also internal, substantive aspects, a systematic description of the different structural
elements is given. The genre affiliation and genre varieties of the work are considered
separately, the question is raised about its multi-genre specifics and the simultaneous inclusion
of various genre features of such forms as a novel, a web novella, a fantastic narrative, a
fairy tale, a xianxia, etc. It is argued and put forward the hypothesis that these signs and their
elements rather act not as a genre, but as a local textual effect, which can be point-episodic in
nature and/or become the dominant feature of a web work. The analysis of intermediate and
intertextual means and features is given. The author’s constant appeal to the ecphrastic technique
in writing practice in the synthetic transmission of musical imagery, as well as to the
integration of resources and materials of classical Chinese literature as an intertextual means
of expressiveness of artistic literature, is proved.

dc.subject

value: Moxiang Tongxiu

value: network literature

value: Chinese literature

value: web novel

value: web novella

value: wuxia

value: xianxia

value: The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation


dc.contributor.author

value: Liu, Liqiu

value: Blagoder, Yulia G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Liu Liqiu, Blagoder Yu. G. The Study of the History of Russian Emigration by Modern Chinese Scholars (According to the Scientific Site CNKI). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 5–23. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In China and Russia in recent years, the history of Russian emigration has attracted increased
interest from many scholars. The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize publications
about the fate of Russian emigrants in China, posted on the site “Zhiwang” (中国知
网, www.cnki.net). The analysis of information on this topic made it possible to identify the
degree of interest of Chinese scientists in the study of intellectual and cultural heritage. The
authors draw attention to the scientific and educational activities of educational organizations
(Harbin Normal University, Heilongjiang University, Qiqihar University, Heihe University,
East China Normal University, etc.) and scientific foundations (State Social Science Foundation
of China, Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, etc.),
which provided financial support and documentation support for the ongoing research. The
authors of the article used their thematic focus as the main criterion for systematizing the
publications of the Chinese site “Zhiwang”. The article focuses on quantitative indicators: the
number of publications of Chinese scientists on the history of Russian emigration, the publication
activity of the most famous Chinese Scientists-Slavists who described the fate of Russians
who ended up in China. The applied value of the description by Chinese scientists of the
educational and research, professional and entrepreneurial activities of Russian emigrants is
noted. The opinion of Chinese scientists is emphasized that the culture (literature, painting,
music) of Russian emigrants who settled in the cities of Northern China, adapted in the cultural
space of the local population, left a significant mark in the history of China. The authors
come to the conclusion that the cultural and historical heritage of Russian emigrants can currently
be used not only to preserve national and spiritual values, but also to strengthen cultural
interaction between China and Russia.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: China

value: Chinese slavists

value: Russian emigration

value: historiography

value: Chinese site CNKI — Zhiwang

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Turaev, Halim H.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Turaev H. H. Badr ad-Din Kashmiri and His Treatise Rawzat ar-Rizvan. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 59–71. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The essay of Rawzat ar-Rizvan by the Indian author of Muslim origin Badr al-Din Kashmiri
is subject-ed to a source analysis. Based on the biographical information about the author
contained in the work, an attempt is made to highlight his respectful attitude to the Juybar
khodges, devotion to this family. A com-plete list of the historiography of the Juybarids is also
provided, which will make it possible to imagine how attentive medieval authors were to the
legacy of the Juybar Khojas. Rawzat ar-Rizvan is perhaps the only list that has reached us in
good condition. Unlike other works devoted to the Juybar Khojas, this source covers in more
detail the issue of the social status of two of their representatives — Khoja Islam and Khoja
Sa’d. The work consists of an introduction, seven chapters and mainly information about
Khoja Islam and his successor Khoja Sa’d. The historical part of the work is mainly written on
the basis of the author’s per-sonal observations. The article briefly describes each of the chapters.
The historical, artistic, hagiographic genre of the work allows us to consider this source
from different angles. The historical genre mainly con-tains the real socio-political situation
in Bukhara in the second half of the 16th century, and the place of representatives of the
house of Juybarids in it. Judging by the essay, under Sheibanid Abd al-Aziz Khan (1539–1549),  Khoja Islam managed to secure the right to the village of Sumitan, which was, as it were, the
hereditary property of the Juybar Khojas. On the basis of Rawzat ar-Rizvan, the source of the
formation of the economy of the Juybarids is investigated, in which the village of Sumitan
played an important role. Based on the information of the essay, the relationship between the
supreme ruler of the Sheibanid state Abdullakhan and the Juybar Khojas is investigated. The
significance of this source in the study of the socio-political role and indisputable spiritual
au-thority of the Juybar khojas of Bukhara is investigated. The main content of the work is
revealed in the con-text of the political situation of the Bukhara Khanate in the middle of the
16th century, when the struggle between the Sheibanid appanage rulers for supreme power in
Bukhara escalated.

dc.subject

value: Khoja

value: treatise

value: disciple

value: spiritual mentor

value: successor

value: manuscript

value: hagiography

value: information

value: genealogy

value: brotherhood

value: spiritual status

value: sultan

value: throne

value: ruler

value: truce

value: influence


dc.contributor.author

value: Sboev, Aleksandr N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Sboev A. N. Complement Response in Chinese Speech Behavior. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 100–112. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Compliment response is one of the most studied speech strategies in modern pragmatics research.
Scientists conduct comparative studies of compliment tactics and responses between
representatives of different languages, cultures and nationalities. Early work on the speech
behavior of the Chinese found that Chinese speakers in most cases reject the compliment.
Researchers believe that this is due to the norm of modesty and respect for other people, as
well as self-deprecation. The last years of work on the study of the speech behavior of the Chinese
do not lose their relevance, especially since they give different results, demonstrating that
rejection does not always remain the dominant tactic of compliment response. Among the
reasons of the change, researchers cite China’s socio-economic development, growing contacts
with the outside world, the influence of Western cultural values, as well as the rejection of the
“one family — one child” policy. As part of this study, we conducted a semi-closed survey with
the participation of 300 Chinese students aged 18 to 25, where eight communication situations
and variants of speech behavior in them were modeled for the respondents. The results
showed that instead of choosing the tactic of rejecting the compliment, most respondents accepted
compliments. Thus, Chinese speakers accept compliments in the same way as speakers
of many Western languages, such as English and German.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This work was supported under the grants: China National Social Science Fund Project “Typological
Study of Chinese Modal Particles” (18BYY179); International Chinese Education Project of the Language
Cooperation and Exchange Center of the Ministry of Education (22YH27C); Research Project on Basic
Research Funds for Provincial Universities in Heilongjiang Province (2021-KYYWF-0137).

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 16; Issue 1

value: compliment

value: compliment response

value: accepting compliment

value: rejecting compliment

value: speech behavior

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Khapizov, Shakhban M.

value: Shekhmagomedov, Magomed G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Shekhmagomedov M. G., Khapizov S. M. Genealogy of Sayyid, Shaykh Jamāl al-Dīn al- Gazikumukhi (1788–1867) in the Light of the Newly Discovered Written Source of the 19th Century. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 219–233. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.113 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article is devoted to the study of genealogy of Dagestani Shaykh of Naqshbandi tariqa
Jamāl al-Dīn al-Gazikumukhi (1788–1867) — prominent figure of state Imamat (1829–1859)
in the North Caucasus. The newly discovered written source from the late 19th century, which
is being introduced into scientific circulation, builds a genealogical chain from Fatima, the
daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, to Shaykh Jamāl al-Dīn. The letter also offers his version
of the route of his ancestors’ migration from Arabia to Dagestan. This source is a letter
written by Shaykh Jamāl al-Dīn’s son to his nephew, the son of his sister Zahidat, who married
Shamil, the Imamate leader (1834–1859). He managed to find this information in a document
drawn up by his father in the 1840s, when he married his daughter to Shamil. At the same
time, the documents on Shaykh Jamāl al-Dīn’s belonging to the Sayyid estate were checked by
the Imamat alim board, which had no doubts about their authenticity. The source we study
gives the names of the shaykh’s ancestors only up to the beginning of the 17th century, and we
reconstructed the rest of the genealogy on the basis of other written sources. The other part of
the genealogy we reconstructed on the basis of independent sources. Representatives of this
genealogical chain of earlier period in the alternative written sources we could not identify.
Based on the results of our study, it is difficult for us to assess the reliability of the entire corpus
of information of this source, according to which Shaykh Jamāl al-Dīn was a descendant of the
Prophet Muhammad in the 38th generation.

dc.subject

value: Dagestan

value: Kumukh

value: Istanbul

value: Sayyid

value: Quraysh

value: Imam Shamil

dc.title

filename: 13_Шехмагомедов+М.+Г.,+Хапизов+Ш.+М._219-233.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Makeeva, Nadezhda V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Makeeva N. V. Interior Vowels in Complete [ATR] Systems of the Macro-Sudan Belt. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 134–160. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.109

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper presents a typological overview of interior vowels in complete [ATR] systems of the
Macro-Sudan Belt. Interior vowels are defined as vowel qualities within the interior regions of
the vowel space and include front rounded vowels, all non-low central vowels and unrounded
non-low back vowels. Complete [ATR] systems are defined as those systems where there is
a cross-height contrast for the feature [ATR] (advanced tongue root) for non-low peripheral
vowels and cross-height harmony both in static patterns (vowel co-occurence restrictions
within morphemes) and dynamic patterns (restrictions within phonological domains comprising
several morphemes). The study based on the sample of 35 languages of the Macro-
Sudan Belt revealed three main types of interiority — allophonic, phonemic and epenthetic.
These types are not sporadically distributed in terms of genetic affiliation and areal spreading
of the languages. At least three clusters may be identified in the sample: (1) the Eastern Kru
languages spoken in the Ivory Coast with numerous phonemic interior vowels specified for
[ATR], (2) the Talodi languages of Sudan with one neutral interior vowel and (3) the North
Guang languages with centralised allophones of front vowels appearing in interconsonantal
position. The territory of Ghana and Togo occupied by North Guang languages also includes
a number of languages from the sample which belong to other families and exhibit different
types of interiority. This region appears to be particularly rich both in languages showing the
co-occurrence of complete [ATR] systems with interior vowels and in interiority types.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Macro-Sudan Belt

value: advanced tongue root

value: vowel harmony

value: complete [ATR] systems

value: central vowels

value: interior vowels


dc.contributor.author

value: Zhang, Shujuan

value: Yang, Fengyu

value: Mitkina, Evgenia I.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zhang Shujuan, Yang Fengyu, Mitkina E. I. Characteristics of Translation and Research of Chinese Classical Poetry in Russia. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 72–80. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study of Chinese classical poetry in Russia dates back several centuries, it is original,
has its own bright, distinctive features, no matter in the period of Imperial Russia, the Soviet
Union, or contemporary Russia, it always occupies a unique position in the world’s sinology
field. In this article, the spread of Chinese classical poetry in Russia is systematically considered
from such aspects as the interaction of translators and researchers, translations and
works about poets, writers and their works, as well as translation principles and various aspects
of research, originality, models of cooperation. This article points out that the study of
Chinese classical poetry in Russia attaches great importance to translation, to the exploration
of translation principles from the perspectives of rhyme, rhythm, form, paragraphs, tasks, and
readers, to the combination of translation, annotation, and research, to the construction of
academic terms, and the cooperative mode of poetry translation between Russian sinologists
and poets. The paper notes that there are two important goals for Russia and Russian science
in translating and researching Chinese classical poetry: firstly, they can serve to enrich national
literature and write the history of Russian literature too; secondly, they can be used to
introduce Chinese poetry into the context of the development of Russian and world culture.
Russian translators and Sinologists-researchers will continue to contribute to the spreading of
Chinese poetry and make it a part of world literature.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Chinese classical poetry

value: Russian sinology

value: research characteristics

value: translation principles

value: rhyme

value: rhythm

value: Sinologists

value: history of translated literature

dc.type

value: Article

filename: 5_Чжан+Шуцзюань,+Ян+Фэнъюй,+Митькина+Е.+И._72-80.pdf


dc.contributor.author

value: Prasol, Alexander F.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Prasol A. F. Imagawa Ryoshun’s Nantaiheiki: Edited with Translation and Commentary. Part 1–2. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 196– 218. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.112 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article contains a description, typological characteristics, Russian translation and comments
on the Nantaiheiki (Critisism of the Cronicle of Great Peace). Nantaiheiki was written
in February 1402 by the Japanese politician and warlord Imagawa Ryoshun. Until now, it has
not become an object of study in domestic oriental studies and has no Russian translation.
The article analyzes the reasons for writing the manuscript and the goals pursued by its author.
The translation of the text allows us to conclude that the Imagawa Ryoshun’s manuscript
can be attributed to the medieval genre of family instructions for the military class (kakun,
kaho), although it has some features that are not typical for them. Based on the translation,
the author singles out three semantic parts in the manuscript: 1) information from the history
of the Imagawa and Ashikaga families; 2) a description of the shortcomings of the Cronicle of
Great Peace; 3) an explanation of the situation with Ryoshun’s participation in the rebellion
of 1399–1400. A comparison of Imagawa’s comments with existing versions of the Taiheiki shows discrepancies in the description of details and allows us to assert that after his death
the manuscript was repeatedly rewritten and supplemented. The article concludes that Nantaiheiki
contains a reliable description of some fragments of the Imagawa family history and
is of interest from the point of view of argumentation and moral assessments of the actions
committed by the author himself and his contemporaries. However, it cannot be in any way
considered as complete or reliable source representing the main events of the middle and
second half of the 14th century.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Nantaiheiki

value: Imagawa Ryoshun

value: Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

value: Ouchi Yoshihiro

value: Oei Disturbance


dc.contributor.author

value: Kotin, Igor Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kotin I. Yu. The Calendar, Religion and Politics. Discussion on Calendar Reform in the Sikh Community. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 181–195. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In the article the introduction of the Nanakshahi calendar in 1998 (accepted in 2003, amended
in 2010) is considered as an attempt of unification of the Sikh community, and formation of
single-form Sikh identity. The evolution of a Sikh community is a long process and the result of the combination of different trends. The community of Sikhs started as the sect in Hinduism
in time of Guru Nanak (1469–1539) but developed as a new religion under the leadership
of his successors, all of whom are known as the Gurus. Dates of main historical events of
the Sikhs together with agricultural and New Year celebrations (Diwali, Holi) became main
festivals of the Sikh year. The matter is complicated by the emergence of significant Sikh diaspora.
Recently Sikh religious authorities have introduced moral code of the Sikh and the Sikh
calendar Nanakshahi to strengthen differences and to create religious boundaries between the
Sikhs and the Hindus. In 2003 this calendar was put in force. However, some Sikh festivals are
still celebrated in old manner according to the old Vikram (Bikrami) North Indian calendar
and the new version (2010) of the Nanakshahi Calendar. The calendar reform aiming at the
unification of the Sikhs resulted in rise of differences between them.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: Sikhism

value: Sikh identity

value: Guru Nanak

value: Arjun Dev

value: Gobind Singh

value: Pal Singh Purewal


dc.contributor.author

value: Kozintcev, Mark A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Kozintcev M. A. A Report to the Ottoman Court about the Russian Army and Navy in the 1730s–1740s. Translation from Ottoman-Turkish and Commentary. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, issue 1, pp. 161–180. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Since the beginning of the 18th century contradictions in Russian-Turkish relations were becoming
more acute; the number and intensity of military conflicts between the two states was
noticeably increasing, and their results were becoming more and more unsuccessful for the
Ottoman Empire. In this regard, the Sultan’s government preparing for combat operations,
had a growing need for information about the state of the Russian troops. One of the channels
for obtaining such information were European diplomats who sought to use the weakening
Turkish military machine to promote political interests of their own countries. This article
deals with the report acquired by the Ottomans, which had been compiled by Woldemar
von Löwendahl, a European military commander, lieutenant general of the Russian army in
1735–1743, and later (1747) Marshal of France. The text of the report, which according to its
title, had been received from a Swedish ambassador, was translated into Ottoman-Turkish and
placed in the document miscellany presumably compiled by the 18th century Ottoman financial
official Kesbî (d. after 1798). Kesbî, the author of the historiographical work “İbretnümâyı
Devlet” (“Edification of the State”), was at one time engaged in the work connected with
preparation for the Russian-Turkish war of 1768–1774. The analysis of the mentioned events
and dates allowed us to assume that the document was translated into Ottoman-Turkish in
1763. By that time, its information had already lost relevance. However, it could still give the
Ottoman military command the idea of the organization and actions of the Russian army and
navy during the war of 1735–1739. From academic point of view, the text is interesting as a
source on the history of Turkey’s international relations as well as on the history of the Russian
armed forces. In addition, its very presence among Kesbî’s documents is important for
describing the personality of this Ottoman official and historiographer.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.subject

value: Russian-Turkish wars

value: Ukrainian landmilitia

value: landmiliz

value: Woldemar von Löwendahl

value: the Don flotilla

value: the Russian army in the 18th century

value: the Russian navy in the 18th century

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Amuhaya, Claire Ayuma

dc.identifier.citation

value: Amuhaya C. A. The African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) Organizational Structure in Context of Implementation of Peace and Security in Eastern Africa. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 264–282. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.116

dc.description.abstract

value:
The African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) was established in 2002 as a long-term
structural response to the peace and security challenges across the continent. Unfortunately,
Africa, especially the Eastern Africa region is involved in some of the world’s longest armed
conflicts (DRC, Sudan / South Sudan, Somalia). The region is also occupied by states with vast
geographical differences from the Horn of Africa countries, Small Island Developing States to
majority of the African Great Lakes region states. The African Union (AU), despite its many
attempts, has increasingly faced challenges in its work on conflict resolution and maintaining
peace on the continent. Several challenges, for example lack of funds to support the institutions,
have been cited over the years, however, one that strikingly misses is the organizational
structure of APSA. As such, this article, using Eastern Africa region as a case study, seeks to
critically analyse the APSA organizational structure. As a result, the author is able to unravel
the gaps that exist in the architecture that does not reflect the distinct features of the region.
The author concludes that there is an urgent need to restructure the APSA to offer tailor-made
solutions to peace and security challenges that face the region.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 16; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Eastern Africa

value: African Union

value: African Peace and Security Architecture

value: organizational structure

value: peace and security

value: conflict


title: Major Factors that Impede Reforms in India’s Military-Industrial Complex in 2014–2023

dc.contributor.author

value: Likhachev, Kirill A.

value: Makhlaiuk, Arthur N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Likhachev К. А., Makhlaiuk A. N. Major Factors that Impede Reforms in India’s Military- Industrial Complex in 2014–2023. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 247–263. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.115

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article intends to assess the negative impact of a number of factors on the reforming
process of the Indian military-industrial complex (MIC) under the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
government during 2014–2023. The authors distinguish three groups of factors that mostly
affect the whole structure of India’s defence industry at present. Conceptual and institutional
factors include the contradictions of the basic laws and regulations of the Indian MIC,
absence of the common strategy of the Indian armed forces development, politicising of the
protectionist measures, offset policy implementation, bureaucracy’s impact and inter-agency
contradictions. Economic factors include the problems with FDI attraction, governmental
efforts to change the structure of defence expenditures by reducing the pensions to military
personnel and attracting the private sector. The group of technological factors focuses on
the problems with the quality and delivery delays of the defence production in India. An
applied policy analysis, a retrospective analysis of data and content of the main documents
allow the authors to conclude that the considered set of factors bears systemic nature and
exerts a substantial negative impact on the Indian defence industry. These factors hinder the
implementation of ambitious goals of the BJP government, aimed at achieving the “strategic
autonomy” in the crucial fields for its national security. Moreover, the current problems of the
Indian MIC are exacerbated by the impact of the domestic political situation. Consequently,
resolving these problems in the short and medium term seems unlikely. However, in the longterm
the reforms being carried out by the Indian government would largely offset the negative
effect of the considered factors.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

value: India

value: military-industrial complex

value: reforms

value: defence planning

value: defence expenditure


dc.contributor.author

value: Toan, Nguyen Duc

value: Thuan, Truong Anh

value: Linh, Nguyen Thi Vinh

dc.identifier.citation

value: Nguyen Duc Toan, Truong Anh Thuan, Nguyen Thi Vinh Linh. India with Solution of some International and Regional Problems in the 1950s–1960s (Part 1). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2024, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 283–292. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.117

dc.description.abstract

value:
This article examines the role and influence of India in solving international and regional
issues taking place in the 1950s and 1960s. During this period, India, through a policy of
conducting progressive and neutral diplomacy, emerged as an important mediator of the conflicting
interests among the world’s great powers. For example, India played an important role
in ending the Indochina War, and the Korean War, as well as acting as a mediator in the civil
war in the Congo and helping to solve diplomatic issues related to the Egyptian nationalization
of the Suez Canal. In order to examine these issues in more detail, the authors of this
paper make use of original sources and relevant academic works published by scholars from
academic institutions around the world. At the same time, the authors use two primary methods
of historical science, including the historical method and the logical method, along with
other methods such as analysis, synthesis, evaluation, statistics, and comparison. This study is
intended to provide additional perspectives and understanding regarding India’s diplomatic
policies during this period of the Cold War. The analyzed policies demonstrated India’s creativity
and flexibility in its diversity of approaches in solving regional and international issues.
Despite the effects and pressures of the bipolar order, India remained steadfast in its goals and
basic principles of its diplomacy.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies;Volume 16; Issue 1

value: Indian diplomacy

value: Korean War

value: Suez Canal

value: Congolese Civil War

value: Indochina War

value: Soviet Union

value: Egypt

value: Cold War

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Novikova, Tatyana S.

value: Zakharova, Tatyana A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Novikova T. S., Zakharova T. A. 2024. Pedagogical and mentoring activities of the blind writer Vasily Eroshenko as a subject of research in the work of his memorial museum. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 105–126. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.110 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the study of the activities of the symbolist writer, professional typhlopedagogue
and wise mentor, Vasily Yakovlevich Eroshenko (12.01.1890–12.23.1952), as one of
the priority areas of work of the House Museum of V. Ya. Eroshenko in his homeland — in the
Starooskolsky region. The writer, a native of the village of Obukhovka, Starooskolsky district,
Kursk province (now Starooskolsky district, Belgorod region), lived and worked, including
creating schools for the visually impaired, in different countries of the world. Blinded at an
early age, he understood the problems of the blind like no one else and studied all his life, engaged
in self-education, thanks to this he was able to achieve success in various fields of activity.
Vasily Yakovlevich’s innovative pedagogical method brought effective results, his students
were able to live a full life and bring all possible benefits to society. The authors of the article
highlight the main aspects of the writer’s worldview aimed at creating schools for the blind
in different countries. V. Ya. Eroshenko considered the boarding school for the blind in Turkmenistan
to be the main business of his life. The article contains the memoirs of his grateful
Turkmen students. The memoirs are kept in the funds of the Starooskolsky Museum of Local
Lore, they are written in a living language. One can imagine what a sensitive and wonderful
teacher V. Ya. Eroshenko was. His unique teaching methods and extraordinary organizational
skills motivated people with disabilities to live a full life. One of the priorities in the activities
of the literary Memorial House Museum of V. Ya. Eroshenko is the popularization of the
ascetic life and the unique literary and pedagogical experience of the writer and mentor. The
staff of the house museum has experience in creating and implementing projects aimed at
the socio-cultural
rehabilitation of the visually impaired, thus they continue the mission of
Eroshenko himself. The expediency of broadcasting such an experience is justified. It is concluded
that the results of this study are relevant and in demand in modern museum realities.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 15; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: House Museum of V. Ya. Eroshenko

value: blind tiflopedagogue

value: mentor

value: Vasily Yakovlevich Eroshenko

value: creation of schools for blind people

value: pedagogical methodology


dc.contributor.author

value: Huzhalouski, Alexander А.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Huzhalouski А. A. 2024. Museums of Soviet Belarus in the era of perestroika and glasnost’ (1985–1991). The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 27–45. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.103 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
Temporary distancing enables us to examine the difficult and contradictory time of museum
sphere development in the USSR, which is known in history as Gorbachev’s perestroika and
glasnost. The article attempts to demonstrate the expansion of the museum network in Soviet
Belarus, to trace the process of its profile differentiation, and to trace the branching of museums
during this time using archival sources from the collections of the Ministry of Culture of the
Belarusian SSR, published statistical materials, as well as periodicals. The source base utilised
made it possible to examine public efforts and state policies in the area of museum life. One
of them is the public discourse of the late 1980s and early 1990s regarding who owns the cult
artistic heritage that museums have preserved during the years of anti-religious actions. The
author highlights the increase of museum collaboration with Belarusian collectors while listing
and discussing museum innovations from the perestroika and glasnost era. Between 1985 and
1991, there was a significant shift in the development of Belarusian museums, which gradually
became more focused on international contacts. The author notes that when examining the
beneficial improvements in museum life during the perestroika and glasnost era, it was during
this time that there was a final, normative reluctance to record and publicize the accomplishments
of Soviet society. The state policy aimed at the development of Belarusian culture and the
cultures of the national communities of Belarus as an integral part of universal human culture
was reflected in the filling of fresh content in all areas of work of Belarusian museums. The
material and technological foundation of museums has been damaged, and their budgetary
support has been constrained, by the country’s deteriorating socioeconomic position. This called
for the adoption of new management techniques, organizational structures, and technological
advancements, which happened following the failure of the Soviet Union. In general, the article
expands the existing ideas in historical museology about the era of perestroika and glasnost, its
role in the expansion, democratization, and professionalization of museum activities.

dc.subject

value: museum

value: Soviet Belarus

value: Ministry of Culture

value: society

value: museum fund

value: museum building

value: branch

value: visitor

value: artist

value: collector


dc.contributor.author

value: Lyashko, Anna V.

value: Garkusha, Olga M.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Lyashko A. V., Garkusha O. M. 2024. Museumification of orangery and conservatory complexes. Modern Russian practice. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 46–61. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.104 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
At present Peterhof Museum-Reserve
is developing the concept of adapting the Great Orangery,
one of the most impressive buildings in the Lower Park, which was built in 1722–1725
by the order of Peter the Great for the cultivation of rare plants and wintering ornamental
plants in tubes and pots. The global events of the recent years are changing the audience of
the Peterhof Museum-Reserve,
one of the most-visited museums in the world, which must be
taken into an account when formulating the tasks that come out of complex restoration of the
museum buildings and monuments. At the same time, it is important to rely on Russian and
foreign experience of museumification of orangery and conservatory complexes. The paper
presents an analysis of Russian practice of museumification of additional historical objects on
the territory of museum-reserves
and museum-estates
(in the 2010s and early 2020s considerable
attention was paid to the adaptation of such historical household buildings and territories
as farms, aviaries, orangery, conservatories and vegetable gardens). The use of monuments
with such functions is classified as being used “for a museum” (for exhibitions and museum
services) and “as a museum” (turning the monument into an independent object of museum
display). The authors are analyzing the projects in Kuskovo, Strelna, Archangelskoye, Tsaritsyno,
Yasnaya Polyana, Gatchina and others. An overview is given of the dynamics of the
museumification of the Great Orangery in Peterhof.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 15; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Peterhof

value: museumification

value: orangery

value: conservatory

value: glasshouse

value: greenhouse

value: Museum-Reserve

value: garden

value: manor

value: estate

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Anisimova, Margarita V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Anisimova M. V. 2024. “Highly expressive manual on Russian history”: Branch projects of the Historical and Everyday life Department of the State Russian Museum (1925–1930). The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.102 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
In 1918–1934 the State Russian Museum included the Historical and Everyday life Department.
It was a unique example of a museum of everyday life, the researchers studied by
purposeful selection, exhibiting and actualization the collection, looking for a conceptual
basis for their activities. The success of the work was proved by the network of branches
that developed in 1925–1930 around the Department, which made it the largest museum of
everyday life in the country. Which included the Sheremetevsky and Menshikovsky palaces,
the Summer Palace and the house of Peter I, the estates Maryino and Gruzino, whose history
has developed in different ways. There were also several projects supervised by the research
staff of the Historical and Everyday life Department. The first project was aimed at creating
a historical church museum based on the collections united by the “Old Petersburg” Society
and then forming the basis of the Museum of the Obsolescent Cult that existed in 1923–1927.
The second project involved the organization department of a military of everyday life in the
State Russian Museum based on the collections of the Quartermaster, Suvorov, and regimental
museums. There were also plans to organize a unified museum of the time of Peter the Great,
which was supposed to be in the Menshikov or Summer Palaces. These projects could only be
developed in the 1920s, when museums assumed the possibility of experimentation, and were
driven by attempts to protect collections. The First All-Russian
Museum Congress in 1930
officially completed the development of museums of everyday life in the country. In 1934, the Department of History and Everyday life became part of the State Museum of the Revolution,
in 1937, of the State Museum of Ethnography, and in 1941 became the basis for the creation
of the Department of the History of Russian Culture in the State Hermitage.

dc.subject

value: museums of everyday life

value: Historical and Everyday life Department

value: Russian Museum

value: Quartermaster’s Museum

value: Military Museums Section

value: military museums of everyday life

value: M. D. Priselkov

value: G. S. Gabaev


title: Museum as a transmedia instrument

dc.contributor.author

value: Krasnova, Evgenia L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Krasnova E. L. 2024. Museum as a transmedia instrument. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 127–134. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.111 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The concept of transmedia has gradually “merged” into the modern cultural space and the
field of other industries, expanding the possibilities for generating and broadcasting public
content. Every day, hundreds of publications are created on various channels that carry a lot
of meanings, gaining thousands of likes and views, plunging into the minds of their users
and forcing them to follow the story and its heroes. The modern museum is not only actively
involved in the process of broadcasting information through various media, but has also become
an independent tool of the transmedia world. The purpose of this article is to define the
museum as one of the possible media channels or tools for the transfer of historical knowledge,
popularization of digital heritage, communication, on the one hand, and an independent
object that uses a variety of formats and resources to create and broadcast its own content, on
the other. It is appropriate to mention such a concept as “museum storytelling”, which is seen
as the art of captivating storytelling using various techniques used in museum practice with
the help of special media. In this regard, we identify several components of museum storytelling:
first, the presence of a narrative, which becomes the core of the interaction between the museum and its audience; second, the use of a variety of formats, means, channels and forms
for the creation and broadcasting of museum narrative; and the third is the participation of
the audience in the process of creating and broadcasting media content. Thus, the museum
acquires the role of an intermediary, a mediator of socially significant contexts, including
them in everyday life and human interests, modeling historical reality and broadcasting new
accents of mass culture.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 15; Issue 1

value: museum

value: transmedia

value: museum storytelling

value: culture of participation

value: participatory museum

dc.title

value: Museum as a transmedia instrument


dc.contributor.author

value: Plotnikova, Olga V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Plotnikova O. V. 2024. The inventory of E. F. Gollerbach. From the history of museumification of the Chinese Palace in Oranienbaum. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 69–75. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.106 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The museification of the former Oranienbaum residence of the Mecklenburg-Strelitskys,
nationalized by the decision of the Northern Labor Commune in 1918, is one of the little-studied
pages in Russian museology. One of the documentary evidences of this process is the
“Brief Inventory of the Chinese Palace in Oranienbaum”, 1920, currently stored in the Archive
of the State Hermitage Museum. The compiler of this document was a senior employee of
the Department for the Protection, Accounting and Registration of Monuments of Art and
Antiquity, Erich Fedorovich Gollerbach (1895–1942), sent at the end of July 1920 to inspect
and register art collections concentrated in the only Oranienbaum Palace-museum
operating
at that time. The involvement of E. F. Gollerbach, an art critic, an enthusiastic bibliophile and
collector, who later became the author of the first post-revolutionary guide to the sights of
Tsarskoye (Detskoye) Selo, in the work on the accounting of art collections in the Chinese Palace is a little-known
fact, probably had episodic significance in his biography. However, the
property inventory compiled by him, even in its unfinished version, is of undoubted interest to
researchers of the history of the formation of museum business in Oranienbaum. The works of
art included in this list belonged to the historical collection of the Oranienbaum palaces, and
the authenticity of this collection was preserved until the official accession of the Administration
of the Oranienbaum Palaces-Museums
to the Peterhof in October 1925. This study, based
on the analysis of the inventory of E. F. Gollerbach and the comments left by him, examines
the main methods of work of employees of the Department for the Protection of Accounting
and Registration of Monuments of Art and Antiquity when they inventory nationalized private
collections. In addition, on the basis of the same document, the problem of the possibility of
identifying objects of the historical collection of the Oranienbaum palaces-museums
in the
funds of the State Museum-Reserve
“Peterhof ” is actualized.

dc.subject

value: Oranienbaum

value: Peterhof

value: The Chinese Palace

value: Gollerbach

value: inventory

value: historical collection

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Michurin, Fedor D.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Michurin F. D. 2024. Exhibiting samples of enemy aircraft and its equipment in Moscow (1941–1943). The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 97–104. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.109 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article is devoted to the exhibition of enemy aircraft samples in Moscow since 1941 (the
beginning of the air raids on the capital) until 1943 (the end of the combat air raids on the
capital and the creation of an Exhibition of samples of captured weapons in the Gorky Central
Park). Within the framework of the study, a part of the museum and exhibition events in the
USSR (almost all of them capital) of wartime was considered, at which trophies, damaged
samples of enemy aircraft, their technical equipment, aviation weapons and ammunition (including high-explosive and incendiary bombs), including aviation ones, were presented.
It was found that the first expositions showing samples of enemy aircraft were opened in the
summer of 1941 (during the first air raids on Moscow). Over time, there have been more such
artifacts that have become the object of display. These trophies performed various functions:
educational (in the case of air defense of the capital), propaganda (due to the display, the idea
was conveyed that such a formidable and strong enemy could be defeated). However, already
during the war years, they began to be treated as objects of museum and exhibition display and
artifacts of their time, which allowed them to be preserved in the future and reveal a number
of topics related to the Great Patriotic War in the museum and exhibition space: from the topic
of equipping enemy aircraft to the topic of fighting in the air during the Great Patriotic War.
This was done by different methods. After the war, some of these trophies were melted down,
but some got into museum collections.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 15; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: aviation

value: the Great Patriotic War

value: trophies

value: Moscow

value: military museums and exhibitions

value: military history museums

value: collecting trophies


dc.contributor.author

value: Cheremkhin, Vladimir I.

value: Pilnik, Elena G.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cheremkhin V. I., Pilnik E. G. 2024. Some terminology features of sculpture reproductions. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 4–16. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.101 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The paper is devoted to the clarifying research of the terminology surrounding the production
and reproduction of sculpture. One of the most common problems is the incorrect application
of the terms “copy” and “reproduction”. All these words are borrowed from the other
languages and have no semantic equivalents in Russian. Incorrect applications of these words
lead us to the errors in determining the artistic value of the sculptures. The copy is created
manually in two ways: 1) carving of stone, wood etc.; 2) modelling in clay, plasticine and wax.
The technology of molding and casting cannot be considered as an artistic method because
of this workflow is carried out by molders and casters. However, the most part of sculpture in
a wide variety of materials (metal, plaster, concrete, ceramic, plastic, glass, etc.) produced by
using molding and casting technologies is one of the kinds of edition (reproduction). The only
exception is the variety of cast made under the sculptor’s direction and finished by him have a
special importance. Each of these works is unique and equal in value to the original. Plaster is the most versatile material for replication. Electroplating (galvanoplastics) is one of the main
methods of reproduction, so the term “galvanocopy” is wrong. This technique of replication
is the most precise but it is suitable exclusively for metal. Russian sculptors and technologists
started using the word “reproduction” at the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore we can
find a lot similar examples in the historical documents of The Pushkin State Museum of Fine
Arts. The newest method of replicating of sculpture is three-dimensional
scanning and printing
but this technology is not sufficiently advanced yet.

dc.subject

value: sculpture

value: copy

value: replica

value: reproduction

value: molding

value: casting

value: galvanoplastics

value: plaster cast

value: The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts

value: I. S. Zolotarevsky

value: N. V. Odnoralov


dc.contributor.author

value: Balaban, Tatyana S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Balaban T. S. 2024. Collection of the Chelyabinsk Regional Art Gallery of the 1930s–1940s: Documentary evidence about the fate of the first collection. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 143–168. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.113 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article examines the history of the collection of the Chelyabinsk Regional Art Gallery in
the period from 1938 to 1947. The collection was formed in the late 1930s and early 1940s in
three ways: through the acquisition of works of art from private individuals, through the city’s
existing collection of paintings from traveling exhibitions, and through transfers from major
art museums (in particular, from the State Russian Museum). Thus, by the beginning of the
Great Patriotic War, the fund of the Chelyabinsk Art Gallery consisted of works of domestic
and Western European painting and graphics, objects of decorative and applied art. However,
with the closure of the gallery in the summer of 1941, the collection was distributed among
city institutions and by the time the museum was restored after the war, a significant part of it
had been lost. The research is based on data from archival materials stored in the United State
Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region (Chelyabinsk), and also proceeds from the current state
of the collection of the Chelyabinsk State Museum of Fine Arts, the successor of the gallery.
We analyze archival documents in order to restore the chronicle of losses and acquisitions of
gallery exhibits in the 1940s. Based on the lists attached to the acts of transfer and inspection
of exhibits from the 1940s, the most complete list of works of art that were owned by the
Chelyabinsk Regional Art Gallery before its liquidation in the summer of 1941 was compiled.
The article is accompanied by a table indicating the names of the works, their authorship and
source of origin, known pre-war registration numbers of the works, and also, if available, the
registration numbers of the Chelyabinsk State Museum of Fine Arts.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 15; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: The Great Patriotic War

value: Chelyabinsk Regional Art Gallery

value: United State Archives of the Chelyabinsk Region

value: State Russian Museum

value: liquidation of the museum

value: lost collection

dc.title

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Pudov, Gleb A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Pudov G. A. 2024. About the works from the collection of architect V. A. Tauber in the department of folk art of the State Russian Museum. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.108 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper deals with works of art from the former collection of Viktor Alexandrovich Tauber.
He was a famous architect, one of the organizers of the Museum of the dying cult (1923–1927). The existence of his personal collection is confirmed already in 1925, when he donated to
the museum six boxes with disassembled parts of various copper church utensils. After the
architect’s death, when being accepted for temporary storage in the Russian museum in 1944,
the items were distributed among several departments. Today, some of them are in the folk
art department. A variety of metal products from the collection of V. A. Tauber (candles, wedding
crowns, keys, locks, candleholder, caskets called “teremki”, brackets, bratina, mace) have
not previously been the subject of special research. Most of them did not have the time and
place of production determined. Therefore, the author of this article focused on the issues of
attribution of these products. The artistic analysis was also carried out. Numerous analogies
from Russian and foreign museums were used. The items were considered as a whole collection.
As a result, it is concluded that most of the items from the collection of V. A. Tauber are
beautiful works of folk art, which demonstrates an infinite variety of artistic solutions. This is
emphasized not only by their presence on the permanent exhibition of the department of folk
art, but also by their publication in various museum books. Most of the artistic works are in
the field of ecclesiastical art, so it is possible that they are related to the Museum of a dying cult.

dc.subject

value: Viktor Aleksandrovich Tauber

value: collection

value: Museum of a dying cult

value: Department of folk art


dc.contributor.author

value: Ogurtsova, Olga S.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Ogurtsova O. S. 2024. The Khakass language in the context of a museum holiday based on the ritual traditions of the Khakass. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 135–142. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.112 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The article deals with the issues of popularization and use of the Khakas language within the
framework of museum events addressed to multinational and younger children (including
those with inclusion) audiences of visitors. The author shares his experience in organizing a
museum festival based on national rituals and clearly demonstrates how interesting it is to
present folk traditions on a modern museum site. The problematic nature of such a concept
is associated with the historical aspect of the formation and development of the Khakass language,
which differ from similar processes of most Turkic languages. Nevertheless, the desire
for self-identity inherent in the indigenous population of Khakassia dictates its own rules and
conditions when presenting the national language, folk rituals and traditional ethical norms to
a wide multinational audience of museum visitors. The Khakassian National Museum of Local
Lore named after L. R. Kyzlasov much attention is paid to the national aspects of the work. At
the same time, the language of the indigenous people and the development of ethnographic
tourism complement each other, in which the author sees prospects for the development of the
museum, as a republican institution of culture, and for the popularization of the Khakass language.
Therefore, many museum projects are aimed at supporting and developing the Khakass
language within the framework of diverse museum events. The article discusses in detail two
such events — the festival “The Sun in the Sleeve” and the grant project “My Khakassia” —
implemented by the Khakassian National Museum of Local Lore named after L. R. Kyzlasov in
2022. In the author’s opinion, these are the most successful developments that can popularize
the topic of the Khakass language for a wide audience of residents and guests of Khakassia,
regardless of their nationality.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

value: Khakassia

value: Khakassian language

value: indigenous nationality

value: national holidays

value: museum

value: My Khakassia

value: Chyl Pazy

value: Khakass New Year

value: The Sun in the sleeve


dc.contributor.author

value: Filatov, Oleg V.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filatov O. V. 2024. The development of the Central Naval Museum painting collection in the 20s–30s of the 20th century. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 76–84. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.107 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The author devoted this article to the history of the receipt of paintings in the collection of the
Central Naval Museum in the 20s–30s years of 20th century. He notes that a large number of publications have been published on this topic, in particular, on the redistribution of canvases
from both the palaces of the emperor and members of the former Russian imperial house, as
well as from private collections. The Hermitage Commission, created to check the stocks of
antique valuables and issue paintings for export, transferred in 1929 to the museum paintings
by such marine artists as I. K. Aivazovsky, A. K. Beggrov, A. P. Bogolyubov, L. D. Blinov,
L. F. Lagorio, N. N. Gritsenko, V. D. Tkachenko. The receipt of paintings on the history of the
regular fleet of Russia, not only enriched the collection of paintings, but also became a turning
point in the history of the museum. The author emphasizes that the research of materials about
the new items that the museum accepted for the state registration, showed that sometimes the
names of paintings and the surnames of artists were not indicated in the lists. He draws attention
to the fact that in the passports of museum objects in the column “Accounting numbers
and designations”, in the column “Old accounting” there are no previous inventory numbers,
despite the inventory that took place in the museum in 1938. At the same time, in the album
of the Guards Crew, transferred to the museum in 1918, both the old registration numbers
of paintings and the new ones are systematically marked in the passports of museum items.
The consequences of this inventory have not yet been overcome. In conclusion, the author
emphasizes that filling in the missing information about the formation of museum collections
in the twentieth century is one of the important components in the museum’s activities.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: The Issues of Museology;Volume 15; Issue 1

value: Central Naval Museum

value: inventory

value: painting

value: commission

value: passport of the museum object

value: marine artist

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Matrosov, Alexander E.

value: Metelkin, Evgeniy N.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Matrosov А. E., Metelkin E. N. 2024. About the portrait of an unknown officer from the collection of the State Historical Museum. The Issues of Museology 15 (1): 62–68. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2024.105 (In Russian)

dc.description.abstract

value:
The study of history, as you know, involves turning to narrative sources — folklore, chronicles,
memoirs, etc. Such sources are taken into account and serve, as a rule, as additional
material, since they are not free from a subjective view. Thus, artistic images have not only
cultural value, but can also act as a narrative source, since they carry a significant part of the
conventions (transmission of shapes, colors, detail). The author of the portrait, like the writer,
invests the subjective, but at the same time he impartially transfers to the canvas what helps
careful research to see in minor details the origins of important consequences. The appearance
of photography has significantly reduced the subjective in the image. The photographer
is deprived (for the most part) of the opportunity to add something from himself, he only
chooses the moment, becomes an intermediary, a guide to the past. A sufficient number of
photographic images have come down to our days, and a significant part of them carries a
story that only needs to be solved. The article is devoted to the study of a photo portrait depicting
a previously unknown officer. Based on the principles of a systematic approach and
a historical-subject
method, the authors carried out the attribution of the portrait of an unknown
oberst-lieutenant
from the collection of the State Historical Museum. In the article, the
authors have established an approximate period of time for the creation of the studied photo
portrait, created in the period from 1878 to 1882. The result of the study was the introduction
into scientific circulation of a previously unknown photo portrait of cavalry General Friedrich
Eugen Johan, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.
The authors’ reading of each element of
the portrait helped to choose the right direction of research, in which each element became the
key to successful attribution. The authors note that the full name and identity of the identified
officer can be verified on the basis of a portrait stored in the collection of images of the World
Biographical Encyclopedia.

dc.language.iso

value: ru

dc.subject

value: attribution

value: general

value: field marshal general

value: order

value: Iron cross

value: portrait

value: uniform

value: historical and subject method


title: Citharodic Nomos and Prooimion

dc.contributor.author

value: Almazova, Nina A.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Almazova N. A. Citharodic Nomos and Prooimion. Philologia Classica 2024, 19 (1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2024.101

dc.description.abstract

value:
A citharodic performance typically included a προοίμιον that preceded a νόμος. Theoretically,
there are three possible options: a prooimion (1) was an inseparable introduction to a specific
main part; (2) was not performed independently, but could precede various main parts;
(3) was an independent piece. Most evidence points to option 2. Standard circumstances of
performance must have stereotyped the subject matter that appeared in the introduction, so
the proem became an autonomous song that could precede any narrative part, and even be
performed independently (if there were no agonistic connotations and transitional formulas).
Pseudo-Plutarch’s notions of ancient citharody (De mus. 1132В–С; 1132D; 1133B–C) are interpreted
as follows: a proem addressed to the gods was a citharode’s own composition (hence
ὡς βούλονται, despite its formal character and epic metre). It was immediately followed by a
nome, whose epic narration could be either original or taken from Homer and other poets and
set to music according to one of melodic patterns systemized by Terpander. Terpander’s proems
likely offered two proofs of this theory: they ended with a formula of transition to another
song, which itself did not follow. Apparently, the option to use someone else’s poetry in the
main body led to the practice of writing down the proems without the subsequent nomes, so
that they were seen as independent works. It is likely that Pseudo-Plutarch’s source was referring
to minor Homeric hymns, since they correspond perfectly with the information that we
have about citharodic proems.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 19; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Ancient Greek music

value: citharodic nomos

value: prooimion

value: Homeric hymn

dc.title

value: Citharodic Nomos and Prooimion


dc.contributor.author

value: Bejda, Wojciech

dc.identifier.citation

value: Bejda W. Rhetorical and Strategic Meaning of “Envy” (φθόνος) in Josephus. Examples of Korah and John of Gischala. Philologia Classica 2024, 19 (1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2024.102

dc.description.abstract

value:
The aim of this article is to analyse the theme of envy and its complexity in Josephus’ works
in rhetorical and strategic sense rather than just as a literary topos. The paper focuses on two
cases motivated by envy: Korah’s rebellion against Moses and the conflict between Josephus
and John of Gischala. In these two cases, both the characteristics of envious persons and the
richest descriptions of their sinister activities appear. The idea of Korah’s envy was not based
on the Bible or the Second Temple literature or traditions but on Josephus’ own experiences
from the period of his short-term command in Galilee (December 66 — July 67) when he
was in conflict with envious John of Gischala. Thanks to this procedure, he was able to create
the self-apologetic impression that his fate and that of Moses were intertwined because they
had opponents with similar characteristics who were motivated by the same vice. Moreover,
Josephus in both narratives follows the specific sequence according to which the envy leads to
a “plot” (ἐπιβουλή), then to “false accusations” (διαβολή) and finally to a “sedition” (στάσις).
He strategically used the theme of envy for his own apology to condemn his enemy, John of
Gischala. The envy he felt disclosed the character of a person who was worse than Josephus
in terms of personality traits. Josephus instead appears before the readers as a stoic sage who
is free from weakness such as envy. At the same time the author draws attention to his own
well-deserved success, thus the presence of envy becomes an indicator of his achievements.
He conceals his own negative actions during his command in Galilee and tries to direct the
audience’s attention to a specific arrangement of events that will lead to blaming his opponent.

dc.subject

value: Josephus

value: Korah

value: Moses

value: John of Gischala

value: conceptions of envy

dc.type

value: Article


dc.contributor.author

value: Filimonov, Evgeny G.

value: Fedotov, Maksim L.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Filimonov E. G., Fedotov M. L. Verb Forms with Aspectual Semantics in Latin and Ancient Greek in the Text of the New Testament (Gospel of Mark). Philologia Classica 2024, 19 (1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2024.103

dc.description.abstract

value:
The results of a comparative study of verb forms with aspectual semantics in Ancient Greek
(Koine) (which has an overt category of aspect) and Latin (where aspect is rather a covert category),
based on the Gospel of Mark, have shown that the expected correspondence of verb forms
appears to be standard in the material as well: it is found in the majority of cases (97,6 % of the
Ancient Greek Aorist translated by the Latin Perfect, and 89,4 % of the Ancient Greek Imperfect/
Present translated by the Latin Imperfect). Therefore, there must be a considerable semantic overlap
between the Ancient Greek Aorist and the Latin Perfect forms and between the Ancient Greek
Imperfect/Present forms and the Latin Imperfect forms. For each pair, there must be a common
semantic core, corresponding in the first case to the perfective, and in the second case to the imperfective
viewpoints. In the minority of cases, we find deviations from this standard correspondence.
Some of them can be explained by the trivial fact that the context allows freedom in the
choice of the aspectual viewpoint. However, in several cases, the discrepancies are not accidental
and can be explained by the existence of specific differences between the grammatical systems of
two languages. These include iterative contexts and contexts with speech verbs.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 22-28-00531 “Grammar of
covert categories in Latin and Ancient Greek”.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.subject

value: Gospel of Mark

value: aspect

value: covert category

value: aspectual semantics

value: verb

value: Ancient Greek

value: Koine

value: Latin

value: Aorist

value: Perfect

value: Imperfect

value: perfective

value: imperfective


dc.contributor.author

value: Cabrillana, Concepción

dc.identifier.citation

value: Cabrillana C. Alternation in Some Encodings of Secondary Predicates in Latin: Overview and a Sample Proposal on an Issue under Discussion. Philologia Classica 2024, 19 (1), 47–73. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2024.104

dc.description.abstract

value:
This paper offers a comprehensive and critical review of the most significant studies on the
possible alternation between two specific encodings that can express, in a generic sense, the
Manner in which a verbal process is developed: adverbial expressions (ADV) and Secondary
Predicates (SP). The main types of SP/ADV to be addressed here are those which are Subject
and/or event oriented. Both general and typological works will be taken into account, as well
as others more focused on the Latin language; the central criterion of the study will essentially
be to distinguish and analyse approaches which are more or less favourable to seeing the two
types of constituents as equivalent. A section devoted to the work of one of the Latinists who
has contributed most specifically and notably to the issue under discussion (H. Pinkster) will
also be included. Following a critical review of the criteria which have the greatest explanatory
potential for explaining the issue, some analytical approaches will be proposed which are as
objective as possible for a subsequent corpus study; these criteria include parameters pertaining
to different linguistic levels: syntax, lexical-semantics, pragmatics, etc.: their application —
here only tentatively discussed — will provide clear and measurable results on the problem
and on those questions arising from the critical review itself.

dc.description.sponsorship

value:
This study is part of the Project of I+D+I PID2021-125076NB-C41 (“The Lexicon-Syntax Interface
in Ancient Greek and Latin 2: Verbal alternations”), financed by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and
by ERDF/EU, and has been also possible thanks to an “Axuda a Grupos de Referencia Competitiva da Consellería
de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional e da Consellería de Economía, Emprego e
Industria da Xunta de Galicia 2023–2026 (Ref. D431C 2023/17)”, granted to the Research Group “Estudios
Clásicos y Medievales” of the University of Santiago de Compostela.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 19; Issue 1

dc.subject

value: alternation in Latin

value: adverbial expression

value: secondary predicate

value: coordination

value: lexical-semantic similarity

value: functional equivalence

dc.title

value: Article


title: On the Recent Progress in Effective Dimension Estimates for Delay Equations

dc.contributor.author

value: Anikushin, Mikhail Mikhailovich

value: Romanov, Andrey Olegovich

dc.description.abstract

value: We discuss the recent progress on studying volume contraction for linear cocycles generated by delay equations obtained by the authors. On the basis, we use adapted metrics constructed explicitly or via the Frequency Theorem. In contrast to many existing results, this approach allows to provide effective estimates in terms of the system parameters (including delays). We illustrate the exposed general results by means of the nonautonomous and classical Nicholson blowflies models, where effective dimension estimates for global attractors and robust conditions for the global stability are obtained.

dc.language.iso

value: en

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Differential Equations and Control Processes;Issue 1

dc.subject

value: Delay equations

value: Volume contraction

value: Dimension estimates

value: Global stability

value: Nicholson blowflies


dc.contributor.author

value: Zheltova, Elena V.

value: Zheltov, Alexander Yu.

dc.identifier.citation

value: Zheltova E. V., Zheltov A. Yu. Object Incorporation in Latin: Towards Macro- and Micro- Typology of Incorporation. Philologia Classica 2024, 19 (1), 74–86. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2024.105

dc.description.abstract

value:
In this paper, the Latin language is analyzed in the context of typology of object incorporation.
The authors draw on the research of Mithun, who considers incorporation on the basis of two
obligatory conditions: first, the noun must be embedded in the verb, and second, the language
must have parallel syntactic paraphrases with non-incorporated noun. The second criterion is
so important that the phenomenon of incorporation is acknowledged to exist even in those
languages where there is no complete integration of the noun into the verb, but only a certain
syntactic compactness, provided there are parallel constructions. The latter type has been coined
“noun stripping” and has launched the division of incorporation into two types, viz. “strong”
and “weak” incorporation. Another important point of divergence between the incorporating
languages is the change of the argument structure of the source verb, namely, the preservation
or loss of transitivity of the incorporated complex. Taking all these parameters into account,
the authors propose a new typology of object incorporation, including languages that have not
previously been considered in the context of this phenomenon. This typology is not based on
a strict opposition of incorporating and non-incorporating languages, but represents a kind of
continuum in which the place of a language depends on whether it demonstrates: 1) full incorporation
or only a close syntactic Noun–Verb compactness; 2) the presence of parallel syntactic
paraphrases; 3) the detransitivisation of the resulting compound verb. The authors examine each
criterion in detail as applied to Latin and show the place of Latin in this typology.

dc.publisher

value: St Petersburg State University

dc.relation.ispartofseries

value: Philologia Classica;Volume 19; Issue 1

value: Latin

value: object incorporation

value: macro- and micro-typology of incorporation

value: argument structure

value: transitivity